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 copnucirr deposit. 
 
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 1 730. 1 880. 
 
 CKLKBRA riOX 
 
 150th anniversary 
 
 SETTLEMENT OE BALTIMORE. 
 
 BA LTl MO HE: 
 
 Printed by King Brothers. 
 I s N I . 
 
I CALVE RT. 
 
 W^ „ - 1796 - ,^ 
 
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 m\ .\\ 
 
 THE 
 
 ESQUl - CENTEMIAL 
 11-17. OCTOBER 1880. 
 
 ^^ ' I-- ' >r!..hLI-t f; H' V: : -f H Hr ^r hr TTTSE 
 
 XSs' 
 
 .■E R.-' NV-T.D EL-T_ 
 
1730. 'M cuicti a r ^^Jo fi m 1 c . ISSO. 
 
 AN ACCOUNT 
 
 MUNICIPAL CELEBRATION 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIYERSARY 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF BALTIMORE 
 
 OCTOBER liTH-i9TH, 1880. 
 
 WITH A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY, AND SUMMARY OE THE RESOURCES, 
 OF THE CITY. 
 
 Edited by EDWA:^D SPENCER, 
 
 Uiidpr tlie direction ol' the Mayoralty Historical Committee. 
 Ii.r.usTK.VTED j;v FRANK B. JIAYER. 
 
 P. A L T I M O R E : 
 
 PRTNTF.n I?T ORDER OF THE M.WOIt .\Nn CTTY COUNriL, 
 
 MDCCCLXXXI. 
 

 Entered according to the Atfl of Congress, in the year 1881, 
 
 BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF RALTIMOR^ 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congre^. at Washington. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 FACE 
 
 I. Introduction 1 
 
 II. Chai-tek First— Biiltimore from 1730 to 18S0 . . '. . . .5 
 
 III. Chapter Second — The Sesqui-Centeunial Festival — Its Origin and 
 
 Growth 21 
 
 IV. Chapter Third— The Decorations of the City 47 
 
 V. Chapter Fourth — The First Day's Pageant C5 
 
 VI. Chapter Fifth — The Orations— Scheutzeu Park and the Historical 
 
 Society . . . . " 103 
 
 VII. Chapter Sixth — Second and Third Days of the Festival . . .141 
 VIII. Chapter Seventh— Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Days of the Festival . 169 
 
 IX. Chapter Eighth — Higli Carnival 198 
 
 X. Chapter Ninth— Incidents, Accidents and Phases of the P(jpular Tem- 
 perament During the Week of Festival 220 
 
 XI. Chapter Tenth— The Industries and Other Resources of Baltimore— a 
 
 Retrospect, with Some Glimpses of the Future 243 
 
 XII. Chapter Eleventh — The City— its Government and Institutions- 
 Moral, Intellectual, Benevolent and Social 274 
 
 XIII. Appendix 323 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 At the close of the celebration of the Sesqui-Centennial 
 anniversary of the settlement of Baltimore, nothing remained 
 to be done in this connection but to have prepared and pub- 
 lished a suitable account of it, not only for the gratification 
 of those who had borne a part, but that a record might be 
 preserved for future reference. 
 
 To this end the Mayor appointed the following committee 
 to take charge of the matter: John H. B. Latrobe, President 
 of the Maryland Historical Society; Daniel C. Gilman, Presi- 
 ident of the Johns Hopkins University; J. Thomas Scharf, 
 author of a history of Maryland and of the Chronicles of Bal- 
 timore, and the orator of the day in English; Frederick Eaine, 
 editor of the German Correspondent and the orator of the day 
 in German; John L. Thomas, Jr., Collector of the Port of Bal- 
 timore, and "William A. Stewart, ex-speaker of the House of 
 Delegates of Maryland. 
 
 The committee had frequent meetings, and finally deter- 
 mined to adopt the quarto size for the proposed work, con- 
 forming in this respect to the volume containing an account 
 of the City Hall; the letter press they limited to three hun- 
 dred pages, or thereabouts, and the number of copies to three 
 hundred. Ten or fifteen plates it was believed would suffice 
 for the illustrations, which could be so arranged that the 
 progress of the procession would be seen from the beginning 
 to the end by simply turning over the successive pages. The 
 committee would gladly have provided for a larger edition; 
 but with all the money that remained of the general collec- 
 tions, and all that it was probable the Councils would con- 
 
ii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 tribute in addition, it -vrould have been out of the question to 
 enlarge the work and yet keep within the means likely to be 
 at their command. 
 
 The committee were satisfied, however, that with the 
 heavier items of expense already incurred, and with the letter 
 press electrotyped and the drawings engraved on stone, an 
 edition of many thousand copies, inferior in no one respect to 
 the first three hundred, could be issued at a cost that would 
 place the volume within the reach of everyone. 
 
 As soon as the committee had determined upon their plan 
 of publication they addressed the following communication 
 to the Mayor : 
 
 To the Hon. Fekdixaxd C. Latrobe, 
 
 Mayor of Baltimore : 
 
 Sir :— The undersigned, the committee appointed by you to 
 prepare for publication a history of the celebration of the one 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Balti- 
 more, report as follows: 
 
 After several meetings and a full interchange of views, the 
 committee determined that the history ought to contain not 
 only a description of the parades and processions which dis- 
 tinguished the several days of the celebration, accompanied 
 by artistic pictorial representations of their leading features, 
 but also some account of Baltimore at the date of its Sesqui- 
 Centennial anniversary. The volume would tluis not only 
 interest and gratify those who took part in what was a most 
 remarkable display of wealth, taste and patriotism, but 
 would furnish a standard with which to measure the city's 
 future progress. 
 
 The committee propose, then, to include in their narrative 
 of the celebration a brief sketch of the history of Baltimore, 
 with an account of its municipal government ; its commerce, 
 foreign and domestic; its manufactures; its industries of 
 eveiy description; its institutions, educational, philanthropic 
 and religious, scientific and artistic— in fine, without going 
 more into detail, to present, along with the events of the eel- 
 
INTRODUCTION. Ul 
 
 ebration, a picture of the past and present of the city, as a 
 memorial of an epoch in its existence. 
 
 Such a picture the committee are satisfied they can have 
 prepared at a reasonable cost, in a reasonable time, and in a 
 form creditable alike to the city and to those engaged in the 
 work. This, indeed, -n-ould have been now well under way 
 had the necessary pecuniary means been at their command. 
 
 It was at first suggested that private subscriptions might 
 possibly furnish what would be needed for the proposed pub- 
 lication. This, however, could only be ascertained by per- 
 sonal applications to those whose interest in the celebration 
 had already been liberally manifested, and when the enthu- 
 siasm of the occasion had, in a greater or less degree, died 
 out. It was then thought that the balance in the hands of 
 the municipal committee, together with what was unex- 
 pended of the city's appropriation, if these could be obtained, 
 would go far towards meeting the want of the occasion. The 
 city's appropriation, however, had already been carried into 
 the treasury, and what remained in the hands of the munici- 
 pal committee would have been insufficient for the purpose ; 
 so that the committee have been forced to the conclusion that 
 if a history of the late celebration is to be prepared and pub- 
 lished in a manner corresponding to its importance, it will be 
 necessary for the Mayor and City Council to contribute at 
 least a portion of the expense. 
 
 The committee therefore suggest, respectfully, that you call 
 the attention of the Councils to this matter, to the end that a 
 celebration so honorable to the city and to all engaged in it 
 may not be without other memorial than may be found in 
 future days in the columns of the daily press of the period. 
 
 Most respectfully, 
 
 JoHX H. B. Latkobe, 
 
 D. C. GiLMAX, 
 
 John L. Thomas, Jk., 
 AYiLLiAM A. Stkmart, 
 J. Thomas Scharp, 
 F. Raixe. 
 Baltimore, .lanuary 8th, 1S81. 
 
IV INTUODLCTION. 
 
 The subject having been brought before the Councils by 
 the Mayor, in accordance with the request of the committee, 
 was referred to the Joint Standing Committee of Ways and 
 Means, whose action is shown by the foHowing extract from 
 the journal of March 28th, 1881 : 
 
 The Joint Standing Committee on Ways and Means, to 
 whom was referred a communication from his Honor the 
 Mayor, with a report of the committee appointed by his 
 Honor to prepare for publication a history of the celebration 
 of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement 
 of Ikxltimore, have carefully considered the subject and are of 
 opinion that inasmuch as the publication of such a volume 
 would be of great value to the city for future reference, the 
 city should bear a portion of the expense of the publication 
 which is asked for in the rejiort of said committee. 
 
 They therefore ask the adoption of the following resolu- 
 tion • 
 
 A. ROBKETSOX, 
 
 First Branch. 
 J. Pembroke Thom, 
 D. Caldwell Ikelaxd, 
 
 R. A. POULTOX, 
 
 Second Branch. 
 
 Resolved by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, That 
 the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars, or so much 
 thereof as may be necessary, be and the same is Ixereby 
 a])pr()priated to publish a history of the celebration of the 
 one hundred and fiftietli anniversary of the settlement of 
 Baltimore ; said sum to be expended under the direction of 
 the committee appointed by his Honor the IMayor to prepare 
 for publication said history, and to be provided for in the 
 levy for 1881 , provided, that the copyright of said book, with 
 the plates and drawings, and the volumes printed by said 
 committee, shall be the property of the city, to be disposed 
 of by the Mayor and City Council. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of the Councils the above resolu- 
 tion parsed both branches and was approved by the j\Iayor. 
 
INIRODUCTION. T 
 
 The committee of the citizens having already appropriated 
 to the work the balance of $1,332.48 remaining from the gen- 
 eral collections for the celebration, the committee on the 
 publication found themselves Avith the sum of $3,832.48 at 
 their disposal. 
 
 In anticipation of a favorable action on tlie part of the city 
 authorities, the committee had already cliosen Mr. Edward 
 Spencer for the literary and ]\Ir. Frank B. INIayer for the 
 artistic portion of the proposed volume. Marylanders both 
 of them, they entered as soon as they were directed by the 
 committee upon their re.spective duties, and the admirable 
 manner in which they have performed them is the best justi- 
 fication that the committee could possibly have for the 
 selection that was made. 
 
 Mr. Spencer, already widely known as a writer of ability, 
 and Mr. Mayer, as an artist of reputation, have in the present 
 volume fully sustained themselves. Nor can the committee 
 omit to mention with the warmest commendation the admira- 
 ble manner in which the well-known firm of Ji. Hoen & Co. 
 have reproduced on stone the drawings of Mr. Mayer, catch- 
 ing their spirit, doing them the fullest justice, and entitling 
 the artist, Mr. H. A. Schroeder, Avho held the graver to the 
 credit of being of no mean ability in his profession. 
 
 JOHN H. B. LATROBE, 
 D. C. OILMAN, 
 JOHN L. THOMAS, Jr., 
 WILLIAM A. STEWART, 
 J. THOMAS SCHARF, 
 F. RAINE, 
 I'altimore, January 8th, 1881. Committee. 
 
Memorial Volume. 
 
 CHAPTER FIRST. 
 
 BaKiiiiore from 1730 (o 1880- 
 
 THE Act of Assembly of the rrovince of Maryland, by 
 wliicli tlie to-mi of Baltimore on the Patapsco was given 
 a legal existence and definite bounds, became a law and was 
 proclaimed as such on the eighth day of August, 1729. On the 
 first of December of the same year the commissioners named 
 in the Act concluded a bargain with Uv. C^harles Carroll, for 
 himself and for his brother Daniel Carroll, for the purchase of 
 sixty acres of land on the north branch of the Patapsco, "in 
 and about the place where one John Fleming now lives," bor- 
 dering on what was called Cole's Harbor. The price agreed to 
 be paid was forty shillings per acre in cm-rent money of IMary- 
 land, or in tobacco, delivered in the hands of the Sheriff of the 
 county, at the rate of one penny per pound. The Carrolls, 
 however, were to be paid by the purchasers of the town lots, 
 Avhicli were to be sixty in number. On the twelfth of January, 
 1730, the new town was laid ofl: by the commissioners, with the 
 aid of Philip Jones, the county surveyor, and on the fourteenth 
 some of the lots were taken up, the first choice being given to 
 Mr. Charles Carroll, original proprietor of the tract, who chose 
 a lot extending from what is now called Carroll Hall, south- 
 east corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets, to the Basin. 
 
 The emporium of Baltimore county, which was also to 
 become the metropolis of ]SIaryland and one of the chief com- 
 mercial cities of the United States, was slow and vacillating 
 in selecting a permanent abiding place. The IMaryland colony 
 was settled in ISIarch, 1634, the Patapsco river having been 
 known to Captain John Smith, who described it under the 
 
b MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 name of the Bolus, as early as IGU.S. Ikltiinore county was 
 e.stablislii'd in 1G59, a tract of indefinite limits, extending 
 southward to the Magothy river, eastward at one time as far 
 as the Elk or the Sassafi-as, and westward at fii-st to the bomi- 
 dary of the I'rovince. Various county seats were proposed for 
 it. Tliere was a Court house on Bush river, called " old Balti- 
 more." The town of Joppa, on the Gunpowder, long held the 
 court and records and attracted the tobacco and the lawyers, 
 but eventually Baltimore town on the Patapsco outstrijjiied its 
 rivals and they disappeared. 
 ,, — The selection of the name, Baltimore, was fortunate. Of 
 course it is understood that this name was derived from the 
 county, and that the county was named from the barony in 
 Ireland of which George Calvert and his successors were lords. 
 But the new town might have easily been given another name, 
 as happened with the county-seat on the Gunpowder, and our 
 fellow-citizens deserve to be felicitated that they are able to 
 call themselves Baltimoreans and not Joppans. Some conjec- 
 ture has been spent upon the etymology and meaning of the 
 Avord Baltimore, but it does not seem useful to renew the con- 
 troversy here. "We may be well content to believe that the 
 name was given not only in testimony of the respect in which 
 tlie first inhabitants held the memory of Lord Baltimore, but 
 in anticipation of the reputation enjoyed by their successors. 
 For the Baltimoreans, like him who was first of the name of 
 Baltimore, are "of great sense, but not obstinate in their sen- 
 timents, taking as great pleasure in hearing others' opinions 
 as in delivering their own." The parallel, which is George 
 Calvert's character as drawn in the Biograjyhia Britaiudca, 
 may be pursued still further. "Judge Bopham and he agreed 
 in the public design of foreign plantations, but differed in the 
 manner of managing them. The first was for extirpating the 
 original inhabitants; the second for converting them; the for- 
 mer sent the lewdest persons to those places; the latter the 
 soberest; the one was for making present lu-ofit, the other ft)r 
 a reasonable expectation ; liking to have few governors, and 
 those not interested merchants, but unconcerned gentlemen; 
 granting liberties with great caution, and leaving every one to 
 provide for himself by his own industry, and not out of a 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 7 
 
 common stock." May our citizens never be less like Lord Bal- / 
 timore in these respects tlian tliey are now. — -^ 
 
 Two or three things determined the permanency of the pro- 
 gress of Baltimore town on the Patapsco and made it grow as 
 other places declined. It had a regular harbor, while Joi)pa 
 had only a roadstead. It was adjacent to the flourishing iron- 
 works on the middle and south branches of the Patapsco. It 
 had superior water-power at a time when grain-cultm'e Avas 
 beginning to supersede tobacco; and its mills, convenient to 
 its harbor, made it a desirable place for receiving grain from 
 the interior. It was midway between the Potomac and the 
 Susquehanna, and the di'ift of population, when Baltimore was 
 settled, was westward between these two streams. Its staples, 
 tobacco, flour, pig iron, potash, peltries, staves, fish, provisions, 
 gave it a foreign trade with Europe, Canada and the New Eng- 
 land colonies and AV^est Indies, the return cargoes for which its 
 exports were exchanged making it the entrepot of supplies for 
 the whole back country. 
 
 The Act of Assembly of August Sth, 1729, had been passed 
 in deference to petitions from settlers in that part of the 
 county, who wanted a town and a harbor. Tliis petition was 
 presented July 14th. It was a, 2) is alJer, for the settlers in the 
 vicinity, beginning to be quite numerous, wanted another site. 
 The road from Joppa to Annapolis, after crossing the ford 
 below the mill at Bath and Holliday streets, went to Ferry 
 Bar. .lust above this was Tasker & Carroll's furnace, the Bal- 
 timore Company's iron-works. The site proposed was that part 
 of the Spring Gardens between Ferry Bar and Gwynn's Falls. 
 But tills land had iron ore in it. It belonged to ]\Ir. John 
 Moale, himself a member of the lower House of the Ijegisla- 
 ture, and he prevented the plan of locating a town on his 
 lands from being carried out. There had been an abortive 
 attempt made to erect a town on Whetstone Point, where Fort 
 McHemy now is, in 1706. The settlers therefore petitioned to 
 have their town established on the north side of the North 
 Branch, "upon the land supposed to belong to Charles and 
 Daniel Carroll." The doubt about the actual owners of that 
 part of Cole's Harbor where the town was laid out was veiy 
 reasonable. The land all about there Avas covered over with 
 
8 • MEilOHIAL VOLUME, 
 
 patents, vacations, renewals, reversions and escheat titles ; lines 
 were ill-defined, and sometimes it was hard to find any owner. 
 This was the case with Jones' town, or Old Town, the first addi- 
 tion to Baltimore town, which was, in a manner, in chancery. 
 About the beginning of the eighteenth centuiy, however, the 
 C'arrolls, interested in Tasker's furnace and on the lookout for 
 ii-on ore, took up as much of this land as they could, including 
 Cole's Harbor, and began to lease and sell it out to actual set- 
 tlers. In 1711 for instance, Mr. Charles Carroll sold to Jona- 
 tlian Hanson thirty-one acres on Jones' Falls for a mill-site, 
 and the mill was built. In 1726 Edward Fell, a quaker, settled 
 east of Jones' Falls, tried to recover Cole's Harbor from Car- 
 roll, having bought out the equity of some of the heirs of pre- 
 vious patentees; but he failed. The land was then half 
 cleared ; it had a mill on it, thi'ee dwellings, with out-houses, 
 and orchards. On the other side of the Falls there were still 
 other houses, owned by Fell, Jones and others. John Moale 
 lived just south of the Carroll tract, his house facing the Ferry 
 Bar road and his garden rumiing down to the Basin, and Dr. 
 ^\''alker lived north-west of the Carroll tract, and just west of 
 the land taken up by John Howard. The Cole's Harbor tract 
 was therefore a settlement before the town was erected, and it 
 was traversed by the most frequented public road in the 
 whole province — the high road from Philadelpliia to Annapo- 
 lis, to Elki-idge Landing, to Georgetown and Alexandria. 
 
 The Act of Assembly for erecting a town in Baltimore 
 county was signed and approved by Benedict Leonard Calvert, 
 Esq., Governor, and promulgated in the name and authority of 
 " the Right Honorable Charles, absolute Lord and Proprietary 
 of the Province of ^Maryland and Avalon." The commissioners 
 named in the Act for laying off the town were ISIajor Thomas 
 Toll(>y, IMr. William Hamilton, Mr. William Buc-kner, ]\Ir. 
 Richard CHst, Dr. George "Walker, Dr. George Buchanan and 
 Colonel William Hammond— ,:.ll of them, excepting Dr.^^'alker, 
 justices of the peace for the county, men of substance and 
 authority. The Act did not contain anything beyond the 
 ordinary direction for proceedings in such eases and a proviso 
 making it obligatory upon each one who took up a lot to build 
 a liouse on it covering 400 square feet (20x20 feet) within 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 9 
 
 eigliteen montlis. This proviso was badly enforced, and young 
 Baltimore grew up pretty much at will, unincumbered by any 
 of the elaborate legislative swaddling clothes in which other 
 sickly towns of the period were luit out to nurse. 
 
 Whether or not it was because the Carroll title to Cole's 
 Harbor was not thought to be good, it is certain that the new 
 town did not grow rapidly at first. Many of the lots went a 
 begging, and in 1752, twenty-two years after the town was laid 
 off, it only contained twenty-five houses — a growth of only one 
 house a year. It was not until 1747 that it was thought worth 
 while to forfeit any lot because the holder had failed to com- 
 ply with the terms of the Act. In 1732 "Old Town," or Jones 
 or Jonas town as it was then called, was laid off by the Fells 
 and others, under an Act of Assembly similar to the one 
 laying off Baltimore town, and this place was the latter's rival. 
 All the lots in this settlement were sold in 1740, and at the 
 same time FeirsJ\)int, under the name of Cop us' Harbor, was 
 setting itself up also as a rival, nor did it cease its rivalry and 
 consent to be amiexed until 1796, when it finally and reluc- 
 tantly came in as "Deptford Hundi-ed." In 1745, however, 
 Jones' toAvn and Baltimore toAvn were consolidated into one 
 Baltimore town Tn May, 1747, an addition of eighteen acres 
 was made in the shape of Harrison's Marsh, and in May, 1 750, 
 there were further additions of the properties of Sheradine 
 and Schleigh. In 1753 Joshua Hall's addition of thirty-two 
 acres fell in, and in 1765 Cornelius Howard's addition, called 
 Lunn's lot, part of a tract of two hundred acres, was brought 
 within the town limits. In 1773 Fell's and Plowman's tracts 
 were taken in; in 1783, John Eager Howard's, and Ridgely's 
 and Rogers' additions were made; in 1796 the town was char- 
 tered as a city, and in 1816 the last extension of the city limits 
 was made. 
 
 It will be noticed how rapidly the area of the city widened 
 after it really began to grow. This was in the decade 1750- 
 1760. In that interval we find that a tobacco warehouse was 
 established, wharves built, some by lottery, others by private 
 enterprise, and a subscription started to build a market-house. 
 The town was fenced before that, to keep out the Indians. 
 But the panic died soon, the town grew so that the savages no 
 
10 MEMORIAL VOLUME, 
 
 longer frightened its people, and the fence was used for kind- 
 ling wood before the market-house was built. In this intei-val 
 between 1750 and 17G0, the town had the beneiit of some 
 public-spirited citizens, men of property and enterprise, added 
 to its poi)ulation; notably John and Ileiu-y Stevenson, who 
 came from Ireland. Tliese men built; tliey embarked in for- 
 eign commerce; tliey attracted settlers; they improved their 
 properties. Henry Stevenson built a mansion on Jones' Falls 
 so big and handsome that Ids sliort-sighted fellow-townsmen 
 called it "Stevenson's Folly." They learned to revere such 
 ft)lly, however, when Stevenson turned liis big house into a 
 small-pox liosi)ital. The Stevensons embarked largely in the 
 milling and grain trade, shijiping flour and wheat to Ktu'ope 
 and importing many goods by return ship. They built ves- 
 sels; they invited their Irish comjiatriots to immigrate. Just 
 before he was compelled, because a loyalist, to leave the Prov- 
 ince for good. Dr. John Stevenson was called by Sii" AA'illiam 
 Draper "the American Komnlus," because he was thouglit the 
 founder of I3altinu)re. His property and that of Dr. Henry 
 Stevenson were confiscated in 1781, under the severe regime of 
 Luther ^Martin, the fii'st Attorney General of the new State of 
 ^laryland. These brothers must not be forgotten in any 
 account of the founders of our city, for the work they did 
 must liaA'C been important and extensive. Eddis, writing in 
 1771, forty-one years after the fii-st planting of the town, says 
 distinctly of this Avork that: "Tlie commencement of a trade 
 so lucrative to the first adventurei-s soon became an object of 
 universal attention. Persons of a commercial and enterprising 
 spirit emigrated from all quarters to this new and promising 
 
 scene of industry and within foHi/ years f rum Us 
 
 first commencement, liiltimore became not only the most 
 wealthy and popidous town in the Province, but inferior to 
 fcAV on this continent, either in size, number of inhabitants, or 
 the advantages arising from a well-conducted and universal 
 and conunercial connection." 
 
 At this time in which Eddis writes, the forty-year-old town 
 had a commerce and manufactures of its own: mills, rope- 
 Malks, shipping and ship-l)uilding. it imi)orted goods from 
 all Europe nearly, and exported the products cif Maryliiiid as 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 11 
 
 far Avest as Hagerstown, of Pennsylvania as far north as Har- 
 risbiirn-, and of Virginia's valley and Piedmont region. Tlie 
 court-house had been moved hither from Joppa; new bridges 
 were built, an almsliouse and work-house established, a circu- 
 lating library founded, and soon (1773) a weekly newsi)aper. 
 The ]\Iaryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, was jiub- 
 lislied. Douglass and Hallam opened their theatre here also 
 this same year, so that the new town must be considered well 
 on its way. There Avere several taverns and coffee-houses, two 
 jewelry stores, a post-rider to Frederick and Winchester, reg- 
 ulai- mails to Annapolis, to the Eastward and to "Williamsburg, 
 and packet-boats to Kock Hall and to Oxford and iSt. IMichaels. 
 Tlie town had received a great accession of active enterprising 
 citizens from many parts of the world — thrifty Germans from 
 Pennsylvania or from Faderland; French, from Acadia and 
 the ^\'est Indies; Scotch-Irish from Ulster, and Irish gentry 
 from other parts of that island. It Avas men of these classes, 
 men like the Buchanans, the Stevensons, the Purviances, like 
 Fotterill, Lux, Gough, Patterson, Fite, Harrison, Yeiser, Stei- 
 ger, Keener, Reinecker, Eichelberger, Yellott, no less than the 
 natives of the Province and the county, who gave Baltimore 
 its strong early impulse of groAvth. 
 
 Yet it Avas not until the war of 1775 had fairly broken out 
 and the irrepressible conflict with the mother country was 
 seriously joined that Baltimore Avas safe from the rivalry, the 
 wealth and prestige of Annapolis. The Revolution ]iot only 
 broke up Annapolis as the court centre of the State, eclipsing 
 its gaiety and its political influence; it impoverished the 
 ancient city Avhile it em-iched Baltimore. Our merchants 
 turned privateers and ravaged British commerce, while the 
 tobacco ships ceased to enter the Severn. The trade, the ship- 
 ping, the ship-building of the Chesapeake, everyAvhere else 
 languishing, centred in Baltimore and the town became a 
 great depot of supplies for all the adjoining States. Charles- 
 ton, SaA'annah, Norfolk, Philadelphia, New York, Avere either 
 held or blockaded by the enemy, but Baltimore was free, and 
 the Baltimore clippers went in and out almost at Avill. Then 
 Avere laid the foundations of the fortunes Avhicli, from 1781 
 until 1820, were so liberally used to build up the trade and the 
 
12 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 streets of Baltimore and fill it with improvements. Congress 
 held some of its sessions in IJaltimore during this war, and 
 the town was given two delegates in the lower house of the 
 Geneml Assembly of ^Marj-land. 
 
 After the war lialtimore town grew apace. Many New Eng- 
 landers came in, and there were large accessions of capital and 
 population. Major General Greene, on his retiu-n North in 
 178:5, stopped in Annapolis and Baltimore. In liis diary of 
 September 2oth, he says: "I got into Biiltimore about lU at 
 night and put up at I\Ir. Grant's. Before I quit Annapolis, I 
 could not help observing this place is proposed for the fixed 
 
 residence of Congress I'jaltimore is a most thriving 
 
 place. Trade floui-ishcs, and the spirit of building exceeds 
 belief. ]S'ot less than 300 houses are put up in a year. 
 Ground rents are little short of what they are in London. 
 The inhabitants are all men of business." The trade and 
 commerce of the place widened in sphere in every direction. 
 Its ships penetrated even into the Indian Ocean and to China. 
 It received produce and sent its millers and its teams to the 
 Ohio, to the Genessee and Lakes Ontario and Eide and to 
 Georgia and Tennessee. It still did not much resemble a city, 
 however. The hills were not cut down, the streets were lui- 
 paved, the houses were cliiefly small, mean and irregular. 
 There was snipe-shooting on Harrison's marsh, where the Cen- 
 tre market now stands; the swamj) of "the meadow" was not 
 ditched and canalled; the court-house still had its pillory 
 and Avhipping-post, and the ungnided levels and unregulated 
 wharves were more picturesque than convenient. There is a 
 contemporaiy porti-ait of the town which is as lively as it 
 seems to be accurate. 
 
 "It was a treat," says this writer, "to see this little Balti- 
 more to\\ni just at the termination of the war of Independ- 
 ence — so conceited, so bustling and debonnaire — growing up 
 like a saucy, chubby boy, with his dumpling cheeks and short, 
 grinning face, fat and mischievous and bursting incontinently 
 out of his clothes in spite of all the allowance of tucks and 
 broad selvages, ^[arket street had shot, like a Nuremlierg 
 snake, out of its toy box as far as Congress Hall, (Liberty 
 street and Baltimore,) Avith its line of low-browed, hiijped-ruof 
 
MEMORIAL VOIATME. 13 
 
 wooden houses in disorderly array, standing forward and back, 
 alter the maimer of a reiiriment of militia with many an inter- 
 val between the files. Some of these structures wore painted 
 blue and white, and some yelloAV, and here and there sprang 
 up a more magnificent mansion of brick, with windows like a 
 multiplication table and great wastes of wall between the 
 stories — with occasional courtyards before them, and revereh- 
 tial locust-trees, under whose shade bevies of truant school 
 boys, ragged little negroes and grotesque chimney-sweeps 
 ' skyed coppers ' and disported themselves at marbles." 
 
 Even in 1826, when the settlement was ninety-six years old 
 and the city itself had been chartered for thirty years, Mayor 
 Montgomery reported to the City Council that of 10,41<3 houses 
 returned by the sweep-masters, oidy 101 were of four stories, 
 1,524 being of one story, while 7,183, seven-tenths of the 
 whole, were only two stories high. As to the extent of the 
 city, in 1804, " Howard's Park" began at Saratoga street on 
 the north, U\e west end stopped at Paca street, the swainps on 
 Harford run were undrained, and \yilkes street Avas in fact a 
 causeway. 
 
 The Legislature had governed Baltimore town, through its 
 commissioners, up to 1796. In the November session of that 
 year however, in response to numerous petitions from the 
 place, an "Act to erect P>altimore town, in Baltimore county, 
 into a city, and to incorporate the inhabitants thereof," was 
 passed, the preamble setting forth that "the good order, 
 health, peace and safety of large cities and towns cannot be 
 preserved, nor the evils and accidents to which they are ex- 
 posed avoided or remedied, without an internal power, com- 
 petent to establish a police and regulations fitted to their 
 peculiar circumstances and exigencies." It was thus that the 
 CITY OF Baltimore began to have an individual and indepen- 
 dent existence. The charter thus gi-anted and its subsequent 
 amendments comprise the constitution of the city of Balti- 
 more. It was granted a corporate seal, a IMayor and City 
 Council, the power to elect and appoint its officers, to raise 
 money for its purposes by taxation, to enact all needful laws 
 and ordinances, to preserve the public health, remove nui- 
 sances, have the streets lighted and patrolled and regulate the 
 
14 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 harbor, lircnses, auction sales and other matters. In another 
 plare in tliis vohinie the city government, as it is now consti- 
 tuted, will be found briefly described. 
 
 James C'allioun was elected first Mayor of the city; Mr. 
 Kichard II. Moale Avas appointed Register; Mr. James (Jarey 
 was President of the First Branch City Council and Mr. Jolm 
 Merryman I'resident of tlie Second IJranch. Among the coun- 
 cilmen and electors are found the names of George Buchanan, 
 George Keinecker, Samuel Owings, Zebulon Hollingsworth, 
 David McMechen, Hercules Courtenay, Edward Johnson, Job 
 Smith, Jeremiah Yellott, Adam Fouerden, Peter Frick, Philip 
 Rogers, Robert Gilmor and others. The first council met in 
 the court-house, in 1797, and continued to meet here until 
 March, 1801. 
 
 The total revenue of the city, from all sources, during 1797, 
 was $14,412. In 1810, with a population of 35,000, the expen- 
 ditures were about §60,000. In 1881, with a population of 
 332,000, an increase of not cpiite ten-fold, the expenditures are 
 about §5,400,000, an increase of ninety-fold. The assets of the 
 corporation however and the wealth of the population have 
 grown so rajjidly that tliis great increase in the cost of govern- 
 ment is no burthen to the community. In 1798 the assessed 
 wealtli of the city was §099,519. It has grown to §250,000,0u0, 
 in 1881, an increase of 357 fold. 
 
 From 179G onward, Baltimore advanced rapidly in popula- 
 tion. It established sugar refineries and glass-houses. It ex- 
 perimented with steam power in milling. It founded exten- 
 sive brick manufactm-es. It laid out great turnpike roads 
 towards the Avest and north. It chartered banks, cut canals 
 and improved its harbor, building many wharves and piers. 
 It became the greatest flour mart in tlie world. It founded 
 insurance companies. It establislied agi'icultm"al and indus- 
 trial associations. It had a fleet of nearly 1 200 ves.sels .'^ailing 
 to every sea. It had ship-yards and built war-ships for the 
 American navj'. It had extensive fisheries. In the five years, 
 1790-95, its exports aggregated §13,444,796, two-thirds of the 
 trade of the State. It had fifty flouring mills, located on every 
 stream within sixty miles of the Iksin. There were Assembly 
 rooms, race com-ses, a library, and many luimane and charita- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUiyiE. 15 
 
 ble institutions. It built a fort for the United States on 
 Whetstone Point and frigates for the war with France. At 
 the beginning of the present century its banliing capital ex- 
 ceeded a million dollars. There were then 130 streets, lanes 
 and alleys, 11 chm-ches, 2 theatres, a court-house, jail, alms- 
 house and two market-houses. There were 3,500 houses in the ' 
 city then, 170 of which were warehouses, and the population 
 was 30,000. The harbor was deep enough for ships of 500 
 tons. The manufactures were various and important. The 
 rope-walks in that day were as noticeable as the flouring mills. 
 The city indeed ranked as the third commercial port in the 
 Union. In 1797 it had 59,837 tons of sliipping. It exported 
 more in proportion to its population than either Philadelphia 
 or New York, and, as Morse, the geographer, wrote, " Baltimore 
 possesses a larger proportion of men of wealth or of jirobity in 
 commercial affairs than any of the sea-port towns." It had 
 undertaken the firstlings of a public water service ; it had in- 
 troduced vaccination, established a general dispensary, and 
 was reforming its old barbarous criminal code. It began a 
 monument to George Washington, founded colleges and uni- 
 versities, incorporated cotton factories, and began to pay a 
 million and a haK a year in customs duties to the United 
 States revenue. 
 ^ In 1810 the population was 46,555, and Baltimore was grow- 
 ■ ing more rapidly than any other Atlantic- city in both wealth 
 and trade. But ab-eady the embargo had laid its paralysing 
 hand upon the flourishing city's commerce. The diSiculties 
 with Great Britain were culminating, and Baltimore had too 
 many seamen afloat to escape feeling acutely the injustice of 
 the British impressment act. The gi-eater part of our citizens 
 welcomed the war of 1812 with enthusiasm, though it demol- 
 ished the city's trade and threw its valuable merchant marine 
 back upon the single resource of privateering. It was the 
 activity and the audacity of the clippers sailing out of the 
 Chesapeake that led to the expedition of 1814, the results of 
 which were the capture of Washington and the battle of North 
 Point and the bombardment of Fort :\[cHenry. The abdica- 
 tion of Napoleon set free a large number of Wellington's vet- 
 erans, and they were at once detached towards our shores with 
 
16 JIEilOIJIAL VOLITME. 
 
 tlie ohjoct of destroying tlie centres of American commerce. 
 Tlie i)lan avowed was to leave tliis (jountry " in a mncli worse 
 condition as a naval and commercial power than she was at 
 the commencement of the war." The Chesapeake had been 
 closely blockaded and its shores ravaged by Admirals Sir 
 I'eter Parker and Cockbnrn. The "pirates of the Chesapeake" 
 were too obnoxious to British commerce not to be marked out 
 for special vengeance. Baltimore sent out 58 cruisers dui'ing 
 the war. They swept every sea, capturing hundi-eds of ves- 
 sels. Hence, Ross and Cockburn were especially instructed to 
 destroy Baltimore. They spared no pains to accomplish tlieir 
 object. The fleet, however, could not get within striking dis- 
 tance of Fort Mcllenry. The barges were repulsed. The 
 .skirmishes on the North Point road showed that tlie land de- 
 fences of Baltimore were too strong to be taken by assault and 
 too extensive to be invested, and the expedition returned 
 down the bay without effecting anj^thing. Ross was slain in 
 an obscure affair of outposts, and the "Star Spangled Banner," 
 the country's national anthem, Ava* composed under the fire of 
 the ships of the line in AdniiraH]C\)ckburn'.s squadron. 
 
 The Avar of 1812-15, however, bore with gi-eat severity upon 
 the commerce and trade of Baltimore, and the demnged state 
 of the country's finances, together with the changes in the 
 conditions of transportation, prevented a return of the old 
 elasticity for several years. Speculation in more than one in- 
 stance attempted to usurp the place of legitimate trade, and 
 the results Avere sometimes disastrous. There were extrava- 
 gant importations on a suspicious cm-rency, and this Avas fol- 
 loAA-ed by panic and collapse. The high tide of 1817 saAv an 
 ebli in 1819, AA'lien 20,000 people were out of employment in 
 Baltimore. The papei-s were filled Avith advertisements of 
 sheriff's sales. The population of Baltimore fell off 10,000 
 between 1815 and 1820. Rents on Baltimore street alone de- 
 creased §1250,000, and operatives A\'ere glad to get half Avages. 
 It AA-as in this dark i)eriod that New York and Ncav ICngland 
 got ahead of lialtimore in the race for commercial and in<liis- 
 trial supremacy. 
 
 Yet the city did not liui'4"uish unduly. It built a steamboat 
 and a steam-mill during the heat of the Avar. It chartered a 
 
MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 17 
 
 Bible society and a museum. It laid tlie foundations of a 
 Masonic Hall. It established a Merchants Exchange, built 
 the Battle Monument, founded the Maryland Hospital, started 
 the Colonization Society, adopted the use of illuminating gas, 
 erected a shot-tower, endowed an Athenaeum, and girded up 
 its loins for new struggles in the future. It recognized that it 
 was situated most favorably for commerce. It expected to re- 
 gain its trade with the interior and foreign parts as easily as 
 they had been lost. It did not wait for trade to come to it, 
 however, but reached out to conquer the avenues to it. Balti- 
 more had eagerly co-operated with the plans of Washington 
 for the slack-water navigation of the Potomac. It liad helped 
 to cut tlu-ough a canal from the Delaware to the Chesapeake. 
 It had aided in constructing the Susquehanna canal. These 
 enterprises making but slow progress, Baltimore had pushed 
 forward its system of turnpike roads to the M>st as eagerly as 
 it pushed its ships into the trade of the Spanish main. It had 
 connected its State roads with the "National " road from Cum- 
 berland to Steubenville, Ohio. 
 
 It was now seen that a change had come over the spirit of 
 trade. Peace succeeded war throughout the world, and rein- 
 stated industries niade rivali'ies more exigent and eager. 
 There had been gi-eat and material improvements in transpor- 
 tation. Labor, patience, capital, had succeeded to a rapid and 
 venturesome capture of trade. Something must be done to 
 supplement the daring clipper ship, seeking her market on a 
 roving commission. Commerce had begun to move in definite, 
 established lines. The coast depended more on the interior, 
 and the race was now to gain the short ways to that. The 
 slack-water navigation idea was not comprehensive enough. 
 The canal became the gi-eat artery which every form of trade 
 sought. New York had a river system and a lake system, 
 with a flattened water-shed between them. DeWitt Clinton 
 grasped the significance of this great advantage, and in 1825 
 the Erie canal was completed. It was 369 miles long. It cost 
 $7,600,000, and secm-ed the commercial primacy of New York 
 city. 
 
 Baltimore thought it would be as easy to unite the Potomac 
 witli the Ohio and the Susquehamia with I^ake Erie and the 
 
18 MEMORLVL VOLUME 
 
 Monongahela. En^neers pronounced it a feasible plan to 
 fonstruct a C'he.sapeake and Oliio canal, and in l.S2;5 the State 
 undertook the work. lialtiniore was jealous of (ieor^etown 
 and Alexandria, however, and favored the Susijuehanna Canal 
 project. It was finally induced to support the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio plan also, with the amendment of a lateral canal to 
 the Patapsco. The "internal improvement" policy was a 
 source of fjreat excitement at this time. It was discussed in 
 frequent public meetings and conventions also. It led to a 
 large expenditiu-e of public and private funds. There were 
 two citizens of Baltimore, however, Avho saw that canals could 
 not easily nor shortly be carried over the Alleghany moun- 
 tains, and who felt that when the Ohio was reached by them, 
 I'altimore would have no more than the advantage New York 
 ali-eady possessed. They knew that r>altimore ought to profit 
 by tlie advantages in distance it enjoyed over New York — an 
 advantage of 200 miles to St. Louis. The railroad, then being 
 talked of in England, would insure this advantage, and these 
 two Biiltimore merchants — Philip E. Thonuis and George 
 Ih'own — boldly proposed to construct a railroad from Balti- 
 uu)re to the Ohio river. 
 
 In 1827, February 12th, a meeting was held in the city "to 
 take into consideration the best means of restiu'ing to the city 
 of Baltimore that portion of the western trade which has 
 lately been diverted from it." A committee, consisting of 
 Philip E. Thomas, Benjamin C. Howard, (Jeorge Brown, Talbot 
 Jones, Joseph ^\'. Patterson, Evan Thomas and John V. L. 
 McMahon, was appointed to consider the subject, and on the 
 Hith these gentlemen reported to an adjourned meetii\g. 
 They recomnu'uded "that measures be taken to construct a 
 double railroad between the city of Baltimoiv and some suit- 
 able point on the Ohio river," and that a company should 1)6 
 incoiporated for that purpose. This meeting, probably the 
 most important ever held in Baltimore, was the initial step in 
 the construction of railroads in the United States. The future 
 of Baltimore depends now, as it did then, upon the quickness 
 of its citizens in their comprehension of what the times de- 
 mand and their spirit of self-sacrifice in meeting such great 
 emergencies. The railroads restored to Baltimore its lost 
 
MEMORIAL VOLU5IE. 19 
 
 trade. Witli proper extensions they will regain for it its old 
 conmaercial supremacy. 
 
 The corner-stone of the Baltimore and Ohio was laid on 
 July 4th, 1828, and thus was begun an undertaking which Avas 
 to cost more to coniplete it than the whole wealth of the city 
 when it was started. On the same day the first spade full of 
 dirt was turned on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. On 
 August 8th, 1829, the centennial of the passage of the Act for 
 the settlement of Baltimore, the corner-stone of the Baltimore 
 and Susquehanna Railroad was laid. Thus the internal im- 
 provement system was inaugurated. The most heroic part of 
 the i^erformance, the settlement of the debts so incurred, was 
 yet to come. 
 
 Meantime, the city grew. It had 80,000 people in 1829. It 
 shipped 250,000 barrels of flour for export annually, and its 
 tobacco exports exceeded 20,000 hogsheads. It was a liberal 
 and progressive city, moreover. It removed all disabilities 
 from the Jews and established a system of free public schools. 
 It was generous and charitable, even sending money to relieve 
 the distresses of the Greek revolutionists. A screw dock was 
 established and the Canton Company founded in this centen- 
 nial period, when also Washington and Alexandi-ia and Norfolk 
 and Petersburg were comiected with the city by steamboat 
 lines. The "Washington Monument was completed and dedi- 
 cated and many other enterprises rounded up about this time. 
 
 The internal improvement policy brought its revenges. It 
 was carried to improvident extremes, and just when ovir citi- 
 zens had put all their means in the canals and railroads, the 
 panic of 1837 occurred. The losses by the Bank of Maryland 
 were large; those by the failure of the United States Bank 
 were larger. The State owed $11,700,000 for its public works; 
 the city owed $5,500,000; interest was in default; city stock 
 sold for fifty cents in the dollar, and the spirit of repudiation 
 stalked abroad. Then the good men of Baltimore and the 
 State made a still greater rally for the public credit than they 
 had made for internal improvements, and, after a heroic effort, 
 in which taxation searched our very vitals, every obligation 
 was met, the public honor was saved and Baltimore stood 
 respected before all the world. 
 
2U MEMORIAL YOLr.ME. 
 
 In ISfil, when our city was once more on the crest of its 
 prosperous wave, tlie civil war between the States broke out, 
 and all trade, every industry, values and properties of every 
 sort were laid prostrate. Our elders fled or retired from busi- 
 ness. Our young men went to the wars, to fight for the one 
 side or the other, and the military yoke pressed sternly about 
 our necks. It was said then that Baltimore's prestige Avas 
 gone forever. Her connections were broken ui>; her railroads 
 destroyed; her capital had emigrated. 
 
 The war ended in 1865, and in the fifteen years wliich have 
 ensued Baltimore luis made more rai)id progress than ever.* 
 Its growth has been metropolitan. It disdains provincial aims 
 and provincial methods. It selects its points of trade over the 
 whole broad continent. Its granaries contain the cereal pro- 
 ducts of tAventy-seven great States. It wrestles for commer- 
 cial supremacy with overgrown New York, and challenges, 
 with its artificial resom-ces and careful economies, the great 
 natural water-routes of internal commerce which the St. Law- 
 rence and the jMississippi rivers provide. 
 
 The people of Baltimore have not much changed from what 
 they were in the days before and during the Revolution, when 
 the place began to grow. Our Penates arc the same. The 
 local temper, the local spirit, the local flavor of individuality, 
 exist in all their original pungency. AVe have broadened, 
 deepened, grown more cosmopolitan, spread in lung-space, and 
 our greater height gives wider range of vision. But the daring 
 merchants, full of spirit and enterprise, probity and honor, 
 whose word is their bond, are still here ; the generous givers 
 also, the saintly almoners of charity. Baltimore homes are 
 the old familiar homes our gi-andsires knew ; and our Avomen 
 keep np all the beauty, the grace, the well-arched insteps of 
 their granddames who danced with Comte de Grasse's officei-s 
 after Yorktown. The city mob is the same, too, careless, idle, 
 generous, given to SAvift impulses, easily led and pacified, but 
 hot tempered, furious and terrible in the flaming outbursts of 
 its anger or its indignation. 
 
 ♦These figures will lie fouuil iu tbe chapter on " The Resources of Baltimore.' 
 
CHAPTER SECOND. 
 
 The Sesqnl-Centennial Festival— lis Origin and Growdi. 
 
 THE One Hundredth Anniversary of tlie passage of the Act 
 of Assembly "for creating" the town of Baltimore on 
 the north side of Patapsco was celebrated in Baltimore city on 
 Saturday, August 8th, 1829, by a town meeting in Jlonument 
 Square, and, as has already been stated, by the laying of the 
 corner-stone of the Baltimore and Susciuehanna railroad, now 
 called the Northern Central. The meeting in IMonument 
 Square was a formal and ceremonious assemblage of citizens, 
 beginning as early as 7 o'clock a. m. A platform was erected 
 in front of the Court House, where so many platforms have 
 since been built ; seats were reserved on it for the surviving 
 soldiers of the war of the Revolution, for the Governor and 
 other officers of the State, the city, the Government of the 
 United States and foreigners of distinction. A very tasteful 
 canopy,, with elaborate appropriate decorations, was tlu-o^vn 
 over this grand stand, from the rostrum of which, after a 
 prayer by Rev. Mr. Snethen, a centennial address was delivered 
 by Mr. William George Read. Mr. Read, wliile by birth a 
 South Carolinian, was fully entitled to speak for centennial 
 Baltimore, because he was most eloquent and competent, a 
 ripe scholar and an able lawyer, and because he had intermar- 
 ried with a family to the manner born. His wife was Sophia 
 Catharine, second daughter of John Eager Howard, and he 
 himself was already at that early date one of our most promi- 
 nent lawyers and esteemed citizens. Mr. Read's theme was 
 the rise and progress of the city. After the oration, a proces- 
 sion was formed at Masonic Hall, in St. Paul's street, under 
 the direction of the Grand Eodge of JIaryland, there was a 
 parade through the principal streets, the dedication and 
 corner-stone-laying followed, and at night the ceremonies 
 ended with fireworks. 
 
22 ^IKMORIAL VOLUME 
 
 Wlion the One Huudi-ed and Fiftieth Auuiversaiy of tliis 
 formal fouiidini,' of tlie city occurred, Aui^ust 8tli, 1879, there 
 was no instant proposition for its celebration.* On Monday, 
 November lOth, 1870, however, at the regular monthly meet- 
 ing of the Maryland Historical Society, a letter was read from 
 Mr. Daniel C. Gilman, President of the Johns Hopkins Univer- 
 sity, in which the celebration was formally suggested. Mr. 
 Gilman was not present at that meeting, having an engage- 
 ment to deliver the opening addi'ess of the annual course of 
 lectui-es at the ^laryland Institute. Tlie theme of that saluta- 
 toiy address was " Baltimore's Opportimities," and in the 
 course of it President Gilman introduced the subject of his 
 letter to the Historical Society. It was just one hundi-ed and 
 fifty years, he said, since the Act of Assembly providing for 
 the founding of Baltimore, and he thought " the anniversary 
 should not pass by without a fitting celebration." He went 
 further and said : "If it be possible, let us have an exhibition 
 of our industrial activity and of our gratitude towards the 
 brave, eloquent and generous men who have passed away. 
 Let our sister cities of the South and our .sister cities of the 
 North be invited to send here their delegates, and, in tliis 
 Centkal Crrv, and in this year of returning prosjx'rity, join 
 hands in amity." 
 
 This address of President Gilman's was heartily seconded 
 by the press of the city, which eagerly Avelcomed his sugges- 
 tions, as much in view of the moral effect — increased amity 
 between tlie sections — as of the material outcomes of the cele- 
 bration. It is not likely, indeed, that anj^ one at that time 
 was prepared for such an overflowing of general enthusiasm as 
 the celebration finally excited. A civic anniversary was in- 
 deed contemplated from the first, but that did not necessarily 
 imply unanimous and universal concurrence and co-opei-ation 
 in the genei-al festival and rejoicing. As was said by one of 
 the newspapers the next morning after President Gilman's 
 address : " it was to be hoped that his wise and temperate sug- 
 
 * The Uiiltimoie Morning Herald, of August 12tli, 1879, at that tuue edited by 
 Col. .1. Thomas Scharf, the Maryland historian, did indeed contain a loni; article 
 full of references to the occasion and tlie general public neglect of it, and this arti- 
 cle speaks of it as the " Scsqui-Centcnnial of Baltimore." The writer did not how- 
 ever go the length of i>rompting a celebration. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLOIE. 23 
 
 gestioiis would secure a fast hold upon tlie ininds and imagi- 
 nations of all tliose wlio are competent to reduce tliem to 
 practice." 
 
 Tlie Maryland Historical Society fortliwitli appointed a 
 committee to consider Mr. Gilman's suggestions. This com- 
 mittee reported in favor of a celebration, the report being 
 made at the monthly meeting of the Society, on January 12th, 
 1880, which happened to be the one hundi-ed and fiftieth anni- 
 versary of the survey of the original plat for Baltimore town. 
 In the meantime, the proprietors of The Su/i newspaper, fol- 
 lowing the suggestion of Col. J. Thomas Scharf, had published 
 on January 10th, 1880, a carefully prepared sketch of the early 
 history of the town, its rise, progress and institutions. This 
 memoir, the materials for which were largely secm-ed through 
 Col Scharf, who had much to do likewise with its preparation, 
 form and contents, was very favorably received by the public 
 at the time, and doubtless contributed something towards 
 directing the prepossessions of the community into the mould 
 of the past. Tliis paper suggested, as President Oilman had 
 already done, that the honorable and reputable past of Balti- 
 more, the best guaranty of its glorious future, entitled the 
 anniversary of its actual beginning to be kept with some de- 
 gree of ceremonious observance. So much, it was hinted, was 
 "a duty equally of courtesy and respect to the venerable foun- 
 ders." 
 
 In April, 1880, the Historical Society appointed a second and 
 larger committee to prepare a programme for the celebration 
 now definitely determined upon. This committee comprised 
 Hon. John H. B. Latrobe, chairman, Hon. George William 
 Brown, Hon. John I>ee Carroll, ]\Ir. Francis T. King, Mr. .Tames 
 H. Bond, Mr. Robert Garrett, Ur. Daniel C. Gilman, Mr. Enoch 
 Pratt, Mr. John W. McCoy, IMr. James A. Gary and Mr. John 
 \V. M. Lee. It prepared a plan for the celebration, which was 
 reported to the next (second :Monday in j\Iay) meeting of the 
 Society. This plan, which, with various amendments became 
 eventually the basis of the celebration as it was finally carried 
 out, comprehended several features. From the first a week of 
 festival was contemplated, and the committee " recommended 
 to the citizens of Baltimore that the week beginning with 
 
24 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 October 4th, 1880, be devoted to <a general celebration of tlie 
 t'ouudiug of lialtimore one hundred and fifty yeai"s ago." The 
 plan suggested comprehended : I. A Civic Procession, illustra- 
 ting the present condition of the Arts, Industries and Com- 
 merce of Ikltimore ; the decoration of the streets, &c. II. A 
 Commemoration of the Local Charities. III. A Musical Festi- 
 val. IV. A Celebration by the Historical Society, consisting 
 of an (h-ation, a I'oem, and otlicr appropriate exercises, at the 
 Academy of Music ; and a Banquet. 
 
 Tlie original plan was for the ^Maryland Institute to take 
 charge of the industrial features of the celebration, it having 
 been founded f(U" the purpose of fostering and encouraging the 
 Mechanic Arts. It was probably contemplated that the Trus- 
 tees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital would take the lead in 
 directing the Local Charities display, and the Teabody Conser- 
 vatory of Music seems to have been had in view by those who 
 prompted the idea of a Musical Festival. These intentions, 
 however, if they ever took definite form in the minds of their 
 projectors, were not carried out. The Institute, after dallying 
 awhile with the Industrial programme, abandoned it formally. 
 The Charities display was never put into shape by the Hos- 
 pital trustees, and the only proposition in regard to a ^lusical 
 Festival which was heard of from the Peabody Conservatory 
 was one from ]Mr. Ilamerik, to conduct a festival on such 
 terms as the committee had no authority to accept, and which 
 they deemed it anyhow impossible to put in execution. These 
 oflicial failures and negations, while they produced a sense of 
 disappointment for the time being, were veiy fortunate in the 
 end for the character and extent of the celebration. The fes- 
 tival, when it did take idace, was almost a spontaneous one, a 
 movement emanating from the hearts of the people, inspii-ed 
 by their enthusiasm and regulated by their good sense and 
 judgment. 
 
 The Historical Society recognized that the comprehensive 
 programme adopted by it could only be carried out with the 
 whole community co-operating, and the officers of ^lie Society 
 were instructed to write to the ]Mayor of the city, Hon. Ferdi- 
 nand C. Latrobe, submitting to him the plan of celebration 
 proposed, and asking him, if it met his approval, to recommend 
 
me-:morial voLu:iiE. 25 
 
 it to tlie community for tlieir support, and also to appoint a 
 citizens' committee, to act independently of the Historical 
 Society in furtherance of the project. The ]Mayor cordially 
 approved the programme, and wrote to the Society to tliat 
 effect, saying that "the wonderful progress made in the 
 wealth, commerce and general prosperity of the city within 
 the past few years is an evidence of what the future has in 
 store for it, and the honorable record of Baltimore's history 
 and that of her people is deserving of being told not only to 
 the present generation, but rescued from its hiding places and 
 pigeon holes and put in some lasting shape, to be preserved 
 for those who are to come after us." The Historical Society, 
 in addition to its general committee, appointed three special 
 preliminary committees, with instructions to report at future 
 meetings. The Committee on Historical Papers consisted of 
 George William Brown, Edwin A. Dabymple and AVilliam H. 
 Corner; on a Musical Festival, Asger Hamerik, Frank Frick 
 and Henry C. Wagner, and on Historic Sites, John H. B. 
 Latrobe, John W. McCoy and John W. M. Lee. 
 
 The press very generally commented upon and approved the 
 programme of the Society and sought to give practical effi- 
 ciency to the ISIayor's endorsement of the work laid out. That 
 work, however, could not be done without money, and the 
 financial committee named by the Historical Society did not 
 succeed at first in eliciting any suDscriptions worth taking into 
 the account. The reluctance of the charity organizations to 
 co-operate as suggested became manifest ; tlie ISIaryland Insti- 
 tute was obviously not in a situation to justify it in taking 
 the responsibility of managing the industrial part of the pro- 
 gramme, and it seems to be the case that the rivalries and 
 jealousies of our musical associations, quite as much as the 
 lack of time for adequate preparation, made the musical festi- 
 val impossible from the first. Nor can these various organiza- 
 tions be blamed for their reluctance to embark upon the sea 
 of troubles to which they were invited. Their managers knew 
 that much would be expected of them. Their means were 
 limited. The reproach and mortification of failure were cer- 
 tain, and the rewards of success were micertain and indefinite. 
 
26 MEMORIAL VOIAME. 
 
 A conference of Mayor Latrobe with the jreneral conunittee 
 of the Historical Society led to his appointini,' a committee of 
 citizens to co-operate with the Society. This committee con- 
 sisted of Messi-s. John W. (iarrett, James R. Herbert, Henry C. 
 Smith, Jolin S. Ho^tk, Hamilton l-iister, Robert Turner, John 
 \V. Davis, William Keyser, Robert T. Raldwin, James Carey 
 Coale, Louis Mc.Murray, James Sloan, Jr., Decatin- H. Miller, 
 Allison Rrown, \\alter B. McAtee, (Jermon H. Hunt, I. Free- 
 man Rasin, Joel (Jutman, John S. Oilman, Oliver .V. Parker, 
 George Cator, John T. Morris, Joshua Vansant, John T. Ford, 
 Otis Keilhcjltz, (ieorye R. Thomas, J}. F. Ullman, George W. 
 Corner, John (iill, Henry A. I'arr, William J. Montague, Fred- 
 erick Raine, M'illiam II. Skinner, C. Morton Stewart, John .M. 
 Robinson, Christian A.\, James W. Tyson, Samuel H. Adams. 
 These, with the original Finance Committee of the Historical 
 Society, reinforced afterwards by other members, took the 
 various matters connected with the celebration in their charge. 
 Several meetings were held, tlie programme for the festival 
 was discussed and an understanding come to as to what was 
 practical to effect. No definite action ensued, however, the 
 lack of financial resources and the adverse influences spoken 
 of above having a paralyzing effect. The celebration, if it 
 came off at all, must be upon a scale commensurate Avith the 
 dignity and importance of the occasion and the interests of 
 the great city whose anniversary was to be kept. To secure 
 this, not only was the countenance and aid of the municipal 
 authorities needed, but also the active and energetic co-oper- 
 ation of the entire mercantile and business community. How 
 to secure these essentials still seemed problematical to the 
 committees. 
 
 The city of Nashville liad had a great mmiicipal celebi-ation 
 in May, during sevei-al weeks, and it would never do for Balti- 
 more to permit Nashville to surpass it. Our citizens who had 
 l)een present during that celebration were jiecnliarly struck by 
 the large concourse of strangei-s there to witness the spectacles 
 and disi)lays and take part in the festivities. Some of these, 
 active, energetic, observant, public-spirited citizens, like Mr. 
 John T. Ford for instance, made it their business to call ui)on 
 
JlKMOUI.Vr. VOLLME. 27 
 
 the Mayor and tell liim wliat tliey had scon and heard, and 
 how many old Baltimoreans there were throughont the South 
 who would gladly embrace a festival opportunity to revisit 
 their old home. The community heard of all these things, 
 and it was seed sown in an auspicious soil. The true idea 
 of the festival and its importance began to take shape in the 
 public mind. 
 
 That idea rested npon the central germ of a parade of indus- 
 tries, a display of institutions and an exhibition of resources 
 such as would reveal and illustrate the city's groAvth and pro- 
 gress, not in one or two but in all directions. We knew the 
 lieginnings, we would assemble the results, so as to be able to 
 judge for ourselves what was the measiu-e and extent of our 
 advancement. We would bring the past and the present 
 together right before our eyes. The impression the spectacle 
 made upon ourselves would be the criterion by which to esti- 
 mate its power of impressing others. Every accessory which 
 was suggested was conceived with the thought of embellish- 
 ing this central idea and bringing it out into greater relief. 
 The plan of a musical festival looked probably as much to 
 this test of progress in the way of the display of choral and 
 orchestral improvements and original composition as it did to 
 the mere assthetic enjoyment of an artistic entertainment. 
 This thought also lay at the bottom of the suggestion that the 
 display of the mechanic arts should be conducted by the 
 Maryland Institute, the oldest of our industrial foundations. 
 
 The withdrawal of the Institute therefore from official 
 connection with its part of the programme and the announce- 
 ment made by the Historical Society's Musical Committee 
 that it was forced to abandon the hope of carrying out the 
 musical festival as proposed, caused a natural feeling of dis- 
 appointment. These things, and the failure to collect any 
 money, carried dismay into the hearts of those who had cher- 
 ished hopes of a successful celebration. The charity com- 
 memoration feature had fallen through,* the Historical 
 
 *This was iu coupcquente of some miscalculations and misconceptions. It is 
 probable also that the Trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital had received an 
 impressiou of the indifference and Inkewarnmess of the conununity towards Presi- 
 dent Oilman's suggestions. At any rate, they took no further public steps in the 
 
28 3IEM0UIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Society liacl no intimate relations with the great busy, bust- 
 ling, every day i)art of tlie community, and the impression 
 deepened as the heats of midsummer intensified, that the 
 Sesqui-C'entennial Celebration would in the end have to be 
 consigned to that limbo of uncomi)leted projects where the 
 happiest schemes of men still wander purposeless about. 
 
 The danger of failure, however, x^robably inspired that 
 temper in the public mind which made success inevitable 
 and a matter of course. The time had come for action and 
 action ensued. There was a special session of the City Coun- 
 cil held on June 10th, for some object not necessary to recite 
 here. At this se.ssion, however, the President of the Second 
 Branch, Mr. A. II. Greenfield, introduced a resolution,* the 
 purpose of which was to extend a thorough municipal recog- 
 uitiou to the coming anniversary festival, to invite the co- 
 operation of the United States government, in its army and 
 navy departments, and to suggest to citizens the proi)riety of 
 decorating their dwellings and places of business, erecting 
 arches and taking part in every way in the celebration. 
 Pending final action on this, the general committee of citi- 
 zens whose names have been given above had a meeting and 
 conference with Mayor Latrobe at his office i)i the City Hall. 
 This was on June 22d, and Mr. J. H. B. Latrobe, the Chairman, 
 stated that they had received sufficient encouragement from 
 citizens generally to justify them in believing that the plans 
 proposed for celebrating the anniversary as suggested by the 
 Historical Society could be matured and substantially car- 
 ried out. 
 
 dirpotion of carrying out what was understood would be their part of the pro- 
 gramme: the hiyin;; of a corner-stone to commemorate the founding of llie Hospi- 
 tal, the huildinsrs of which, on tlieir tract of laud on North Broadway, were nearly 
 completed. Tliis formal ceremony, it had been fancied, would furnish a jmnt (V 
 apjyui for the cliaritahlc institutions to rally ujion and perform tlieir part in the 
 ceie1)ration. There had been no public demonstration in coumctiou with the 
 estai>lishment of Die Hospital so far, and the present seemed to lie a tit occasion if 
 any demonstration was to be made. The trustees, however, if tliey ever enter- 
 tained tlie project, were now found to liavc withdrawn from any idea of a putilic 
 iustauratiou of their work. In short, this part of the programme proved to be 
 impracticable for a variety of reasons, and it was reliu(|uishcd before any sti ps had 
 been taken to jjive it shape. 
 
 ♦Drawn, it is stated, by Mr. .John T. Ford. 
 
MEIMOHIAL VOLUJIE. 29 
 
 Tlie ij^eneral idea of the celebration, the extent of it, Avhat 
 could he done and Avliat could not be done, were thus in a 
 sense public property. Nothing was done, but the thought 
 and the central notion of the celebration both lay fallow in 
 the ininds of the people. The heats of summer had now 
 come on, and those who are usually expected to take the lead 
 in public celebrations and festivals had gone off to the dif- 
 ferent summer resorts and watering-places. Preparations 
 such as must be made and collections of money such as 
 needed to be taken up were thus postponed until persons 
 easily discouraged were all disposed to abandon the enter- 
 prise in dispair. It was the apparent impos.sibility of secur- 
 ing any funds, without which nothing in advance could be 
 done in their departments, that constrained both the Mary- 
 land Institute and the musical committee to give up the 
 parts in the programme more or less formally ■assigned to 
 their share. The directors of the Institute announced their 
 withdrawal during the second week of July, and a few days 
 later the musical committee gave notice that no musical fes- 
 tival could be held at the date assigned for the celebration. 
 
 The project which had been elaborated and distributed 
 about among the various co-laborers was not given up, but it 
 slept a very sound sleep at this time, from AA'hich it might 
 perliai)S have relapsed into the sleep that knows no waking. 
 But a new element embraced the project just in this hour of 
 its greatest apathy and languor, gave it new life and more 
 breadth and definiteness of direction. This was when our 
 German fellow-citizens, thinking the case of the celebration 
 hopeless, took hold of the matter themselves and determined 
 that it should not be abandoned. This energetic and active 
 class in the community, who exercise so much influence and 
 have done so much to build up the city with which their 
 nationality has been associated from the foundation, form 
 no inconsiderable element in our population. Not less than 
 one-third of the people of Baltimore are German by birth or 
 by descent, either born themselves in Faderland, or descended 
 of i^arents or grandparents who immigrated from thence. 
 They are full of the spirit of co-operation ; have strong local 
 pride and habits of a social turn throwing them much 
 
30 MEMOIUAL VOLIME. 
 
 together in their hours of relaxation from labor. They do 
 not KO to the watering-places in summer, but spend much 
 time al fresco in their beer-gardens, surrounded by their 
 families, and listening to good music. They had been ])ained 
 at the idea that they were to have no musical festival and 
 indignant at the thought that the city's anniversary was 
 likely to be passed by without commemoration. They were 
 thoroughly organized and provided with the means of prompt 
 and effective communication and co-operation with one 
 another through their different societies and associations 
 and orders, whether of industrial, benevolent, artistic or 
 merely social character. As soon as the determination on 
 their part to have a festival began to exist, the spirit in 
 which it originated was quickly .spread and diffused through 
 the medium of these various societies and unions. 
 
 After a very little consideration and consultation, the rep- 
 resentatives of over forty-five societies, unions, lodges, bunds 
 and vereins met in a sort of convention at the Hall of the 
 Germania Maenucrchor, West Lombard street, on August ;50th. 
 The meeting was energetic and earnest. An organization Avas 
 promptly effected, action followed at once, and from this 
 hour the preparations for the celebration were pressed for- 
 ward with unflagging zeal and the assurance of success. It is 
 to this preparatory meeting that the honor must be ascribed 
 of popularizing the celebration and of striking on its behalf 
 that keynote of general enthusiasm which finally became the 
 most remarkable feature of the great display. At this meet- 
 ing, in addition to the preliminary organization, a definite 
 date was set for the celebration (October 4th) and a definite 
 programme was adopted. This included a procession, illus- 
 trating with tableaux the history of the city from its settle- 
 ment to the present time, with an industrial parade compre- 
 hending every sort of mechanism and handicraft. The 
 programme was to be concluded with a celebration at 
 Schuetzeu Park, where, when the procession arrived, there 
 were to be orations in German and English, with music and 
 other appropriate features. 
 
 The meeting adjoiunied to meet in the same place on 
 Thursday, September 1st. Here the permanent organization 
 
MEMORIAL VOLOIE. 31 
 
 was effected, the work divided up and tlie various committees 
 appointed to take charge of it. It seems as if this were the 
 proper place to speak of this organization, s' ice this was the 
 beginning of it, thougli some changes Avere made in the com- 
 mittees and the work assigned to them greatly enlarged in 
 its sphere and distribution. In its final and authentic shape, 
 therefore, the German Execidme Committee of the Sesqui- 
 Centennial Celebration consisted of John R. Fellman, Chair- 
 man, Julius Conrad, Secretary, Dr. A. Richter, Treaavrer, and 
 Messrs. Jos. Raiber, John Mechtold, John Hemeter, Chr. Bar- 
 tell, R. D. Boss, H. Schroeder, W. Rosscamp, A. von Degen, and 
 H. Schoecke. The Committee on Agitation consisted of Jos. 
 Raiber, Qliv. Bartell, J. Siebrecht, R. D. Boss, and A. von Degen. 
 Committee of Arrangements, Chr. Bartell, Jos. Raiber, L. Beck, 
 Fred. Beckmann, R. D. Boss. Com,mittee on Finance, John 
 Hemeter, Dr. A. Richter, H. Schoecke, Aug. Schaeffer, L. Ber- 
 ner. Committee on Decorations, John IMechtold, O. Nordhoff, 
 G. Jung, George Worf. Grounds, William Rosscamp, Clias. 
 Schneider, Henry Engelhardt. Music, R. D. Boss, Jos. Raiber, 
 Fred. Jacober. Artistic, H. Schroeder, I. Loewenthal, C. 
 Bersch, J. A. Sudsburg. Iteception, Theo. Horn, Dr. F. Has- 
 sencamp, Sr., Prof. Knapp, Ed. Gronau, L. Schneider, Henry 
 Engelhardt, W. A. Schweckendeck. Printing, A. von Degen, 
 F. ^y. Kirschner, Aug. Steman, Dr. Gust. Warlitz, Ph. H. Len- 
 derking, Theo. Kroh, Sr. 
 
 This meeting, only the second that was held, was attended 
 by the representatives of over sixty societies. It was at this 
 meeting also that the Germans took the broad and patriotic 
 stand of having a celebration such that every citizen Avould 
 be glad to participate in it, one so broad and comprehensive 
 that no nationality could claim the exclusive direction of it. 
 This position, so important to the success of any such festival 
 and so well maintained throughout all the subsequent pro- 
 ceedings, was definitely stated by the meeting, in consequence 
 of a slight effort made by some ill-advised members to nar- 
 row and restrict the affair. To check this at once, the Secre- 
 tary, ]\Ir. Conrad, offered a resolution to the effect that the 
 German citizens of Baltimore were actuated solely by patri- 
 otic motives in this attempt to celebrate the coming great 
 
OZ MKMOIU.VL VOLUME. 
 
 municipal lioliday, and that the co-operation of all citizens 
 was invited, ho as to nialve the celebration f,'eiieral and suc- 
 cessful. It was also explicitly declared that nothing of a 
 political character or tendency was to have place in the 
 parade or celebration. The resolutions, or the speakere to 
 them, further said that the German initiative was not taken 
 in any spirit of forwardness, but because they did not wish 
 a festival which American-born citizens had not seemed to 
 sustain, to be entirely abandoned. There was an adjourned 
 meeting of the representatives of these societies, now in- 
 creased to seventy-two, on September Sth. At this meeting 
 his Honor Mayor I^atrobe was elected President of the Cele- 
 bration, Col. J. Thomas Scharf invited to deliver the English 
 oration and Col. Frederick Kaine the German oration in 
 Schuetzen Park. Captain Jos. Kaiber was elected Chief ^Nlar- 
 shal of the Celebration, and other appropriate arrangements 
 were made. 
 
 "We have been jiarticular to give in considerable detail the 
 action of these initial meetings of the German societies, 
 before the rest of the community began to co-operate with 
 t;liem. This action was undoubtedly the turning i:)oint of the 
 festival. As the hitely published "Proceedings of the Mary- 
 laud Historical Society in connection with the Celebration"* 
 tersely remark : " The proposed celebration received the 
 very earnest support of the German citizens of Baltimore, 
 and to the impulse given to it by their active and Avcll- 
 directed energy, is due, in large measure, the brilliant success 
 with -fthich the enterprise was attended." This is the fact. 
 The first inception Avas not theirs, nor the fi^nal arrangements. 
 They did not conceive the celebration, nor did they antici- 
 pate the full measure of its final success. But they infused 
 life and vigor into an almost expired purpose. They guaran- 
 teed us again.st the mortification of an absolute failure. 
 They smote the rock of the pul)lic sympathy until generous 
 emulation, patriotic endeavor and general enthusiasm burst 
 forth in one mighty stream that bore down every obstacle 
 and swept away every difficulty. In their action originated 
 the movement and the popularity of the celebration, its 
 
 •Fund-Publication, No. U>. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 33 
 
 hearty cliarcacter and that robust bonhommie which colored 
 all the later proceeding's witli a peculiar glow. 
 
 The German committees went to work witli a Avill, aided 
 materially by Col. Scharf, whose familiarity witli the chron- 
 icles of the State and city, into the history of which lie has 
 searched so deeply, no less than his unflagging zeal and in- 
 domitable energy, made him a most useful and indeed indis- 
 pensable collaborateur. The historical tableaux were selected 
 and designed under his suggestions, and he also gave much 
 aid to all the other committees. The German committees 
 were quite successful in collecting money for promoting the 
 objects of the celebration. To aid in this necessary work a 
 commemorative medal was ordered to be struck off and sold.* 
 
 With the second week of September it had thus become 
 evident to all that Baltimore would celebrate its anniver.sary, 
 and all citizens began to co-operate to make the celebration 
 what it shonld be. On Monday, September 6th, the commit- 
 tee appointed by the German societies, Mr. Chr. Kartell, 
 Chairman, waited upon Mayor Latrobe and notified him of 
 his having been appointed Honorary President of the Cele- 
 bration. There was also a general conference upon the sub- 
 ject of the coming display, with a suggestion that a later day 
 be set for it, with the view to add to the various attractions. 
 The iMayor accepted the position tendered him, and assured 
 the committee of his active sympathy and support. He ex- 
 pressed a confident belief that the new fire now kindled 
 would spread until the enthusiasm reached all classes. He 
 believed that the City Council, when it reassembled, would 
 recognize the anniversary in a handsome and substantial way, 
 make the festival a season of legal holiday and reinforce it 
 with every municipal resource. Co-operation in every way 
 and of all citizens and interests was essential to such a cele- 
 bration as was desirable. The action of the City Council 
 should be waited for and the Historical Society, which would 
 soon meet, should be consulted. Its original plan, contem- 
 
 * It was of bronze, attached to a slip of ribbon. It bore on one side a represen- 
 tation of the Battle Momniient, with the words: "One Hundred and Fiftieth Anni- 
 versary of the Fonuding of Baltimore," with tlie two dates 1T30 and ITflO. On tlie 
 obverse was a head of George Calvert and tlie words : " George Calvert, first Lord 
 of Baltimore." Tlio price was 25 cents, and many were sold. 
 
34 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 plating a general and comprehensive celebi-ation, had not 
 been abandoned, and the general conunittee appointed by 
 him was still in existence. 
 
 On September 7th the Mayor appointed a nuiuicipal sub- 
 committee "to represent the Mayor and City Council in 
 making ari-angements for the proper celebration of the 
 Sesqui-Centennial." Of this committee Hon. Francis Putnam 
 Stevens was appointed Chairman, the other luemljcrs being 
 Messrs. Henry C. Smith, Gen. James li. Herbert, John T. Ford 
 and Daniel J. Foley. Mr. Foley could not serve, not being 
 able to remain in the city, and Col. J. Thomas Scharf, at first 
 elected Permanent Secretary, was finally appointed member 
 of the committee in Mr. Foley'.s stead. In apix)inting him 
 Mayor Latrobe did Col. Scharf no more than justice when he 
 enumerated his zeal, industry and efficiency as contributing 
 so materially to the .success of the celebration. The services 
 of ^Ir. Stevens and Col. Scharf were most appropriately recog- 
 nized on October 11th, when they were presented with badges 
 in the .shape of gold medals, in token of "their very valuable 
 /services." These memorials, which were accompanied by a 
 letter .signed by many prominent citizens, were formallj' 
 handed to the two gentlemen by Mr. A. H. Greenfield, Presi- 
 dent of the Second Branch of the City Council. Mr. Green- 
 field said that the badges, handsome as they were, only 
 represented in a slight degree "the liigh appreciation of 
 your fellow citizens for your noble and laborious efforts and 
 the inestimable services yon have rendered in bringing to a 
 successful issue the appropriate celebration of our Sesqui- 
 Centennial.'' The badges were indeed desened, as Mr. Green- 
 field said, "in recognition of untiring labor and assiduous 
 attention." 
 
 The exertions indeed of this Municipal Committee and 
 their clerks and of the German and other committees from 
 this time forward were simply herculean. It was a labor truly 
 of love, for no money could have compensated it. It involved 
 not merely the organization of an army and a campaign, with 
 a battle at the finale, but the organization also of a war de- 
 partment, a commissariat and a transportation service. .\n 
 empty treasury had to W supplied; a local enthusiasm to be 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 35 
 
 created and intelligent direction given to it. The various 
 committees in fact had to cover such a multitude of details 
 as probably never before fell to committees in such a brief 
 time. That their work was well done this history will bear 
 witness to on every page of the description wluch follows. 
 
 The Municipal Executive Committee met in the Mayor's 
 Office, City Hall, at noon on September Sth, the day after 
 their appointment, and proceeded vigorously to work. They 
 had a consultation fortlnvith with delegates from the German 
 Committees and with Col. Frederick Eaine, of the General 
 Committee. The first thing to do was to set a date for the 
 Celebration. October lltli was selected; the festival, it was 
 determined, should continue at least five days and the gen- 
 eral programme alreadj^ adopted by the German societies was 
 provisionally accepted. 'Work was cut out and apportioned 
 to the various committees and great progress was made in 
 deciding what was to be done and who were the best persons 
 to do it. An additional finance committee Avas named, and 
 in the work of this committee, as of all the others, Mayor 
 I^atrobe shared largely. 
 
 The German societies having in a general meeting ratified 
 the action of their committees of coirference in regard to the 
 changes of date and programme, the festival was acknowl- 
 edged to have received a "boom." There was no want of 
 co-operation on the part of any one to promote the success of 
 the great enterprise, and by degrees the differing opinions of 
 all were fused into unanimous enthusiastic acceptance of the 
 form of celebration finally determined upon. A little pres- 
 sure, a little diplomacy, much tact, forbearance and good 
 temper were called for at various periods in the intricate 
 series of preparations and arrangements. They were never 
 missing when demanded, and little by little, every interest, 
 every association and organization, every social, benevolent 
 and charitable order, all the religious bodies and finally the 
 entire community were attracted to the brink and drawn into 
 the vortex of the festival. They came to look, but they 
 stayed to work. The doubter acquired faith, the sceptic be- 
 lieved, the cynic turned patriot, for once. After the meeting 
 and conference of September 0th at Raine's Hall there could 
 
36 MEMOI5LVL V0LU3IE. 
 
 be no fiirthor doubt tliat tlio celebration ■wonld take plaee and 
 that it would be a ^^eiieral one. It was in this meeting that 
 Mr. F. P. Stevens, (.'hairnian of tlie Municipal Executive (oni- 
 mittee, fii-st cast the full horoscope of the coniinjj: festival, 
 which, he said, would rise higher than any mere commercial 
 view could .scan. It would, he said, be something of which 
 all would speak in after years with pride and patriotic feeling, 
 something which would make an indelible impression upon 
 tlie rising generation. From this date there was no more 
 division of counsels. All the committees established their 
 headcpiarters at the City Hall, the Mayor having assigned his 
 reception room to them. The office hours here were from i» 
 A. iM. to ;} p. M., and, as the Avork to be done grew upon the 
 hands of all connected with it and a larger clerical force was 
 required, this room began to resemble the Corn-exchange at 
 its hour of heaviest business — a mart of bustle and a centre 
 of activity and push for five continuous weeks such as only 
 an Adjutant (ieneral's office after a battle, or Covent Garden 
 market in the morning, ever presented. From this centre 
 of business, where correspondence poured in from all quar- 
 ters, bushels of letters went forth, while cords and tons of 
 documents, circulars, postei's, Avere sent out for distributioji 
 far and Avide. The bulletins indeed and circulars and "ad- 
 A^ance uotices" in connection Avith the festiA'al Avere admi- 
 i-ably contriA'ed to attract attention throughout the State and 
 coimtry. XeAvspapers in the interior everj^A'here gave the 
 celebration groat attention, AA'hile the business men of the 
 city notified their correspondents in cA'cry quarter and invited 
 thousands to i)articipate Avith them in Baltimore's coming 
 jubilee. 
 
 September l."]th the Mayor issued a proclamation to the 
 people, as folloAvs : 
 
 Maa'ok's Office — City Hall, 
 Baltimore, September 13th, 1880. 
 To the Citizens of Baltimore : 
 
 It is proposed to recognize the One Hundred and Fiftieth 
 Anniversary of the founding of Baltimore by a civic festiA^al, 
 commencing on Monday, October lltli, and ending ou tlie 
 evonim: of October I'lth. 
 
MEMORIAL VOIAIME. 37 
 
 I earnestly reciuest all citizens to unite in an effort to make 
 this celebration a success. Let it be creditable alike to the 
 groAvtli and prosperity of our city and the great development 
 of its industries and public enterprise. Let us in tliis way 
 give expression to the pride we feel in the past history and 
 the hopes we entertain for the future of Baltimore. During 
 the festival the people are recpiested, by the decoration of 
 their houses, the liberal display of the national ensign and the 
 erection of triumphal arches, to indicate their full sympathy 
 with its object. Let us invite the friends of Baltimore from a 
 distance to join with us in celebrating its one hundred and 
 fiftieth birthday. 
 
 The first day of the fete will be especially devoted to a dis- 
 play of industrial and manufacturing industries in a proces- 
 sion, in which all trades are invited to join. This will be 
 followed by parades of the military, police and fire depart- 
 ments. The commissioners of the public schools are requested 
 to give evidence of the high estimation in which Baltimore 
 holds free education by some suitable demonstration, in which 
 at least a portion of the 35,000 pupils may take part. The 
 different benevolent orders and societies are invited to join in 
 the parades, and it is hoped that the trustees of the Peabody 
 Institute, the Johns Hopkins University and the Johns Hop- 
 kins Hospital will take some action on this occasion to attract 
 a merited attention to these most noble institutions and to the 
 memory of their munificent donors. 
 
 Ferdinand C. Latrobe, 
 3Iayor. 
 
 This proclamation served very natiu*ally to shape and to 
 stimulate jiublic effort, and it was uttered at precisely the 
 right time to do good. The Historical ^ociety came forward 
 at once and promised the municii)al committee its cordial sup- 
 ixirt and co-operation, and there was a general movement in 
 the same direction among the social and benevolent orders. 
 
 On September 14th the additional Finance Committee, as 
 recommended on September 9th by Mr. Henry C. Smith, was 
 reconstituted and appointed as follows : F. C. Latrobe, Mayor, 
 Wm. H. Graham, chairman, John E. Hurst, John Q. j\.. Herring, 
 
38 MOIOKIAL YULUME. 
 
 Robert Garrett, and Henry A. Parr. Tliis committee ulti- 
 mately became custodian of all the funds raised and appropri- 
 ated for the furthei-auce of the commemoration ceremonies. 
 
 Three days after the appointment of tliis general finance 
 committee a meeting of leading business men Avas held at tlie 
 City Hall, Wm. H. Graham presiding, when it was stated that 
 as it would be necessary to raise §-"jO,()Un to carry out the annl- 
 vei-sary programme the finance committee s]u)uld be enlarged 
 to include representatives of all ti-ades and avocations. It was 
 determined that all money raised should be spent for adver- 
 tising in fifteen different States, for entertaining visitors Avho 
 came in organized bodies, uniformed; for bands of music and 
 other purposes incidental to street parades, &c. 
 
 Chaii-men of finance committees for the several timdes were 
 appointed as follows : wholesale clotliing, J. Friedenwald ; 
 tobacco trade, W. A. Boyd; retail clothing, Lewis Stmsburger; 
 gi'oceries, S. E. Egerton; insm-ance companies and real estate 
 agents, W. J. Montague; grain, H. A. Parr; lime, Frederick 
 Ellenbrook; lawyers, &('.., and nineteenth ward, F. C Slingluff; 
 liquor and brewers, "\Vm. Eckhardt and L. Berner; smoking 
 tobacco, C. Ax; retail dry goods, iVbrahani Nachman; shipping 
 merchants, A. Kummer; wholesale dry goods, J. A. Hurst; 
 boots and shoes, John L. Bigham; china and queenswar(>, 
 George M. Bokee; hide and leather, Thomas Deford; can 
 goods, C. H. Mercer; tinware, M. Ingram; iron and steel and 
 factories, II. J. Keyser; lumber, George F. Sloan; livery stables, 
 Arthur Mann; drugs, glass, paints and oils, C. A. Yogeler; coal, 
 John ^loylan; fertilizers, Wm. H.Cirafilin; bankei-s and brokers, 
 Alexander Frank; railroad and steamboat lines, J. Q. A. Her- 
 ring ; jewelers, W. H. Ilennegen ; drovers and cattle dealers, R. 
 :M. Jones; butchers, Peter Kell; notion dealers, J. L. Sickel; 
 bakei"s and confec^tionei-s, J. H. Mason, Jr. ; hats and caps, 
 Edward Comiolly; flour and feed, II. F. Turner; gas fittei-s and 
 plnmbei's, C. Y. Davidson; furniture, M. H. Banks; provisions 
 and pork, II. Shriver; physicians, Dr. A. Richter, Dr. James 
 Linthicum; tailors, A. Schaelfer; saloons, L. Bemer and J. 
 Hemmeter; shoemakers, Jacol) Bonnet; cabinetmakers, H. 
 Sander; looking-glass frame manufactui'ers, W, Eckhardt; 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 39 
 
 paper, D. W. Glass; ice, W. Abrahams; auctioneers, O. H. Kii-k- 
 laud; hardware trade, Artluir Emory and l*>d\vard T. Jones; for 
 retail trade north of Baltimore street, Adolph Naclimiin and 
 E. G. Hipsley. 
 
 The list of suljscriptions is too long to be enumerated here, 
 and it would perhaps be invidious to single out names in such 
 a connection where the entire community contributed accord- 
 ing to their means, willingly and gladly. Some gave large 
 amounts, many more gave small sums only. The contributors 
 of sums of from one dollar to twenty number hundreds of 
 names. Nearly every head of a family in the city, in addition 
 to the public and advertised subscriptions, was called npon to 
 spend money liberally in the purchase and preparation of 
 decorations, in contributing for illuminating the public parks 
 and squares, in embellishing his own premises and providing 
 for tlie entertainment of guests during the festival week. The 
 sum of this outlay, which of course can only l^e approximately 
 estimated, was very large, and it is in itself the best testimo- 
 nial which could be afforded to the universal interest of the 
 community in the celebration. The entire sum derived from 
 private subscriptions, fii'st and last, aggregated $20,807, and it 
 was thought that this would be c]uite enough, in connection 
 with a municipal appropriation of $10,000 which it was pretty 
 certain would be made, to promote every object of the cele- 
 bration as far as money could do it.* 
 
 One most striking featm-e in comiection with the festival as 
 it approached was the interest manifested in it by Ealti- 
 moreans who were abroad, by former residents or natives of 
 the city. Words of cheer and encouragement from these came 
 from every direction, mingled with tokens of affection and 
 kindly remembrance. Great numbers of invitations were .sent 
 out to persons of this class who, with military and mimicipal 
 organizations of other places, were asked to come on and 
 become guests of the city. There were many comic incidents 
 also in connection with this preparatory period, some ludi- 
 crous contretemps and some not so pleasant manifestations of 
 selfishness and greed. The German Committee on Music 
 found it almost impossible to secure any of the city bands at 
 * A financial statement will be found in the Appendix. 
 
40 MEMOIUAL VOLCmE. 
 
 moderate or the usual figures, prices having been sent up in 
 proportion to tlie anticipated demand. In the matter of vehi- 
 cles, hacks, trucks and horses, there was a short and sharp 
 " corner," of course, and every available hoof in l>altimore and 
 vicinity was hired many days in advance for every day of tJie 
 celebration. 
 
 Mayor Latrobe, an ardent friend of the festival, an ardent 
 worker in its service and an ardent believer in its success 
 from the fii'st, went on to Boston to see how that city cele- 
 brated its Two llundi'ed and Fiftieth Anniversary, in order to 
 get what suggestions he could for the Baltimore celebi-ation. 
 He returned very much pleased, both with what he saw and 
 with the conviction that Baltimore could and would outdo the 
 Boston disi)lay, without the municipality spending so much 
 money upon it. After his return, on September 20th, the City 
 Council met. The Mayor sent in a special message, m-ging 
 that the coming celebration should receive prompt municipal 
 recognition and mcu-al and material aid. In that message the 
 Maj-or said : 
 
 "Gentlemen: Upon the reassembling of your honoi-able 
 body there are some mattei-s to which I desire to call your 
 attention. It seemed to be the public wish that some recog- 
 nition should be taken of the fact that the present year is the 
 150th anniversary of the founding of Btiltimore. With this 
 object the Historical Society of Maryland suggested that there 
 should be a civic celebration of tlie event, and appointed a 
 committee to confer with tlie ISIayor and act with a committee 
 to be appointed by him in taking action in the matter. For 
 awliile nothing further was done in this connection, but, it 
 evidently being the popidar desire that the suggestion of the 
 Historical Society should be carried out, a large and inniien- 
 tial body of our (ierman-American citizens, determining that 
 this desire should be gratified, witli praiseworthy patriotism 
 effected an organization and commenced active preparations 
 for the contemplated celebmtion. 
 
 "Having a])pointed a working committee and selected the 
 Mayor as tlieir lionorary president, I in turn appointed a sub- 
 committee from that first selected to represent the niimici- 
 pality and act in conjunction with the committee appoiuli-d 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 41 
 
 by tlie German-American citizens. Tlie coiiference between 
 tbese committees lias resnlted in a determination to have a 
 civic festival, commencinK on October 11 and ending on tbe 
 IGtli. During the period thus selected it is proposed to liave 
 a demonstration worthy of the event commemorated. That 
 the celebration will be of public benefit I have no doubt. It 
 will thoroughly advertise our city, and by bringing a great 
 many strangers to Baltimore will afford them opportunities 
 for seeing some of its attractions and advantages. It will 
 remind the youth of the rising generation of the honorable 
 history of their native city and awaken a just pride in its 
 record and in the memory of those who have contributed to 
 its greatness and public enterprise. It will enable the people 
 better to realize its prosperity by witnessing a representation 
 of its numerous trades, its public schools, its fire department, 
 its military organizations, its police, its educational institu- 
 tions and its benevolent societies. 
 
 " In the patriotic addresses which will probably be deliv- 
 ered on the occasion the people will have an opportiyiity of 
 hearing how the small tract of sixty acres of land, laid out in 
 lots of "one acre each, in 1730, by Thilip Jones, the then county 
 surveyor, on the banks of the Patapsco, has in 150 years 
 become the great and prosperous community among whose 
 citizens it is our privilege to be numbered. I think the occa- 
 sion and the efforts being made by those gentlemen who have 
 charge of the celebration are worthy of official aid and recog- 
 nition I therefore recommend the appointment of a com- 
 mittee on the part of the City Council, to include the presi- 
 dents of both its branches, which shall co-operate witli the 
 citizens' committees; also the extending of all such other aid 
 and encouragement as may be in the power of your honorable 
 body to make the contemplated celebration a success. 
 
 "Ferdinand C. Lateobe." 
 
 On October 4th the City Council yielded to what appeared 
 to be a public demand which no one would question and 
 appropriated $10,000 as the city's part towards the expenses 
 of the celebration. The lltli of Octol^er was declared a 
 
42 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 municipal liolitlay, and the Mayor's reconinieiidations were 
 fully complied with. Committeeri were appointed represent- 
 ing ])Oth Jn-anches of the Council, as follows : 
 
 Special Cuminittee : M. E. Mooney, chairman, John A. Pob- 
 son, James liroumel. Dr. James P. Thom, John McWilliams, 
 James Toner. Reception (Jommittee : Col. John A. Hobson, 
 cliairnian, John Stewart, I'resident First IJranch, Dr. J. D. 
 riske, Thos. H. Hamilton, 8. E. Atlcinson, Wni. J. Kelly, James 
 St. L. Pei-ry, Joshua Horner, Jr., John M. Cietz, John Meers, 
 John J. Mahon, H. G. Fleddennan, D. G. "\Vrifj:ht, James E. 
 Weaver, John 8. Hogg, Jacob Schenkel, M. Alex. Miller, A. H. 
 Greenfield, President Second Branch, Wm. Stevens, S. E. 
 Clagett, John McWilliams, Dr. D. S. C. Ireland, J. Frank 
 Lewis, J. C. Toner, Pob't A. Poulton, J. F. Weyler. 
 
 For twenty days before the anniversary the details attended 
 to by the blended ]\Iunicii>al and German Executive Commit- 
 tees were almost ovenvhelming. In placing Mr. F. P. Stevens 
 at the head of the iMmiicipal Committee, the Mayor counted 
 npon steadfast energy, and the expectation was not disap- 
 pointed. To Mr. Henry C. Smith were entrusted the varied 
 negotiations with business men and houses. Gen'l James R. 
 Her1)ert's experience as a commander made him valuable for 
 advice as to the best methods of liandling masses of men. It 
 was at liis suggestion that Col. Hemy D. Loney, an experienced 
 officer, was called to the aid of tlie Cliief ^iarshal, Mr. Joseph 
 Kaiber. For his own part, Mr. Kaiber exhiT)ited remarkable 
 administrative faculty. It soon became evident that the first 
 day's procession, in whicli the German Committee AVcas chiefly 
 interested, would be an immense affair, and to classify and 
 systematize all the various elements, and insure imunptness 
 and harmony of movement, was a work demanding the sliill of 
 a general. Mr. Raibei' and his cliief of staff, Col. Loney, proved 
 fnlly equal to the requirement. ^Ir. John T. Ford, by his 
 varied experience as a theati'ical manager, was also a most 
 useful member of the committee, always fertile with timely 
 suggestions. Col. Scharf, secretary of the committee, gave liis 
 whole time to the duty of the hour, and in all departments of 
 the business in hand, rendered most efficient service. The 
 
MKMUKIAL VOIA'.ME. 43 
 
 work of tlie Finance Committee sliows for itself ; but for tlie 
 sacrifice of time, and the activity displayed by these gentle- 
 men there would have been very little of a display. 
 
 One who reads the history of this celebration and the de- 
 scription of the pageants of the six days of the memorable 
 anniversary week may form some idea of the labor of the 
 committees in arranging and classifying the different ele- 
 ments ; in preparing the programmes of the different days ; in 
 laying down the routes of processions; in securing reduced 
 i-ates of travel; in advertising; issuing invitations; attending 
 to the public comfort and taking such precautions beforehand, 
 that all who came should be fed and lodged. To achieve a 
 brilliant success in this latter particular, after the midsummer 
 failure of Cliicago on the occasion of the Knights Templar 
 convocation, was a crowning glory of the Baltimore anniver- 
 sary, where the crowds of strangers were far greater than our 
 sister city of the west had to care for. A department of pub- 
 lic comfort was established at the City Hall, of which Mr. II. 
 W. Eastman was the head, and this department made it easy 
 for all strangers to find respectable accommodations at such 
 moderate rates that not a single complaint was heard dm-ing 
 the festival. 
 
 The duties of the ]\Iayor were increased immensely, and his 
 work was not done when all the preparations were completed, 
 for it afterwards fell to his lot to lead the procession of the 
 first day and then stand five hours to review it, repeating the 
 reviewing formality every day of the week. In company Avith 
 Hon. John L. Thomas, Jr., Collector of the Port and CJcn'l 
 James R. Herbert, the INIayor went to Washington and secured 
 the co-operation of men and ships of the War and Navy Depart- 
 ments, the Navy detailing the steam war vessels Vandalia and 
 Kearsage to come to Baltimore and the War Department issu- 
 ing orders for the participation of the garrison of Fort 
 McHenry in the demonstration. 
 
 By the Gth of October the programmes for every day of 
 anniversary week were arranged and the routes of march laid 
 down. Rev. H. L. Singleton had been appointed to secure the 
 co-operation of all the ministers of religion. Dr. James Gib- 
 bons, Archbishop of Baltimore, requested all the Catholic 
 
44 IMEMoKlAh VOLUME. 
 
 clergymen of liis arclidiocesc, all tlie male benevolent pocie- 
 ties, male parochial hcIiooIs, &e., to participate in the anniver- 
 sary, Avhich they did. The Protestant clergy were ecinally 
 zealons. Sunday, October lOth, the day before the beginning 
 of the civi(^ demonstration, services appropriate to the occasion 
 were conducted in all the churches, and on the Saturday pre- 
 ceding, the event was fully recognized in the Hebrew temples. 
 
 A large meeting of clergymen was held in the armory of 
 the City Hall, Rev. George A. Leakin, presiding, when the 
 following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 
 
 '■Resolved, That we cordially approve of the recommenda- 
 tion of his honor the IMayor to celebrate the 150th anniversary 
 of the founding of our city. 
 
 "Resolved, That we recommend to all ministers to call 
 attention to the occasion on the Lord's day or Sabbath imme- 
 diately preceding the celebration, in any manner that may 
 seem appropriate to them, on which occasion the committee 
 also recommend that a special thanksgiving be rendered to 
 Almighty God for His providential care and favor toward the 
 city during the last 150 years." 
 
 This meeting was attended by the following clergjmien: 
 Revs. George Leeds, J. S. B. Hodges, Peregrine Wroth, J. W. 
 Osborne, Campbell Fair, of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; 
 Revs. J. W. M. Williams, C. C. Bitting and J. T. Craig, of the 
 Baptist Church; Revs. A. B. Cross, George Morrison, G. E. 
 Jones, David J. Beale, John Leyburn, H. I^. Singleton and J. 
 W. Jones, of the l*resbyterian Church; Revs. J. H. Brown, 
 Richard Norris, T>. H. Carroll, Job A. Price, A. W. Courtenay, 
 J. B. Stitt, J. F. Ockerman, L. C. Muller, W. F. Spcakc, J. R. 
 Cadden, J. IT. M. liemon, S. M. Hartsock, J. E. Amos, Thomas 
 L. Ponlson, J. H. Smith, Robert Steele, colored, and J. A. 
 Holmes, colored, of the M. E. Church; Rev. S. K. Cox, of the 
 M. E. Chun-h South ; Rev. J. B. Jones, of the IMethodist Prot- 
 estant Church; Rabbis H. Hochheimer, Benjamin Szold, Dr. 
 Sneeberger and A. Kaiser; Rev. J. T. Rossiter, of the Reformed 
 Church; Rev. J. .\. Barclay, of the lyutheran Church. 
 
 To the Catholics Archbishop Gibbons issued the following 
 circular to be read in the churches on Sunday, October loth: 
 
MEMOUIAL VOLUJFK 45 
 
 " The Catliolics of Baltimore have ah-eady given unmistak- 
 able proofs of their readiness to earnestly co-operate with 
 their fellow-citizens in making the celebration a great suc- 
 cess. This is as it should be, for the approaching festivities 
 will be a most fitting occasion for us to realize the many 
 advantages which we enjoy in this community, to thank God 
 for all His graces, especially for the precious blessing of civil 
 and religious liberty, as well as to honor the memory of those 
 far-seeing men who founded Baltimore, to whose wisdom and 
 moderation its citizens to-day are in a great measure indebted 
 under God, for the freedom and prosperity which they now 
 enjoy." The beneficial and tempei'ance societies and the 
 Catholic Knighthood are to parade on the 14th of October. 
 Men of the several congregations, not members of any society, 
 may parade with them by consent of the officers, if provided 
 with a badge. The clergy will accompany their societies in 
 carriages. The male pupils of the parochial schools will 
 parade on the 12th, Tuesday. The clergy are enjoined to 
 exhort the people " to avoid all excesses while entering into 
 the spirit of the celebration in a manner Avorthy of citizens 
 capable of appreciating tlie many comforts afforded them by 
 the fortunate situation of this city, its commercial prosperity, 
 and the wise laws of the municipality by which it is gov- 
 erned." They should render thanks that " their lot has been 
 cast in such a city, whose inhabitants have witnessed in the 
 past the most interesting events of Catholic history in this 
 country, whose Cathedral may be justly called the mother of 
 all the episcopal sees within the bounds of the United States." 
 He therefore directed that a Te Deum be sung in all the 
 churches after vespers on Sunday, October 17. 
 
 Headquarters for visiting members of the press were 
 secured at Barnum's Hotel and a Press Committee was ap- 
 pointed, whose duty it was to see that all duly accredited 
 journalists should be properly cared for. The committee 
 was as follows : 
 
 Baltimore Sun— A. S. Abell, chairman ; John T. Crow, G. W. 
 Abell, N. E. Foard; American— C. C. Fulton, Felix Agnus, 
 Wm. B. Hazelton, W. B. Clarke; Gazette— W. II. Welsh, C. F. 
 Meany, Wm. H. Cole ; Correspondent— Frederick Baine, Ed- 
 
46 MEMORIAL VOLUMK. 
 
 ward J^eyli, Frederick roliliiieyer; Herald — L. P. D. Newman, 
 James T. Matthews, Joel Miller, T. W. Smith ; Associated 
 Press — C. J. Fox; News — James U. Brewer, E. V. Hermauge, 
 W. P. Meauy; Baltimoreau — A. F. Crutchfield; Telegram — J. 
 T. Iviiiggold; Every Saturday — C. M. Caugliy ; Church News 
 — Kev. Campbell Fair; Episcopal Methodist — Rev. Dr. Sam- 
 uel K. Cox; Jom-ual of Commerce — George U. Porter; Wecker 
 — Wm. Schnauffer ; Underwriter — Charles C. Bombaugh ; Cath- 
 olic Mirror — John B. IMet; Yolks Freund— S. Junger; German 
 Catholic People's Gazette — Mr. Kreuzer ; American Farmer — 
 Samuel Sands; Eiiiscoi^al Register — George Lycett; Live Stock 
 and Poultry Bulletin — Clinton S. Birch ; Maryland Journal, 
 Towsontown — Wm. H. Ruby; ^A'oodberry News — Frank L. 
 Morling; Baltimore County Herald, W. F. Mitchell; Balti- 
 more County Union — H. C. Longnecker; Law Record — Wm. 
 Allen Mitchener; Jledical Journal — Dr. Thomas A. Asliby; In- 
 dependent Practitioner — Harvey L. Byrd; ISIaryland Farmer — 
 Ezra Whitman; Politician — W. ISI. Connolly; Law Record — 
 Robt. H. Hooper; The Tutor— Robt. C. Beer; The Mirror— 
 Dr. John C. King; People's Voice, B. H. Scott; Lidependent 
 Methodist — Rev. C. M. Giffin ; Baltimore IVIethodist — Rev. D. 
 H. Carroll; Methodist Protestant, W. J. C. Dulany. 
 
 Mr. A. S. Abell, chairman of the committee, appointed the 
 following sub-committees to receive and entertain visiting 
 journalists: Monday, October 11th, L. P. D. Newman, Rev. 
 Samuel K. Cox, Charles M. Caughy ; Tuesday, A. S. Abell, F. 
 Raine, C. J. Fox ; Wednesday, C. C. Fulton, Rev. Campbell 
 Fair, A. F. Crutchfield ; Thursday, W. H. Welch, W. J. Gill, 
 George U. Porter; Friday, E. V. Hermange, J. T. Ringgold, 
 \y. M. Schuaiiifer; Saturday, Samuel Sauds, C. C. Bombaugh, 
 J. B. Piet. 
 
CHAPTER THIRD. 
 
 The Decorations of the City. 
 
 IT would require the pencil of a Hogartli and the pen of a 
 Macaulay to mark the difference in Baltimore between 
 the last week in July, 1880, when scarcely any one supposed 
 that the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration would come to any- 
 thing at all, and the last week in September and the fii-st in 
 October, when every citizen was feverishly anxious lest he 
 should not be doing enough, lest his neighbor should outstrip 
 him in endeavors to do honor to the city's anniversary. 
 There never was such an awakening — certainly not in the 
 community of Baltimore at any time in its history. The 
 unaccountable, and, it may be added, unwarrantable apathy 
 of the public was swiftly succeeded by an ecpially unaccount- 
 able activity and restlessness. Tlie poet says truly that all 
 precious things, discovered late, "to those that seek tliem 
 issue forth." Baltimore seemed suddenly to realize how 
 precious and notable its past Avas and that to do it honor was 
 to honor the present ; not to honor it was to prove unworthi- 
 ness. The awakening was as startling as that in the palace 
 of the Sleeping Beauty when the fateful kiss was at last ven- 
 tured upon. " The charm was snapt," 
 
 " And all the long-pent stream of life 
 Dashed downward in a cataract." 
 
 Nothing in the way of hint and suggestion, of quaint remi- 
 niscence and extravagant anticipation, was spared to the 
 different committees. Individuality ran riot and invention 
 put on its contriving cap. There were hundreds of valuable 
 suggestions made to the committee and to the press, along 
 with thousands of imijossible and bizarre recommendations. 
 These things were often full of comedy and farce, but anyhow 
 they showed that the heart of the community was in the cel- 
 ebration. Old relics of every sort were hunted out and fur- 
 
48 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 bi><lie(l up; old letters re-read; old liistories thumbed anew, 
 and finally tlie (quaint .spectacle was witnessed of a business 
 community of 330,000 souls totally absorbed in the study of 
 decorative art. How to embellish Baltimore for its anniver- 
 sary became for more weeks than one the study of the whole 
 commimity, to the neglect often of more important business, 
 and it can be said without exaggeration that the result was a 
 city more fully and beautifully decorated than was ever 
 before seen on the American Continent. 
 
 Consecutive narrative, systematic description, formal pur- 
 suit of names, dates, banners and blazonings would be worse 
 than useless in the attempt to give some idea of the decora- 
 tions of the city. The only way in which a successful repro- 
 duction of the impressions of form and color could be reached 
 would 1)e by surrendering the pen to spontaneous recollection, 
 letting the most pleasing memories direct it whither they 
 will. Some injustice will necessarily be done in this way, 
 but how else can a Memorial Volume be expected to find and 
 follow the clue to a beAvildering labyrinth, the nakedest 
 description of which would require volumes in itself? It is 
 not magnifying the task to say that the ensuing pages of this 
 book could easily be filled with a simple plain description of 
 the way in which our city was decorated for its great anni- 
 versary. Of a total of eighty thousand houses within tlie 
 limits of direct taxation, at least forty thousand were more 
 or less adorned. Of the dwellings, fully tlrirty per cent, were 
 decorated, as were all the business houses in every part of 
 the city. It has been estimated that, in addition to the 
 appropriations and contributions for the public di.-play, 
 which exceeded ^30,000, more tlian a rpiarter of a million 
 of dollars was spent by individual citizens and their families 
 in decorating and illuminating houses and streets. 
 
 This was the form and the manner in which the sentiment 
 and impulse of the community found their fullest aiul freest 
 expression. Th(» patriotic feeling bui-st forth, blushed and 
 effloresced in nnivm'sal badge, in gala hanging and in waving 
 flag. People wrought their love for IJiiltimore in festoons, 
 whicli they stretched athwart the publi(^ ways. They quar- 
 tered tlie arms and the culoi-s i)f llie State niid llie city njion 
 
MEMORLVL VOLUME. 49 
 
 tlieir houses and tlieir bosoms in token of tlieir indefeasible 
 loyalty and warm affection. Some of tlie business liouses 
 began to decorate many days before the date of the celebra- 
 tion, and, by Sunday morning, October 10th, the city Avas 
 fairly aflame with color, many of the leading thoroughfares 
 resembling aisles in some magnificent International Exhibi- 
 tion, some bazar or fair where the wonders and the fabrics of 
 all the world are assembled in lavish profusion, to be grouped 
 and displayed with consummate artistic skill and the perfec- 
 tion of scenic arrangement. 
 
 The principle of the decorations followed was as unique as 
 the profuseness and richness of the materials employed. Tlie 
 public were solicitous to do things not simply well, but better 
 than they had been done elsewhere, and the number of inqui- 
 ries on the subject was endless. A fear existed in the minds 
 of some that an endless replication of the national flag, the 
 national colors, the red, white and blue, would produce a 
 monotonous sameness and tawdriness of effect, and the com- 
 munity was advised that Baltimore could not bo effectively 
 embellished in that way, the deep blue sky, white cornices 
 and red brick houses and pavements already monopolizing 
 these tints. It was suggested that the best sort of contrast 
 would be produced by a liberal use of the colors of the Cal- 
 vert family and of Lord Baltimore, the Oriole orange and 
 velvety black. The suggestion was eagerly and enthusiastic- 
 ally taken up by the community, until Rhode Island calico- 
 printers were simply amazed at the prodigious sudden de- 
 mand upon them for black and yellow bmitings. ^Maryland 
 and Baltimore and Sesqui-Centemiial flags, with the national 
 flags, were produced and sold by millions. These, with ever- 
 greens in great abundance, transparencies, wi'eaths, Chinese 
 lanterns and balloons, combined to give a iieculiar character 
 and an individuality of beauty to the decorations of Balti- 
 more which every stranger and visitor commented upon with 
 delight. 
 
 In truth, the great success of the decorations of Baltimore, 
 their exquisite taste and consummate beauty grew out of the 
 fact that the directing impulse which selected them came 
 from the heart. Genial old Cieorgio Vasari relates that when 
 
50 MEMOHI.VL VOMME. 
 
 Cimabue, the Florentine artist, liad completed liis greatest 
 work, it was an object of so much admiration, "they having 
 never seen anything better," that it was carried in solemn pro- 
 cession, with the sound of trumjiets and other festal demon- 
 slrations, from the house of Cimabue to the church, he him- 
 self being highly rewarded and honored for it. All the men 
 and women of Florence liastened in great crowds to inspect 
 it, making all possible demonstrations of delight, and, adds 
 the hearty chronicler, " the inhabitants of the neighborhood, 
 rejoicing in this oc-currence, ever afterwards called that place 
 Borgo Allegri ; and this name it has ever since retained." So 
 with the decorations for Baltimore's anniversary — they owed 
 their charm and perfection to love more than business, or 
 experience or routine. They sprang into being out of the 
 occasion and the public's sense of its value. There was from 
 the first a rivalry in embellishment as to whose work should 
 be the most perfect and contribute the worthiest frame to 
 tlie coining picture of Baltimore's past and present, the vivid 
 panorania of its industries and its progress, its institutions 
 and its life. As was said at the time, in one of the journals, 
 it was an occasion when the artisan ought to feel himself an 
 artist — "when the city is no longer a dull machine, lumber- 
 ing along on bureaucratic springs, a place where tax-bills, 
 water-rent and gas-bills must be paid, but a real city, which 
 we love because our hands built it, because it has won our 
 
 pride and is jiart of oiu' renown It is a living and 
 
 beloved object, therefore, not an abstract idea, not a mere 
 congeries of bricks and mortar, Avood and stone, which Ave 
 are to decorate, and we want oiu* Baltimore to be adorned 
 like a bride to greet the ceremony done in her honor." This 
 was the spirit and the temper of the people from which such 
 great results were evolved. 
 
 The ^larylaiul colors, intermingled with those of the 
 national flag, imparted throughout a charming variety to the 
 decorations, while materially enhancing their richness. This 
 variety, this unique effect, was supplemented by the sutnp- 
 tuous designs appearing on every side. There was nothing 
 tawdry ncn* commonplace. Even tlie plainest and simplest 
 decorations had the dignity of sjnnbolism and the reserves 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 51 
 
 and the contours of good taste. Every thing had the charm 
 of perfect sincerity about it, and cost never seemed to be 
 counted Avhere an ett'ect could be secured, nor was poverty in 
 the decorator reflected by niggardliness in the design. The 
 orange and black not only harmonized delightfully with the 
 colors that supported and relieved them, but they also lent a 
 peculiar softness and richness to interiors, whether by day- 
 light or by gaslight. 
 
 What pleased, while it surprised every beholder was the 
 universality of the decorations. It was to be expected that 
 the leading thoroughfares and the streets along which the 
 processions were to pass, the public places, monuments and 
 business houses, would be decked forth. But the humblest 
 houses in the most remote and retired streets were equally 
 adorned. One could not look down an alley but long lines of 
 flags were seen waving from the houses, and everywhere it 
 was discovered that a part of the week's hard-earned wages 
 had been devoted to the purchase of flags, Maryland colors, 
 lanterns and evergreens. Every little stoi-e and shop and 
 saloon in the city was more or less emblazoned. There were 
 probably eight or ten miles of streets along which the deco- 
 rations were continuous and scarcely a single front unembel- 
 lished, and in addition to these very nearly one-fourth the 
 houses on streets off the line of procession were more or less 
 elaborately adorned, some of them only wearing the national 
 and Maryland colors, others with their windows and interiors 
 gayly hung, while still others " striped like a zebra, spotted 
 like the pard, " in zealous emulation of the more public 
 streets and business houses. In many cases neighbors com- 
 bined, and stretched lines across the streets and hung their 
 decorations and flags on them. The colors were displayed in 
 the greatest variety of forms and designs — wreaths, rosettes, 
 festoons, hangings, lambrequins, curtains, inside and out. 
 
 The palm was generally conceded to Baltimore street for the 
 extent and wealth of its gala adornment. This thoroughfare, 
 from one end to the other, a distance of several miles, was 
 continuously decorated. Pratt street, from Fremont to Gay 
 street, and Gay street, from one end to the other, Charles 
 street, Hanover street. Sharp street, Howard and Eutaw streets, 
 
52 MEMORIAL VOLOIE. 
 
 Lexinj^ton street, autl various other of the principal business 
 streets, made notable displays. On Ikiltiniore street, however, 
 tlie richness and variety of decoration culminated in a mass 
 oi color, of lluttering, wavinj^ banners and flags, with arches 
 and transijarencies, evergreens and streamers, combining to 
 form a vista such as has seldom been witnessed. From Fre- 
 mont or Poppleton in the west, to Broadway on the east, this 
 scene was sustained thi'oughout with a conii)leteness and con- 
 tinuity of effect perfectly wonderful ; and from either of these 
 extreme points the eye could look west or east over decoi-a- 
 tions beyond them. The bmiting used is not to be reckoned 
 by yards, as it is a positive fact that of the black and yellow 
 alone fully 250 miles were consumed. Thousands of hands 
 worked night and day to bring them into shape. There were 
 also many and elaborate works done with paint and brush, 
 with color and gilt and enamel. Arch succeeded arch, each 
 vaiying in design, each rivalling the other in richness, and all 
 illuminating the occasion which called them forth. Upon 
 this part of the city the most costly embellishments were 
 bestowed, and the scale of the decorations was truly grand. 
 Some store fronts in this part of the city almost realized an 
 artist's dream. They were deftly contrived by artistic uphol- 
 sterers and artists in tlie decorative branches, and wrouglit out 
 with an infinite iiainstaking care which had their reward in 
 the results produced and in the impression made upon the 
 spectators, who could not get their fill of gazing. 
 
 Uoth Satm-day and Sunday preceding the eventful Monday 
 which was to inaugurate the amiiversary celebration were soft 
 and balmy; the sun was warm, the air glowed with languorous 
 brilliancy, and after night an autumn haze wrapped the dim 
 emblazonings in a mystic charm that was most effective. 
 Then the lamps were lighted, the transparencies came out in 
 vivid relief, the illumination began, and hmidi-eds of brilliant 
 windows poured the soft blended glamour of their rich hues 
 upon the eagerly gazing tlu-ongs. A scene almost of enchant- 
 ment ensued, and it was not easy to close one's eyes and open 
 them again with the consciousness of being in Baltimore 
 ratli(>r than in Aladdin's palace or the garden of llaroun 
 Alraschid. Here and there flashed the piercing beam of the 
 
MEMOKIAL VOIA'ME. 53 
 
 electric light, casting sliadows deep as suuliglit; here was a 
 tlieatre glowing in the claret-colored radiance of a glass chan- 
 delier like a great bunch of ripe currants ; there an arch shone 
 like marble in the glare of gaslight. Building after building 
 showed its entire front ablaze with profuse illuminations, gas- 
 burner linked to burner, colored lami) by colored lamp, and 
 endless festoons of gaudy Chinese lanterns, each casting its 
 soft ray. File after file of carriages poured in endless proces- 
 sion, each with its group of merry faces like wedding guests. 
 The tops of omnibuses and the platforms and windows of 
 street cars were laden with men cheering each conspicuous 
 decoration, all hapi^y, enthusiastic, patriotic. The streets 
 themselves were packed with tlu'ongs, thi'ough which the 
 vehicles could scarcely make their Avay. It was indeed an 
 imposing and exhilarating scene — such a scene as Baltimore 
 certainly never witnessed before. 
 
 On Saturday night tlie whole area of liexington market was 
 a spectacle of rare and exquisite brilliancy. Here were to be 
 seen, epitomized in the space of its several squares, all the 
 best and richest effects of decoration, all the charms of color 
 and design, set forth to catch the spectator's eye under an illu- 
 mination bright as day. Hanover-street, Cross-street, Centre 
 and Point, as well as Belair, Richmond, Hollins-street and 
 Lafayette markets, were also profusely decorated. For once 
 people came to market to see rather than to buy, and the 
 hucksters and butchers were so proud of their rich and gaudy 
 bazar that they were quite willing to stand by witli smiling 
 faces and let spectators look their fill. 
 
 In the opinion of many but one night scene surpassed the 
 brilliancy of Lexington market, and that was to be had looking 
 down Baltimore street from Eutaw. Here, through the vista 
 of the arches, the avenue stretched in the glow of waving 
 color, in the blaze and glory of the illumination, in the multi- 
 tudinous tinting of orange and vermillion, gilt and silver, like 
 the realization of one of those " transformation scenes " Avhich 
 now and then are given upon the stage. It was indeed a 
 magic effect of blazonry and color, of crystal gleam and corus^ 
 eating light, to which the drooping motion of banners and the 
 ceaseless energy and vivacity of the crowd lent grace and life 
 
54 MEMOIMAI. VDIA'ME. 
 
 aufl action. Sucla scenes are too .seldom seen not to impress 
 tliemselves vividly upon the memory, bnt in Kiltimore they 
 were repeated with increasing effect during every night of the 
 anniversary week. 
 
 It is hardly an exaggeration to say that Snnday was wholly 
 given np to the anniversary and the thoughts suggested by 
 that event. In the churches it was the nearly universal theme 
 of all the puliiits, without respect to creed. Never before in 
 the historj^ of the city can it be remembered when the streets 
 were so thronged with people and equipages on the Lord's 
 Day as on this occasion. The tide of population poured out 
 into the thoroughfares early in the morning, and the current 
 swelled every hour, culminating in the afternoon, when, on 
 Baltimore street, the sidewalks were blocked by dense and 
 steadily moving columns of people, and both sides of the car 
 tracks were crowded with vehicles proceeding at a snail's pace 
 from Poppleton street to Broadway. To say that eighty thou- 
 sand people were on Baltimore street Avould hardly give an 
 idea of the vast multitude of well-dressed men, women and 
 children who were out enjoying the charming weather and 
 the beautiful scene presented by the decorations. At night 
 again there was a repetition in part of the brilliancy of the 
 previous evening, and electric lights displayed at various 
 lioints shed the lustre of day on all surrounding objects. 
 
 To consider the details of these decorations is to essay a 
 labyrinth, to enter a wilderness almost pathless. Yet some- 
 thing must be said of the more conspicuous and prominent 
 features of the great display. The quadrangular arch at the 
 corner of Baltimore and Howard streets would naturally have 
 first caught the spectator's eye from its size and the com- 
 manding iiosition it occupied. This arch cost §1,500. The 
 subscribers who erected it were the following firms : Daniel 
 Miller S: Co., Darby it Co., Robert Garrett it Sons, Prior A 
 Hilgenberg, Young, Kimmell it Diggs, John A. Horner ifc Co., 
 Hogge it Koch, W. J. C. Dulany it Co., Carroll, .\dams it Co., 
 AVilliam Devries it Co., Stevenson & SlinglufF, Bruff, Faulkner 
 it Co., Phillips Bros, it Co., Faust it Hohman, J. Whitehill & 
 Co., Penniman it Bro., Frank it Ilammerslough, T. A. Bryan 
 it Co D, F. Ilaynes it Co., C.eorge B. CofFroth it Co., Slingluff 
 
MEMOniAL VOLOIE. 55 
 
 & Co., Day, Jones & Co., J. Leopold & Co., Henry W. Rogers, 
 Heniy Rieman & Sons, H. G. Fledderman, B. F. Beimett. 
 
 This arch fronted thirty-five feet on Baltimore street and 
 forty-five feet on Howard street, its height being thirty feet 
 to the ceiling of the arch, with thirty feet more to the top of 
 the flagstaff. It was handsomely and artistically decorated 
 with scroll work and paneling, the national colors being 
 alternated with the orange and black of Maryland. The 
 names of the merchants who erected it were inscribed on 
 fovir large banners, facing each approach. The mottoes in- 
 scribed on this ornate arch, which was illuminated at night 
 with electric and calcium lights, were selected from signifi- 
 cant words of i^rominent Baltimoreans. On the north side : 
 "Our Flag was Still There." — Francis Scott Key. "What 
 Hath God Wrought ! " — first telegraphic message from Balti- 
 more to Washington. South side : " I Never Received from 
 the Citizens of Baltimore Anything but Kindness, Hospitality 
 and Consideration." — George Peabody. East side: "Every 
 Mountain sent its Rills, every Valley its Stream, and lo! 
 the Avalanche of the People is Here." — J. V. L. McMahon. 
 W'est side : " Industry the Means, Plenty the Result." — Lord 
 Baltimore's motto. "The Best of Prophets for the Future 
 is the Past." — D. C. Gilman. "George Peabody, 1815-1805; 
 Johns Hopkins, 1812-1873." 
 
 The arch erected by the Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, 
 on Baltimore street near Sharj) street, was very beautiful and 
 attracted great attention. It commemorated the progress of 
 the shoe and leather trade from 1730 to 1880, signalizing the 
 advancement with appropriate emblematic designs and mot- 
 toes. This arch, with a span of thirty-nine feet, was con- 
 verted at night into a mass of liquid light by means of chords 
 of gas jets with innumerable burners, and its graceful lines 
 and vivid illuminating effects won constant admiration for it. 
 It was built upon the order of the Shoe and Leather Board of 
 Trade, Henry C. Smith, President, the building committee 
 being INIessrs. T. J. IMagruder, Thomas Deford, H. C. Larrabee, 
 Charles Heiser and J. Ross Diggs. 
 
 Another handsome arch was erected by nieniiants at the 
 intersection of German street with Sliarp street. A fine vista 
 
5G .AIK.MORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 of approach to this arch, botli from Lombard and Baltimore 
 streets, was contrived by means of strings and festoons of 
 flags woven from house to liouse across the street. The arch 
 formed a fitting gateway for this vestibule. It .spanned thirty 
 feet, rose fifty feet in the air and was decorated with the 
 State and national colors in a chequered pattern, with a])pro- 
 priate emblems. 
 
 Tliere was an arch spanning Pratt street near Light, from 
 the Maltby House across to Jas. D. Mason tt Co.'s warehouse. 
 Tliis was thirty-two feet high and forty-two feet wide, with 
 elaborate decorations, masses of blended color, speai'-heads 
 and trumpets, stars and columns. The arch rested upon the 
 site of the old Baltimore and Ohio depot, whence Morse's 
 experimental telegraph line started. The hardware firms of 
 8outli Charles street erected an arch and stand across that 
 street where it ijitersects Ualtimore street, the object being to 
 put up an ornamental gallery for the use of the families of 
 those wlio built it. This decorated gallery harmonized very 
 well with the general ornamentation of the street, and 
 afforded seats and a view of all that was passing, to two 
 hundred persons. Its decorations were liorseshoe medallions 
 and the flags of various nationalities. 
 
 At the intei"section of Park and Lexington streets a double 
 arch M'as thrown over the streets. Pillars four feet square 
 were built on each street comer, terminating in pyramidal 
 points. From these pillars, half way up, started arches, cros- 
 sing each other over the centre of the intersecting streets. 
 The pillars were triimiied witli black and orange, and from 
 each pyramid floated an American flag and an orange and 
 black burgee. Stai"s, shields and rosettes of various hues dec- 
 orated the sides of the pillars, which rose to a height of 
 twenty-five feet. The arch was trimmed with broad bands of 
 oi-iinge and black, wliite, with oi-ange and black drapery and 
 festooned flags. Depending fi-om the centre of tlie arch was a 
 Tkiltimore oriole of large size. Th(> whole was illuminated 
 with Chinese lanterns. 
 
 'I'lie finMucMi of Engine Comjiany Xo. 7, on Eutaw street, at 
 tlic jmictioii with Druid Hill avenue, erected a handsome arch, 
 over the key-stone of which was a representation of the I^ittle 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. •>/ 
 
 monument. On top of tlie abutments were figures represent- 
 in^ the firemen of the old and the new systems. The arch 
 w^s twenty-eitrht feet high in the clear, with forty-two feet 
 span The abutments were twenty-two feet high and three 
 feet square, covered with wreaths and shields. Ninety gas 
 jets in colored shades, and sixty Chinese lanterns illuminated 
 the 'structure at night. There was also a large gas-burnmg 
 chandelier hanging from the centre of the arch, while flags m- 
 numerable were festooned or fluttered among the other orna- 
 ments of the structure. 
 
 A handsome arch also spanned North Charles street, near 
 Barnet street, between the establishments of Hiss & Co. and 
 Myers & Hedian. This arch was twenty-eight feet from 
 ground to top of bend of arch, and twenty-five feet in the 
 clear The pillars were four feet square, trimmed with omnge, 
 black and red, and festooned and twined with American fiags. 
 The structure was a bouquet of rich and artistic colors, black 
 and shades of orange and red predominating. Stripes of 
 orange black and red ran up the pillars, and over the centre 
 was a Baltimore shield, with coat of arms and shields on 
 other parts of the bend. Maryland colors graced the centre 
 and extreme ends of the arch, while numberless small Ameri- 
 can flags depended from it in a tasteful manner. The con- 
 cavity of the arch was filled with evergreens, loose bands of 
 black and orange colors and Chinese lanterns. A little fur- 
 ther on the Knights Templar built several arches, emblazoned 
 with crosses and other insignia of their order, in front of the 
 Masonic Temple entrances, which were illuminated at night 
 as transparencies, making a handsome display. 
 
 One of the finest arches, and probably the widest .span in 
 the city, was at Broadway and East Baltimore street, extend- 
 ino- from the southeast corner of the Broadway reservations to 
 the southwest corner of Baltimore street, so that it presented 
 equally good views on both streets. The arch was thirty feet 
 high, resting on pillars extending considerably above the 
 ends 'of the arch. The arch was covered with black above and 
 yellow beneath, and the sides with red, white and blue colors. 
 The ornamentation was very fine, an eagle being over the 
 centre and shields of Maryland, the United States and other 
 
58 MKMOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 emblems placed on tlie sides. The pillars \rere covered with 
 United States colors to the ends of the arch, and above with 
 black and yellow. Over the centre, gas jets formed the figures 
 100; over the riglit pillar, the figures 17;>(), and over the left 
 1880. Numerous flags of all kinds were also placed on the 
 arch, the whole having a very fine effect. 
 
 An arch at ICast Baltimore and Washington stro(>ts was also 
 beautifully decorated with Maryland and Ujiited States colors. 
 A large national flag waved over the centre of the span, and 
 each side of the arch was hung with colored di-apery arranged 
 in festoon.s. All the arches and various other special decora- 
 tions were photographed by those interested in these works, 
 to preserve as mementoes. 
 
 At the intersection of Ploward, Liberty and liOmbard streets, 
 one of the business thoroughfares of Baltimore, was reared a 
 fac simile of the obelisk known as Cleopatra's needle, recently 
 brought from Egj'pt to New York, to which city it was pre- 
 sented by Ismail Pasha, late Khedive of Egypt. The fac 
 simile, with hierogljidis all accurately pictured forth, was 
 erected by ijrominent merchants on Lombard and Howard 
 streets, and the idea of its erection is creditable to its origi- 
 nator. It cost a round sum ; it was one of the marked features 
 of the celebi-ation, and attracted throughout its construction 
 large and interested crowds. It was constructed of wood, 
 covered with canvas. The canvas was painted the exact 
 color of the stone obelisk, and the original hieroglyphics 
 faithfully copied in size and configuration. The height of the 
 structure was eiglity feet; seven feet foui' inches square at its 
 base, tapering to three and one-half feet at its apex. It was 
 mounted on four separate blocks aggregating tliirteen feet in 
 height. The first base was six feet eleven inches high, nine 
 feet square; second base, four feet high, twelve feet square; 
 third base, two feet high, sixteen feet square; fom-th base, one 
 foot high and sixteen feet square. A rope twenty-six feet 
 was stretched around it, decorated with Baltimore, Maryland 
 and national colors. It was illuminated every night with 
 Egjqitian fire. Special policemen, day and night, were de- 
 tailed to keej) the ])(>ople from chipping off relics. Thousands 
 of pieces of the canvas remnants were given away by the 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 59 
 
 Avorkiiien and in some cases sold. The police and workmen 
 Avere worried almost to exliaustion by the pertinacity of 
 seekers after information regarding the strange monument. 
 
 The illustrations which accompany this volume are meant 
 to give a better idea of these various objects than can possi- 
 bly be presented by any collocation of words. No words can 
 make a picture or give the graphic sense of form which is 
 needed in such cases. It is greatly to be regretted that even 
 these illustrations, accurate and spirited as they are, can con- 
 vey no notion of the bewildering wealth and dazzling har- 
 mony of color which contributed so much to the effect of the 
 whole entrancing spectacle. 
 
 All the public buildings of the city, including the City 
 Hall, engine houses, school houses, market houses, postoffice, 
 custom house, court houses,* police stations and the monu- 
 ments, as well as all the public squares and reservations, 
 were more or less decorated, some of them elaborately orna- 
 mented. First of all, as the centre of operations, and the 
 headquarters of the Mayor and Executive Committees, should 
 be mentioned the City Hall, the front of Avhich on Hollidcay 
 street was tastefully decorated with bunting, and a grand 
 stand capable of holding several hundred people was built 
 out from the porch to the cui'bstone. It Avas on this stand 
 that the Mayor, Gen. F. C. Latrobe, stood and reviewed all 
 the various processions of the anniversary Aveek as they 
 passed by saluting his Honor. 
 
 By direction of Collector John L. Thomas, Jr., custodian of 
 public buildings, the custom house, postofBce, public store- 
 house and United States court house were plentifully be- 
 decked with bunting, flags, Ac. The custom house displayed, 
 besides the American national flag and revenue flags, thirty- 
 seven flags of different nations, signal flags, stringers of stars 
 and stripes. Union jacks, lighthouse flags, all inter.spersed 
 witli orange and black, red, white and blue and fields of stars. 
 On the Second street side the American colors were conjoined, 
 with fine engravings of Lincoln, Grant, Hayes and Sherman. 
 The dome was decorated in a neat manner, the orange and 
 black, and red, white and blue showing to advantage at that 
 great height. At the United States court house the bases of 
 
60 MEMORIAL YOLOIE. 
 
 the second and third stories were trimmed with fohls of black 
 and oKinj,a', to which the stars and stripes and national ensigns 
 lent a good effect. 
 
 In decorating the Marj-land Institute, which for the tliird of 
 a century has held a place of the fii-st importance in the com- 
 munity as a centre of industrial development, the designs were 
 in keeping with the character of the institution. Over the 
 doorway on Baltimore street was a double life-size bust of 
 Lord Baltimore, by J. II. D. Henning, a young Baltimore 
 sculptor and a teacher in the Institute School of Design. On 
 the right side of the front a workman's arm tyiiified the 
 mechanical designs of the Institute, and opposite, on the left, 
 a picture of Minerva represented the fuie arts. A large shield 
 in the centre, bearing the coat-of-arms of Maryland, was sur- 
 momited by the word "^^'elcome" and a large eagle. Black 
 and gold, red, white and blue, ^Vmerican flags, streamei-s, 
 wreaths, hung from the clock tower, the windows and other 
 points, and in fact, were displayed all over the building. 
 
 On Xorth Howard street above Franklin street, a cluster of 
 public buildings of Ih'st imi)ortance in the community was 
 conspicuous for the tastefulness of their ornamentation. 
 These buildings, adjoiniiig each other, comprise the swim- 
 ming school, the Academy of ]\Iusic, Baltimore City College, 
 and Johns llojikins University. Flags and other decorations, 
 inscriptions, emblazonry, arms and other devices, created a 
 succession of surprises for the spectator. In the beautiful 
 grounds of the Hopkins institution, Avhere the grass is always 
 green and flower-beds bloom with rare i>lants, arches were 
 erected over the garden walks, on which were inscribed the 
 names of three of the greatest of modern benefactoi's of 
 science, "Peabody, Johns Hopkins and Smithson;" and the 
 mottoes " Veritas Vos Liberabit;" "Let Knowledge Grow from 
 More to More." 
 
 AVhile all of the many public school buildings belonging to 
 the city were decorated, none displayed any especial features. 
 The female high schools, the large grammar schools and the 
 Baltimore-street Englisli-German school Avere most conspicu- 
 ous. 'l'lu> State Normal Scliool, corner of Townsend street and 
 Carrollton avemie. Prof. M. A. Newell, principal, was liand- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 61 
 
 somely decorated. From every point in the iron work wliicli 
 covers tlie roof and cornice, flags were flying. Over the front 
 door, on an orange field in black letters, was the name of the 
 school, and the whole was bordered by the national colore, 
 making a pleasant contrast. In front, over the large bow win- 
 dow, was a handsome painting of the coat-of-arms of I\Iary- 
 land, surmounted by Baltimore colors, with large American 
 flags on either side. The tower was also appropriately trimmed 
 with flags and streamers of the popular colors. 
 
 The Grand Opera House of Mr. John T. Ford, on Fayette 
 street, near Eutaw street, was profusely decorated with bunt- 
 ing from top to bottom. A shield and the name "Ford's" 
 were displayed at night in brilliant red lights. In addition to 
 the colors of Maryland and the Union, Mr. Ford employed 
 very successfully in the ornamentation of the theatre, trailing 
 Spanish moss brought from the cypress swamps of the South, 
 and cotton balls from the same section. Holliday Street 
 Theatre had, among other decorations, the coat-of-arms of Bal- 
 timore and the portraits of dramatists, composers and actors. 
 The front of ]Monumental Theatre, at the bridge on Baltimore 
 street, was covered with gas jets in colored shades. Old Front 
 Street Theatre was handsomely trimmed Avith evergi-eens and 
 flags. Concordia Opera House, on South Eutaw street, was 
 covered with bunting. 
 
 The various leading hotels, which naturally had a lively 
 material interest in a festival that filled them with guests 
 from cellar to garret, vied with one another in the elaboi-ate- 
 ness of their ornamentation. The balconies at Barnum's, 
 where the headquarters of the visiting newspaper folks had 
 been established, fluttered with bunting and flags; shields 
 held every coign of vantage, and the whole place beamed 
 " welcome." Guy's, Pepper's, Rennert's, the IMaltby, the Man- 
 sion House, were all elaborately decked forth, ea(;h house 
 having some distinctive feature in its ornamentation that in- 
 dividualized it from the rest. The Carrollton bore an immense 
 painting of the coat-of-arms of Charles Carroll of Carrollton; 
 the iNIaltby hung its verandahs with portraits of Continental 
 soldiers, with a Goddess of Liberty to mount guard over them ; 
 the Eutaw, besides most elaborate decorations in every jiart. 
 
62 ME.MUKLVL VOL I' .ME. 
 
 liucl a group of .statuaiy over the main entrance — the statue 
 of Johns Hopkins, flanked by a bust of Xatlian R. Smith on 
 the riirht and one of Roger B. Taney on the left. 
 
 The residence of the Catholic Archbishop of Baltimore, on 
 Xortli Charles street, was literally covered with graceful and 
 artistic decorations, a combination of the colors of the Union 
 and of Maryland. The chm-ch and seminary of the Snlpicians, 
 on North Raca street, was most elaborately decorated through- 
 out its vast extent, flags and streamers waving high above the 
 lordly trees that stand everywhere in its grounds. Many 
 otlii-r churclies of various faiths were decorated. 
 
 Of tlie fire engine houses, of which there are thirteen, it 
 would be almost invidious to specify any particularly, where 
 all were so handsomely decorated. It should be mentioned, 
 however, that No. 2 Engine House, on Barre street. South Bal- 
 timore, kei)t alive the memories of the i)ast and the old volun- 
 teer system, by displaying a printed copy of the " Articles for 
 the Govermneut of the Commercial Fire Company of Balti- 
 more, January 1st, 1792." One of the articles specifies that 
 each member of the company shall keep his "bucket" hanging 
 in his residence near his front door. Of the sixty names ap- 
 pended to the articles only two of them boast of "middle 
 names" or initials — Otho H. "Williams and Andrew S. Ennalls. 
 Among the other names were Tliomas Hollingsworth, Andrew 
 Buchanan, Archibald Campbell, Robert McKim, John Merry- 
 man and Robert Gilmor. For decorating the station houses 
 the policemen contributed generously, and their work in 
 ,several cases, especially in Northwest and South Baltimore, 
 was veiy fine. Of the public squares and reservations I'rank- 
 lin Square had elaboiutely decorated arches at each of the 
 four comei-s and midway between each with central ornamen- 
 tation about the pagoda. Of ten thousand dollars appropri- 
 ated l)y the city towards the proper ornamentation of city 
 buildings, ttc, distribution of the fund was made as follows: 
 
 City Hall, §2,200; Washington ^[onument, §2-')(); Battle Mon- 
 ument, §200; Wells and McComas, §150; squares — Harlem, 
 §2oO; X^nion, §12o; Lafayette, §12r,; Perkins, §12.5; Franklin, 
 §12"); Riverside and Federal, §500; Eastern Fountain, §12-5; 
 Madison, §150; Patterson Park, §300; Eutaw Place, §250; 
 
MEMORLVL VOLUME. 63 
 
 Broadway, $250; Greene and Lombard streets, $50— total, 
 $5,175. 
 
 "Wasliington Monument was strikingly decorated, cables 
 being carried across from the summit of the shaft to the four 
 adjoining corners of jNIount Yernon Place, each cable beino- 
 strung its whole length with flags. The entrances had each a 
 State coat-of-arms over them ; the pediment and capital of the 
 shaft were made luminous with starry gas jets, and at night, 
 from each the great salvers at the base, a stream of red iiitchy 
 flame was poured forth, their flickering bringing out the ex- 
 quisite proportions of the gigantic shaft in wierd, uncertain, 
 beautiful relief. The Battle Jlonument, with no ornaments 
 but gas jets studded around its most expressive lines, was at 
 night a spectacle of glory for all. The Wells and McComas 
 Monument, at the intersection of Aisquith and Gay streets, 
 was overarched with decorations and di-aperies, flag, shield, 
 lantern and bunting, in tasteful coml)ination. 
 
 To undertake to mention all the business houses which put 
 on the black and orange and the more vivid colors of the 
 national flag would be simply a republication of the city 
 directory. To enumerate even those whose decorations were 
 conspicuous would fill a good-sized volume. Certainly it 
 would demand more space than is allowed us here, and indeed 
 there is no need to do more than to select one or two objects 
 of comment from, the mass of elegant display. It was a great 
 feature of many business house decorations, that temporary 
 balconies, to be used for seeing the processions of the week, 
 were so beautifully draped with colors that they proved to be 
 most beautiful ornaments, especially when filled with ladies. 
 These temporary balconies, hung with rich cloths and covered 
 with di-apery, were as beautiful as proscenium boxes in a 
 theatre. In ornamenting the Noah "Walker building, the dec- 
 orative artist, Mr. George A. Gardner, surrounded Washing- 
 ton's statue on the front of the house with a field of blue satin 
 spangled with silver stars, the whole bordered with black and 
 orange, and illuminated at night with calcium lights. The 
 fronts of Hurst, Purnell & Co. and Armstrong, Cator & Co. 
 were so covered with gas jets that at night, when lighted, the 
 buildings seemed to be on fire and blazing at every window. 
 
64 MKMOIUAL VOLUME. 
 
 Soutli lialtiiiiore was conspicuous for its general decoration 
 of dwelling, as well as business houses. In Teach alley, Plum 
 alley and other humble localities, which are inhabited by 
 workers in oyster and fruit-packing houses and fertilizer 
 establishments, the denizens seemed to be filled with a desire 
 to manifest a commendable pride in the growth and glory of 
 Pjjxltimore. Many of these people are colored, were born and 
 reared in the city. The dwellings scattered along the line of 
 Fort avenue as far down as the lead works, as well as the 
 homes of the workmen on Locust Point, hung out banners and 
 gave other tokens of joining in the general joy. Many hard- 
 working }nen, and hundreds of laborious mothers and sons 
 and daughters, who count their market money by nickels and 
 by coppers, made sacrifices on Saturday night, in order that 
 their love of the good old city might find expression in a few 
 flags and banners. 
 
 In iShakspeare street. East Baltimore, near Broadway, where 
 AVm. Fell's remains are buried, the spot was marked by a 
 suitable inscription and decoi-ated with emblematic devices. 
 
 No feature of all connected with the decorations of the city, 
 public and private, was more satisfactoiy than the lionesty 
 and sincerity of purpose which characterized them, the loy- 
 alty to the plan of doing as much honor to Baltimore as could 
 be done in the way of outward show and semblance. The 
 only emulation and rivalry that were noticeable Avere in the 
 line of this steadfast endeavor to make an honest and credit- 
 able show for J?altimore, and tliere Avas something almost 
 pathetic in the little feeble attempts at embellishment which 
 even the very poor would not stint, though in many cases it 
 must have cost them the price of a loaf which they could not 
 very comfortably spare. 
 
CHAPTER FOURTH. 
 
 The First Day's Pageant. 
 
 OCTOBER lltli, LSSO, tlie day wliieli beheld tlio inaugura- 
 tion of Baltimore's great festival in lienor of the one 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the city, 
 will always deserve singular remembrance on this account, 
 that, while no day was ever more anxiously toiled for and 
 expected by a great population, no day ever rewarded those 
 toils more generously or repaid anticipation with more lavish 
 interest. The utmo.st hopes of the sanguine were trans- 
 cended, the forebodings of the most desponding strangled in 
 the egg. Never did hard and honest labor bear larger fruit; 
 never had great city a greater pageant to its honor. At the 
 distance in time of nearly a year from these events and with 
 the desire to express dispassionate, calm and historical judg- 
 ment, we must still pronounce the commemorative and indus- 
 trial procession of October 11th, with which Baltimore's 
 amiiversary festival was inaugurated, as being not only the 
 most signal thing ever done in this city, but as also probably 
 the most complete, significant and effective spectacle of the 
 sort ever had in the United States. 
 
 To give an idea of the pageant to one who missed seeing it 
 would require for them to imagine nearly the whole contents 
 of the great Philadelphia Exposition put on wheels, mounted 
 in cars and wagons and drawn through the elaborately deco- 
 rated streets which have been described, attended by crowds 
 as great as those that assembled in the Quaker City on any 
 of the most memorable days of that national fete. For a 
 city having the reputation of being deficient in industrial 
 resources and the products of manufacture and the mechanic 
 arts, the display Avas without parallel and its success was 
 altogether phenomenal. 
 
66 MEMORIAL VOFAME. 
 
 People botraii to prepare early in the moruing for an event 
 Avliicli tliey knew woukl be monientons. Even before the 
 (lawn had painted with tints of Maryland orange the black 
 horizon of a dewy night, the streets became niunniirous with 
 premonitions of the coming spectacle. By the time the sun- 
 rise salute of big guns was fired from Fort McHenry and 
 from the war ships in the harbor, nearly all the population 
 was up and di-essing, and long before eight o'clock throngs 
 could be seen hurrying from every direction and in every 
 street towards points on the line of procession, while vehicles 
 of every sort and staff officers and people took the direction 
 of the starting point in numbers which obstructed passage 
 aiul made it almost hazardous to cross the streets. At nine 
 o'clock, along eight miles of streets, packing the pavements 
 and doorways impenetrably, and obstructing the carriage- 
 ways to tlie very car tracks, burthening platforms and bal- 
 conies till they groaned beneath the weight of mortality, 
 crowding every windoAv, high and low, and hanging to roofs 
 and cornices, awning and telegraph posts like bees in swarm- 
 ing time, the multitude of men, women and children waited 
 for the grand display in cheerful expectation, while the buzz 
 of talk grew with the reduplication of multitudinous voices 
 into a roar like that which one hears in approaching some 
 great cataract. The crowd was good tempered, given to 
 laughter upon small provocation, enjoying itself and making 
 itself comfortable in spite of much elboMing and the tedium 
 of long "waits." It took much pleasure in good-natured 
 clinffing, and broke into hearty cheering at sight of anything 
 that pleased or amused it; was sociable, considerate, hospit- 
 able. As for its patriotism, its Baltimore spirit, these Avere 
 manifest in every face, and the dress of nearly every person 
 not a stranger was embellished with some touch of Maryland 
 colors. 
 
 The great procession formed on Broadway, and the ample 
 space of that noble thoroughfare, from Fell's Point to Balti- 
 more street, was cleared so as to give room for tlie deploying 
 of the column. Outside this reserved area the pavements 
 were packed with people and every window of the surnuind- 
 ing houses thronged with spectators. The police arrange- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 67 
 
 iiieiits at this focal ]ioiiit, under tlio rliarge of Deputy Marshal 
 Jacob Frey and two hundred and fifty policemen, were excel- 
 lent and complete. The ten divisions in which the procession 
 marched formed on the side streets intersecting Broadway, 
 and great order and promptitude were manifested in getting 
 the vast and complicated machinery under way. This ma- 
 chinery comprehended not less than two thousand vehicles, 
 ten thousand horses and thirty thousand persons in the line. 
 That line had to thread a long and devious way through fully 
 300,000 spectators, of whom 80,000 were strangers. It was not 
 to be expected that in the handling of such a vast body as 
 comi)osed this procession mistakes would not occur. There 
 were some mistakes, some blunders, some transpositions in 
 the line, but nothing which injured its substantial order and 
 symmetry, and it was surprising that the start could have 
 been made, as it was, promptly upon time; that the system 
 and design of the larocession and the relative rank governing 
 its distribution should have been so well kept, and that the 
 alignment was not materially broken at tlie end of many 
 miles of hot marching. It was a line stretched through eight 
 miles of multitudinous spectators. It took the procession 
 five mortal hours to pass a given point, and, when the head 
 of the column was already filing into the Schuetzen Park, on 
 the Belair road, where the ceremonies of instauration and 
 speaking were ready to begin, the rear of the tenth division 
 had not yet been able to fall into the line of march on 
 Broadway. 
 
 The crowd of spectators Avas worth looking at. Baltimore 
 street, from Broadway westward, was crammed with people. 
 As far as the eye could reach, on both sides the street, the 
 sea of faces was unbroken. Every house flaunting with the 
 gayest colors; every Avindow full; j-oofs swarming with people 
 and temporary balconies everywhere a bouquet of eager faces. 
 In many places the fronts of the houses were so overloaded 
 with spectators that it seemed like a wonder their timbers 
 could bear the strain. Every vacant lot, every church-front, 
 eacli portico and open space, even to church-yards and ceme- 
 teries, was seized upon for " stands," and from these terraces 
 
()8 MK.MOHIAL VOLLMH:. 
 
 the spoctatoi-s' faces rose in serried rows like tlie tliroiiirs in 
 the Hoinaii Coliseum during;: a ^hidiator's show. 
 
 To those in tlie coluiuii of march it was a most iiisi)iritiiig 
 profjrressioii. Tliey felt convinced, old denizens tliouyrh they 
 were, that they had never seen Baltimore before. No such 
 multitudes liad ever gathered on these streets, no such miles 
 of welcoming cheers ever laefore rang out, no such palpitating 
 masses of liumanity had ever done honor in the past to any 
 of Baltimore's occasions. To those who stood among the 
 .spectators the scene was fully as startling and exhilarating. 
 Band after band, spectacle after spectacle, vehicle behind 
 vehicle, squadrons of horsemen and footmen in platoons, in 
 companies, in battalions, in regiments and brigades, filed 
 unceasing and untiring by, until the wondering observer who 
 saw all Baltimore on the streets around him, rubbed his eyes 
 to rid himself of the illusion that still another Baltimore was 
 not marching by before him. Great and glorious as the pro- 
 cession was, it dwindled in the presence of the mighty 
 throngs of pei"sons gathered to do it honor. How decent and 
 comely all these multitudes were, too; hoAV sober and how 
 well behaved; how glad, how appreciative,' how enthusiastic, 
 how swift to cheer what pleased their eyes and how slow to 
 leave off cheering! 
 
 It Avould be difficult to select out any especially notable 
 features in a scene the entire ensemble of which was unique, 
 distingui.shed and noble. All were peculiarly impressed, in 
 respect to the procession itself, Avith the solidity of the 
 masses of men marching forward like a river, with the 
 variety and number of industries exhibited in action and in 
 their liistory and progress, and with the ingenuity and appo- 
 siteness as well as the beauty of the innumerable tableaux 
 and illustrations of industry and handicraft — testimony to 
 the care and pains and expense the exhibitors had been at to 
 convince the world of Baltimore's capabilities as an indus- 
 trial city. The central idea, the thought that ran through 
 all the procession and served as the clue to its labyrinthine 
 variety and wonderful completeness, was that of presenting 
 graphically and in taljleaux the history of the founding, prog- 
 ress and cli'vclopmciil of I'.altiuiore and its various trades, 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 69 
 
 industries, meclianisius and employments. The arcJiaology, 
 h« to speak, of our city, its meclianical and industrial arts, 
 its trade, commerce, transportation and general business, were 
 all brought out in bold and intelligible relief and served to 
 illustrate most forcibly the city's present position, rank and 
 eminence in those relations. 
 
 The tableaux by means of which these effects were so finely 
 produced were almost immmerable, and each one contributed 
 in its way to the picturesque illustration of Baltimore, old 
 and new. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad, for instance, 
 elaborated by the force of a himdi-ed signal illustrations the 
 impression of a continental thoroughfare and a massive 
 engine of wholesale transportation, grown up from puny be- 
 ginnings—a type of the growth of the city itself, from wliose 
 loins this great aggregation of economic forces originally 
 sprung. This road sent into line five thousand of its em- 
 ployes, uniformed in workman's blue blouse and fireman's 
 red cap, led by its officers and directors — an army of stout 
 toilers directed to herculean performance by capable, contri- 
 ving brains. It contributed Peter Cooper's engine, worked by 
 Peter Cooper himself— a venerable friend of Baltimore, over- 
 whelmed by the enthusiastic reception which awaited him. 
 It sent models of its corner-stone, its telegraph, its elevators, 
 its express wagons, and a hundred other proofs of its power 
 and its resources— a grateful acknowledgment of its duties to 
 Baltimore and its dependence upon it. This one picture alone 
 would have sufficed to point out what INIr. Benson J. Lossing 
 wrote to the Committee of Invitation in his letter regretting 
 his inability to be present at the festival. " Baltimore," said 
 he, " is one of the marvels of our country, because of its rapid 
 growth in population and industrial thrift of every kind. 
 Fell's humble farm-house of 1730 has expanded into a mag- 
 nificent city— one of the centres of modern civilization in 
 1880. The pack-horses and Conestoga wagons which brought 
 the products of the West over the mountains to your town in 
 1770 have been transformed into vast railways, whose million 
 carriages bring the wealth of a continent to your city and 
 harbor. The sloop Baltimore and brig I'hilip and Charles, 
 the fii-st of yom- sea-going vessels, have been succeeded by a 
 
70 MK.MOHIAI, VOLUME. 
 
 iniKMy commercial navy, tlie argosies of which bring to you 
 golden fleeces from every Colchis on tlie globe, in spite of the 
 dragons of competition. In every phase of vigorous life Bal- 
 timore is a mod(d city, full of performance in the present and 
 of promise for the future, and every American citizen ought 
 to take a family pride in its prosperity." 
 
 The historical illustrations and tableaux were exceedingly 
 artistic and beautiful. They were well composed, finely col- 
 ored, and taught all that they were intended to teach. Here 
 you saw the Indian M'erowance and his warriors and wigwam ; 
 the great explorer, John Smith, discovering the Bolus river, 
 which we now call the Patapsco; the early settlers, at the 
 door of their log cabin, entering upon the first combats with 
 rude natm'e, of which we enjoy the varied and splendid fruits ; 
 the old court house, with a staff of om- ancient watchmen and 
 constables; a picture, acciu-ate and thrilling, of camp life at 
 Valley Forge, with representations of De Kalb, of Yankee 
 Doodle, etc.; a group of "niinute-mcn" of the Revolution, on 
 horseback and on foot ; a Baltimore clipper, with sailors ; the 
 Battle Monument, and following it, some few venerable patri- 
 archs left over from the defenders of 1814. There were other 
 tableaux of this same historical character, some realistic, 
 some idealized, and with a vein of jioetry both in their con- 
 ception and execution which brought forth .swift and loud 
 applause ; and after these, almost innumerable, came living 
 pictures to illustrate the origin, growth and fonvardness of 
 the industries of Baltimore, all admirably conceived and 
 charmingly executed, so that the spectator saw a hundred 
 Mardi Gras displays condensed in one, and the tired eye 
 almost refused to turn from one bewildering spectacle to the 
 next, equally handsome, that came after it. In some of these 
 talileaux there was such a curious felicity of design as camiot 
 be too highly complimented. They were as unique as they 
 were significant, as carefully planned as they were costly and 
 recherche, as exquisite in color and proportion as stage set- 
 tings can be made after weeks of preparation and rehearsal. 
 The most prosaic articles of trade Avere thus seized upon and 
 deftly utilized for artistic purposes. A simple article of 
 rullling rose into a Battle ^lonument that seemed to be cast 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 71 
 
 in snow from tlie most perfect of moulds; oils, paints, tin 
 cans, furniture, glass, all were put together in some ingenious 
 shape and became artistic symbols of the growth of some 
 trade and Baltimore's progress in it. 
 
 The great industrial display, in all its varied forms, in its 
 artistic completeness, in the heartiness with wliich the exhib- 
 itors gave their means, their time, their thoughts and all tlieir 
 enthusiasm to every slightest detail of it, was undoubtedly 
 the most signal feature of this magnificent parade, as it was 
 also the greatest source of surprise and delight not only to 
 strangers, visitors and guests, but to our own citizens also. 
 
 The order of the Procession of History and Industry was 
 as follows : — 
 
 Platoon of sixteen Mounted Policemen, commanded by Jacob 
 
 Frky, Deputy ISIarshal. 
 
 ]\Iounted Buglers. 
 
 Joseph Raiber, Chief Marshal. 
 
 Col. Henry D. Loney, Chief of Staff. 
 
 Mounted Color Bearer. [Colors— Black and Gold.) 
 
 MOUNTED AIDS TO CHIEF MARSHAL — (eight frOUt.) 
 
 Gen. C4eorge H. Steuart, Frank S. Levering, 
 
 AV. B. Krout, T. A. Symington, 
 
 Allison Brown, Thos. Deford, 
 
 W. A. Boyce, Max Lindau, 
 
 A. ]SI. Webb, J- B. Stokes, 
 
 Chas. E. Ford, W. C. Schley, 
 
 Chas. Kettlewell, C. W. Kein, 
 
 J. F. Deale, Charles Schneider, 
 
 H. Y. Ward, C. E. Coleman, Jr. 
 
 R. Steuart Latrobe, R- Emory Warfield, 
 
 W. H. Brown, Prof. E. G. Davis, 
 
 E. L. Bartlett, R.Winslow Eddins, 
 
 J. Frank Supplee, F. X. Russell, 
 
 W. B. Norman, Thos. R. Clendenen, 
 
 IVIichael Roche, E. G. Lehmann, 
 
 Fred. Sliriver, F. W. Brune, 
 
 Geo. Green, Capt. F. T. Grady, 
 
72 
 
 JIEMOUIAL vol. r ME. 
 
 1). E. Conklin, 
 (Jabriel Duval, 
 G. Leiper Thomas, 
 David Stewart, 
 W. B. Fitzgerald, 
 J. B. Sisson, 
 
 D. (i. Wright, 
 T. N. Williams, Jr. 
 Murray Hanson, 
 11. Kiddle Brown, 
 L. L. Conrad, 
 R. F. Brent, 
 IT. E. Bciltzell, 
 T. K. Bradford, 
 
 E. A. Jackson, 
 
 F. E. Waters, 
 
 F. Bernei, 
 Thos. J. Shryock, 
 John McGarigle, 
 W. T. Levering, 
 Jesse Tyson, 
 W. DeC. Poultney, 
 
 G. B. Cole, 
 E. F. Pontier, 
 Harry W. Husk, 
 Dr. W. H. Cole, 
 W. E. I'.lrd, 
 L. Str.isburger, 
 Harry Hall, 
 George F. AA'obb, 
 L.AV. Gunther, 
 Andrew J. George, 
 H. G. Vickery, 
 O. C. War field, 
 George M. Wheeler, 
 Harry H. Coyle, 
 I'red. A. Stewart, 
 W. W. Crozier, 
 
 John Filn, 
 
 Morris Putnam Stevens, 
 
 A. T. Houfk, 
 H. Munuickhuysen, 
 John Pleasants, 
 R. N. Bowerman, 
 Samuel Wylie, 
 Aug. Pfeil, 
 Sani'l W. Bradford, 
 Wm. Campbell llamiltou, 
 John S. Shriver, 
 Geo. Bauer, 
 P. R. Reese, 
 H. F. Turner, 
 Henry ^loale, Jr. 
 Douglas II. Thomas, 
 R. Hamilton, 
 Winfield Peters, 
 J. II. Ehlen, 
 Ed. Pels, 
 
 Robert Cooper Rasin, 
 W. F. Frick, 
 Jos. Whyte, 
 Adrian Ondesluys, 
 
 B. IjiKM'ich, 
 J. P. Pleasants, 
 Otto Benner, 
 L. II. Wieman, 
 Geo. Kessler, 
 Edw'd L. liiirtlett, 
 L. Courtney O'Donnel, 
 J. S. Hopkins, 
 Chas. J. Gaobler, 
 J. II. Aull, 
 J. R. I'.urley, 
 Griffith Feelemyer, 
 .fdlni S. Curl(>. 
 W. 11. Casscll. 
 
 J. Sterling Bermintrham. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 73 
 
 Hon. Ferdinand C. Lateobe, Mayor of the City. 
 Mounted Color Bearer. {Color — White.) 
 
 MOUNTED AIDS TO THE MAYOR — (eight froilt.) 
 
 Col. Harry 
 Hon. Robert ISl. McLane, 
 Thomas Swaim Latrobe, 
 C. A. Swann, 
 Frank A. Stevens, 
 W. S. Symington, 
 
 C. B. Tiernan, 
 Fred. A. Whelan, 
 P. M. Snowden, 
 Isaac Brooks, Jr. 
 James Donnelly, 
 Lewis C. Scott, 
 R. G. Keene, 
 John ]\I. Keeler, 
 W. H. Baldwin, 
 Innes Randolph, 
 
 D. Greenbanm, 
 
 J. EdAvard Bird, Jr. 
 G. R. McGee, 
 W. P. Twamley, 
 "NVm. Seemnllcr, 
 C. W. Chancellor, 
 Thos. S. Wilkinson, 
 R. Quincy Hall, 
 C. O. D. Lee, 
 F. AV. Levering, 
 W. G. Little, ^ 
 Sidney L. Wright, 
 Harry W. Benzinger, 
 H. W. Ellicott, 
 Charles Clarke, 
 Theo. Gassaway, 
 H. A. Barry, 
 George A. Bennett, 
 
 GiLMoR, Chief, 
 
 Edward Mooney, 
 
 E. A. Jackson, 
 
 S. P. Ryland, 
 
 Chauncey Brooks, 
 
 C. E. Dunn, 
 
 H. Remmington, 
 
 Thos. Fields, 
 . Samuel M. Shoemaker, Jr. 
 
 W. S. Wilson, 
 
 John M. Dulany, 
 
 Wm. W. Johnson, 
 
 John Jj. Culbertson, 
 
 Wm. A. Boyd, 
 
 Wm. H. Thomas, Jr. 
 
 Herbert Cassard, 
 
 Dr. Silas Baldwin, 
 
 Wm. H. Perkins, 
 
 Gen. Thos. W. Campbell, 
 
 Samuel W. Regester, 
 
 J. Frank Morrison, 
 
 James E. Trott, 
 
 Chas. A. Slingluff, 
 
 Sam'l Hanna, 
 
 P. J. Duff, 
 
 S. H. Whiteley, 
 
 S. Hamilton, 
 
 Cyprian Jenkins, 
 
 James R. Warner, 
 
 Edward ]\Iurray, 
 
 Pemberton Pleasants, 
 
 John B. ISIorris, Jr. 
 
 Jacob IJndloy, 
 
 Charles Perot, 
 
74 
 
 MKMORIAL VOLUME 
 
 >raj()r Thos. G. Ridgely, 
 
 A. McKim, 
 
 J. H. Lee, 
 
 Henry T. Meloney 
 
 W. W. Johnson, 
 
 Aug. Bouldin, 
 
 Enoch Pi-att, 
 
 Chas. Hunt, 
 
 PMwin S. Young, 
 
 Dr. I. D. Thomson, 
 
 Thos. M. Green, 
 
 Josepli Xeilson, 
 
 R. A. Taylor, 
 
 J. McHenry Howard, 
 
 Edwin F. Abell, 
 
 James Knox, 
 
 W. H. Cole, 
 
 \\. Hall Harris, 
 
 J. D'Arcy M'ilson, 
 
 L. M. Cole, 
 
 Winfield J. Taylor, 
 
 W. E. C'lomm, 
 
 A. \y. Bradford, Jr. 
 
 Dr. T. Sollers Waters, 
 
 James Carey Coale, 
 
 Thos. S. Reese, 
 
 Heniy Janes, 
 
 Fi-ank W. Banks, 
 
 John C. George, 
 
 Thomas Long Jones, 
 
 H. H. Coyle, 
 
 Wm. Rogei-s, 
 
 Dr. Chas. Grindall, 
 
 J. F. McShano, M. D. 
 
 Oscar S. Taylor, 
 
 H. F. Reid, 
 
 R. A\'. Gwathmey, 
 
 N. R. Hoiidcr.-;on, 
 
 Wm. H. Crawford, 
 
 David Elliott, 
 T. liarton Jones, 
 Prof. H. A. Rowland, 
 S. C. Hanson, 
 F. T. Redwood, 
 Walter Poultney, 
 Samuel T. Buzby, 
 Chas. C. W. :McCoy, 
 Henry W. Janes, 
 L. Victor Baughman, 
 Adam E. King, 
 H. W. Marston, 
 Chris. Billups, 
 R. C. Smith, 
 W. X. Smith, 
 Jolni McWilliams, 
 John Henry Keone, 
 Carroll Poiiltney, 
 E. J. Chaisty, Jr. 
 IL R. Dulany, 
 John Gill, 
 P. M. P,ircklH>ad, 
 Graham Dukehart, 
 Wm. P. Zollinger. 
 Geo. C. Maund, 
 John M. Culleton, 
 P. G. Wallis, 
 Henry B. McLane, 
 D. P. West, 
 Fred'k A. Stewart, 
 Wm. F. Porter, 
 Henrj' C. A. Smith, 
 James Claypoole, 
 W. E. W. Ross, 
 Wm. H. Scarlett, 
 John T. Newnan, 
 Geo. B. Creamer, 
 Charles J. Stewart, 
 AV. D. ( 'ator. 
 
MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 
 
 ^\'. W. Carter, 
 
 James Lake, 
 
 W. G. Storcli, 
 
 Germoii H. Hunt, 
 
 Woodward Abrahams, 
 
 Dr. A. Glemi Feuton, 
 
 M. L. Wilson, 
 
 Chas. D. Merryman, 
 
 E. Stanley Gary, 
 
 Dr. St. George W. Teackl 
 
 W. H. Thomas, Jr. 
 
 J. T. j\I. Barnes, 
 
 E. J. Farber, 
 
 John H. Basil, 
 
 George F. West, 
 
 Alonzo Lilly, 
 
 Daniel C. Ammidon, 
 
 Frank W. Tliomas, 
 
 Maud I). Tyson, 
 
 J. Sumner Parker, 
 
 John M. AVheelen, 
 
 Dr. Fred'k Bevan, 
 
 W. W. Crozier, 
 
 George A. Albaugh, 
 
 Wm. F. Cochran, 
 
 John S. Gittings, 
 
 J. Harry Lee, 
 
 C. Kidgeley Goodwin, 
 
 T. Harrison Garrett, 
 
 F. H. AA^igfall, 
 
 J. Frank Frick, 
 
 Dr. H. H. McGee, 
 
 B. F. Ulnian, 
 
 W. E. Bird, 
 
 George Savage, 
 
 R. A. Taylor, 
 
 A. E. Smyrk, 
 
 B. Howard Haman, 
 H. Lants, 
 
 Geo. A. Clabaugh, 
 C. D. Merryman, 
 Chas. Roche, 
 Dr. H. ^y. Owings, 
 S. M. Gibbons, 
 Wm. P. Webb, 
 Claas Vocke, 
 G. W. Gail, 
 H. M. ^^'ebb, 
 Edward Connolly, 
 George T. Sadtler, 
 Clinton J. Ashton, 
 Thomas J. Robinson, 
 Thos. C. Basshor, 
 Gen. Chas. E. Phelps, 
 John R. Kenly, 
 Wm. ]\Ic^Mlliams, 
 Francis Cutaiar, 
 Philiji H. Israel, 
 H. R. McNally 
 John Duer, 
 Andrew J. King, 
 Isaac Guggenheimer, 
 Wm. H. Reilly, 
 Gen. Felix Agnus, 
 
 Harrison Adreon, 
 Edwin H. Trust 
 
 W. T. Adreon, 
 
 David R. Knull, 
 
 Robert G. King, 
 
 S. Turner Duvall, 
 
 Alex. E. Brown, 
 
 John S. Gittings, 
 
 J. Harry Lee, 
 
 Ernest Schmeiser, 
 
 F. Ruhstral, 
 
 Dr. F. Hassencamp, 
 
 James R. AVarner, 
 
 Edw. Murray, 
 
76 
 
 MEMOIUAL VOIAME. 
 
 John T. McGloue, 
 Itobt. T. r-aldwin, Jr. 
 Marcus Dciinison, 
 Carroll V. Bitting, 
 David Herring, 
 Josopli II. Gale, 
 W'm. F. McKewen, 
 James Diudon, 
 Jolin 0. IJran.sby, 
 Frank X. Jenkins, 
 Wni. F. Keid, 
 Albert Weil, 
 Bradley S. Jolinson, 
 Kobt. H. Carr, 
 Geo. F. Webb, 
 James liigby, 
 John L. .Sickel, 
 John Q. A. Herring, 
 Wm. S. Powell, 
 Bentley S. Bibb, 
 
 Louis Winternitz, 
 , John J. Donaldson, 
 
 \\'in. T. Malster, 
 Fred. I'olmyer, 
 Douglass H. Duer, 
 Chas. A. Martin, 
 A. Kummer, 
 John A. Kobb, 
 F. W. Dammann, 
 H. J. Key, 
 Dr. W. H. Crim, 
 Oliver A. Parker, 
 John T. Morris, 
 Harry Gilmor, Jr. 
 Geo. U. Stewart, 
 Samuel S. Lee, 
 L. W. Gunther, Jr., 
 Clayton Cannon, 
 Graham Gordon, 
 Harry M. Ford, 
 Charles A. Vogeler. 
 
 OPKN ILVKOUCIIES. 
 
 J. TnoM.vs ScHARF AND FuEDERiCK Eaixe, Orators of the Day, 
 
 Uev. G. AuMisTEAr) Leakix, D. D., Clergj'man, 
 
 John R. Fki.i.man, Chairman German Executive Committee, 
 
 Mr.NifiPAi- Executive Co^rMiTTEE, 
 
 German Execitive Committee and Artlstic CoMMrrrEE. 
 
 FIRST DrS^TSTON. 
 
 Tlio elaborate arrangement of the monster procession of 
 the first day into divisions in a regular order was substan- 
 tially but not strictly adhered to. By reason of an accident 
 to the vehicle bearing one of the tableaux in the Historical 
 Division, the Baltimore and Ohio Bailroad Division was given 
 the ri>,'ht of the line and started at once, so that the order to 
 
^- MEMORIAL V0I;IIMK. 77 
 
 move promptly at 9:30 a. m. was strictly kept. The first divi- 
 sion actually in line therefore was that of the Baltimore and 
 Ohio, imder the command of Major N. S. Hill, acting as mar- 
 shal and supported by twelve aids. Their color was light 
 blue. This division consisted, in the order given, of the Bal- 
 timore and Ohio Eailroad Company, the Baltimore Corn and 
 Flour Exchange, the Northern Central Eailroad Company, 
 
 the Adams Express Company, the St. ]Mary's Industrial r~^ 
 
 School, and the American Union Telegraph Company. 
 
 The Baltimore and Ohio, with ten bands of music, had five 
 thousand men in line on foot, thirty wagons, thirty l^arouches, 
 and a number of interesting tableaux. The procession of this 
 army was arranged according to the diff'erent branches of the 
 service, the head of the column being given to the iron- 
 workers, who wore a uniform of black trowsers, blue shirts, 
 red caps with white tassels, and bore sledge-hammers on 
 their shoulders as the emblems of their craft. They escorted 
 a banner which bore an inscription condensing the history of 
 the great thoroughfare, as follows: "Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railroad, July 4, 1828; October 11, 1880. The first road begun 
 in America for general transportation. The first road com- 
 pleted from the Atlantic to the Ohio river, January 10, 1853. 
 In 1830 operating 13 miles; in 1880 operating 3,300 miles. In 
 1830, 100 employes ; in 1880, 20,000 employes. In 1853, uniting 
 Baltimore and Wheeling; in 1880, a link in the chain uniting 
 the Atlantic and the Pacific." 
 
 The plan of march was that of a solid phalanx of one hun- 
 dred and forty-four men, in uniform, followed by a truck 
 bearing some tableau or something else having reference to 
 the road's history. One of these was a model of the granite 
 corner-stone of the railroad, laid under the Presidency of 
 Philip E. Thomas, July 4th, 1828, in connection with which 
 were exhibited the implements — trowel, spade and liammer — 
 used by Charles Carroll of Carrolton at that ceremony. The 
 employes of the machine-shop escorted a model of the sail- 
 car put on the road by I] van Thomas in 1830, a curious box on 
 wheels, with a mast and a square sail. The lumber depart- 
 ment and carx)enter-sliop employes had on their truck a model 
 of a primitive saw tread-mill, worked by a blind horse. The 
 
78 MK.MOKIAI, VOMME. 
 
 workmen of tlio enf,^liie aiid brhli^v dt'p.artincnts cscortod Peter 
 Cooiier's laiiiouri eii,t!:ine, Mr. Coojter himself followiui,' behind 
 it in an open baronelie. 
 
 The ticket department of tlie company exliibited the rou- 
 tine of conpon-i^tampin^' and distribution in action, and the 
 teletrrapli brit,^ade showed how Mires are laid and dispatches 
 sent. 'Ihe progress of transportation was emphasized by 
 grouping together an o.\-team and a negro lazily hauling a 
 single hogshead of tobacco, and a modern truck with a spank- 
 ing team, bearing nine hogsheads jauntily along. This con- 
 tiast was brought out in a still more vivid and comical way 
 by the spectacle of a mule Mtched to a hogshead after the 
 ancient "rolling-road" style, followed by a section of tlie 
 huge express wagons of to-day, piled high with cases of 
 freight marked for delivery in every part of the continent. 
 There could be no more forcible way to illustrate history than 
 this, and the endeavor of the great busy corporation to i>ut 
 itself in full rapj)oji with the occasion celebrated was gen- 
 erally undei'stood and appreciated by spectators. 
 
 The Corn and Flour Exchange, following the Ikltimore and 
 Ohio in line, had tlie Ciovernment I\Iariiie ]>and to furnish 
 music for their column. A bay schooner on one of their 
 trucks immediately preceded the model of an elevator, on 
 which was iirinted the highly business-like inscription : " Ee- 
 ceiptsof grain 1870, (J,871,(>:j3 bushels; shipments, 4>!(j,ii.S.j bush- 
 els. Receipts 1880, 57,7!)G,.';-22 buslu>ls ; shipments, 5;},480,;M1 
 l)ushels" — a history in itself which explained why the ex- 
 chanue, organized in 1S5;J with 53 members, should in 1880 
 hiiAc a membership of 000. Tt was natural that an miallegor- 
 ical "bull" and "bear" should form part of this procession, 
 but a real allegorical tableau of the progress of wheat, from 
 the first kindly thought of Ceres to the merchant's "spot" 
 delivery, was conceived with spirit and fancy and charmingly 
 worked out in execution. The design was that of Mr. IJaraldi ; 
 the artist who arranged the really handsome tableau was 
 Mr. George A. Gardner. It required twelve horses to draw 
 the platform on which this fine piece of scenic effect was 
 arranged. 
 
MEJrORIAL VOLUME. 79 
 
 The Nortliern Central Railroad Company liad a large oil 
 painting in the van of their part of the line, representing a 
 passenger train on one of the approaclies to the Susquehaiuia 
 bridge. An engineer, a fii-enian, a conductor and a flagman, 
 all uniformed and each with his tools in his hand, relieved 
 this picture. Behind the truck, marching with consummate 
 order and regularity, came four hundred employes taken 
 from the different shops, the old and infirm servants being 
 transported in carriages. The uniforms were very neat, and 
 the soldierly appearance of the well-drilled men added greatly 
 to their effect in the line. Method, system, economy and pre- 
 cision were here typified. 
 
 The Adams Express Company, headed l)y some of its lead- 
 ing officers in a barouche, presented a tableau of a globe sur- 
 mounted by Mercury, the handsome lad Avho supported the 
 latter character poising himself fearlessly upon his lofty 
 and quivering post. It was perhaps indirectly in reference to 
 Mercury's attribute as the deity of pilferers that tliis truck 
 had on it some of the company's safes with watch-dogs on 
 guard. In another tableau the progress of the system of 
 parcel's delivery from 1730 to ISSO was traced in an instruc- 
 tive manner. 
 
 The St. Mary's Industrial School, conducted by the Xaverian 
 Brothers, created a great deal of favorable comment by their 
 excellent turnout. There were two hundred boys in' line, 
 under command of Wm. O'Brien, superintendent of Loudon 
 Park Cemetery. Several soldiers from Fort McHenry acted 
 as assistants. The boys wore their gray uniforms, and 
 marched with great precision. Besides those on foot there 
 was a large number in wagons, exhibiting what they are 
 taught at school. There was a shoe factory, Daniel McCartliy, 
 foreman ; hand-shoe shop, J. Griggs, foreman ; printing ofHce, 
 John J. Cody, foreman ; tailor shop, George Groh, foreman ; 
 basket shop, Wm. Shannon, foreman; blacksmith shop, Ed. 
 Strickland, foreman ; an agricultural wagon, omnibuses, a 
 Sesqui-Centennial wagon,- phaeton and barouches containing 
 the Brothers, making, all in all, a handsome display. The 
 lads were here shown at work at the different crafts by which 
 
80 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 tiles'^ cotild earn an lionest living -w'lien they reached maturity, 
 and the work and the workers both looked sound and solid. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 The second division in the actual line of march, that which 
 presented tlie tableaux relating to the history of lialtimore, 
 was marslialed by Mr. II. D. Boss, supported by twelve aids, 
 wearing red sashes. The head of the cortege was taken by 
 Mr; Charles Rupp, impersonating Lord Baltimore. He wore 
 armor of gilt, with a plumed golden helmet, rode a gi"ay 
 Arabian steed and bore himself featly and well. Two heralds, 
 personated by Bernard Bourke and .Joseph Harig, followed in 
 my Lord's train, wearing old Englisli costumes. The repre- 
 sentatives of the aboriginal occupants of the soil of Balti- 
 more, a l)ody of formidable red men, in no end of paint and 
 feathers, foHowed next in line — warriors, sachems, sagamores, 
 mixed in a throng. The United Order of Red Men furnislied 
 this group, so tliat their costumes must have been correct in 
 an arcliJEological point of view. Then succeeded a tableau of 
 the Indian's wigwam of skins, tlie warrior and liis family in 
 their home on the site perhaps of one of Baltimore's huge 
 elevators. Even while the warrior sat and rested him from 
 tlie chase and liis canoe of birch stood ready poised for 
 launching, the enemy who was soon to banish him from liis 
 liaunts forever was already heaving in sight, for yonder came 
 Captain John Smith's pinnace, with his crew of thirteen men, 
 feeling their way up under the lee of the red banks of the 
 Bolus river — " for the red clay called Bole Anneniack," said 
 Smith, "we called it Bolus." The pinnace was placed upon a 
 decorated wagon, and the discoverer and his crew looked 
 formidable enough to frighten all the Indians away — though, 
 in point of fact. Smith's narrative of his sixth voyage repre- 
 sents the Bolus river as being uninhabited. If he couhl look 
 in upon it to-day, that fierce gray beard of his would stand 
 out amazed and that falchion with which he slew three Sara- 
 cens in the East in single combat would fall from his nerve- 
 less gi-asp. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 81 
 
 The next tableau in the series presented the first Maryhuirl 
 settler's rude log cabin, witli its primitive appointments, a 
 simple tale of the encounter Avith nature which could not be 
 told amiss and camiot be told too often. Then followed a 
 model in miniature of Baltimore's first court house, on the 
 site of the Battle Monument, with the underpinning contri- 
 vances of the ingenious Leonard Harbaugh brought out in 
 full relief. The realistic tableau of camp life at Valley Forge 
 was an appeal to Maryland patriotism which was most effec- 
 tive ; while the representation of the Battle Monument was a 
 fac simile in everything but materials. In the seventh 
 tableau the commercial growth of Baltimore and the devel- 
 opment of its ship-building interests were typified in a 
 steamship surmounting and growing out of an old-time .sail- 
 boat. The eighth tableau, which broke down and had to be 
 withdrawn from the procession, was an allegorical imper- 
 sonation of Baltimore, the city being represented by Miss 
 Matilda Zuikland. In the ninth, the sea-, the source of so 
 much wealth to Baltimore, was allegorized, Mr. William 
 Holtzman personating Neptune, ruler of the waves. Miss 
 Anna Hohn being his Amphitrite, a mermaid just rising 
 from a very good representation of what Mr. Ricliard 8ur- 
 viller called " the briny," while three dolphins waited upon 
 her, each spouting real water. The vehicle on which this 
 tableau was transported had suffered "a sea-change," and 
 looked ancient and fish-like. In the tenth tableau, Colum- 
 bia, Miss Emma Seng,* sat entlu"oned upon a lofty curule 
 chair — " high on a throne of Ormus or of Ind " — ruling the 
 arts and industries and guiding the nations. Round about 
 her were characters representing the arts and sciences. Co- 
 lumbia was dressed in Greek costume of severe, but becoming 
 simplicity. Her tlu'one had a dome reacliing over it, on top 
 of which was the American eagle, looking for all the world as 
 if nothing would give him greater pleasure than to flap his 
 wings and join in the celebration. The interior of the dome 
 
 *In addition to others named above the following ladies took part in illustrating 
 the tableaux : Misses Louise Ilachtel, Minnie Klepper, Johanna Luekman, Lena 
 Lamp, Elenora Rhein, Mary Degenhardt, Kate Schuppcl, Bertha Schulz, Lizzie 
 Smith and Johanna Gerken. 
 
82 MEMOKIAF. VOI.r.MK. 
 
 Avas lined Avith blue anrl bespantrled with stars. On tlie four 
 corner posts of the wagon were irilt reiiresentations of flame 
 iiluniinatiiiij the darkness of the world. Tliere were several 
 bases to the platform, on eaoli of which sat persons repre- 
 sentintr the different nationalities of the universe, to all of 
 whom a welcoming; hand was extended. 
 
 After the leadin.i^ tableaux mentioned had passed, they were 
 followed by the Ikiltimore Riding Club and tableaux repre- 
 senting the lighting of Baltimore by gas, the first telegi-aph 
 wire in operation, running between Washington and Halti- 
 nioi-c; tlnve ]i(n-ticultural tableaux of rare beauty and exqui- 
 site designs, and a fine tableau representing agriculture. The 
 old and new fire engines were also represented. These were 
 followed by tlie artistic and other committees of the Germans, 
 whose names are given on a preceding page, in bai'onclies, and 
 the United Red iMen in Indian costume. It will be seen that 
 the tableaux represented the gi-adual growth of Raltimore 
 from the time the country was inhabited by Indians up to the 
 present day. They were gotten up chiefly by the artistic com- 
 mittee, and they reflect great credit upon its memliers. It is 
 proper to add here that neither the above description, nor the 
 pai-ade itself, did full justice to the arduous and intelligent 
 labors of the artistic committee, one of the earliest to go to 
 work in connection with the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. 
 The money cost of these tableaux was small — only a little 
 over §-S00. The time, thought and labor expended on their 
 prepai-ation were very great. The plan of the historical tab- 
 leaux was very suggestive and complete. The arrangement, in 
 two parts, was meant to give, by pictures of events and sym- 
 bols of epochs, a full icoiiographic histoiy of Baltimore and 
 its site from the time of its occupancy by the Indians down 
 to tlie present; nor was the selection of incidents too meagre 
 to accomplish that object. The programme of arrangements, 
 as ofUcially promulgated on the morning of the parade, will 
 prove this to demonstration. It is as follows, and it was 
 strictly adhered to except where accident or incidental mis- 
 conception interfered with it: 
 
 Xo. 1, Two Heralds of 17o0, English noblemen of same 
 time; 2, Indian Chief, with Warriors, (kindly volunteered 
 
MEiMOKIAL VOLUiMK. S'd 
 
 from the U. O. 11. jM-); -^j a^" Indian ^^'igwam, tableau; 4, Cay- 
 tain Jolin Smitli on tlie Chesapeake with his Thirteen Men, 
 tableau; 5, Fii-st Settlers and Log House, tableau; G, the Old 
 Court House of Baltimore, tableau, followed by watchmen ; 7, 
 Camp Life of 177G, tableau, followed by the Yankee Doodle 
 trio, Gen. De Kalb and others of his time; 8, Minute Men on 
 Foot and Horseback; 9, a Clipper Ship and Sailors; 10, the 
 Battle Monument. :Music-. 11, the Old Defenders in Car- 
 riages; 12, a Detachment of Soldiers of the Present Day from 
 the Fifth Maryland Regiment; 13, the Baltimore Riding Club; 
 14, Baltimorean, tableau; 15, Gas, tableau; 16, Telegraph, tab- 
 leau ; 17, Telephone Company, A. J. Davis, one wagon; IS, 
 Hahl & Co.'s Electric Clock; 19, Old Hand Fire Engine; 20, 
 Steam Fire Engine; 21, Horticulture, fJ. Halliday, J. Cook, O. 
 P. Magill,) tableau, 22, Agriculture, tableau, 2o, The Seas, tab- 
 leau; 24, Steamship, tableau; 25, "Columbia Gives a Home to 
 All,"' tableau, with sailors from a United States man-of-war ; 
 26, Committee in Barouches; 27, United Red Men, Commit- 
 tees of First Day of Arrangement, Finance, Reception, Music, 
 Place and Printing. 
 
 In tracing tlie notable features of the rest of this unexam- 
 pled procession, it is necessary to follow the official pro- 
 gramme, in order to escape confusion and bewilderment. 
 This was substantially carried out, each tableau, vehicle and 
 exhibitor being numbered according to the place assigned it 
 or them. In a few instances a vehicle or exhibitor got in the 
 wrong place, but these exceptions were not frequent. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION. 
 
 Colors — Yellow. 
 
 Frederick Ellenbrock, Chief of Division. 
 
 Twelve Aids. 
 
 Fort ^McHenry Band. 
 
 The German Singing Societies, Charles Kaiser, Marshal, 
 
 with aids. 
 No. 1, Apollo and the Muses, tableau; 2, the Baltimore Lie- 
 derkranz; 3, the Arion Singing Society; 4, the Harmonie Sing- 
 
84 MEMUIUAI. VOLLME. 
 
 ing Society; 5. Germauia M.Tiineirlior Singing Section; 6, 
 Fidelio (Quartette Club; 7, tlie Beetlioven Mfennerchor ; .s, tlie 
 Euterpe Singing Society; 9, the Genuania Masnnerchor, with 
 six barouclies and three wagons, J. Klein, marslial; 10, Con- 
 cordia Society, four barouches; 11, Maryland Turn Association, 
 Xo 1 , 12, Baltimore Turn Association; 13, Lafayette Turn 
 Association; 14, Junior Pyi-amid Club; 15, Pyramid and Pan- 
 tomime Club; IG, German Society of Maryland; 17, German 
 Orphan Asylum; hS, United Ked Men; 19, Bavarian Associa- 
 tion; 20, Jolly 15achelors' Association; 21, Burger Schuetzen 
 Association; 22, Teutonia Bowling Club; 23, Ungemuthlichkeit 
 Club ; 24, Holy Cross Church Society ; 25, St. John's Youths' 
 Association; 26, Jackson Pleasure Socials; 27, Uncle Brasig 
 Society, Theo. Horn, marshal ; 2.S, Ilaltimore Schuetzen Society, 
 A Martini, marshal; 29, Knights of St. Paul and St. Paul 
 Holy Cross Association ; 30, German Veteran Association ; 31, 
 Schweizer Association ; 32, Sueven Association ; 33, Hessen 
 Association; 34, Fritz Renter Association; 35, East Baltimore 
 Jockey Club; 30, Original AVcstern Star Assembly. Music. 
 37, United Ilorseshoers of Baltimore ; 38, Germania Associa- 
 tion, Xo. 10 ; 39, Germania Lodge, K. H. ; 40, Germania Lodge, 
 No. 24; 41, United Order Sons of Liberty, and one wagon; 42, 
 Grand Lodge, I. O. G. B., John Schmueck, marshal ; 43, Toner 
 Assembly, wagon ; 44, Wm. McKewen Socials, wagon ; 45, 
 Young Good Will Club, wagon. 
 
 FOURTH DFS^ISION. 
 
 Colors — Pu rj)Je. 
 
 Henry Lantz, Chief of Division. 
 
 Twelve Aids. 
 
 Charles A\'eber's Band. 
 
 Benevolent Societies. 
 
 No. 1, German Prill Association, K. P., H. Fenner, marshal, 
 with aids; 2, Germania Lodge, No. 14, Ch. Schoel, marshal ; 3, 
 Goethe Lodge, No. 98 ; 4, German Drill Association ; 5, DeKalb, 
 No. 75 ; 0, Allemauia, No. 7(j ; 7, Jackson, No. 30 ; s, Steuben, 
 No. 37 ; 9, Schiller Lodge, No. 2S. Pick's Band. 10, East I3al- 
 
MKMOKIAT. VOl.rJIK, 85 
 
 tlmore Drill Association; 11, Harugari, witli tableau, C. 
 Zuschlag, marslial, with aids; 12, Grand Grove O. of Druids, 
 A. Ballauf, marshal; 13, Black Knights, H. Geuman, marshal; 
 14, Union of Friendship, (Freundschaftshund) ; 15, Epsilon 
 Conclave, No. 4, of Heptasophs; 10, Hospital Relief Associa- 
 tion of Maryland; 17, Galileo Union; 18,Washington Lodge, V. 
 O. U. B.; 19, Humboldt Lodge, Ko. 38, V. O. U. M.; 20, East 
 Baltimore Sick Association; 21, Workingmen's Sick Relief 
 Society, No. 5 South street; 22, United Workingmen's Sick 
 Association, Leon Wichlein, marshal. Music. 23, General 
 Workingmen's Sick Relief Union, John Lampe, marshal ; 24, 
 Harmonie Sick Association, J. Hartman, marshal; 25, West 
 End Sick Association, with one wagon ; 26, Barbers' Beneficial 
 Association, G. F. Robelin, marshal ; 27, Turners' Sick Relief 
 Association, Chas. Schoel, marshal ; 2S, Harmony Lodge, O. S. 
 L., No. 4, George Bauer, marshal ; 29, Social Relief Association, 
 No. 1 ; 30, Jackson Lodge, No. l(j, O. I. B., George Kroner, mar- 
 shal. Music. 31, Bricklayers' Union, one tableau, four ba- 
 rouches, six hundred men on foot; 32, Plasterer's Union of 
 Baltimore, with two wagons, A. Davis, marshal; 33, Beacon 
 Light O. B. B., Moses Moses, marslial; 34, ]\Ionumental City 
 Lodge, No. 311, I. O. B. B.; 35, Jedidjah Lodge, I. O. B. B. ; 3G, 
 George Bauernschmidt's Liedertafel ; 37, Bohemian Sub-Divi- 
 sion, V. J. Schimmick, marshal. Music. Sakolska Blesk, 
 Blanick, Rerun, ISIarylaud, Grand Lodge, C. S. P. S. 
 
 FIFTPI DrsnSION. 
 
 Colors — Orange. 
 Capt. Winfield Peters, Chief of Division. 
 
 AIDS. 
 
 H. A. Parr, R. Emory War field, 
 
 Wm. H. Warfield, C. R. Coleman, 
 
 W. Campbell Hamilton. 
 Zeigler's Band. 
 
 No. 1, United Baltimore Bakers' Association, Mich. Young, 
 marshal, with six barouches and one decorated wagon ; 2, J. D. 
 Lauster, three wagons; 3, J. W. Cruitt, two wagons; 4, Geo. 
 
86 MKMoKIAI. VOLIMK. 
 
 Eldridge ; 5, C. H. Black, each one wagon ; G, Jauies D. Mason 
 i\j Co., thii'teen wagons. Flonr and Feed — 7, Rinehart, Cliilds 
 it Co., three wagons; 8, L. E. Bartel; i), Leo Lang; 10, George 
 Bros.; 11, J. T. Tinianus & Son; 12, Kobt. Knight; 13, A. L. 
 Boggs, Jr. it Co.; 14, F. Kroeber & Sons, each one wagon; lo, 
 S. Edwards & Co., two wagons; IG, John R. Hudgins & Co.; 17, 
 A. P. Gerber & Co., each one wagon ; 18, C. A. Ganibrill <t Co., 
 two wagons; 19, McAfee Bros.; 20, Penrose, Xelker it Co.; 21, 
 J. M. Ramming, each one wagon; 22, Seevers & Anderson, Par- 
 agon Flour Mill, B. F. Starr mill stones, two wagons. Grocers 
 ' — 23, Hamilton it French, three wagons ; 24, John Oliver, two 
 wagons; 25, 8. T. Johnson, one wagon; 2G, J. Ziiik it Son, si.\ 
 horses; 27, Sterling Manufactiu-ing Company; 28, Thomas M. 
 (Jreeu it Bro. ; 29, H. M. Ilosmer it Bi-o., each one wagon; 30, 
 Drury it Ijams, two wagons; 31, Dclaney & Smith, three 
 wagons ; 32, J. IL Leber it Bro. ; 33, Mooney & Co., each one 
 wagon ; 34, Dinsmore it Kyle, four wagons ; 35, AVm. J. Bowen, 
 agent of J. Pyles, pearline; 30, George K. McGaw, each one 
 wagon; 37, Thomas ^McCoubrey, steam bakery, two wagons; 
 3>S, American Manufacturing Company, oleomargarine; 39, J. 
 G. Jledinger, one wagon. Salt — 40, A. Kerr, Bros, it Co.; 41, 
 Parrish Bros., each two wagons. Tea — 42, Importers and 
 Traders' Tea Company; 43, Atlantic Tea Company, each two 
 wagons; 44, F. A. Bryan & Co.; 45, Martin Gillet it Co., each 
 one wagon. Patent Top Manufacturers — 4(i, L. Moore, Sted- 
 man's patent top, one cari'iage. Basket and AVillow Ware — 
 47, Lord it Robinson, two wagons; 48, Joseph Schlereth, one 
 wagon. 
 
 SIXTH DIVISION. 
 
 Colorti — Green. 
 
 Jacob Miu'bach, Chief of Division. 
 
 Twelve Aids. 
 
 Saw and Planing Mills — Xo. 1, Otto Duker it Co., Jos. M. 
 Blackaby, marshal of section; Chas. Weber's Bjind in wagon, 
 wagon with jiyramid of hard wood, wagon Avitli sawed work, 
 wagon witli frames, two wagons with employes, a lumber 
 Avagon, timber wagon, watchman's wagon; 2, B. J. Ilubbel; 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 87 
 
 3, G. W. Horstman ; 4, C. C. Rnmpli & Co. ; 5, Heald Saw and 
 Planing Mill Company; 0, Heiso & Bruns; 7, Thomas ]\Iat- 
 tliews & Co. ; 8, Geo. F. Sloane & Bro., one wagon each ; 9, F. 
 W. Trimble, two wagons. Furniture :Manufacturers — Morton 
 D. Banks, marshal of section. Music. 10, INIorton D. Banks, 
 five wagons; 11, H. Jenkins & Son; 12, Kosendale & Co., two 
 wagons each ; 13, Gunther & Fink, three wagons ; 14, Atlantic 
 Furniture Company, five wagons; 15, George Beck, two 
 wagons; 16, Graham & Schmidt, three wagons; 17, Thomas 
 Kugler, one wagon; 18, Chris. Scheror, two wagons; 19, Arm- 
 strong & Denny; 20, L. Himmel, one wagon each; 21, Rand 
 Manufacturing Company, six wagons. Musical Instruments. 
 Fifth Regiment Band. 22, Wm. Knahe & Co., two hundred 
 men and twenty-eight wagons, F. I.egeman, marshal of sec- 
 tion. INlusic. 23, Charles M. Stieff, nine wagons; 24, Wm. 
 Heinekamp, two wagons; 25, A. Pomplitz, three wagons; 26, 
 Sanders & Stay man; 27, John Magez, two wagons each; 28, 
 William H. Bendler, one wagon. Pictm-e Frames— 29, Wm. 
 Eckhardt; 30, Schneider & Fuchs, one wagon each. Rustic 
 Work— 31, Jas. Schloer; 32, Cotter Bride, one wagon each. 
 Barrelmakers— 33, Flour-Barrel Coopers' Union ; 34, Eppler & 
 Sons; 35, Henry Schaefer; 36, Kimball, Tyler & Co.; 37, Fred. 
 Schlimme, one wagon each. Showcases — 38, Charles Carl & 
 Co. ; 39, Richard Sauer, one wagon each. Box Factories— 40, 
 One wagon with twenty-four horses, represented by the fol- 
 lowing firms : Thiemeyer & Co., Adams & Setzer, Asendorf & 
 Dreyer, Klingmeyer & Co., Becker & Bro., Radecke & Co., 
 Siemers & Co., Schulze & Co., H. Heise & Co., J. H. Duker; 41, 
 Wm. H. Schleigh, one wagon. Billiards— 42, J. G. Taylor & 
 Co., two wagons. Turners— 43, Stork & Sons, one wagon. 
 
 SEVENTH DIVISION. 
 
 Colors — Violet. 
 
 Col. J. Lyle Clark, Chief of Division. 
 
 Twelve Aids. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Postoffice— No. 1, Baltimore Postoffice, nine wagons. 
 
 Schools— 2, House of Refuge, mechanical department, ba- 
 
88 MEMOULVL VOLUME. 
 
 rourlie, two liundred ou foot ; ;3, St. Marj^'s Industrial Scliool, 
 sixteen wajrons; 4, Dr. Carpenter, ancient doctor and one of 
 tlie present day; 5, Prof. Knapp's Institute, tableau, one wagon. 
 Printei-s — 0, Herald Publishing Company, fifty men; 7, Globe 
 Printing Company; 8, I. Friedenwald & Co., one wagon each; 
 i», Torscli Bros., two wagons; 10, Thomas & Evans; 11, James 
 Young, one wagon each. Lithograxjher — 12, A. Iloen & Co., 
 one wagon. Stationei-s — 13, Kossmaessler tt Morf ; 14, Guggen- 
 heimer & Weil, one wagon each. Music dealer — 15, George 
 A\'illig, one wagon. Bookbinder — 1(J, Dell & Knapp, one 
 wagon. Paperhangers — 17, George Eckliardt; IS, Aug. Ilan- 
 geinuhle; 10, George Eluliardt, one wagon eacli. Fancy 
 Paper — 20, F. P. Reisinger, one wagon. Goldbeaters — 21, 
 John Gechter ; 22, Charles H. Hamill & Co. ; 2.3, A. Deupert, 
 one wagon eadi. Plated "Ware — 24, Messrs. Hawkins & Ruskel, 
 Englisli Tally-IIo Coach. Straw (!oods — 2'), Wilson it Perry, 
 one wagon. Kid Ciloves and Hair — 20, Martin Emerich, one 
 wagon. Dry Goods — 27, Ross, Campbell & Co.; 28, Rosenthal 
 & Co., one wagon each. Hosiery — 29, L. Felber tt Co., two 
 wagons; 30, L. Felber, one wagon. Hatter — 31, Snow <t' Co., 
 one wagon. Gents' Fm-nishing — 32, Linton & Kirwan, one 
 Avagon. Shirts — 33, R. Adams; 34, S. Fleischman; 35, Du- 
 breuil Bros., one wagon each. Carpets — 36, I^orenz Weber; 
 37, A\^ T. Dunbracco, one wagon each ; 38, Schoenewolf, four 
 wagons; 39, J. S. Griffith ct Co., three wagons. Music. Tailors 
 and Clotliiers — 40, Custom tailoi-s, one barouche and eighty 
 men on foot, two Avagons; 41, F. W. Oehm; 42, Peter Blank- 
 ner, one wagon each ; 43, Rosenfeld Bros., ten wagons ; 44, 
 Strasburger & Son; 45, K. Frank & Bro., two wagons each. 
 Shrinker — 40, Joseph Ranft tt Sons, one wagon. Umbrellas — 
 47, C. Iv Beehler, one wagon. Ruffling — 48, Ph. F. (Jelirman 
 tt Co., two wagons. Dyer — 49, Moritz Richter; 50, Wilcox it 
 (Jil)bs, one wagon each. Cotton Mills — 51, Powhatan Cotton 
 Mills, three wagons; 52, Savage Cotton Mills, one wagon; 53, 
 Oakum l-'actory of Canton, two hundred men on foot. Paper 
 Boxes and Pajier — 54, Smith, Dixon it Co., three wagons; 55, 
 Youse and Cohen, one wagon. Tobacco — 50, Becker Bros., 
 four wagons; 57, Joesting I>ros. ; 58, L. II. Newdecker; 59, 
 PachoUler it Biiniberger; OO, D. II. it L. V. :Miller; (il, J. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 80 
 
 Abbott; G2, Jones Ellis; 63, Y. P. Stone; G4, E. A. Maul; 05, 
 J. Herman; 66, Kawlings & Co.; 67, Johnson & Davis; 68, 
 Wm. Seeger, one w-agon eacli ; 69, J. Fred. Lotz, two wagons ; 
 70, Gail & Ax, five wagons. 
 
 EIGHTH DIVISION. 
 
 Colors — Indigo Blue. 
 Col. Tlios. G. Hayes, Chief of Division. 
 Twelve Aids. 
 INIusic on Wagon. 
 Butchers— No. 1, United Butchers' Association, three hun- 
 dred men on horseback, six wagons; 2, Sheep Butchers and 
 Wool Pulling Association, thirty barouches, eight wagons ; 3, 
 Butchers' Pleasm-e Club, five barouches, one wagon; 4, George 
 W. Barranger, one wagon, one ten-horse chariot; 5, Charles 
 Blumhardt, three wagons, with music. Leather— 6, Shoe and 
 Leather Board of Trade, six wagons; 7, United Leather 
 Association; 8, Henry Linderman, one wagon each. Pork 
 Packers— 9, P. T. George, two hundred and fifty men on foot 
 and seven wagons; 10, S. C. Schafer, two wagons; 11, G. Cas- 
 sard & Son, one wagon; 12, ^Y. P. Harvey & Sons, six wagons; 
 13, Rienian Brothers & Co., one wagon. Hair Factories— 14, 
 \y. Wilkens, twenty-five carriages and five wagons; 15, Fred. 
 Walpert & Co. ; 16, G. N. Wiggers, one wagon each. Brushes— 
 17, Renous, Kleinle & Co., one wagon. Upholsterers— 18, C. 
 Sydney Norris & Co.; 19, Uriah A. Pollack, two wagons each; 
 20, J. Frey; 21, Edeler Brothers, one wagon each. Lime, Hair 
 and Cement— 22, Jacob Green, one wagon. Paints and Oils— 
 23, G. N. Popplein, Jr. ; 24, Maryland White Lead Company ; 
 
 25, Hirsliberg, Hollander & Co., one wagon each. Yarnish— 
 
 26, Berry Brothers ; 27, R. H. Zuker, one wagon each. Gutta 
 Percha— 28, W. H. Knight & Co., one wagon. ]\Iusic. Glass— 
 29, Baker Brothers & Co., two hundred and fifty men on foot 
 and four wagons, John Lang, marshal ; 30, Swindel Brothers, 
 three wagons; 31, Riverside Glass Works, fifty men on foot 
 and one wagon ; 32, H. Seim, glass works, one wagon ; 33, 
 Haniill, Brown & Co., one hundred men on foot and five 
 
90 >li:.\l()l!IAL VOUMK. 
 
 wagons; .31, Kdwiii Ik'imett, two wagons; .lo, James J'.. McNoal 
 & Co. ; 3G, A. Young & Son, one wagon eacli. Soap — 37, Christ. 
 Lipps; 38, C. Louis Dunlap, agent of Iliggins's Laundry Soap, 
 two wagons each. Laundry — 3it, Empire Steam Laundry, one 
 wagon. Street Lamps — 40, C. IL Nicolai. one wagon. 
 
 NINTH DIA'ISION. 
 
 Colors — (Jhucolate. 
 
 CoL Cliarles McCann, Chief of Division. 
 
 Twelve Aids. 
 
 Mt. Pleasant P.and. 
 
 Oyster and Fruit Packers — A. K. Shriver, marshal. — No. 1, 
 Union Oyster Company ; 2, W. Numseu & Sons ; 3, Miller Bros, 
 it Co.; 4, Tlios. J. Myer tt Co.; .'3, Piatt ct Co.; 6, .las. E. Stans- 
 bury it Co.; 7, D. D. Mallory A: Co.; 8, J. S. Farren it Co.; 9, 
 .1. Waltemeyer & Co.; 10, L. W. Counselman it Co.; 11, E. 
 Schoenberg it Co.; 12, Oberndorf it Going; !•">, Kensett it Co.; 
 
 14, .John (!. Kraft it Co.; 1-5, McGrath it Co; Kl, Ilemmingway 
 it Co., one wagon each; 17, W. W. Boycr & Co., two wagons; 
 
 15, E. W. Mallory & Co.; 19, C. S. Maltby it Co.; 20, O. \Y. 
 Miller & Co.; 21, H. M. Rowe & Co.; 22, F. .\. Waider it Co.; 
 23, A. Booth; 24, Evans, Day & Co.; 2-5, Hunt it Willing; 26, 
 L. McMurray & Co.; 27, Moore <t Brady; 28, Hitchbock it Co.; 
 29, Chas. Harrop; 30, Kagel it Gueder; 31, Griffith it Gilpin; 
 32, E. J. Horn it Co.; 33, Flemming & Co.; 34, Van Lil Pre- 
 sen'ing Company ; 35, P. J. Ritter, one wagon each ; 30, J. Wm. 
 Ports, three wagons; 37, F. Schlegel, one wagon. Cider — 38, 
 F. B. Carey, one wagon. Music. Canmakers — 39, .lohn O'Far- 
 rell, fifty men and one wagon; 40, Lineweaver it Co., fifty men 
 and one wagon; 41, M. Wagner it Co.; 42, Hall Bros.; 43, S. 
 Rntli it Son; 44, Grillet & Mann; 4."), J. B. Hand, one wagon 
 each ; 4fi, IT. TTrich it Co., two wagons. Tinware — 47, Keen it 
 Ilagerty, four wagons; 48, Mattliai, Ingram it Co., four wagons; 
 49, C. H. WillK-lm it Co., two wagons; .50, .1. H. C. Thirkel, one 
 wagon; •")1, ^\'m. Grosskast it Co., three wagons; .52, Maryland 
 Bathtub Comiiany, one wagon; 53, Wm. Pulh>r it Co., three 
 wagons; 54, H. F. MuUer, two wagons. Water Coolers — 55, 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 01 
 
 \A'ni. II. Randall, one wati;on. Leadwork — 5(;, IMercliants' Shot 
 ToAver Co.; 57, IJaltiiuore Lead ^\'ol•k8, one waf»'(;n each. Arti- 
 ficial Limbs — oS, I). Reinhard, one wagon. Music. Tlie 
 Brewers of Baltimore, H. Von der Horst, marshal — 59, King 
 (iambrinus with two pages and twenty aids; GO, H. Von der 
 Horst; 61, J. F. Wiesner; 62, G. Bauernschmidt ; 63, George 
 Brehm; 64, H. Strauss, Bro. & Bell; 65, J. Seeger; 66, Bauern- 
 schmidt & Mahr; 67, Sol. Strauss; 68, John Boyd; 69, Jos. 
 Schreier; 70, H. Eigenbrot ; 71, Guuther & Gehl ; 72, E. 
 Hoenervogt; 73, F. Weber; 74, E. W. Stiefel; 75, F. Wunder; 
 76, S. HelldoerfFer ; 77, F. Schlaffer; 78, T. M. Dukehart ; 79, 
 L. Muth; 80, B. Berger; 81, Butterfield & Co.; 82, Mrs. Rost; 
 83, M. Berger; 84, John Trust; 85, H. Werner; 86, Thos. Beck 
 & Son; 87, Adler & Muhlheiser; 88, John Bauernschmidt; 89, 
 John Schultheiss; 90, Bayview, one wagon each. Weis Beer — 
 91, Jos. Schierlitz, one wagon. Coppersmiths — 92, H. J. Eller- 
 brock; 93, John Hubert, one wagon each. Coopers — 94, J. W. 
 Gilpin & Son, one wagon; 95, J. Bonday, Jr. & Co., two wagons; 
 96, J. Houser & Co.; 97, F. Phau; 98, Wm. Schneider; 99, Geo. 
 Kropp, one wagon each; 100, Gunpowder Waterworks, eight 
 wagons; 101, pipes of ancient and present day, James Curran, 
 water engineer. Well-Diggers— 102, A. L. Miller; 103, Andrew 
 Coulter, one wagon each. Mineral Water— 104, A. S. Miles; 
 
 105, C. L. INIay, three wagons each. Beer Bottlers. IMusic. 
 
 106, A. von Mitzel, six wagons; 107, Staten Island Bottling 
 Company, one wagon; 108, W. J. Wickham & Co., two wagons; 
 109, Wm. Brandstaedter, one wagon; 110, Consolidated Com- 
 pany, ten wagons ; 111, Maryland Bottling House; 112, Louis 
 Kalling; 113, H. Dauterich, one wagon each; 114, H. R. El- 
 bring, two wagons; 115, A. Snyder; 116, S. Chestnut & Co.; 
 117, R. Armiger & Sons; 118, Thomas Marks, one wagon each. 
 Refrigerators— 119, C. H. Roloson & Son, two wagons. IJquors — 
 120, L. Goldheim, one wagon. Dairies— 121, Maryland Dairy; 
 122, Olive Dairy; 123, Conrad Kraeter; 124, Roseland Farm 
 Dairy; 12-5, Pearl Dairy; 126, Baltimore and Ohio ]\Iilkmen's 
 Association ; 1 27, C. H. Loliman, one wagon each. Ice-Cream — 
 128, S. L. McCulley, one wagon. Drugs— 129, Wm. H. Brown 
 & Co.; 130, Louis Becker; 131, Stonebraker * Sons; ];!2, Dr. C. 
 W. Benson; 133, Smith, Hanway & Co., one Avagon each; 134, 
 
92' MKMOlil.VI, Vt)r,U.ME. 
 
 Lcof J'ros., two wagons; l.jo, Win. H. Read; 1:>(), Ilohnan Pad 
 Company. IJarljcrs — 1:57, J. Gatto, one wagon; l."5S, II. Hart- 
 wig, two Avagons. Kual Estate — l-"5!t, s. H. Hooper, one Nvagoii. 
 
 TENTH J )I VISION. 
 
 Colors — Fink. 
 
 Col. Thomas J. McKaig, Chief of Division. 
 
 Twelve Aids. 
 
 Music. 
 
 No. 1, Adams Express Company; 2, Mnllmyer & Hunter. 
 Railways. Music. 3, Northern Central Kaihvay, three hun- 
 dred and fifty men on foot and one wagon, James Coale and 8. 
 \V. Hemorest, marshals ; 4, North Baltimore Passenger Rail- 
 way Company, fifteen wagons. Carriages and ^^'agons — 5, 
 Wm. and J. H. Leonhardt ; 6, John Albaugh ; 7, Henry S. Bell, 
 of the Carriage and Toy Company ; S, Heimiller Bros. ; fi, 
 fJeorge B. Colflesh ; 10, Gustav Glickman; 11, A. J. Kurtz; 12, 
 T. D. Marshall, one wagon each ; 13, Charles Heesel ; 14, Fred. 
 Ballard; 15, Dunn & Co., two wagons each. Blacksmiths — 1(>, 
 John Kunkle & Sons; 17, F. Klnth ; 18, Hemy Roth; 19, J. L. 
 Brooks, one wagon each; 20, H. Meisner, three wagons; 21, R. 
 Edelman ; 22, H. C. Parrish, one wagon each. Iron Foundries 
 — 23, A. Weiskittel & Son, two wagons ; 24, Eggling tt Harris, 
 one wagon; 25, John "Waltz & Co.; 2G, Bartlett, Robbins A Co., 
 two wagons each. Hardware — 27, C. J. Stewart it- Sons, one 
 wagon. Edge Tools— 28, W. H. Kanne ; 29, Edward Clayford, 
 one wagon each; 30, Union File Works, two wagons; 31, John 
 R. Iludgins I't Co. ; 32, Charles Toland & Co., one wagon each. 
 Lightning Rods — 33, John A. Ruth, one wagon. Gas Genera- 
 tors — 34, Astral Manufacturing Company, one wagon; 35, C. 
 M. Kemp, two wagons; 3(), Wm. F. I^ay it Co., one wagon, 37, 
 Maryland Meter Works, two wagons. Machinists — 38, George 
 Page it Co.; ;;9, John II. Buxton; 40, L. P. Clark & Son, one 
 wagon each. Boilermakers — 41, C. Froehlich it Co., one 
 wagon ; 42, Clark it Co., two wagons ; 43, Jas. Murray & Sons 
 and Wm. Petit, four wagons; 44, Jas. J. Lazy it Co.; 45, E. J. 
 Codd it Co., one wagon eacli. Safe and Iron M'orks— lH, L. H. 
 
ime:morial volujie. 93 
 
 ^Miller, one \ragon. Stoves — 47, S. A. ]\Iorgan, three wagons. 
 Fire Brick — 48, Baltimore Terra-Cotta "\\'orks; 49, Biu-ns, 11ns- 
 sell & Co., three wagons each. Galvanized Iron — 50, James 
 Geddes & Co., four wagons ; 51, John G. Hetzell ; 52, Maryland 
 Galvanic AYorks, one wagon each. Diver and Stevedore — 5;J, 
 John S. Broom, one Avagon. Shipsmith — 54, Kobert Clark ; 55, 
 Journeymen Ship-Joiners' Union; 56, South Baltimore Ship- 
 smiths' Association, one wagon each. Elevator — 57, James 
 Bates, one wagon. ]\Iusic. Steel and Iron — 58, S. G. Wiuter- 
 nitz, eight wagons. Mantel Works — 59, Baltimore Mantel 
 '\\'orks, one wagon. INlarble — GO, Hugh Sisson & Sons, tliree 
 wagons; Gl, L. Hilgartner; 62, Chas. E. Ehman, one wagou 
 each. Roofer — 6o, Granite Roofing Works, one wagon, (iranite 
 Workers — 64, M. Gault & Son, one wagon. Agricultural Im- 
 plements — 65, jNIaryland State Agricultural and Mechanical 
 Association, five wagons ; iiij, Ashland Iron Works, one wagon ; 
 67, A. tt A. G. Alford, one wagon; 68, L. H. Lee & Bro., eight 
 Avagons ; 69, Joshua Thomas, four wagons ; 70, H. P. Underhill; 
 71, E.Whitman & Sons, one wagon each; 72, A. L. Clayton; 7."], 
 R. H. Clayton, two wagons each; 74, C. Aultman & Co., five 
 wagons; 75, George Certel, Stump Extractor, wagon and 
 niachine. Acids and Fertilizers — 76, Pambman, Bro. & Co.; 
 77, Lorentz and Rittler, one wagon each; 78, Symington Bros., 
 two wagons; 79, Chemical Company of Canton, four wagons. 
 Bell Founder — 80, Hem-y McShane & Co., sixty men on foot, 
 five wagons; 81, Regester & Sons, three wagons. Theatres — 
 82, Front Street Theatre; 83, Holliday Street Theatre; 84, 
 IMonumental Theatre — Uncle Tom's Cabin, one wagon each. 
 Ice Exchange. Music. Grace Bumble, marshal. 85, Cochran 
 A Co., three Avagons; 86, AVm. Oler & Co., two wagons; 87, J. 
 Frederick & Son; 88, Church & Lary, one wagon each; 89, 
 John Biemiller; 90, J. W. Duffy, two wagons each; 91, J. Scan- 
 Ion ; 92, Hemy Weaver ; 93, C. Ferstermann, one wagon each ; 
 94, Consumers' Ice Company, two wagons. Powder — 95, A. L. 
 Webb it Son; 96, C. Schumacher, one wagon each. Axle 
 Grease — 97, W. J. Finck & Co., one wagon. Cheese — 98, John 
 Thomson & Co., one wagon. Coal and Wood — 99, H. Lange <t 
 Sons, eight wagons; 100, George Iletz, tAvo wagons; 101, Carey 
 & Co., one Avagon ; 102, Coal and Wood Association, four 
 
94 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Avagoiis. IIorBes — 10.3, Josepli Friedburj,'er; KU, Louis Seltzer; 
 1(1.')^ Charles l{ui)i>, one wagon each. Hay Dealei-s — 1U(J, 
 (ieorge Ilubiier iV: Co.; 107, James A. Butt, one wagon each. 
 Vetei-inary Surgery — lOX, C. W. Sprankling. Coal Oil and 
 Lamps — luy, P. Bangert; llo, Fitzberger ; HI, Chris. Schaep- 
 perle, one wagon each; 112, Ked C Oil Manufactory, two 
 wagons. Stoves — 113, S. 13. Sexton ct Son, sixty men on foot, 
 one wagon. Undertakers— 114, Blizzard it Sons, one wagon. 
 I'aste — 115, Baltimore Steam I'aste I\Ianufacturing Company, 
 one wagon. Insect Powder — IIG, John Koehler, two wagons. 
 Junk Business — 117, A. McDonough, one wagon; 118, Kathau 
 Frank & Sous, thi-ee wagon.s. City Sprinkler — 119, J. Erich, 
 one wagon. 
 
 The Third Division comprised the German singing socie- 
 ties and many of the other German organizations which had 
 been most active and energetic in getting up the great cele- 
 bi-ation. The tableau of Apollo and the ISIuses was most 
 effectively rendered. Apollo, represented by Prof. Koden- 
 maj'er, was seated on a high throne, placed above a raised 
 pedestal, and on stei)s below the throne were nine young 
 ladies dressed as the nine Muses. Apollo was richly attired 
 in white robes, bordered with purple, and on liis right knee 
 was the lyre of gold. The Muses were clad in loose robes of 
 flowing white, Avith white powdered wigs, showing in fine 
 relief the fresh and fair young faces. Each held in her hand 
 the emblem symbolical of the Muse represented, and around 
 the base of the platform were shields bearing tlie names of 
 the German singiiig societies in the line. The throne and 
 pedestal were painted white and richly ornamented with 
 gilding. The tableau was carried in a wagon drawn by six 
 black horses, decorated with plumes and led by two grooms. 
 All the arrangements of the tableau were strictly classical, 
 and the contrast of colors striking. The robes and drapery of 
 the car were of the most costly material, velvets, silks and 
 .-^atin being freely used. The Avhole was admirable. 
 
 The committee under Avhose sui)ervision the tableau was 
 arranged were ^^'m. Fuchs, Chas. Kaiser and Chas. Fisher. It 
 was gotten u]) at the expense of all the societies jointly. 
 Representatives of the IJaltimore Liederkranz, .Vrion, liar- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 95 
 
 monie, Germania Wjenueirlior Singing Section, Fiflolio Qnar- 
 tette Club, Beethoven Maennerclior, P'uterpe and (ienuaMia 
 ISIaennerclior, being tlie ditt'erent ringing societies, took their 
 places in the procession, while the other members of the 
 societies, to the number of five hundred, with badges and 
 banners, joined the procession on foot at the Concordia Opera 
 House on F.utaw street. They carried handsome banners of 
 each society, with badges, and made a fine appearance. The 
 Germania jNIaennerclior Society had sixty barouches of mem- 
 bers and three wagons. 
 
 Much the largest body in the Third Division, and one of 
 the most striking in the whole line, was the United Horse- 
 shoers of Baltimore, who had about three hundred men 
 present. They were preceded by the Westminster Band of 
 fifteen musicians. Marshal Edward G. Barron and twenty- 
 five members were mounted. The journeymen horseshoers 
 followed on foot, liehind them was a wagon drawn by four 
 horses, handsomely decorated. Tlie interior of the wagon was 
 fitted up with anvil, furnace, bellows and all the tools of the 
 craft, and several sturdy smiths kept the anvil ringing and 
 the hammers clanging on their -way through the streets. The 
 wagon was adorned with shields bearing the State coat-of- 
 arms and numbers of flags. Four barouches, with members, 
 followed tliis wagon. Over the first barouche was a giant 
 horseshoe, emblem of any amount of good luck, inside which 
 the coat-of-arms of Maryland was displayed. Another wagon, 
 also profusely decorated, carried eight men busily working at 
 a furnace. 
 
 Noticeable in the line of the Fourth Division was the Haru- 
 gari Society, displaying a tableau emblematic of the order. 
 This was mounted on a large wagon, bearing the device, 
 "Friendship, Humanity and Love." A large cedar tree was 
 erected on this vehicle, with a banner nestling amid its 
 foliage. Seated under the tree in front of the banner was the 
 old Harugari, apparently long a centenarian, dressed in black 
 robes, his liair and beard white as snow and streaming over 
 his venerable shoulders. By him, one on each side, were 
 seated his two bards, also with white streaming hair, but clad 
 in snow-white garments. Harugari was personated by J<>hn 
 
96 Mi;.M()l!IAL Vol.lMK. 
 
 Schmidt, antl the bards ])y Jacob Sceler and Wm. Peters. Ten 
 little fiirls in imre white dresses assisted in the tableau. Mar- 
 t^aret Fredericdv represcMited CJeriuany, the order being alto- 
 gether confined to CJernians, and the others bore devices repre- 
 senting different lodges of the order. The tableau was quite 
 effective, altliougli somewhat mysterious to the uninitiated, 
 and leaving a wide scope for imagination as to its true mean- 
 ing. Ab(nit two hmidred and fifty members of the order 
 followed in procession, with banners and regalia, uiidrr Caiit. 
 Jolin Kan, marshal. 
 
 A novel and imposing i^art of the parade was that of the 
 Black Knights in their sombre-colored but ricli uniform. 
 Twelve kniglits, with H. Geuman, marslial, were on horse- 
 back. Their sabk? uniforms were set off by capes falling to 
 the waist, the colors of wliich were relieved by gold lace 
 trimming around the collars, and also by red plumes with 
 white tips in the chapeaux. In a barouche were several offi- 
 cers of the association, among whom was " Old Father Gray- 
 beard," impersonating some secret officer. A long false white 
 beard and a crook were the accessories employed to produce 
 tlie ettect desired. About forty knights on foot followed the 
 carriage. In the rear was a knight crowned and armed, at- 
 tendtnl by two other knights carrying lances. 
 
 The Barbers' Beneficial Association, G. F. Robelin, marshal, 
 and fifty men^bers, had a well-decorated wagon, fitted up in a 
 most amusing manner. The wagon was ornamented witli 
 strijjes and stai"s and colored glass globes; on one side a liuge 
 razor hung out equal to the toilet of Goliah of Gath, and in 
 front was a razor made of wood. Inside the wagon was a 
 table on which were scent bottles, brushes, and all that was 
 necessary to make a barber shop on wheels. 
 
 In the Fifth Division the manufacturing industries of Bal- 
 timore began their remarkable display. The order and 
 arrangement were very good, and the effect was startling 
 for its variety and its suggestions of ingenuity, contrivance, 
 apjdied .science and extensive use of improved machinery. It 
 began with bread and flour in nil their forms at the head of 
 tlie line. The bakers, the niillcrs. the dealers in feed and 
 yeast all came in here, and there was a suggestion of I'>;ilti- 
 
MEJIOUIAL VOLUIME. 97 
 
 more's ancient supremacy in the world's flour market in 
 Charles A. CJambrill & C'o.'s reminder that the I'atapsco flour 
 mills, at Ellicotts' City, were established more than a hundri'd 
 years ago, in 1774. Then came the grocers, the dealers in salt, 
 tea, &c. Messrs. Martin (iillet & Co., one of the oldest import- 
 ing houses in the country, had a Japanese junk in line, labeled 
 " He-Xo," and manned by natives of the Eastern island king- 
 dom. The junk was decorated with canopies and streamers, 
 it had a dragon-like prow, and was a fac simile of the real 
 Japanese " sampan." 
 
 In the Sixth Division the wagons and employes of Mr. 
 Otto Duker gave illustrations of the practical part of their 
 business, sawing timber, planing, making sash, framing, all 
 by steam power. There was a picture showing the hand in 
 1730 cutting fifty feet of lumber per day, with its reverse, the 
 hand of 1880 turning off ten thousand feet. Many of the 
 firms in this part of the line had models of their places of 
 business or miniature representations of their style of work, 
 while all exhibited choice samples of what they had done 
 and could do. The display of the pianomakers was a very 
 handsome one. The firm of Wm. Knabe & Co. exhibited a 
 harpsichord of 1789, made by Burkat, of London, for Charles 
 Carroll of Carrolton. This was thrown into contrast with a 
 Knabe grand piano of 1880. Stieff showed, alongside of his 
 new instrument, an Amsterdam piano of 1743. 
 
 The Baltimore Postoffice headed the line in the Seventh 
 Division. J. W. Harris, attired in old-style coat, leggins and 
 broad-brimmed hat, with gray wig, and moimted on a horse, 
 Avith saddle-bags, represented the mail of 1730. A one- 
 horse chaise, with the mail-bag strapped behind, and driven 
 by J. S. German, represented the mail of 1775. Next came 
 the Concord mail-coach, brought over from "Washington for 
 the occasion. It was drawn by four horses, and inside on the 
 three seats were S. J. Edward, M. F. Holland, George B. Jean, 
 George D. Sears and John B. Harman, employes of the post- 
 office. Four armed soldiers, dressed as Continentals, with the 
 mail-tender and driver, were on top, as were the mail-bags. 
 On the rear were strapped trunks, big and little. This repre- 
 sented the mail of 1800, and truly looked it. Following this 
 
98 MEMORIAI- VOLUME. 
 
 was a wagon representing Progress, bearing on each side pic- 
 tures of the post-rider of 17.}() and the post-inail service of 
 1S8U. The mail wagons, six in number, followed, each with a 
 postal railway mail service clerk lieside the driver. Harrison 
 i'ark was in charge. The letter carriers, eighty in number, 
 ill full winter uniform, under Capt. Hooper, assisted by J. M. 
 IJicluirdson, followed, headed by Hoffman's Baud. Then fol- 
 lowed a number of carriages. In the first were F. W. ('a.ssard, 
 assistant postmaster; Capt. 15. F. Null, assistant superinten- 
 dent ; J. J. Daugherty, superintendent money-order division, 
 and Treasurer Gunnison. In the next were R. E. Pioyd, cliief 
 clerk; \V. II. H. Sultzer, superintendent city delivery; M. L. 
 I'orbes, superintendent of the registry division, and F. M. 
 Smith, chief local agent. Another carriage contained 8. R. 
 Smith, special agent Postoffice Department, Washington, and 
 in charge of office delivery; R. W. (Jurley, superintendent free 
 delivery service, Washington; M. S. Showacre, superintendent 
 carriers' service, IJaltimore. Then came the following ex- 
 postmasters of Paltimore: Gen. Edward Shriver, Dr. John 
 Morris, W. II. Purnell and C T. Maddox. Jlr. James Lawren- 
 son, the oldest clerk of the service, followed in a carriage. 
 
 Following the postoffice display was that of the House of 
 Refuge, <;en. (I. II. Steuart, marshal. It consisted of three car- 
 riages, containing the officers of the board and superintendent, 
 and wagons containing the band of the institution, W. H. Xix- 
 son, leader, representations of the different working depart- 
 ments and boys Avorking. The shoe department was on a 
 four-horse truck, decorated. One of the boys, attired in the 
 costume of 1700, represented the style of shoemaking of that 
 day ; machinery and boys at Avork making shoes showed the 
 improved methods of the present day. The boys of the sevei~al 
 departments of the institution on foot, accompanied by officers, 
 marched by foui-s and by battalions, and presented a very 
 neat appearance in their gray suits and caps. The small 
 boys who were unable to stand the strain of such a long 
 march, were in decorated wagons, one of which had a sewing 
 machine to represent how the little fellows made themselves 
 useful. A ]ilatform watron, decorati'd and carrying vegetables, 
 iS:c., had upon it the boys who worked in tin' horticultural 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 99 
 
 aepartiuouts. The basket department was on a large wagon, 
 witli many of the boys engaged making wicker-work. Tlie 
 tailoring department, represented on another large wagon, also 
 had a nnmber of boys at work. The pearl-button department, 
 on a four-horse truck, with boys at Avork, also made a fine 
 display. The officers of the board in the display were Dr. J. 
 J. Graves, president; \V. ^¥. Spence, vice-president; ^^'. H. 
 Graham, treasurer ; Wm. Reynolds, secretary, and L. A. liirely 
 and Robert KirkAvood, superintendents. 
 
 In the line of the printers, who mustered strongly, Frieden- 
 Avald & Co. showed a uniciue design, an immense book, sixteen 
 feet by twenty, and four feet thick (mastodon folio) sur- 
 mounted by girl compositors, a printing press, a case of type 
 and a bust of Franklin. Hoen & Co., the lithographers, pro- 
 duced, very literally, a rock which spoke in trumpet tones — 
 as if their stone engraving Avere a wine which needed any 
 bush. In the neAV manufacturing branch of plated Avare and 
 electroplating, the dainty exhibit of Ilamill it Co. attracted 
 much attention. C. W. Ilamill, head of the firm, marched in 
 front of his thirty-four employes, Avho wore black suits, hats 
 and buff gloves, and badges of old gold. On an oval-shaped 
 table, thirty-six by sixty inches, mounted on a Avagon, a large 
 epergne, thirty-six inches high, occupied the centre, Avith four 
 arms extending tAA-elve inches from the central bowl, Avhich 
 AA-as gold-lined, and sixteen inches in diameter. Each arm 
 held a gold-lined boAvl, ten inches in diameter. The piece 
 was supported by a large round base, at the top of which Avere 
 four gold dolphins, driven by winged cupids. In front AA-as 
 an unique dessert set, with three serA-ice A'essels, around the 
 centre piece of chased repousse, on the base of AAiiich were 
 three sAvans. There were also three other pieces— ice-pitclier, 
 soup bowl and tureen, of chased repousse. In the rear AA'as 
 a large tilting ice-pitcher, lined Avith gold, Avith cups and 
 ice-boAvl. 
 
 In the Eighth Division the right of the line was held by 
 the butchers, under their marshal, Mr. Tegges. There were 
 six hundi-ed of these in line, on horseback, riding in divisions 
 according to the color of their horses, the members of their 
 different associations folloAving in barouches. The display of 
 
100 MKMOIUAL V()LUME. 
 
 tlie oyster and fruit cauuers and iiackers was comnien«iu-ate 
 with the inoportions of those kuiding Ikiltiniore industries. 
 Jt doubtless must liave surprised many persons to see wliat 
 varied and artistic forms sueh simple objects as the packatces 
 in whicli these goods come to market can he arran.ired in. 
 The Daltimore brewers and uialsters marched with Kinj? 
 Gambrinus in their van. His rubicund majesty (personated 
 by Mr. Charles Sclireiner) was attired, as became sucli a 
 monarch, in royal purple, and there was a courtly air about 
 him and his suite which reminded one of Longfellow's picture 
 of the Ivhine : " If I were a German, T would be proud of it 
 too ; and of the clustering grapes that hang about its temples, 
 as it reels onward through vineyards in a triumphal march, 
 like Bacchus croAvned and drunken." The tableau of the 
 beer-garden wedding, "the union of hops and barley," was 
 rather too broad and unctuous in its style, perhaps, to suit 
 American tastes. It had a smack of Robert Burns' "John 
 Barleycorn " about it. 
 
 All this part of the procession was filled with the best of 
 all tahleaitx-vifants — the trades at their actual work, and an 
 immense ingenuity was exercised in perfecting these dis- 
 plays f-o as to compress sometimes all the operations of a 
 great workshop within the space afforded by the breadth and 
 length of a dining-room table. Even the heavy workers in 
 stone and metal contrived to shoAV their Avays of labor. Iron 
 was forged on actual anvils; marble was cut and sculptured; 
 boiler-nuiking and riveting, horseshoe nail making, file cut- 
 ting, wheelwright work, all were done in the line of inarch 
 and Avhile the i)rocession was in motion. It was the sense of 
 reality pervading a highly idealized tribute which these 
 things gave that contributed so much to the public's enjoy- 
 ment of this monster procession. 
 
 It was far too long to tell about in minute detail, with the 
 separate mention of everj' feature. The eye indeed could not 
 take in the tenth part of all the great display. It was forced 
 to turn away for rest. Night closed in before the streets were 
 cleared of the detached portions of the procession, making 
 their way to different sections of the city. A part of the 
 parade made no attempt to reach the Schuetzen Park, where 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 101 
 
 the exercises were beiii^ lield. It would have been folly for 
 them to attempt it, since the place could not accommodate 
 them. The weary spectators who went home after the spec- 
 tacle were too tired to talk about it ; but they had seen 
 enough to fill their thoughts and imaginations for many 
 months and to give them food for conversation that is not yet 
 exhausted. 
 
CHAPTER FIFTH. 
 
 Till' OradoiiM— Scliiict/.i'ii I'ark iiiid llio Ilistoric-sil Society. 
 
 n^HE programme officially promulgated fur tlio fii-st day's 
 J^ performances in the great municipal fete — a programme 
 so closely adhered to as to demonstrate effectively the com- 
 pleteness with wliich those in charge had considered and pro- 
 vided for every arrangement, down to the very miimtest 
 detail — jirescribed first tlie illustrative and historical proces- 
 sion; next, the celebration in Schuetzen Park; third, the gen- 
 eral illumination; fourth, (incidentally), the addi-ess before 
 the Maryland Historical Society by Mr. John Austin Stevens, 
 of New York, on " The Surrender of Yorktown." 
 
 The route of the procession was from Broadway to Balti- 
 more street, thence west to South street; .south to Pratt street; 
 west to Eutaw street ; north to Lombard street ; west to Fre- 
 mont street; northwest to Baltimore street; east to luitaw 
 street; north to ^Madison street; east to Charles street and 
 around Washington's monument ; west by ^lonument street to 
 Howard street; south to Baltimore street; east to Calvert 
 street ; north, around Battle iMonument, to Lexington street ; 
 east to Holliday street; south to Fayette street; east to Gay 
 street, then northeast by Gay, Biddle and AVashingtou streets 
 and Belair avenue to the Schuetzen Park. 
 
 This park, a beautiful site in the northeastern suburbs, 
 the private property of the Schuetzen Association, had been 
 selected for tlie performances by the German societies before 
 it became apparent that the celebration was to assume such 
 liberal proportions. In the final arrangements the selection 
 was cheerfully acquiesced in, as being proper in itself and a 
 com])liment deserved 1>y those who had been so active in pro- 
 moting the Festival. The park was handsomely decorated, a 
 stand for speakers and for music was erected and every prep- 
 aration made for entertaining the enormous crowd. It Avas 
 
memouluj volume. 103 
 
 understood, from the first, that the Schuetzen Park could not 
 afford room for a tenth part of the great industrial procession, 
 and a great proportion of it began to file off to the right and 
 the left long before the park was reached. In spite of this 
 there was a vast multitude present, both of societies and indi- 
 viduals, and the enormous space was quite as full as was 
 comfortable. 
 
 The exercises were set for half past three o'clock by the 
 programme, but in fact did not begin until about an liour 
 later. At that time, the procession having filed in and filled 
 the space fronting the stand erected in face of " the Adminis- 
 tration building," the German choral societies, the Germania 
 llaennerchor, the Liederla-anz, the Arion, the Concordia jNIsen- 
 nerchor, the Ilarmonie, the Beethoven and the Fidelio Quar- 
 tette Club, marched to the stand. When they arrived, the 
 Fifth Regiment Band, wliich was in attendance, performed 
 Meyerbeer's Coronation March, led by Prof. H. Hammer. 
 Eev. Dr. George Armistead Leakin thereupon offered up the 
 following 
 
 Almighty God, whose days are without end, and whose 
 mercies cannot be numbered ; in Whom we live, and move, 
 and have our being, we adore Thy goodness and revere Thy 
 Majesty. 
 
 On this Birthday of our City we commemorate Thy Provi- 
 dence leading us safely through all vicissitudes and making 
 the wilderness blossom as the rose. 
 
 We dedicate this Festal Jubilee as a monument of Thy love 
 and we pause in our varied occupations to thank Thee for the 
 past and implore Thy blessing on the future. 
 
 May the festivities begun this day be crowned with pleasure 
 without interruption and recreation without excess. 
 
 " We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have 
 told us what work Thou didst in their days, in the times of 
 old," and now we would bequeath to latest generations the 
 privileges we enjoy : an unstained public credit, liberty regu- 
 lated by law, and, above all, " Thy service which is perfect 
 freedom." 
 
104 MEJIOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Thou gavest the power of thought : To Thee our thoughts 
 ascend. From Thee lias come the impulse of irnititude : To 
 Thee our love returns its warmest praise. Thou sustainest 
 that memory which reveals the past : AVe remember Thee 
 who hast crowned that past with mercy and loving kindness. 
 From Thee our faculty of speech is derived : Our voices this 
 day return to Thee their noblest expression. 
 
 And as we welcome the stranger and exchange congratula- 
 tions with friends and fellow-citizens beyond the sea, we 
 gladly communicate with Thyself, ever present and respon- 
 sive to tlio children of Thy love. 
 
 We gratefully remember those benefactors who have given 
 to our city, institutions of learning and hospitals of relief, and 
 we also thank Thee for the thousands known to Thyself who 
 have faithfully performed their duties as citizens and left to 
 tkeir families and to this comuumity unsullied reputations. 
 
 Surrounded by these witnesses, may our citizens find a fresh 
 incentive to ])atient, honorable exertion, and derive from this 
 anniversary higher asjiirations. 
 
 Bless our Judges, our Legislative and Executive Officers, 
 with Thy support, that remembering their trust from Thee 
 they may i)nnish wickedness and vice, and maintain Thy true 
 religion and virtue. 
 
 From the temples of religion let doctrine, combined with 
 example, purify and elevate the community. May the con- 
 ductors of om* iniblic press realize the iniluence they exert on 
 our homes, and find in the diffusion of right principles their 
 surest success; and may the officers and teachers of our public 
 and private schools strive to mould characters which shall 
 last when statues crumble and decorations fade. 
 
 We know not what new fields science may explore, art de- 
 velope, or invention suggest, but we gladly welcome their 
 advance, assured that their highest ascent shall herald Thy 
 glory and man's happiness. 
 
 We know not what political changes may mark our future 
 history, but we know from the past that if Thou keep the city 
 we shall repose in safety, and the veiy storms shall evoke 
 and illustrate Thy pauseless care. 
 
iMEMURIAL VOLUME. 105 
 
 And when time shall bring another anniversary ; when the 
 places of this multitude shall be filled by our children's 
 children, may they recur to this day and our example with 
 unalloyed satisfaction, and may their material prosperity be 
 excelled only by their love for Thee and harmony with each 
 other. 
 
 We present our adorations in His name, Who lias taught us 
 the prayer of Ages : 
 
 " Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed he Thy name, 
 Thy Kingdom come, Thy will he done on earth as it is in. 
 Heaven, give us tJiis day our daily bread, and forgive us 
 our trespasses, as tee forgive those toho trespass against us, 
 and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, 
 for Thine is the Kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for 
 ever and ever : Amen. 
 
 The prayer was received in silence and with respectful 
 attention by the hitherto noisy multitude, which was taking 
 the refreshments of the park in the sedate way belonging to 
 Gennan assemblages. After the prayer the combined singing 
 societies rendered the Ossian chorus of Beschnitt in an effec- 
 tive style. At its close the male chorus sang "The Star- 
 Spangled Banner," with full orchestral accompaniment, in the 
 most enthusiastic manner, nearly the whole immense audi- 
 ence taking part in the refrain. When the emotions awakened 
 by this sterling performance had subsided, Col. J. Thomas 
 Scharf came to the front of the stand and delivered his ora- 
 tion on " The Rise, Progress and Development of Baltimore," 
 as follows : 
 
 COL. schaef's oration. 
 
 "This city has come of age. To-day we celebrate its 
 majority. To-day, and all this week, with fond hearts, with 
 eager minds, with the pride of relationship and the affection 
 of children meeting at their parents' knees and looking 
 fondly up into a mother's face, we dedicate and consecrate to 
 the festival of Baltimore's natal horn-, to the celebration of 
 our city's arrival at matured strength and virile growth. Bal- 
 timore has come of age and enters into the possession of her 
 inheritance. The landmarks of that great estate are all 
 
106 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 
 
 around us; its monuments are perspicuous to every eye, but 
 no vision, however cramped by en\y, however strained by 
 le^ritiniate expectation, can comi)ass the bounds of that free- 
 hold as they are set out bold and wide upon the illimitable 
 bordei-s of the futm-e 
 
 " Whose margin fades 
 Forever and forever as we move." 
 
 Baltimore has come of age, yet some of those here, who now 
 proudly do homage to this hour of its manhood, were witnes- 
 ses of its vigorous expansion in youth, of its active struggles 
 in infancy. For we are not an old city, in spite of all our 
 lusty growth. Our span of existence does not outrun the 
 compass of two natural lives that have filled the Psalmist's 
 limits — seven score and ten years only we have lived — one 
 hundred and fifty years and no more is Baltimore's age, yet 
 we declare her full-grown — able to stand alone and prudently 
 to manage this large inheritance. 
 
 Yes, my friends, all who hear me, all who have witnessed 
 this day's great pageantry, will unite with me in declaring 
 that Baltimore has como of age. The lives of cities vary: 
 some mushroom figments spring to ripeness like Jonah's 
 gourd, in the brief months of a single season ; some are still 
 infants at a thousand years ; some are babies ever, perennially 
 out to nurse. But Baltimore to day is full-grown. I call to 
 witness her scars received in battle, and the tall and shapely 
 monuments that commemorate heroic deeds and sufferings 
 still more heroic ; 1 call to witness her liberal proportions and 
 serene and smiling dignity ; the respect that she feels for her- 
 self and the honor that is accoi-ded her among nations; I call 
 to witness her achievements in industry, in science and in art, 
 at the 1)ar and in the forum, her commerce on every sea, her 
 charities that touch all lands; f call to witness the memories 
 of a distinguished past, the swelling glories of a pro.sperous 
 present, the grand promises of an exhaustless future; I call to 
 witness this day's scene and all its varied jjomps and magnifi- 
 cent displays — this loftiest of all the monuments yet erected 
 in this Aronumental City — I call all these to witness that Bal- 
 tiuK^re is c()iu(> of age! 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 107 
 
 Full grown, lartve and shapely ; clear in vision and correct 
 of tliou.u-lit ; wisely planning, slow to offense, vigorous in de- 
 fense ; brain well adorned and amply furnished ; hands deft 
 and skillful and not ashamed of labor; this is our stature 
 to-day, the virility of matured youth, unbrowned by the cares 
 of middle life, unbent by the stooping declension of old age- 
 strong enough to wrestle with and overthrow each rival, yet 
 young enough to yield to them that deference which modest 
 youth pays to the seniors and elders. For large as we are, 
 Baltimore is still the youngest of all the commercial cities of 
 the Atlantic seaboard— a mere child to hoary patriarchs like 
 Saint Augustine and Quebec and Montreal; the junior of 
 New York by one hundred and sixteen years, of Boston by 
 one hundred years, of Charleston and Philadelphia by fifty 
 years. We are younger than New Orleans and Newport; 
 Kichmond and Norfolk overtop us many years, and as for 
 venerable Annapolis, that ancient beau among the cities 
 already wore periwigs and sported its gold-head cane and 
 diamond-studded snuff-box before Baltimore had put on 
 swaddling clothes. 
 
 A crowded youth these one hundred and fifty brief years of 
 Baltimore have been, vicissitude and achievement compressed 
 equal measure into a blaze of vigorous noble life. Think of 
 it all, fellow-citizens, and be glad and proud, exult in the 
 glory'of the present, bend reverently before the memories of 
 the past. The Heaven that planted our beloved city upon 
 these auspicious shores bestowed upon it men with strong 
 hands to improve that plantation, with stout hearts to defend 
 the borders they embellished. By the memories of that past, 
 by our veneration for those generous and noble founders, do 
 we feel assured the gates of the future open inimitably before 
 us. We can be certain of Baltimore's perpetuity, because we 
 know that she has bred immortal men. The habit of their 
 eagle eyes has taught us unwinking to stare upon the sun. 
 
 One hundred and fifty years ago— how brief a page to 
 turn!- this Baltimore of ours possessed sixty acres of ground, 
 worth forty shillings per acre in Marjdand currency. Nine- 
 teen hogsheads of low-priced tobacco, free on board ship, 
 would have bought the whole tract. There was one ship that 
 
108 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 came to these waters ouco a year, from London or Bristol. 
 Tliere were three dwellinji: houses here, a mill on Jones' Falls, 
 some tobacco liouses and barns, one wayside tavern perhaps, 
 an orchard or two, some middling fertile patches of ground, 
 and in the whole county-side, about a population of forty- 
 three people, all told. That was our beginning I From that 
 small seed this goodly sheaf of ripening corn has sprung, a 
 harvest for the nations. 
 
 The seed soon began to sprout and send up shoots. In 
 17!;»G-''J7, when Baltimore was incorporated, its commerce ex- 
 ceeded that of Boston ; its exports wei-e worth more than 
 §12,000,000 a year; it owned one hundred vessels of 1:5,000 
 tons, and its annual shipping amomited to 60,000 tons. Its 
 population was already over 25,000; there were 3,500 houses; 
 there were sixty merchant mills near by, with numerous other 
 manufactures, and, as the New England geographer confessed, 
 our city contained "a larger proportion of men of wealth 
 and probity in commercial affairs than any of the seaport 
 towns," and its exports were greater in proportion to its pop- 
 ulation than those of either Philadelphia or New York. 
 When the city celebrated its first centennial, in 1829, the 
 population had increased to 80,000 and the area to 9,300 acres. 
 Now, in 1880, in the same area, Baltimore has 330,000 people, 
 in addition to 40,000 whom she lends to Baltimore county, 
 without getting a thank ye for them, much less the legal in- 
 terest which such a loan should earn. All this in a century 
 and a half — all this growth, all this expansion, all this- 
 development — 
 
 " The seed, 
 
 The little 8eed they laughed at in the dark 
 
 Has risen and clcfl the soil, and grown a hulk 
 
 Of spanless girth, that laj-s on every side 
 
 A thousand arms and rushes to the sun." 
 
 There must be a reason for such a growtli. There mu.*t be 
 a cause in the subject itself for all tliis vital energy, all this 
 tremendous expansion, all this constant upward whii-l of sym- 
 metrical development. That cause, which has inspired the 
 rise, progress and development of Baltimore, is tliree-fold; it 
 is to be sought in the location of this city, the men who 
 seized upon and utilized that site, and tlie institutions which 
 
MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 109 
 
 tliey moulded for our government and guidance. Site, men, 
 institutions — upon tliat tripod tlie glory and greatness of 
 Baltimore have been erected, and while these foundations 
 rest nothing can ever shake the arch or unsettle tlie sux)er- 
 structure; Avhile these rest the earth may quake, the winds 
 blow and the floods come, but all in vain, for our house is 
 built upon a rock, held to the solid centre of things by 
 anchors of. adamant and links of steel. 
 
 Let us not imitate those wlio are disposed to make light of 
 the judgment which planted a city on this very spot. They 
 builded better than tliey knew, it is higlily probable, but Ave 
 cannot too higlily praise their unconscious wisdom. There 
 are grumblers who are even discontent with such a site, who 
 would have us, as Norfolk is, at one end of this Chesapeake 
 bay — this ISIediterranean of America — instead of at the other; 
 who would prefer us to be on bold water, and bounded by east 
 winds and Newfoundland fogs, like Boston, or sandwiched 
 and flattened out between two rivers, a second New York, or 
 above the head of tide, like Philadelphia. There are some 
 unreasonable cavillers among us who regret that Baltimore 
 was not founded on Moale's Point, or "Whetstone Point, that 
 It does not lie upon the Spring Gardens, or climb those bolus- 
 hued slopes of Anne Arundel, which continue to be the berry- 
 pickers' joy. There are even those who make light of the 
 turbulent floods of Jones' Falls, and are disposed to turn up 
 their noses at the basin! It is well for us that these cari^ing 
 and railing critics did not have the planting of Baltimore. 
 
 Let us not contemn our debts to nature. Let us not forget 
 that four Baltiinores were established and only one survived ; 
 that fifty hopeful cities started in tlie race to become the 
 metroi)olis of ^Maryland, and only one has reached the goal. 
 Nor was it chance or accident that did this, but, on the con- 
 trary, the nice discrimination of the founders who planted 
 Baltimore, as Tyre and Alexandria were planted, at tlie head 
 of the inland sea which combined the shortest land route 
 with a favorable sea route between "East and West — the point 
 where the Atlantic ocean pierces nearest to the heart of the 
 continent — Avliere North meets South, and both fraternize and 
 affiliate ; where climate and rainfall are most erpiable. Here, 
 
no .ML.MolM.Vh VolA.Mi:. 
 
 where likewise tide and I'l-csli water meet, the basin gave our 
 little shipping its needed snug harbor, and Jones' Falls sup- 
 plied water-power for milling. 
 
 Baltimore, let us comprehend, was born in a comiiromise, 
 was the symbol and the product also of a transition. At tliis 
 X)oint, in the planting of this city, not only did fishermen 
 shake hands with farmer, as the Maryland coat-of-arms sym- 
 bolizes, but also the backwoodsman and the oysterman here 
 had their mutual mart, tlie miller of the I'atapsco supplied 
 the wants and bought the i)eltries of the trapper of the 
 Susquehanna, the Shenandoali and the Youghiogheny, and 
 deacons in New England and fox hunters in the valley of 
 Virginia equally found tlie town on the I'atapsco to be their 
 cheapest common market. The deacons were better traders 
 than the fox hunters, but both knew where to come for their 
 supplies. 
 
 The importance of the site of Baltimore must, therefore, 
 not be despised. It was the medium of climates, the com- 
 promise of latitudes, the tertium quid of frost and tropics. 
 But these characteristics were later discoveries, and it is 
 important to understand how the nascent metropolis held 
 its own while these various qualities were becoming to be 
 appreciated. How did Baltimore forge ahead of all its rivals 
 on the Chesapeake and its tributaries; ahead of Georgetown 
 on the I'otomac, of Annapolis, of Oxford, of C'harlestown on 
 the North-East, of Joppa on the Gunpowder? How did it 
 hold its own while its communications with the "back coun- 
 try" were being gradually opened? I believe fully that Bal- 
 timore owes its final victory to the fact that it was started 
 here on this very site, on the North Branch of the I'atapsco, 
 on the basin, and at the mouth of Jones' Falls. Georgetown 
 had the water-fall, the flouring mills, the back country, the 
 fisheries, the tobacco, the trade with Europe and the Indies. 
 But Georgetown did not have the natural liarbor, the unex- 
 ampled early facilities for cheapening transportation which 
 our basin and its docks gave to the first merchants, nor was it 
 so near to broad water. Annapolis had the luirbor, but did 
 not have the back comitry nor the mills. C'harlestown had the 
 ore-beds and fouiulries that Baltimore would liave found on 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. Ill 
 
 tlie Middle Branch, but lacked tlie mills and liarbor. Joppa 
 liad neither Jones' Falls nor tlie basin — it was but a road- 
 stead on a river. 
 
 Tlie advantages wbicli Baltimore had in its site are, there- 
 fore, obvious and manifold ; its situation at the head of navi- 
 gation on the Chesapeake bay gave our city its continental 
 advantages, which it will ever maintain over all its rivals on 
 the Atlantic seaboard ; its relative place on the bay gave it 
 advantages over its Chesapeake rivals, and these advantages 
 were clinched and crystallized to Baltimore's use by the posi- 
 tion of the basin and Jones' Falls to the harbor. The basin 
 did for Baltimore what the Golden Horn did for Constanti- 
 nople — it determined the existence of a city at that point ; it 
 afforded to the shipping of the day a sufficient, safe, snug 
 harbor; it facilitated and cheapened transportation. Just as 
 to-day the fact of Baltimore's terminal facilities and short 
 lines, by giving it an advantage of half a cent a bushel over 
 New York, determines the delivery liere of thirty or forty 
 millions of bushels of grain which we would not otherwise 
 get, so in the first thirty years of the city's existence the New 
 England, the back country and the West Indies trade centered 
 here and defied the rival interests of tobacco, because the 
 basin enabled the merchants of the day to provide safe 
 harbor and cheap transportation. 
 
 From the beginning until now, therefore, the story is con- 
 sistently the same. The superiority of the site of Baltimore 
 over all rivals, past and present and to come, resolves itself 
 into the single formula of superior facilities for cheap and 
 rapid transportation. That is the nucleus around which all 
 our industries centre, and fronr which all our growth has pro- 
 ceeded, by which all our conquests have been made. So long 
 as we recognize the value of these advantages and maintain 
 them sturdily, Baltimore can smile at rivalry and rejoice in 
 competition. But maintain them we must as resolutely as 
 those old merchants did in the past when they built up our 
 city. All these clear-sighted men acted on this principle of 
 furnishing here at Baltimore the best terminal facilities and 
 the cheapest transportation to be had on this continent. 
 They did this when they built the Baltimore clippers, the 
 
112 JtEMORIAL VOLLME. 
 
 swiftest brigs and scliooners that skimmed the seas. They 
 did this when they joined the flour mills of the back comitry 
 to the docks and piers of tiie basin by the earliest and com- 
 pletest system of turnpike roads in the United States. They 
 did this when they accei)ted New York's gauntlet of tlie Erie 
 canal l>y constructing the first railroad in America. They did 
 this when they twice challenged (ireat Britain's power in 
 defense of State autonomy and in defense of seamen's rights, 
 and transformed this busy little seaport into a " nest of 
 pirates," wliich sent out its wasps to sting British commerce 
 on every sea — a nest which still the foeman failed to crush 
 and did not dare to enter. 
 
 These men who built up Baltimore were worthy to have 
 such a site to work upon. Th^ race of the founders is still 
 not dead, thaidv God ! You behold their works springing up 
 around j'ou whichever way your eyes may turn. Our monu- 
 ments to them cannot ai'ise so fast as their reciu-ring deeds of 
 beneficence demand — nay, there is not room in our public 
 places for memorials to all the sons of Baltimore who have 
 tiu-ned aside in their careers to toil for her, to fight and bleed 
 and die for her, to endow her institutions and her charities 
 with the earnings of their sagacity and labor. These men 
 venerated Ikiltimore as their parent and cared for her as 
 their child. They toiled for her like Jacob at work for 
 Kachel; they thought of her always with tender devotion 
 and far-reacliing solicitude, loving her as the very apple of 
 their eye, caressing and adorning her while they lived, and 
 giving her the place of honor in their wills when dead. 
 Their devotion has made her annals a gala.xy of jewels; may 
 she never be ashamed to wear these ornaments as she wears 
 them now upon lier l)Osom, over her lieart of hearts ! 
 
 The race of the founders is not extinct, yet it takes much 
 to keep up .sucli a noble strain of blood — it needs a McDonogh, 
 a Peabody, a Hopkins, to prevent Baltimore from regretting 
 the memories of Carroll, Howard, Patterson, Oliver, Stephen- 
 son and Purviance. Peabody and Hopkins will liave their 
 successors likewise — perhaps there are even before me now, 
 in the body of this throng of enthusiastic sons of Baltimore, 
 }ui'U who have sworn that the dear old city shall never lack 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 113 
 
 in tlie endowment of devoted children — men to Avhom the 
 next generation will bnild monnments and dedicate memo- 
 rials. May their tribe never decrease! 
 
 The men who founded Baltimore were full of sagacity and 
 enterprise, but what astonishes us most in them is that per- 
 sons gathered from all the commercial world, persons of such 
 cosmopolitan origin, should so soon have been able to fan the 
 spark and kindle the flame of the intense local pride and 
 afl^ection which they felt for the little town they were build- 
 ing. The names of the commissioners who laid off the town, 
 Tolly, Hamilton, Buckner, Walker, Gist, Hammond, Buchanan, 
 shoAV a strong preponderance of pure British blood in Balti- 
 more county at the time. The lands belonged to Carrolls, 
 Moales, Mountenays, Colegates, the tenants were Joneses, 
 Flemmings, Gorsuches, the lessees were Ridgelys, Trottens, 
 Sheradines, Jacksons, Powells, Harrises, Fells. But, at the 
 end of twenty years, what a difference there is to note. Hardy 
 Scotch-Irish and canny Scots, French refugees from Acadia, 
 and French traders from the 'West Indies, Spaniards, Portu- 
 guese and New Englanders had flocked in, while, thriftiest of 
 all and canny as any 
 
 " From the bleak const that hears 
 The Nortliera ocean roar, dccii-blooming, strong, 
 And yellow-haired, the hlue-eycd Geimans came." 
 
 They came in first from Pennsylvania, Suabians as well as 
 Saxons, but afterwards by way of Bremen and Hamburg and 
 Rotterdam vessels, they came not only from Prussian land 
 and Suabian land, from Rhine regions and Bavaria and the 
 Marches, from Pomerania and Westphalia, from the blue 
 Danube and the tawny Vistula, but from all the broad ex- 
 panse of Faderland to help build up and decorate this city. 
 
 These changes in population appear in the names of the 
 people. We find Risteau combined with Talbot and Lux 
 alongside of Blackburn; Barnetz and Beck are on the same 
 street with Livingston and Townshend ; Gupon consigns to 
 Hall ; Uhler has business relations with Philpot ; Chamier and 
 Christie put their names on the same subscription list with 
 Steiger and Meier and Larsch and Faber ; Otterbein preaches 
 under the shadow of Tibbs' church; Bourdillon succeeds 
 
114 MEMaiUAL VOLUME. 
 
 Hooper in the ministry; Tschudy, Trol<leiner, Strieker, DilFen- 
 derfer, Keiser, Keener, Stouffer, Munnne, Littig, Keyports 
 become familiar names. 
 
 Yet these people, although thus di-uvn froui all jtarts of 
 Europe and all parts of America, united in one common i)nr- 
 pose to love Baltimore and build it up speedily and substan- 
 tially. The Irishman Stevenson erects a palace and earns the 
 name of the American liomulns becau.se of his devotion to 
 Baltimore, and in the hour of pestilence he turns this palace 
 of liis into a small-pox hospital; one (Jerinan builds a brew- 
 house, another a hall for Congress, a third straightens Jones' 
 Falls; the Englishmen build ships and bring trade from all 
 the world ; and French, German, pjiglish, Scotch and Irish 
 club purses in public subscriptions to improve wharves, 
 market-houses and streets, to endow churclies and charities. 
 
 From the fust these founders of Baltimore had a distinct 
 public i)olicy, which they pursued with sagacity and persist- 
 ence. The Maryland colony outside of them was purely a 
 tobacco growing plantation, to which ships came and drove a 
 thriving trade, bartering their stores for the i)laiiters' tobacco. 
 Baltimore determined to become a commercial city, to have a 
 diversified industry, a large shipping-, and both exports and 
 imports — to become a mai*t, in other words, where its jiroducts 
 might be exchanged for those of the world. Hence it built a 
 fleet of vessels and wharves and docks to accommodate them ; 
 it built mills as well as tobacco-houses; and, as the back 
 country gradually opened, it pushed its roads westward, 
 northward, southward, at the same time that its vessels ex- 
 tended their trading into every sea. The work done liy these 
 founders was simply wonderful. Before the Constitution of 
 the T'nited States was adopted a Baltimore ship liad appeared 
 in Canton roads, another astonished the Governor General of 
 India at Calcutta, and Baltimore roadmakers were laying out 
 turnjjikes towards the Monocacy and the Suscpiehanna river. 
 These Baltimore nu>rchants establi.^hed their trade with Car- 
 lisle and the Cumberland valley before Philadel])hians got 
 there; they traded witli the Sheuandoali country before Alex- 
 aiulria and Bichmond got there; they penetrated to Rochester 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 115 
 
 and all Lake Erie before New York got tliere ; tliey reached 
 the Ohio river before the Indians liad left. 
 
 It was these men who set Baltimore the example which she 
 has since followed tliroughout her career, of being hrst and 
 foremost in all great enterprises and noble undertakings, just 
 as they taught us at the same time to be conservative and 
 moderate in politics and opinion. That, indeed, is the mean- 
 ing of the Lord Baltimore motto as it applies to this commu- 
 nity, "Fatti maschii parole femine " — masterly works and 
 conservative opinions. How well it suits us ! The catalogue 
 would be too long did I attempt to enumerate the firstlings in 
 which Baltimore enterprise outran her slower-treading rivals. 
 This city, which made the first turnpikes, made the fu-st rail- 
 road also, if it did not have the first steamboat. It preceded 
 the ATorld in the use of illuminating gas and in the magnetic 
 telegraph. It put up the first iron building and the first 
 cylinder press in the United States ; printed the first agricul- 
 tural paper and hoisted the first American flag. Honored be 
 the name of Commodore Joshua Barney for that deed ! 
 
 The founders did not boast of these achievements — let us 
 imitate their modesty. Yet, slow of speech as they were in 
 self-praise, they were apt to mean a thing very positively 
 when they said it, and to hang on to those conservative 
 opinions of theirs with a bull-dog grip. If occasion arose, 
 they would back these opinions, too, for all they were worth. 
 Purviance, when the news of the battle of Lexington came, 
 sent Samuel Smith at once to arrest Governor Eden, and it 
 was not the fault of either that Eden escaped. "When Carroll, 
 signing "most willingly" the Declaration of Independence, 
 heard it whispered behind him " there go some millions," he 
 immediately added the name of his estate, so that the foe 
 might make sure of liim, and thus eternal history made sure 
 of Charles Carroll of Carrolton. 
 
 When old John Eager Howard heard that it was proposed 
 to surrender Baltimore to Ross in 1814, "I have," said he, "as 
 much property at stake as most persons, and I have four sons 
 in the field ; but sooner would I see my sons weltering in their 
 blood, and my property reduced to ashes than so far disgrace 
 the country." " Put me doAvn $50,000 for the defence of Bal- 
 
116 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 tiinore," said Isaac McKim, whou lie heard Eoss was rominii:. 
 When the revohitionaiy war broke out, the whole jjeople of 
 Baltimore, except a few Tories, rallied to the defence; they 
 sent money by tlie thousand pounds to the coffers of the Con- 
 tinental Congress; they raised several companies of troops at 
 once ; they converted their merchant vessels into cruisers, and 
 devoted their shipyards to the construction of naval vessels. 
 They clothed Lafayette's soldiers, and filled the gaps in Mary- 
 land's continentals made by such fierce battles as Brooklyn 
 and Brandy wine and Camden, Cowiiens and Eutaw Springs. 
 This spirit of the old founders suiwives yet also. "NVe have 
 seen it in Xathan Ryno Smith, assailed by ruffians while pre- 
 siding over a political convention, and saying, "you may 
 thrust me tlirough with knives, but you cannot move me from 
 my position." We have seen it in Johns Hopkins, offering 
 and risking his whole fortune to arrest a commercial panic, 
 not because he was in particular peril of losing by that dis- 
 tress, or of profiting by its stay, but simply out of his pride 
 in being a citizen of Baltimore. 
 
 These founders, developing this site and teaching their suc- 
 cessors how to develop it, in the short process of one hundred 
 and fifty years erected upon this spot one of the most consid- 
 erable cities of America; a city which, in addition to the pop- 
 ulation, the wealth and commercial authority I have enumer- 
 ated, has earned a place of consequence in the world of 
 thought and opinion, the world of science and the world of 
 aesthetics, the world of jurisprudence and of society. I would 
 not hope to be forgiven if I recited simply names and gave 
 you catalogues here. I know by exiierience and far more 
 thoroughly than most men, that the history of Baltimore is 
 not to be condensed within the limits of a leading article, nor 
 its chronicles to be embraced in a paragraph. I wi.sh, indeed, 
 that time were here afforded me to speak of Baltimore's nota- 
 ble churches and more notable divines; of the eminent men 
 of science whose researches and whose skill have made our 
 schools of surgery and medicine famous; of the leading jurists 
 and counsellors whose pleadings and practice have given the 
 Mai-yland bar that standing which is accorded it 'u\ two hem- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 117 
 
 isplieres. But why brint,' to iny lips the cup of Tantalus of 
 which I may not sip ? 1 will; because I must, forbear. 
 
 The founders of Baltimore who developed this noble site 
 built much more than houses and ships, roads and machinery. 
 They built up much else besides their own fortunes and a 
 race of men to wear their mantles when they were dead. Men 
 die and are no more remembered; fortunes perish under 
 znoth and rust ; machines grow crank and obsolete ; ships rot 
 and sink and houses crumble into ruin; even great cities 
 themselves have tumbled into mere heaps of potslierds and 
 ashes, their nation and their name forgot, their memory van- 
 ished like a fleeting cloud. But institutions do not perish. 
 They are immortal as the souls that breath through them and 
 inspire them, and the founders of Baltimore built institutions 
 on this spot when they laid their bricks in mortar for this 
 town. They built not by rule of thumb, nor in servile imita- 
 tion of other patterns, but what they found good they took, 
 and they left at once what did not suit them. The spirit of 
 sturdy independence as well of other men's rule as of other 
 men's opinions was a leading and distinguished trait of the 
 founders of Baltimore. Lord Baltimore's authority sat very 
 lightly on them from the first, but not more lightly than the 
 ancient manners of the easy-going, tobacco-growing, rather 
 aristocratic province of INIaryland. 
 
 Baltimore early bred a pure democracy, a trifle fierce, a 
 trifle rude in customs, hard-fisted, free-spoken, prone to call a 
 spoon a "spoon" and a spade a "spade," independent to the 
 back bone. It very early stripped off the silk stockings of 
 Annapolis in favor of its own stout woolen hose, preferred the 
 dust of mills and forges to the dainty pearl-powder of the 
 barber shops, and, in place of laced shirts and velvet doublets, 
 would have its own green baise jackets, out of the pockets of 
 which a carpenter's rule and a mason's trowel were sticking. 
 These traits are reflected in the institutions of Baltimore 
 from the start. We loved good living and to take honest 
 pleasures in a hearty way, but that way was not to be guided 
 by the dancing master's precepts. It was a plain, sober, 
 business-like way, demanding to have things "ship-shape," 
 despising to keep them in bandboxes. 
 
118 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Baltinioro had tri'eat trouble and a hard ptrusrfrle to conquer 
 the okl in-ovincial prejudices and wliini-whani.s of the eoun- 
 ties, and brhig them to her solid way of thinking-. The long 
 fights over the principles of i)0pular representation and 
 elective offices, of public schools and general education, of 
 internal improvements and fiscal reform, the battles against 
 imprisonment for debt, against the property qualification for 
 voters, and in favor of the ballot and a vote by polls as 
 against votes by estates, all these Avill illustrate the questions 
 in which the institutions built up by the founders of Haiti- 
 more ran counter to those ingrained in the prejudices, the 
 ancient manners and established customs of the State. Those 
 battles were stiff ones, but the founders and their successors 
 did not care for hard knocks; they stood manfully for their 
 rights; they nailed the flag of their institutions to the mast> 
 and they won. The silk stockings of the counties yielded — 
 yielded gracefully, too — to the ruder jerkins and hard practi- 
 cal fists of Baltimore. County members sometimes may be 
 heard to abuse our city for its spirit of monopoly and self- 
 aggramlizement, but they will not accuse us of attempting to 
 nuiiiopolize to ourselves all the advantages, all the blessings 
 of those peculiar institutions of Baltimore, the universal 
 ballot and the free public schools, which she forced the State 
 to adojtt, at the same time that she unhinged the doors of the 
 languishing debtor's prison, imparted humanity and enlight- 
 enment to our backward civil and criminal code, and lent the 
 expansive mantle of true charity to our poor laws. 
 
 Those plain matter-nf-fact people, the founders of Balti- 
 mor(\ went direct to their objects with the same straightfor- 
 Avard intensity of energy and sincerity and whc^le heartedness 
 of purpose with which they laid the keels of their vessels or 
 served their guns against the enemy in battle. This is one 
 secret of their great conquests, not only over time and siiace, 
 but also in those liigh moral regions where laws and in-inci- 
 ples are incubated, and systems constructed and matured. 
 We cannot too steadily and too constantly keep their pattern 
 before us. It was their hands which grafted the tr(>e whose 
 fruit sustains us aud whose blossoms rejoice us to-day. A\c 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 119 
 
 aro their sons, and, therefore, heirs to the greatness of their 
 performances. Let us vow to perpetuate such examples. 
 
 The founders of om* city and its institutions gave to these 
 the imi^ress of their own minds and the stimulus of their 
 own virtue. They were idain and frank in manners, sturdy 
 believers in self-government, stubborn upholders of liberty 
 and combatants for independence. They were calm, far- 
 seeing, sagacious, practical, persevering; seeking competence 
 by useful industry, and building up their city as they built 
 up themselves. They steered by the chart of practical virtue, 
 without pretence or self -laudation, but not without self- 
 esteem. Their structure is before us to-day, a symmetrical 
 and well ordered city and community, its brief annals crowded 
 with achievements in polity which mighty nations Avould be 
 proud of, and conquests in commerce and industry that make 
 our prosperity envied. Fellow citizens, you know and feel — 
 visitors, strangers, guests, I call you all to witness — that we 
 are, in the words of Paul of Tarsus, "citizens of no mean 
 city." The inheritance the fathers have left us, and which 
 we are improving and enjoying, is a possession and a glory, a 
 monument of fruitful thrift, a shrine of greatness and honor. 
 
 But, because cities grow and develop, so also they may 
 dwindle and decline. As youth and vigor follow after in- 
 fancy, so may age and decrepitude succeed in due order. 
 Prosperity may vanish, trade may prove a fluctuating vanity, 
 wealth corrupt and enervate, and license ape the sacred garb 
 and mimic the holy offices of liberty. As Tyre and Alex- 
 andria faded, as Venice and Antwerp have declined and 
 waned, so may our beloved Baltimore dwindle and decay if 
 we neglect the examples set us by the founders and make 
 light of tlie lessons they have taught. Their virtues must 
 continue to be our virtues. Their sobriety and industry, their 
 liumanity and charity, their righteousness and patriotism, are 
 the parts of our inheritance without which all the other 
 things they have left us will be but as empty bubbles. If we 
 let go of these we will hold fast to the shadow while the sub- 
 stance departs, and all our glorious possessions, if we do not 
 use them justly and beneficently, in the spirit of the founders, 
 and to great and noble ends, will prove to be a poor illusion, a 
 
120 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 censure and a shame. To-day lias many lessons for this com- 
 miniity, fellow-citizens, but none so important as this. Bal- 
 timore has come of age — let lier i)rove her manhood by 
 preserving her iiiheritauce pui'e and clean, an apple of gold 
 in a vessel of silver." 
 
 The great crowd of persons in all the various costumes of 
 the fete, the workmen in blouses, the continentals in bulf and 
 blue, the "Kellners" in their white aprons, busiest of the 
 excited throng, heard with attention and never interrupted 
 except with applause. Many of the points wliich the orator 
 made, touched the chord of feeling in the audience and drew 
 forth long and loud plaudits. This was especially the case 
 when the speaker referred to the contributions made by Ger- 
 man tlu'ift and energy to the development of I3altimore. At 
 every .such allusion the welkin rang with cheers. 
 
 At the close of Col. Scharf's oration the orchestra gave 
 " Maryland, my Maryland," after which Col. Frederick Kaine 
 was introduced aud delivered the German oi-ation, as follows : 
 
 eof. ^•. 9intnc'S JRcbc. 
 
 28cnn ic^ bie grof;c 91}cnfcf)cnmcii(ic, bio ()eutc, nm (?f)rontnnc 5*a[timorc'§, 
 f)icr ocrfainmclt i)"t, iiticvblirfc, baiin kbt iiiir baS ^(x^ nor Jvvciibc. 6ilt c» 
 borf) ciiicr A-cicr, bic uui()( flcciiiiict ift, imi iiiit iicvcdjtcm ^tol.^c *ju crfii[lcii ; 
 (lilt Cv bod) finer ^ckx, bic UH'it iiiib brcit bcv 2l'clt ncrtiinbcn foil, bafj 
 i^iiltimoro, imfov licbcs tficuvcc' l\iltiinovo, iinici1)iiUi bcr l.JO ^\ai)xc fciiicr 
 Priftcn^ mif bcv iivof,cii 2?ii[)n bcc- Aortfdivittfs iiid)! .^iiviirfiictilicbcii ift ; biif; 
 i^iltiiiiovc ct'cnbiivtiii in bcv ilfciftc fcincv 3d)mcftcrftiibtc in bcni iivof;cii.Uiiiiuifc 
 bcv luitioHiiIcn Piitmirfclinui bic cf)vcnbc (rtcllinui bcfiiiuptct Out, UHid)c im 
 *^Iiu)cnlilid fciiicv iH\ufmbinuT ini» Allien novcic^cidinct univbc. Clmuifjl, luic 
 iMcIc uoii ,^N()ncn, ciiicv lum ^scncn, bic bcv flvof.c £d)ionnnii bcv Hon un» 
 iicunil)ltcn 'Dditionalitiit nufiicfi''!U'H Out, cvfiilltce inid)bod) init(icvcd)tcm 3toUc, 
 biif; ill bcv iKimiltiiicn iH'vfdjnicl^unc^ bcr (5icnicntc, lucldic Ocutc bic Sixciit unb 
 ben tidcbcnbcn (^icift bcr 3"fiinft bilbcn, ba-j C*lcmcnt, bcni id) nnb iaufcnbc 
 Don Osfliif" iiniic()orcn, nie nirtfu^cbcnbcr Jvaltor bcv L^iituiidchiiui cine cOvcnbc 
 3tellMnii cvvnniicn Out. C*'J finb bicfcv tcinc citlcn 3*3ovtc, cincictKOen mm bein 
 (vntOnfiiivmno, bcv nicOv obcv meniiicv Oente nnfcvcn Osbceniinnii bcOevvfd)t, c§ 
 finb JiHivte bcv llebev^eniiunii, bcr crnftcn llinOnnnii, fcftyiOiiltcn an bcr 
 (5vvnni]cnfd)iift bcv iH'vaon(jcn[)eit, in bcm iitanen-iiampfc bes ndtionnleii 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 121 
 
 Seiiiy iiiif)t ,^ii ovmiiiicii imb iiuv 511 tvcucii, „uiie luii'-i baiiii julclit fo rjcrvlid; 
 lucit gc&vddjt." 
 
 ..SBivi it)r icii QScift ba- 3oiicii Iicifit, 
 
 3)iis iit im (Svuiiii bcr .C^cvvcit dn'm-r Gcift, 
 
 Sii ticm bii; ^I'itett fid) licipicflclii." 
 
 Sit moif)tc fo (lent nod) mand;c ©cbanfcn Ijicvan fniipfcn, oficr 
 
 „rP5 frnflt SScrftonb iinb rcifiter Sititt 
 9Jlit lucnig Krajt fic^ jelbcr Uor." 
 
 5ri?ir nfic „fd)iiffcn nm fiiufciibcn S[«ctiftiir)lc bcv 3^'*/' unb id) imif; fdjon 
 biivauf tniucii, biif; ^ic 5111c, tuie -^k f)cute luiv inir flcl)cit, in bcr Iji't'clfdcr 
 cincn Sporn cvblidcn, fcftjuf)altcn iin ben £cf)vcn unb Gvtiif)vunflen bcr 
 iH-riinngcu()cit, niitjutiinUifcn an bcr ^(nfgiibc, nicld)c bie 3utuntt nn un-:- ftcllt. 
 
 5riid) jclU „!i'n|'jct mid) jucrft bon nnfcrcn 5>cirfa()rcn Unxdjcn, inbcin c^ fid) 
 jicnit, if)ncn bet ciner fold)cu 6ctcticu[)eit biefe G()rc bcr Gni)dr)nunii jn 
 cviueifcn. 5^enn fie r)ii6cn buvd) if)ve 2iipfevfcit bicfce i^cinb cro&crt unb Hon 
 @cfd)Icd)t ^u Wcfd)led)t (il» cin fveic§ liercrbt. S^od), tuenn 3c"c beg SobeS 
 inertf) fiub, fo fiub c§ uufeve Initcr nod) in f)of)evem Gvtibc ; benn fie f)a(ien 
 ju 5) em, rang fie cmpfniiaen f)attcn, ^ a I, uuia tuiv bcfilum, Ijiiiju cvnunben. 
 gnblid) f)alicn ra i r f c 1 (1 ft, junuii bie miv in uovijeviidtem ?Utcr ftef)eu, ben !J3iiu, 
 meld)cn fie beiionnen I)iitten, raciter (iu§ciefiit)vt unb bie Stobt in alien 5Sejiet)un= 
 gen auf'g 23efte iui§iicriiffct uin fid) in feber .s^inf'rfjt flf'Uirt 511 fci"-" 
 
 Siefe 2«Dvte bcS avofjen ntf)euifd)cn ©tantguuinncs '^Hn-itleg fd)eiucn miveine 
 t)affcnbe Ginleitung ju fein fiiv ^a§, ranS id) f)iev jn fiuien f)iilie. ^imiv raivb 
 man Cs fiir uevnieffcn anfefjcn, raenn id), ber G i nge nui n bcrte, in ber 
 ©t.uad)C lion G i ngc raanber ten unb im 9(uftraac lum gvbf!tentf)cil§ 
 6 i n g c ran n b c r t e n Uon ben fviif)even ©ciu-vatiouen flivcd)e ; bod), id) bitte ,yi 
 bcbeufcn, baf; rair 5cntfd)e in 33a It i move nid)t uon „gcftcrn unb 
 ef)egcftcvn" fiub. I«eini oud) biete I)icr bov mir fter)en, bie faum ein 
 l^icl•teliar)vf)nnbevt im Sanbc Icben, bie if)ve 3.Hn-far)rcn an bev nnbercn Seite 
 beg gvof'.cn S'Jaffcrg gctaffcn Ijabcn, fo fcf)e id) bod) and) 51taud)e f)icr, bcren 
 9>atcv unb Givofunitcr, jn, llrgrofuniter unb llvurgrofUHiter fd)on am Tcutfd)laub 
 l^icr cingcraanbcvt finb, beven SBiege einftmalS am Ufer bcr bcutfd)en Strome 
 ftaiib, unb bie beiniott mcine Sl^ovtc tierftcr)cn. Sie Tcutfd)en biirfen mit 
 Stols fagcn „1I n f c v 33. a 1 1 i m r c !" benn eg raaren ^5 c u t f d) e n n t e r b e n 
 © r ii n b c r n b i c f c r © t a b t ; S e n t f d) e i}akn an ir)rer 5!}icge gefeffcn, 
 b e u t f d) e U a n f ( e n t e rjaben ir)ren ©ccf)anbe( entraidein r)clfen, b e u t f d) c 
 S n b n ft r i c n c Ijaben ba.^n bcigetragen, if)r eiuen 2r*cltrnf ,^u uerfd)affen, unb 
 ber ?y(eif! unb bie 33etricbfamtcit beg b e u t f d) c n «' ( c i n g e ra c r b e g f)aben 
 if)r gutcg 5ir)cil ba,5n gctf)an, a3a(tiniore ju 3)em ,yi mad)cu, rang eg ift, unb 
 f)eute barf id) mit 3to(,^ bcf)aupteu, bafj jebcr 5 ra cite 3x-raol)iu-r unfcrcr 3tabt 
 
122 JIEMORIAL VOLUMR 
 
 cicrmnnifrfjc? 23Iut in belt ?(bcrn ijat, jebcr brittc 5Jamc in unicrcm Piti)= 
 ^^ivchnn) ciii bcututcr ift, jcbcr D i e r t e S a 1 1 i m o r e r uoii Xcut|"c()cii in bor 
 eincu obcr iinbfvcii 3'Jcifc abftiinunt, jcbcr fiinfte bcutfd) ucrftctjt unb jcbcr 
 fc(f)5tc ini Stanbe ift, bcutlM) 311 fprcii)cn obcr 5U Icfcn. i!?>a()rlid), cine 
 Shitionnlitcit, mcldje in cincni frcmbcn 3iVltt()cilc Ha a Don fid) riiftmcn 
 bnrf, ()at cin ilJcdjt, fid) on eincr |old)en 2cnion|triition in Ijcruorriu^cnbcr 
 SlVifc 311 ()ctl)cilii]cn. 
 
 9(U uor loO ;j;ar)rcn iinfcre Stnbt if)rcn crficn ?lnfiiii;i uii[)mi unb in bcr 
 llmi]Ci]cnb bcr 3tcl(c, non tnclcficr jclit bic Shippcl nnfcrc^— ncbcnbci iicfiuit, Don 
 cincm 3:ciit|d)=5(nicrifaner crboutcn— iniid)tiuillcn 3i"at()()nnlc-j Ocriibcr fdjinimcrt, 
 bic crftcn tiO ?lrfcr nly „iViltintoic= Joiun" ucvincffcn luiirbcn, 511 jcncr 3^'' 
 luoOntc bort, ii'o I)ciitc folibc .'OciMMuntieI)dufcr an bcr 0"()arlcs|'lr., stuifdjcn 
 l'onilHnb= unb 6crnuint'tni|;c, i()rc i^iivcaur ()iilicu, cin bcuttd)cr 3iilnirfHiflciu3cr, 
 3 f) ii n n 51 c ni ni i n ii, „bcuttd), ii'ic Saucrfrnnt," bcnn (ilc- man in Ihh- 
 Iccicii[)cit uni cincn 'Duinicn fiir cine bcr ncnn i'linc-J unferer juuiicu 3tobt itrnr, 
 minntc nuin bic 3tro|";c, locldjc fcincn Mrautivutcn burdjfdjnitt, jGermanstreet, 
 unb fo ()cint lie b'li auf ben (jeutiiic" 3:(icj. 2i."enn Sic bic l"iiolto-;' anfcftcn, mit 
 bencii nicin oifinib unb (nilleac .s>r. ?(runii[) 8. *Jlbcll, fein „£un"=(*5cbiiube 
 iiefdjmiidt [jot, |o mcrbcn 2ie ini (U'litrum bcr brittcn (venl'terreibe cin^ finbeu, 
 liield)C-j ()eii;t : " To what proportions has John Flemming's cabbage- 
 garden grown !" Uiomit bic „Sun" bod) jcbentiillc- fcicieu luill, bnf! 3?(iltimprc 
 Dorbent cin bent)d)cr .Urautiiartcn nnir. Ser Finnic U I) ( cr unrb ^^Imn 'Mm 
 befannt fein ; cine beutfd)c 5cimiclic bmdite i()n in biefe-;- Vdnb, unb nod) ()cutc 
 licrftcf)en u i c I c lU)lcv-J b e u 1 1 di, troUbcni cin „U f) 1 c r ' g M u n" ()ier criftirtc 
 lanflc tiorficr, cf)e cs cine Stobt 5?altinune flcib.— Wan fac^t iicmiifjnlic^, 
 „liio cine .^■{ird)c ftcOt, bant bcr 3enfel cin 2!}irt()c-f)au-:' baneben." 2cr 3prnd) 
 nuifl iiiaf)r fein, fo meit bcr OJottfcibeiuus in Araiic fonunt ; abcr id) fann C^ut^ 
 Don cincm T c u tf d)en berid)tcn, ber cin 5iMrt[)v[)au-^ an bcr G)ai)f(rai;e, na[)C 
 ben iviillen baute, — ba, mo ftcnte A>r. Pftriftian @ef)( fcine burftiiicn Jhnibcn 
 Inbt,— al-3 C5 nod) fcine ,Uird)e f)ier 3c0n Weilcnin ber 9hnibc ciab, unb jcncr 
 bcntfd)c 2i}o()lt()atcr, meid)er ba':- erflc ilMrt[)vf)aUi' baute, f)ief; 3ioI)ann .s^Pift- 
 3cinc ''liad)fommen baben iibriiicn» bic Siinbe if)re» 3(()ncn gut c]cmad)t unb 
 madcr .\{ird)cn iicbaut. 
 
 Tod) and) fromm umrcn bie crftcn Teutfd)cn in 3}a[tiniorc ; bcnn bic 3 m c i t c 
 ,Qird)e, mcldie iiberbaiipt I)ier crriditet murbe, mar cin beutfd)C5 Giottevfiau?, 
 bcffen *J>rcbiiicr C^()riftian ^aber (jic); ; S^oc- flcfdjof) IT.'iS. fiaum cin r)albc» 
 Wenfd)enalter fpiiter murbc bic Cttcrbein'fd)e rtird)e t)icr erbaut, beren Wemcinbc 
 Dor ^I'brcn ibren h"entcnuialfeicr bciiinfl.— SBcnn Sic fid) cinnuil bic 5!}erfc 
 unb ^(uffdhe mcinc-j ftrcbfamcn junc]en ArcnnbCi<, be§ Pol. 5. 3f)o-;-. 3d)arf, 
 ctma-r- niU)cr anfebcn, fo mcrben 3ic erfabrcn, mcld)c li?ad)t bie Teutfd)cn fd)on 
 Dor l.'iO unb 12') o'lbren in i^altinune marcn ; cr mirb ,"\()uen Don „3tcitier's 
 TOeabom" er^Ujlcn, auf mcld)cr f)cute bic fiinfte unb Dicrte 2l^irb ftc[)en, cr mirb 
 
MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 123 
 
 vil)ncn Don bcm 3immcrmrtnn ^atob Su[)&ovb kricfiten, bcv fpiikr im Uim(i= 
 [(diujiateitsfvit'iie iiiitcr bcm 'Jfnmcii ^nfi' i^ceinivts t5iuhuif'j=%ciit fiiv bie 
 C5ontiiu'iitciU*.'lviiu'e mnv ; or luivb ^ijnm tiicicii,bcii';bt'rcvfk I'iiillcviHiltiiiuive's, 
 6cimj lli. '.yicijcr, cin ^ciitld)er unir, iiiib b(i|; bie Unircjvii|;imittcv ciiicv aiibcvcn 
 bctamitcn S^i'iiil't bie cvfte beiitid)c .vicbaiiimc i^nltimovc'!:' i)cnicicn ift. 'iHufun'^ 
 bcm Ibimcit 3ie iit |eincn Si"Hn1cn nod) .viunbcvte ion binitl'djcn 5uinu'n finben, 
 bcrcu iuirtcr Dov 150 iinb lUO 3"f)i-'"i oiinminbalcn nnb bcvcu 'Diadjtoinmcn 
 Oeiite ju ben cvften (Vciniilien i\iltimore'y ciefjoren ; id) nennc I)iev nur bie 
 cmitf)-?, .C'^i^ff""!"^"' Sd)(ci)*5, inin iMbbevi-, Getu'nbanner», Siniienfclbevv, '-bcnk, 
 Stouffevu, Stoncvs, iSfjoematevs, 3tcinevs, i^alticU^', ihitj, &\']t-2, 'JUbcrts, 
 '-!3alev3, Snrffjs, u. ]. m. 
 
 Sdjon 1748 baute bcr teutfd)c ixivniti f)ier bie evftc 2?rai;erci, bny cb(e 
 ^lUjerbier loar fveilid) banials nod) nid)t 53fobe, benn baS fam crft f)unbevt 
 oiif)ve fpdtcr f)ier nuf, unb mein alter J^rennb 2."s.MI[)elni .s^olUnuinn wan a 
 iueld)er ben cvften Stoff 184.j Don '^^fjilabelpfjia Ijicr inuiovtivtc unb fid) fo bei 
 ben SBaltimovcr 23icrtvintevn unfterblid) nuid)tc. C^'inc ^vib'veidje opulcntc 
 beutfd)e iM'auergilbe ift feitbem I)ier cutftdnben nnb fovi^t bnfiiv, bnf; ixiltimovc 
 nidjt uerbuvftet unb nid)t ini ll!if;brQud)e bes ■'^lltobol^ uevfommt. 
 
 ^lls ber llnabf)dnijiateitx-fricij nuebrad), ftctlten bie 2:cutfd)en liJcn-i)(iinb'§ fd)on 
 9{ccvnienter unb bie 3;entfd)cn 33altiniore'a Polle Pompoi^uic'n in's Jvclb, nnb 
 cin bcutfd)er ^ti'D umr ber beriif)nite ixiron be Slaib, uield)er oui KJ. 
 ?(utinft 1780 on ber Spitic bcr "Maryland-Line" bei Grtuibcn in Siib^Piirolina 
 ben .s^elbcntob ftnrb. Unb 015 ber 0" outinentaUPongrcB 1778 au» '^^bilcibclpbia 
 fliidjten muf;te, tonnte if)m cin ^ c n t f d) c r in 23 a 1 1 i ui o e, .s>r. ,;jafob in-it 
 (Aite), in feincr cu'ofjcn .Italic, (1-de Hon i\iltiniore= nnb Sbavpftr., cine 
 ,3nflud)t-jftdtte bieten. 
 
 9?id)t nllein TciS : bie erftc 5.1J ar f t fja 1 (e 2?ciltintore'a nnirbc Pou 
 ■J e u t f d)en crrid)tet, fie f)itf5en keener unb -f'inrt, unb untcr ben Porporatoven 
 ber cr ften 5cuc riDC f) r fpiclte 6eorg Sinbcnbcrgcr cine bcbentenbc 9{olle. 
 llnfcrc S^nubsleutc tnnrcn imr (jnubert ^nf)"" bier fo riif)riii unb f)od) nncicfebcn, 
 biif) bcr obencrmiibnte £'otalf)iftoriter Pon ibncn fiiflt ; "These enterprising 
 Germans were at work in extending the City long before the Purvianccs, 
 Lawsons, Spears, McLures, Calhouns and the other Scotch-Irish Presby- 
 terians, to whom the city owes so much of its prosperity, had set a foot 
 on this continent." 
 
 Jic Tcutfd)en, incld)c fid) Por bcm lliuibf)dnciififcitsfrief(c l&icr nnfiebelien, 
 tmircn bi§ nuf oereiujcltc iiber (Sucilnnb nu^iicnninbcvtc ^»fiil,^er teinc birettcn 
 l^inmiinbcrcr ; fie famcn meift ciu« ^nncafter, SJcnbinti unb ?)ort, '^^'unf., unb 
 nid)t aienii]c umreu bcreit-3 Hon beutfdjcn (f-ltcru im Snnbc flcboren, mic ?,. 33. 
 bie 23ii[)nc-, 21iniiluff§, £touffer§ u. 51. Vlbcr fie fjidten .^U) nn beutfd)cr 
 3prcid)c unb Sittc, unb tnie fcft fie nnd) nn bicfem ncucn iMitcrloiibe biiHini/ 
 fie fd)dmtcn fid) uid)t, Teutfd)e jn fein. (?rft luid) bcm Ai'i^ben non In-rfailleS 
 
124 MKMOIUAL VOLUME. 
 
 ctf)iclt Baltimore cine bircrftc beut|ilx C^inmauknimi ; bie opulcntcn .vlnufkiitc 
 bcv nitfii .V)onl'cftiibtc 33vciiumi unb .ttambiiva bocvmncn, (jicr Jilinlcii ju cjvuiibcii, 
 uiib crpcbivtcn i()vc 3itirfc (jicvfjcr, lucld;c bcv 3tiibt iiiib bcin 3taiitc iiiamlje 
 lDcrt()iiollc, IcOfiibiiic ?\xad)i jufiifjrtcn. 3" "^f" ucun^igcr 'Z^al)xai finbcn luiv 
 bcrcito jiifjlvcidjc bciitfdjc .'omibliiiuv:-l)iiuH'r unb 3il)cbcriirmcii in bcr jmun'ii 
 £ee|"tabt, unb cily i^iiltiniore 17'JlJ juui 3{dni^o eiucr iMti) crtjobcn univbc, unucn 
 unter ben liebeii crftcn StobtviiKjcn bvci Tcutfdjc— (jiuicKjavbt ^jcifcr, (iJeovcj 
 i'inbcnbcnjcr unb *-|.H-tcr .'poffniann. 2:cv 'Jlbrcntalcnbcr bc3 !oti()vca 179G 
 cnt()dlt bic bcutfd)cn 5iiinicu 5Uvid)v, SUtinitcr, a3auni, i\inU, Sninlj, 3?au»= 
 maun, 3?crf, (iiiclin, .s;iorncv, (iniid), (inc[(l, gitd^'v, S-^mbcl, y-ovnci, J-uf;, 
 &([\. ^aitmann, .siiiidjbcrijer, .f)cincr, ftimnii, fiautmann, ftcilI)ol3, flolb, 
 S{cl)lcv, Jiuvl^, iJciutcrmild), i'ovmann, i'ulj, 5JJciicvid)nubt, liiiltcnbcnjcr, 
 33allKr, ltiund)f)ciutcn, atittchuofcv, 9icin()(ubt, Sicincdo, 9hittcr, (cd)tmnl?, 
 Sd)vil)cr, Scibcnftictcv, £d)vi)iid, Sninu'alt, 8aucmH'in, tSticocv, Stcrtcv, 
 3tiimp, etrirfcr, Stauffcv, Sullicr, lUjlcv, J^loppcv, ^^iccilcr, ^inuncrnumn, 
 ,Si.illitotfcr u. f. ID- i*ii-'lc ^on ben gcnanntcn ftanbcn nn bcv Spit;,c flvofiCv 
 ©cfdjdftc ; nic()vcvc, luic bic iHanjc-;, «ci)icv-;, 3?vunci:, Stouffcv-:- u. 'JL, (jnttcn 
 ®d)iffc nuT ben "I'iccvcn unb contvolivtcn ben mcttiubi|'d)cu ^■^nnbcl. 
 
 (Se roiivbe (jicv ,yi lucit fu()vcn, luolltc id; bic 3">''if)i'"-' ^f^' S:cntld)t()uni-: in 
 l\Utiniovc lion :,Vif)v 5" Cuif)v ncvfohicn ; gcniiiic ce, 5U bcnu'vfcn, bur, ld)on ini 
 ooviacn 3rt()v()iinbcvtc ciu bcutfdjcv Tvudcv ba» 9JJavtl)viuni am fid) ncbnu'U 
 touutc, cine bcuttd)c ^cituna I)icv I)cviiu^-^ui]cbcn.— Hub nl-j iui ^saljxt IBlii bic 
 juuiic 9{cpublit sum jincitcn 9J{nlc uiit (fniilonb uni i()vc Unnbljdncvali'it 
 fdnipfcu uiuf,tc, itclltcn bie Scut|d)en iViltinunc'5 cine DoUc ^liiicv^Ponipdcinic 
 ill's 5elb, unb bcv CfRiifi', lucldjcv bic 2>cvt()eibinunii bcC' ^liiKn-J ciCiU'" bic 
 Slottc be-j ^JlbmivnlC' Cuirfbuvu Icitete, mnv llJcijov 91vniftdbt— cin SU'teiunnlinn 
 Don Tcutfdjcn, iiu3 beni £()cncinboab=2fHilc, befien llionunieut cinftnuiU- anf 
 bcm Gal«evtitvnr,en=2pvinii=?ot ftnnb. S:ic llfiiitcneinRninbcvunii bcv Tcul|"d)cn 
 bcivinn uni bic 3cit be-:- SlMcucv Pmuiveiie-:, unb feit jenen Siuien finb unfcve 
 I'anbjlcutc ju 3:autenbcn unb .f^unbevttnuknben in 2?altinune gcJnnbct, unb 
 cin (\vi3i;cvcv obcv iicvinaevcv ^^vrsentinl; bcvfclben ift ()icv i^cblicbcn. S^icfc (yiiu 
 iimnbcvunci bcv sunin^icU'r, bveir.ieiev, nicv^iKv unb iiiutsiiU'v vS'if)" f)rtt "'it 
 A-liimnicnfd)viit iOvc Ii()iitcn in bcv Pntuiidchnuisgc)d)id)tc unfevcv Stnbt pcv= 
 jcidjnct. Tic i\iltinuncv GUic-inbuftvie nnivbc uou cineni Tent|'d)cn bciiviinbct, 
 cv f)icl'; 9(nuiun(i ; iViltimovcv iHiiden I'inb nod) aQcn 2()eilcn bcc' (>ontincnt3 
 (ic|d)irtt uiovbcn, lie iibevfpnnnen bic 3d)lud)ten bcv '?((le!i()anicc-, bie uuid)tiiKU 
 >2tvi)mc bec' 5!3cl'ten-- unb 3iibeny, bie (5rnl)pni> bcv AClfeniicbiviic, bie I'lbiiviinbc 
 bcv 9(nbcn unb bic 3tvi.Mnc bcv liib=iimfvitanifdKii 'iHimpnCv— bcv !)iad)tonimc 
 cinc§ Teutidieu, 3«enbcll ikidnuin, f)at bicfc ^nbuftvic I)iev iKl'd)iiffen ; i*iilti= 
 inovcv '•■l.Manotovtcc- [)aben eiuen ai\itvu()m, bic l}icii(ic '^Miiuo=o"f'iM''vic luuvbc 
 Pon S c u if d) c n cicfdHiffen unb ift Oeute imd) tian.S o » o f d) I i c f, 1 i d) i n b c n 
 ^ ii n b c n u n T c u t f d) c n ; bie Otubuftvic bev oii'iU'lbvenncvci, bic o'li^iMtiic 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 125 
 
 ^aaxe ftiv bcii S;)anM jujubcrcitcii, [iiib Srfjopfuugcn bcutfdjcr Giniuanbcrcr ; 
 eiit 3}cutfdjcr Ijat bic 6oiifcn)cii=:oitbu|tric Ijicv bcrtviiubct ; bic arofUe Subact3= 
 gabrif bc§ Stantcy unb cine bcv avbfitcii bcr Melt ift eiii beutfdjes ©efdjcift ; 
 bod}, iibgefel)en lion biefen a r of; en (Srruugenfdjaften unfever Vimbslente, 
 biiden Sie in bus @efd)dft»ieben, luotjin 8ie moUeii, 'Sie luevbcn ^eutfdje an 
 ber topvitK' nnb nidjt felten an ber 'Spi^e finben ; bus 3)toauen=cye)djdft, 
 Wholesale and Retail, i[t juni gvofiten ifjeile in ben -S^jdnben Don Xeut)d)en 
 unb beutfdjen 'Jlbtoniniliiujen ; bcutfd) finb ^Jfetiijer unb 33dder, 'cdjneiber, 
 ©d)u()mtid)er, (Svocer unb i?'leiul)dublei- lUlev ?trt, ober cuid; im ,3if i)'d)cnf)iinbel 
 nefjmen bie 3}cutt'd)en cine 5(d}hnuj ijebictenbe totelle cin. 
 
 3d) fbnnte nod; biele unb qax ftolje 3lamm uon "Iieutldjen nenncn, toeldje fid) 
 urn 'Baltimore in bev einen obev nnberen iDeife oevbient genmdjt f)abeii, bod) 
 niiifUc id) bann meitfd)iucifii) luevbcii, unb c« nii3d)te niiv babei paffiven, bnfi id) 
 bei bcm embarras de richesse uuind)en f)od)Oerbienten Voubsniann Ueva(i|";e. 
 Ueber[)iuipt bin id) bei cinem .Qiipitel nni^ckngt, luo, miebns lnteinifd)e 5pviid)= 
 iDort facit : „Nomina odiosa sunt"~lDo „5famcn obio» iDcrben." 
 
 Sod id) :3f)nen nun nod) fcigen, ms bie S)eutfd)en unferer ©tnbt fiir bie 
 ©cfetligteit, fuv SBecfung unb |)ebuni] bcl tnnftac|d)inncf5, fiir 6v3icr)uuci unb 
 aieliflion getf)iin ; bofj fie iffinifenfjtinfer, ©d)u(ert nub ftivd)en in grof;cv 
 m\]ai][ erric^tct, gefeUige unb aSDf)ltf)dtigfcitS=9.^ereinc in 5JJenge gegriinbet 
 r)aben ; nnb feit ^al)xm bie maitres de plaisir ber 3?aUimover gelnefcn finb ! 
 Sic wiffen ba§ 5lUe§ eben fo gut, luic id), unb id) bnrf be?f)cilb fd)lief;en. 51feinen 
 33enicrtungen fd)idtc ic^ cine StcUe ini» ber berii[)mtcften Ifiebe be§ ^NcritleS 
 bormis, unb id) mill mit einer nnberen ©telle beg grofjen ?(tf)eneva fd)Iief;en ; 
 biefelbe miirbe nllerbingS in bcm Wunbc ciuec ,3-nbioibuunig pnif)lerifd) flingcn! 
 liber Sic f)iiben mir I)icr bie ef)vc ciiu]eif)aii, mid) jum Cvgan ber 3:cut|d)en 
 Sdltimorc's ju mod)en ; ber 3:eutfc()en, U)eld)e IViltimore griiiibcn unb cuiftniuen 
 t)nlfcn nnb bcnen uum in bcm groficn ficbentdgigen g-cfte ben ef)renplal? iibcr= 
 lief;. S)icfe 2;cutfd)cn biirfen bcsfjalb red)t mof)l mit ben ftoljen SBorten beg 
 '^k'ritlcg uon fid) fcigen : 
 
 ,^enn loir ^d ben oonnnferer 5f,atfvnft grof.c ^Pcmeife qcqeben unb nnfer 
 ab lien unb «onnen n,d)t unbe,,cngt gelnffcn. J^-rennbc nnb^cinbe, bie mir 
 ge,5mungcn 1)0 en unfcre a^crbienfte <in,^nertcnncn unb bic bnucrnbcn 3?enfma(c 
 unferer 9(nmcfenf)e.t, b.e mir gcftiftet, fie merbcn fiir unb t-on un§ jengen 
 imuierbnr 1 
 
 eg bcrbicnt bemerft 3« mcrben, bnf, (Tof. 3?. feinc bcntfdje iRcbe mit einigcn 
 Son rfnngcn ,n cngl,fd)cr ©pv.id)e cinleitetc unb barin befonberg bog J^erbieuft 
 bcr beu |d)en ?(brpt,obiirger bei bcm gcgenmdrtigcn ^cfte betontc. eeinc 
 ai>ode r,ntte cuic jiinbcnbc JBirfung unb n(g crmit eincm ,f.od, nuf ,unfer 
 gutc., Iiebe. Baltimore" fd)(on, f.inb biefcg bei jcbem 9fnmefcnbcn l.mt n Wm 
 
 ^cr ©,cgeg^,efang" Oon mt fd)lof! bic Jeier, melc^c einen miirbigen mWnk 
 beg geltngen Sngcg bilbctc. ' ' ^ 
 
12G MK.MOKIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Ill order that every one may appreciate the force and appo- 
 siteiR'ss of this eloquent liarangue, which was entlulsia^stically 
 applauded, we append an abstract of it in English, made at 
 tlie time : 
 
 (OL. F. KAIXe's SrKKClI. 
 
 " My heart throbs with joy as I survey this immense con- 
 coarse of people assembled here in honor of Baltimore's natal 
 day. This celebration is well calculated to awaken our just 
 pride — it will announce to the world that Baltimore lias kept 
 abreast in the great march of progress during the one hun- 
 dred and fifty years of her existence — that in the gi-and 
 coml«it for national development our cherished city holds her 
 own with her sisters, and has realized the fond predictions 
 made at the time of her fii-st settlement. Like many of you 
 I am one of those who have come to cast their fortunes with 
 the people of this country ; still it fills me with pride that 
 in the amalgamation of elements which to-day supply the 
 strength and animating spirit of the future, that element to 
 which I and thousands of you belong occupies an honorable 
 idace as a factor in our progressive development. These are 
 not idle words .spoken in the enthusiasm of the hour; they 
 ar(^ words of conviction, of earnest admonition to preserve the 
 ai-ci)mi)lishments of the past; to persevere in the Titanic 
 strn,<rgle for national existence, and to rejoice " that we have 
 finally so well .succeeded." 
 
 "Was ilir den Gcist ck-r Zfilcn licisst, 
 Das ist im Grund dcr Ilcrren cijr'ner Geist, 
 In dfiu die Zcilcii sii-h Ijcs^picgelu." 
 
 (\\'liat yon call the spirit of the times is, in reality, your 
 own sjiirit, in which the times are reflected.) 
 
 I would like much to give utterance to further thought, but 
 "sound reason and good sense can be expressed with little 
 art," and T mnst rely upon it that all of you assembled here 
 to-day will see in this festival an incitation to profit by the 
 teachings and experience of the past, and to assist in solving 
 the great problem of the future. But now "let me first .speak 
 of our ancestors, for it is proper to devote to them, on an occa- 
 sion of this kind, an honorable mention; for by their C(.>urage 
 they have conquered this laud, and have transmitted it from 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 127 
 
 generation to generation as a free country. But if these are 
 ■wortliy of praise, our fatliers deserve it in a still liigher 
 degree, for tliey liave added to that which they received, all 
 that -vre possess. Finally we-^especially those of us advanced 
 in years— perfected the inheritance, and have equipped the 
 city in every way to the utmost, in order to make it sufficient 
 unto itself." 
 
 These words of the great Athenian statesman Pericles 
 appear to me a fitting prelude to what I propose to say. I 
 fear it may he considered presumptuous if I, the adopted citi- 
 zen, speaking the language of the old fatherland, and as the 
 spokesman of others mostly bom beyond the waters, should 
 allude to former generations, but I beg you to remember that 
 we Germans have been in Baltimore " longer than yesterday 
 or the day before." 
 
 While many of those who stand before me have lived in 
 this country for scarce a quarter of a centuiy, and liave left 
 their immediate ancestry on the other side of the great 
 Atlantic, I see quite a number of others here assembled whose 
 fathers and grandfathers, y^ia, even great-grandfathers, came 
 to this country from the bankt. of far-olf German streams, and 
 who, in spite of the generations that have since faded into the 
 past, still understand my words. With noble pride the Ger- 
 man may speak of " Our Baltimore," for Germans were among 
 the founders of this city; Germans sat at her cradle; German 
 merchants helped to develop her commerce; German industry 
 contributed to establish her renown abroad, and the thrift 
 and enterprise of our German mechanics have done much to 
 secure for Baltimore the prosperity she enjoys. 
 
 I can assert with pride to-day that German blood flows in 
 the veins of every second resident of our city; that every 
 third name in our city directory is of German origin; that 
 every fourth Baltimorean is descended in one way or the 
 other from Germans; tliat every fifth one understands Ger- 
 man, and every sixth can read and speak that language. 
 Surely a nationality which can trutlifully say this of itself 
 in a land where it is not indigenous may claim the right to 
 participate in a prominent manner in a demonstration like 
 the present. 
 
128 MKMOHIAL VOLUME. 
 
 One liiindrefl and fifty years ayo our city was first founded, 
 and ill the vicinity of the spot where now the dome of c ur 
 magnificent City Ihill glistens in the sun — a building, by the 
 •\vay, built by a Cierman-American — the first sixty acres were 
 surveyed as IJaltiniore town. Where now the stately ware- 
 houses stand on Charles street, between Lombard and Ger- 
 man, lived in those days the German tobacco planter, John 
 Flemming, " Dutch as Sauerkraut ; " for when people were 
 debating to find a name for one of the new lanes of the young 
 town, they finally agreed to call it German street, and that 
 name it bears to this day. If yon sui-vey the mottoes with 
 which my friend Mr. Arunah S. Abell has so appropriately 
 decorated his " Sun Building," you will find one in the centre 
 of the third row of windows which reads, " To what proi)or- 
 tious has John l-leniming's cabbage garden grown," which 
 allows of the interpretation that Baltimore, or a greater part 
 of it, was originally a German cabbage garden. 
 
 The name of Uhler is familiar to you all. A (ierman 
 family transplanted it to these shores, and to this day many 
 of the Ulders understand (ierman, in spite of the fact that we 
 had an "Uhler's nm" liere long before Baltimore existed. It 
 has been said "that the devil builds a tavern near every 
 church." The adage may be trne as to his satanic majesty, 
 but I can tell you of a German who built a tavern on Gay 
 street, near the falls, where to-day Mr. Christian Gehl catei-s 
 to the thirsty, when there was no church within the circuit of 
 ten miles of the place, and the name of the German who built 
 this, Baltimore's first tavern, was John Ilorst. 
 
 The fii'st Germans in lialtimore were a pious people, for the 
 second church ever erected here belonged to a German con- 
 gregation, whose pastor was Christian Faber. This was built 
 in 17;")S. Scarcely half a lifetime afterward tlie Otterbeiu 
 Church was built here, whose congregation some six years 
 ago celebrated its centennial. If you read carefully the works 
 and essays of my gifted youTig friend Col. J. Tlios. Scharf, yon 
 will find that the Germans were a power in P>altimore as long 
 ago as one hundred and twenty-five and one liuudred and fifty 
 years. lie will tell yon of "Steiger's Meadow," on which 
 to-tlav the houses of the fourth and fifth wards are Imilt. He 
 
ISIEJIOUIAL VOLUME. 129 
 
 clu-onicles the fact that the (lennaii carpenter Jacob Kuhliord 
 became purchasing a-ent for the Continental army during our 
 Revolutionary struggle under the name of Jake Keeport. He 
 will inform you that the first miller of Baltimore, George M. 
 Meyev was a German, and that the grandmother of another 
 well-l^'nown family was the first German midwife here. 
 Besides these you will find in his works hundi-eds of German 
 names representing people who one hundred or one hundred 
 and fifty years ago immigrated to this coimtry, and whose 
 descendants to-day are numbered among the " first families " 
 of Baltimore. I name here only the Smitlis, Hott'mans, 
 Schleys, Van Bibbers, Getzendanners, Lingenfeldters, Bentz, 
 Stouffer's, Stoners, Shoemakers, Steiuers, Baltzells, Kui-tz, Gists, 
 Alberts, Bakers, Larshs, &c. 
 
 As early as 1748 a German, named Barnitz, built the first 
 brewery here. Lager beer was, of course, not thought of 
 then, for it began to flourish only a hundred years thereafter, 
 and it was my old friend AYm. Holtzman who, in 1845, im- 
 ported the first lager from Philadelphia, and thus achieved 
 an immortality among Baltimore beer-drinkers. A numerous 
 and opulent brewers' guild has since arisen here, and sees to 
 it that Baltimore is not famished with thirst nor ruined by. 
 the abuse of alcohol. 
 
 When the war for our independence began, the Germans of 
 Maryland rallied in entire regiments, and those of Baltimore 
 in whole companies, and the renowned Baron T)e Kalb, who 
 fell at Camden, S. C, on the IGth of August, 1780, while 
 gloriously leading a charge of the "^Maryland Line," was a 
 German hero. When the Continental Congress was compelled 
 to fly from Philadelphia, in 1778, a German of Baltimore, :Mr. 
 Jacob Veit, (Fite,) offered them an asylum in his large hall, 
 corner of Baltimore and Sharp streets. But not this alone. 
 The first market liall of Baltimore was established by Cier- 
 mans. Their names were Keener and Hart, and among the 
 incorporators of the first fire company, George Lindenberger 
 was no inconsiderable personage. 
 
 Our countrymen, a hundred years ago, were so energetic 
 and highly respected here that our local historian says of 
 them : " These enterprising Germans were at work in extend- 
 
130 MEMOKIAL VOLi:.ME. 
 
 iiij^ the city long before the Purviances, Lawsons, Spears, 
 McLures, Calhouns and the other Scoteh-Iririh Presbyterians, 
 to whom tlie city owes so much of its jirosiJerity, had set <a 
 foot on this continent." 
 
 Tlie Germans wlio settled here Ijei'ore the Ivevolutioa, came, 
 with few exceptions, from the I'alatinate, via England — they 
 were not direct immigrants. Tliey came mostly from Lan- 
 caster, Heading and Yorlc, Pa., and quite a number had been 
 born in tliis country, of (ierman parentage, as, for instance, 
 the Poliiis, SlinglulFs, Stouffers and other.s. But they clung to 
 the German language and to (Jerman custom; and while they 
 were devotedly attadied to their new country, they were not 
 ashamed of tlieir German origin. It was not until after the 
 peace of ^'er.sallles that Paltimore received a direct German 
 immigration. 
 
 Tlie opulent merchants of the free cities of Bremen and 
 Hamburg began to found agencies here and to send their 
 ve.ssels to our port, and these brought to our city and State 
 many valuable accessions. Toward the close of the year 17'JO 
 there werc numerous German business firms and shipping 
 houses in the young seaport, and when in 179(5 Baltimore was 
 raised to the dignity of a city, there were among the seven 
 members of the first city council, three Germans — Engelhard 
 Yeiser, George Lindenberger and Peter Hoffman. 
 
 The directory of 1796 contains the German names of 
 Alrichs, Altvater, Baum, Bantz, Brantz, Bausmann, Beck, 
 Eiselin, Horner, Enrich, Engel, Fisher. Fanbel, Fornei, Fuss, 
 Getz, Hartmanu, Tllrschberger, Helner, Kimme, Kaufmann, 
 Keilholtz, Kolb, Keyser, Kurtz, Lautermilcli, Lorman, Lutz, 
 Messerschmidt, Mlltenbcrger, Baltzer, Muimikhny.sen, Klttle- 
 moser, Peluhardt. Pelnecke, Butter, Sclnvartz, Schrlver, Sei- 
 denstricker, Schryock, Sumwalt, Sanerwein, Stiever, Steger, 
 Stump, Strieker, Stauffer, Sultzer, Uhler, Klopper, Ziegler, 
 Zimmerman, ZolllkofFer, &c. Many of these stood at the head 
 of lariri' business enterprises; several, like the Bmntzes, Key- 
 sers, ririiiii's, Stouffers, and others, had vessels, iilowliig tlie 
 ocean, and controlled the West India trade. 
 
 It would l)e Impracticable here to trace the animal develop- 
 ments of tlie CJermans in Baltimore, year by year. Let it suf- 
 
JIEMOniAL VOLUME. 131 
 
 floe to remark tliat already durint,^ the last century a German 
 took upon liimself the martyrdom of publiHliiuK a tierman 
 newspaper in Baltimore. And when, in 1812, our yount,' repub- 
 lic was compelled a second time to battle for her independence 
 against Great Britain, the Germans of Baltimore sent a com- 
 plete company of sliarpsliooters into the field, and tJie officer 
 in command of our harbor defenses against the fleet of Admi- 
 ral Cockbnrn, was Major Armstadt, a descendant of a German 
 family that once settled in the Shenandoah Valley, and whose 
 monument formerly stood on the Calvert street spring lot. 
 
 Immigration of Germans in great numbers began about the 
 time of the Vienna congress, and since those days our coun- 
 trymen have landed here by hundreds and thousands, and a 
 gi-eater or smaller percentage of them have remained in Balti- 
 more. These immigrants of the latter half of the last century 
 have carved the record of their deeds in flaming letters upon 
 tlie pages of our city's i)rogressive history. 
 
 Baltimore's glass industry was founded by a German— his 
 name was Amelung. Baltiniore bridges have been sent to all 
 parts of the continent ; they span the ravines of the Alle- 
 ghanies, the mighty streams of the West and South, the 
 canyons of the Rocky mountains, the abysses of the Andes, 
 the streams of the South American pampas. The descendant 
 of a German, Wendell Bollman, has created this industry in 
 our city. Baltimore piano-fortes are world-renowned; the 
 piano industry was founded by Germans, and is to-day exclu- 
 sively under the control of Germans. The manufacture of 
 bricks, the preparation of hair for commerce, are among the 
 industrial branches created by German immigrants; a Ger- 
 man established the first fruit and oyster-packing house, 
 another the largest tobacco factory in the State and one of 
 the largest in the world; but besides these great achieve- 
 ments of our countrymen, look where you please in the busi- 
 ness world, you will find Germans in commanding positions 
 and often in command. The druggist business, wholesale and 
 retail, is almost entirely in the hands of Germans and their 
 descendants; butchers, bakers, shoemakers, tailors, grocers 
 and retail dealers in general are largely Gennan, and in 
 
132 JIEilOlUAL VOLL'.MK. 
 
 wliolesale coininerce our counfiymen also have acheived 
 positions wliich entitle tliem to respect. 
 
 I could mention many proud names of Germans who have 
 benefited the city of their adoption in one way or another, 
 but it would take too much time, and I might happen to 
 omit many highly deserving citizens. I have, moreover, 
 reached a point where the opinion expressed by the Latin 
 proverb " Nomina odiosa sunt " (names are odious) deserves 
 consideration. 
 
 Sliall 1 tell you now what the Germans have done for oui 
 sochil life, for the expansion and development of artistic 
 taste, for education and religion? Shall I toll you that they 
 have founded orphan asylums, churches and schools ; that 
 they have organized social and beneficial associations, and 
 have acted for years as " maitres de plaisir " for the ]>alti- 
 moreans? You know all this as well as myself, and I may 
 therefore bring my remarks to a close. 
 
 I prefaced my remarks by a quotation from the most cele- 
 brated speech of I'ericles, and will conclude with another 
 (piotation from the great Athenian. It would sound like a 
 boast coming from an individual, but you have lionored me 
 by choosing me for the representative of the Germans of Bal- 
 timore ; of the Germans who lielped to found and to build up 
 the city, and to whom the post of lionor was conceded in this 
 great festival week. These Germans may well say of them- 
 selves, in the proud words of Pericles : " For we have given 
 gi-eat proofs of our activity, and have not left our kiiowledge 
 and power without witnesses. Friends and enemies, whom 
 we liave forced to acknowledge our merits, and the lasting 
 monuments of our presence, will bear witness for us for 
 •nennore." 
 
 When the a]>plause was eiuled the exercises closed with 
 Abt's triumphal song and chorus, ".Vfter the IJattle in tlie 
 Teutoburger Forest," sung by the united societies, which 
 suj)plied two hundred cultivated voices and a comiietent full 
 orchestra. The lanterns were lighted, beer flowed ]ilentifully 
 but in moderation, and the grounds were thronged with 
 
ME>rORIAL VOLUME. 133 
 
 pleasiu'e seekers duriny tlie remainder of the day and evening. 
 It was after eleven at niglit before the crowd at the Schuetzen 
 Park began to disperse. 
 
 In connection with these speeches it is perhaps proper to 
 give an account of the celebration of the festival by the 
 ]\Iaryland Historical Society, whicli took place on Tuesday 
 afternoon, October 12th, at the Academy of Music. We break 
 the strict chronological order of events, to be enabled to 
 embrace in a single chapter an account of all the leading 
 and formal oratory elicited by the occasion. As the Mary- 
 land Historical Society has already published its own account 
 of these ijerformances in a very handsome volume,* we must 
 content oiu*selves here with a brief report and abstract. 
 
 The society had its regular meeting on ^Monday evening, 
 October 11th, the first day of the municipal celebration, and 
 tliat on which the civic procession took place. Mr. Jolm 
 Austin Stevens read his paper on tlie Surrender of Yorktown, 
 and the society unanimously adopted a series of congratula- 
 tory resolutions, as follows : 
 
 "Resolved, To place upon the records of this society a 
 minute of our admiration of the display this day made, in 
 the streets of Baltimore, of the historic growth and actual 
 state of the manifold industries of this city — an exhibition 
 which, in its magnitude, its variety, and its ingenious and 
 beautiful devices, illustrating the harmonious union of labor 
 and capital, has surpassed all kindred displays in this com- 
 munity, and has given to citizens, as well as strangers, a sur- 
 prising and instructive lesson, never to be forgotten by the 
 present generation. 
 
 " Jiesolved, That the congratulations of this society be 
 respectfully tendered to the Mayor of Baltimore, to the 
 Municipal Executive Committee, consisting of Messrs. Francis 
 P. Stevens, J. Thomas Scharf, James R. Herbert, Heniy C. 
 Smith and John T. Ford, and to the German Executive Com- 
 mittee, that this historic commemoration has been inaugu- 
 
 * Fund-Publication No. 16. Proceedings of tlie Maryland Historical Society in 
 connection with the celebration of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Auniversaiy of 
 the Settlement of Baltimore, October 12, 1880. 
 
134 MKMOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Kited with a decree of skill, good order, and popular eutnu- 
 siasiii, which reflects upon all who have been concerned in 
 the plans the very hitrhest credit." 
 
 The society also .struck a medal in conuuenioratiDU of the 
 occasion, which was worn by members duriiii,' the celebration. 
 It consisted of an impression, in cop])er, of the .society's seal, 
 mounted upon a ribbon of yellow and black, the coloi-s of 
 Loi-d P.altimore's family anus. 
 
 On Tuesday, October r2th, at three o'clock in the afternoon, 
 a lart;-e audience met in the Academy of ^lusic, to witness the 
 proceedings of the Historical Society in commemoration of 
 the city's one hundred and fiftieth anniversary. Admission 
 to the Academy was given by tickets, which were distributed 
 throvigh the members of the society. A limited number of 
 special invitations was also issued. The exercises were as 
 follows : 
 
 Music — Festival Overtm-e, Leutner — by Orchestm under tlie 
 direction of Mr. J. H. Kosewald. Scene 1. The Site of Balti- 
 more while Occupied by Indians. Music — Gavotte, (Louis 
 XV), Lee. Scene II. Baltimore as it was in the First Centuiy 
 after the Settlement of Slaryland — the Groups in tlie fore- 
 ground in the Costume of 1752. Ode composed for the occa- 
 sion by Hon. John II. B. Latrobe, I'resident of the Society, 
 which was read by IJev. John G. Morris, D. D. Music — 
 La Belle Amazon, Loeschorn. Scene III. Baltimore in 1880, 
 as sc(Mi froni I'ederal Hill Park. Oi~ation by Gen. Cliarles E. 
 Phelp.s. Music — The Star Si)angled P>annor; soloists, Mrs. Ida 
 V. Pacetti, ^Ir. T. S. Watts, ]\Ir. John Schomann ; chorus by 
 prominent members of the Baltimore Liederkranz. 
 
 The committees of the Maryland Historical Society on this 
 celebration Avere as follows: on Invitatioiv, (ieorge B. Cole, 
 Edward Stabler, Jr., John M'. M. Lee; on Scenic Reiiresenta- 
 tion, C. Ti. Oudesluys, Alexander J. (!od1)y, John McKim; on 
 Beceptioii, Joseph M. Cushing, George P.. Cole, John AV. McCoy, 
 James Carey Coale, Clayton C. Hall, Edward Stabler, Jr., Faris 
 C. Pit(, .liilin W. M. Lee. The committees acknowledge many 
 obligations to Mr. Samuel W. Fort, of the Academy, and to 
 Mr. Griffith Morgan, the painter of the scenery for the tab- 
 leaux. These pictures were very lifelike and deserved the 
 
mk:\ioiual volume. 135 
 
 general encomiums bostoAved upon them. In the first scene 
 tlie object sought was to present as nearly as possible the 
 original wilderness and primaeval forest as they might have 
 been on the site of IJaltimore before the white man came. 
 This site must have furnished both iisliing and hunting 
 of such an unsurpassed sort that it could not fail to be a 
 frequent resort of the Indians, though they may not have 
 had any permanent villages near by. We know that their 
 "Kitchen-middens" exist lower down the Patapsco, at Spar- 
 row's Point, and elsewhere " down the neck." In the tableau, 
 as set upon the stage, there was the suggestion of such a ten- 
 ancy of the site of Baltimore, coupled with the other sugges- 
 tion that these people were only nomads seen under favorable 
 circumstances. Several Indians, with their squaws, clad in 
 the spoils of the chase, with intent eyes and sad and drooping 
 figures, gazed off from tlie scene as if to watch the approach 
 of Smith's shallop. In the words of Mr. Latrobe's poem, 
 which was meant to be the chorus to this scenic procession, 
 
 "Alre;ul\' the Indian, with ear to tLie earth, 
 He.ars the tread of the white man, tlie sound of his mirth ; 
 And, folding his arms on his grief-swollen breast, 
 Prepares for the fate lliat no power can arrest, 
 As the star-march of empire Is turned to the West." 
 
 The second scene presented the Baltimore of Moale's well- 
 known sketch of 1752. In the foreground the attempt was 
 made to rehabilitate the ladies and gentlemen, the yeomen 
 and laborers of the pei'iod. The costumes at least were accu- 
 rate, and a semi-pastoral scene was given — the farm-hands 
 and " redemptioners " of the day, the landlords, tenants on 
 lease of still greater landlords. The half-built schooner, 
 emblem of a nascent trade, stood on the stocks by the river 
 waiting to be launched. On the further side of the river, in 
 the background, were the hills and valleys of a rolling country, 
 such as may still be recognized, in North and West Baltimore 
 more particularly, through all the years of change and growth 
 of a century and a half. Scene third showed a very fine pic- 
 ture of the city as it now stands, with the harbor, sliips and 
 steamships on itj as seen from Federal Hill Park, where the 
 finest view can be had. The ode of Mr. Latrobe was read 
 between the second and third scenes by the Rev. Dr. .lohn (i. 
 
136 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 .Morris. His euunciatioii aiul eiiiplmsis, just and accurate, 
 euaI)lo(l every hearer to understand liow intimately the poem 
 and tlie tableaux were related — the hatter the illustration of 
 tlie former — but in fact the jjoem put in connected woi'ds 
 what the pictures gave in detached fra.y-ments. In the verses 
 the scene moved and a panorama of ]5altiinore was displayed, 
 from IT.'U) down to 1880. The primaeval forest and its ancient 
 pojjulation, beast and man, the wliite man's coming and his 
 crops and trade, the gusts of war, through which burst 
 
 "The accents of the noblest song 
 That ever caused the blood to start 
 Volcanic in a people's heart — " 
 
 the triumphs of peace, the infinite services of the steam genie, 
 the harnessing of the lightning, the taxing of invention and 
 all its infinite resources for man's service, the sijleudid growth 
 and development of the city in internal and domestic com- 
 merce, in communication with all the world, in humanity, 
 cliarity and all the arts and accomplishments of cultivated 
 intelligence — 
 
 "Here learning builds its temples — here 
 
 Art finds a genial home ; 
 Ilere music, with its accents clear, 
 
 Pervades the echoing dome ; 
 Here whirls the spindle, hums the wheel, 
 Here on the anvil rings the steel. 
 Here science wins a world's applause, 
 Here genius inspiration draws 
 From Xaturc's fruitful fields; 
 While education, free as air — 
 A people's first and noblest care — 
 To all its treasures yields — " 
 
 the orderly and stately procession of all this growth and de- 
 veloi)inent was all of it celebrated in this ode, tlie numbers of 
 which marched as became such a knightly city's progress. 
 
 The oration of Gen. Phelps earned and merited the praises 
 given it for a thoughtful, well-matured and very manly speech, 
 carefully studied, bristling with i)ungent and apposite allu- 
 sions, full of wit and humor, and not without a satire which 
 masked its batteries but did not unshot its guns behind a 
 screen of sincere and insouciant kindliness. Mr. Phelps spoke 
 with the bonhommie of one who knew himself to be free of 
 the guild, and, therefore, fully entitled to criticise and find 
 
MEJIORIAL VOLUME. 137 
 
 fault, and tliere was a delightful frankness in the way in 
 which he stammered between the transmitted congenital New 
 pjigland propensity to teach us something better than we 
 know and do and the urbanely timid self -confession : " the 
 deuce is in it if I don't believe any change in them would be 
 for the worse!" Mr. Phelps' oration would possibly have 
 been thouglit surcharged with historic doubts but for the fact 
 that he gave Baltimore the benefit of every one of them. 
 Slow and sleepy we are, he said, but in the next breath ad- 
 mitted that we had so many excellent excuses for it. His 
 tribute to the old ^Maryland virtue of hospitality was as his- 
 torically accurate as it was genially and gracefully put. After 
 "pitching into" tobacco and the sins it was responsible for, 
 the speaker added : 
 
 " But let us at the same time be just. Let us give tobacco 
 its due. There is a credit page on this ledger. Had there 
 been no culture of tobacco, no plantation system, and no 
 slavery in the tidewater region, and if, in consequence of free 
 farm labor the population of those counties had increased so 
 rapidly that the overflow would have settled up the back 
 country north of the Patapsco, and planted a great city there 
 in 1680, instead of 1730, with an impulse and a growth like 
 that of Philadelphia or New York, it must still be remem- 
 bered that such a great city, whatever name it might have 
 borne, would not liave been the Baltimore that we know and 
 cherish. Whatever else might have been present, something 
 would have been wanting, and that something is exactly the 
 ingredient that has given the Baltimore that we live in and 
 love, its flavor and its individuality. The first settlement of 
 the province began at its southern extremity and worked 
 upward along either shore. The planters, many of them, 
 faced each other across the tidewater creeks and rivers. Free 
 and frequent was the intercourse, with oars and sails, over 
 those tempting water highways. This constant interchange 
 of social visits was primarily the secret of that old Maryland 
 Jiospitality , which was as open as free, and as fascinating as 
 the Chesapeake itself, and as boundless as the wealth of 
 luxury tliat swam through its waters, or clung to its oozy bed, 
 or crawled along its shores, or sped with rushing wing across 
 
138 MEMORIAL V(JI.UME. 
 
 its points and headlands. A man can well afford to be hos- 
 pitable who owns an expert that can drag a dinner for a dozen 
 or more guests on short notice out of the salt water just below 
 his kitchen, and in the kitchen has old Aunt Kitty or Aunt 
 Kachel, with her liead turbancd in the flaming folds of a high 
 bandana, waiting to shuck 'em or roas 'em. Times have 
 changed and we change with them. But let us never cease to 
 clierish this old-fashioned Maryland virtue, even if the sur- 
 vival of it only is left us in a shiuveled and meagi-e image of 
 its generous anti(iue type. Let us, even as a busy and bust- 
 ling commercial city, continue to claim it as our lawful inher- 
 itance, even if the malicious insinuation be founded in some 
 semblance of fact that an invitation to take tea in I3altlmore 
 is wortli a week's board on the Eastern Shore. It was a life 
 to develop a warm and healtliy home influence, and with it a 
 vigorous and well-proportioned physical habit. Boys and 
 girls grew up in the saddle, and all knew how to sail a pungy 
 and i)addle their o^\ni canoe. It Avas worth while to have been 
 a Maryland boy in those days, to be turned loose anywhere 
 out of doors with an old flint-lock, pouch and powder-horn. 
 Deer, wild turkey and pheasant abounded in the woods, siupe 
 and woodcock in marsh and thicket, the opossum and the rac- 
 coon played in the moonlight, coveys of partridge whistled in 
 the fields, wild swan, geese and ducks haunted the creeks in 
 prodigious masses. The gentlemen whiled away much idle 
 time in fo.x hunting, and the ladies, relieved by the attend- 
 ance of house servants from domestic drudgery, and devoting 
 themselves to the more congenial occupations of entertain- 
 ment, escaped froni genei-ation to generation the blighting 
 effects ui)on fenuile beauty of that monotonous life of toil and 
 isolation which has worried so many farmers' Avives into ugli- 
 ness or insanity. Thus on many an old Maryland plantation 
 were being gradually evolved from luxurious living, elegant 
 leisure, congenial society and robust exercise, those fully 
 develo]ied forms, witli that graceful style and proudly arclied 
 instep, those healthy complexions and dangerous eyes which, 
 transplanted, tnuismitted and improved by admixture of 
 blood, are seen and admired to-day in the world-rennwiied 
 type of Baltimore beauty." 
 
JIK.MOUIAL V<)LUME. 139 
 
 " Pass the word down the line," said General Phelps in con- 
 clusion,- dreamers and croakers to the rear; live men to the 
 front! Let the golden glow of the orange still symbolize the 
 best and brightest and noblest of her past; and as for the 
 black, let it symbolize in coal and iron the energies and 
 implements of a busier and more prosperous future." 
 
 The oration was received with great approval. When it 
 ended, the "Star-Spangled Banner" was sung in accordance 
 with the programme, in a way which roused the audience to 
 enthusiasm. At the close all stood up, and the applause was 
 exhilarating in its sincerity and warmth. 
 
 In the evening the banquet of the Society took place in the 
 foyer of the Academy of ]\Iusic. Seven tables were laid, one 
 hundred and sixty persons sat down to the cheerful feast, and 
 the room, elaborately decorated with flowers, growing plants, 
 evergreens and appropriate devices, presented a striking and 
 brilliant scene. An orchestra of stringed instruments fur- 
 nished appropriate music from behind the thicket of foliage 
 that screened the stage. The respective tables were presided 
 over by Hon. John H. B. Latrobe, President of the Maryland 
 Historical Society, Hon. Francis Putnam Stevens, Chairman 
 of the ]\Iunicipal Executive Committee, Mr. Pvobert A. Fisher, 
 President of the Baltimore Board of Trade, ^Mr. Daniel C. 
 Oilman, President of the Johns Hopkins University, JNIr. 
 Charles D. Fisher, ]\Ir. Robert Garrett, and the Hon. Thomas 
 J. Morris, Judge of the United States District Court. JMr. 
 Latrobe's table, in front of the stage, was devoted to the dis- 
 tinguished guests and their escorts. The President had Hon. 
 AVm. M. Evarts, Secretary of State, on his right hand and on 
 his left Mr. Peter Cooper. Mayor Latrobe occupied one end 
 of this table, ex-Governor John Lee Carroll the other. The 
 invited guests who were present were Hon. William ]\I. Evarts, 
 Washington; Hon. Horace Maynard, Washington ; Hon. Peter 
 Cooper, New York ; His Excellency Le Baron de Mayr, Aus- 
 trian Minister ; Count Lippe, Austria ; Hon. John Lee Carroll, 
 Howard county; His Worship F. E. Gilman, Acting Mayor 
 of Montreal; Hon. Oliver A. ]\Iiller, Howard county; Hon. 
 Kichard Grason, Baltimore county; Hon. John Jay Knox, 
 Washington ; Kev. J. S. B. Hpdges, D. D., Rector of St. Paul's 
 
140 JIEMOHI.VL Y0LU5IE. 
 
 rarish ; Rear-Adiniral John Kodgers, U. S. N., "Washington ; 
 Kear-Adiniral (ieorge B. JJalch, U. S. X., Annapolis; Brig. -Gen. 
 K. B. Ayres, U. S. A., Fort McIIenry; Commander li. ]"". Pick- 
 ing, U. S. S. Kearsarge ; Commander B. ^y. Meade, IT. S. S. Van- 
 dalia; Mr. John Austin Stevens, New York; Mr. Harvey X. 
 Shepard, Boston ; Dr. Theodore Gill, "Washington ; Mr. E. K. 
 Stevenson, I'hiladolphia; Dr. J. A. AVeisse, Xew York. A\'lien 
 the guests were all assembled, grace was said by Eev. Dr. 
 Hodges, rector of St. Paul's Church, and the company sat 
 down to dinner. It was called a commemorative dinner, and 
 the committee, while seeldug to make it strictly a feast of 
 reason and a flow of soul, did not eschew ilaryland deliiracies. 
 There were oysters, sheepshead, pheasants, fruits — and a spice 
 of genuine Attic salt gave flavor to everything. Mayor La- 
 trobe .spoke to the toast of " The City of Baltimore," and Sec- 
 retary Evarts responded for the United States. He said he 
 had gained a great deal of knowledge by this visit and should 
 return to Washington knowing more than many of his coun- 
 trymen of that wonderful stream, Jones' Falls, and of Tow.son- 
 town. Postmaster-General Maynard also spoke to the toast 
 of "Our Friends and Xeighbors," Governor Carroll to that of 
 "Civil and Religious Liberty," Dr. Frank T. Miles spoke for 
 "The Liberal Arts," Mr. John K. Cowen on "Schools and 
 Charities," and Mr. J. Y. L. Findlay on "The Birthday of a 
 Nation's Anthem." Mr. E. F. (iilman, the visiting Mayor of 
 Montreal, also made some pleasing remarks, and letters of 
 regret at their inability to attend were read from Hon. Robert 
 C. M'inthroi>, Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, Chauncey F. Black, 
 Esq., of York, Pa., Hon. Fred. W. M. llolliday, (Jovernor of 
 Yirginia, (ieorge IT. Calvert, Esq., the author, of Newport, 
 R. I., John William Wallace, Esq., President of the Historical 
 Society of Pennsylvania, Frederick Fraley, Esq., President of 
 the American Philosophical Society, I'rancis ]>rinley, Esq., 
 Yice-I'resident of the Rhode Island Historical Society, (ieorge 
 E. Ellis, Esq., of Boston, and J. W. Bmdbuiy, Esq., President 
 of the Maine Historical Society. 
 
CHAPTER SIXTH. 
 
 Seconil and Tliir«l l>ay$« cf the Festival. 
 
 THE second day of the great festival, Tuesday, October 
 l'2tli, was set apart for tlie parade of the ^lasoiis, the 
 Knights TempLar, the public and private school children. 
 The following is the official programme : 
 
 First Division — Eminent Sir W. A. Hanway, G. C. G., Chief 
 Marshal. Aids— V. E. Sir John P. S. Gobin, G. C. G. of Grand 
 Encampment U. S., R. E. Sir Henry W. ]\Iarston, Chief of 
 Staff, Em. Sir Jas. P. Pierson, Sir Frank P. Stevens, Sir E. S. 
 Dudley, Sir H. Adreon, Sir E. L. Bartlett, Sir fhos. J. Hay- 
 ward, Sir Gilmer Meredith, Sir Wm. F. Kunkle, Sir H. Kowan, 
 Sir J. Henry Snyder, Sir Joshua Horner, Jr., Sir J. "\V. Snyder. 
 
 Second Division — Grand Commanderyof Maryland Knights 
 Templar. Wilson Post Band. Eminent Sir Geo. Ross Cof- 
 froth. Grand Commander. Aids — Em. Sir J. E. "Waugh, Chief 
 of Staff, Em. Sir W. H. Ruby, Em. Sir E. G. Davis, Em. Sir A. 
 R. Redsecker. Mounted — De Molay Commandery, of AVash- 
 iugton, sixty in number, I. M. Johnson, Eminent Commander. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION. 
 
 Maryland Commandery, Charles G. Edwards, Eminent Com- 
 mander; j\[onumental Commandery, George E. Kendall, Emi- 
 nent Commander; Beauseant Commandeiy, J. Kos. Parker, 
 Eminent Commander — Frederick City Band; Baltimore Com- 
 mandery, J. A. C. Kahler, Eminent Commander ; Crusade 
 Conimandery, George L. McCahan, Eminent Commander; St. 
 John's Commandery, of AVilmington, Del., James H. I'rice, 
 Eminent Commander. 
 
 SECOND DH'ISION. 
 
 Eminent Sir Robert Boyd, ^Marshal ; James E. "Waugh, Chief 
 of Staff. Aids— E. G. Davis, Wm. 11. Ruby, A. R. Redsecker, 
 
142 MEMORIAL VOLLMi:. 
 
 iiiouiited. Marine Ijaud and Drum Corps. '\A'asliingtoii Com- 
 mandery, of Washington, W. J. Steplienson, Eminent Com- 
 mander; Colnmbia Commandery, of Washington, W. H. Brown, 
 Eminent Commander; Kichmond (Va.) Commandery, James 
 E. Seott, Eminent Commander; Old Dominion Commandery, 
 of Alexandi-ia, J. P. Beckham, Eminent Commander; Potomac 
 Commandeiy, of Georgetown, D. C, George E. Corson, luninent 
 Commander. 
 
 TniKD DIVISIIIN. 
 
 Very Eminent Sir George W. ICendrick, Marshal ; Sir F. 
 AVlieeler, Chief of Staff. Aids — Sirs Samuel Kegester, George 
 Ilussell and Silas M. Hamilton, Weccacoe Band, twenty pieces, 
 of I'hiladelphia; (irand Commandery of Pennsylvania, D. W. 
 C. Carroll, (irand Commander; Pliiladelphia Commandery, W. 
 H. List, Captain-General ; St. John's Commandery, of Philadel- 
 phia, 1). E. Dealy, Eminent Commander; Kadosh Commandery, 
 of Philadelphia, Augustus K. Hall, Eminent Commander; 
 Kensington Commandery, of Pennsylvania, J. Albertson, Emi- 
 nent Commander ; St. Alban Commandery, of riiiladelphia, 
 Isaac C. Price, Eminent Commander; Corinthian Command- 
 ery, of Peimsylvania, George S. Graham, Eminent Commander; 
 Lancaster Commandery, of Pennsylvania, Amos G. Monahan; 
 Baldwin No. 2 Commandery, of Williamsport, Pa., Jolm F. 
 Laedlein, Eminent Commander ; Mary Commandery, of i'liil- 
 adelphia, A. B. l^nderdown. Eminent Commander; Cyrene 
 Commandery, Camden, X. J., Marmaduke B. Taylor, Eminent 
 Commander. 
 
 FOURTH DIVISION. 
 
 Fifth Regiment Band and full Drum Conts. The Grand 
 Royal Arcli Chapter of Maryland, E. J. Oppelt, Grand High 
 Priest, and the Grand I.,odge of Maryland, John M. Carter, 
 Grand Master. This was the fii-st time the Grand Lodge 
 ever appeared in a civic procession, and the fii-st time they 
 appeared in a Masonic parade since 18GG, when the corner- 
 stono of the iMasonic Temple was laid, while the Royal Arch 
 Chapter had not appeared in a public parade since the year 
 1829. The Grand Royal Arch Chapter, eighty men, wore, 
 besides their black uniforms, white aprons trimmed with red 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 1-13 
 
 silk, and a red badge, on whicli was i)rinted the day and date 
 of tlie procession. Tliey were officered by Messrs. E. J. Oppelt, 
 F. J. S. Gorgas, Wm. T. Cochran, C. V. S. Levy, E. L. Parker 
 and George Slieive. Beautiful silk banners of the four tribes 
 of Israel — Dan, Ephraiin, Reuben and Judah — were carried 
 by Messrs. T. B. Hammond, Levi Weaver, Nathan Lehman 
 and Chas. Herzog. The ark of the covenant was borne by 
 Messrs. Thomas H. Kelly, O. H. Balderston, M. K. Frank 
 and C. Mehlgarten. The Grand Lodge of Maryland, aljout 
 one thousand strong, commanded by W. B. Lyons, Chief Rhir- 
 shal, were dressed in black, the officers wearing white moire 
 antique aprons, trimmed with purple and gold, and the (irand 
 Master and Warden white aprons, trimmed with purple lace. 
 The Grand Lodge jeAvelry, of solid gold, Avas worn. First the 
 officers of the Grand Lodge, then the Standard-Bearer, Past 
 Masters, Masters and Wardens of subordinate lodges and the 
 Grand Tyler, Charles E. Kemp. The officers were : John M. 
 Carter, U. W. G. M. ; John S. Tyson, D. G. M. ; W. H. Jordon, 
 of Cambridge, S. G. W. ; Thomas J. Shryock, J. G. AY.; Wm. M. 
 Busey, S. G. D.; A. R. McClellan, J. G. D.; Wm. H. King, S. G. 
 D. ; James D. Mason, J. G. S. ; Jacob H. Medairy, G. S. ; Wood- 
 ward Abrahams, G. T.; James W. Bowers, G. L. ;'Alvin Cou- 
 riell, G. M. C; H. R. Eisenbrandt, G. P.; John C. McCahan, G. 
 S. B. The standard was borne by J. Van Tromp, G. H. Mar- 
 riott, Philip Keil, Gustavus Brown, H. N. Hurtt, Samuel 
 Holmes, L. E. Freeman, Wm. Shipley, George H. Ross and 
 J. W. Hawkins. The following were Chief ]\Iarshal Lyon's 
 aids : Gen. E. B. Tyler, S. Downing, Jr., W. H. Cassell, J. P. 
 Meanley, E. M. Mitchell, George Kirwin, Charles Reckitt, 
 Thomas Snow, John Harvey, Richard H. Conway and Francis 
 Gates. Among the visitors taking part in the procession were 
 representatives from Washington I^odge No. 3, which was 
 organized in 1770, at Fell's Point. Two of the Old Defenders, 
 E. J. Daneker and Elijah Stansbury, are members of this 
 lodge. There were also representatives present from Waverlj 
 Lodge, Baltimore county. 
 
144 MEMOIUAL VOKLME. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 FIFTH DIVISION. 
 
 Prof. C. C. Wiijlit, Marshal. Maryland Xational Cadets, 
 known as City CoUetre Cadets, officered as follows : Colonel, 
 David A. Woodward, .Jr.; staff, (commissioned,) Captain, Wm. 
 II. Thomas, Jr.; Lieutenants, George T. Kemp, Wm. McCowan, 
 .loseph Valentine, Louis W. New ; staff, (non-commissioned,) 
 Commissary-Sergeant, Charles Cugle; Quartermaster-Sergeant, 
 Jliram McAfee; Major, K. Foster Danforth ; staff, (commis- 
 sioned,) Adjutant, Charles O'B. Mettee ; Quartermaster, Wm. 
 Iv. Sattler; Commissary, R. llardie Schley; staff, (non-commis- 
 sioned,) Sergeant-Major, l-2dward G. Gill ; Quartermaster-Ser- 
 geant, Wm. B. McCaddin ; Commissary-Sergeant, Frank A. 
 Stevens. Fii'st company, forty men — Captain, ^\'m. S. Wilson ; 
 Fii'st Lieutenant, Adolph Spamer; Second Lieutenant, George 
 P. Bouldiu. Second Company, fifty men — Captain, Charles 
 Campbell; First Lieutenant, Daniel Llntliicum; Second Lieu- 
 tenant, Edward Harvey. Third company, fifty men — Captain, 
 R. Harry Willis ; First IJeutenant, Wilmer Black ; Second 
 Lieutenant, R. E. Lee Blimline. Independent company of 
 Grammar School No. 10, twenty-five muskets, with officers as 
 follows: Captain, Benjamin S. Benson; Lieutenant, Clinton 
 Richardson; Orderly, W. F. Clialk. Grammar School No. (! 
 company, thirty-five muskets, Captain, Charles R. Coleman. 
 Jr.; Lieutenants, Wallace King, Jr. and Charles Hughes. In 
 a cari'iage, under escort of the cadets, were seated Michael 
 Connolly, the oldest of the original public school teachers, 
 and Andrew Reese, president of the Howard Fire Insurance 
 Company, who went to the first public school, September 21st, 
 1829. This was in the basement of Rev. Mr. Musgi-ave's 
 church, on Entaw street, between ;Mulberry and Saratoga 
 streets, where Rev. Dr. Stork's church now stands. The two 
 gentlemen were introduced to the students of Baltimore City 
 College, assembled in the college yard, and were received with 
 cheers. In the rear of the carriage came thirteen classes of 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 145 
 
 Baltimore City College, aggregating two liundred pupils. Tliey 
 were from fom-teen to twenty years of age, each decorated with 
 a badge. At the head of each class a senior member acted as 
 marshal, with baton of black, trimmed with orange. A hand- 
 some banner was carried at the head of the college pupils, 
 surmounted with a golden eagle. One side, black velvet and 
 gold, was inscribed " Baltimore City College, 1829-1880. Pub- 
 lic Schools of Baltimore. Education a debt due from present 
 to future generations." On the reverse side, purple and gold, 
 "1730-1880— Sesqui-Centennial Celebration, October 12, 1880," 
 with Battle Monument in raised work. Another handsome 
 banner had on it George Peabody's motto, "Knowledge is 
 Power," the reverse being a United States flag. 
 
 SIXTH DIVISION. 
 
 Prof. W. T. Markland, Marshal. Male Grammar School No. 
 1, one hundred pupils, in charge of W. S. Cox, principal; John 
 D. Sickle, assistant ; flags were carried at the head and along 
 the line with the names and mnnber of the schools. ]\Iale 
 Grammar School No. 2, one hundred and thirty-eight pupils, 
 in charge of John S. Black, first assistant, and Edwin Hebden. 
 Male Grammar School No. 3, one hundred and tliirty pupils, 
 in charge of Edward T. Lawrence, first assistant. Male Gram- 
 mar School No. 4, one hundred and thirty pupils, in charge 
 of Julius J. Miller, principal; II. B. Gwynn, first assistant. 
 Male Grammar School No. 5, ninety pupils, in charge of S. A. 
 Cremer, principal. Male Grammar School No. 7, fifty pupils, in 
 charge of P. J. Doran, principal. INIale Grammar School No. 
 8, one hundred and seventy pupils, in charge of John E. 
 McCahan, principal ; S. E. Keller, first assistant. 
 
 SEVENTH DIVISION. 
 
 Prof. S. A. Soper, Marshal. Male Grammar School No. 9, 
 ninety pupils, in uniform, in charge of C. A. Fairbank, prin- 
 cipal ; pupil Joseph Benson, assistant. Male Grammar School 
 No. 10, one hundred and six pupils, in charge of H. D. Reese, 
 principal; Jacob G. Goodman, assistant. Male Grammar 
 School No. 11, seventy pupils, John W. Hooper, principal ; P. H. 
 Friese, assistant. Male Grammar School No. 12, eighty pupils, 
 R. C. Cole, principal ; W. F. Smith, assistant. IMale Grammar 
 
llTj HEMOKIAI. VULU.MK. 
 
 Scliool No. 13, sixty pupils, G. B. Loane, principal. [Male 
 Gi-ainmar School No. 15, two liuiidrecl and eiglity pupils, 
 Georj,'e S. Grape, principal ; T. Y. Hawkins, assistant ; tliese 
 impils were officered by boys selected fi-om themselves. 
 
 EIGHTH DIVISION. 
 
 Prof. C. F. Raddatz, Marshal. Male Grammar School Xo. 
 17, one hundred pupils, A. F. AVilkerson, principal; numerous 
 flags and banners. Male Grammar School Xo. 18, sixty pupils, 
 15<isil Sollers, assistant. ^lale Grammar School Xo. 19, tliirty 
 pupils in line and thirty with Baltimore City College, C M. 
 ]'-lliott, principal. Male Grammar School Xo. 20, eighty-four 
 pupils, J. "\V. Wilson, first assistant. Male Grammar Scliool 
 Xo. 21, one hundi-ed and thirty pupils, T. J. Edwards, principal. 
 
 NINTH Dr\'isiox. 
 English-German Schools, Prof. P. Clark, Marshal. j\Iale 
 Grammar Scliool Xo. 1, eighty pupils, A. T. King, principal; 
 V. Schcer, vice-principal; C. F. Heszler, assistant. Male Gram- 
 mar School Xo. 2, sixty-two pupils, Charles Hill, principal; 
 Pliilip M'acker, vice-principal. Male Grammar School Xo. 3, 
 one luuidred and fifty pupils, J. II. II. Maenner, A-ice-principal; 
 August Miller, assistant. INlale Grammar School Xo. 4, one 
 lumdred pupils, E. M. Jackson, principal; C. O. Shoein-ich, L. 
 B. Schaefer, assistants. Male (Grammar School X'o. o, fifty 
 pupils, Charles AV. Hebbel ; George Mack, assistant. Boys of 
 the German Orphan Asylum, with banners and decorations. 
 
 TF.NTII PIVISION. 
 
 ^lale Grammar Schools, colored, Dr. Bichard Grady, Mar- 
 shal, witli banners and colored band. ^lale (irammar Scliool 
 No. 1, sixty pupils, D. P. Brown, assistant. Male (irammar 
 School Xo. 2, tliirty pupils, D. J. Cumming, jirincipal. Male 
 Grammar School Xo. .">, forty pupils, .lolin L. Yater, i)rincii)al. 
 Male Grammar School Xo. 4, forty pupils, .lolin A. Kay, assis- 
 tant. Male Grammar School Xo. 5, twenty-eight pupils, Wm. 
 V. Walton, principal. Male Grammar School Xo. (5, forty-si.\ 
 pupils, Saml. T. Lester, principal. Male Grammar School Xo. 
 7, fifty pupils, A. D. Clark, assistant. 
 
MEMOUI.VL VOLUME. 147 
 
 ELEVENTH DIVLSION. 
 
 "Wriglit's IJajicl. St. Joseph's Academy, Marslial, Brother 
 Clii'istian, provincial, aild two hundred and fifty scholars ; the 
 boys wore badges and yellow rosettes. St. John's Male School, 
 Brother Francis, Marslial, and three hundred boys, wearing 
 sashes of yellow and black ; among them, mounted on a horse, 
 was Lord Baltimore, represented by Willie Keagle, ten years 
 old ; the little fellow was clothed in the costume of the olden 
 time, and in the Lord Baltimore colors, a black cocked hat 
 with yellow plume, white wig and queue, yellow velvet coat 
 and black velvet knee pants ; decorated wagon filled with the 
 small boys. St. Alphonsus Male School, Brother Firmilian, 
 Marslial, and one hundi-ed and fifty boys; in front of the 
 school were several little fellows arrayed as knights, and 
 wearing cloaks trimmed with lace and caps trimmed with 
 fur, making a pleasant picture ; the school boys wore yellow 
 and black sashes, and each carried a flag in his hand. St. 
 Vincent's IMale School, Brother Antonian, Marshal, and two 
 hundred scholars; the scholars wore red sashes. Rock Hill 
 College delegation occupied three open barouches; among 
 them were Brothers Azarias, Christian, (visitor of the District,) 
 Abraham and Alexander, and students; in the centre barouche 
 were the flag and arms of the college, with the motto " Virtus 
 et Scieiitia." Immaculate Conception Male School, Brother 
 Jucundian, Marshal, and one hundred boys ; the officers of the 
 school, chosen from the older boys, were: Captain, Joseph H. 
 Debring; Lieutenants, Thos. Landring and Bernard Nolan; 
 black and yellow rosettes were worn by the children. 
 
 TWELFTH DIVISION. 
 
 Brother Eliphus, ^Marshal. St. Peter's Male School, Brother 
 Leonard, Marshal, with two hundred and fifty boys, wearing 
 red rosettes and sashes; two decorated wagons attended the 
 school, and were occupied by the small cliildren ; Vicar-Gen- 
 eral ^McColgan and Rev. O. B. Corrigan were with the school. 
 St. ^Martin's JLale School, Brother Edward, Marshal, and one 
 hundred boys ; Mt. Pleasant Band Avas in front of the school, 
 and the band wagon, finely decorated, followed in the rear, 
 filled with the boys; Rev. John S. Foley accompanied the 
 
11^ jii:.\i(n;iAL volu.me. 
 
 school. St. Mary's Star of the Sea and St. La-\vi-enco, Trof. 
 John G. Weha^e, Mai-shal, and one hundi-ed and fifty boys, 
 wcarint; bhxck and yellow sashes and rosettes; the school was 
 headed by Peck's Band ; Kev. Peter McCoy marched in line 
 with the schools. St. Michael's Male School, Brother Pmrj^rer, 
 Marshal, and three hundred boys ; the school was headed by 
 Silveren's P.and, and the boys Avorc rosettes. St. James's Male 
 School, Brother tiassen, Marshal, and two hundred and seven- 
 ty-five boys, wearing yellow and black sashes. 
 
 TIHKTKENTII DIVISION. 
 
 Brother Leonard, Marshal. St. Patrick's School, Brother 
 Joseph, of the Xavierian Order, Marshal, and one hundred and 
 sixty boys, wearing sashes of various bright colors. Holy 
 Cross Male School, Frank L. Bopp and George ^Mesenfield, 
 Marshals, and one hundred and twenty boys, wearing caps 
 and yellow bands ; Rev. M. Vogtman accompanied the parade. 
 St. Joseph's ISIale School, Brother Basil, of the Xavierians, 
 Marshal, and one hundred and sixty boys, wearing blue sashes 
 and black and yellow rosettes. Holy Martyrs' Male School, 
 Charles Johnson, Marshal, and one hundred boys, accompa- 
 nied l)y Rev. Meinrad Jeggle. St. Francis Xavier Male School, 
 (colored,) Felix D. Pye, IMarshal, and sixty-four boys, wearing 
 yellow and black sashes. 
 
 This procession of Tuesday was worthy to follow the one of 
 Monday. It was composed in such a way as to coinnuind 
 many and various interests: the Masonic bodies, so exten- 
 sively affiliated with om- citizenship in every form and with 
 the plantation of so many of our public institutions; the 
 Knights Templar, members of that brilliant convocation 
 whose drill is so perfect and whose parades ahvays call out 
 such crowds of enthusiastic spectators, and the children of 
 our schools, both those public schools which the whole com- 
 munity fosters and the more private ones attached to the 
 various religious societies and associations affiliated Avith the 
 different denominations. 
 
 The term " Sesqui-Centennial weather " has become almost 
 proverbial for a season of unclouded skies, bright moonlight, 
 temiiered sunshine and salubrious days and nights. Tuesday 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 149 
 
 was fair as any of tliese days, tlie same great tlirongs filled 
 tlie streets, joyous, good-temi)ered, full of eager antlcipatlou — ■ 
 the holiday bivouac of a proud and patriotic conimuuity. It 
 began to be seen that the doubters who fancied the popular 
 synii^athy for the festival would expire with the first day's 
 celebration reckoned without their hosts and did not take 
 into account the depth of feeling which seemed to stir tlie 
 heart of every one in thinking of fair Baltimore's golden 
 wedding day with time and wealth, power and renown. 
 
 The line of march for the procession was five miles long, 
 the route selected such as to present continuously a pictu- 
 resque and animated scene. After forming on Park avenue 
 and the contiguous streets, the direction followed was liich- 
 mond street to Linden avenue, to Townsend street, to Eutaw 
 Place, to Wilson street, to Madison avenue, to Mosher street, 
 to ]\IcCulloh street, to Townsend street, to Carrollton avenue, 
 to Edmondson avenue, to Strieker street, to Lexington street, 
 to Carey street, to Baltimore street, to North street, to I^exing- 
 ton street,to Ilolliday street, passing the City Hall, to Eayette 
 street, and there dismissed. As the route included some of the 
 finest residence part of the city, several public squares and 
 charitable and benevolent institutions, the number of ladies 
 and children who availed themselves of a sight of the display 
 was even larger than on the preceding day. The seats in I^a- 
 fayette, Harlem and Franklin Squares Avere pre-empted long 
 before the time fixed for the procession to move, windows Avere 
 filled Avith eager sight-seers, stands and platforms were erected 
 at every convenient corner, and on the sidewalks a patient 
 crowd stood waiting. Promptly at 11:30 a. m., the hour ap- 
 pointed, the procession began to move, in its lead being such 
 an imposing display as could only be made by twelve hundred 
 Templars on horseback and on foot. As they marched along 
 with steady step and knightly bearing, their streaming white 
 plumes waving in the breeze, countless jewels flashing on 
 their breasts and their swords gleaming in the sunlight, the 
 picture was rich in tone and coloring. Maryland Command- 
 ery, the oldest in the United States, led the Knights who 
 were on foot, and each of the members moved like a veteran. 
 Beauseant, Baltimore and ]\Ionumental Commanderies pre- 
 
150 MEMORIAL VOI.l'MK. 
 
 seiitcd a very fine appearance, and all of them vero londlj' 
 cheered. The visiting Knights came in for a large yhare oi 
 the applause. Their silken banners, fringed with gold, 
 radiant with briglit coUir.s and strange devices, attracted 
 much attention, and their soldierly bearing could m^t have 
 been excelled. As the procession tm-ned from Carey street 
 into Baltimore sti-eet the sight was a most inspiriting one, 
 and the bugle calls which came from the heralds in front, 
 mingling with the crashing nmsic from eighteen bands, which 
 alternately rose and fell on the air, added to the general 
 effect. By the time I'aca street was reached the ci-owd became 
 more dense, and as far east as South street nothing could be 
 seen but a solid mass of spectators, blocking the sidewalks 
 and extending even to the streets. From balconies and win- 
 dows the eyes of fair damsels flashed do^vn upon the Knights, 
 and under the influence of these glances each man moved 
 with as bold a step as if he had been a mailed crusader in 
 the age of chivalry. 
 
 The second part of the procession, which was composed 
 solely of children of the private and public schools, was prob- 
 ably to many more interesting than the divisions which pre- 
 ceded it. There is a proverb in France that every I'rench 
 soldier carries a marshal's baton in his knapsack, and a .spec- 
 tator, as he saw the bright, frank faces of thousands of chil- 
 di-eu, could not help remembering that some one of these 
 children, no matter how humble, might rise to the dignity of 
 Chief Magistrate of the republic. The knightly courtesy of 
 the Templars would teach tliem instinctively to admit that in 
 spite of their own brilliant uniforms and striking drill, the 
 school-boys held and were entitled to maintain the centre of 
 interest. The parade of Monday gave the achievements of 
 tlie i)resent, the symbols and remlTiiscences of tlie work of 
 the past, but in the long lines of school-boys the workers of 
 the future came to the front. The procession represented, 
 fairly and well, a population of ninety thousand boys and 
 girls of "the school age," which contributes an annual quota 
 of three thousand to the voting population. Before 1S95 the 
 boys at school in 1880 will compose a majority of the voters; 
 they will fill the imblic offices; they will rei)reseiit the city 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 151 
 
 in tLe State and general government ; they will be our rulers 
 and governors. That was what they were being trained for, 
 and the thought made those Avho viewed the procession 
 inspect them carefully, for as the twig is bent so will the tree 
 incline. The boys in that procession gave evidence that they 
 were a healthy, happy, manly group ; their eyes were bright, 
 their steps firm and confident; innocence and plastic recep- 
 tiveness were written unmistakably upon their downy cheeks. 
 They afforded such an argument for a resolute and effective 
 maintenance of the best system of public schools as is not 
 often met, and they more than ever justified the cost of that 
 system. There were in all nearly seven thousand children in 
 line, many of them wearing the Maryland colors in cap bands 
 and rosettes, and, considering their youthfulness, marched 
 well and steadily. They seemed to recognize the importance 
 of the part they were taking in the celebration, and acquitted 
 themselves most creditably throughout. The children from 
 the colored schools formed quite a feature in the parade, and 
 the scholars from the Catholic parochial schools seemed to 
 vie with each other in tlie beauty of the devices which they 
 carried, all of which were appropriate to the occasion. 
 
 There were not many noticeable incidents in connection 
 with the procession. The Knights Templar executed many 
 of their brilliant maneuvers in line and were applauded from 
 one end of the route to the other. The school childi-en 
 were not tired, in spite of the long distance traversed by them 
 and the many tedious " waits." They carried many banners, 
 flags and transparencies. Once they broke the line, when 
 they were offered lemonade and oranges by a too liberal diy 
 goods house, but as a rule they kept their ranks and carried 
 their chins forward as if conscious of their Importance in the 
 community. The Catholic schools were reviewed by Arch- 
 bishop Gibbons and the clergy of the Cathedral as they passed 
 the archiepiscopal residence on Charles street. Some of the 
 schools had little tableaux of their own, to represent some 
 Maryland event or other. 
 
 The procession was reviewed at the City Hall, requiring 
 more than an hour to pass that building. Mayor I>atrobe was 
 assisted in the review by ^Major-General Robert Patterson, of 
 
152 MEMORIAL VOLIME. 
 
 riiilatlolpliia, and a large and brilliant staff of visitors, offi- 
 cials and public men. Among others upon tlie platform were 
 Mayor E. Slifer, of Cliarlestown, Vi'est Virginia ; Jlayor Sam- 
 uel H. Black, of Wilmington; Mortimer Johnson, E. W. Patton 
 and James Donaldson, of the Philadelphia City Council; 
 Major J. G. Mitchell, Joseph S. Emory and Robert Liberton, 
 of the sheriff's office, and Geo. C. Wilkins, all of Philadelphia; 
 Hon. J. Ered. C. Talbott, Hon. II. U. jNIcLane, J. L. McLane, 
 Ex-Mayor Stansbuiy, an old defender; Gen. Brooks, United 
 States Army; Capt. Robinson, Lieut. Marshall, Lieut. Alle- 
 bone, Lieut. Derby, of the Vandalia ; Surgeon Swami, Lieut. 
 C. L. Bruns and Lieut. Bixler, of the Kearsarge; Charles ^^'ebb, 
 City Collector; City Commissioner Tegmeyer; Rev. Mr. Rey- 
 nolds, Chaplain of the Fifth Regiment; Col. Vernon, Surveyor 
 of the Port; Gen. John B. Stafford, of Governor Hamilton's 
 staff; Col. J. Thomas Scharf ; Col. H. D. Loney ; Col. ISIcXulty, 
 chief of Gen. Herbert's staff; Dr. Steuart, Health Commis- 
 sioner; Dr. iMcShane, Assistant Health Commissioner; Gen. 
 R. H. Carr, Judge Carr, of the Appeal Tax Court; Messrs. J. A. 
 Dobson, Jas. Broumel, M. A. ISIiller, M. E. Mooney, D. Giraud 
 "Wright, H. G. Fledderman, John J. Mahon, Joshua Horner, Jr., 
 Dr. John D. Fiske, J. Frank Lewis, J. F. Weyler, of the City 
 Council ; John T. Ford and Frederick Raine. 
 
 At the close of the parade the Baltimore knights, who were 
 entertaining the visiting knights, conducted their guests to 
 the armory in the City Hall, where they partook of an ele- 
 gantly served lunch. Lunch was also served at ]\Iasonic 
 Temple and at Raine's Hall, so that all were bountifully pro- 
 vided for, and the visiting knights were highly pleased with 
 the hospitality shown them. 
 
 THIRD DAY s rnooE'siox. 
 
 The procession of the military and naval forces, the fire 
 and police departments and other civic organizations, inoved 
 on "Wednesday, October 13th. The official published pro- 
 gramme (which only gives the most meager outline of the 
 display and needs much filling up to supply omissions) is as 
 follows : 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 153 
 
 His Excellency Governor Wm. T. Hamilton, Commanrler-in- 
 Cliief; General J. Wesley Watkins, Adjutant General; Gen. 
 II. ynowden Andrews, Chief of Artillery ; Gen. Joseph B. Staf- 
 ford, Chief of Cavalry; Ciuartennaster-General, John Gill; 
 Surgeon-General, Wni. Lee; Paymaster-General, George S. 
 Brown; Col. Martin P^merich, Aide-de-Camp ; Col. J. Upshur 
 Dennis, Aid; James R. Herbert, Brigadier-General, M. N. (J., 
 Commanding; John McNulty, Lieut.-Colonel and Chief of 
 Staff; Philip P. Dandridge, Major of Engineers; T. Wallis 
 Blakistone, IMajor and Judge- Advocate ; Wilbur R. McKnew, 
 Major and Surgeon; J. W. S. Brady, Major and Inspector; 
 Capt. Charles A. Gambrill, Quartermaster; Capt. Howard 
 Ridgeley, Commissary; Capt. Thomas Hillen, Ordnance Offi- 
 cer; Capt. Geo. W.Wood, Aide-de-Camp; Capt. Fred. Sliriver, 
 Aide-de-Camp ; Lieut. J. W. C. Johnson, Aide-de-Camp. AVilson 
 Post, Grand Army of the Republic, Gen. AY. E. W. Ross, Com- 
 mander. The Old Hefonders, John S. Haneker, President; 
 Asbury Jarrett, First Vice-President ; Nathaniel Watts, Second 
 Vice-President; Henry Lightner, Elijah Glenn, Ex-.Mayor 
 Elijah Stansbury, William Stites, Samuel Jennings, Captain 
 WuT. H. Daneker, Marslial, George Boss, Wm. Bachelor. The 
 Star Spangled Banner— the original flag— the one which 
 floated over Fort McHenry on the 13th and 14th of Septem- 
 ber, 1814, during the ever memorable bombardment; in 
 charge of Mr. W. W. Carter. Fort ]\IcHenry Troops— two 
 companies of artillery, with four field-pieces and caissons 
 complete ; one hundred men, under the command of Colonel 
 A. C. N. Pennington, Lieutenants Eastman, Dudley and Edger- 
 ton. Marines — U. S. S. Vandalia. Barouches — Hon. John L. 
 Thomas, Collector of the Port ; Capt. R. W. Meade, Commander 
 Vandalia; Passed Assistant Surgeon Gravatt, Kearsarge; H. 
 F. Picking, Commander Kearsarge ; Gen. W. Bm-ns, U. S. A. ; 
 Maj.-Gen. Ayres, Fort McHenry; Ensign C. C. Rogers, aid to 
 Capt. Meade ; Pay Director A. W. Russell, U. S. N. ; Paymaster 
 Henry Goldsborough, U. S. N. ; Paymaster Curtis R. Thomp- 
 son, U. S. N. ; U. S. District Attorney Archibald Stirling, Jr. ; 
 U. S. Commissioner R. Lyon Rogers ; Deputy IT. S. Court Clerk 
 Henry S. Meloney ; U. S. Marshal John M. McClintock ; Siiper- 
 visor of Census Noble H. Creager ; Wm. Cochran, Xaval Officer; 
 
154 ME-MOKIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Capt. S. S. Warner, revenue cutter EAving; Capt. A. B. Davis, 
 revenue cutter Hamilton ; Capt. Paulding, U. S. A. ; Capt. 
 McGilvray, U. S. Artillery Service. The Municipal Executive 
 Committee, with His Worship Mr. F. E. Oilman, Mayor of 
 Montreal, Canada. Fifth Kegiment, M. X. (i., Colonel, W. II. 
 S. Burgwyn; Major, Stewart Brown; staff — Adjutant, W. K. 
 Whiting; Siu-geon, Dr. W. II. Crim; Assistant Surgeon, Dr. W. 
 F. Lockwoofl ; (Quartermaster, K. J. Miller; Commissary, Ed- 
 ward C. .Johnson ; Chaplain, Rev. Joseph Keynolds, Jr. Visit- 
 ing Military and Firemen. Fire Department — Commissioners, 
 Samuel W. Regester, President, Thomas W. Campbell, Charles 
 15. Slingluff, James E. Trott, Samuel Hannah, J. F. Morrison; 
 Chief Engineer, John M. Ilennick ; Assistant Euirineers, Geo. 
 W. Ellender, Thomas F. Murphy. Police Doi)artm(Mit — Com- 
 missioners, Wm. II. B. Fusselbaugh, John Milroy, (ien. .James 
 R. Herbert; Marshal, John T. Gray; Deputy Marshal, Jacob 
 I'^rey. 
 
 The line of marcli of this brilliant parade was from IJroad- 
 way to P>altimore street, to Canal street, to Holland street, to 
 Aisquith street, to Gay street, to Baltimore street, to South 
 street, to Pratt street, to Hanover street, to Henrietta street, 
 to Sharp street, to Pratt street, to Eutaw street, to Baltimore 
 street, to Greene street, to Franklin street, to Eutaw street, to 
 Madison street, to Cathedi-al street, to Chase street, to Charles 
 street, to ^Monument street, to Howard street, to [Mulberry 
 street, to Eutaw street, to Ikltimore street, to North street, to 
 I>exington street, to Holliday street, and there dismissed. It 
 was, for simple spectacular effect and the contrast of di.sci- 
 pline and organization in its various forms, one of the finest 
 displays ever witnessed. The X'nited States and tlie State 
 Government had reinforced the municipality in the most 
 cordial and liberal way, and the result was that success which 
 always follows from hearty co-operation. The crowd of 
 enthusiastic spectators which thi'onged seven miles of streets 
 was enormous, apparently as great almost as that on Monday. 
 The stands and balconies were not so full, perhai)s, but this 
 was more than compensated for by the increase in the number 
 of iiersons, and ])articularly ladies, who viewed the spectacle 
 from the level of the streets. The march of the men in line 
 
MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 155 
 
 was compact cand solid, and tlie procession was so various in 
 its i'eaturcs that every part of tLe long column offered a 
 new attraction. Tlie Armistead "star-spangled banner" of 
 1814, the ancients remaining from the heroes of tlie war of 
 isr2-'15, and the veteran fii-emen of the old volunteer regime, 
 divided tlie greatest applause with the marines, sailors and 
 artillery of the Federal service. The State military were in 
 very fine trim and drill; the police of Baltimore showed as 
 solid and commanding a body of men as ever strode to duty, 
 and the fire department was formidable enough to have given 
 a " doAvnward tendency " to iiisui'ance rates. The parade was 
 in fact a brilliant success, to the enjoyment of which the 
 bright exhilarating weather contributed much. The city 
 seemed to live out-doors ; sight-seeing Avas the only occupa- 
 tion, and all day, and late at night, until after midniglit, in 
 fact, the brightly illuminated streets were as animated as the 
 interior of a crowded theatre. 
 
 The procession formed on Broadway, under the general 
 command of Governor Hamilton, who, mounted on a hand- 
 some black horse and escorted by the Fifth Maryland Itegi- 
 ment, arrived on the spot in time to inspect the line from 
 right to left. At 2 o'clock p. m. Gen. Herbert gave the word 
 of command to march, and the parade moved off with the 
 precision of machinery. It was precisely one hour in passing 
 a given point. The forces of the United States were given 
 the right of the line, and their precision in march and abso- 
 lute perfection of di'ill commanded universal admiration. 
 Brigadier-Gen. Pennington commanded the troops from Fort 
 McHenry, which consisted of Battery A of artillery and Com- 
 panies M and D of the Second Artillery Regiment as infantry, 
 and Fort McHenry Band of twenty-two pieces, led by Drum- 
 Major Clayton. The battery was commanded by Lieuts. East- 
 man, Dudley and Edgerton, and consisted of four three-inch 
 steel rifled guns, with caissons. Six horses drew each of 
 the guns and caissons. The cannoniers were mounted on the 
 gun carriages and caissons. Officers and men were in full 
 regulation uniform of blue, with red trimmings, lielinets 
 and red plumes. The men, seventy in all, were armed with 
 sabres, their equipments in excellent order and the horses in 
 
156 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 
 
 fine condition. In marcliinK the battery moved by sections 
 of two pieces. The ini'antry companies were commanded by 
 Lieuts. Smith and Kowan, and numbered forty-eight men. 
 
 The naval force from the U. S. ships Yandalia and Kearsarge 
 was in line as a battalion organization, officered tlius : Colonel, 
 Lieut.-Conimander Horace Elmer, of the Kearsarge; Lieut.- 
 Col., Lieut. 1'. O. Allibone; Ordinance Officer, Master "\V. A. 
 Marshall; Ciuartermaster, Passed Ass't I'aymaster J. li.ytanton; 
 Surgeon, IJobt. Swan; Adjutant, Ensign Jos. II. Scars; Serg't- 
 Major, Cadet-Midshipman J. B. Bernadou. The first company 
 of marines was commanded by First Lieut. E. R. Robinson ; 
 the second by First Lieut. S. II. Gibson. In the battalion of 
 seamen the first company was commanded by I>ieut. P. C. 
 Derby; second by Master C. L. Bruns; third by ]\Iaster W. H. 
 II. Sutherland; fourth by Lieut. W. II. Turner; the artillery 
 by Lieut. L. E. Bixler. The total force of officers and men 
 was two hundred and forty-eight. Lieut. W. ]M. Constant 
 connnanded the pioneers. Tlie marines wore uniforms faced 
 with yellow ; the sailors, armed with rifles, wore loose jackets 
 and trowsers of blue, with wide collars and white trimmings; 
 their caps were white and they wore white gaiters — as jaunty, 
 neat-looking a set of men as ever dressed a fore-yard. 
 
 The officers of the Custom House, with the Xaval Academy 
 Band and the A\'ashington Marine Barracks Drum Corjis, fol- 
 lowed next in line. The customs inspectors, imder command 
 of Col. (I. \V. 1\ Vernon, Surveyor, luimbercd one liundred 
 men. Tlicy wei-e dressed in a dark blue uniform and Avore 
 Custom House badges. Col. Vernon's aids were Deputy Sur- 
 veyor J. W. Kaufman, Chief Weigher W. L. W. Seabrook and 
 Capt. Edw. Biddleman. Tlie inspectors inarched in platoons, 
 commanded by Maj. O. A. Horner, Capts. L. M. Ziminerniau, 
 Wm. Ciill, John M. ^A'ackeray and B. L. Simpson, Jr. Fifty 
 sailors from the revenue cutters Ewing and Hamilton, dressed 
 in blue sailor suits and armed with cutlasses, acted as color 
 guard and markers. They were commanded by Lieuts. C. T. 
 Brian, (ieorge II. Cook and D. McC. Frencli, of the revenue 
 marine service. Their marching and discipline were excel- 
 lent. The inspectors acted as escort to the Collector and 
 other United States officials, in carriages. Hon. John h. 
 
MEMOKLVL VOLUME. 157 
 
 Tliouias, Collector, William Corki-aii, Naval Officer, Capt. S. S. 
 Warner, of the Ewiiig, and C^apt. A. B. Davis, of the Hamilton, 
 occupied the first carriage. The United States Court was rep- 
 resented by Marshal John M. McClintock, District Attorney- 
 Archibald Stirling, Jr., United States Commissioner R. Lyon 
 Rogers and Henry T. Meloney, Deputy Court Clerk. Tlie 
 other customs officials in carriages were Robt. M. Proud, Col- 
 lector Internal Revenue, Peter Negley, Assistant Treasurer, O. 
 Tiffany and J. Stayman, internal revenue department, Col. S. 
 C. Chamberlain, Col. Ira Ayer and U. S. Eaton, Special Treas- 
 my Agents, Captain John J. Rodgers, United States Shipping 
 Commissioner, Deputy Collectors W. D. Burchinal and G. W. 
 McComas, J. D. Lowry, Steamboat Inspector, Deputy Naval 
 Officer D. W. Rudy, J. F. Meredith, Appraiser-General, H. H. 
 Goldsborough, Local Appraiser, J. R. Fellman, Uriah H. Grif- 
 fith, ]Meyer Shaw and Nesbitt Turnbiill, Examiners, ex-ilayor 
 John Lee Chapman, of the naval office, Charles F. Hamia, 
 Cashier of the Custom House, John P. Clayton, Deputy 
 Cashier, Samuel D. Jenkins, Cashier's Clerk, Rev. J. P. Carter, 
 T. B Mullett, J. R. Dalley, N. J. Sappington, John W. Cathcart, 
 J. B. McNeal, James Valiant, N. Henderson, C. E. Needles, A. 
 H. Carver, S. Keefer, F. J. Kugler, David IMaxwell, T. S. Nix- 
 dorff, Walter Ball, A. A. Perry and E. J. ISIiller. The carriages 
 were two abreast. 
 
 After the Custom House officers came the Old Defenders in 
 a handsomely-decorated phaeton, preceded by a detachment 
 of Wilson Post, No. 1, Grand Army Republic, as color-bearers, 
 as follows : Wm. F. McConn carried the old regimental flag of 
 the Fifth Maryland Regiment, which took part in tlie action 
 of North Point, September 12, 1814; Wm. Bogus carried the 
 handsome silk banner which was presented to the association 
 by the ladies of Baltimore on September 12, 1845; C. G. Peters 
 carried the banner of the association. Along with the phaeton 
 containing the Old Defenders were eight members of Wilson 
 Post as a guard of honor. Before starting the association Avas 
 met at the City Hall by a deputation of Wilson Post, and 
 escorted to the point of starting. The Old Defenders were 
 dressed in black dress suits, with blue sashes, and on tlieir 
 
158 :mk.m<jki.\i, voi.u.mk. 
 
 hats black cockades. There were only nine incnibers able to 
 attend the celebration. 
 
 In an open barouche, iollowiiii,' the Old Defendei-s, and car- 
 ried by Mr. Win. W. Carter, Avas the flas? of Fort McIIenry 
 that Key saw on the morninj^ after the battle when he com- 
 posed " The Star-Spangled Baimer," and as the tattered and 
 faded relic was seen by the crowds the enthusiasm was 
 unbounded. Followinj^ the historic flag came carriages con- 
 taining Cien. Robert Patterson, of Philadelphia, and Capt. J. 
 Prank Lewis, city councilman; F. F. Oilman, Acting Mayor of 
 Montreal, Canada, and F. P. Stevens, Chairman of the Munic- 
 ipal Committee; Judge James Garnett, of Norfolk, Dr. Du- 
 hamel, of AVashington, and Samuel A. Stevens, of Norfolk. 
 
 Next came the Veterans of the ^lexican War in foui' 
 phaetons. The wagons were decm-ated with national and city 
 colors and flags, and had over the front of each a representa- 
 tion of the American eagle and flag. In the first phaeton 
 were the ofiicers, Lewis F. Peeler, First Vice-President, in 
 command ; "NA'illiam Lee, Second Vice-President, Jolm (i. Fury, 
 Third Vice-President, David G. ^Murray, Treasurer, John II. 
 Gould, Secretary, Geo. A. Freeburgei", Marshal, Peter Nelson, 
 Sergeant-at-Arms, and Dr. Pichard IMcSherry, Surgeon. In the 
 first phaeton Sergeant David G. Murray carried the flag of the 
 District of Columbia and Second Maryland Regiment, which 
 was commanded by Col. Geo. AV. Hughes. This flag was pre- 
 sented to Col. Hughes by the ladies of Jalapa, and fii-st 
 unfurled by Sergeant Murray, when he carried it at the recep- 
 tion of Santa Anna within the American lines, March 2S, 1848. 
 Major John R. Kenly commanded an escort of three com- 
 panies, mounted, to jirotect Santa Anna, who had resigned the 
 presidency of Mexico and asked permission to enter the 
 American lines, with .safe conduct out of the country. Col. 
 Hughes was military Governor of Jalapa at the time, and the 
 flag was presented by the Mexican ladies, in appreciation of 
 the courtesy and consideration shown them by our troops. 
 'I'he second phaeton, in charge of Mr. Peter Nelson, had the 
 old flag of Col. W. II. Watson's Baltimore battalion, which 
 was carried at ^lonterey, where Watson fell. Tlie third 
 phaeton, in charge of Edw. Johannes, carried a beautiful silk 
 
ME:\[OniAL VOLUME. 159 
 
 flag presented to tlie association by the president, Col. Joseph 
 H. Ruddach. The fourth phaeton, in charge of William 
 French, had an old Mexican flag captured at Monterey by the 
 Baltimore Voltigeurs. The president, Col. Ruddach, was to 
 have taken charge of the association dm-ing the parade, Init 
 was unable to attend from sickness at home, and tlie com- 
 mand devolved upon the first vice-president. There were 
 present in the parade besides the officers, forty members, viz : 
 Capt. Wm. B. Howard, Ferdinand Schultz, Charles Peregoy, 
 Lieut.-Col. Chas. Reynolds, U. S. A., of Buffalo, N. Y., Jas. F. 
 IVIulligan, President of the Xorfolk and Portsmouth INIexican 
 Veteran Association, A. W. Kennady, Secretary to the National 
 Association, of AVashington, D. C, AYm. H. Richardson, Ileiuy 
 Kunitz, Simon Ambach, Heniy Bowers, Wm. A. Barnes, Daniel 
 Murphy, Levi Lewis, D. W. jMerriken, J. C. Lumsden, of AVil- 
 mington, X. C, Benj. Peddle, of Xorfolk, Ya., J. X. Benjamines, 
 Timothy Clark, AA'm. AAliittaker, Jeremiah Spates, Henry H. 
 Tilson, Thos. H. O. Hardester, Robert Harrington, Francis 
 Buschman, AA^m. Foos, Ross Johnson, John C. Stiner, Richard 
 Garrett, Edward Cooley, John R. Hiltz, AA"m. J. X'ichols, Alex. 
 AVilkinson, J. Carpenter, J. H. Malone, Thomas R. Russell, 
 Frederick Selway. 
 
 The State military column was headed by the Bond Guards, 
 of Catonsville, sixty-two muskets, Capt. D. P. Barnette. Xext 
 followed the Governor's Guards, Annapolis, sixty-five muskets, 
 Capt. Green; Kent Guards, Chestertown, sixty-two muskets, 
 Capt. Vickers ; Hamilton Light Infantry, Cumberland, forty 
 muskets, Capt. Gordon; Garrett Guards, of Garrett county, 
 thirty-eight muskets, Capt. AA'ardwell; Voltigeurs, Cumber- 
 land, thirty-two muskets, Capt. Johnson; Towson Guards, 
 Towsontown, fifty muskets, Capt. Mcintosh, and Frederick 
 Riflemen, Frederick city, fifty rifles, Capt. ]\IcSherry. Each 
 of these companies had a band of music with it, and they 
 escorted the different companies of visiting military. Of 
 these there were four : 
 
 The AA'arren Light Infantry, of Front Royal, commanded by 
 Capt. C. A. McAtee and Lieuts. H. H. Downing, John G. 
 Brown and E. H. Jackson. They numbered fifty men, and 
 were accompanied by a drum corps. The X'orfolk Light 
 
160 ME.MOiaAL VOLIMK. 
 
 Artillery lilues, Capt. (iiliiier, Lieuts. J. A. Walton and CJ. W. 
 Gordon, liad tliirty-tlu-ee mu.skets in line. The men wore the 
 Austrian artillery uniiorni, which, being very handsome, and, 
 in color and pattern, unlike that of the rest of the soldiers in 
 line, who wore gray and blue, made a striking appearance and 
 created a great deal of favorable comment. The Norfolk City 
 Guard, Capt. C. A. Nash, Lieuts. H. Hodges and C. C. Lee, 
 numbered thirty men. They wore navy blue cloth coats, sky 
 blue pantaloons and shakos. Their inuforms were trimmed 
 with gilt lace and scarlet. The Norfolk boys, both the Blues 
 and the Guards, marched as Avell as any troops in line, and 
 their manly bearing was praised by everybody. They were 
 led by the Artillery School Band of Fortress Monroe. The 
 Alexandria Light Infantry, Lieut. J. McBurney, commanding, 
 assisted by Lieuts. F. F. Marbury and George S. Smith, num- 
 bered fifty muskets, and were i)receded by the Alexandria 
 Musical Association Band. A battle-scarred flag was borne 
 l)y their standard-bearer. The Staunton Ai-tillery numbered 
 twenty-one, and were commanded by Lieut. J. A. Scheny. 
 
 The rear of this division was brought up by the Fifth Reg- 
 iment, M. N. G., in full dress uniform. There was a full turn- 
 out, aggregating nearly five hundred men and officers, and this 
 crack regiment never appeared to better advantage. It was 
 Iireceded by the regimental band and drum corps of fifty-five 
 pieces, Drum-Major G. Bruce Barrett, Iland-Master Adam Itzel. 
 Company B carried the colors, and the march was in the fol- 
 lowing order : Non-conimissioned Staff — Commissary-Sergeant, 
 W. B. Fitzgerald; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Philip II. Tuck; 
 Paymaster-Sergeant, II. A. Anderson; Ordnance-Sergeant, E. 
 L. C. Scott; Sergeant-Majoi-, W. P. Vauglin. Col. W. H. S. 
 Burgwjm and ^Major Stewart Brown. Staff — Adjutant, W. K. 
 Whiting; Quartermaster, R. J. Miller; Commissary, E. C. 
 Johnson; Surgeon, W. H. Crim ; Assistant Surgeon, W. F. 
 Lockwood; Chaplain, Jos. Reynolds, Jr.; Ordinance Officer, 
 John Landstreet ; Paymaster, W. T. Frick, all finely mounted. 
 Company II — Capt. Wm. P. Zollinger; First Lieut. C. F. Albers, 
 commanding. Company K— Capt. W. P. Herbert. Company 
 G — Capt. Charles II. Ivoeves; First Lieut. Augustus Williams, 
 commanding. Company I — Capt. L. Allison Wilmor; First 
 
MKMoKIAL VOLUME. 161 
 
 Lieut. N. I^ee Golclsboro, commanding. Company B — Capt. 
 John Lipscomb ; First Lieut. H. E. Mann, commanding. Com- 
 pany D — Capt. Cole. Company F — Capt. AV. S. Anderson; 
 First Lieut. Samuel T. lienkle, commanding. Company A — 
 Capt. Edwin Thomas. Company E — Capt. Clayton Hall. Com- 
 pany C — Capt. R. P. Brown. The companies were in sixteen- 
 flle front. 
 
 The Baltimore City College Cadets, two hundred strong, 
 followed the Fifth Eegiment. Col. D. A. Woodward, Jr., com- 
 manded, and his aids were Capt. Wm. H. Thonias and Lieuts. 
 George T. Kemp, Wm. JIcGowan, L. Thomas and J. J. Ballan- 
 tyne. The cadets were dressed in their usual suit of blue, 
 and carried their muskets like regulars. They marched well, 
 their precision of step, quickness and accuracy of evolution, 
 and fine bearing, eliciting frequent niarks of applause. ISIany 
 of them carried bouquets with them. Next followed the 
 Gi*and Army of the Republic, with nearly one thousand men 
 in line, all wearing G. A. R. miiforms, caps and badges, and 
 marching well. The line was headed by the Department 
 Commander, Gen. W. E. W. Ross, and staff, aids and officers 
 mounted. The officers were Senior Yice-Commauder, Thomas 
 S. Norwood ; Medical Director, A. A. White ; L. j\I. Zimmerman, 
 William H. Sprigg and John T. Karr, Council of Administra- 
 tion. Staff — John H. Suter, Assistant Adjutant-General ; Geo 
 P. Mott, Assistant Quartermaster-General ; R. N. Bowerman, 
 Inspector, and William H. Searles, Theodore A. Worrall and 
 Harman White, Assistants, and J. J. Butler, Judge-Advocate. 
 Aids — George Creamer, W. O. Saville, N. !M. Rittenhouse, John 
 T. Graham. John W. Mitchell, Orderly Department Com- 
 mander, and Hermon L. Emmons, Post Senior Vice-Com- 
 mander, were also mounted. Following them came Col. T. F. 
 Lang, Aid-de-Camp, and A. G. Alford, Assistant Lispector- 
 General, of the national staff. Wilson Post No. 1, led the 
 line, headed by the Post band and drum corps, Weber leader, 
 twenty-three pieces. The Post numbered three hundred and 
 flity-seven men. Commander, Graham Dukehart. It was 
 divided into companies, commanded by Capts. John H. Eng- 
 land, Geo. Reimoif and Wm. O'Brien. The color-guard, under 
 OflElcer of the Day Johnson, was a leading feature of the dis- 
 
162 MEMORIAL VOLl'ME. 
 
 play. They carried forty stand of old battle-flau's, all of which 
 had seen hard service. Tlie fla,l,^s were tied with Maryland 
 colors, and had red, white and blue streamers. TJiey had all 
 been borne in battle by Maryland re^dments of volunteer in- 
 fantry, artillery and cavalry. Tlie cadets, one hundred and 
 fifty in number, under ^hijor L. IlenniKhausen and < 'apts. T. S. 
 Crockett, Jas. T. Dobson and W. E. Conway, followed. Deni- 
 son Post No. ."!, of Woodberry, turned ou"t one hundred and 
 fifty men, ("onimander, John T. Nunan. Lincoln Post 'So. 7, 
 (colored,) Commander, William Shepherd, with tliirty-four 
 men in line, and carrying the colors of the Thirty-ninth 
 U. S. Infantry. Denison Post No. 8, Dr. James Cress, Com- 
 mander, with three stands of colors. Harry Howard Post 
 No. 1, George PI. Smith, Commander, and seventy-six men. 
 This Post had a tableau of a deserted camp, got up by N. M. 
 Rittenhouse, in the endeavor to interiiret Buchanan Read's 
 poem "I51ue Bird." It consisted of a platform upon a wagon, 
 drawn by six horses. Upon the platform, which represented 
 a field of green, was a deserted tent, an extinguished camp 
 fire, kettles and canteens, and a cannon, in the mouth of 
 which rested a blue bird and its nest ; the whole emblematic 
 of peace. The disabled members of the different (Jrand Army 
 organizations followed in the rear of the division in carriages. 
 Tlie Police Department showed that tliey liad made good 
 use of their military drill. Their marching was excellent, 
 their bearing erect, their columns solid. In advance of the 
 force the Commissioners, "NV. II. B. Fusselljaugh and John 
 ^lilroy, (Cien'I Herbert being engaged in active service in 
 another part of the line,) accompanied with Mr. John W. 
 Davis, former commissioner, and Mr. Marriott Boswell, Clerk 
 to the Board, rode in a carriage. They were followed by 
 Marshal John T. Cray, Deputy Marshal Jacol) I'rey and Lieut. 
 AVm. McK. Watkins, of the Northwestern Statio7i House, 
 mounted. An escort of mounted policemen followed, under 
 Seageant Ban-anger, and then the body of the force, on foot, 
 marching by platoons. The Middle District furnished seventy- 
 two men, in three platoons, under Capt. Lannan, Lieut. Busick 
 and Lieut, l-'razier; and each of the other districts had two 
 platoons, forty-eight men. in line, commandcMl by Capt. Lepson 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 103 
 
 and Lieut. Cadwallader, of the Western; Capt. Kenney and 
 Lieut. Auld, of the Eastern; Capt. Aaron and JJeut. ]>arbonr, 
 of the Nortlieasteru ; Capt. Delantyand Lieut. J' arran, of tlie 
 Southern; and Capt. Earhart and IJeut. Fitzgerald, of tlie 
 Northwestern. 
 
 The City Eire Department inarched in the following order: 
 Chief Engineer John M. Hennick and his assistants, George 
 W. Ellender and Thomas F. ^Murphy, with J. ^^^ Shaw, Chief 
 of Salvage Corps, all mounted; Fire Commissioners, (in car- 
 riages,) namely, Saml. W. llegester. President, Thos. W. Camp- 
 hell, James E. Trott, C. B. Slingluff, Samuel Hamiah, J. F. 
 Morrison, and George A. Campbell, Clerk Engine and Hook 
 and Ladder Companies, on foot, with foremen, as follows: 
 Engine Companies — No. 1, Jacob H. Hay ward; Xo. 2, Jacob 
 Hinds; No. .3, F. H. Flaherty; No. 4, George W. Horton; No. 
 5, Wm. G. Miller; No. 6, W. AV. Watson ; No. 7, Geo. H. Houck; 
 No. 8, John J. Flynn; No. 9, F. D. Kerr; No. 10, W. R. Ward ; 
 No. 11, Andrew Perry; No. 12, John P. Cosgrove; No. 13, John 
 V. O'Neill. Hook and Ladder Companies — No. 1, Henry \X. 
 jNIears ; No. 2, F. A. Marston ; No. 3, G. W. Foxwell. Engines, 
 hose carriages, the salvage corps wagon and apparatus, trucks 
 and fuel wagons, followed. Superintendent of Police and Fire 
 Alarm Telegraph Charles J. McAleese and assistants brought 
 up the rear. 
 
 The surviving members of the P>altimore T^iiited Fire 
 Department (the remnants of the old volunteer system), gave 
 a curious antiquarian interest to this part of the notable pro- 
 cession. The boys who "ran wid der machine" are not as 
 numerous as they used to be, and some of the old ones— men 
 like "Jimmy" Lovegrove, for instance— were sadly missed. 
 Mr. Holloway, President of the Association, headed the pro- 
 cession, and assisted by Augustus Albert, of the New Market, 
 Ed. L. Jones, of the First Baltimore, Hugh B. Jones, of the 
 Pioneer Hook and Ladder; Patrick Riley, of the Friendship, 
 and Richard A. Johns, of the Columbian. Then came repre- 
 sentatives of the old fire companies, as follows: Arechanical, 
 No. 1, instituted 17G3, James W. Gorman, j\Larshal, twenty- 
 seven men. D. W. IMyer, one of the members, wore the old 
 blue cape and hat uniform of the company, presented by a 
 
1G4 MEMOIUAL VOIAMK. 
 
 desceiulaiit of James Lovegrovc, one of tlie original members 
 of the company. Union, No. '1, instituted 1782, Tliomas Kug- 
 ler, Marrilial, five men, bearing a beautiful floral bell presented 
 by AVilson G. Smith, grandson of T. W. Levering, one of the 
 originators of the company. Friendshii), No. 3, instituted 
 1785, Robert Knight, Marshal, thirty-three men, with an old 
 hand engine, styled the "gallery" jjattern, and Avhich was 
 sold by the comimny to a "Winchester (Virginia) fire company 
 some years ago. The engine was built in Baltimore in 1851 
 by John Kodgers & Co. On the "machine," in front of the 
 gallery, was a painting of the old engine house on Frederick 
 sti'eet, just north of lialtimore street, as it appeared in 1850. 
 AVhat remains of the building is now occupied by Ives & Co., 
 fire engine builders. Tlie engine was kindly loaned by the 
 \\'inchester Fire Department. Deptford, No. 4, instituted 17'J2, 
 R. A. McAllister, Marshal, ten men. Benjamin Ikitcheler car- 
 ried an old banner belonging to the company when it was 
 populai-ly styled by the boys "Black Hawk." Liberty, No. 5, 
 instituted 17;»4, P. H. C. Stitcher, Marshal, four men, with old 
 banner and one man in the old uniform. Independent, No. G, 
 (Big Six,) instituted 1799, Geo. F. Folkes, ]\Iarshal, thirty-five 
 men. Tavo of the old green capes and hats of this company 
 Avere in the line. Vigilant, No. 7, instituted 1804, Jas. Blanch, 
 Marshal, fifteen men, with old banner. New ^Market, No. 8, 
 instituted 180:], Henry S. Konig, Mai"slial, forty men. A min- 
 iature old-style engine, made of tin and ornamentally painted, 
 was carried by two members of this company. Columbian, 
 No. 9, instituted ISOo, Thomas (iarrison. Marshal, fifty men. 
 This company had in procession, mounted on a frame borne 
 by four men, an old banner which was presented to them in 
 1841 by the Columbian Library Association, and so inscribed 
 on one side of the banner. The feature of the banner, how- 
 ever, was on the other side, being a painting representing the 
 rescue of a child from a burning building by a firenum, 
 Barney Lynch, a member of the Columbian. A portrait of 
 Col. W. II. Watson, also his fireman's hat, a former fireman, 
 killed at the storming of Monterey, Mexico, were carried by 
 two men. First Baltimore ITose, No. 10, instituted 1810, 
 Richard Dawes, Marshal, twenty-five men. This company 
 
ME:\lOPaAL VOLUME. l')0 
 
 introduced the first steam fire engine, the Alpha, into Bal- 
 timore. United, No. 11, instituted 1810, A. N. Pennington, 
 Marshal, thirty-six men. Two ancient hats and capes were 
 paraded by members of this company. Patapsco, No. 14, 
 instituted 1.S22, Peter Ward, Marshal, ten men. Howard, No. 
 1.5, instituted LS3(t, Leonard A. Helm, Marshal, four men. 
 Watchman, No. 1(3, instituted 1840, Henry E. Barton, Marshal, 
 assisted by Wm. Thornton, thirty-five men. Hook and Ladder, 
 No. 1, instituted 1851, Dr. W. H. Cole, Marshal, twelve men. 
 Western Hose, No. 19, instituted 1852, J. T. Tucker, Marshal, 
 six men. United States Hose, No. 21, instituted 1854, James 
 Graham, Marshal, and three men : Jos. Baxter, Wm. Shirley 
 and John C'lemmins. Every member of the old dei)artment 
 had a broad band on his hat labeled " Surviving Member of 
 the late B. U. F. D."— (Baltimore United Fire Department). 
 Several members in line carried old-fashioned lanterns, axes, 
 etc. Members of the old department in carriages were : Hon. 
 Joshua Yansant, City Comptroller, who has been a fli-eman 
 sixty-two years, having first joined a fire company in Phila- 
 delphia in 1818; G. W. Levering, Caleb Fox, George Osgoodly, 
 John Kummer, John Williams, (who belonged to " Mechani- 
 cal" in 1827,) John M. Peacock, John Nant, Chas. A. Schwatka, 
 J. H. Stone, William Leach, James H. Jones, Charles F. Cloud, 
 W. R. Patterson, Joseph H. Amey, George E. Taylor, F. W. 
 England, John H. Waggner, Job Foster, Jacob Gruber, AVilliam 
 Brock, John A. Thompson, Erasmus Uhler, Jacob Keilholtz, 
 Joseph H. J. Rutter, Thos. Seager, J. A. Field, John L. Reese, 
 W. K. Barker, Ricli'd Shane, Sam'l Warner, C. H. Wel)b, Wm. 
 Holtzman, G. W. Hughes, Sam'l S. Prince and Wm. Frederick. 
 The ages of these veteran firemen ranged from seventy-six 
 years down to sixty-two years. 
 
 The visiting firemen from different sections of the country 
 helped to add to the interest of the parade. The first of 
 these companies in line was the Independent Fire Company, 
 of Frederick, Md., ninety-five men, headed by the Woodsboro' 
 Band. The men wore red shirts, with green trimming, black 
 pants and green hats. Lsaac Lowenstein was President of the 
 Company, Capt. Walter Saunders, Chief Engineer, and H. P. 
 Tyson, Foreman. The Washington Fire Department was the 
 
166 MEMOniAI. VOIA'Mi: 
 
 next, consisting of two engine companies, Nos. 1 and 4, and 
 Hook and Ladder B. Messrs. Reed and Bacon, Fire Commis- 
 sioners, accompanied the department, wliicli numbered thirty- 
 five men, wearing blue uniforms, with green hats and white 
 belts. The hook and ladder comi)any had an extension ladder 
 sixty-five feet long. M. C'ronin was Chief of the TX^iiartment. 
 York, Pa., liad two companies in line. The Union Fire Com- 
 pany, with Worth's Infantry Band, had fifty uniformed men, 
 red, Avhite and blue shirts, black pants, black hats with white 
 shields; Marcellus Young, Chief Fngineer; George "\V. I'owell, 
 Forenum. The Rescue .Steam Fire and Hose Company, headed 
 by the Spring Garden liand, John Lehr, leader, had forty-three 
 men, wearing blue shirts and white hats, T. Kirk "White, Pres- 
 ident; V,. G. Keller, Chief Fngineer; Chas. Shulter, Foreman. 
 Alexandria (Va.) Lad three companies, but no apparatus, to 
 wit: Hydraulion Steam Fire Company, twenty-five men, in 
 blue shirts and black pants, Richard L. Carne, Jr., Acting 
 President; Relief Hook and Ladder, twenty-five men, white 
 shirts, red trimmings, R. M. Latham, Foi-eman; Columbia 'So. 
 4 Steam Fire Engine Coinjiany, twenty men, red shirts and 
 white trimmings, David Prettyman, President; Joseph Hardy, 
 Foreman. Annapolis was represented by two companies. 
 Rescue, No. 1, had twenty-five men, wearing red shirts, James 
 L. Beall, Foreman; Assistant, John \V. Rawlings. They had 
 Avitli them the old engine Victory, built by Lyons, llaltimore 
 Town, 177.S, which belongs to the corjjoration of Annapolis. 
 The United Company, twenty-s'x in number, wore blue shirts, 
 black pants and black hats, Richard Stone, President and 
 Acting Foreman. Tliis company had with them an old engine 
 built in IG'23. On it is the following inscription : '-Ontario 5, 
 cultured at Little York, U])per Canada, A. P. isi-'i; built at 
 Blackfriar's bridge, I>ondon." It is the property of tlie United 
 States government, and was loaned to the fire cmnpany by the 
 Xaval Academy, Annapolis. The Waverly Fire l)ei)artnient, 
 consisting of a truck and chemical engine combined, drawn 
 ])y hand, had sixty-six men, wearing gray shirts, black pants 
 jiTid hats. George J. Roach is Chief of the Department; John 
 T. Dellehnnt, Assistant Fngineer. The Rescue Fire Company, 
 of HighlandtoAvn, which brought up the rear of the visiting 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 1G7 
 
 fire companies, liad a truck and fourteen men, who wore rod 
 shirts, with blacli pants, Frederick J. F. Wiessner, Chief of the 
 Department; Theodore Maasch, President. 
 
 The following members of the Philadelphia Fire Dejjart- 
 ment rode in carriages : Jacob Loudenslager, President of the 
 Board of Commissioners; James Corcoran, Thos. H. Spence, J. 
 S. Robinson, and Wm. C. Zane, Secretary; H. S. Boardmaii, 
 Messenger; John R. Cantlin, Chief Engineer; William F. 
 Mornly and John Smith, Assistants; Geo. W. Evans, Foreman 
 of No. 16 ; Samuel Pritchard, No. 1 ; John F. Casey, Foreman 
 No. 23. John Fullerton, ex-city councilman, was in company 
 with the firemen. 
 
 The firemen were followed by about two hundred boys from 
 the House of Refuge, under Superintendent R. J. Kirkwood, 
 and preceded by the boys' band of the institution. 
 
 The procession was brought up by Captain Rau's cavalry, 
 of Highlandtown, Baltimore county, and Capt. Owens' Bond 
 Guards; also cavalry, of Anne Arundel county, all under 
 the command of Col. Harry Gilmor and Adjutant Frank A. 
 Tormey. 
 
 A steam yacht named the "Telephone," built by Messrs. 
 James Clark & Co., and filled with little girls, came at the 
 end. It was placed on a wagon drawn by six horses, and its 
 boiler and screw were in operation. 
 
 The head of the procession reached the City Hall at 5 p. m. 
 The Governor left the parade at North and Lexington streets 
 and hurried to the platform, escorted by Mr. James Broumel, 
 of the City Council, and attended by Staff Officers Gen. Brown, 
 Col. D. ]\I. Mathews and Col. McKaig. Among others on the 
 platform during the review were Gen. Brooks, formerly com- 
 manding at Fort ]\IcHemy; Gen. Ayres and other military 
 and naval officers; ex-Judge Wm. H. Tuck, of Annapolis; J. 
 Frank Turner and Chas. H. Gibson, of Easton ; J. Thomas 
 Clark, Editor Ellicott City Times; Thomas McCardle, John 
 B. Fay, Cumberland; Gen. Tyler, Gen. R. H. Carr, Col. H. D. 
 Loney, Rev. J. S. B. Hodges, Rev. E. A. McGurk, M. L. Johnson, 
 G. W. Johnson, Philadelphia ; Attorney-General Gwinn ; Jas. 
 T. Briscoe, Secretary of State ; Charles Webb, City Collector ; 
 Mayor F. E. Gilman, of Montreal, Canada ; Dr. Duhamel, of 
 
168 MEMORIAL VOI.rME. 
 
 Wasbinglon city; Judge .las. Gariiett and Samuel A. Stevens, 
 of Norfolk, Va. 
 
 As the militarj' passed tlie reviewing officials, the officers 
 came to a present with their swords and the privates to a 
 carry arms. The Mayor and the Governor acknowledged 
 these honors by lifting their hats reiieatedly. When the 
 review terminated the Governor proceeded to Barnum's Hotel, 
 and the military were invited to a lunch in the armory room 
 of the City Hall. 
 
CHAPTER SEVENTH. 
 
 Foiirtli, Fiini aiict Sixth Days of (he FestivaL 
 
 n^HE fourth day's parade was that of various societies, 
 J^ religious, moral, beneficent or industrial. The Chief 
 IMarshal on this day was Mr. James Donnelly, with Major 
 Thomas W. Hall, Chief of Staff, and the following aids: W. 
 Campbell Hamilton, Dr. C. W. Chancellor, Col. John A. Dobson, 
 Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, Jolin Mears, John Cloke, John A. 
 Franz, Edw. F. W. Choate, Nimrod Gosnell, Joseph Treeves, Jas. 
 Fay, Gen. Robert H. Carr, Col. P. M. Snowden, James Gurry, 
 John M. Gallagher, William Mclntire, Frank Hoeneman, L. 
 H. Weiman, Peter Kries, D'Arcy Paul, Winfleld Scott Amoss, 
 Capt. Winfleld S. Anderson, Dr. Morris Murray, Gen. Thomas 
 W. Campbell, August Heugennithie, M. Griflin, James Stanton, 
 S. D. Richardson, A. J. King, James E. Carr, Jr., John L. Cul- 
 leton, James Kenny, Moses McCormick, Henry Fill, Charles 
 T. Cockey, A. J. Ostendoff, Joseph S. Heuisler, Malcolm Crichr 
 ton, Bernard Kroeger, John W. Hansen, William E. Gard, W. 
 Bolton Fitzgerald, Dr. A. H. Saxton, D. Carroll Timanus, Jesse 
 N. Bowen, Henry Bosse, Eugene T. Perkins, John Moylan, 
 W. I. McMahon, John H. Butler, Dr. John I. Gross. 
 
 The ofiicial order of march by divisions was thus given out : 
 First Division — St. Andi-ew's Society, Malcolm Crichton, IMar- 
 shal ; W. W. Spence, President ; Rev. W. U. Murkland, Chap- 
 lain. Second Division — Catholic Knighthood, M. S. Mahon, 
 IMarshal. TMrd Division — Temperance Societies, Eugene T. 
 Perkins, Marshal. Fonii7i Division — Horticultural Societies, 
 James Pentland, ^Marshal ; Wm. H. Perot, President ; R. W. L. 
 Rasin, Treasurer. Fiffli and, Sixtli Divisions — Catholic Ben- 
 eficial Societies ; Fifth — John Moylan, ISIarshal ; Sixth — Henry 
 Bosse, Marshal. Seventh Division — Colored ^Masons, Odd 
 Fellows and other societies, John H. Butler, Marshal. 
 
17U MEXIORIAX VOLUME. 
 
 The usual good weather characterized the day. There were 
 the same attentive, eager, good-natured throngs, enduring 
 fatigue with unabated patience and submitting to be jostled 
 as if that were a health-giving exercise. The parade tliis day 
 formed on Fulton avenue, and marched by way of that avenue 
 to Lombard street, to Strieker street, to Baltimore street, to 
 North street, to Lexington street and the City Hall, to Faj-ette 
 street, to Gay street, to Saratoga street, to Calvert street and 
 around the Battle Monument, to Fayette street, to Charles 
 street, to Franklin street, to Pennsylvania avenue, to Mosher 
 street, to Eutaw street, where it was dismissed. The western 
 part of the city was thus the one most favored on this day. 
 The procession was four miles long, and there were, it is esti- 
 mated, ten thousand men in line, representing every creed and 
 nationality, and nearly every race and color. To the eye of 
 many the parade was the finest of the series from an artistic 
 point of view. 
 
 The procession started at 2:2-5 o'clock p. m., the head of the 
 line being given to the St. Andrew's Society, preceded by 
 tlie ^Marshal and Deputy Marshal of Police and a squad of 
 mounted men. Previous to joining the jirocession the Scotch 
 societies, the St. Andrew's and the Caledonian Club of Balti- 
 more and their visitors from New York, New Jersey, Phila- 
 delphia, Delaware and Washington city, three hundred men 
 in all, visited " Bolton," the residence of W. W. Sjience, Esq., 
 I'resident of the St. Andrew's Society, who received them in 
 the lawn in front of his residence, and a jioem, written by Mr. 
 D. M. Henderson, of the society, was read by Hev. J. T. Craig, 
 pastor of High Street Baptist Church. The poem was entitled 
 "Scotchmen's Greeting to Baltimore," a spirited production, 
 from which we select the following extract : 
 
 All, no ! my fond expectant sight 
 Meets not the Beu's majestic height 
 Nor br.ics abloom with heather hells, 
 Nor burns down-hasting to the dells — 
 But vistas great of stony streets 
 Red-lined with brick my vision greets. 
 And lo! ten tliousand iicnnons fair, 
 And h:<nncrs tilling all the air. 
 And windows draped in black and gold. 
 In rich fcsloon and graceful fold — 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 171 
 
 The colors of nil Innds I sec, 
 
 Here blended into harmouy, 
 
 For Peace ll:^i^ claimed wliat once was War's, 
 
 And groups arovind the stripes and stars 
 
 All flags, that this Oclobor sun 
 
 May kiss them all and make them one. 
 
 So bright the scene, so blithe the throng 
 
 That surges all the streets along, 
 
 Who runs may read — small need to say 
 
 That Baltimore keeps holiday. 
 
 I gaze, and wonder, and admire. 
 
 And half forget my first desire. 
 
 The Scotcli societies were a liaudsoine and imposintr body 
 of men, one-half of them being in Highland dress — plaid, 
 kilt, sporran, timic or jacket, hose, gaiters, blue Glengarry 
 Ixinnet with eagle plume, and other articles of this pictur- 
 esque costume. The chieftains wore claymores or broad- 
 swords, and the others had dirks or small swords at their 
 sides. Many carried the skean-dhu, or hunting knife, in their 
 stockings, the hilt exposed to view against the bare knees of 
 the wearer. Powder horns and other things were in some 
 instances items in the dress of individuals. The cairngorm 
 stones, which Highlanders invariably liave in the brooches 
 worn at the shoulder, shone brilliantly in the sunlight. Cos- 
 tumes were ornamented with mountings of silver, set off with 
 cairngorm stones. The clans were designated by the different 
 plaids, the Ivoyal Stuart predominating. They had ten pipers, 
 and their skilled pibroch vied with the mellower strains of 
 the ■Ntarine Band. Many guests of IMr. Spence, and gentlemen 
 of Scotch descent or birth, assisted him to receive and Avel- 
 come the visitors, who spent some time on Bolton's green 
 terraces. 
 
 In the procession, when it started from Fulton avenue, a 
 part of the St. Andrew's Society rode in open carriages ; the 
 remainder marched on foot. Division Mar.shal Malcolm 
 Crichton had on his staff T. A. Symington, J. Lyle Clark, 
 Harry Gilmor, W. Campbell Hamilton, Charles McRea, Wm, 
 Fraser and three IMasters Crichton ; all wearing Stuart tartan 
 and Gordon plaid, Avith bonnet and plume. President Spence 
 with Rev. Chaplain W. U. Murkland, of the St. Andrew's 
 Society, rode in a barouche drawn by four horses and guarded 
 by six Highlanders with claymores. The pipers marched all 
 
172 .MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 ten t()iz:et]ier and were followed by tlie Hi,i,'-lilanders, r.altiinore 
 Caledonian Club, Cliief, Win. Stirling; New York Caledonian 
 Club, Jolin Young; Hudson County (N. J.) Caledonian Club, 
 Thos. Miller; Newark (X. J.) Club, George Fyfe; riiiladelphia 
 Caledonian Club, William Leitcli; Washington Club, W. B. 
 Smith. The division was closed by the St. Andrew's members 
 in carriages and on foot. 
 
 The second division consisted of the various orders of Cath- 
 olic Knights, and was a most imposing sight as the solid 
 column of eights passed by, only broken at intor\'als by bands 
 of music, Avhich sent forth their enlivening strains. All the 
 knights wore black uniforms, varied, however, in the colors of 
 the shoulder and waist belts, differences of caps and chapeaux 
 and minor details. Eeautifully ornamented banners gleamed 
 in tlie sunlight all along the line, and the fine marching, 
 added to the ricli array, called forth loud applause wherever 
 the knights appeared. The division was headed by M. S. 
 MclNIahon, :Marshal ; E. F. Kelley, Chief of Staff, and the fol- 
 lowing mounted aids : Knights Fitzgerald, Kahlor, Foley and 
 Connor, of the Knights of St. Thomas, Woodberry, Baltimore 
 county, and from the orders in the city. George ScliM'inn, 
 Edward I"\ Kelly, James Staunton, James Keimey, John Cloke, 
 N. A. Hall, John ^Mornoy, J. E. Huster, Moses McCormack, T. 
 J. !Malone, Joseph Clark, John "\V. Ripple, Joseph Seelich 
 and others. The following societies composed this division : 
 Knights of St. Tgnafius, Chief Knight, Edward McCourt; 
 Knights of Father ^Matthew, Chief, Martin Clark ; Knights of 
 the Holy Cross, Chief, Patrick J. Leary ; Knights of St. 
 Patrick, Chief, John Donnelly ; Knights of St. iOchael, Chief, 
 Midiael I^otz; Knights of St. Lawrence, (of Wilmington, Del.,) 
 Chief, Charles O'Connor; Knights of St. John the Evangelist, 
 Chief, Michael S. ^McMahon; Knights of St. Augustine, (col- 
 ored,) Chief, C. A. Flowers; Knights of St. George, Chief, W. 
 A. Schalitzky; Knights of St. Peter, Chief, R. P. Gorman; 
 Knights of St. Peter, (Washington, D. C.,) Chief, J. T. Jennings ; 
 Knights of St. Martin, Chief, T. J. :Murphy; Knights of St. 
 Lawrence, Chief, Jas. Kelly ; Knights of St. Aloysius, Chief, 
 P. J. King; Knights of St. Paul, Chief, John Karch. Ten 
 barouches followed in rear of the division, containing Revs. 
 
MaiOIUAL VOLrME. 173 
 
 Gaitley, Brennan, Foley, Mackin, Jeggle, Giustiniani, Rolander, 
 Tracey, Cliainbille, Clarke, Casati, (missionary to Demerara,) 
 Barre, of Havre de Grace, Starkey, of Long Green, Jordan, 
 Slattery, Walsh, Ryder, I.easson, and Kniglits John IMurphy, 
 Dennis O. B. Tracey, Michael :Muri)hy, Michael A. Noel, Pat- 
 rick Meehan, Jas. JMcMahon, Peter Flaherty, Timothy Kiordan, 
 C. Bnschmann, J. W. Gerkin, John Blair, H. Miller, C. Hitter, 
 AVm. L. Jordan, Hemy Rosendale and others. 
 
 The third division, the parade of the temperance societies, 
 was not well managed nor very imposing. The Jonadabs had 
 decided not to participate, and as a great many members of 
 otlier organizations belonged to orders which had either 
 turned out already or were going to turn out, such as Odd 
 Fellows, Knights of Pythias, &c., nearly the whole divi- 
 sion Avas made up of Catholic temperance societies. The 
 division appeared in line as follows: Eugene T. Perkins, 
 Chief of Division; James Brunt, Chief of Staff; aids, Jno. 
 Edelman, Rev. IMr. Coleman, J. W. Snow, Henry Schoffer, C. 
 P. Bailey, R. E. Nunnelley, E. M. Romoser, W. Diven, Charles 
 Bell, Henry Brown, John Wright and J. W. Boone. In the line 
 were the Knights of St. Joseph, P. J. Brandy, Chief; Father 
 Matthew Temperance Society of St. Joseph's, O. O'Neill, Pres- 
 ident; a tableau of the :\raryland Pilgrims; St. Peter's Tem- 
 perance Society, John IMatthews, Marshal; St. Andrew's and 
 St. Vincent's Temperance Societies. These were followed by 
 Winter's Band and delegations from Arlington, Hampden, 
 Olive Branch, Lafayette, Bennett, Parlett, Karsner and Poto- 
 mac Lodges of Good Templars, headed by F. L. Morling, 
 Grand Councilor of the State of Alaryland. Jeremiah P. 
 Hooper, one of the founders of the order of Good Templars, 
 was also in line. Ai'lington Lodge, David M. Reign, Jr., Mar- 
 shal, had a delegation of about thirty. There were several 
 devices carried in line with rude caricatures and mottoes in 
 wretched bad taste, both as to conception and execution, and 
 a picture of Col. Hoy, with the words, " The originator of tem- 
 perance tabernacles in Baltimore." 
 
 The fourth division was mucli better. Nimrod Gosnell, of 
 the Second District of Baltimore county, rode at tlie head of 
 the division as Chief Marshal, Avitii tliirteen assistants. His 
 
171 MEMOKl.VL VOLl'MK. 
 
 aids were Charles T. C'ockey and Charles B. Rof^ers. The 
 Maryland Ilorticnltural Society foHowed, with tableaux, the 
 disjtlay bein.i,^ preceded by the Marshal, Jaines I'entland, on 
 liorseback, and a carriage containing W. H. Perot, K. AV. L. 
 Kasin and ^\'. 15. Sands, officers of the society. The fii-st tab- 
 leau represented the pavilion of Flora, the character being 
 taken by Miss May Stewart, who was seated in an elevated 
 bower and partly veiled by the fruits, flowers and vines which 
 surrounded her in graceful and artistic forms. The pavilion 
 made a very i^retty picture. The next tableau was the Lord 
 Baltimore souvenir, (by John Cook,) a beautiful design in 
 ferns, dahlias, roses and carnations, carried out with exquisite 
 taste. Another terraced wagon of gi'ouped plants and flowers 
 came from the Frederick road florists, and R. J. Halliday had 
 a striking and effective design, a bell and globe of dahlias, 
 surmounted by an oriole. 
 
 The farmers of Baltimore county were represented by large 
 numbers from the different districts, mounted on fine horses, 
 and presenting a creditable appearance. They were in the 
 best of humor throughout the march, and not unfrequently 
 expressed their satisfaction and high .si)irits by a cheer. The 
 following were in line: District 1, S. C. Herd, Marshal, seventy- 
 five men; District 2, Dr. II. Ilebb, Marshal; B. V. Choate, Assis- 
 fnnt Marshal, two hundred and fifty men; District ;5, Thomas 
 Cradock, thirty-five men; District <S, Edwin Scott, twenty-five 
 men; District 10, Edward Peirce, fifty men; District PJ, Bob't 
 Corse, two hundred men; District ]•>, J. M. Bryant, fifty men. 
 
 I'atapsco Crange had a six-mule team drawing a wagon 
 laden Avith agricultural products from "down the neck." 
 ]"]ighty mounted members of the grange, led by Thos. B. Todd, 
 Master, escorted their "sample." The Junior Agricultural 
 Club of the Gunpowder, Edwin Scott, Marshal, and the Garri- 
 son Forest Grange, followed next, the latter having a well- 
 laden six-horse Avagon, dressed with sheaves, fruits and vege- 
 tables. This grange had sixty-five mounted members in line. 
 
 The French and Italian societies of Baltimore took the 
 next conspicuous place in the line, the l""'rench society having 
 forty members in carriages, with a new banner borne by 
 Augnste Liimbla. IS'. L. Milles is President of this society, 
 
MEMolilAL VOLUME. 175 
 
 and rode in line. The Italiaii societies wliicli paraded, D. 
 INIonfalcoue, Marshal, were the Uuione e Fratellanza, visitors 
 from "Washington, D. C, the Baltimore society of the same 
 name and the Societa C'ristofero Colombo of this city. Tlie 
 Marshal of the Washington Unione was Joseph (Jatto, of the 
 Baltimore Unione, M. Vicari, and of the Cristofero Colombo, 
 C. S. De Fontes. Signor E. De MeroUa, Italian Vice-Consul at 
 Baltimore, accompanied these. The banners and colors of tlie 
 societies were very pretty. In the way of a tableau these 
 societies brought into line a ship, drawn by six horses, called 
 the Santa Maria, a fac simile in miniature of the caravel in 
 which Columbus sailed from Palos to give a new world to 
 Spain. The model was thirty feet long and ten feet in beam, 
 with masts truncated out of deference to the telegraph wires 
 and the arches. This vessel carried the flags of all nations, 
 an armament of twelve brass culverins and eleven men for 
 officers and crew. She also carried her own water with her — 
 a superfluity in ocean navigation but a great convenience in 
 dry seasons on the prairies — or the streets. 
 
 The fifth division comprised Catholic beneficial societies, 
 John Moylan, Marshal, and aids, B. Campbell, W. J. Duffy, 
 James ISIoran, Bernard SAveetman, Patrick Kehoe, John T. 
 Broderick, P. T. Barry, Daniel Sullivan, Patrick Meehan, J. 
 Walsh, T. J. Moylan, Lawrence IMalloy, S. McCormick, Patrick 
 Oorbitt, M. Corcoran. The societies were three from the 
 parish of St. Jolm the Evangelist, under their respective pres- 
 idents, one from St. Mary's Star of the Sea, one from St. A^in- 
 cent de Paul, one from St. Jlartin, one from St. Bridget, one 
 from St. Ignatius, and three (colored) societies from St. Fi-an- 
 cis Xavier Parish. 
 
 The sixth division, comprising similar societies, had Henry 
 Bosse, Marshal; aids, Charles Adams, John Hoffmann, F. 
 Leimkuhler and forty others. The societies in line were' not 
 uniformed. The parishes they represented were St. Alphon- 
 sus, St. Michael's, Fourteen Holy ]\Iartyrs, Holy Cross, St. 
 James, Sacred Heart, St. Wenceslaus and St. Stanislaus. St. 
 Alphonsus had twelve societies in line, John G. Schaab, l\[ar- 
 shal, and carried a tableau representing the proclamation of 
 religious liberty by the Maryland Assembly of lG4f). St. 
 
176 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 ^ricliacl's liad nine societies in line, with a tableau of St. 
 Micliacl triunipliiug over Satan — Kapliael's iiictuiv, with vari- 
 ations. Sacred Heart I'arish, Charles A(lani.s, Marshal, had 
 two societies in line; Fourteen Holy Martyrs' Parish, C. AV. 
 Janson, Marshal, had two societies in line; Holy Cross Parish, 
 Joseiih ThuniaTi, Marshal, two societies; St. James' Parish, 
 Jos. Knipke, Marshal, had three societies ; St. Stanislaus one 
 and St. Wenceslaus, Frank Siniek, two societies in line. 
 
 The s(?venth division was composed entirely of colored 
 people, and their turnout, in every way a creditable one, was 
 greeted with hearty applause all along the line. The most 
 conspicuous feature of the display was a tableau representing 
 the (Joddess of Liberty, seated upon a high elevation and 
 looking smilingly and approvingly upon thirty-eight little 
 girls, representing the United States. Rosa Belle Paole, a 
 little girl dressed in white and wearing a crown, was the God- 
 dess of Liberty. The thirty-eight State representatives were 
 also dres.sed in white, with colored ribbons. They were all 
 grouped in a handsomely decorated wagon, and carried flags 
 with the names of the States. Another striking feature of 
 the display was a gayly festooned wagon, in which the law- 
 giver Mo.ses was portrayed as standing majestically erect, 
 crowned and gowned. David Penn represented the Grand 
 High Priest of the Sons and Paughters of Moses. Throughout 
 th(? parade the colored Knights Templar, the Knights rf 
 llethel and other organizations, executed difficult maneuvers, 
 which were invariably applauded. Every association taking 
 part wore full uniforms or regalia. The Golden Leaf Associa- 
 tion, of Frederick City, were dressed in dark pantaloons, white 
 leggings, blue shirts and Avhite shields and caps. While 
 marching they placed their arms on each others' shoulders, 
 presenting an odd but handsome appearance. 
 
 The Marshal of this division was John H. Piutler, with a 
 full staff. The Knights Templar were preceded by the offi- 
 cers of the Grand Commandery, S. W. Chase, Past Grand Com- 
 mander; Pev. James A. Handy, Prelate; James Morris, Past 
 Grand Prelate; Samuel B. Hutchins, Past Grand High Priest, 
 and Thos. Bradford, of Rising Sun Commandery. The com- 
 mandories in line were: Rising Sun, D. K. Sheridan, Eminent 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 177 
 
 Commander; St. Jolin's, Jolin T. TulMnan, and Emmanuel, 
 Joliii Boston, Eminent Commanders. 
 
 The Right ^Wirshipfnl United Grand Eodge of jNIasons, who 
 came next, and who numbered two hundred men, were com- 
 manded by Wm. F. Taylor, Kiglit Worshipful Grand Master. 
 In barouches were the presiding officers, and also J. P. Jones, 
 Most Virtuous Patriarch of Arkansas, who was here on a visit. 
 The officers are George Myers, Grand ]\Iaster of the District 
 Grand Lodge; J. E. Wheaton, Deputy Grand Master; W. H. 
 Clarenoe, Secretary ; J. W. Locks, Treasurer , Rev . Wm. Brooks, 
 Chaplain; Robert Smith, Warden; J. E. Brooks, Guardian. 
 John C. White is Grand Master of the Grand Council. There 
 were two hundred IMasons in line. The Odd Fellows were 
 commanded by Past Grand ]\raster Isaac H. Baker, and num- 
 bered four hundred men. The different lodges in line were 
 Eden, the oldest in the city ; Manasseh, Crystal Font, Mount 
 Nebo, Brilliant Star, Evening Star, Humane, American, W. W. 
 Davis Lodge, John A. Bridge Lodge and District Lodge. The 
 Good Samaritans, commanded by Rt. W. Grand Chief, J. D. 
 Oliver, Richard Yoimg, Chief Marshal, and Dr. D. P. Seaton, 
 R. W. National Grand Chief, had the following lodges in line : 
 Western Chapel, James Gray, Baltimore City, Harmony, Mount 
 Lebanon and D. A. Payne. There Avere also the original 
 Knights of Bethel and the Grand United Order of Bethel, 
 four lodges in all. The Independent Order of Seven Wise 
 Men, H. Booth, G. E. Commander, had the following lodges : 
 Eastern Star, King Solomon, of Baltimore, King Solomon, of 
 Catonsville, St. John's, of Lutherville, St. Joseph's, Rising Star 
 and St. Paul's. The Grand Templars, Geo. R. Wilson Lodge, 
 No. 4, were commanded by George C. Johnson. The Draymen, 
 Carters and Wagoners' Association, J. E. Stewart, Marshal, 
 had fifty mounted men in line. The Hod-carriers Avere com- 
 manded by Chas. Avery; the Golden Leaf Association of 
 Frederick, in charge of Prof. J. E. Purdy; the Sixth Ward 
 Active Socials, J. H. Purnell, Marshal ; Western Association, 
 Wm. H. Ringgold, Marshal; East Baltimore Golden Leaf 
 Association, James Jackson, Marshal ; Silver Leaf Association, 
 John F. Brown, Marshal ; Galilean Fishermen were com- 
 manded by Thos. J. Hall, President, and Benedict Weems, 
 
178 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 i.farshal ; Kniylits of King David, Dan Lodge, John T. Robin- 
 son, Grand Commander, John H. Owens, ISIarshal; Sons and 
 Daughters of Abraham, Thos. Cager, I\hirshal ; Sons and 
 Daughters of Moses. 
 
 Tlie review at the City Hall was attended by enormous 
 crowds, and among the spectators on the grand stand was U. 
 S. Marshal Frederick Douglass, of Waslyngton. 
 
 At the close of the parade the whole of the first division — 
 the Scotchmen — returned to " l>olton," the residence of Mr. W. 
 A\'. Siience, and marched around tlie grounds, the Marine Band 
 and the pipers playing. Mr. Spence made a short speech of 
 welcome, and invited the whole company to a lunch alfresco. 
 Sword-dancing, bagpipe-playing and other amusements fol- 
 lowed the dimier. Mr. Charles G. Kerr and several others 
 made short speeches, and "Auld Lang Syne" was sung with 
 clasped hands. The Highlanders marched to Washington 
 Monument, which they saluted, passed through the public 
 squares, and went to the residence of Mr. Malcolm Crichton, 
 on Park avenue, near Franklin street. They were entertained 
 by Mr. and Mrs. Crichton, and profuse hospitalities Avere ex- 
 tended to them in various other places. 
 
 THE SECRET ORDERS. 
 
 Friday's fete, the last of the regular processions, was dedi- 
 cated to the mystic orders of Friendship, Love and Lenity, the 
 secret lodges and associations wliich have such a widely ram- 
 ifying influence all through our modern society. The i)ro- 
 gininme was as follows: Chief Mar.shal, Hon. George AA'. 
 F.iiidsay; J. J. Kahler, Chief of Staff. Division Mar-^^hals: 
 First Division— P. M. Snowden, A. D. Miller, AV. H. Cassell, T. 
 P. Porrine, John T. IMaddux, John Cox, John Waters, Jolm M. 
 Jones, John A. J. Dixon, Wm. M. Busey, E. Calvin Williams, 
 Robert A. Dobbin, Chas. Rice, Alfred G. Day, N. Rufus Gill, 
 Henry Duvall, S. R. Edwards, Geo. W. Lindsay, Jr., Thomas J. 
 Lindsay, Wm. J. Davidson, Dr. W. H. Crim, Dr. Jos. 1.. Martin, 
 Jacob Aull, E. T. Daneker, Jos. Stevens, John B. Ray, Edward 
 Fowler, Carroll S. Freeburger, J. Frank Lewis, Chas. Merry- 
 man, Joseph Davidson, Geo. B. Colflesh, Thos. Robier, Dr. Jas. 
 
MEMOm.VT. VOLUME. 170 
 
 G. Wiltshire, INIurray Tyler, Wm. H. Ford, Wm. G. Gorsuch, 
 Win. Benson, Samuel SnoAvden, Richard Hamilton. Second 
 Division — Henry Lingenfelder, Henry Lance, Jacob France. 
 Third Division— A. C. Sturgeon, F. G. Maxwell, P. L. Perkins. 
 Fourth Division — A. J. Denson, Wm. Kanna, Geo. Eisenberg. 
 Fifth Division — Dr. J. G. Linthicum, Dr. E. Gover Cox, Dr. 
 Jas. E. Gibbons. Sixth Division — James L. Johnson, George 
 Schwinn, John D. Ward. 
 
 The day was as fine as those which preceded it. The streets 
 were crowded with eager spectators, and the popular enthn- 
 siasni showed but slight abatement. The procession formed 
 on Franklin street, and marched down Paca street to Gamden 
 street, to Hanover street, to Baltimore street, to North street, 
 to Lexington street, to Holliday street, passing the reviewing 
 stand, to Baltimore street, to Exeter street, to Pratt street, to 
 Caroline street, to Eager street, to Aisquith street, to Fayette 
 street, to Calvert street, to Baltimore street, where it was 
 reviewed by the Chief Marshal and staff, and dismissed. 
 
 Police Captain Lepson had a corps of poli'cemen on hand, a 
 lilatoon of ten mounted men, under Sergeant Baker, preceding 
 the column, which marched at 2:45 p. m., with Judge Lindsay 
 at its head, accompanied by his staff and by Mr. C. Rupp in 
 his Lord Baltimore. costume. The members of the Baltimore 
 Riding Academy followed, a handsome mount, then the City 
 College Cadets, with banners presented to them during the 
 festival, and commemorating the virtues of Doctors John and 
 Henry Stevenson. Following were carriages containing Mr. 
 F. P. Stevens, Chairman of the IMunicipal Executive Commit- 
 tee; Col. Joseph Raiber, Chief Marshal on Monday; Julius 
 Conrad, Secretary of the German Committee; Albert Von 
 Degen and the twin newsboys. 
 
 The fii'st division consisted of the Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows. The drill associations were in uniform and the 
 lodges and encampment members Avore full regalia. Frank 
 A. Jarrett, RLarshal of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, headed 
 the line, with his aids, H. T. Brian, J. W. Loudenslager, Geo. 
 Constance, Chas. Potts, Wm. Grayson and George Klinefelter. 
 The Encampment Drill Association of Baltimore followed, 
 James Young, Captain, escorting the Washington Battalion 
 
180 MEJIOKIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Drill Association, Maj. C. H. Dunn conimandiuLr. These corps 
 escorted the Grand Lodge of ^Maryland in carriages. The 
 Grand Lodge officers were : Grand Master, Charles H. Gatch ; 
 Deputy Grand Master, Geo. A. Reid ; Grand Secretary, George 
 Coburn; Grand Treasurer, A. L. Spear; Grand Warden, C. Dodd 
 McFarlaud; Grand Chaplain, Rich'd Dean; Grand Conductor, 
 Lewis Vogle. Among the members of the Grand Lodge was 
 Captain John I. Daneker, one of the Old Defenders. Wm. l-\ 
 Aldrich and John T. Jakes, representing the Sovereign Grand 
 Lodge of Delaware, were also present. The subordinate 
 lodges followed. The lodges in line were: Franklin, No. 2, 
 H. L. Dannetelle, Marshal ; Columbia, No. 3, J. W. Schultze, 
 Marshal ; I'riendship, No. 7, O. C. Lillybridge. Marshal ; Wm. 
 Tell, No. 4, W. L. Gage, Marshal; Mechanics, No. 15, E. W. 
 Price, ]\Iarshal ; Thomas Wildey, No. 44, Jas. Dubel, Marshal ; 
 Iris, No. 48, Geo. M. Bokee, Marshal; Warren, No. 71, W. H. 
 Gill, Marshal; Enterprise, No. 131, B. F. Lusby, Marshal; 
 Towson Lodge, No. 79, of Towsontown, L. W. Hill, Marshal ; 
 Hereford Lodge, No. 89, of Baltimore county, iL Schultz, Mar- 
 shal; Hope Lodge, No. 132, Jas. S. Beaver, ^Marshal ; Schiller 
 Encampment, No. 12, G. P. Reiiihart, Marshal; with members 
 of other lodges and encampments interspersed throughout 
 the line. 
 
 The second division comprised the Great Council and sub- 
 ordinate tribes of the Improved Order of Red 'Slen and of the 
 Grand (irove and members of Washington and Mechanics 
 Groves, United Ancient Order of Druids. The ^Larshal of the 
 Red ]Men was J. C. Boyd; aids, C. H. Blizzard and A. A. Rein- 
 hardt. The tribes in the line were: Pocahontas, No. 3, Mar- 
 shal, C. H. Flaxcomb; Pawnee, No. 22, Marshal, R. C. Brooks; 
 Potomac, No. 51, Marshal, Rich'd J. McKewen ; Patapsco, No. 
 53, Marshal, Wm. H. Eckhardt ; Manhattan, No. 34, Marshal, 
 C. Livingston; Choptank, No. 57, Marshal, John Bauer; Patux- 
 ent. No. 58, ^Marshal, R. E. Cooper ; aud Red Cloud, No. 70, 
 Marshal, James Johnson, Jr. Members of the Powhatan, 
 Osceola, Maneto, Tecumseh, Ottawa, Susquehanna, St. Tamina 
 and Seneca Tribes, which did not turn out as organizations, 
 marched with the different tribes above designated as in the 
 line. The Great Council of ^laryland, (Big Chiefs,) followed 
 
MEi^IOIUAL VOLUME. ISl 
 
 in carnages, with otliers proiniuent in the order, viz : William 
 Louis Schley, Great Sachem ; Joseph Byers, Great Senior Sag- 
 amore; Ira B. Brown, Great Junior Sagamore; Edwin Jones, 
 Great Chief of Kecords; Wm. G. Gorsuch, Great Keeper of 
 AVampum; Joseph E. Benson, Great Prophet; J. Guest King, 
 of Annapolis, Great Sannap ; Louis Bonsai, Past Great Inco- 
 honee ; Joseph C. Boyd, Jr., Past Sachem, and the Great Alis- 
 hinewa or Marshal, besides others. 
 
 The officers and representatives of the Order of Pruids were 
 in carriages, as follows: Wm. Hamilton, Deputy Grand Arch 
 of .Maryland ; John H. Ing, Noble Arch, of Washington Grove, 
 No. 1 ; George Bovinger, Yice-Arch ; Wm. A. Thompson, Sr., 
 Chaplain; Master Wiley Carroll Hamilton, Color Bearer; David 
 D. Hobbs, Treasurer; Jacob Gazan, Secretary; Jno. McFadden, 
 Past Arch. 
 
 The third division comprised the Knights of Pythias. First 
 came the officers of the Grand Lodge of jMaryland in car- 
 riages, namely, Stephen R. INlason, Grand Chancellor; John A. 
 Schwartz, Grand Prelate; Jas. Whitehouse, Grand Keeper of 
 Records and Seal, and his assistant, Wm. M. Byrne ; W'. S. 
 Quigley, Grand Master of Exchequer; E. T. Daneker and F. 
 G. Maxwell, representatives to Supreme Lodge; Justus H. 
 Rathbone, of Washington city, who, in 1864, founded the 
 order, rode with Past Grand Chancellor William H. Lee, and 
 Grand Vice-Chancellor D. Z. Smith, of the Grand I>odge of 
 Massachusetts; Past Chancellor L. C. Baker and Yice-Chan- 
 cellor Thos. R. Morse, of Rescue Lodge, Baltimore; Grand 
 Chancellor J. B. Merritt and Grand Keeper of Records and 
 Seal George Hawkes, of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania; 
 H. A. Garrett, Chancellor of Cromelin Lodge, Montgomery 
 county, Md., and Past Grand Chancellor JLaner Jenkins, of 
 West Virginia. Officers of the Grand Lodge of the District 
 of Columbia; Past Grand Chancellor, Halver Nelson; Grand 
 Chancellor, J. E. Mitchell; Grand Vice-Chancellor, Thomas 
 Moling; Grand Master of Exchequer, W. H. Hines; represen- 
 tatives to Supreme I^odge, J. G. L. Foxwell and A. M. J. Gun- 
 ning. An advance guard of Knights in steel armor was suc- 
 ceeded by the Mounted Drill Association, Captain Tegges. 
 The fli'st section— Knights in dress uniform, G. Fred. Ruff, 
 
182 MEJIOHIAL VOLU.ME. 
 
 Marshal; Uniform Pivisiou, No. 1, Captain Alex. Gaddes, pre- 
 ceded ijy a Knard of i\niij:lit.s in armor, supporting tLe standard 
 of the order; East Jkiltiniore Drill Association, Marshal, Henry 
 Eckes; German Drill Association, Captain, Henry Feiuier. 
 The second section — Knights in fatigue uniform; (ioethe 
 Lodge, Marshal, AVilliam SchuUze; Washington (D. C.j Drill 
 Association, Capt. Henry Coggins; (ieorge Washington Lodge, 
 W. J. Fisher, Marshal ; Stoddard Lodge, F. A. I'ritchett, Mar- 
 shal; I'ythagorean Lodge, S. E. Simmons, ^Marshal; jMt. Ver- 
 non Lodge, George W. Schauni, Marshal; Rescue Lodge, S. II. 
 Daneker, Marshal; Cambridge Lodge, (of Cambridge, Md.,) 
 Clenu'nt Sulivane, Marshal; Eiu-eka Lodge, Chas. AV. (lilbert, 
 ^larshal. Knights in citizens' dress. In this section -were 
 many from various lodges who did not parade as such for the 
 reason that a large proportion belonged to the unitmnned 
 divisions. There were also numbers of visiting Knights. 
 The lodges present as such were Cromelin Lodge, Great Falls, 
 Montgomery county, R. E. Ricketts, ^larshal; Fidelity Lodge, 
 EUicott City, George T. Cavey, Marshal; Concordia Lodge, 
 Louis Reitz, Marshal; Franklin Lodge, Henry Beckel and W. 
 T. Fowler, INIarshals; Yalir.nt Lodge, John H. Michael, :*Iar- 
 shal; (iood-Will Lodge, Daniel Lattenfeld, Marshal. There 
 wore among the delegates Past < irand Chancellor A. 15. Jeffries 
 and ten Knights from AA'ilmington, Del.; Jarrettsville and 
 Shawsville, Harford county; Cockeysville, Baltimore county; 
 also a delegation front Annapolis. 
 
 The fourth division comprised Knights of the Golden Eagle 
 and the Jiuiior Order of American ]\Iechanics. The former 
 included a section of Baltimore Knights and one of visiting 
 Kuights from Philadelphia. The P.altimore Knights were 
 under command of Grand Chief J. M. Correll, who was 
 mounted. Other officers on foot were Past Chief James L. 
 McPhail, Coihmander; Supreme Vice-Chancellor Jacob AuU 
 and Grand Sir Herald W. M. Murray. Castles represented 
 were St. George's, No. 2; Mars, No. :5; Tvanhoe, No. 4; Cru- 
 sade, No. fi, and Alhambra, No. 7. The visiting Knights were 
 from the Gnmd Castle of Pennsylvania, and were commanded 
 by (irand Cliief T. W. Brooks. In an open barouche were the 
 following ofTicers of the Supreme Ctnmcil of tin' World, from 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 183 
 
 Pliiladelplua : Supreme Vice-Cliief , Edw. S. Rowan ; Supreme 
 High Priest, h. B. Howe, and Supreme Herald, Sam'l Ricliards. 
 Aids to the Grand Chief were J. M. Shepherd, H. llayner and 
 Walter Cunningham. Ten grand ofBcers of Pennsylvania, 
 including the Grand Chief, were in the line, as follows : 
 Grand Vice-Chief, Joseph V. Howell ; Grand High Priest, Dr. 
 H. Augustus Wilson; Grand Venerable Hermit, John W. Baker; 
 Grand Master of Records, James K. Cassedy; Grand Keeper 
 of Exchequer, William Smith ; Grand Sir Herald, Jolm Dick- 
 inson; Grand Worthy Chamberlain, Charles T. Dole; Bard, J. 
 Heritage, and Grand Past Chief, W. Culbertson. Castles rep- 
 resented from Philadelphia wei-e Keystone, Ko. 1 ; Apollo, 
 No. 3, and Tngomar, No. 4. Emblazoned banners were carried 
 both by the Baltimore and Philadelphia castles. 
 
 The State officers of the Junior Order of American INIechan- 
 ics present in line were as follows : Past State Councilor, R. T. 
 Frank ; State Councilor, C. A. Fisher ; Lt. Vice-Councilor, J. 
 P. Rump ; State Secretary, J. Adam Sohl ; State Treasurer, 
 Wm. Harvey; State Warden, W. Watkins; State Conductor, 
 Geo. Gable; State Representatives to the National Council, 
 A. E. Disney, Edward Gage, A. Charles Barlage, Wm. S. Git- 
 tinger and Henry Krause. The officers in command were 
 Chief INIarshal R. T. Frank and Assistants Chas. R. Sliipley, 
 Chas. H. Crawford, Geo. A. Simmons, James Vinson and Jolm 
 R. Boblitz. Six councils were represented, namely: Balti- 
 more, Maryland, United, Friendship, Morning Star and Golden 
 Rule, of Waverley. The members, as indicated by the name 
 of the order, were all young men. 
 
 The fifth division, A. J. Denson, INIarshal, George Eisenberg, 
 Joseph Stevens, aids, comprised the Heptasophs, or Seven 
 Wise Men, the Grand Lodge Independent Order of ]\Ieclianics 
 and subordinate lodges of the same Order. The Heptasophs 
 bore three tableaux illustrative of the history of their order, 
 which was first instituted in the United States at New Orleans, 
 April 11th, 1852. The first of these pictures presented the 
 neophyte, seeking admission to the Order, the wise men ap- 
 pearing in character, clad in their robes of office. The second 
 gave the candidate after admission, called " Gayo." The third 
 was emblematic of the mysteries of initiation. The officers 
 
1S4 MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 of the Seven ^\'ise Men were W. T. Fredericks, Grand Cliar- 
 rellor; J. V. Posey, Most Eminent (irand Arclion; James R. 
 Wilson, Most Worsliipfnl (Irand J'rovost ; Charles Fairbanks, 
 Kii,'ht Worthy (Jrand Scribe; Jacob Blankford, Right Worthy 
 (Irand Treasm-er; AV. T. Hammond, Most Venerable (irand 
 Prelate; Jas. 15. Lucas, Hiirht M'orthy (Jrand Inspector-Cien- 
 eral ; Thomas (J. linckley, Riyht Worthy Crand Herald; Chas. 
 Klein, Right Worthy Grand Warden; Henry Richards, Right 
 Worthy Grand Sentinel; A. J. Simpson, (Irand Tnstrnctor, and 
 John H. Russell, Right Worthy Grand Guide, all in carriages. 
 Robert Gillespie, Supreme Provost of the Supreme Lodge, and 
 Past Supreme Archon Frank Raymo, were also in line. The 
 lodges were (Jamma, Kappa, Alpha, Lafayette, Baltimore City, 
 Beta, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Lambda, Pi, Xi, Phi and Marion. 
 
 The Grand Lodge Independent Order Mechanics, who follow- 
 ed next, were officered as follows : A. J. Denson, Senior Grand 
 Architect; James Jolmson, Grnnd Architect; W. H. Snader, 
 Vice-Grand Architect; Wm. Louis Schley, Grand Secretary; 
 W. T. Coleman, Grand Treasurer; J. AV. S. Tracey, (Jrand 
 Chaplain; James Gaddess, Grand Conductor; John S. Rich- 
 ardson, Grand Inside Sentinel; Bernard Vogel, Grand Outside 
 Sentinel. Joshua N. Richardson acted as Grand Marshal. 
 All the officers were in barouches, as were also L. H. Patterson, 
 Past Grand Architect, and editor of the Mechanics' Advocate, 
 AA'a.shington; James ^lartin. Past Grand Architect, and Samuel 
 R. Turner, both of AA^ashington. ]\Iessrs. George List and AVm. 
 C. Bailey, founders of the order in tliis city, were in a carriage. 
 The subordinate lodges were Alaryland, I'altimore City, Fi-ank- 
 lin, Eureka, Oriental, Lafayette, Howard, Ph(rni-\, Alpha, of 
 AVoodberry, Olive Branch, I'riendship, Mechanics, Columbia, 
 King Havid, Myrtle, Prospect, AVarren and Monumental. 
 
 Thomas M. Hukehart, Dr. J. G. Linthicum and James L. 
 Johnson were Marshals of the sixth division, which was 
 headed by the Royal Arcanum, with I>. V. Gambrill, Marshal, 
 Samuel F. Bennett, Lieutenant Marshal, J. A. Merritt, R. AV. 
 Baldwin, J. Henry Knell, Jr., Dr. A. M. AVortman, Francis 
 Gates, Fredk. Ehlen, D. W. Rudy, R. AV. Pice, Richard B. AVil- 
 liams, B. C. Shipley, John E. (iressitt, AV. F. Leber, Thos. A. 
 Milman, J. G. Tyler, Dr. AVilliams, R. E. DifFenderffer, D. L. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 185 
 
 Keuly, A. P. Amos, Jr., A. T. Spice, P. Scull and otlierg, Assis- 
 tant Mar.slials. All these gentlemen were mounted. One 
 liundred and fifty officers of the various councils followed in 
 barouclies, each wearing elaborate gold badges, indicative of 
 their rank and position. The carriages were decorated with 
 orange and black, and each carried a council banner and an 
 American flag raised aloft. The Grand Council of the Order, 
 composed of the following gentlemen, also rode in carriages, 
 carrying the Grand Council banner : E. Gover Cox, Rev. Wm. 
 
 F. Speake, C. Winston Smith, Jesse Remington, J. Glen Cook, 
 John F. Pullen. The following councils were represented : 
 Alpha Council, No. 192, the pioneer liere, Wm. Shannon, 
 Regent; Carrollton, No. 257, D. E. Shipley, Jr., Regent; Mt. 
 Vernon, No. 279, Nelson Poe, Jr., Regent ; Maryland, No. 296, 
 S. Hartman, Regent; Eureka, No. 30S, Geo. H. M. Marriott, 
 Regent ; Baltimore City, No. 357, James F. Schaefer, Regent ; 
 Park, No. 361, A. J. Corning, Regent; Chesapeake^ No. 364, 
 H. N. Bankard, Regent; Mercantile, No. 378, E. M. Shriver, 
 Regent; Monumental, No. 479, C. M. Elliott, Regent; Patapsco, 
 No. 482, T. B. Gambel, Jr., Regent. The Grand Lodge Im- 
 I)roved Order of Mechanics followed, John T. Jones, Grand 
 Master, and officers in carriages, with flags : W. A. Potts, C. E. 
 Jack, James A. Talbot, R. H. Deale, H. C. Ewing, C. W. Cook, 
 Thomas Kirby, John A. MacGregor, Jos. N. Megary, Charles 
 A. Mills. 
 
 The next place in the division was taken by the Improved 
 Order of Heptasophs, Columbus Shipley, Robert F. Metzel, 
 Marshals. Eighteen barouches were in line, containing only 
 officers of the different conclaves of the order. These carried 
 flags of the order, national and State colors. The following 
 conclaves were represented : Metropolitan, No. 19, C. C. Rhodes, 
 Archon; Protection, No. 17, Dr. Belt, Archon; Baltimore City, 
 No. 16, R. T. Stevens, Archon; Delphi, No. 14, Chas. M. Hop- 
 kins, Archon; Columbia, No. 11, J. J. Jett, Archon; Rebecca, 
 No. 10, Adolph Eohmayer, Archon; Gem, No. 8, G. M. D. Nice, 
 Archon ; Eastern, No. 7, J. W. Jones, Archon ; Zeta, No. 6, F. 
 
 G. Cramer, Archon. The Supreme Trustees of the order, John 
 W. Cruett, John (i. Eouis, and Supreme Medical Director, Dr. 
 J. 11. Christian, rode together. The Supreme I'rovost, W. J. 
 
18fi MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 McC'lure, of roniisylvaiiia, iuid Supremo Secretary, James S. 
 Watkiiis, came next in order. Past Supreme Arclions John A. 
 Dobson, William D. Higjjins, occupied one of tlie special car- 
 riaj,'es. Tast Supreme Arclion G. V. Mitzel and Supreme 
 Arclion Joseph Harris brou,i>:ht up the rear. The j^rocession 
 was In-outrht up l)y the Avoudale Pleasure Association, Chas. 
 Ilaupt, Director, who paraded on foot, (uessed in orant;:e and 
 black. 
 
 The review at the City Hall by Mayor Latrobe was assisted 
 by Hon. G. G. Collins, Mayor of Columbus, Oliio, Captain 
 Meade, of the Vandalia, ex-Mayor Elijah Stansbury, Col. J. 
 Thomas Scharf, John T. Ford, Gen. Shriver, Judijes Lewis, 
 Patterson and Carr, of the Appeal Tax Court, Collector John 
 L. Thomas, Messrs. jNIooney, Horner and Fledderman, of the 
 City Council, Kev. George E. Hildt, Mr. AY. A. Wisong, and 
 others. 
 
 THE PAKADE IX THE HARBOR. 
 
 The ofiicial programme of the Municipal Executive Com- 
 mittee's parades closed on the sixth day, Saturday, October 
 null, with a parade in the harbor, of steam tugboats, reviewed 
 by Mayor I>atrobe and the Committee. This brilliant spec- 
 tacle was under the conduct of Capt. R. M. Spedden, Chief 
 Marshal, in the tug the Anna Belle ; Capt. J. G. Eoberts, 
 Deputy IMarshal, in the Goldsmith Maid, and Gapts. James 
 Rlieil and A\'illiam Hujit, aids, in the George Rheiman and 
 the John Taxis. The flagship was the Rattler, Capt. Wm. R 
 Shaw, (Capt. Geo. W. Beck, managing owner,) and the fleet 
 consisted of seventy-one steam tugs. 
 
 The idea of having one day's festival in the shape of a 
 waterside review was a happy one, resulting in one of the 
 handsomest and most picturesque spectacles ever witnessed 
 anywhcri". 'riii> iirocession on the Patapsco, in fact, viewed 
 merely from an artistic standpoint and as a scenic effect, was 
 the most successful part of the festival. It took place under 
 a warm and serene sky, on waters just kissed by the gentlest 
 of zephyrs, and in the pi-esence of thousands and thousands of 
 spectators, who oi'cupied every point from which a glimpse 
 
MEMOIJIAL VOLUME. 187 
 
 could be had of tlie ]iai-bor, frOm tlio Easin doAvii to I.oM^or 
 Canton. Federal Hill was a terraced mass of Ininian beings 
 in gay attire. All the boats in the harbor were out ; the yards 
 and rigging of all the vessels were manned, and every wliarf 
 and pier, and the roofs of all sheds and adjacent warehouses, 
 were crowded. There were numbers of excursion steamers 
 plying to and fro, laden to the gunwales with their living 
 freight. The harbor and all the vessels in it and every con- 
 spicuous place about it were elaborately decorated, and mil- 
 lions of flags were displayed. At every wharf, from Locust 
 Point all the way along the South Baltimore front, in the 
 do(;ks at the head of the Basin, and on the north side, down 
 to the Canton elevators, thousands of vessels and a forest of 
 masts were decorated with bunting, and myriads of flags and 
 streamers fluttered in the bright sunlight whicli gladdened 
 the occasion. Around the circuit of the inner harbor, for the 
 distance of five or six miles, sailing vessels from all parts of 
 the world, European steamers, our own coastwise and bay 
 steamers and otlier craft, were all profusely decorated M'ith 
 bunting, and even the vessels riding at anchor in Quarantine, 
 below Fort McHenry, showed their colors in recognition of 
 the celebration, while along the channels of the river even 
 the biloys were ornamented with yellow and black. On eveiy 
 available spot on land, on all the vessels around the circuit, 
 on every pier and headland, crowds of spectators swarmed to 
 view the marine spectacle. The grassy slopes and earthworks 
 of Fort McHenry and the parapets, Avere black with masses of 
 people, who had been assembling from half-past nine o'clock 
 until ten o'clock, when the procession was expected to start. 
 In the meanwhile the tugs and other vessels to take part in 
 the demonstration presented a scene of bustling activity as 
 they moved about the harbor to the rendezvous off Canton, a 
 short distance above the Lazaretto light-house. It was not 
 without some delay that all the preparatory details were put 
 in shape by Capt. B. M. Spedden, Chief Marshal of tlie day, 
 and his aids. 
 
 The city iceboat Ferdinand C. Latrobe had the honor of 
 bearing the admiral's flag, the escutcheon of ]\Iaryland, at the 
 fore, Capt. Geoghegan commanding. The vessel, clean and 
 
188 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 
 
 trim in all its parts, was f,'ayly dressed with flags and 
 streamers, and carried besides many beautifnl ladies, who 
 i,'raced tlie occasion by their presence. Over the wheel-house 
 of the Latrobe was a large canvas on which was a picture of 
 the Battle Monument and the inscripticm "City of Baltimore, 
 17;30-1880." The front of the wheel-house was Imng with red, 
 white and blue shields of Maryland, and the black and 
 yellow colors. From the foremast to maimnast head wei-e 
 strings of flags. The iceboat Maryland was brilliant with 
 rows of flags from stem to stern. The masts and railings 
 were entirely covered with the Calvert coloi's. At the foot of 
 iSouth street was also the large city tug Baltimore, Capt. Col- 
 lins, dressed out in the height of anniversary colors ; she took 
 on board a large number of ladies and gentlemen. The Balti- 
 more had her whole upper works covered with flags and 
 coloi-s, abov(^ which floated a flag bearing the name of the 
 tug. The Baltimore and Ohio tug convoy, lying near by, was 
 very finely decorated from stem to stern with United States, 
 German and other flags, black and yellow colors and ever- 
 greens. On board the Latrobe, beside ^Mayor Latrobe, Presi- 
 ident; James "Woodside, Secretary, and >.'. IL Hutton, Civil 
 Engineer, and Wm. H. Skinner, of the Harbor Board, the 
 guests included many city officers and others of positio"n and 
 consequence in the community. On the steamer Maryland, 
 commanded by Capt. Griggs, were members of the Harbor 
 and Kiver Board of Relief and their guests, comprising many 
 of the most prominent business men and merchants of the 
 city, beside numerous ladies. 
 
 At 10:."50 o'clock the JIaryland, with Captain Adam Itzel's 
 Fifth Regiment Band playing, steamed out from the wliarf, 
 and the F. C. Latrobe went out three minutes later, and took 
 the lead down the harbor. The view from both vessels was 
 magnificent. Hearty cheers were given by the crowds as 
 the iceboats passed down the harbor, with flags flying and 
 whistles blowing. Steamers from Light street wharf — the 
 I'entz, ^Slatilda, Pilot Boy, (Jeorgeanna, Chester, and others, 
 came out swarming with passengers. One or two very slight 
 showers fell from light clouds, not sufficient to moisten the 
 decks. The fleecy clouds soon passed over, and the day was 
 
JMEJIOKIAI. VOLUM]-:. 189 
 
 all lliat could be desired, clear, warm, and ■with a sliglit wind 
 from the northwest. Hundreds of small rowboats were flying 
 around the harbor. Off Locust Point the fleet of tugs was 
 met passing up to form line in the harbor. The tugs had 
 assembled near the Upper Canton elevator, and the shores 
 were covered by thousands of men, women and childi-en, look- 
 ing on. As the tugs came by singly or in groups of two or 
 three, their whistles shrieked in every key from the shrill 
 pipe of a little 20-horse-power engine up to the hoarse notes 
 of the Latrobe. All the tugs appeared most brilliantly deco- 
 rated as they cut through the waters, showing all the colors 
 of the rainbow. The pilot-houses were hidden under a wealth 
 of decorations, and their decks were crowded with happy 
 faces of men, women and children, laughing and cheerhig 
 and waving handkerchiefs. The tug men had what those on 
 land could not have, their wives, children and sweethearts 
 and friends to enjoy the gala day. On the Avay down, the 
 iceboat Latrobe, followed by the Maryland and Baltimore, 
 was joined also by the United States revenue vessels Ewing 
 and Guthrie, of Baltimore, and Hamilton, of Philadelpliia, 
 the convoy thus forming of itself an imposing array. The 
 Hamilton had come from Philadelphia on purpose to take 
 part in the demonstration. The Ewing, Capt. Warner, carried 
 about two hundred persons, including many ladies, to witness 
 the parade. At Fort ]\IcHenry the Ewing took on board Gen. 
 R. B. Ayres and others, including the Fort Band, and also 
 transferred many of the passengers to the revenue cutter 
 Hamilton, Capt. Davis. The revenue cutter Guthrie, Capt. 
 Mullet, carried down a select party. All three revenue ves- 
 sels were plentifully supplied with bunting. 
 
 When the iceboat Latrobe and its convoy liad passed the 
 bonded warehouses at Henderson's wharf, the anchorage 
 grounds of the United States war vessels Yandalia and Kear- 
 sarge were revealed, animated by hundreds of decorated ves- 
 sels and the bustle of the gala occasion. The Yandalia, the 
 flagship, Capt. ]\Ieade commanding, lay bow on towards the 
 channel, and the Kearsarge, Commander Picking, broadside 
 on further down. Both the vessels were decorated Mith a 
 single line of flags reaching from the water below the bow- 
 
190 MEMORIAL VOLIME. 
 
 sprit over the tops of their masts to the water at the stem. 
 It was a convenient tiction of the hour that the (Jovernor of 
 Mary hind was aboard the Latrobe, and in consequence of this 
 supposition a salute of seventeen ^auis was fired from the 
 Vandalia. This greeting wreathed the saluting vessel in 
 smoke, and the deep roar of the guns fin- a time drowned the 
 shrill whistle of the tugs. 
 
 The Latrobe steamed down to tlie lower anchorage grounds 
 and remained until the tugs had formed above, two and two. 
 Among the vessels down the river was the beautiful steam 
 yacht "The Gleam," owned by Mr. Wm. H. Graham. Slie 
 was handsomely decorated with flags and Chinese lanterns. 
 Tliere were also in the stream seven I'hiladelphia yachts 
 which had come on to Baltimore dm-ing the week. 
 
 Then the vessels, with bands playing, steamed down to 
 within two hundred yards or so of Fort Carroll and took 
 station there. In the meanwhile the tugs constituting the 
 gala procession proceeded down the east side of the harbor 
 close under the Northern Central Railroad elevators. Up- 
 wards of sixty vessels were in the line, steaming at an average 
 interval of one hundred yards apart, and making the total 
 length of the line over four miles, or the whole distance from 
 the lower Canton elevator to Fort Carroll. A United States 
 flag was displayed on the lauding pier of the fort, and the 
 "Old Sergeant" and his gallant detachment, wlio garrison the 
 fort, stood at attention and all amazement at the sight of the 
 parade. Lying near the Latrobe were the revenue cutters 
 Hamilton, Ewing and Guthrie. 
 
 The long procession of steamtugs passed by the Latrobe, 
 each one saluting with steam whistle, and rounding Fort Car- 
 roll, formed for review, the line extending in a semi-circle 
 from opposite Quarantine nearly to Fort McHenry. The tugs 
 were in the following order: Morris Ij. Keen— owners, J. H. 
 Kiehl & Bros.; master, Capt. John H. Riehl. Canton— owners, 
 Baltimore Elevators Company ; master, Capt. Geo. W. Martin. 
 Alexander Jones— owners, Alex. Jones & Co.; master, Capt. 
 Joseph A. Howard. Lon Edes— owners, F. Roberts and others; 
 master, Capt. R. A. Adams. Lawson — owners, John H. Cook 
 and others; master, Capt. James Adams. Mohawk— owner, 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 191 
 
 Jolin H. Rielil ; master, Capt. Clias. W. Russell. Game Cock — 
 owners, Jas. L. Eielil and others; master, Capt. J. H. D. ]\Iills. 
 Minnie Maythan — owner, James Brown; master, Capt. ^\'m. 
 Moody. Hattie Wood — owners, Jolin Wood & Co.; master, 
 Capt. Henry DeJoy. Lizzie Mc]Malion — owners, Jolm Wood & 
 Co. ; master, Capt. David Wood. Jim — owners, Baker, Wliite- 
 ley & Co. ; master, Capt. J. R. Reock. Reuben Foster— owner 
 and master, Capt. Charles F. RieM. H. M. Green— owner and 
 master, Capt. Isaac Kirby. J. W. Thompson- owners, Joseph 
 Jury & Co. ; master, Capt. J. B. Johnson. Chesapeake— owner, 
 W^m. Malony; master, Capt. J. L. Hurley. George Xorris— 
 owners, Capt. Wm. V. Norris and others ; master, Capt. J. Cot- 
 trell. INIarion— owners, Edward Graham and others; master, 
 Capt. Jesse Thurlow. Parole— OAvners, A. R. Skinner and 
 others; master, Capt. A. R. Skinner. Grace Titus— owner, 
 Peter Zane; master, Capt. Wm. ]\Iills. Joseph W. Bullock- 
 owner, James Legg; master, Capt. David Joynes. Vigilant— 
 owner, George W. Whitof ord ; master, Capt. Whiteford. Uncle 
 Sam— owner, George Weaver; master, Capt. Cieorge W. Jones. 
 A. Somers Kapella — owner, James McCoy ; master, Capt. John 
 ]\IcCoy. George M. Hill— owned in Havre de CJrace. Success- 
 owners, Rauch & Bowen; master, Capt. M. Farley. Alice ]\r. 
 Ehrman— owner, Lewis Ehrman; master, Capt. A. F. Doane. 
 Camilla— owners, A. L. Huggins and others; master, Capt. 
 Henry T. Bramble. Rattler— owners, Capt. George W. Beck 
 and others; master, Capt. Wm. H. Shaw, Jr. Convoy— owners, 
 r.altimore and Ohio Railroad Company; Capt. J. R. Boyd. S. 
 M. Johnson— owner, Wm. A. Johnson; master, Capt. Alfred 
 Sholley. Robert Turner— owners, D. H. Leary and others; 
 master, Capt. D. H. Leary. James IMcDougal- owners, F. 
 Roberts and others ; master, Capt. ^^nl. Roberts. Enterprise- 
 owners, Capt. George W. Beck and others ; master, Capt. E. C. 
 Fountain. Tigress— owners, F. Roberts and others; master, 
 Capt. Palo Rossi. Joseph Zane— owner, Edw. Wilson ; master, 
 Capt. Walter Wooden. S. J. Flanigan— owners, American 
 Dredging Company. Lightning — American Dredging Conir 
 pany. J. C. Fobes— owners, Fobes Bros. ; master, Capt. Clias. 
 Funk. L. B. Cranmer— owners, Capt. Cranmer and others; 
 master, Capt. L. S. Collison. Amanda Powell— owners, F. 
 
192 MEJtORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 Koberts and others; master, Capt. George Roberts. Lizzie 
 lluiit — owners, (Jeorge F. Brown and otliers; master, Capt. 
 Wilson Davis, liichard S. Garrett — owners, Capt. George W. 
 Beck and others ; master, Capt. James O'Xeil. D. W. Lenox — 
 owners, Capt. George W. Beck and others; master, Capt. John 
 IL BroAvn. Emma — owners, Capt. Joseph Shaw and others ; 
 master, Capt. A. E. Callin. Warrior — owners, Fobes Bros. J. 
 S. Gunby — owner, Stephen Gunby; master, Capt. Thos. ]\Iann. 
 Caroline — owners, Baltimore Towing Company; master, L. 
 Dacan. James Bigler — owners, F. Roberts and otliers ; master, 
 Capt. Frank Kirby. Mary Shaw — owner, Capt. Alex. Jones; 
 master, Capt. T. T. Kirby. Virginia Ehrman — owner, Lewis 
 Ehrman; master, Capt. I. J. Anderson. Com. S. F. Dupont — 
 owner, Lewis Ehrman; master, Capt. Chas. Dagenhart. Her- 
 cules — owners, Capt. Geo. AY. Beck and others ; master, Capt. 
 W. H. Stark. Kate Jones — owner, Capt. Alex. Jones; master, 
 Capt. A. F. Jones, in place of Capt. Spedden, Chief Marshal 
 for the day. Miivy Curtis — owners, Fobes Bros. ; master, Capt. 
 Charles Lewis. Annie Bell — owner, Capt. Alex. Jones; Chief 
 ^larshal's boat, nnder command of Capt. Spedden. Gold- 
 smith Maid — owners, F. Roberts and others; Capt. J. T. 
 Roberts, Deputy ^larshal, in command. George S. Reiman — 
 owners, Jas. L. Riehl and others ; commanded by Capt. Riehl, 
 aid to the Marshal. John Taxis — owners. Ranch & Bowen ; 
 master, Capt. Jas. H. Bull, President of the Towboat Associa- 
 tion; Capt. Wm. Hunt, aid to the ^Marshal, was on board. The 
 Robert Leslie, a United States lighthouse and 1)uoy tender, 
 and the Idle Hour, a tiny steam yacht, owner and master, 
 John Lowell, were in the line with the tugs. 
 
 The Morris L. Keen acted as the flag-boat of the tug fleet, 
 and took the front of the line. The decorations of the ve.ssel 
 Avere very striking. Over the front of the pilot house was a 
 representation of the Maryland escutcheon, the fi.sherman and 
 the farmer being in tableau with two boys dressed in appro- 
 priate costume, one in black and the other in yelloM' colors; 
 one with a spade, the other with a fish. Over the shield was 
 an eagle, and at the bow of tlie boat Avas a large star of blue 
 llowers. The C;inton was occupied as officers' boat, carrying 
 Cominodure .Mexander Jones, of the Towboat Association; 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 193 
 
 president, Capt. Jolm H. Bull; vice-president, Capt. J. T. Hur- 
 ley ; secretary, Cliarles Herzog, and treasurer, Capt. George W. 
 Martin. 
 
 The small steam yaclit Teleiiliouc, built by James Clark & 
 Co., and carried in tlie street procession ]\Ionday, towed down 
 a miniature full-rigged clipper sliip, about thirty feet long. 
 Below Fort Carroll tlie wind was favorable for sailing up, and 
 tlie little sliip was cast loose and sailed back to tlie harbor. 
 The little ship was also built by ISIessrs. Clark & Co. at the 
 time of the centennial exhibition in Philadelphia. On her 
 first attempt to make the voyage from Baltimore she capsized 
 and had to be brought back, but subsequently went through 
 to Philadelphia successfully and was on exhibition there. 
 
 The Idle Hour, hardly as big as an ordinary rowboat, is 
 said to be the smallest steam yaclit in the world, and the 
 little vessel excited much attention in tlie harbor as she ran 
 out and in the line of tugs. 
 
 The Annie Belle, Goldsmith Maid, George Rieman and John 
 Taxis, used by Mar.shal Spedden and his aids, passed up and 
 down at all points where directions were needed. 
 
 It was wonderful to see how infinite variety could come out 
 of so much sameness. Flags, black and yellow colors and 
 evergreens made up the whole, and yet no two were alike. 
 Every breath of breeze caused new and varied shapes on each 
 as the flags waved and shifted about. Among the boats 
 specially notable for decorations were the Hercules and Kate 
 Jones, both of which had high masts, which assisted much in 
 pixjclucing a striking effect. On the Reuben Foster was a can- 
 vas bearing the inscription, " Peace, Good- Will and Prosperity 
 to all Mankind." One of the boats owned by Fobes & Co. 
 liad canvases on which were inscribed " Peep ^yater the Life 
 of Commerce. Depth of Water at Baltimore in 1870, 14 feet, 
 in 1880, 25 feet." " We Spend Our Money where we Make it." 
 The decorations of the Virginia Ehrman were also very fine. 
 Everywhere the garniture of beauty covered the armor of 
 strength, and under the airy floating flags, entwined colors, 
 waving banners and evergreen wreaths were the engines and 
 stout hulls of the tugs, material proofs of the strength, energy 
 and solidity of the city to which they belong. 
 
194 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 When tlie last boat of tlie procession wliicli liad pranced 
 over the rippling water had rounded Fort Carroll, the Latrobe, 
 with the Mayor standing on the upper deck on the larboard 
 side of the pilot-house, passed along the front of the line to 
 the head of tlie column, the bands playing and the wliistles 
 blowing. It was a beautiful sight as the great steamer swept 
 in front of the gayly decked line. 
 
 At Fort McHenry the wharves and esplanades of the fort 
 were crowded with people, and as tlie Latrobe came near she 
 was greeted with cheers. By command of Gen. Ayres a salute 
 of thirty-eight guns was fij-ed from the wharf by the field 
 batteiy. Opposite the United States men-of-war the I^atrobe 
 was just in time for those on board to see a column of water 
 thrown up by the last of the torpedoes exploded by the boats 
 of the war vessels. 
 
 The Latrobe then proceeded to Boyce's wharf, where the 
 close of the review took place, the boats forming two and two, 
 lashod together, and passing around the Latrobe. This was 
 probably the most beautiful maneuver of the whole, and the 
 glory of the scene can scarcely be described. A lady said the 
 tugboats kept step beautifully. The whole harbor Avas a 
 moving panorama of gorgeous beauty. Whistles were almost 
 deafening, and the cheers were tumultuous. The enthusiasm 
 was so great that many of the elder gentlemen on the Latrobe 
 were shouting and waving theii" hats with all the energy of 
 youth. ]\ruch admiration was expressed at the easy and 
 graceful way in which the boats maneuvered. After the 
 review the I>atrobe, Maryland and Baltimore proceeded to 
 the foot of South street and the tugs to their wharves at Fell's 
 Point and Canton. The pleasure of the day was without 
 alloy. 
 
 The Snn newspaper, in commenting on this striking and 
 brilliant "Pageant on the Patapsco," says: 
 
 " It is universally agreed by those fortunate enough to wit- 
 ness the festival of Saturday in the Basin, harbor and river, 
 that it er[ualed in effect and ijicturesque beauty any pageant 
 in the whole series of spectacles in lionor of the one liuiulnvl 
 and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of our city, which 
 liave made last week so memorable in the annals of Balti- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME, 195 
 
 more. Mr. Leakin's comparison of the scene to the ancient 
 festival of Venice, the marriage of the newly-elected Doye to 
 the Adriatic, which the poets have so often celebrated, was a 
 just one, and not exaggerated. It was a scene which deserved 
 a poet's pen to commemorate it, and none other could do jus- 
 tice to accessories so numerous and so varied, so rich and lux- 
 uriant, surrounding an industrial display that was so intensely 
 modern, and so typical of the activity, the bustle, the mechan- 
 ical resources and labor-saving appliances of contemporary 
 life. Viewed in this light, the scene was by no means simply 
 a "tugboat regatta," but a real toiu-nament held by the 
 knights of industry, the chivalry of labor ; and it fully bore 
 out the thesis which leading scientists like Huxley and Tyn- 
 dall and Proctor are fond of maintaining, that there is as 
 much genuine poetry, if men would only see it, as many of 
 "these brave translunary things that the first poets had," in 
 the environments of the life of to-daj% as can be found in the 
 remotest antiquity. "We have sham tournaments in plenty, 
 and shabby burlesques they too often are. But on Saturday 
 we had a real tournament, a marine tournament ; and a more 
 enlivening and brilliant spectacle was never presented. The 
 place for the " lists " and the spectators who witnessed it were 
 both of them worthy of the " men-at-arms " who coursed, and 
 the Queen of Love and Beauty in whose honor they tilted. 
 That Queen, fair Baltimore, never shone more peerless than 
 she did on Saturday, in the soft, subdued October sunlight. 
 Viewed from the lower harbor and from the roadstead off 
 Fort ]\IcHenry, the city's gi-aceful proportions were most 
 exquisitely displayed. Not even Constantinople, rising above 
 the Golden Horn, ever shone forth more brilliantly, and 
 strangers confessed tliat our paragon of commerce and indus- 
 try deserved all the eulogiums which her sons delight to 
 lavish upon her. The water margin of the city in every 
 direction that tlie eye turned was fringed Avith a great con- 
 course of spectators, who covered every roof and crowded 
 upon every pier. Every vessel at her moorings, every eleva- 
 tion of whatever character, every roof, was filled ; Federal 
 Hill was populous as a market place, and an army of eager 
 and delighted gazers stood upon tlie parade ground at Fort 
 
196 ' MEMORIAL VOU'.ME. 
 
 jMcHoniy. Far down tlie river the concourse contiiiuetl, and 
 these spectators cheered till they were hoarse and waved 
 handkerchiefs until arms were weary. The great elevators 
 and tobacco warehouses resembled hotels in gala dress, and 
 bunting was displayed from countless masts and spars. The 
 beautiful and capacious harbor, from the head of the Basin 
 clear out as far as the eye could see into the bay, was dotted 
 with white sails of moving vessels, and busy with the evi- 
 dences of active and prosperous commerce ; and in and out 
 among these and among the steamboats, crowded with people 
 to the gunwales, the little tugs darted along, each one a mass 
 of dainty decorative devices, a panoply of flags, pennons, 
 streamers and banners, till they seemed like knights indeed, 
 "glittering in golden coats like images." It was simply won- 
 derful to note how gracefully, with what precision and accu- 
 racy they moved at the signal, amid the cheers of the crowd, 
 the booming of cannon, the waving of handkerchiefs, and the 
 screaming of steam-whistles, which — "sonorous metal-blow- 
 ing exciting sounds" — was not unappropriate to the occasion. 
 The ease, rapidity and grace of motion of the neat and tidy 
 tugboats was a surprise to many who could not imagine such 
 perfectness of drill, nor that celerity and activity could be 
 made so completely the attributes of so much strength and 
 accui-acy. Indeed the boats, both when they made the circuit 
 of the harbor and Basin two abreast and when they moved in 
 single file around Fort Carroll and the city's iceboats, were 
 handled as easily as the steeds of those equestrians of old 
 whose pride it was " to witch the world with noble horseman- 
 ship." The drill was masterly in its way, showing the capac- 
 ity to conduct a fleet and maneuver a squadron in those who 
 contrived and controlled it. As a spectacle nothing could be 
 finer, and it was singularly exhilarating to behold all this 
 flutter of nicely harmonized color, all this grace and celerity 
 of motion on the surface of the ciuivering green waters, with 
 the accompaniment of music and the crisp sea air just enli- 
 vened by a gentle breeze, the warm glow of sunshine, and the 
 nuirmurous applause of myriad voices. It was a regatta and 
 a pageant ; it was a triumph of art and skill and taste, and 
 it was at the same time a commercial revelation. This caval- 
 
MKMOUIAL VOLUME. 197 
 
 cade of vessels, moving back and fortli tlirougli the harbor 
 and down the river like " i>roud-nianed horses" dragging their 
 chariots, their snorting whistles " trumpeting defiance," was a 
 significant tribute to tlie commerce and transportation facil- 
 ities of Baltimore, a testimonial meaning as much in its way 
 as the long procession of the employes of the Baltimore and 
 Ohio and other of our railroads on Monday. These boats, so 
 gayly decorated, so festive in their motions and maneuvering, 
 are part and parcel of the city's claim to supremacy in termi- 
 nal facilities and all the resources and appliances of transpor- 
 tation. They meant as much as the great elevators and rail- 
 road piers on each side of the harbor, in front of whicli they 
 maneuvered ; as the huge ships across whose bows and under 
 whose sterns they plied their restless course. They were the 
 symbols of the wealth and solidity of Baltimore's present 
 commerce, and they did not tilt vainly in honor of their 
 queen. It was a fitting thing that the great week of spec- 
 tacles should be rounded up witli such a pageant. That week 
 began with a forcible and comprehensive illustration of the 
 city's industrial resources on land, and Saturday this same 
 exhibition was continued on the waves — it was, so to speak, 
 only Monday's procession that had "suffered a sea change 
 into something rich and strange." The reality of a commerce 
 capable of giving employment to such a coi*ps engaged simply 
 in the towing service will not be disputed by any of Balti- 
 more's rivals, and only in Baltimore could such a purely 
 industrial service design and execute such an artistic and 
 beautiful spectacle." 
 
CHAPTER EIGHTH. 
 
 Jligli t'ariiivsil. 
 
 THE Muiiicipal Exocutivo C'oiinnittcc wci'C rareful to iiu- 
 nounce tliat their official connection with the great les- 
 tival closed with the week, the event.s of which we have chron- 
 icled. Further demonstration they would m)t be responsible 
 for. They liad no more money to appropriate, nor would they 
 undertake to direct arrangements. Nevertheless, processions 
 were arranged for both Monday and Tuesday evenings, Octo- 
 ber ISth and 19th, with a general illumination on the latter 
 evening, in honor to the anniversary of the sui-render of Corn- 
 wallis at Yorktown. On the afternoon and evening of both 
 days the proprietors of the American and Siiii newspapers 
 gave open air concerts to the public from platforms erected in 
 front of their establishments. It had been amiounced and in- 
 deed was part of the original programme of the German socie- 
 ties, that there was to be a concert of sacred music in Druid 
 Hill Park on Sunday afternoon. This was to have been given 
 by the Musical Union of Baltimore, with an orchestra of eighty 
 performers, directed by Prof. J. II. Rosewald. The weather, 
 however, proved unfavorable, and a heavy rain coming up, the 
 performance was not had. The regrets on this account were 
 perhaps palliated to a great extent by the fact that in this 
 way there was nothing in the whole course of the festival to 
 give offence to the susceptibilities of those who are pained at 
 everything which, however innocent in itself, might yet wear 
 the appearance of an intrusion upon the sanctity of the 
 Sabbath. There had been fears of this, and Jlr. V^'ra. ^^'ood- 
 ward, Avhose venerable years and lifelong usefulness as a citi- 
 zen, no less than his official position in the Sabbath Associa- 
 tion of Baltimore, entitled him to be heard with respect, had 
 written to ]\Iayor Latrol)e before the festival, asking that it 
 should begin on the 12th and terminate the 1 1th, in order to 
 
MEMOKLVL VOLUME. 199 
 
 avoid imposing unusual activities upon people on Sunday. 
 The programme could not be changed, however, nor were Mr. 
 Woodward's fears realized to any material degree. In proof of 
 this it is only necessary to quote his own congratulatory 
 letter to the Mayor, under date of October 22d, 1880. He 
 wrote : " I received your very courteous reply a short time ago 
 in answer to mine on behalf of the Sabbath Association of 
 Maryland. We appreciated the difficult position you occu- 
 pied, and regret that our fears and forbodings were to some 
 extent realized, as some of our fellow-citizens did, in some in- 
 stances, engage in work on Sundays and others held their bus- 
 iness meetings both on the 10th and 17th. It is, however, a 
 source of great satisfaction to us, and also to a large body of 
 our Christian and sober-minded people, that the arrangements 
 of the Sesqui-Centennial celebration were conceived and 
 carried out so successfully that few are disposed to criticise 
 adversely, but all seem to approve. The extent of the cele- 
 bration, and its great magnitude, with so little disorder and 
 with so much good feeling, is a great cause of thankfulness ; 
 and, we trust, the moral and material benefits will redound to 
 the honor of our people and the good of our city. To you, sir, 
 and the gentlemen associated with yo)i, is due the high credit 
 for the successful beginning and ending of this grand under- 
 taking. Much credit is due to you personally, we think, for 
 your thoughtful suggestions to the clergy and all Christian 
 people, that the occasion was one that should call forth ex- 
 pressions of devout thanks and gratitude to God for what in 
 His providence has been done for our city; and also to the 
 committee for the decided stand they took against the use of 
 wines, liquors and cigars at the expense of the city or the con- 
 tributors. The moral effect has no doubt been of immense 
 benefit." 
 
 On ]\Ionday, therefore, the celebration was under a sort of 
 independent programme, but it was continued with all the 
 previous week's zest and fervor, by the same exhilarated 
 pef'ple, and with the same success. 
 
 Nearly all the decorations remained remarkably fresh, con- 
 sidering the drenching they received on Sunday; the streets 
 were thronged; a great many strangers came in by every train 
 
200 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 <iiid steamboat, and tJie freshness and gayety of the city 
 charmed all coiners, as well as delighted those who are habit- 
 uated to its ways and its public and private walks. The 
 night afforded a particularly brilliant chapter in the history 
 of the anniversary. In anticipation of a torchlight procession 
 the population streamed forth to occupy eligible sites for see- 
 ing along the route j)rescribed for marching. Various publico 
 and private buildings, monuments, business houses, arches, 
 etc., Avere more brilliantly illuminated than on any preceding 
 occasion. From Eutaw street to the bridge, a mile in dis- 
 tance, Baltimore street was kept as light as midday by elect- 
 ric globes and gas jets flaming in every fashion. The streets 
 tlironghout all this length were so packed with people that 
 progress was impossible, even on the Belgian blocks, without 
 ditficnlty. It is believed the street crowds everywhere were 
 greater than on any other night during the anniver.sary cele- 
 bration. 
 
 The torchlight procession formed on the streets adjacent to 
 the Fifth Regiment armoiy on IIoAvard street, and was a 
 novel and picturesque display. The flaming torches, calcium 
 liglits on wagons, gay trappings on horses, bands of music and 
 uniformed men in line, all gave a beauty and harmony to the 
 scene, and made the parade a novel and interesting one. The 
 route from the armory was to Linden avenue, to Townsend 
 street, to Madison avenue, to Eutaw street, to Baltimore street, 
 to Calvert street, to Lexington street, to Holliday street, to 
 Fayette street, to North street, to Baltimore street, to High 
 street, to Pratt street, to Gist street, to Baltimore street, to 
 South Broadway, to Baltimore street, to Calvert street, to Lex- 
 ington sti'Pf^t, where it was dismissed. The procession, led oS 
 by a detachment of police and two bands, was headed by the 
 Fifth Maryland Regiment, the staff being mounted. The men 
 wore fatigue uniform, black belts, and marched in a column 
 of fours, the officers with side arms. The regiment formed in 
 the armory and filed fi'om it, each member carrying a flaming 
 torch, presenting a wild and striking appearance as they 
 emerged from the building. The houses in the neighborhood 
 were illuminated, and an immense crowd had gathered to 
 witness the march. The regiment, though not in military 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 201 
 
 display, stepped with precision and excited tlie most favora- 
 ble comment tlirongliout the line. The men were in high 
 spirits, as was evinced by the freqnent use of a number of 
 rattles, trumpets and whistles carried by members of the dif- 
 ferent companies. 
 
 A striking featiu-e in the procession was an imitation Dahl- 
 gren gun, eighteen feet long, bringing up the rear of the 
 regiment's line. It was made of a hogshead, a tierce, a barrel 
 and a long sheet-iron di'um, inserted one into the other, and 
 covered with black canvas. The resemblance to a regulation 
 gun was such as to deceive a casual observer. It was mounted 
 on a platform twenty-four by ten feet, painted black, drawn 
 by three horses driven tandem. The horses were blanketed 
 in orange and black and heavily plumed, the middle one 
 having a large American flag thrown over him. This piece 
 of heavy ordnance was in charge of liieut. James S. Gorman 
 and a detail of eleven men drawn from the regiment. From 
 time to time along the route the gun was fired with cannon 
 crackers ten and one-half inches long, two and one-half inches 
 diameter, and excited great applause. The rammer was a pie 
 plate on a broomstick, and the swab a military blanket simi- 
 larly mounted. The gun was depressed or elevated as re- 
 quired, and moved around on a circular base as if regularly 
 mounted. A basin on each end of the platform burnt, at the 
 City Hall and at other points, chemical powders of different 
 colors with fine effect. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Republic turned out strong and 
 made a creditable display of numbers — Wilson Post, fom- 
 hundred men; Dushane Post, one hundred men; Denison 
 Post of "Woodberry, fifty men; and a detail of Cadets and 
 Harry Howard Post, made, with the band and drum corps, 
 about six hundred torches in the line. The Grand Army 
 people all wore fatigue uniform, caps and badges, and each 
 carried a flaming torch. No officer above post commander 
 was allowed out in an official capacity, consequently all above 
 that rank marched in the ranks Avith the distinction of "high 
 private." Col. Eobert G. King commanded the Grand Army. 
 The division moved from the rendezvous at the corner of Hol- 
 liday and Second streets at 7:30 P. ^I., and marclied by way of 
 
202 MEMORIAIi VOLUJIE. 
 
 South, AVator, Calvert, Pratt and Howard streets to the Fifth 
 lie^iineut Armory, where they were joined by Denisoii Tost. 
 All aloii^^ the line of march to the armory the sidewalks and 
 part of the carriage-way were crowded with people. The 
 (irand Army marched by fours, and their burning torches, in 
 one long line, over a block long, stretched out like a train 
 of lire. 
 
 About thirty members of the Association of United Firemen 
 were in line, carrying torches. The employes of Meyer tt 
 Co.'s packing house, with torches, the Jai)auese junk of Martin 
 (iillct & Co., burning oriental fireworks, and a mounted dele- 
 gation from the Corn and Flour Exchange, bearing Chinese 
 lanterns, added to the effect of the procession. It was re- 
 viewed at the City Hall by the Mayor, assisted by Mr. J. H. 
 B. Latrobe, Gen. Gibbons, U. S. A., Mr. F. P. Stevens, and 
 others. 
 
 The illuminations on this ^londay evening and on Tuesday 
 evening also, were very brilliant. On both evenings the public 
 squares were hung with thousands of Chinese lanterns, and 
 when these were all lighted the effect was charming. Nearly 
 every house in the city was more or less illuminated, and Bal- 
 timore street, with its millions of gas jets and Chinese lan- 
 terns, and its electric and calcium lights, was bright as day. 
 Chemical lights were burned at divers points. The dome of 
 the City Hall was a swelling hemisphere of stars, and the 
 bands of light about the IJattle Monument offered a hapi)y 
 conceit that was charmingly effective. There was a weird 
 grandeur in the illumination of the "Washington MonunuMit, 
 wliLch drew lingering throngs — the red flickering flames at 
 the base threw the statue above and part of the shaft into 
 very impressive shadow. The arch at Howard street, with 
 its electric light ; the Shoe and Leather arch, with its beauti- 
 ful gas jets; the splendid illuminations of the wholesale 
 houses ; the dozen of electric lights along Newspaper Pow, and 
 the genei-al lighting all along down town eastward, displayed 
 the profuse decorations and adornments of the street, and 
 shone down upon thousands upon thousands of spectators. 
 There could not have been fewer than forty thousand i)ersons 
 along this line from Townsend to Pratt streets, and in the 
 
MEJIOKIAL VOLUME. 203 
 
 four squares radiating from South and Baltimore streets were 
 packed Avith not less than eight to ten tliousand men, women 
 and children. The cars and omnibuses were running all the 
 while as best they could,* all crowded with sight-seers too 
 timid to trust themselves on foot, but the progress made by 
 them was slow and dangerous oftentimes. Way for them was 
 with difficulty cleared by the police, and when two cars met 
 in the street the rush and jam of people was something ter- 
 rific. But just as soon as the cars succeeded in resuming 
 their course, the space behind them would be filled up in a 
 second, and a similar scene soon enacted again. And in this 
 throng were numbers of old women and little children. Eight 
 at the corner of Baltimore and South streets, in the centre of 
 the crowd, stood a man with his wife clinging to him, and in 
 his arms was a sleeping infant; opposite, in a doorway, were 
 seated a woman with three little children huddled about her 
 knees, all fast asleep, and this while the excitement was at its 
 height. Ladies in parties of two or three were in the thick of 
 the turmoil without escorts. In general, all was well-ordered 
 and good-humored. There was pushing and crowding, and a 
 great deal of it, and not all of it gentle; but the roughness 
 was most all of it "horse-play," and not viciousncss. 
 
 Not the least attractive feature of the festival week Avas 
 the abundance of music of all sorts. Probably the circum- 
 stance that tlie " Musical Union of Baltimore " demanded ex- 
 orbitantly high prices for the bands under their control, was 
 very fortunate in its results, as it compelled the committees 
 in that connection to look for music elsewhere, and finally 
 resulted in the securing of a great amount of musical talent 
 and the discovery of a large number of bands throughout the 
 State the existence of which would probably have otherwise 
 not been suspected out of their own immediate localties. 
 These bands furnished all the extra music needed for the 
 different parades. The wealth of the State in orchestral 
 resources was thus demonstrated in an unexpected volume, 
 and it was shown that musical festivals could easily be got 
 up with the proviso of sufficient time for preparation and 
 adequate funds in hand in advance. The large (ierman ele- 
 
 *Oii Moudii}' night ; on Tuesday uight tlic cars were withdrawn from tlic streets. 
 
204 JIEMORIAL VOLU^IK. 
 
 ment in the population of Baltimore tlius once more verified 
 the adage that "coelunt, non animum mutant qui trans mare 
 cur runt." 
 
 One of the first notices we have of public music in Balti- 
 more is in 1782, Avhen the French army of Kochambeau. 
 returning after the surrender of Yorktown, and the detach.- 
 ment of the Due de Lauzun, which was stationed in Baltimore 
 until after the end of the war, celebrated a grand high mass 
 in commemoration of the crowning event of the war. On 
 that occasion the French regimental bands took part in the 
 solemn music, the officers and soldiers being in full uniforui, 
 and the little St. Peter's church, corner of Sai"atoga and 
 Charles streets, was filled to suffocation. 
 
 In 177G, Barney celebrated the raising of the first Auierican 
 flag in Baltimore by a sort of musical festival. Col. Scharf, 
 in his interesting "Chronicles," says that this flag was the 
 earliest Star-Spa ngled banner that had been seen in the State 
 of Maryland. "Next morning, at sunrise, Barney had the envi- 
 able honor of unfurling it to the music of drum and fife and 
 the heart-stirring sounds of martial instruments, then a novel 
 incident in the history of Baltimore." 
 
 Goddard, the editor of the Maryland Journal, founded in 
 1773 as the first newspaper in Baltimore, came near being 
 mobb<>d, in consequence of his Tory affiliations, in July, 177f). 
 In his letter, dated from Annapolis, and giving an accoimt of 
 these disorderly proceedings, during which he was almost 
 "tarred and feathered and rid in a cart," he notes the fact 
 that " By these means your meuiorialist happily extricated 
 himself fi-om their power, Avhile he observed, with anguish 
 of soul, two of his less fortunate neighbors, whose sensibility 
 of heart got the better of their prudence, di-agged {amid the 
 din of insulting viitsic) in carts through the streets, Avith 
 lialters about their necks," &c. 
 
 In those times and until a much later period, the dancing 
 assembly wa.s vei"y fashionable. It was exclusive in charac- 
 ter, "high toned," and required a band of reed and string in- 
 struments. Invitations were written or printed on the backs 
 of playing cards, there was good singing and piano playing, 
 and tlie best fiddlers in the community were put in active 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 205 
 
 service, from early eveniii.i>: to next morning'.s daylight. 
 These assemblies were held both at the leading hotels and 
 the chief coffee houses, and the Clhronicles speak of "the 
 singing- of praise and the growl of the bass-viol intermingling 
 in curious discord." Our ancestors probably knew more about 
 music than they receive credit for. The festival of the Mes- 
 chianza, got up in Philadelphia during the Kevolutionary war, 
 must have been one of the finest musical fetes upon the water 
 of any period or anywhere. 
 
 In 1789, Jlay 19th, the wife of General Washington passed 
 through the city on her way to Xew York, where the seat of 
 government then was. The citizens met her at Hammond's 
 Ferry with many demonstrations of regard and enthusiasm, 
 with fireworks and music. She was serenaded " by an excel- 
 lent band of music, of an amateur character, conducted by 
 gentlemen of the town." At the Masonic celebration, May 
 16th, 1815, when all the population turned out, we read of the 
 ceremonies of the day being prefaced by national airs " from 
 a \^lunteer band of amateurs, under the leadership of Mr. 
 Bunzie." The history of the song of the Star Spangled Banner 
 is that of a national anthem composed under circumstances 
 more directly those of the ardor of battle than that of any 
 other song ever adopted by a nation as its own. It was com- 
 posed by a prisoner of war, under fire and under the inspira- 
 tion of the immediate peril of assault; it was written with a 
 pencil stump on the back of an old letter, and it was printed 
 and sung in public while the people were still shaking hands 
 with one another in enthusiastic congratulations over tlie 
 liappy sequel of the fight. It was at once recited on the stage 
 and has ever since been ardently applauded in the hearts of 
 the people. 
 
 The dedication of the Old Masonic Hall, in May, 1815, of the 
 Cathedral, of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and of Green- 
 mount Cemetery, were all notable events in the early musical 
 history of Baltimore. The whistling of "Poor Ole Moses," 
 the lemon ice-cream vendor, was a municipal treasure ; the 
 visit of Jenny I^ind a triumph of music and of manage- 
 ment. The history of our leading musical associations, begin- 
 ning with the Germania under Lenschow, at once anticipates 
 
206 MEMORIAL VOLL'JIE. 
 
 and surpasses tlie stoiy of oi^anized vocal and instrumental 
 excellence elsewhere all over tlie continent. These orchestral 
 and vocal associations culminate in the Peabody Conserva- 
 tory and the Oratorio Society, wliich are expected to train to 
 concerted triumphs our great stores of individual skill and 
 knowledge. The Haydn Musical Association, to illustrate by 
 one the history of many of such societies, one of the earliest 
 and ablest and most influential in Baltimore, has been in 
 existence for over eighteen years. It started with a nucleus 
 of but fom- members, rising to an efficient membership of 
 more than sixty. It is composed almost exclusively of ama- 
 teurs, with just enough of professionals to give it tone and 
 balance, and embraces performers on all classes of musical 
 instruments. Tliis association, composed of some of our very 
 best citizens — business men— who only play for the love of 
 music, has been giving a series of concerts as each winter 
 season rolls aroimd, during the time above mentioned, and the 
 largest halls that covUd possibly be secured in the city never 
 failed to be crowded. The members have secured as assistants 
 in that time the very best vocal and instrumental talent the 
 country afforded ; all to cater to and foster the love of music 
 among our people. "When such talent as that of Brignoli, 
 Castle, Hermans, Kellogg, Thm-sby, Van Zandt, Levi, I.iberati, 
 and a host of other shining musical lights that could be 
 named is mentioned, the benefit of the association is readily 
 seen. It may be justly said that the Kaydn, being the oldest 
 musical association in practical existence in this city, and 
 born when the musical taste was at a very low ebb, has done 
 as much for the improvement and musical culture of our 
 people as any other known agency — the Peabody Conserva- 
 tory not excepted, for that is of but very modern birth. 
 The late displays of music in this city, the Peabody con- 
 certs, the Lehman's Hall Festival and the very satisfactory 
 rendition of The Messiah by the Oratorio Society, afford evi- 
 dence of a demonstrable sort that classical music, by scientifi- 
 cally educated performers, is naturalized here, and \\\\\ not 
 be expelled save upon very hard compulsion. 
 
 An amusing and interesting controversy, a sort of "iiiusic;il 
 duel," sprang up on Monday and Tuesday, llie last days of llie 
 
MEMOrJAL VOLUME. 207 
 
 Sesqui-Centenuial, and certainly those in wliicli tlie general 
 abandon of tlie wliole community was most complete. Musi- 
 cal duels are not always funny affairs, since it is often tlie 
 case that the incident of an hour to the ordinary business 
 man is the whole romance of a musician's life. The persecu- 
 tions and mortifications of Beetlioven are tragedy as deep- 
 dyed as Othello's. The quarrels of Handel with I'orpora, 
 Scarlatti, Hasse, Corelli, Cuzzoni, Senesino, Farinelli and Faus- 
 tina, belong to the wars of the giants. But harmony comes 
 itself out of discord in music — 
 
 " By one pervading spirit 
 
 Of tones and numbers all tilings are controlled, 
 As sages tauglit where faith was found to merit 
 Initiation in that mystery old — " 
 
 and the musical contention of the newspaper offices of the 
 Sun and the American, while it gave no end of amusement 
 to the critics, certainly afforded substantial funds of enjoy- 
 ment to thousands upon thousands of the people. Let those 
 laugh who win. In this case both parties won, since both of 
 the high contestants contributed substantially to the material 
 of popular enjoyment. A great writer has said that "all is in 
 each and each in all, so that the most barbarous stammering 
 of the Hottentot indicates the secret of man, as clearly as the 
 rudest zoophyte the perfection of organized being, or the first 
 stop on the reed the harmonies of Heaven. But music, by 
 the ready medium, the stimulus and the upbearing elasticity 
 it offers for the inspirations of thought, alone seems to present 
 a living form rather than a dead monuinent to the desires of 
 Genius." 
 
 Each of the newspaper offices mentioned employed a distin- 
 guished band ; .each erected platforms for the accommodation 
 of these bands and invited guests; each gave two afternoon 
 and two evening orchestral concerts, which were attended by 
 delighted nuiltitudes. The programmes of the two bands left 
 nothing to be desired in the way of lioth popular and classical 
 music ; the performances of both were applauded to the echo. 
 Much criticism Avas elicited at the time, Avhich long since 
 evaporated and with which anyhow the present chronicler 
 has nothijig to do. His knowledge of the science of lianiMjiiy 
 
208 JIEMOPJAL VOLUME. 
 
 may cover as mucli as is necessary to salvation. It ■would be 
 egregious vanity, as well as ridiculous i^resumption, for liim 
 to pretend to any more. 
 
 Tlie great festival was -wound up on Tuesday niglit Avitli a 
 general carnival. Officially no more was indicated for tMs 
 period in the programme tLan tlie simple statement that 
 there would be "a general grand illumination of the city in 
 commemoration of the anniversaiy of the capture of York- 
 town, (October 19th,) including the jiublic buildings, together 
 with a final parade of the allegorical and other tableaux." 
 Actually, there was a grand high carnival. The people felt a 
 certain lassitude and recklessness from having been so long 
 divorced from their regular occupations. They knew that 
 next day they must go to work again and cease from the 
 feast of beauty and the frolic of self-glorification. Indeed, it 
 had been necessary for the newspapers to tell them, in some- 
 what accentuated phrase, that they must got to work again to 
 prevent their families from sufi'ering. Accordingly, knowing 
 that on ^\'ednesday the community had determined, in naval 
 parlance, to "shij) its quarter-deck face," they seem resolved 
 "to make a night of it" on Tuesday, and, beyond a doubt, 
 succeeded. 
 
 The scenes at night were such as are seldom witnessed, 
 even in the largest cities. Baltimore street, through its 
 entire length, was one blaze of light. On telegraph poles and 
 awnings adventurous individuals poised and peered; side- 
 walks and pavements were blocked with men, women and 
 children ; the balconies of business houses were crowded; the 
 stands in front of newspaper offices bloomed like conserva- 
 tories with ladies in radiant costumes, and high above all, the 
 dome of the City Hall flashed like a beacon light with innu- 
 merable gas jets. The crowd was a good-humored one from 
 first to last. It shouted and yelled, it cheered and roared, but 
 never overstepped the bounds of moderation, and when it left 
 for home Avas evidently as full of spirit as when i( first 
 entered into the fi-ay. 
 
 What was to have been a gi-and citizens' pageant turned out 
 to be a moth'v pnrado of all kinds of wagons, men on hoi-se- 
 back, Ac, followed by a good-humored crowd, who seenu'd as 
 
MEMOIU.VL VOLUME. 209 
 
 mercurial as if they were celebrating the Italian carnival. 
 Some of those riding were dressed in fantastic costumes, and 
 many in the wagons blew horns and otherwise exploded their 
 entliusiasin. The streets through which it was advertised 
 that the procession was to pass were literally packed with 
 vehicles and with people massed along the sidewalks and in 
 the streets. The wagons and carriages were thronged with 
 persons who took that means of seeing the illuminations, but 
 they did not seem to care about any organized procession. 
 Mr. F. P. Stevens, the Grand Marshal, contrary to his own 
 judgment, took control of this fantastic parade, in order, if 
 possible, to confine it within rational proportions. He did 
 not succeed in this finally, but by his presence was enabled 
 to prevent much confusion and extravagance. The pageant 
 was to have formed on Korth Paca street, and the streets 
 crossing it east and west, but as only a few of those Avho were 
 expected to take pai't in the procession had arrived at the 
 hour of starting, the Grand Marshal moved what fragments 
 there were out into Baltimore street, the right extending to 
 Eutaw, and there waited a while for the historical feature to 
 come along. Finally " the citizens' pageant " started off, and 
 passing down Baltimore street wheeled into Korth street, to 
 Lexington street, to Holliday street, and passed in review 
 before the Mayor, Avho stood upon the grand stand at the 
 City Hall. 
 
 At Franklin and Paca and Eutaw streets, where it had 
 been intended that a part of the procession should form, no 
 regular organization could be effected. Hundreds of wagons, 
 barouches, omnibuses, park phaetons and vehicles of all de- 
 scriptions moved up and down the streets, seeking places in 
 the procession, without regard to order. A part of them were 
 placed in line on the west side of Eutaw street, towards Mul- 
 berry street. The majority, however, fell in with the proces- 
 sion or fell out, as they were best able to do. 
 
 The most conspicuous and brilliant feature of the proces- 
 sion was the historical display, I'epi-esenting the birtli and 
 growth of Baltimore. The tableaux were the same as those 
 used in the parade of IMonday, October 11th, but they looked 
 so much better at night than in day time that they appeared 
 
210 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 to be (liffei-ent in many respects. Tlie division formed in the 
 vicinity of the Fifth Regiment Armory, and headed by mar- 
 slial Joseph Raiber and aids, marched down Garden street to 
 Madison street, to Eutaw street and tlience to Baltimore street, 
 ■where they connected witli the rest of the procession. Fol- 
 lowing inarshal Raiber were English lords and ]\raryland gen- 
 tlemen of the Eighteenth centnry, costnmed in di-esses of that 
 period, after whom came the tableaux. The Indian wigwam, 
 sliowing tlie condition of the present city of Baltimore when 
 in possession of the red men, was the first chapter in the 
 illustrated history. Reclining near the tent were an Indian 
 chief, his scjuaw and pap(K)se. The cliief was represented by 
 F. II. Schroeter, the squaw by John Elilend, and papoose by 
 Chas. Zimmerman. Then came the tableau of Capt. John 
 Smith, George G. Deibel and his thirteen adventnrers, pad- 
 dling their canoe np the I'atapsco, leading the way of civliza- 
 tiou— tlie first white men seen by the Indians in this part 
 of ]\hiry]and. The next chapter in the historj^ was an illu.s- 
 tration of the fir.st log cabin, snrrounded by trappers and 
 pioneers, A company of continental troops, nnder command 
 of Sergeant-Major Vaughn, of the Fifth Regiment, was fol- 
 lowed by the tableau of the soldiers camping at Valley Forge. 
 There were four continental soldiers, ^lessrs. Fuller, Penning- 
 ton, Kestlcr and O'Brien, members of the Fifth Regiment, 
 in continental nniform, about the camp-fire, wliile in front 
 of them were the Yankee Doodle trio, two drummers and 
 a fifer, grandfather, father and son. The drnmmers were 
 Conrad Van Daniker and John V. Clark, and the fifer, whose 
 face showed a wound just received in battle, was represented 
 by A. M. Bntts. This liad hardly passed when the modern 
 soldiers, twenty members of the Fifth Maryland Regiment, 
 in charge of Lient. James S. Gorman, marched by with the 
 precision of veterans. The tableau of Religious Liberty, 
 Avhich the sons of i\raryland were first to declare, rolled by 
 in stately grandenr, but when the procession reached Eutaw 
 and Baltimore streets the wagon on which the tableau was 
 built broke down and was removed from the line. The old 
 Baltimore court-house (miniature) was followed by grave and 
 dignified pei-sonages representing judges of that day, clothed 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 211 
 
 in -n-igs and Ions: flowing black gowns. Neptnne, jSIr. "\Vm. 
 Holtman, accompanied by a mermaid, Miss Jolianna Gerken, 
 rode in his gorgeous car with spouting dolpliins and otlier 
 dwellers of the watery main, as they did on the first day's 
 parade. They had a body-guard of sailors. Tlie miniature 
 Battle Monument was surrounded not only by soldiers of 1814, 
 but by members of the Liederkranz, wlio had intended to ride 
 on horseback and sing along the route. Their liorses, how- 
 ever, became afflicted with the epizootic, and the programme 
 was somewhat clianged. The Liederkranz representatives, 
 twelve in number, were dressed, six in the style of masters 
 of music of tlie time of Walter von der Vogelweide and six of 
 the time of Hans Sachs, the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, 
 respectively. Columbia was imiiersonated by IMiss Helen 
 "Winkel. The tableau of Baltimore, whicli broke down during 
 the first day's procession, was in line on this occasion, and was 
 one of the most striking tableaux represented. On a high 
 elevation was INIiss Tillie Zinkand, portraying Baltimore's fair 
 daugliter; in front was a statue of Americus, and on the side 
 a farmer and fisherman. The Goddess of Liberty, Miss Emma 
 Seng, and IMisses Amelia Klepper, Katie Schuppel, Johanna 
 Luckmann, Ella Rhine and Rachel "Wise, acting as a body- 
 guard for the goddess, brouglit up the rear. On the sides of 
 this car were charactei-s representing selections from all the 
 nationalities in the universe seeking a refuge in the land of 
 the free. All along the route fireworks were sent off, adding 
 brilliancy and weirdness to the picturesque scene. As the 
 rockets shot through the air cheer after cheer came from tlie 
 crowds and could be heard squares away. 
 
 The procession in rear of tlie tableaux was composed of an 
 odd commingling of wagons of all sizes and kinds. These 
 vehicles had from one to six liorses each; were in most cases 
 gayly decked, and all contained complete assortments of 
 people bent on having a good time. There was no systematic 
 arrangement ; express wagons, omnibuses, transfer wagons, 
 buggies, barouches, doctors' gigs, furniture wagons, grocers' 
 teams, family carriages, hacks and impromptu outfits of all 
 kind fell into line, without a thought as to who or what pre- 
 ceded or followed. Fine silks, satins and fashionable wrap- 
 
212 MEMOIU-U. YULLME. 
 
 pings and hearltrear and numberless pretty and animated 
 faces were seen in commonplace veliicles. It was a genuine 
 "go-as-you-please" procession. Tlie more juvenile of the 
 persons packed in these different and A-arious equipages blew 
 horns, rang bells, i-attled sheet-iron, and added to the hubbub 
 with their lungs as long as they were able. All were in high 
 .spirits, and, with the bright lanterns, gay colors and trap- 
 pings, presented a rare and unequaled .sicriit, not .«oon to be 
 forgotten. The ladies in this i)art of the jirocession were not 
 less in the humor of the occasion than the gentlemen, and 
 were naturally more demonstrative. 
 
 The doctore' carriages and express wagons, which were 
 announced to move from Paca and Mulberry streets, did not 
 make their appearance. The truth of the matter is that 
 every kind of veliicle which could be brought out was utilized 
 by the owners for the purpose of di'iving over the city to see 
 the illuminations. Express wagons well covered with decora- 
 tions carried large parties of ladies and gentlemen. Owing to 
 the dense crowds progress was very slow, and it is astonishing 
 that there were not a number of accidents. Every one was in 
 a good humor, however, and no one got angry, even if the 
 people in one wagon were thrown into confusion by another 
 wagon behind running into it. The exjiress wagons and 
 doctors' carriages fell into line wherever they could. One 
 noticeable thing was the utter disregard of life and limb 
 on the part of man, woman and child. Finding it impossible 
 to move along tlii'ough the dense crowds, they would run 
 between vehicles in order to make progress, and it required 
 the utmost vigilance on the part of drivers to keep from 
 tramiiling i)eople under the hoi"ses' hoofs. The police were 
 ])owerless to preserve anything like system, thougli they 
 woi-ked hard and did the best they could under the circum- 
 stances. A long string of wagons and carriages on Eutaw 
 street, trying to fall into the line on Baltimore street, oidy 
 moved the distance of one block in about one hour. 
 
 All this was accompanied with a very general and a very 
 effective illumination. Baltimore street, from Eutaw street 
 eastward to tlie Jones' Falls bridge and beyond, was a .sea of 
 dazzling light, wliich set off the gorgeous colorings of the 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 213 
 
 decorations everywlierc, and gave tlie tliorouglifare a strik- 
 ingly brilliant appearance. As early as six o'clock tlie illu- 
 minating had commenced, and a half hour later the thorough- 
 fare was already filled with people hurrying toward the 
 centre of the city. Every street and avenue poured streams 
 of human beings into Baltimore street, and in a short while it 
 was blocked with pedestrians and vehicles. Every sort and 
 condition of carriage and wagon was out with sight-seers. 
 As a natiu-al consequence, the result of such a crush, the like 
 of which certainly had never before been seen in this city, 
 was almost a blockade. The driver of the vehicle that got 
 thi-ough at all was lucky after the struggle of an horn- or tAVO. 
 Very many gave up the effort, and got out of the way by tlie 
 side streets. The pedestrians had a tedious time in making 
 the tour of Baltimore street, and the crowds overflowed far 
 beyond the sidewalks, and were mixed up indiscriminately 
 with horses, street cars, carriages, express wagons, &c. A 
 frightened horse occasionally would create a scramble, and 
 at cross streets, where people and vehicles were trying to 
 turn in and out as inclination led them, the commotion was 
 sometimes dangerous. A number of ladies fainted and were 
 carried into stores and dwellings, but happily no serious 
 casualties occurred. The street was alive with people imtil 
 midnight. 
 
 The business places on Baltimore street that were conspicu- 
 ous for features in the illumination were numerous. Among 
 them were the Eutaw House, which made a brilliant display, 
 with gas jets and an electric light. The building of the 
 Patent Gas :\Iachine Company, at Xo. 349 West Baltimore 
 street, liad a unique illumination. Daj^, Jones A Co., Xo. ;3;3(), 
 and Phillips Bros, and Faust & Hohman, Xo. 333, had the 
 fronts of their warehouses lighted with gas jets. Daniel 
 Miller & Co., Xo. 329, illuminated the decorations upon their 
 building with an electric light, and an electric light illumi- 
 nated the arch of the dry goods trade, corner of Howard and 
 Baltimore streets. Stevenson & Slingluff, Xo. 324, were lighted 
 with gas jets and a calcium, and Frank & Adler, X'o. 314, made 
 a neat display. The Avarehouse of Wm. Devries * Co., Xo. 312, 
 was aglow with light. Prior & Hilgenberg, Xo. 313, Avere 
 
214 JIE.MOIMAL VUI.I'ME. 
 
 litrlited by a calciuiu. Jolm A. IIorutT it Co., No. oOS, and 
 Win. K. AVood it Co., No. :i'J(j, liad their wareliou.ses bedecked 
 witli fjas jets. The beautiful arch of the Shoe and Leather 
 Board of Trade was a centre of attraction. K. Lawson it Co., 
 No. 277, showed gas jets in neat desi.trns. llutzler ]>ros., Xo. 
 27:J, Cushing it Bailey, No. 2(!2, Tucker, Smith it Co., No. 200, 
 Tucker it Co., No. 240, and Ilennigen it liates. No. 2-'J5, illumi- 
 nated the fronts of their houses with hand.some and attractive 
 designs in gas jets, in-ominently showing the names of the 
 firms, trade mottoes, itc. Strouse it Bros., No. 244, had their 
 house covered with lanterns. The hand.some iron-front Avare- 
 houses of Armstrong, Cator & Co., Nos. 2"]7 and 230, and the 
 Spiller building, adjoining, (Hui-st, Purnell it Co.,) were ablaze 
 with light. Adams's shirt house, No. 234, and 11. G. Dun it Co., 
 Baltimore and Charles streets, had attractive illuminations. 
 The handsome new building of Towner, Landstreet it Co., 
 northeast corner Charles and Baltimore streets, was shown off 
 by an electric light. H. R. ISIcNally it Co., No. 222, J. Iklward 
 Bird it Co., No. 2l;5, Likes, Berwanger & Co., Nos. 216 and 218, 
 Martinez & Co., No. 214, Sadtler, No. 212, Lad their business 
 fronts illuminated in unique designs of gas jets. The Adams 
 Express building and the marble-front stores of Hamilton 
 Easter & Co. were as brilliant in their illuminations as on 
 previous evenings of the festival. Justis it Armiger, No. 19-"), 
 and Ilartman & Sons, No. I!i7, made a bright display, tlie 
 latter showing a representation of the Battle Monument. 
 McKim it Co. and the Bank of Baltimore shoAved illuminated 
 signs, the bank giving the date of its inauguration — 1795. 
 The New York Clothing House, No. 184, AVm. H. Bead's, Bal- 
 timore and Light streets, Charles E. Kej'worth, A. Sigmund, 
 Guggenheimer it Weil, Edward Jenkins & Son, made hand- 
 some displays, and the Carrollton Hotel was brought out 
 prominently by the electric light. Rogers, Beet & Co., No. 
 178, and (ieary it Weale, No. 100, were illuminated by gas jets. 
 The statue of Washington on the front of Noah ■\\'alker it 
 Co.'s building, with its elegant decorations, was lighted by a 
 calcium from across the street. Samuel Kirk it Son, No. 172, 
 and B. H. Hillman & Co., No. 1G6, were finely illuminated. 
 The Gazette newspaper establishment, No. 142, and the demo- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 215 
 
 cratic lieadquarters, next cloor, had names and other designs 
 prominently shown in gas jets. The headquarters had an 
 illumiivated rooster as an apex. The livening News office 
 was ilhiminated by gas jets and ehjctric lights. The Ger- 
 man Correspondent newspaper building was brilliantly illu- 
 minated. Cassidy's, No. 123, and E. Maull, No. 138, illumi- 
 nated with gas jets. The attractive decorations on the fronts 
 of the stores of George H. C. Neal were brought out con- 
 spicuously by a brilliant illumination from gas jets. The 
 German Bank was lighted with gas jets on Baltimore and 
 Holliday streets, and the '• Pioneer Club " made a conspicuous 
 illumination. S. Fleishman, No. 72, made a fine display ; also 
 W. McGuire, No. 74, and R. Lyon. The Gunther building, on 
 South Gay street, near Baltimore, the beautiful and elaborate 
 decorations on which had attracted general attention, was 
 lighted by a calcium. Habliston's pharmacy. Gay and Balti- 
 more streets, and the stores in that vicinity, almost without 
 exception, had neat interior and outside illuminations. Rosen- 
 feld Bros., Baltimore street and Centre Market space, had 
 their extensive building lighted with gas and hung with a 
 myriad of lanterns. The Maryland Institiite was tastefully 
 illuminated with gas jets, set off with appropriate designs. 
 The ]\Ionumental Theatre Avas illuminated all over with gas 
 lights in different colors. E. Eareckson, L. Newman, "W. Bnm- 
 garner, Dr. F. Mathieu and many others had handsome illu- 
 minations on East Baltimore street. The handsome arch at 
 Broadway and Baltimore street was brilliant in light and 
 colors. Through the length of Baltimore street, west of 
 Eutaw street, and east as far as the business places extend, 
 stores were nearly all illuminated, outside or inside, or both. 
 Where gas jets were not used, lanterns were hung out ; some 
 sections looked as if the city was celebrating a " feast of lan- 
 terns." The dwelling houses had their chandeliers all alight 
 and the houses thrown open to the view of passers-by. 
 
 The Washington IMonument was brilliantly illuminated. 
 The parapet at the top of the column was surrounded with 
 gas jets and rows of jets around the pedestal at its base. Bra- 
 ziers flaming with illuminating fluids were placed on the 
 north and south sides, and strings of streaming flags, hung by 
 
216 MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 conlH, extoiulcd from tlio top of the column to the eaven of 
 Mount Vernon Church, the Feal)0(ly Institute and the private 
 hounes on tlie ojjpo.site corners of Charles street. 
 
 Loyola College had a beautiful arcli of jjas jets, -with 
 various designs under it, which attracted much attention. 
 The Merchants' Shot Tower, on Nortli Front street, was, from 
 its great altitude, one of the most striking objects in the city. 
 A large star of gas jets shone high over its top, and around 
 tlie indented parapet of the tower were rows of lights. The 
 cloc'k tower over No. 6 Engine House had its summit hung 
 witli colored lanterns, and rows arranged at the different 
 stories, presenting a very beautiful siglit. 
 
 In Northeast Baltimore the ilhimination was not general, 
 though many of the houses were profusely hung with Chinese 
 lanterns on Broadway, Gay, Madison, Eden and Aisquith 
 streets. Around the vicinity of IMadison and Gay streets, 
 which was to have been tlie terminus of the route of tlie pro- 
 cession, there were some very fine illuminations of gas jets 
 by various persons. Madison Square and Broadway Squares 
 were hung with lighted Chinese lanterns, and fireworks were 
 sent up from Patterson Pai'k, where large numbers of peojjle 
 had assembled. Fireworks wore set off and colored lights 
 bm-ned along Broadway Squares. The Church Home liad the 
 tower lighted up and large colored lanterns hung around tlie 
 front porch. On South Broadway many of tlie private houses 
 had colored lanterns liung out. Handsome gas illuminaticnis 
 were in front of many stores below Eastern avenue, 'i'lie 
 windows of Broadway Institute were illuminated. 
 
 Along the route of the procession in Northwest Baltimore 
 the illumination was general. ^lany of the stores and resi- 
 dences had tiers of Chinese lanterns out, and numbers Avere 
 susjiended froni the cornices. Awnings were lined with them 
 in front and on sides. The arch of No. 7 Engine Plouse, cor- 
 ner Druid Hill avenue and Eutaw street, was brightly illumi- 
 nated, and as the procession passed under it a vai-iety of 
 beautiful chejnical powders were burned. Lehmann's Hall 
 and the Natatorium, on North Howard street, were made 
 bright with lights inside and out, as were a large number of 
 residences along that street. The Baltimore Female College, 
 
ME.MORIAL V0LU3IE. 217 
 
 on a high hill at the comer of Park avenue and Wilson street, 
 made a striking pictiu-e. The windows were all illuminated 
 from within, and numerous Chinese lanterns of different pat- 
 terns without, made the trees in the yard stand out in bold re- 
 lief. Along Pennsylvania avenue the bright lights displayed 
 from numerous buildings gave the street a gay look. The 
 most striking display on this street was the Northwestern 
 Station House. Its whole front was aglow with rich-colored 
 lanterns. From the long flagstaff hanging out over the street 
 rows of lanterns hung, and under the hood was a most beauti- 
 ful and novel arrangement of lanterns in concentric circles. 
 On Sharj) street an electric light, suspended aljove the cen- 
 tre of the street, between two stores, brilliantly illuminated 
 the magnificent warehouses on both sides of the street, show- 
 ing the bright colors of the decorations which line and cross 
 this thoroughfare north and south of the arch at its intersec- 
 tion with German street. Another firm, on the northeast 
 corner of these streets, added to the brilliancy by hundreds 
 of gas jets arranged to form the name and business of the 
 firm. Concordia Opera House, and a restaurant, on the 
 opposite side of Eutaw street, were very prettily lighted up 
 with Chinese lanterns, which served to illuminate tlie taste- 
 fully arranged banners, flags, bunting and devices displayed 
 on the fronts of these buildings. Germania Msennerchor Hall, 
 on I^ombard street, hung lanterns and banners on the outer 
 walls, and an electric burner at the intersection of Lombard 
 and Light streets shed its mellow light upon some fine build- 
 ings in that vicinity. The Maltby House, and the graceful 
 arch spanning Pratt street from this hotel to the steam 
 bakery opposite, had all the gas jets burning, and these, with 
 a brilliant reflector light in position opposite, made this 
 locality as bright as day. A prismatic star, Avith 3S0 jets of 
 gas, erected by several leading firms at or near the corner of 
 Eutaw and Pratt streets, was illuminated, and, as has been 
 the case for more tlian a week, was universally admired. 
 Numerous stores, business places and dwellings on Light, 
 South, Charles, Hanover, Sharp, Howard, ^^'illiam and other 
 streets in South Baltimore were lighted up with Chinese lan- 
 terns. Engine Houses Nos. 2, 10 and 12 looked very pretty 
 
218 MEJrOIUAL VULUJIE. 
 
 with their many colored lanterns strung from turret to foun- 
 dation stone. The vicinity of Cross-street market was quite 
 brilliant with every variety of illumination. Columbia ave- 
 nue and South Paca street, and many other thoroughfares in 
 Southwest Baltimore, joined in the general illumination. 
 
 Lafayette Square, Harlem Square, Perkins Spring Square 
 and Eutaw Place were all illuminated with fine effect, and a 
 numl)er of houses in the vicinity of each square were al.so 
 brilliantly lighted up. At Lafayette Square there was an 
 illumination of all the flower beds by means of colored lan- 
 terns forming the shape of the beds. Large lanterns set off 
 the decorations of the four arches. The interior of the square 
 was made brigiit with crystal illuminators of A-ariegated 
 colors. ]\leteoric and cannonading balloons were sent off. A 
 band of music added to tlie attractions at this square. The 
 State Normal School was lighted up, and displayed a fine coat- 
 of-arms of the State. Other houses thereabouts were also 
 finely lighted, Chinese lanterns hanging over the front and 
 from the cornice in profusion. All the arches in Harlem 
 Square were brilliant with lanterns, and a band gave lively 
 music throughout the evening. There was a large attendance. 
 Perkins Spring Square also made a fine display. Fi-anklin 
 and Union Squares were brilliantly lighted up, the bright 
 lights showing off to good advantage the liandsome decora- 
 tions. Franklhi Square was hung with a great profusion of 
 Chinese lanterns, and the display could be seen for quite a 
 distance. Fireworks, such as rockets, Ronuin candles, Cathe- 
 rine's wheels, &('., were sent up from Federal Hill and River- 
 side Park. 
 
 Red Men's Iliill, on Xortli Paca street, was nicely illumi- 
 nated with Chinese and .Japanese lanterns, giving a very fine 
 effect to the tasty decorations at each place. All along 
 Eutaw street, from P)altimore to Franklin, the business places 
 were more or less illuminated, some of them with gas jets in 
 fi'ont, and several of the private residences were well lighted 
 up. On Franklin street, from Howard to Calvert, several 
 private residences were conspicuous for tasty illuminations. 
 Barnum's Hotel displayed a brilliant electric light. Odd- 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 219 
 
 Fellows' Hall, on Gay street, was nicely illiuninated. The 
 Mansion House, ou Fayette street, was illuminatecl. 
 
 The private residences in Monument street, from Calvert out 
 to Eutaw, were one blaze of brilliant illuminations. In the 
 western part of the city the illuminations were not general, 
 most of the people having left their houses to look at the 
 procession. Quite a number of houses were illuminated, 
 however, principally with Chinese lanterns. In many squares 
 the parlor windows of private dwellings were thrown open 
 the gas turned on at full glare and softened by orange-colored 
 paper, which was wrapped around the globes like shades. 
 Wherever this was done the effect was pleasing. The Battle 
 Monument attracted no small share of attention. Guy s Hotel 
 made a fine display with colored glass globes on the gas 
 burners in front of the building, forming an arch The 
 Young Glen's Christian Association building, on Isorth Charles 
 street, was lit up with gas jets, candles and Chinese lanterns 
 The I^Iadasgras procession reached Broadway before 10 
 o'clock, though its numbers had by that time greatly dimin- 
 ished, and passed up the east side to McElderry street where 
 it oountermarched to Orleans street and proceeded to the ter- 
 minus of the route. The tableaux arrived at Broadway about 
 10-15 o'clock, in excellent order, making a fine shoAV, and 
 passed down South Broadway to the Institute, where it coun- 
 termarched and continued over the route as had been ai- 
 
 '""Tlf grand stand in front of the City Hall was thronged 
 with people, who sat in the cool air for about two hours wait- 
 ing for the procession to come, and they were very ^^^^^fj^^^' 
 appointed when the small pageant, headed by the Grand Mar- 
 slll passed by. After a wait of about a half hour, however 
 Sifwllh several persons left the stand, the historical 
 display arrived, and made a very creditable appearance, bring- 
 in. forth repeated applause from the spectators on the stand 
 as well as the large crowds upon the streets. And with this 
 and the slow, reluctant, but entirely orderly -ithdiuwa^ c^^^^ 
 the medley throng of vehicles in motley b"* ^^ill de e t 
 array, the memorable Sesqui-Centennial celebration of Balti- 
 more gradually melted out of sight. 
 
CHAPTER NINTH. 
 
 Incident!!*, A<-<>i«Ioii<s. »eh1 P1isiso«« or the Popular Teniper- 
 aiac'iit, diiriii;; the Meek of Festival. 
 
 IT would bo both false and presninptuous to assume, as some 
 have tried to do, that Baltimore was particularly favored 
 during the epochal week of its celebration with unusually 
 <4-()od and unnaturally bright weather. There is still evidence, 
 liowever, and of a sort worth producing, even though only as 
 a curiosity, that the weather and the public health were both 
 remarkably good ; that the police authorities almost dreaded 
 a complete suspension of their jurisdiction, and that the 
 supersedure of functionarydoin in and around the City Hall 
 was so general as to be alarming. 'We have alreadj' presented 
 examples of the large quantity of extra work demanded of 
 the ornamental parts of the City Government. Let us now 
 show what the useful iiart did, outside of its fine perform- 
 ances in the ornamental line. And first, let us give the 
 special report of the Health Department : 
 
 Meteorological Obseuvations taken at the Signal Office, Balti.moue, 
 DuuiNG the Week ending Satuuday, Octobeu 10, 1880. 
 
 Month and Day 
 1880. 
 
 Barometer. 
 
 Thermometer. 
 
 October. 
 
 7 A. M. 
 
 3P. M 
 
 9 P. M. 
 
 Mean 
 Daily 
 Value. 
 
 
 C! 
 
 S 1 Mean 
 2 Daily 
 C5 j Value. 
 
 s a 
 
 v. a 
 
 Suuday. 10 
 
 Monilav, 11 
 
 Tiics.laV. 12 
 
 W<ancsaay, 13 . . 
 Thur.silay. 14. . . . 
 
 Friday, 15 
 
 Saturday, 10 
 
 30.341 
 30.310 
 30.123 
 30.373 
 30.330 
 30.071 
 29.917 
 
 30.384 
 30 319 
 30.029 
 30.302 
 30 200 
 29.971 
 29.791 
 
 30.286 
 30 193 
 30.306 
 30.314 
 30.125 
 29.980 
 29.797 
 
 30.3Q9 
 30.230 
 30.141 
 30.320 
 30 198 
 30.000 
 29.825 
 
 53 
 55 
 00 
 50 
 45 
 55 
 62 
 
 71 
 76 
 79 
 63 
 63 
 72 
 79 
 
 62 
 06 
 02 
 55 
 56 
 64 
 73 
 
 62.0 
 65.7 
 65.7 
 .55.5 
 55.0 
 63.7 
 71.2 
 
 73 51 
 
 77.54 
 80 58 
 64 49 
 64 44 
 73.53 
 81 .59 
 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 
 30.146 
 
 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 62.7 
 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 221 
 
 Meteorological Observations taken at the Signal Office, Baltimore, 
 
 DURING THE WeEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1880. 
 
 Relative 
 
 Humidity. 
 
 Directions of Wind. 
 
 Vel. of Wind. 
 
 State of Weather. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 g 1 g 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 S '^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 '< ! ^ 
 
 PlI 
 
 7 A.M. 
 
 3 P.M. 9 P.M. 
 
 < 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ph 
 
 7 A.M. 
 
 3 P.M. 
 
 9 P.M. 
 
 In. 
 
 £- [ « 
 
 CJ 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 05 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 58 
 
 77 
 
 N.E. 
 
 S. E. 1 Calm 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 .00 
 
 87 
 
 60 
 
 79 
 
 Calm 
 
 S. E. , S. E 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 no 
 
 88 
 
 47 
 
 51 
 
 Calm 
 
 N.W. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Fair 
 
 Clear 
 
 
 58 
 
 27 
 
 45 
 
 N.W. 
 
 N. 
 
 N. 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 no 
 
 61 
 
 4a 
 
 63 
 
 N. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 Clear 
 
 .00 
 
 74 
 
 58 
 
 78 
 
 Calm 
 
 S. E. 
 
 S E. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Fair 
 
 Clear 
 
 .00 
 
 88 
 
 58 
 
 67 
 
 S. E. 1 S 
 
 S. 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Fair 
 
 .00 
 
 
 1 1 II 1 
 
 
 
 
 Total . 
 
 *.— 
 
 * Too small to measure. 
 The eurface of Ihe mercury in the cistern of Barometer is 45.19 feet above the mean level ol 
 the sea. 
 Barometer corrected for temperature, elevation above ?ea, and iDBtrnmental error. 
 
 Sesqui-Centennial of Baltimore. 'Wt^ekly return of deaths 
 and interments. Baltimore Board of Health. James A. Steuart, 
 M. D., Commissioner of Health and Registrar; A. R. Carter, 
 Secretaiy. 
 
 For tub Week ending Saturday Evening, October 16, 1880. 
 
 CAUSES of DE.\Tn. 
 
 Asthenia 
 
 Cancer, Breast 
 
 " Bowels 
 
 " Uterus 
 
 " Stomach 
 
 ChildBirth 
 
 Congestion of Lungs 
 
 Consumption of Lungs 
 
 Convulsions. . 
 
 Croup 
 
 Dentition 
 
 Diphtheria 
 
 Disease of Heart 
 
 Dropsy, (Gen'l) 
 
 " Scarlatinal 
 
 Epithelioma of the Axilla — 
 Fever, Malarial 
 
 " Typhus 
 
 " Scarlet 
 
 " Typhoid 
 
 Gastro Intestinal Catarrh 
 
 Hemorrhage, Umbilical 
 
 Inanition 
 
 n 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 <J 
 
 S 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 
 li 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 causes of DE.\Tn. 
 
 luflaraniation of Bowels 
 
 " Pericardium 
 
 " Peritoneum. 
 
 Defective Nutrition 
 
 Marasmus 
 
 Meningitis, Tubercular 
 
 " Cerebro Spinal . . 
 
 Nervous Prostration 
 
 Old Age 
 
 Paralysis 
 
 Pneumonia 
 
 Premature Birth . 
 
 Phthisis Laryngeal 
 
 Placentia Pravia 
 
 Scrofula 
 
 Suicide 
 
 Tetanus 
 
 Unknown Infantile 
 
 Whooping Cough 
 
 Wounds, by Cars 
 
 Totals 
 
222 
 
 MEMOltlAL VOLUME. 
 
 The Deaths Registered in the Week Include 
 
 Under 1 year 
 
 Between 1 and 2 years. 
 3 and 5 " " . 
 
 Total under 5 years.. 
 Between 5 and 10 years. , 
 " 10 and 15 " . 
 " 15 and 20 " . , 
 " 20 and 30 " . 
 
 Between 30 and 40 years 
 
 " 40 and 50 " 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 " 50 and 00 " 
 
 4 
 
 " (iO and 70 " 
 
 ^9. 
 
 " 70 anil SO " 
 
 " PO and 90 " 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 " 00 and 100 " 
 
 
 100 and 110 " 
 
 
 Above 1 10 years 
 
 
 Males, 62. 
 
 Females, 65. 
 
 Boys, 35. 
 
 Girls, 38. 
 
 Deaths ts Each "Wakd. 
 
 First . . . 
 Second . 
 Third... 
 Fourth . 
 Fifth..., 
 Sixth... 
 Seventli. 
 Eighth.. 
 Ninth... 
 Tenth.. . 
 
 Eleventh 
 
 Twelfth 
 
 Tliirtcenth... 
 Fourtfrntli.. 
 FiftetnUi . . . 
 Si.xtPcnth... 
 Scventienth. 
 Eighteenth.. 
 Nineteenth.. 
 Twentieth . . 
 
 Nativity, Etc. 
 
 United States (White) 
 
 
 
 . . 1 85 
 
 
 
 .. 1 T^ 
 
 City Jail 
 
 
 
 " Hospitals 
 
 Tnniipst C.nss.0R 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 ..27 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 Premature Birth 
 
 Still-born 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 Males 
 Males 
 
 Females 1 1 Total 
 
 9 Females 5 | Total 
 
 .. 1 
 
 ..14 
 
 Compakative Weekly Mortality. 
 
 Population estimated to the middle of the year 
 1880 303,790 
 
 White, 838,384; Colored, 55,413. 
 
 1)00 
 CO ^ 
 
 00 
 
 in 00 
 
 2" 
 
 J 
 
 to 
 
 □ 
 •5 
 
 ^§ 
 1 
 
 Total dcatlis registered (exclusive of still-born) 
 
 Annual death rate per thousand during the week 
 was 16.75. 
 
 118 
 
 108 
 
 137 
 
 137 
 
 It will be observed, in connection with the above table, 
 which is in effect the regiihir weekly ri^jioit upon the vital 
 statistics of Baltimore, that tlie doatli rate for the Centennial 
 week (127), while a little above the weekly average of four 
 
JiEjroRiAL vor-r.-NiE 223 
 
 years (122.5), was below those figures actually when the pre- 
 sumptive increase of population is allowed for. The average 
 annual death rate per 1,000 for the Centennial week is shown 
 to be 10.75 — for the year it was 20.41 — a difference of 18.8 per 
 cent, in favor of the Centennial week, whether we treat the 
 actual population of the city as being that returned by the 
 census bureau — 332,190 — or that estimated by the local Health 
 Department, upon the basis of data derived from independent 
 and less accessible sources — 393,790. 
 
 "The benevolent and ingenious Dr. Benjamin Rush," of 
 Philadelphia — so his biographer calls him, and so indeed he 
 is entitled to be called — in one of the leading and most curious 
 papers included in his Medical Inquiries and Observations, 
 (a work in four stout volumes,) attempted to present an ac- 
 count of the Influence of the Ililitary and Political Events 
 of the American Revolution iipoii the Human Body. Cor- 
 visart, we are told, in his work on the Lesions and Diseases of 
 the Heart, tried to show tlie singular increase of such affec- 
 tions in connection witli the terrible excitement of the French 
 devolution. It is unfortunate that Dr. Rush, in his general 
 idea of making popular the discussion of abstruse subjects, 
 sliould have neglected to furnish the facts essential to con- 
 firm his very original and highly probable theories — to give, 
 in other words, the statistical tables upon which alone such 
 assumptions are entitled to stand. Dr. Rush was anyhow a 
 sanguine man, of active fancy and temperament and ardent 
 sympathies. Cobbett, in the squib called the Mush-ligJd, 
 which he published after the good doctor had mulcted him 
 $5000 and damages in a libel suit, probably bled Rush more 
 severely than he had ever bled any of his patients — thougli 
 any snch assertion is of course venturesome, not to say peril- 
 ous, where historical precision is demanded. This, however, 
 is all by the way. The learned doctor, in the paper already 
 named, proceeded in a regular and methodical fashion to 
 state that " there were several circumstances peculiar to the 
 American Revolution, which should be mentioned previously 
 to an account of the influence of the events which accom- 
 panied it upon the human body." For example, as he pointed 
 out, the Revolution interested every inhabitant of tlie country, 
 
224 MEMORIAL VOIAME. 
 
 of both sexes, and of every rank and age tliat was capable of 
 reflection. "An indifferent or neutral spectator of tlie contro- 
 versy Avas scarcely to be found in any of tlie States." Both 
 war and the experience of self-i,'-overnuient were entirely novel 
 to the peojile. A jrreat and peculiarly momentous importance 
 was attached to the strug^^le by the people, who conceived 
 that upon its issue depended the very existence of freedom 
 upon the globe. The people and the men of property and 
 substance in tlie country were also the soldiers — they served 
 without prospect or desire of pay, for the most part, and 
 clearly understanding what they risked. These general prem- 
 ises being stated. Dr. Rush went on to enumerate the effects 
 of the state of affairs upon the military and then afterwards 
 upon the liome population. lie showed how the patriotism 
 and intelligence of the soldiers enabled them to overcome the 
 nostalgia, or home-sickness, which is often the most fatal 
 disease to which troops — especially new levies — can be sub- 
 ject. He added that "many persons of infirm and delicate 
 habits were restored to perfect health by the change of place 
 or occupation to which the war exposed them. This was tlie 
 case in a more especial manner Avith hysterical women, who 
 were much interested in the successful issue of the contest. 
 The same effects of a civil Avar upon the hysteria were ob- 
 served by Dr. Cullen in Scotland, in the years 1745 and 174G. 
 An uncommon cheerfulness prevailed everywhere among the 
 friends of the Revolution. Defeats and even the loss of rela- 
 tions and iiroperty were soon forgotten in the great objects of 
 the war. The 'poindation of the United States was more 
 rapid from births during the war than it had ever been in, 
 the same mimber of years since the settlemeid of the country. 
 I am disposed," continues Dr. Rush, "to ascribe this increase 
 of births chiefly to the fpiantity and extensive circulation of 
 money and to the facility of procuring the means of subsist- 
 ence during the war, whicli favored marriages among the 
 laboring part of the people. But 1 have sufficient documents 
 to prove that marriages were more fruitful than in former 
 years, and that a considerable number of unfruitful marriages 
 became fruitful during the war." 
 
MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 225 
 
 There is no chance to ascertain the validity of Pr. Rush's 
 processes of reasoning in this matter, since he has not seen fit 
 to give to the world the figures upon the basis of which he 
 argued. The courtesy and painstaking care, however, of Mr. 
 A. E. Carter, Secretary of the Caltiniore Health Department, 
 have enabled the present writer to give some curious figures 
 in connection with the Sesqui-Centennial epoch. It is proper 
 to call that period an epoch, since, like the Revolution, while 
 it lasted, it occupied the minds and thoughts of the people 
 almost to the exclusion of lesser objects. It took nearly the 
 whole population of the city out-doors, and kept them there, 
 together with their eighty thousand guests, the greater part 
 of the time for ten or twelve days, and the police reports 
 show that there was very little of cither drunkenness or dis- 
 order. No other preface seems necessary to the following 
 tables, beyond the simple reminder of the fact that the best 
 medical authorities consent to agree that the average period 
 of ordinary human gestation is forty Aveeks, or two hundred 
 and eighty days. "When we remember the difference between 
 lunar and calendar months, we will find the knowledge of 
 this rule to be as old anyhow as Ovid's Fasti, in which it 
 
 is said : 
 
 " Luna novum deck's implerat coruibus orbem, 
 Qiiaj fuerat viigo crcdita, luater erat." 
 
 1880. 
 
 
 1881. 
 
 BIUTIIS 
 
 REPORTED. 
 
 
 BIRTHS REPORTED. 
 
 October 2d.. 
 
 
 240 
 
 June 4th 181 
 
 9th. 
 
 
 IS? 
 
 " 11th 122 
 
 " 1 fith 
 
 
 141 
 159 
 
 " isth 123 
 
 " 23d.. 
 
 
 " 25th 140 
 
 " 30th. 
 
 
 1 50 
 
 
 Total.. 
 
 
 877 
 
 Total 56G 
 
 STTLL-BIRTHS REPORTED. 
 
 STILL-BIRTHS REPORTED. 
 
 October 2d.. 
 
 
 14 
 
 June 4th 12 
 
 " 9th. 
 
 
 9 
 14 
 11 
 
 " 11th 15 
 
 " 16th 
 
 " 18th 12 
 
 " 23d .. 
 
 " 25th 10 
 
 " 30th. 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 Total.. 
 
 
 53 
 
 Total 49 
 
226 MEMORIAL VOLUJIE. 
 
 It will not fail to be noticed by tliose who are curious in 
 looking into such matters that while the total of birtlis 
 reijorted for the thirty-five days from the week ending Octo- 
 ber 2d to that ending October 3Uth was 930, an average of 2G.5 
 per diem, that for the corresponding fortieth week period of 
 the present year Avas only "21.9 per diem. If we compare the 
 actual weeks of festival with the weeks in natural order two 
 hundred and eighty days after them, the results are still more 
 striking in the discrepancies suggested. From October 2d to 
 October lUth, 1880, the aggregate of births was 005. From 
 June -1th to June 18th, 1881, the aggregate of births was only 
 4(jy. The explanation of this neat little conundrum the 
 present writer would prefer to leave to others. " Davris 
 sum, non CEdipus." 
 
 When the success of the Festival had been insured beyond 
 any doubt, two well-earned badges were presented by some 
 leading citizens to Mr. Francis Putnam Stevens, Chairman of 
 the ^lunicipal Fxecutive Committee, and Col. J. Thomas 
 Scharf, the Secretary of that committee, (and who in fact Avas 
 also appointed by the ^layor a member of the committee iji 
 a very complimentary letter.) The medals were presented at 
 the City Hall, on Monday morning, October 11th, just previous 
 to the march of the first day's procession. The badges, to 
 quote from a contemporary description, combine the symbolic 
 features of the INIaryland arms and the city seal. On a centre 
 piece of blue enamel is laid a frosted silver representation of 
 the Battle Monument, with the date of the incorporation of 
 the city, the whole surmounted by the coronet and bannerets 
 of the State seal; the coronet studded Avith diamonds. The 
 centre piece is flanked with representations of the fislierman 
 and the farmer of the State seal. On each side of the monu- 
 ment are the figures, in gold, "1730-1880." The motto of the 
 State and the words " Sesqui-Centennial Municipal Executive 
 Committee," in black enamel, are on ornamental scroll work. 
 On the back is engraved the words " Presented by citizeas of 
 Baltimore." The jewels are heavy gold, and are attached to 
 black velvet badges, bordered with gold bullion, altogether 
 forming a rich and costly souvenir. The presentation was 
 
MEJIORI.VL VOfA'ME. 
 
 227 
 
 accompanied by a letter to Me.sr.. Stevens and Scliarf, as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Balttmoue, October lltli, ISSO. 
 
 De^r Sirs— The undersigned, citizens of Baltimore, wisli- 
 in- to express our appreciation of your very valuable services 
 as"chainnan and Secretary of tlie Municipal Executive Com- 
 mittee havin^^ in cliar-e the celebration of tlie One Hundred 
 and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of the City of I5al- 
 timore, present herewith a small token of our regard, which 
 we ask you to receive, with the assurance of the sincere 
 respect and regard of your friends and fellow-citizens of 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Ferdinand C. Latrobe, 
 John T. jNIorris, 
 Alex. Brown & Sons, 
 I'vobert Garrett & Sons, 
 A. Vogeler & Co., 
 "Wilson, Burns & Co., 
 Johnson, Sutton & Co., 
 Wm. Wilkens & Co., 
 Daniel Miller & Co., 
 William E. Hooper & Sons, 
 Henry C. Smith, 
 Robert Moore & Co., 
 James S. Gary & Son, 
 
 Baltimore United Oil Company, 
 Noah Walker & Co., 
 E. I'ratt & Bro., 
 John Duer & Sons, 
 E. L. Parker & Co., 
 James R. Herbert, 
 G. W. Gail & Ax, 
 Johnston Brothers & Co., 
 A. Schumacher & Co., 
 Hamilton Easter & Sons, 
 Wiesenfeld & Co., 
 Sickel, Hellen & Co., 
 William Kiiabe & Co., 
 
 dailies o. v_>ciij vv ., — , „ , .,, T (> /-<„ 
 
 AVoodward, Baldwin & Xorris, T. J. Magruder & Co., 
 
 C. Sidney Norris & Co., 
 Hurst, Purnell & Co., 
 Hodges Bros., 
 Wm. Devries & Co., 
 Armstrong, Cator & Co., 
 William H. Brown & Bro., 
 McDowell & Co., 
 John Turnbull, Jr., & Co., 
 Edward Jenkins & Sons 
 
 Campbell W. Pinkney,. 
 Henry ]McShane & Co., 
 Wm. H. Crawford & Co., 
 Thomas C. Basshor & Co., 
 John H. B. Latrobe, 
 Robert Gilmor, 
 John T. Ford, 
 Henry James & Co., 
 Wilson, Colston & Co., 
 
 Poole & Hunt, and others. 
 
 The presentations were made by Mr. A. H. Greenfield, 
 President of the Second Branch City Council, who spoke as 
 follows : 
 
228 MEMOISIAL VOLUME. 
 
 "Gfati.emen 
 
 " Jii till' absence of His Ilimor Mayor Latrobe, the pleasant 
 tliity has been assigned nie of presentiiifj to you those niaijnifi- 
 cent tcstinioiiials, which in tlieniselves are of jrreat vahie and 
 rare beauty. They only represent in a slight degree, liowever, 
 the high appreciation of your fellow-citizens for your noble 
 and laborious efforts, and the inestimable services you have 
 rendered in bringing to a successful issue the appropriate cel- 
 ebration of our tSesqui-Centennial, upon which we are now 
 about to entei'. 
 
 " 1 have been requested by the leading and well-known citi- 
 zens whose names are signed to this testimonial, to present to 
 you tliese medals or badges, to be worn during the coming 
 days of rejoicing, and then to be kept as cherished souvenirs. 
 I hope, gentlemen, they will always remind you of this great 
 occasion and of the esteem in which you are held by your 
 fellow-citizens of this Monumental City, and of their recogni- 
 tion of your untiring labor and assiduous attention in the 
 work you have so well accomplished, to render this celebra- 
 tion a grand and imposing success." 
 
 The recipients responded appropriately. 
 
 Tlie work done by the police on this occasion was undoubt- 
 edly liglitened 1)y the happy temper of the people, yet it was 
 still herculean in the regard of doubled duties and quadi-upled 
 responsibilities. The force, however, liad the compensation 
 to know, throughout, that its efficient services were as com- 
 pletely recognized by our own citizens as its splendid phy- 
 sique and solid drill were wondered at while admired by visi- 
 tors and strangers. The documents whicli follow speak for 
 themselves, and consequently do not demand any comment. 
 
 Baltimork, October 2L'd, 1880. 
 
 John T. Gray, Esq., Marsltal. 
 
 Sir : — Tlie undersigned, merchants and business men, desire 
 to expi-ess to you and to the officers and men composing the 
 police force, their appreciation of the manner with which the 
 
MEMORIAL A-OLl'ME. 229 
 
 laborious duties atteudiug tlie late Sesqui-Centennial celebra- 
 tiou Avere performed. 
 
 Tlie appearance of tjie force on parade was a gratifying 
 exhibition of tliorougli discipline and drill, while the efficient 
 and courteous discharge of duty on our crowded streets, both 
 by day and at night, reflects credit upon your organization 
 and upon our city, which it gives us j^leasure to acknowledge. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 R. G.arrett & Sons, Alex. Brown & Sons, 
 
 Woodward, Baldwin & Norris, Robert T. Baldwin, 
 Henry James & Co., Hurst, Purnell & Co., 
 
 Robert A. Fisher & Co., Armstrong, Cator & Co., 
 
 Gill & Fisher, Tucker, Smitli & Co., 
 
 Thomiison & Ranson, W. H. Dixon & Bro., 
 
 Barry & HoogewerfF, Hodges Brothers, 
 
 E. Levering & Co., C. Morton Stewart & Co., 
 
 W. P. Harvey & Co., W. T. Walters & Co., 
 
 ]\Iartin Gillett & Co., T. Robert Jenkins & Sons, 
 
 D. J. Foley, Bros. & Co., Charles A. Gambrill & Co., 
 
 George Small, Robert Turner, Jr., & Son, 
 
 G. E. Bowdoin, I. M. Parr * Son, 
 
 Robert Tyson & Co., Baer & Brocher, 
 
 William R. Howard, Wylie, Smith & Co., 
 
 Milmine, Bachman & Co., James Knox & Co., 
 
 Meixsel & Co., Tate, Muller & Co., 
 
 Geo. P. Williar & Son, E. D. Bigelow & Co., 
 
 R. C. Hays, Shriver Brothers, 
 
 J. I. Middleton & Co., A. Seemuller & Sons. 
 
 Office Board of Pomce Commissioners, 
 
 Baltimore, October 25th, 1880. 
 J. T. Gray, Esq., Marslial. 
 
 Sir: — The Board of Police Commissioners desire to convey 
 to you, and through you, to the force under your control, their 
 higli appreciation of the services of officers and men during 
 the entire period of tlie late festivities. Those services, at 
 once arduous and exacting in a peculiar degree, and by their 
 nature demanding from each man not only the utmost vigi- 
 
230 MK.MiiKIAI. VOLUME. 
 
 lance and the in-oinptest dt'cisioii, but also, a coiistaiit display 
 of tact and judgment, were, tliroughout, rendered in such a 
 way as to win the unaninious applause of our citizens, com- 
 mand the encomiums no less than the surjjrise of strangers 
 and guests, and earn our deep and cordial commendation. 
 
 It is claimed and believed that the records of the police 
 force of Baltimore during the festival and race weeks have no 
 precedent in i)olice aimals. The entire city was fluttering 
 with decorations and inflammables of every sort, and ablaze 
 with illuminations, yet there were no considerable fires. The 
 entire population, augmented till nearly double in numbere 
 by a vast influx of strangers from eveiy part, was idle, and 
 given up to festivities and pleasure-seeking. A series of 
 spectacles filled the streets constantly with vast concourses 
 of people, sometimes i)acking the thoroughfares continuotisly 
 for miles together, all eager, excited, enthusiastic. Xiglit as 
 well as day these throngs were passing, and even meal-times 
 did not always find the people at home; yet, notwithstanding 
 all these departures from the ordinary routine of citj' life, 
 there was no disorder, no confusion, no accidents, no assaults, 
 no robberies, no house-breaking nor pilfering, not an untoward 
 incident of any kind, and the records show that there were 
 fewer than the average of arrests for drunkenness and kin- 
 dred disorders.* The efficacy of the thorough discipline and 
 drill which you have maintained, and of the carefully 
 matured police ari-angements executed by you under our 
 direction, could not receive a higher testimonial than the.se 
 facts present. 
 
 The white page of the police records during these exciting 
 days will not be the least memorable of the renuirkable 
 things to be chronicled in connection with the history of 
 the celebration of Ikiltimore's one hundred and fiftieth anni- 
 versary. 
 
 The good sense, the instinctive courtesy, the easy temper 
 and patriotic loyalty of all our citizens naturally co-tiperated 
 with the endeavors of the i)olice throughout; but these high 
 civic qualities would not have availed long unaided by the 
 
 *Tlic absolute nuiulK-r of oricsts, for tbc ki'Ci)ing of the i)eace, w,-js rather above 
 the daily average. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 231 
 
 skill and effectiveness of the police force, guided like a 
 machine by the Marshal and his Deputy, in giving tlieni 
 direction and free play. 
 
 The parade of the force as i^art of the procession on the 
 1.3th instant afforded evidence, if any were needed, that tlie 
 men under your command could act as well in mass as each 
 officer has shown himself capable of acting in his individual 
 capacity and on his particular round of duty. A more solid 
 and soldierly column than the force then presented has 
 seldom been seen upon our streets. 
 
 Such a great and unusual concourse of people lirought 
 together during so many days, and so widely and liberally 
 advertised throughout the country, could not fail to cause a 
 large influx of thieves and pickpockets, but these found 
 themselves frustrated in advance by the wise precautions and 
 watchful energy of Chief Detective Crone and his efficient 
 staff; and it is believed that no such crowds were ever 
 gathered, under any circumstances, with so few robberies. 
 
 The Commissioners take sincere pleasure in recounting 
 these evidences of high merit and disciplined efficiency, and 
 direct you to communicate their commendations and approval 
 to the force. 
 
 Very respectfully. 
 
 The Commissioners of Police, 
 
 Wm. H. B. Fusselbaugh, 
 
 President 
 
 One of the hardest tasks of the Municixial Executive Com- 
 mittee and their clerks, (Messrs. Thomas G. Ridgely, Joseph 
 Neilson and George A. Bennett,) and one they discharged with 
 satisfaction, was that of sending out invitations. It was neces- 
 sary to neglect no one who should be invited, lest offence 
 should be the result. It was equally necessary to avoid put- 
 ting the city at the heavy charge of providing subsistence for 
 a multitude. The committee received much valuable aid and 
 many indispensable suggestions from outside persons, and as 
 a consequence, its work in this respect, as in others, was well 
 done. In fact, as soon as the various committees got fairly to 
 
232 MEMOltlAL VOLUME. 
 
 work and the public interest in the success and vohune of the 
 festival was fairly aroused, theie was no lack of suggestions 
 poured in upon them and upon tlie press. On the contrary, 
 they received many more propositions even than they could 
 consider and digest, to say nothing of acting upon them. The 
 minds of the community seemed to be brought back forcibly 
 and actively to the past, old landiuarks were remembered, old 
 lieir-looms hunted up and brought to light, and every one 
 seemed more or less proudly conscious that he, as well as the 
 city, had an ancestiy. The original plat of Baltiniore town in 
 IT.iO was hunted up, the lines of the original survey were 
 traced and staked off so that every one might know them for 
 himself, and the plat itself, a.s drawn by Philip Jone?*, county 
 surveyor in 1730, was engraved and distributed for public use. 
 
 Old chairs, old .spinning-wheels, old china, crockery, plate 
 and garments were brought out of dusty garrets and mouldy 
 cellars, to be put on exhibition in store windows or elsewhere, 
 so that they might be seen and appreciated. It is admitted 
 that the people of Baltimore, while instinctively observant of 
 the duties imposed by the fifth commandnu^nt at all times, 
 never thought so much of their grandfathers and their grand- 
 mothers as during this .Sesqui-C'enteunial period. For once 
 old fashions had become the fashion. 
 
 (Jreat invention and generally much taste were displayed 
 in tlie contrivance of innumerable cards, handbills, circulars 
 and otlier Sesqui-Centennial devices for advertising in the 
 processions and connection with them. Millions of these 
 clever things were scattered about in every direction. A com- 
 plete and exhaustive collection of them will be worth as 
 much in A. D. lO-W as a set of the original plates of Hogarth. 
 
 It is amusing to look back upon the new forces which the 
 unanimity, co-operation and good taste of the i)eople of Balti- 
 more in this interval of enthusiasm and sincerity in self- 
 appreciation seemed to give us, not only in our own conceit, 
 but in the opinion also of our neighbors. We appeared sud- 
 denly to be invested with new qualities which we had never 
 clainuMl nor they ever given us credit for, and with common 
 consent, while we shook hands with one another ami felt 
 ourselves some inches taller, they set to work to pat us oix 
 
MEMOIUAL VOLIME. 233 
 
 the back and tell lis what ijootl fellows they discoverecl us to 
 be. Of the many graceful or gracious coniplinients tlieu paid 
 us, the text of some is worth preserving. The New York 
 Herald of Tuesday, October 12th, said: "Yesterday our 
 fellow-citizens of Baltimore had a festival in honor of the 
 one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of their 
 city. The event was celebrated with heartiness and enthu- 
 siasm. As cities go, even in America, Baltimore is young — 
 the youngest of the group on the Atlantic seaboard. New 
 York is more than a century older ; Boston ciuite a century ; 
 Charleston and Philadelphia fifty years. Even Richmond 
 and Norfolk have seen many more years, while Annapolis 
 had all the maturity of municipal dignity when Baltimore 
 
 was an open field The prosperity of Baltimore seems 
 
 to be assured and growing. There is no such a rush as we 
 have seen in Chicago and San Francisco. But there is a 
 steady, sound, wholesome advance in Baltimorean prosperity 
 which reminds us of what we see in England, and gives the 
 city a dignity and gravity of its own. We congratulate our 
 fellow-citizens upon the share of good things which has fallen 
 to their lot, and they have om* heartiest wishes for a splendid 
 imperial destiny." 
 
 From other courteous words of the sort, those which follow 
 have been selected : 
 
 Boston Herald : "Although we may not be willing to con- 
 cede that the people of Baltimore have as much as we have 
 to be grateful for, in looking back over the growth of their 
 city, we think it will be admitted that they throw more heart 
 into the celebration of their one hundred and fiftieth anniver- 
 sary than we did into our natal festival last month. The Bal- 
 timoreans have that gift of expressing tlieir feelings that we 
 do not possess. Fancy the look of dismay that would come 
 over the face of an oi-dinary Bostonian if he were told that a 
 civic celebration was to last for a week, and that during that 
 time all customary occupations must be subordinated to the 
 general rejoicing. Yet this is what is to be done in Balti- 
 more, and from Monday morning until Saturday night tlie 
 city and the citizens will be given over to demonstrations 
 in honor of the founders of Baltimore and their numerous 
 
234 MEMOKIAL VOLLJIE 
 
 successors. This lightness of spirit, if it may be so termed, 
 seems to be due to climatic and hereditary causes. The fond- 
 ness for public display is alwaj's more strongly marked iu 
 southern than in northern people; and added to tliis is the 
 fact that the Baltimoreans are a peculiarly mixed people. 
 We have here a combination of the stern and unenthusiastic 
 Anglo-.Saxon and the somewhat melancholy Celtic races. In 
 Baltimore tlie English strain is of a lighter and more imjjul- 
 sive type, and there has also been a happy mingling of French, 
 German, Scotch, Spanish, Irish and even Portuguese blood. 
 The consequence is that the inhabitants of the city at the 
 present day are a livelier, easier-going people than Ave are ; 
 and if they don't look as closely after the dollar as vre do, and 
 pay less attention to the paving of their streets and the teach- 
 ing of all of their <?hihlren in astronomy and chemistry, the 
 average of human contentment and enjoyment is ])r()hal>ly 
 liigher there than it is here. The address delivered yesterday 
 by Mr. J. Thomas Scharf showed that in spite of these easy- 
 going traits of character, the Baltimoreans have been a 
 shrewd, clear-headed people, whose success has been due to a 
 willingness to avail themselves of their opportunities. In the 
 public spirit of lier citizens Baltimore has reason to be proud. 
 They have always been forward in deeds of patriotism and of 
 public charity, and it is fair to assume that the long line tliat 
 ended with Johns Hopkins will not want for successors. At 
 the same time it is worthy of notice that in I^ltimore, as el.se- 
 where, those in this country who have given large fortunes to 
 endow unsectarian charitable and educational institutions are, 
 with rare exceptions, of direct Anglo-Saxon descent." 
 
 New York Sun: "Baltimore furnishes the lunisnal examjile 
 of a leading city of one of our original American colonies, 
 founded a century after the planting of the colony itself. 
 Time lias wrought changes enough in customs and manners 
 and material progress to allow Baltimore a ])ictures(iue oddity 
 in her display of illustrative pageants, antique relics and his- 
 toric tableaux, to tell the story of a hundred and fifty yeai"s. 
 As the dates of bygone ei^ochs cannot well be changed to suit 
 modern conveniences, Baltimore is forced to celelmite her one 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary at a time wlien the attention 
 
MEMOIUAI. VOLUME. 235 
 
 of the rest of tlie country is very largely engrossed with cur- 
 rent politics. That, however, does not prevent tlie local com- 
 memoration from being enthusiastic and successful." 
 
 "Washington Post : " It is fitting that a city which, in the 
 space of a hundred and fifty years, has grown to be what Bal- 
 timore is, should celebrate her Sesqui-Centennial as gmndly 
 as Baltimore is doing this week. In its infinite details and in 
 its general result and effect this celebration is more than was 
 predicted and all that the most ardent enthusiast could have 
 expected. It is an event, or ratlier a brilliant succession cf 
 events, that will be remembered until all who witnessed it 
 shall have passed away. It has cost a vast expenditure of 
 time and money. Correct judgment and good taste have been 
 signally displayed. Baltimore may well be proud of the suc- 
 cess achieved. The practical man is apt to incpure on occa- 
 sions of this sort, ' What good does it do ? M'hat is the use of 
 all this outlay of capital? What compensation is there for 
 time and money thus appropriated?' "We are inclined to 
 believe that in the long run this will be found a paying in- 
 vestment in the strictest utilitarian sense. A large amount of 
 money will be left in Baltimore by hundreds of thousands of 
 visitors. Most of this would have been expended elsewhere 
 for the attractions presented by this festal season. And then 
 we are not to forget that it is a splendid advertising device. 
 The whole country is reading and thinking of Baltimore, and 
 she will be much better known to the American people after 
 this than she has ever before been. As an educator, such a 
 parade as that of IMonday is of inestimable value. We are 
 making progress at so rapid a rate that we fail to appreciate 
 our marvelous growth. Take the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
 road as an illustration. Middle-aged men of to-day were 
 among the first to ride on the short line that has growni to be 
 one of our great routes of travel and transportation. Half a 
 century ago the emigrant who left Baltimore for Indiana or 
 Illinois parted from his friends as if there was no liope' of 
 seeing theni again in this life. It was a far greater journey at 
 that time to go to Pittsburg than it is now to visit Oregon. 
 It is necessary, by such object-teaching as that of Monday's 
 procession, to show the young what has been done since their 
 
236 JIEMOKIAL VOLUME. 
 
 parents were cliildreii ; liow time autl space have been anni- 
 hilated, and the whole civilized world made one common 
 neig-liborhood. It is equal to years of study to get such a 
 view of the proi^a-ess of Baltimore and the country at large, as 
 shown in that parade. Baltimore is well advanced on the 
 high road to greatness. Her commercial standing and facili- 
 ties are excelled by but two or three cities in the Union. Her 
 railways and lines of ocean steamers are great factors in her 
 prosperity. Her educational, benevolent and charitable insti- 
 tutions rank with any of the continent. She has been singu- 
 larly fortunate in having been munificently remembered by 
 her wealthy sons." 
 
 Cincinnati Commercial: "The city of Baltimore, Monday, 
 celebrated its one hundred and fiftieth birthday anniversary. 
 It was a general holiday in the city, with such decoration of 
 houses and streets, with such parading and orating and pyro- 
 techning as became a wealthy city on so auspicious an occa- 
 sion. The site chosen for Baltimore, at the head of naviga- 
 tion on tlie bay of Chesapeake, with its splendid basin for the 
 slapping of the world, and with superior facilities for trans- 
 portation to the interior, determined the question of rapid 
 transportation in her favor; and yet, though much is due to 
 natural advantages, more is to be ascribed to the enterjirise, 
 the energy and the far-sightedness of the men who laid the 
 foundation of the city's prosi>erity. When it became apparent 
 to Baltimore that if she was to command any portion of the 
 great trade developing in the ]\Iississippi Valley — if she was 
 to compete at all with New York and Philadelphia on the 
 north and the gulf cities on the south, she must carve for her- 
 self a liighway through the Alleghanies, she took hold of it 
 resolutely, and, with a courage and persistence that woji the 
 admiration of the world, ceased not her labor until her iron 
 horses, more worthy of fame than the bronze steeds of Venice, 
 drank water from the Ohio river at Wheeling. The comple- 
 tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad assured the commer- 
 cial position of Baltimore for all time to come." 
 
 Philadelphia Press: "Baltimore began the celebration of 
 its one hundred and fiftieth anniversary with great eclat. 
 There was a grand procession, in which every trade and nearly 
 
SIEMORIAL VorA-MB. 237 
 
 everybody in the city participated, and Avliicii was doubtless a 
 striking illustration of tlie present proportions and prosperity 
 of the city founded a century and a half ago as an asylum 
 for the persecuted Roman Catholics, but which was tolerant 
 of all faiths. Later on there was an oration, in which the 
 future of the Maryland metropolis was painted in brilliant 
 colors, and the day when its people fondly believe they will 
 grasp the trade of the whole continent, dimly foreshadowed. 
 Baltimore is not ' a mean city ' by many degrees, and it is well 
 that she encourages the pride of her people." 
 
 Newark (N. J.) Advertiser : " Every good citizen of the 
 republic will heartily rejoice over Baltimore's prosperity. It 
 should be the brightest and best, if not the most populous 
 and Avealthiest city in the Union. It is beautiful in situation, 
 temperate in climate, the metropolis of a State that is a 
 Garden of Eden in fruitfulness. Baltimore is southern in its 
 aspect, but northern in its energies, and is one of the most 
 purely American cities in the Union. There are very few of 
 the tenement houses that disgrace Xew York, and labor is 
 fairly rewarded. Aside from the railroads, very few strikes 
 are ever heard of there, although the manufactures are numer- 
 ous. The city is too far from the sea to command an exten- 
 sive foreign commerce, but it lias developed great energies, 
 and has made rapid progress in that direction. Baltimore 
 has splendid railroads reaching out to the far West and to the 
 South, and it possesses still the only completed monument to 
 Washington in the entire country. In its public buildings, 
 squares, parks and general architecture, as well as in its 
 hotels, charities and private hospitalities, Baltimore is a 
 queen among cities, and the words of welcome that will flow 
 towards it on this occasion will not be limited by geograph- 
 ical lines or by political divisions. We send it a sesqui- 
 multitude of congratulations." 
 
 Frederick (Md.) Examiner: "This week is devoted to the 
 celebration of the Sesqui-Centennial of the founding of the 
 Monumental City. Its citizens are furnishing, day by day, 
 processions, comprising its religious, military, beneficial and 
 social organizations, which, with historical representations, 
 
238 MKMOKIAL VOl.r.ME 
 
 are .setting forth the clianj^'os they have respectively witnessed 
 during the years that have come and t!;one since Baltimore 
 Town began its career of honor, wealth and renown. The 
 pageantry lias drawn tens of thousands to the city to witness 
 and participate in the celebration, and to rejoice that such 
 wonderful prosperity has been the lot of the chief city of 
 ^Marj-land. In all this, every citizen of the State feels like 
 tendering his congratulations to his bretliren in Baltimore." 
 
 Chestertown (Md.j Transcript: "Baltimore has probably 
 never before in her history had at one time so many people 
 within her limits. It is to be hoped that the activity and 
 enterprise displayed in getting up this big celebration will 
 cling to Baltimore after the celebration is over, and that she 
 will shoot ahead and become, as she ought to be, the first 
 commercial city in the country. As a commercial city she is 
 now second only to New York, and she has commercial facil- 
 ities equal, if not superior, to those of New York." 
 
 New York Herald : " Baltimore's enthusiasm over her 
 Sesqui-Centennial celebration is worthy of imitation. For 
 four days there have been all sorts of processions and festivi- 
 ties, and the end is not yet. If an equal degree of patriotic 
 fervor existed throughout the country neither political i>arty 
 could do much harm." 
 
 " The All-embracing Procession " was the theme of a sermon 
 preached by llev. W. T. Brantly in the Seventh Baptist Church, 
 on Sunday, October 17th, from the text, "The fashion of this 
 world passcth away." He spoke of the various processions 
 which had passed through the streets of Baltimore during the 
 week, illustrating so forcibly the progress nuvde in one hun- 
 dred and fifty years in every branch of the mechanic arts, 
 commercial enterprise, and the organization and advancement 
 of social, benevolent and religious societies, as well as the 
 military, police and fire departments, all supplanting those of 
 former days, which had passed away, like the shifting scenes 
 of a drama, and all in demonstration of the fact that the 
 fashion of this world passeth away. Baltimore, he said, is a 
 great city, and as such she was very properly esteemed by her 
 
MK.MO!{lAr. Vi)LU>[E. 239 
 
 citizens, and now more than ever by the work!. But cities as 
 great liad flourished and decayed, until now no trace could be 
 found. Babylon and her rival, Nineveh, were of the past, and 
 Jerusalem, where David prayed and sang, where Solomon 
 reigned in all his glory, and whose magnificent temple was 
 the Avonder of the world, was now an insignificant city. The 
 liistory of these were but impressive illustrations of his text. 
 The lessons, he said, taught by all these were that his hearers 
 should not inordinately love the fashions of this world, on 
 account of its evanescent character; even if permanent, the 
 things of this world could not satisfy the desires of the soul. 
 In conclusion he urged his hearers to be prepared to join that 
 all-embracing jirocession which is wending its way to that 
 ever-abiding city that hath foundations whose builder and 
 maker is God. 
 
 A Te Deum was sung in all the Catholic churches of Balti- 
 more on the same Sabbath, as requested by the Archbishop in 
 the circular read in the churches the preceding Sunday. A 
 song of praise and thanksgiving for so many years of pros- 
 perity was not an inappropriate feature in the celebration of 
 the one hundred and fiftieth year of the city. The services 
 began at 7:30 p. jr. with solemn vespers, and closed with the 
 benediction of the blessed sacrament, during which the Te 
 Deum Laudamus was sung. In the majority of the churches 
 the Te Deum was sung by the choir alone, but in the German 
 Catholic churches the congregation joined in the song of 
 praise, the melody of so many voices of men, women and 
 children pealing among the groined arches with a grand and 
 solemn eflfect. The Archbishop was present at the Cathedral. 
 The music was rendered by the ordinary choir and the Grego- 
 rian choir also, and AA'as worthy of tlie occasion. The soprano 
 solo, Laudate Domino, was one of the finest features. At tlie 
 Immaculate Conception Church a violoncello accompaniment 
 added its attractions. In nearly all the Catholic churches tlie 
 Te Deum was sung at the benediction between the O! Salu- 
 taris and the Tantuni Ergo. The congregations at all the 
 churches were large. 
 
240 MKMUUIAL VOLL.ME 
 
 It will Ije uiiflorstood, of cnurso, tliiit tliis detail of iicwspaiJer 
 and also tlieological conKi"^tulatioii, lias Leen selectod by the 
 editor, as was the case witli inmiiaerable other matters, he 
 will not say liap-hazard, for that would be to confess himself 
 guilty of neglitrence, but certainly without the consciousness 
 of discrimination, out of such a body of material as it was 
 impossible to winnow effectively, and on the principle uf 
 " first come fii'st served." 
 
 A few figures, in eveiy case within the mark, may be useful 
 to remember in connection with this great celebration. The 
 population of Baltimore, as ascertained by the census of 1S80, 
 was 332,190. The number of visitors to the city, so far as 
 they could be ascertained by the returns made by the different 
 railroad, steamboat and other routes, between October 11th 
 and October lf)th, inclusive, was 328,000. The population of 
 the city, when we allow for shortness in the returns, was thus 
 more than doubled in the course of the week, but probably 
 never during any particular twenty-four hours in the week. 
 The largest munl)er of visitors on any particular day, so far 
 as the obvious record reveals it,Avas on Tuesday, October 12th. 
 
 It is useless to go into any calculation, in money, of the 
 profits and losses of the venture, since there is no "common 
 denominator," so to speak, by Avhich ]ieople will divide, in 
 order to equalize and appreciate their conclusions. Probably 
 the whole thing might be summed up in the shortest way in 
 the words of a well-known dry-goods dealer, of excellent 
 experience, who said : " It has already done vast good, Ix^cause 
 it lias awakened the people of Baltimore to a ]iroper realiza- 
 tion of the importance of their own city." Of course, this is 
 veiy well said; but it still remains to be established whether 
 tlie people of Baltimore have not already gone to sleep again, 
 or are not liable to do so in the near future, the Sesqui- 
 Centennial Celebration to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 The entire official receipts and expenditures on account of 
 the festival, as summarized from the report made by the 
 E.xecutive Committee in their final report to the Mayor on 
 January 12th, LSSl, Avas ; 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 241 
 
 Collected $20,(iSn 85 
 
 Expended 1!),.!2(; 37 
 
 Balance in liand 1 ,357 48 
 
 Balance nncollected 200 00 
 
 It may be possible, in a brief appendix, to t^ive these figures 
 more in detail, from official returns. 
 
CHAPTER TENTH. 
 
 Tlio Iii«liistrio<> anil olii4>r Ke!<oiirct'«i oT Raliiiiioro— a Itet- 
 rospoi-l. tvilh M»iiie CilinipNeM oT llie Fiiliirc. 
 
 IT is not expectoil nor retiuired of a volinne like the present 
 one, mainly retrospect and in the nature of a chronicle, 
 that it should exhibit with any degree of exact detail all the 
 excellencies, much less all tlie promises, of such a great and 
 growing city as Baltimore. Its industries, its resources, no 
 less than its institutions and its immense funds of active or 
 endowed cliarities and benevolences, would demand a sepa- 
 rate and a very large volume to present them descriptively. 
 It i.s still permissible to sketch, in a brief and, ko to speak, 
 skeletonized form, some leading circumstances of the city's 
 re.-^ources, with considerations upon their apparent bearings 
 as respect"? tlie future. Obviously it is more easy to take up 
 and treat such large subjects in a large and general way than 
 to minimize them for observation under the microscope. 
 Neither time nor space, however, are at the present editor's 
 command to accomplish so broad a design or to perfect so 
 minute an execution. He still hopes to give many new facts, 
 to offer some valuable suggestions, and to point out the way, 
 to those who may follow his footsteps in this province, to do 
 serviceable work for the benefit of a generous community. 
 
 When we speak of "the resources" of a city, it is apparent 
 that a very broad term is used, and more than that, a very 
 indefinite one. It may mean nothing in particular; it may 
 mean everything in general; but probably the consciencious 
 compiler will have sufficient intelligence to shape out a 
 notion of his own and enough knowledge and sense of duty to 
 present that notion in definite and illustmtive forms. In the 
 report made to ilayor T>atrobe from the committee on this 
 memorial volume, it was suggested that "the committee pro- 
 pose then to include in the history of the celebration a brief 
 
 (2«) 
 
MEMORIAL TOLIIME. 243 
 
 sketch of the history of Baltimore, with an account of its 
 municipal government, its comnaerce, (foreign and domestic,) 
 its manufactures, its industries of every descrii^tion, its insti- 
 tutions — educational, scientific and ai'tistic,— in fine, without 
 going more into detail, to present, along with the events of 
 the celebration, a picture of the past and present of the city, 
 as a memorial of an epoch in its existence." 
 
 In the little antecedent sketch* of the city's history, the 
 facts and conclusions embodied in the orations given subse- 
 quently, have been, as far as could be done, held back from 
 repetition. The city's government and "institutions," whether 
 of municipal or individual origin, will be touched upon in the 
 chapter succeeding the present one. In the chapter now in 
 hand an attempt will be made to give some illustration of our 
 "resources." As has been said, the word is indefinite. It 
 may mean present wealth or command of temporary expe- 
 dients; it may mean not simply the natural and stored-up 
 wealth derived from present control of productive activities, 
 but also what an energetic people have proved themselves 
 capable of eliciting from application of accumulated capital 
 to the steadfast development of great natural facilities. 
 
 Take an instance or two : Ninety years ago, Baltimore, with 
 a good and Avide-extended foreign trade, happened, also, in 
 consequence of its position on the Chesapeake Bay, to be the 
 nearest commercial trading point for the millers on the Gen- 
 esee, the pioneei's on the Ohio and the pioneers in Kentucky, 
 Tennessee and North Carolina. Here was a case in which, if 
 the country wished to develop its own resources in the 
 cheapest and readiest manner, it was satisfied it could do so 
 by developing incidentally the resources of Baltimore at the 
 same time. A great turnpike road system was inaugurated, 
 in which the United States did their part and the State of 
 Maryland certainly did its part. If, by any accident, it should 
 become a proper measure of national policy for the Federal 
 Government to help to cheapen the rates of transportation of 
 grain to Europe, it might become expedient to shorten and 
 cheapen the route from Chicago to Liverpool via Baltimore, 
 or that from St. I^ouis to Liverpool via New Orleans, or, per- 
 
 * Chapter First. 
 
244 MEMORIAL VOI.UMK. 
 
 hanf^, ))()tli of tliem. In the fonnor rase Concress would, as 
 we think it sliould, ^ive Haltiniore and the twenty-five States 
 back of it the Chesapeake and Delaware Ship Canal. In the 
 other ease Conj^ress wouhl iinj)rove the levees and the passes 
 of the ^Mississippi and i)roniote the construction of a Florida 
 Ship Canal. These are cases where rontintrent advantatres to 
 the special i)ii])lic become constructive liabilities of the gen- 
 eral government. They are not always actual resources, but 
 always contingent and possible ones. 
 
 It was an actual resource of lialtimore, one hundred years 
 ago, tliat Jones' Falls was where it is. It was another, per- 
 haps, that the original growth of the city proceeded out of 
 the transference to its docks and snug harbor, of the land- 
 transport demands of the West concurrently with the acquired 
 .sea-faring habits of the schooner-building i)eople "down the 
 bay." 
 
 It is not the plan of this book to introduce any "far- 
 fetched " notions into it. Its object is to preserve and chron- 
 icle only indigenous, " seasoned " and well-cured ideas. "Were 
 it not for such restrictions it could perhaps be shown that our 
 existing "Corn Fxchange," the liveliest and most active of all 
 and any of the commercial organizations of Baltimore, found 
 its original in the old so-called "exchange" on Plowman 
 street, and that the latter mart, as it came into existence with 
 all its original imjjerfections on its head, was no more at one 
 time than a meeting between Franklin and Howard streets, 
 Baltimore street and Gay street teamsters, and the shipping 
 clerks, buyers and agents of the old Fell's Point ocean trans- 
 port firms, who bought everything that was salable ; had a 
 market for pretty much all that was producible; bargained 
 like merchants of Hamburg, and lived like lords of England. 
 In the beginning of this war of the movers of other people's 
 products, the old ship-owners, who had those fine old man- 
 sions on Exeter, High, Front, Frederick, Gay, Philpot, Thames, 
 Block, Gough, Fell, Aliceanna, Lancaster, "Wilkes, Eden, Shak- 
 speare, Spring, Gough and some other streets which could be 
 named, " ruled the roast," because they had the best part of 
 the bargain. Commerce paid more than land transportation ; 
 the wagoner was worthy of his hire, to be sure, but still he 
 
HIEMOHIAL VOLUME. 
 
 245 
 
 broufrlit moro tliaii the ships could carry away, and had to 
 wait tlie ship-master's pleasure.* The historic facts con- 
 nected with the relations between and the antagonisms of the 
 owners of the mansions east of and adjacent to the falls and 
 the merchants who have since become prominent west of 
 them, has not yet been written. It cannot be written here, 
 although it seems to involve much of the secret of the change 
 in Baltimore's commerce from that of a city of production 
 and direct trade into that of a city possessing a substantial 
 foreign commerce, in conjunction with extraordinary means 
 of cheap transportation to the seaboard, of the products of the 
 means of " the interior," more or less remote. 
 
 ■This history, however, should have no place here, since this 
 volume deals only with admitted and generally known facts, 
 and necessarily has no room or place for controversy. Let us 
 proceed therefore to the indisputable. 
 
 ' In a letter addressed to the Municipal Commission on Man- . 
 ufactures in 1877, Professor W. G. Sumner, of Yale College, 
 said : " Your city of Baltimore has a reason for existing. It 
 was not built because somebody arbitrarily decided that he 
 would bring together a mass of people at that spot rather 
 than some other ten miles away. It grew up because the 
 population of a large district had certain wants which could 
 only be satisfied by commerce. They, therefore, sought a con- 
 venient seaport, and they built the city where nature offered 
 the greatest conveniences for the port. In the process of time 
 you have come to be a port for an immense territory behind 
 you, and you have come into competition with all the other 
 Atlantic ports. Each one has its advantages and its disad- 
 vantages, and in this competition all that you can do legiti- 
 mately is to develop your advantages, and counteract your 
 disadvantages. In the first place, therefore, you need to 
 examine these natural conditions as carefully as possible, and 
 to see to it that the means you employ are truly adjusted to 
 your circumstances. I think that you will need to be careful, 
 fm-thermore, that the measui-es you take, even if legitimate in 
 
 *Thi8 fact ought not to be Itft out of the account by any one who wishes to 
 treat Baltimore's " natural advantages." Trade comes here still, as it always has 
 come from the first, much more rapidly than it can be provided for. 
 
246 MEMORIAL VDlAMi:, 
 
 form, are ccoiioiiiically sound. 1 irinemljer that Ilezeliiah 
 Niles, who used to publish his Register in your city, was a 
 fanatical advocate of 'public improvements,' and that he 
 advocated a great many i)rojects and methods which were 
 economically unsound. I believe that there is one test with- 
 out which no project should be entertained at all, and that is : 
 Will it pay? This is to be applied to all projects for rail- 
 roads, canals, docks, etc., etc. If they will pay, private capi- 
 tal will not let public corporations take them in hand. If 
 they will not pay, i)ublic corporations ought not to undertake 
 them, for, if they do, they will find that they have only fur- 
 nished the capital and taken the risk while private indi- 
 viduals reap all the gains of construction and management. 
 If we examine tlie history of any of our worst governed cities, 
 we shall find that there have been loud boasts of enterprise 
 and public spirit, grand ideals of what a city ought to be, but 
 the execution of the works proposed has been in the hands of 
 selfish and interested parties, and all the public spirit has 
 borne the character of a cloak for selfish schemes. If, then, 
 we can remove the obstacles to development which have been 
 created by ignorance, error or neglect, and can create such 
 conditions of prosperity as are general in their character, 
 without extravagance, the city will simply grow up to the 
 best it is capable of, and with that we shall have to be con- 
 tent. I suppose no one would believe it wise to build an arti- 
 ficial port, like Liverpool, on our Atlantic coast in competition 
 with the grand natural harbors. It cannot be any wiser to 
 exi^eud capital in other improvements in order to draw popu- 
 lation and business out of the easiest and most profitable 
 situations. It is only bringing capital into competition with 
 nature, wliich is sure to be disastrous to capital. All schemes 
 of this kind which I have studied, have seemed to me to come 
 imder these types : 1 . Tliey try to get out of the field more 
 hay than the grass there is in it. 2. They are like paying a 
 man §1.25 to make a transaction with you, out of which your 
 profit is $1.00. 3. They lay a burden on the community to 
 create circumstances out of which a few make a gain. It 
 ought never to be forgotten in discussions of this kind, that 
 each city's prosi)erity is boimd up with that of the whole 
 
MEiMOHlAL VOLUME. 247 
 
 country. The great grain trade of the United States is one of 
 the few great commercial movements which restrictive legis- 
 lation lias left us. Competition is concentrated upon it to 
 sucli a degree as to destroy the profit of it, both for the trans- 
 portation interest and the commercial interest. I suppose 
 that this is the reason why the commercial or seaport towns 
 are turning so much attention to manufactures. I could not 
 write on this subject at all without expressing my opinion 
 that all tliis is short-sighted to the last degree. We make up 
 our minds that we want just one kind of gain and want to get 
 it in just one way. We strangle all our natural resources of 
 abundance down to two or three whose circumstances defy 
 our restraints. We concentrate mercantile competition on 
 these until they are unremimerative. Then we try to find 
 some other means of employing our time and labor, and only 
 entangle ourselves niore and more in arbitrary restrictions 
 and piddling contrivances. This is pure charlatanism, and it 
 is no wonder that it comes out in childish confidence in legis- 
 lation and quack schemes of currency. Let us stop and take 
 a fresh look at the case. Is not tliis continent able to support 
 fifty millions of people in abundance ? Does it not produce 
 for little labor some of the chief objects of desire for man- 
 kind? Can we not, therefore, see right before us means of 
 employing our labor to produce goods for which mankind 
 will give us in abundance all the good things which the earth 
 produces? Will not the production, transportation and ex- 
 cliange of these goods employ at liigh remuneration double 
 tiie population wliich we now have? Will not the division 
 and organization of labor go on as it is called for, and as it 
 becomes profitable ? Is there any need of all this scheming 
 and planning to find out how to use what we need only pick 
 ujD and use ? If the patient has been bled and dosed and tor- 
 mented by quacks of every school, it seems plain enough that 
 the only hope is to let him alone and the recuperative force 
 of nature will give him back as much health and life as he 
 could well have. For any commercial city the interest at 
 stake in freeing commerce is plain and direct." 
 
 All this comes straight home to us. Baltimore is a natural 
 seaport, the natural centre of an ever-widening field of inter- 
 
248 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 mil transportation, tlie focus of a tributary district which 
 ought to yield increasing products and large sources of 
 wealth, at least in proportion as the country grows. Xatur.il 
 advantages, quality and texture of poi)ulations derived fi-oni 
 these and from the political discriminations touched njion 
 above, splendid interior lines of transportation, giving us 
 Napoleonic resources in the battle of rival city with city — 
 instinctive commeice, in a word, fed by instinctively-attracted 
 inland trade, and i-upplemented by good government and such 
 manufactures as the genius of the site fosters — this is the 
 summary of Baltimore's material resources. The exhibits of 
 the trade reports, the census tables and of all our statistical 
 expositions, confirm, interpret and develop this view of the 
 case. All tend to show that that "splendid imperial destiny" 
 which the New York Herald wished for Baltimore is the 
 city's to grasp if the people will only rise to the full height 
 of its superb advantages. 
 
 Let us look into these advantages and these resources a 
 little more in detail. In the report of the Commission on 
 Manufactures, which has been quoted from above, it was 
 established upon evidence the present writer knows to be 
 sufiicient, that the average iirice of the best steamer and man- 
 ufacturing coal is lower in Baltimore than in any other Atlan- 
 tic seaboard city. It was shown that the costs of living for a 
 wage-earning iiopulation was cheaper also tlian in any of our 
 large cities; that water, for manufacturing and all other pur- 
 poses, is cheaper than elsewliere, and that this city possesses 
 or has access to, in unstinted volume and at the minimmn of 
 cheapness, a major proportion of the leading raw material 
 entering into manufactures. Iron and its flux, limestone; 
 brick clay, fire-brick clay, kaolin, potter's clay, black oak 
 bark for tanning, hard woods, coopers' stuffs, superior grains 
 for all the varieties of highest priced breadstuffs, indigenous 
 tobacco — all these were comprehended in the list, and, as the 
 writer added, with more significance than he then fancied, 
 "we are nearer the centres of i)etroleuni production than 
 Philadelphia." This was imderstating the case. Until the 
 Standard Oil monopoly ac(]Uired its "right" (which only very 
 peremptory legislation can set aside) to regulate railroad 
 
MEMOUI.VL VOLUME. 249 
 
 rates, irrespective of distance, market or demand, Baltimore 
 was in a fair way to become tlie greatest petroleum market, 
 ■for it was nearer tlian any other seaboard city to all tlie 
 petroleum centres ; to tlie Bradford and the Kanawha a> well 
 as to the Oil Creek region. It is due to the disastrous, impe- 
 rious, selfish and unwarrantable discriminations of monopoly, 
 and by no means to any natural course of trade, that the petro- 
 leum exports of Baltimore, which in 1877 rose to 44,SGl,yG7 
 gallons, should have declined to their present minimum, 
 histead of continuing to rise in the same proportions. In 
 1879-'SO, when the Bradford producers still dreamed of coji- 
 tending with the Standard monopoly, it was to Baltimore 
 that they naturally looked, offering to om- capitalists, if they 
 would contribute pro rata, the practical control, by means of 
 a pipe line along natural flow routes to the cheapest focus of 
 delivery, of an export of 350,000,000 gallons per annum of 
 an indispensable product, which can be cheapest refined at 
 the port of export. The proposition was considered and— 
 declined. 
 
 In this report of 1877 it was further noted that, "in luml>er, 
 Baltimore is the meeting-point of the Susquehanna hemlock, 
 the Carolina yellow pine and cypress, tlie West Virginia 
 poplar and hickory, and the West Indian and Central Amer- 
 ican hard wcjods and veneering materials; the Chesapeake 
 and its shores are the original beginning place of the canning 
 business in oysters, vegetables and fruits; we are five hundred 
 miles nearer than Boston is to the gi-eat cotton marts; we 
 have slate, clu-omic iron ore, granite, emeiy, steatite, flake 
 mica and fine building marble all in our immediate vicinity, 
 &c." The point of natural resources in all this is too obvious 
 to need indicating. 
 
 Look for a moment at another resource of Baltimore whicli 
 can never be reduced in value except through the nullifying 
 inaction of its own citizens. The supremacy which is aimed 
 at by New York in the grain trade, through the Erie Canal, is 
 forced to encounter an annual closure of that canal, by frost, 
 averaging 140 days in every year of 3G5 days. The average 
 closure of navigation which INIontreal can never overcome is 
 equal to five months in each vear— 155 days, say, out of 3G5. 
 
250 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 The mcflium of these is 147.5 clays, in which Baltimore need 
 not trouble itself about tlie competition of New York and 
 ^lontreal and Boston — in wliicli, in other words, the railroad 
 lines to Baltimore ran, if they please, deliver gi-ain freight 
 in Liverpool with all the advantage.s of shorter distance to 
 points in the West proved, demonstrated, and, if ci-AnrKD, 
 ALLOWEP. This average period is 40.4 iier cent, of the actual 
 year, and much more than that of the so-called "grain year." 
 The writer is not aware whether this part of the question of 
 disc'rinunation lias ever been presented to Mr. Bailroad Com- 
 missioner Albert Fink, or not. Before it is presented author- 
 itatively, however, our grain merchants in Baltimore, or else 
 our municii)al authorities, iimst be able, by means of compe- 
 tent iceboats, competently managed, to give adequate assur- 
 ance that the harbor, and subsequently the Chesapeake and 
 Delaware! Ship Canal, (when that is constructed,) shall be 
 piuctically kept open the whole j'ear round. When we recol- 
 lect that New York harbor is, on the average, closed from ten 
 to twelve days in the year, by ice, tides, storms or what ni7t, 
 and that tlie average annual clo.sure of Baltimore harbor and 
 the Choptank does not exceed fifteen days a year, tlie pledge 
 would seem easy to make and to keep. 
 
 Now, turning to New Orleans, th(» rival seems to be no moi*e 
 a man of buckram. It cannot b(> doul)ted nor disputed that 
 as soon as the terminal facilities which this city needs, and 
 the intermediate river improvement's (such as leveeing, &v.) 
 which are e<iually indispensable, have been accomplished, 
 (and if nothing interferes, they will be at least provided for 
 during the existing Federal administration,) New Orleans will 
 be in a position to beccnne the chwipest port in the United 
 States for shipping grain to Furojie. But here agiiin r>iilti- 
 morc is exceptionally favored. For at least four months in 
 the year — 120 days, from the middle of June to the middle of 
 October — New Orleans is as much fever-bound as New York 
 and the St. Lawrence are ice-bound. If Mr. Waring's new 
 sanitary measures could ever be completed, or accomplish the 
 effect expected of them, we should abandon the dilemma upon 
 this horn of it. But it seems to be impossible to make New 
 Orleans as salubrious a city as Baltimore ought to be mider 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 251 
 
 all circumstances, and it is therefore wortli dwelling' upon. 
 Baltimore has, upon the presumption of 120 days sickly- 
 season for the average of New Orleans, an advantage not at 
 present recoverable from it, of 30 per cent, over the cheap 
 rates which Xew Orleans can and will offer. These may not 
 win, but undoubtedly they give our city opportunities for the 
 final competition with the Mississippi for the control of the 
 grain trade, which no other city ought to be able to offer. 
 
 It must be remembered that this contest, when it comes, 
 (and assuming that it has not begun already,) is one between 
 the cities alone. The railroads have nothing to do with it. 
 It may indeed suit some of the Xorth and South roads to con- 
 tend for business which they know perfectly well in advance 
 the rivers will carry cheaper; but as to the East and AA'est 
 roads, to take an example which comes home to us, it practi- 
 cally makes lao difference, so long as the transportation service 
 is maintained, whether the Ohio and Mississippi delivers 
 west-bound freight at East St. Louis aboard barges bound to 
 New Orleans, or west-bound freight at Locust Point elevators 
 for Liverpool. Freight is freight ; transportation is transpor- 
 tation, and that ]\Ir. Albert Fink will tell us, and Xew York 
 and Philadelphia and Boston, quickly enough, when the time 
 comes. In a word, it is the business of railroad corporations 
 to make money for their stockholders. It is the business, at 
 the same time, of municipal incorporations, to look after the 
 interests' of their own communities. 
 
 A striking proof of Baltimore's permanence in the line of 
 great cities, of its value, in other words, both to itself and to 
 the world as a port of commerce and a centre of internal 
 transportation, which our own citizens appreciate as much as 
 foreign traders, is to be found in the steady progress and 
 advance of population. The New York Herald did not go at 
 all amiss in seizing the key-note of the last year's festival. 
 Baltimore, already New York's impending rival, is actually 
 the junior city of any of the large ones which flourish upon 
 our Atlantic seaboard. In no place do people quarrel so much 
 with the apparently slow ratio of increase of population. Yet 
 its rates ought to be satisfactory even to an immigrant from 
 Chicago or Kansas City. The population of Baltimore in 1 7,30 
 
252 JrEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 was, as we have seen, only 43; in 1752 it was 200; in 1774 it 
 liad risen to about 5,000; in 177G, by actual count, 6,755; in 
 1782, «,000; in 1790 it was 13,503; in ISOU, 2G,114, (very nearly 
 doublinjr); in ISIU it was 35,583; in 1820, 62,738; in 1830, 
 80,025; in 1840, 102,313; in 1850, 169,054; in 1860, 212,418; in 
 1870, 267,599; in 18S0 it is 332,190. Taking the aterage of the 
 decennial increase in the city's population since the first 
 census in 1790, and we find that its rate of growth from the 
 date of its iucoriwration has been about Al per cent, per 
 annum, (44.7 per cent, for the decennial period.) From 1840 
 to 1850 the increase was 67 per cent.; from 1790 to 1800 it was 
 97 per cent.; from 1810 to 1820 it was 73 per cent. Between 
 1870 and 1880 the increase was (nominally) only 24 per cent., 
 but really much more, for we have been populating Baltimore 
 county and sending our workers to live at way stations on 
 every railroad that runs into the city. With its true limits 
 recognized, Baltimore, if it should maintain its average rate 
 of increase, will in 1890 have 550,000 inhabitants, and in 1900 
 its iKipulation will reach 800,000. These are not guess-work 
 figures, 1)ut aocui-ate projections of the well-known rules for 
 estimating the growth of iiopulation. Nothing but pestilence 
 or bitter and prolonged disaster can retard this rate of growth. 
 Tlie growth of proi^erty has been still more rapid and, 
 indeed, amazing, ^^'hile population, between 1730 and 1880, 
 has e-vpan/led 7,600 times, property has expanded 95,000 
 times, by the most moderate estimates. In 1774, Baltimore 
 paid about .?26,000 in poll taxes to the proprietary govern- 
 ment, making, with feudal rents and fees, a taxation of at 
 least ?.30,()00. Assuming that this taxation was equal (and 
 the estimate is a moderate one) to 2 i>er cent, upon actual 
 values, and the property of the town at that date would be 
 §1,500,000. In 1785 the assessment for town and county was 
 on the basis of i:lJOO,000, equal to about §4,500,000. The 
 city's share in this was about §1,000,000, representing an 
 actual value in real and pei-sonal i)roperty of §4,000,000, the 
 assessments being about one-fourth of real values. In 179.S 
 the basis of assessment of the newly incoriiorated city was 
 put at §2,240,000. The revenue that year was §32,865; the 
 previous year only §14,412. In 1798, in other words, taxes 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME 
 
 253 
 
 were higlier than now, being, on assessed values, ^1.50 per 
 |100. In 1808 the basis of assessment, reduced to dollars, was 
 ^2 522,870, (obviously very low,) and the revenue $53,731— over 
 $2 on the $100, or 2 per cent. In 1813 the assessment basis 
 was $3 325,848, revenue |90,000. In 1829 the assessment basis 
 was 13,424,240, and taxes $314,288, equal to 10 per cent on 
 assessed values, which, however, were less than one-fltth the 
 actual values. Taking these at about $17,000,000, we can 
 nnderstand that in 1839 the values were put at $55,793,3 <0; 
 in 1850 at $74,847,546, and 1860 at $138,505,765. The present 
 rate of growth of property is very rapid. The census valua- 
 tions of Baltimore property are not yet absolutely and exactly 
 attainable, but it is easy to approximate them. In 18<0 these 
 valuations were obtained, for Baltimore, by the addition of ,0 
 per cent, to assessed valuations. The value of assessed prop- 
 erty, real and personal, is given at $244,043,181. The value 
 of unassessed and exempt property is given at $loO,000,000. 
 The value of Baltimoreans' property nominally in Baltimore 
 county and there taxed is $30,000,000, to which must be added 
 $10,000,000 unassessed. These figures give the following 
 results, in round numbers: 
 
 Baltimore assessment, 1880 $244,000,000 
 
 Add 70 per cent, for real value 170,800,000 
 
 Baltimore's share in Baltimore county .... 30,000,000 
 Add 100 per cent, for real value. (This is 
 
 the county clerk's estimate) 30,000,000 
 
 Baltimore property unassessed 1.50,000,000 
 
 Baltimore county property unassessed 1 ,000,000 
 
 Actual value of Baltimore in 1880 $634£00/)00 
 
 This is only $9,000,000 less than the true census valuation 
 of all the propertv in ^laryland in 1870; it is $223,000,000 
 more than the true valuation of Baltimore city and county 
 in 1870. It shows that the increase of property has been 60 
 per cent since 1870, a rate which is two and one-half times 
 more rapid than the apparent rate of increase of population. 
 \ctually this growth has been in still greater proportion, 
 since valuations in 1870 were upon an inflated ciu-rency basis. 
 
254 MEMoPilAI, VOI.r.ME. 
 
 before the decline in prices, and they are conipnted in jiard 
 money. 
 
 Some aggregates and particnlars may here be given of IJal- 
 timore'.s trade and commerce: 
 
 Bcsn. 
 
 Receipts of grain for ISSO 59,722,872 
 
 " " 1870 8,522,228 
 
 Increase for ten years — equal to GOO per cent. 51,200,0-14 
 
 Receipts of wlieat have quintupled since 1876 ; those of corn 
 have doubled. Exports of flour and grain from Baltimore 
 have risen from 11,411,029 bushels in 1875 to 50,987,711 in 
 1880 — an increase of 450 per cent. The increase at Xew York 
 in the same interval has only been 120 per cent. Exports of 
 ■wheat (by monthly returns) for 1880, 33,768,985 bushels; corn, 
 14,686,908 bushels; oats, 19,825 bushels; flour, (in sacks,) 
 120,970; flour, (in barrels,) 400,947; com meal, barrels, 6,566; 
 barley, sacks, 250; bread, barrels, 18,225; bread, packages, 221 ; 
 cheese, pounds, 640,602; butter, 244,357 pounds; lard, 34,797,- 
 502 pounds; lard oil, 113,052 gallons; ham.s, 2,003,352 pounds; 
 timber, 2,214 logs; lumber, 8,251,000 feet; shooks and heads, 
 100,811; staves, 797,000; hoops, 2,836,000 ; petroleum, gallons, 
 refined, 18,986,003; petroleum, crude, gallons, 517,904; lubri- 
 cating, 249,556 gallons ; naptha, gallons, 283,592 ; clover and 
 timothy seed, bags, 4,005 ; clover and timothy seed, bushels, 
 3,392 ; hominy and grits, barrels, 5,569 ; canned goods, cases, 
 25,995; dried apples, barrels, 1,131; extr. bark, barrels and 
 hogsheads, 25; extr. bark, boxes, 8,102; bark, hogsheads, 00; 
 bark, casks, 403 ; bark, bags, 70,293 ; shingles, number, 030,000 ; 
 tree-nails, 47,033 ; tobacco, leaf, hogsheads, 48,352 ; tobacco, 
 seroons, 488 ; tobacco, stems, hogsheads, 5,522 ; tobacco, leaf, 
 cases, 2,437; tobacco, manufactured, pounds, 357,782; tallow, 
 pounds, 3,084,549 ; grease, pounds, 17,150; oil-cake, sacks and 
 bags, 19,774; rice, bags, 391 ; cotton, bales, 148,030; glassware, 
 packages, 1,049; paper, reams, 14,040; leather, rolls, 73; hair, 
 bales, 1,478; bristles, boxes, 624; beef, barrels, 2,634; bacon, 
 pounds, 26,555,038 ; pork, barrels, 4,348 ; jiork, packages, 820 ; 
 rosin, barrels, 13,796; coal, tons, 44,885; oilmeal, packages, 
 1,548; oil meal, jiounds, 233,567; candles, pounds, 20,462; 
 
ME^[()i;iAL VOLUME. 255 
 
 bncKs, numbering 24,000; cattle, 10,771; slieep, 2,984; liorses, 
 72; mules, 121; liogs, 1,080; syrup, hogsheads, 99; coffee, 
 bags, 474; bran, bushels, 8,424; peas, bushels, 13,215; acid, 
 carboys, 1,484; glue stock, packages, 22; apples, barrels, 542; 
 potatoes, bushels, 8,847; nails, kegs, 4; matches, cases, 812; 
 empty tierces, 336; empty hogsheads, 3,850; fish, barrels, 186; 
 fish, boxes, 1,335; empty barrels, 839; tongue, pounds, 179,360; 
 alcohol, barrels, 822; beans, bushels, 211 ; potash, casks, 1,625; 
 sassafras roots, tons, 135; ironware, pieces, 2,125; cotton duck, 
 bales, 626; laths, 4,200; cattle hoofs, bags, 702; soaps, tubs 
 and l)oxes, 607; sugar, barrels, 350; oatmeal, bags, 23,542; 
 hickory blocks, number, 78,041 ; hops, bales, 2 ; salt, in sacks, 
 104; residuum, gallons, 570,500. 
 
 Imports, according to Custom House monthly returns, at 
 Baltimore in 1880 : pumice-stone, crates, 50 ; carbolic acid, 
 cases, 85; soap, cases, 1,193; skins, bales, 117; iron, scrap and 
 Spiegel, 18,160 tons; steel, tons, 4,918 ; brass, pounds, 27,638; 
 prunes, cases, 2,103; iron, bundles, 52,586; cement, casks and 
 barrels, 5,454 ; grape fruit, number, 834 ; limes, barrels, 75 ; hay, 
 bales, 120; soda, nitrate, bags, 5,442; rails, 19,461; cocoanuts, 
 bags, 6,326; railway iron, tons, 34,759; old rails, pieces, 66,728; 
 currants, barrels, 1,000; raisins, boxes, 24,214; cattle, heads, 
 111; hair, bales, 240; bone ash, tons, 2,635; dry bones, tons, 
 2,049 ; clay, raw and bm-nt, cases, 3,710 ; sheep, 41 head ; iron 
 ore, tons, 168,656; conch shells, 6,577,000; cotton ties, bundles, 
 20,763; drugs, bales, 112; grapes, barrels, 1,510; vinegar, casks, 
 2,870; pickles, casks, 200; mineral water, cases and packages, 
 11,684; potatoes, bushels, 11,156; horns, 8,500; fruit, boxes, 
 2,607; lumber, 212,000 feet; copper, bars, 5,868; chemicals, 
 cases, 30,321 ; gas-strips, 15,592; fish, barrels, 1,446; brimstone, 
 tons, 3,142; earthenware, packages, 3,319; marble blocks, 957; 
 Dundee, bales, 136 ; India rubber, pounds, 2,932; oil, cases, 200; 
 rice in bags, 714; sumac, bags, 2,316; molasses, hogsheads, 
 12,046; molasses, puncheons, 4,273; molasses, tierces, 997; 
 molasses, barrels, 149; coffee, bags, 429,520; guano, tons, 3,407; 
 phosphate, tons, 1,491; kainit, &c., tons, 19,759; kainit, in sacks, 
 44,046 ; sugar, tierces, 208 ; sugar, hogsheads, 5,328 ; sugar, 
 barrels, 302; sugar, bags, 16,087 ; oranges, cases, 1,017 ; oranges, 
 barrels, 2,327 : oranges, boxes. 44,788 ; oranges, number. 689,700; 
 
250 ^tEMOKI.VI, VOLUMK 
 
 ivory nuts, tons, OTit; pine-apples, cases, 4,000; i)ine-apples, 
 dozens, 65,7o2; salt, tons, 25,318; salt, sarks, 113,905; salt, 
 bushels, 88,427; pig iron, tons, G5,314; bar iron, bars, 10,47G; 
 tin plates, boxes, 304,585; fire brick, number, 88,000; coal, 
 tons, 1(J; plaster, tons, 12,820; laths, 8,024,000 ; lemons, boxes, 
 17,483; cocoanuts, 2,770,000; bananas, bunches, 58,521; sul- 
 phur, tons, 10,464. 
 
 Tlie wheat coniinir by rail to Baltimore which received 
 inspection in 1880 amounted to an aggregate of 64,768 car 
 loads, of wliich 52,818 loads were classed as "No. 2 Red 
 Amber. " This is 81 per cent, of one single variety of wheat. 
 The grade of "steamer wheat" only aggregated 4,247 car 
 loads, or 6 per cent., while that which was totally rejected, 
 844 car loads, was only 1.3 per cent, of the whole. The corn 
 inspected in the same time was 26,314 car loads, of which 
 22,24!) was graded as " mixed," or white and yellow together. 
 
 The distillers in Baltimore produced, in 1880, 43,201 pack- 
 ages, yielding 1,836,890 proof gallons of high wines; also, 951 
 packages, containing 42,850 proof gallons of fruit brandy; 
 there was at the same time received from Western distillers 
 about 50,000 barrels of high wines, yielding about 2,250,000 
 gallons. The jirice, averaging $1.1 4^ per jiroof gallon, repre- 
 sents first sales of over §9,000,000, and a retail package trade 
 of at least $20,000,000, not to speak at all of the retailing by 
 single drink. 
 
 The Baltimore live stock market for ISSO shows roreiiits of 
 139,795 beeves, 241,598 sheep and lambs and 335,807 hogs, a 
 total of 717,200 head of stock. The sale of beeves during the 
 weeks ending October 12th and October 19th aggregated 
 12,384 head, against 7,997 for the week preceding and succeed- 
 ing. This would indicate an increase of population averaging 
 about 57^ per cent, for the fortnight. 
 
 Some mention has been already made of the management 
 of the Standard Oil Company, by the crude but efi'cctive con- 
 trivances of which the exports of refined oil from Baltimore, 
 which in 1878 were 37,712,900 gallons, fell to 23,322,482 gallons 
 in 1879, and to 14,781,980 gallons in 1880. This business is so 
 clo.sely and carefully regulated by tlie ]iowerful monopoly 
 wliich controls it, that it has no future but at sellers' option, 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME 257 
 
 and it is practically out of tlie line of legitimate trade. In 
 1878 ships came to Baltimore for cargoes of refined petroleum 
 from fifty-seven leading seaports of the world. They still 
 came in 1879, but could get no oil. In 1880 they came no 
 more. The "Standard" owned all our refineries; it encour- 
 aged them to produce all they could, but took care they 
 should dispose of none, except occasionally, with its leave, 
 and when it could not do elsewhere the business it aimed 
 to establish. 
 
 The Corn Exchange reports encourage our meirhants on 
 Exchange Place to believe it possible for them to establish a 
 good business in butter and cheese. But the Northern Cen- 
 tral and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads, while they connect 
 very closely with the Eastern and Western cheese and butter 
 regions, do not yet possess the facilities for regular trans- 
 atlantic steam-shipping, which are absolutely necessary for the 
 l>ermanent, profitable development of this trade. In respect 
 to cotton, better things seem to be approaching. Baltimoi"e 
 should command a large cotton trade, and together with that 
 the exterior and interior commerce also which those things 
 control. An increasing amount of cotton is coming hither 
 by coast routes, but we need to have it come by inland routes, 
 if it is to come to the essential profit of the port. This begins 
 to be the case. The receipts for 1880 aggregate 249,981 bales, 
 against 173,252 bales in 1879. The exports for the year 
 reached 148,046 bales, against 93,765 bales in 1879. As the 
 excellent annual report of the Corn Exchange puts it : " The 
 trade in cotton at our iiort has been greatly promoted since 
 the establishment of the new and powerful compress, which is 
 believed to have no superior, and the encouragement which it 
 gives to steamers to load here ought to be appreciated." The 
 receipts per rail, which were only 9,489 bales in 1877, rose to 
 19,516 bales in 1878, 27,060 in 1879, and 32,027 in 1880. The 
 export trade was 16,747 bales in 1872; it rose to 27,410 bales 
 in 1876, and was 37,094 bales in 1877, 83,295 bales in 1878, 
 93,755 bales in 1879, and 148,046 bales in 1880. As to fish, 
 tobacco, petroleum, provisions, naval stores, sugar and mo- 
 lasses, enough has been said. Our elevators have already a 
 
258 MEMORIAL Volume. 
 
 storafre capacity of 4,000,000 bushels, soon to bo larsrely in- 
 creased. 
 
 The commeiro of Baltimore with the interior of tlie country, 
 receipts and shijinients dm-intr the year 1880, as calculated in 
 pounds by the Ikiltiinore and Ohio Kailroad and the North- 
 ern Centml, is very large. The receipts in the course of the 
 year by the former road aggregate 4,972,186,902 pounds; by 
 the latter road 2,9:38,038,;")]4 pounds. The shipments over the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad aggregate 1,304,127,904 pounds; 
 over the Northei-n Central Railroad 700,001, 7o4 pounds. To 
 these must be added 10 per cent, for goods received and 
 shipped by other roads and routes, and we will have — 
 
 1880— Receipts by Baltimore and Ohio 4,972,186,962 lbs. 
 
 " by Northern Central 2,938,038,514 " 
 
 " by other routes ,. 790,000,000 " 
 
 1880 — Shipments by Baltimore and Ohio. .. 1,304,127,904 " 
 
 " by Xorthern Central 700,001, 7.')4 " 
 
 " by other routes 200,000,000 " 
 
 Total inland trade 10,904,355,194 " 
 
 Equal to 5,452,178 tons per annum. 
 
 To transport so much of these receipts and shipments as 
 went to foreign countries, our port in 1880 showed a total of 
 vessels entering from foreign ports amounting to 1,320,991 
 tons, clearing to foreign ports 1,429,385 tons. The increase of 
 the volume of business, whenever it can be made visible, 
 seems to be in proportion to the above enormous aggregates. 
 Thus, our foreign trade has grown from §50,934,859 in 1875 to 
 §83,523,408 in 1879, an increase of 40 per cent. In 1870 our 
 foreign trade was §-34,042,941, so that its growth in nine yeara 
 has been 140 per ceTit., or 141 per cent, a year. In the couree 
 of the decade, immigration by way of this port has increased 
 116 per cent. In 1873 Baltimore exported 1,651,411 bushels of 
 wheat; in 1879, 33,507,718 bushels— an increase of 1900 per 
 cent. In 1873 the exports of corn were 5,869,519 bushels; in 
 1879 they were 19,000,000 bushels— an increase of 325 per 
 cent. The receipts of flour and grain show the same rapid 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 259 
 
 increase. In 1874 the aggregate in bushels was 24,971, 42G ; in 
 1879, 06,822,083— an increment of 41,850,657 bushels, or 168 
 per cent., in six years. In 1870 there were 604 vessels, aggre- 
 gating 246,569 tons, cleared from Baltimore for foreign coun- 
 tries; in 1879 there were 1814 vessels, 1,481,971 tons cleared — 
 an increase of 460 per cent. 
 
 These are some of the ratios of increase where the figures 
 are known. We can apply them to other industries where the 
 statistics are not accessible, making iiroper reductions where 
 they seem to be called for. The result justifies the conclusion 
 that the general industrial growth of Baltimore since 1870, 
 while not so rapid as its growth in commerce and commercial 
 resources, (which averages about 200 per cent.) has been much 
 greater than the apparent growth of population, and has prob- 
 ably equalled the rate of growth of property — that is to say, 
 has been 60 per cent., or at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum. 
 
 The actual industrial returns are still more remarkable 
 when Ave examine them by the light which the tenth census 
 throws upon the figures returned over to us from the ninth. 
 These industrial figures have been very hard to procure, and 
 it will be remarked that they are still not complete. They 
 have not, however, been before published in anything like so 
 jierfect a shape as here, and they are full enough, even as 
 here given, to supply all the requisite means for comparison 
 Avitli previous census data. 
 
260 
 
 51EMOHIAL VOLUSIE. 
 
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MEJIOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 263 
 
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>IEM()1{IAL VOI-UME. 
 
 265 
 
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266 
 
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 267 
 
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268 MEMOIUAli VOLUMI;. 
 
 These tables are, as it will at once be noticed, fuller than 
 those of previous censuses, yet they are not complete. In the 
 first place, the editor, in order the better to perfect them for 
 comparison with the census returns of 1870, has ignored sev- 
 eral interesting points about labor, average number of hands 
 emi)loyed, average number of hours, and the i-ehition of hours 
 of labor to wages. These are interesting and important socio- 
 logical data. They do not seem, however, to pertain to the 
 domain of pure industrial research, which looks rather to 
 the relations of capital, wages, cost of product and result, in 
 order to establish a middle way for cariital and labor and 
 both, as employed in the development of manufactures. 
 
 It is useful to compare the groAvth of manufactures, as far 
 as it can be done, by giving the condition of industries in 
 1870, with that condition in 1880. This can only be done 
 approximately, however, since in 1870 the returns were made 
 from Baltimore county, including the city, while in 1880, 
 although they have been made for Baltimore city alone, the 
 list is incomplete, so far as some twenty-two industries, which 
 were committed to "special experts," have not been fully 
 returned upon. It can still be shown, however, approxi- 
 mately, that the industries of Baltimore city alone, when all 
 due allowances have been made for the elimination of the 
 county's share and for the city industries not yet returned, 
 the luimbcr of estaljlishments rated in 1870 has nearly 
 doubled ; the cai)ital employed has increased over 60 per 
 cent.; the hands employed have augmented 170 per cent.; the 
 wages UO per cent. ; the cost of materials 55 per cent., and the 
 annual value of products about the same, or, in fact, still 
 more. These figures are rather surprising on the surface, but 
 they should not astonish any one when the real measure of 
 Baltimore's growth during the decade is taken into the 
 account. Baltimore does one of the largest businesses in 
 agricultural implements, in fertilizers and in clothing. Its 
 foreign trade in breadstufFs and provisions is enormous, and it 
 has not yet lost by a gi-eat deal that controlling trade in flour 
 in which it was at one time supreme the world over. Its 
 proximity to Jones' and Gwynn's Falls, to the Gunpowder and 
 the IMonocacy, has never been overcome as an industrial fact. 
 
MEJIOKIAL VOLOTIE. 
 
 269 
 
 and until tliis is finally done all talk of the flour empire 
 being transferred to tlie James, the Ohio, the Missouri or 
 upper Mississippi would seem to be idle. 
 
 Look at and consider the table of distances which we give 
 here below : 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES BY RAILWAY FROM BALTIMORE TO 
 
 Annapolis, Md 35 
 
 Boston, Mass 421 
 
 Charleston, S. C (306 
 
 Charlottesville, Va 155 
 
 Cliicago, 111 801 
 
 Cincinnati, 580 
 
 Cleveland, 517 
 
 Columbus, 512 
 
 Culpeper, Va 107 
 
 Cumberland, Md. 1 78 
 
 Detroit, Mich G97 
 
 Frederick, Md 62 
 
 Fredericksburg, Va 108 
 
 Gettysburg, Pa 63 
 
 Gordonsville, Va 134 
 
 Hanover, Pa 46 
 
 Harper's Ferry, Va 81 
 
 Harrisburg, Pa 85 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 700 
 
 Louisville, Ky 716 
 
 Lynchburg, Va 216 
 
 ]\Ianassas, Va 72 
 
 Martinsburg, Va 100 
 
 Milwaukie, Wis 886 
 
 Montreal, Canada 586 
 
 Kashville, Tenn 900 
 
 New Orleans, La 1 ,384 
 
 New York, N. Y 185 
 
 Petersburg, Va 191 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 98 
 
 Richmond, Va 170 
 
 Sandusky, 595 
 
 Savannah, Ga 716 
 
 St. Louis, Mo 920 
 
 "NA'ashington, D. C 38 
 
 ^^'estminster, ]VId 20 
 
 Wilmington, Del 70 
 
 AVilmington, N. C. . i 406 
 
 Lancaster, Pa 80 York, Pa. 
 
 57 
 
 The situation of Pjaltimore at the head of navigation gives 
 it an average advantage of 1 75 miles over other Atlantic sea- 
 board cities in its connections with the centres of \\'estern 
 traffic. To have the full benefit of this nearness to Western 
 trade, however, Baltimore must get nearer to Europe by 
 means of the cut-off ship canal from the Patapsco across the 
 Eastern Shore peninsula to some point near the capes of the 
 Delaware. This ship canal will ultimately be built, if for no 
 other reason that 30,000,000 bushels of grain now come annu- 
 ally from all points north of the Oliio and east of Dulutli for 
 shipment via Baltimore, usually coming eastward to Buffalo 
 
270 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 before seeking to come to Baltimore by rail. The Board of 
 Trade of tliis city, in an exhaustive report on the subject, 
 embodying also a memorial to Congress, said : 
 
 "Unquestionably Congress looks upon tlie shortening and 
 cheapening of routes of transportation as works of national 
 importance, for it otherwise would not have endowed all Uw<e 
 various railroads, canals, cut-offs, and river and harbor im- 
 provements with so much money and so much land. But tlie 
 object of all tliese various grants was to cheapen transporta- 
 tion to and from the seaboard; not to and from any particular 
 and specific points on the seaboard. The railroad centre on 
 the Chesapeake happens, by means of its railroad connections, 
 to be nearer thal^ other railroad debouches on the seaboard, 
 by an average of nearly 175 miles, to the centres of collection 
 and distribution of produce in the West, Northwest and .South. 
 
 "The number of States and the diversity and volume of 
 commerce to be served by the construction of this proposed 
 cut-off, stamp it as a work of signal national importance. The 
 65,000,000 bushels of grain (and flour reduced to bushels) 
 received at Baltimore in the year 1879, the cotton, tobacco 
 and live stock, were gathered from very wide fields, all of 
 them reaching out in searck of the cheapest transportation. 
 Canada and Manitoba contributed their quotas. Western New 
 York and Pennsylvania, Virginia and AVest Virginia, Kentucky 
 and Tennessee and Georgia, North and South Carolina, Arkan- 
 sas, Kansas, Eastern Nebraska, Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, A\'is- 
 consin, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana and Ohio were 
 all glad to avail themselves of the cheap, shoi-t routes to tlie 
 Chesapeake. Klevators and produce depots at OsAvego and 
 Kochester, at A\illiamsport and Krie, at Toronto and Colling- 
 W(xk1, at Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, Detroit, Milwaukie, 
 Chicago, Duluth, St. Paul and Bismarck, Cheyenne and 
 Omaha, Kansas City and Keokuk, St. Louis and Cairo, Louis- 
 ville and Cincinnati, gathered in for our elevatoi-s and piere 
 witli incessant activity. Let those who like such problems 
 try to cipher out how many pounds of this produce were 
 shipped to our port out of sentiniental esteem for Ikltimore, 
 and liow many came hither in (piest of the cheapest possible 
 route to market. If Congress can shorten that route, from the 
 
JIEMORIAL VOLUME. 271 
 
 Mississippi to Liverpool, from 22 to 24 liours, (which is the 
 saving in time reported by Colonel Craighill as capable of 
 being effected by tlie proposed ship canal,) and lessen freights, 
 insnrance, shortage and other charges in proportion, will it 
 not in fact be building a bridge over part of the Atlantic 
 Ocean?" 
 
 At the same time Baltimore mnst get nearer to the West 
 and the South by increasing its railroad connections and facil- 
 ities and cheapening its charges. " It will not do," boldly 
 said ]\Ir. J. I. INIiddleton, last retiring President of the Corn 
 Exchange, "to rely npou onr natural and artificial advantages 
 and lull ourselves into a false security, waiting fur the trade 
 to come back to us. Our corn trade was the result of the 
 energy, skill and enterprise of our merchants, which made of 
 a provincial market the successful rival of New York; and 
 notliing but skill, energy and enterprise well and intelligently' 
 directed can restore to us the prize which seems now well 
 nigh lost." 
 
 " ^^llat Ave need in Baltimore most of all," said Mr. Middle- 
 ton, " is first to develop this througli business, even if Balti- 
 more thereby becomes only a way station on the grand line ; 
 and secondly, to make our city one of the great warehouses of 
 the seaboard. We are as yet only on the threshold of the 
 prosperity which this city is capable of enjoying, if we, her 
 business men, make a proper use of our many advantages. 
 But there must be in the future no question of adequate ele- 
 vator storage accommodation. No matter liow great the accu- 
 mulation of grain and other merchandise, our railroads must 
 be taught to remember that they have invited these precious 
 freights ; that their welfare and our welfare demands tliat the 
 Western producer and the Eastern shipper or speculator, or 
 whatever we may style the owner of this grain, should find 
 in Baltimore the amplest opportunity of holding and storing 
 at uniform and moderate charges all or any goods that he 
 may choose to bring here. We never hear that New York 
 refuses business, or confesses her inability to give storage 
 room to the West or to the world. Nor do her bxisiness men 
 ever forget themselves or their business so far as to denounce 
 the spirit of speculation as one of the deadly sins True chil- 
 
272 MEMOKIAI, VOLUME. 
 
 dreii of Miimmoii, they do all in tlioir power to eneoumi^e 
 what they recof^nlze justly to be the very vital breath of all 
 coiainercial activity ! " 
 
 In coucludiiii^ this chapter we cannot do better than employ 
 the excellent words of Mayor Latrobe, in his last annual mes- 
 sage to the City Council of ]5altlmore. "We are all inter- 
 ested," he says, "iu the advancement of the prosperity and 
 increase in the population of Baltimore. How can this be 
 materially aided? Nature has done much for the city. It 
 has contributed a healthy clinuite and a location on navigable 
 tidewater in close proximity to the great coal-fields, and 
 nearer to the Western cities than any point on the Atlantic 
 .seaboard. Private enterprise has constructed through lines 
 of double track railways to the West, and established here 
 terminal facilities for the receipt and trans-shipment of mer- 
 chandise from rail to sliipboard unequaled in the world. 
 Municipal entei-prise, assisted by liberal appropriations from 
 the United States Government, has so deepened the channels 
 to the port that any vessel wliich can enter the harbor of Xew 
 York can come np to the wharves of Baltimore. Tlie result 
 of this combination of natui-al advantages with human enter- 
 prise has already made Baltimore a great commercial city. 
 "What more does it want? Increased commerce and manu- 
 factures. The former retpiires an increased depth of water 
 in the harbor. We have made it twenty-four feet ; let us 
 make it twenty-seven feet. This, in connection with a con- 
 tinuance of the annual liberal appropriations by the City 
 Council, to be expended by the Harbor Board in deepening 
 and widening our upper channels, will, in a few years, accom- 
 plish the desired resxilt. But we want manufactures. They 
 are the life-blood of a great city. Our sister cities are all 
 offering premiums for their establishment; let us endeavor 
 to outbid them. We must have a low rate of taxation. Man- 
 ufactures will not go where taxes are excessive. This is to 
 be accomplished in .several ways : First — By an economical 
 municipal government. It is for this reason that I earnestly 
 urge upon your Honorable Body to keep the taxes do.wn. 
 The city government should be managed on strictlj'- business 
 principles luidertake nothing we cannot afford* create no 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 273 
 
 superfluous offices ; make the levy early, aud make no appro- 
 priations after tlie levy is made. Second — We can secure a 
 reduction of the tax rate by an increase in the taxable basis ; 
 this is aided by whatever advances the prosperity of the city. 
 All that is done for commerce to attract trade to the port ; all 
 done for manufactures, inducing them to come here with their 
 plant and machinery and employ operatives, Avho must build 
 houses and purchase supplies for tlieir support; all done, 
 throui;-h the judicious expenditure of only what we can afford, 
 in the way of repaving our business streets and improving the 
 outer portion of the city, thus encouraging the erection of 
 buildings for warehouses and dwellings, which are added to 
 the taxable basis, tends to accomplish this result." 
 
CHAPTER ELEVENTH. 
 
 The C'it3— lis (jiuvcriiiiiout aiul Institutions— Moral. Intel- 
 lectual, itonevolent and Kooial. 
 
 T")AI/n.M()RE was c-liartered by Act of General Assembly 
 J3 in 17'JG, under the corporate name of "The Mayor and 
 City Council of Ifeiltimore." * The city government is pro- 
 hibited from creating debt for internal improvement works 
 or otherwise, except by specific sanction of the CJeneral Assem- 
 bly, and ratification by the qualified voters at the polls. Tlie 
 Mayor is elected biennially, and has a veto power, which 
 requires a vote of three-fourths of each branch of the City 
 Council to overcome. His salary is §5,0(i() a year. City 
 Couucilmon receive §1,000 a year, each. The First Branch has 
 twenty members and the Second Branch ten membei"s. Sub- 
 ordinate officers of the city government are apjjoiiited by the 
 Mayor, by and witli the advice and consent of the City Coun- 
 cil in convention. The collector of State and city taxes is 
 appointed annually. His salary is §2,000, and he is allowed in 
 addition one per cent, of the State taxes collected Ly him. 
 His bond is §75,000. The Appeal Tax Court, comju-ising three 
 judges, receive each §1,800 a year. They appoint a clerk, 
 salary §1,600 a year, an assessor and other officers provided by 
 law. This Court is authorized to assess the property of per- 
 sons failing to make their own returns, and also to make alter- 
 ations, additions or deductions in assessments, as it may deem 
 projier. A part of the duty of the Appeal Tax Court is to 
 grant permits for the erection of buildings within the city 
 limits, without charge. 
 
 The City Register is elected biennially by the two branches 
 of the Council in convention. He has charge of the moneys 
 
 *This initial skfti'li is in pari an aluiilfiniout of a report made to the ocnsiis 
 bureau 1)V Mr. .lolin II. B. Latrobe, Chairman of the Committee on the Memorial 
 Volume, and President of the Maryland Historical Society. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 275 
 
 and securities of the corporation and is its accounting officer. 
 He gives bond in the sum of ^-^i^OOO and has a salary of $."),U00. 
 No money can be paid, however, except through a warrant of 
 the Comptroller. The Comptroller is appointed biennially 
 by the Mayor. He performs the duties indicated by his title ; 
 gives bond in the sum of $10,000, and has a salary of $3,000. 
 The Comptroller, although appointed by the Mayor, can only 
 be removed by the joint action of the C^ity Council. 
 
 The public debt of the city of Baltimore is (January 
 I, 1881) $36,092,298.06, against whicli, including a sinking 
 fund of $7,859,757.78, there are interest-bearing securities 
 of $28,099,036.02, leaving a balance of debt over and above 
 interest-bearing securities of $6,924,762.04, for which the city 
 holds unproductive assets, of more or less value, amounting 
 to $4,807,472.57, besides a large amount of real estate, in its 
 court-house, record office, city hall, jail, police stations, fire- 
 engine houses and apparatus, school-houses, almshouse, steam- 
 tugs. Marine Hospital grounds, public parks, etc. 
 
 The public debt of the city, its investments and finances 
 generally, are in charge of a board, consisting of the Mayor 
 and t^vo citizens, who are elected by the Councils in conven- 
 tion annually, and styled "the Commissioners of Finance." 
 No salary is attached to the office. 
 
 The law officers of the city government are a Counselor, at 
 a salary of $2,500 ; a Solicitor, whose salary is $4,000, and an 
 Examiner of Titles, with a salary of $3,000. 
 
 There is a City Librarian, at a salary of $1,500, with an 
 assistant, at a salary of $900. In addition to his other duties, 
 the librarian procui-es all the stationery and printed matter 
 required by the heads of the several departments. 
 
 The Board of Police Commissioners of the city of Balti- 
 more hold their offices for six years. The Commissioners are 
 elected by the State Legislature — one at each biennial session. 
 They give a bond to the State in the penalty of $10,000 each, 
 and there is a salary of $2,500 attached to the office. They 
 choose their own president and a treasurer, who must be one 
 of their number; a clerk, with a salary of $1,500, who gives 
 bond in the penalty of $5,000, and is virtually the treasurer; 
 a mar.shal, with a salary of $2,500, and a deputy marshal. 
 
276 MEMORi.vr. voLUM?;. 
 
 whose salary is §2,000. They enroll ami organize a permanent 
 police force of five hundred men. The captains on the force 
 receive ?22 per week, the lieutenants §20, sergeants §19, and 
 the privates 31.S. Including officers, sergeants, keepers of 
 stations, turnkeys, S:c., the whole regular police force consists 
 of about six hundred men, and is maintained at an annual 
 expense of about §0'JU,UUO. The Police Commissioners are 
 authorized to increase the force on special occasions, when 
 the pay of each person added to the force is §2.50 per diem 
 while he remains in service. "While the State appoints the 
 Police Commissionei"s, the expense of supporting the force is 
 borne by the city. 
 
 The schools of the city are in charge of a board, entitled 
 "the Board of Commissioners of Public Schools," consisting 
 of a member from each ward, chosen by the Councils, in con- 
 vention, for four years. One-fourth of the whole number go 
 out of office annuallj\ The office is not a salaried one. The 
 board elects one of its members president; also a secretary, 
 with a salaiy fixed by the board, and a superintendent of 
 public schools, with an assistant. The salary of the superin- 
 tendent is fixed by the board, subject to the approval of the 
 councils, and at this time is §2,.')t)() per annum. The salary of 
 the assistant superintendent is §1,800. The board appoints 
 the teachers, determines their salaries, and prescribes the 
 course of studies and the books to be used. There is no 
 charge for tuition, but e:u'h pupil is required to pay, in 
 advance, one dollar per quarter for the use of books, except in 
 cases where the indigence of the parents prevents it. There 
 are separate schools for colored children, and also German- 
 Engli.sh schools, where the German language is taught as well 
 as English. The whole number of schools is one hundred and 
 twenty-five, and the buildings are valued at §1,1(J9,.544. There 
 is one city college for boys, two high schools for girls, thirty- 
 eight grammar, fifty-nine primary schools, five English- 
 German schools, fourteen colored day schools, four colored 
 evening schools, one white evening school and one normal 
 school, with one hundred and six male and seven hundred 
 and sixteen female teachers, and an average daily attendance 
 of 31,477 — the whole number of pupils during the year hSTti 
 
MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 277 
 
 being 48,988, of whom 5,1 2(> were colored. The number of 
 pupils paying nothing was 25,528. The expense of public 
 schools in 1879 was §620,000. 
 
 The Fire Department of Baltimore is under the control of 
 an uni)aid commission of citizens, the Mayor being ex officio 
 a member thereof. They hold their offices for four years, 
 two going out of office every second year. They appoint a 
 chief engineer, at a salary of §2,000, and two assistant engi- 
 neers, with a salary of §1,400 each. If a fireman is injured 
 while on duty, so as to be prevented from following his daily 
 occupation or attending to his duties in the department, he is 
 paid his salary for one year, if his disability .so long continues. 
 If a fireman loses his life while in the discharge of his duties, 
 the family of the deceased, including father and mother, are 
 to be paid §500. In addition to this, the fire commissioners 
 are authorized to effect insurances on the lives of the firemen. 
 The annual expense of the Fire Department is §175,000. 
 
 The water supply of the city is governed by a board of six 
 commissioners, appointed biennially, who, with the IMaj^or, 
 receive no compensation for the service they render in this 
 connection. They appoint and fix the compensation of a 
 water engineer, a civil engineer, a water registrar, clerks and 
 collectors. The supply is derived from Jones' Falls and the 
 Gunpowder Falls, the work connected with the latter being 
 now (1880) on the eve of completion. The minimum supply 
 from Jones' Falls is 15,000,000 gallons per day, and from the 
 Gunpowder 1(55,000,000 — the two affording an aggregate daily 
 supply of 190,000,000 gallons. The Gunpowder tunnel is 
 capable of passing 170,000,000 gallons per diem. That of 
 JscAvYork is limited to 100,000,000. There are four resen'oirs 
 connected with the Jones' Falls supply, of 81, 5, 53 and 41 
 acres, respectively, storing in the aggregate 535,000,000 gal- 
 lons, and two reservoirs connected with the Gunpowder .supply, 
 of CO and 30 acres, respectively, with an aggregate storage 
 of 765,000,000 gallons, making the entire storage supply 
 1,300,000,000 gallons. The supply from the Gunpowder in- 
 volved the construction of a tunnel seven miles in length and 
 twelve feet in diameter, the greater part of Avhich is through 
 rock, and the .excellence and beauty of all the works apper- 
 
278 ' -MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 taining to -n-liich liave already become noted in tlie engineer- 
 ing world. It is the tliird largest tunnel in the world, being 
 only f-urpa.ssed by tiie Mont Cenis and the St. Gothard. One 
 of the chief .storage lakes of the Gunpowder system was com- 
 pleted December lUth, 1880. This lalve is two miles from the 
 northeastern limits of the city. It is called ]Montebello. It is 
 one and a half miles around, thirty-one feet depth, and covers 
 an area of sixty acres. Clifton reservoir, lying between Monte- 
 bello and the city limits, will be completed in September, 1S81. 
 
 All matters connected with tlie harbor of Baltimore are in 
 charge of a board of si.x commissioners, who hold tlieir offices 
 for four years, two going out of office biennially. They 
 receive no compensation. The ^Mayor is the president. Tlie 
 Harbor Toard has authority to make contracts, employ labor, 
 and do all that may be necessary to maintain and improve 
 the harbor. The harbor is at this time kept open during the 
 winter by two iceboats. 
 
 The parks of Baltimore consist of Druid Hill Tark, contain- 
 ing 6'J;l acres; Patterson Park, of oG acres; Eiverside Park, 
 171 acres; Federal Hill Park, 81 acres, and other snuiller 
 areas called sqnares, which are iu charge of unpaid commis- 
 sioners, appointed frt)m persons residing in the respective 
 neighborhoods. The first four parks are in charge of a board, 
 also luipaid, of four persons, of whom the ]\Iayor is ex-officio 
 cliainuan. Tlioy liold their offices during good behavior, witli 
 power to fill vacancies occurring in thi'ir body, stibject to th(> 
 approval of tlie City Councils. The parks are supported by a 
 tax of twelve per cent, on the gross earnings of the city jias- 
 senger railways, from which tliere is deducted the interest on 
 the bonds issued for tlie purchase of Druid Hill and Patterson 
 Parks. One-fifth of what remains is then invested as a sink- 
 ing fund to redeem the bonds at maturity, and the balance is 
 expended by the park commissioners in the maintenance 
 and improvement of the parks. They appoint an engineer 
 and general superintendent, superintendents of the partic- 
 ular parks, a naturalist, a gardener, and generally the labor- 
 ing force re(iuired. Piverside and Federal Hill Parks are 
 maintained by special appropriations, from time to time, as 
 neces.saiy. 
 
JIEMOUI.VL VOLUMH. 279 
 
 The jail of the city is in charge of a board of five " visitors," 
 who serve Avithout compensation, and who ajjpoint a warden 
 Avith the necessary assistants, and fix their sahiries. They 
 are required to employ the prisoners at such work in and 
 about the premises as may be consistent with their safe- 
 keeping. When discharged, the prisoners may be paid two- 
 thirds of their net earnings, to be ascertained by the visitors. 
 
 Tliere are five trustees of the almshouse, who receive §2 per 
 diem for each day of their meetings in the discharge of their 
 duties. The almshouse at Bayview is under their control, and 
 each trustee has the power to direct, in writing, the admission 
 of a pauper. This power is also possessed by the ward mana- 
 gers of the poor, of whom there is one appointed annually by 
 the Mayor and City Council for each ward of the city. 
 
 The sanitary department of the city government is carried 
 on by a Board of Health, consisting of a Health Commis- 
 sioner, with a salary of $2,500, and an assistant, with a salary 
 of 11,500. There is also a INIarine Hospital physician subordi- 
 nate to the Board of Health, with a salary of $3,000, whose 
 duties appertain to the sanitary condition of the port. The 
 duty of attending to the streets of the city devolves upon a 
 " City Commissioner," with a salary of $3,000, and three assis- 
 tants, with a salary of $1,500 each. There is also a City Sur- 
 veyor elected biennially by the ciualified voters of the city. 
 The compensation is fixed by a table of rates, according to the 
 services performed by him. Besides the City Commissioner, 
 there is a board of three persons, called " The Commissioners 
 for Opening Streets in the City of Baltimore," which deter- 
 mines matters connected with the laying out, opening, grad- 
 ing, widening or closing up of any streets, lanes and alleys. 
 They hold their offices for three years — one going out of office 
 every year — and have each a salary of $1,200. 
 
 There is an Inspector of Public Buildings, five Inspectors of 
 Streets, two Inspectors of Sewers and two Inspectors of Public 
 Cemeteries, who perform the duties indicated by their respec- 
 tive titles. This enumeration of the officers of the city gov- 
 ernment does not include all of its employes, but will suffice 
 to give a correct idea of the system provided for the conduct 
 of its affairs. 
 
280 MKMOKIAL VOLUME. 
 
 A few notes in illustration of the preceiling sketcli may be 
 taken from a paper published in The Sun newspaper on Jan- 
 uary 1:2th, l.ssn. on the foundinir of Baltimore. In retrard to 
 tlie transition to an incorporated form of government, this 
 article said : 
 
 Government l)y Legislature througli boards of commis- 
 sioners is too slow a process to suit large cities. It besides 
 creates too many Irresponsibilities. A Legislature has no 
 time to govern a State aiid a city at the same time — to regu- 
 late general affairs and deUiils at once. The General Assem- 
 bly of the State from 1774 to 179U had to make no end of 
 municipal regulations for Baltimore Town: to regulate the 
 gauging of casks, the paving of streets, the placing and light- 
 ing of lamps, the appointing of Port Wardens, the cleaning of 
 the basin, the ordering of the night watch, the conduct of the 
 markets, Ac. At last tlie Legislature got as tired of this as 
 did the petitioning people of Baltimore, and the "Act to erect 
 Baltimore Town, in Baltimore county, into a city, and to 
 incorporate the inhabitants thereof,'' was passed November 
 Ses.sion, 179G, the Act specifying that "the good order, health, 
 peace and safety of large cities and towns cannot be pre- 
 served, nor the evils and accidents to which they are exposed 
 avoided or remedied, without an internal power competent to 
 establish a police and regulations fitted to their particular 
 circumstances and exigencies." This charter and its svibse- 
 quent amendments comprise the Constitution of Ikltimore. 
 The city was to liave a seal; to be divided into wards, (eight 
 at first) ; to have a Council of two branches, (the First Branch 
 to be elected vlria voce by voters worth not less than $1,000). 
 The votei-s at the time of voting for members of Fii-st Branch 
 were to vote for one elector in each ward, and these were to 
 meet and choose the Mayor and members of Second Branch. 
 The corporation was given power to enact all laws and ordi- 
 nances necessary to preserve the health of the city, to remove 
 nuisances, have the streets lighted and patrolled, care for 
 docks, basin, liarbor and river, license auctions, Ac, &c., levy 
 taxes, collect fines, &c. 
 
 James Calhoun was elected first Mayor of Baltimore, and 
 amongst the names of electors and couucilmen who Avere 
 
MEMOiUAL VOLUME. 281 
 
 chosen we find sucli proniiuent citizens as George lleinecker, 
 Dr. George Bnclianan, .Samuel Owings, Zebulon IloUingsworth, 
 Jesse Hollingswortli, David :McMechen, Hercules Courtenay, 
 Jeremiali Yellott, Adam Fonerden, Philip Hogers, James A. 
 Buchanan, Peter Frick, Englehardt Yeiser, Joseph Biays, Nich- 
 olas Rogers, John Merryman, Ilobert Gilmor, Edward Johnson, 
 Job Smith, Baltzer Schaeffer, &c. It will be noted how the 
 Pennsylvania German and Scotch-Irish names loom up in this 
 list, alongside of good old English names, however, and those 
 of Huguenots. James Calhoun himself was of Scotch-Irish 
 stock, coming into the province about 1771. He made him- 
 self prominent on the patriot side during the Revolution, and 
 was on several of the most active committees. At tlie date of 
 Mr. Calhoun's election to the honorable place of first Mayor 
 of Baltimore he was President of the Chesapeake Insurance 
 Company, and lived " cross North lane, on East street "—that 
 is to say, on Fayette street, south side, one door west of North 
 street, his office being on the corner. 
 
 Uv. Richard H. Moale, son of John ISIoale, was Register of 
 the City; Mr. James Carey, President of the First Branch of 
 the earliest City Council, Mr. John Merryman being President 
 of the Second Branch. The first Council met in its first ses- 
 sion in February, 1797, at the court-house, as directed by the 
 Act of Incorporation. They continued to meet here until 
 ISIarch, ISOl, when commissioners were appointed to choose a 
 site and build a City Hall, and until the building was erected 
 the commissioners and ]Mayor were to " provide forthwith a 
 suitable house for the accommodation of the City Council and 
 for the office of the Mayor and Register." The first City Hall 
 and Mayor's office was on South street, nearly opposite Lovely 
 lane, on the site of the banking-house of the :\Iessrs. Garrett. 
 This property seems to have belonged to j\Ir. James Long, and 
 Avas rented for $200 a year. Afterwards the building erected 
 by Rembrandt Peale, on Holliday street, and called Peale's 
 Museum, was bought for a City Hall, the picture galleries 
 being turned into Council chambers, and this site served until 
 the present City Hall was finished. 
 
 The city officers were not numerous nor the salaries large. 
 Each branch of the Council had a Clerk and a Messenger. 
 
282 MEMUIUAL VOLUME 
 
 Tliere ivere five City C'oiiunissioucrs, three CoininissiuiuTs of 
 the Wiitcli and Lij^litiiit,' the City, nine Health Coinmissionerrt, 
 tliifc CoiimiisHioners to Survey the Harlx)r, two Iiispector.s of 
 Flour, one Inspector of Salted Meats, a Superintendent of 
 Punii)s for each ward, a Harbor Master, a Collector, a Super- 
 intendent of Streets, a City Constable, a SuperinteTident of the 
 Mud Machine, three Assessors, a Clerk for each of the three 
 markets, four Measurers of Lumber, four \\'oodcorders, two 
 Hay Weighers, one Ganger, Keeper of the Powder Magazine 
 and three Sweepmastei's. The Mayor received §2,400 a year 
 and office rent, llegister §1,400, Ilarbor Master §;300, Mud 
 Machine Superinteiulent $G0G.(i6, Clerks of markets §280 for 
 the three, City Commissioners $2 per diem for each day's 
 actual service, Council Clerks $5 per diem, Messengers §1.50 
 per diem during actual service. The members of the Council 
 received §l.oO per diem for each day's session, but if absent, 
 were fined §2 per diem. Such were our first lawmakers. 
 
 The fli'st ordinance, after continuing over some necessary 
 officers of the town and providing for the proper custody of 
 the moneys and records, was to establish a seal for the cor- 
 poration of Baltimore. It was decided to retain the old seal 
 of the town commissioners, some necessary alterations being 
 made in it. The ne.\t ordinances established the office of reg- 
 ister and the treasury deiiartment, and the collector of dues 
 and arreai-ages, fines and licenses, and the seventh ordinance 
 restrained gaming and licensed and regulated theatrical and 
 other cihibitions, in the interest of '• true religion and good 
 moi-als," which are declared to be "the only solid foundations 
 of public liberty and happiness." The subsequent ordinances 
 take up inspections, health, night-Avatch, policing, nuisances, 
 lighting of streets, t^c, in natural order. 
 
 The total revenue of the city from all sources during 1797, 
 the first year of municipal existence, was §14,412; for 179S it 
 was §;32,8Go. Small as these sums were, they sufficed to meet 
 all expenditures. In ISIO, with .3o,000 people, the expendi- 
 tures, were about §00,000. In ISSO, with 3JO,00(l, a tenfold 
 increase in population, the expenditures of every sort are esti- 
 nuited at §'),;)()0,O(i(i, or an increase of more than ninetyfold. 
 Still the assets of the corporation and the wealth of tlie people 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 283 
 
 have grown very rapidly. The wealth of the city in 1798 was 
 assessed at §099,519, and in LSIO at about $2,5UU,UU0, wliereas 
 it is now §250,000,000, so that taxation is really not any 
 heavier, counting the increment of wealth. The sources of 
 revenue in 1797 and 1798 were (1) licenses, (2) fines, (3) inspec- 
 tions, (4) taxes. The ordinance of March 19, 1798, imposes a 
 tax of fifteen shillings per one hundred pounds of real and 
 personal property, equal to 75 cents on the §100. The basis 
 of assessment was directed, by an ordinance approved April 
 29, 1797, to be ascertained by the Register, Treasurer and Col- 
 lector, who are to examine and collect into one statement all 
 the taxes levied by the Assembly, and find out by whom they 
 were paid. 
 
 Some of the sources of revenue Avere onerous and restric- 
 tive. Auctioneers were taxed five per cent, on gross sales; 
 taverns were heavily licensed ; license fees and inspection 
 charges were imposed upon the visible part of every branch 
 of industry. Other sources of revenue were founded in a 
 mistaken policy — now pretty generally exploded — that if the 
 State or municipality can get the people to pay money to it 
 willingly and unconsciously without grumbling, it had the 
 right to take from the people all they can spare. 
 
 This is the spurious philosophy of what is called " indirect 
 taxation," of tariffs in general, of the Paris octroi in particular, 
 and of all the lottery "systems" which have helped so mate- 
 rially to impoverish the improvident and unreflecting classes. 
 :Maryland and Baltimore no longer tolerate lotteries by law 
 or in practice, but they used to be the very liot-beds of tliis 
 "Simon-says-wiggle-waggle" style of gaming. The colunnis 
 of the old :Maryland Gazette teem with advertisements of lot- 
 tery schemes. They occupy the next largest space to adver- 
 tisements of runaway slaves and redcmptioners. 
 
 Up to someAvhere near the end of the Revolutionary war 
 tlie streets of Baltimore town had not begun to be paved. In 
 sAvampy places pole roads and causeways Avere laid, as in the 
 case of Lombard, then called "Water street, Avhere it crossed 
 Harrison's marsh to the " loAver bridge " over Jones' Falls, and 
 later, in the case of AMlkes street, Avhere it passed OA^er the 
 head of " the cove " and the debouch of Harford run, on its 
 
284 MEMORIAL VOLLMK. 
 
 way to "the Toiut." Iiuli\ idiials iiiacle sidewalks liere and 
 there, to suit tlieir fancy, but there was no law, and no com- 
 pulsion. JJaltiniore was a villaj,'e, and its streets were village 
 roads and paths. At November Session (1782) of the Legisla- 
 ture, after Howard's, Uidgely's and llogers' additions to the 
 town, there was a law passed "for the more effectual paving of 
 the streets of liiiltimore town." This Act levied, for the pur- 
 pose of paving, cleaning and repairing the streets, a tax of 12s. 
 and Gd. per front foot on streets ordered to be paved, of (is. 
 and od. on alleys, foiu--wheeled carriages 30s. a year, chairs 
 and sulkies 15s., di-ays 2js., wagons and carts 25s., saddle 
 horses 20s., billiard tables X1-j, (additional to licen.se,) the 
 "playhouse" £hO; 30s fine (additional) for chimneys catching 
 fire; selling liquor without license 30s. additioiml fine; £o 
 additioiuil on tavern licenses, and 2s. 6d. per .£100 on assessed 
 l)roperty of all sorts, (ecpial to 121 cents on the $100.) These 
 tax rates were heavy and unequal, but they were not so 
 bad probably as unpaved streets. Street commissioners were 
 appointed, fines set for obstructing streets and sewei-s, scaven- 
 gers directed to be employed, peojde ordered to remove their 
 own filth, nuisances forbidden, and various other pre-muuic- 
 ipal regulations enforced. In subsequent Acts the streets 
 were ordered to be surveyed, and many of the lanes and 
 alleys widened and gnid(>d down. The present municipality 
 of Iialtimoro is still involved in expenses incurred in the 
 street plans of the old foimders of the city. Many hills must 
 yet be cut down, gi-ades changed and streets widened and cut 
 through before convenience and symmetiy will be secured. 
 
 r.altimore now expends, for schools, colleges, institutes, 
 academies, universities, libraries, and other direct means of 
 education, an annual sum of ?1 ,100,000, representing, at 5 per 
 cent., the income of an endowment amounting to not less than 
 ?22,000,000. Some of this is absolutely permanent, and the 
 greater part of the remainder is quite as pernuvuent as any 
 popular institutions can be made. 
 
 The municipal expenditures, aggregating somewhere about 
 $5,500,000 a year, of which about .?4,()(>0,0()0 are derived from 
 ta.xation, are devoted to the daily business of nnmicipal gov- 
 ernment, over 10 i^er cent, taking the form of investments feu* 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 285 
 
 purposes of pennaiient improvements, parks, wharves, streets, 
 markets, &g. At an average cost of less than one per cent, 
 upon their estates, the citizens of Baltimore .secure good 
 municipal government, all the modern comforts and conve- 
 niencies of modern city life, all the advantages of swift 
 transit and carriage, good light and water, with the addition 
 of about one-tentli of their annual subscriptions to local gov- 
 ernment being disbursed in the increase and development of 
 the comforts and conveniences of the city of the future. 
 
 In addition to what has been said above in regard to the 
 city's water supply and its parks, we are glad to be able to 
 furnish some fresh and as yet unpublished new materials.* 
 
 The water works of Baltimore are of the most extensive 
 and elaborate character. Two streams are brought into the 
 service; the actual storage resource is 1,300,000,000 gallons; 
 the minimum daily supply from Jones' Falls and the Gun- 
 powder is about 115,000,000 gallons. This, with the storage, 
 will give 370 gallons per capita for 350,000 people during one 
 hundred days of the dryest season. At the maximum daily 
 supply of 50 gallons per capita, it will accommodate a popu- 
 lation of 2,500,000 — unless the present sources of supply 
 should diminish before our city attains a population so great. 
 The supply may thus be looked upon as being as permanent 
 as the works. 
 
 The reservoirs, for storage, purification and distribution, are 
 Lake Roland, one hundred and sixteen acres, on Jones' Falls, 
 capacity 500,000,000 gallons, cost $112,752; conduit to Hamp- 
 den, |;536,000; dam at Lake Koland, $152,000; Hampden reser- 
 voir, eight acres, two hundred and seventeen feet above tide, 
 capacity $50,000,000 gallons, cost $206,000. Pipes to Mount 
 Eoyal reservoir, $140,000; capacity of that, 30,000,000 gallons, 
 cost $112,000; Druid Lake, capacity 429,000,000 gallons, cost 
 not given ; Montebello reservoir, capacity 500,000,000 gallons, 
 cost $660,000; Clifton reservoir, capacity 265,000,000 gallons. 
 This water supply is distributed throughout the city by two 
 hundred miles of pipe, with nine hundred fire-plugs. The 
 
 * From " The Stranger in Baltimore," lay J. F. Weisliampcl, Jr. A new edition of 
 tliis capital little work is just going through the press, and Mr. W. has kindly sent 
 us some of his revised sheets. It is cue of the neatest complications of the sort 
 we ever saw 
 
286 MEMORIAL YOLIME. 
 
 entire system will come into operation in September or Octo- 
 ber of this year, and water will be abundant, it ought also 
 to be cheaj). The entire cost of the system, from first to last, 
 lias been about §ft,0U0,O00. On tliis basis and assuminir tliat 
 population increases pari passu with expenses, water ouirht 
 to be supplied to every inhabitant at a cost of IJ cents per 
 one thousand gallons. 
 
 Tlie Park system of Bjiltimore is all that Mr. Latrobe 
 claims for it— probably more. Druid Hill Park is probably 
 the finest in the world. But, in addition to the parks and 
 squares enumerated by him in his account and containing 
 seven hundred and .seventy-five acres, there is the Clifton 
 estate of the Jolins Hopkins University, and Harlem, Lafa- 
 yette, Franklin, Union, ^ladison and Jackson Squares, Eutaw 
 Place, and the various public walks and places of the sort, 
 aggregating at least four hundred and fifty more acres, all of 
 which belong to the city so far as their use aiul enjoyment are 
 the citizens'. 
 
 vSo of our monuments, which do not need either guide book 
 or description. They commemorate great events or great 
 men in a signal and effective way, are never mean in design 
 or tawdiy or commonplace in execution, but they are too 
 familiar to call for description or index here. So of our cem- 
 eteries, in Avhicli, indeed, s<ime of our gracefullest monuments 
 are erected. But every one knoAvs of Greenmount, Loudoji 
 Park, Baltimore Cemetery, Jlount Olivet, Western, Mount 
 Carmol, Laurel, of the Cathedral Cemetery, Old St. Paul's, 
 the Quaker buryiug-ground on Ai.squith street, and the Dun- 
 kard's, on Paca street. No need to repeat these things. 
 
 There are over three hundred church buildings in Balti- 
 more, besides many lialls used by religious denominations. 
 It is uncertain hoAv much room or how many seats all these 
 are able to fumisli, or liow much property they own. The 
 figures given on this subject in the ninth census are totally 
 um-eliable. Those gathered for the tenth census luive not yet 
 been compared or published. The City Directory, upon a 
 careful exauaination, proves to be neither full nor accurate. 
 If we had the figures of the tenth census, we would still give 
 them, defective as they probably arc, judging by the compila- 
 
MEMOHI.VL VUlA'.Mi:. 287 
 
 tion of tlic ninth; but it would be absurd to predicate any 
 attempt at full or accurate statement upon tlie returns of the 
 ninth census. It may bo observed here that if Baltimore 
 were not already styled "the city of monuments," it would 
 better deserve to be called "the city of churches" than 
 Brooklyn, Avhich now enjoys that cognomen. To show this 
 we have only to compare the statistics of churches of King's 
 county, New York, which includes Brooklyn, with those of 
 Baltimore county, Maryland, which includes Baltimore city, 
 as displayed in the ninth census (ISTO.) Kelatively to popu- 
 lation, the increase in churches during the decade is about the 
 same in each county. We cannot give the figures for the 
 cities separate from the counties, since the census was not 
 taken that way. It may be stated, however, that while the 
 population of Brooklyn in 1870 was 94 per cent, of the whole 
 of King's county, that of Baltimore was only 80.9 of the whole 
 of Baltimore county. 
 
 Brooklyn, 94 per cent, of the population of King's county, 
 had 276 congregations, 2G2 churches, 197,125 seats, §12,025,000 
 property, for a total of 419,921 people. Baltimore county, of 
 which Baltimore has 80.9 of total population, had 288 congre- 
 gations, 289 church-edifices, seating 109,720 people in a popu- 
 lation of 330,471. The Brooklyn churches were fewer, larger 
 and more costly, yet they did not seat so large a proportion 
 of the community as those of Baltimore. The Brooklyn 
 churches, in fact, cost §28.60 per capita of the whole popula- 
 tion, while the Baltimore churches cost §24.30 per capita. 
 But then, on the other hand, while the Brooklyn churches 
 had sitting room for only 47 per cent, of the people, those of 
 Baltimore could accommodate 51 per cent. Baltimore had a 
 church for each 1,167 of the population; Brooklyn only one 
 for every 1,602. These figures show conclusively that Balti- 
 more, not Brooklyn, is entitled to be called "the city of 
 churches." 
 
 The summary of the educational system of Baltimore, as 
 given above, from Mr. Latrobe's report, is admirably complete 
 as well as compact. It still is not historical but only munici- 
 pal, and would seem to require a brief supplement. It would 
 please us to be able to give — but for the fact that there are 
 
288 MEMOHIAL VOLUJIE. 
 
 absolutely no data — some iifcoviut of tlie ''damos" prhools" 
 wliifli preceded the refrular primary hcIiooIs, and of the Latin 
 schools, often conducted (especially in the rural districts) by 
 Irisli teacliers of clever scholarship, who taught book-keepintf 
 and English history, as well as algebra and Latin, at the point 
 of the ferule. A\'lieu the county grammar school and academy 
 system began to be established, these men did good work. 
 They were poor, irregular in habits, and still more irregular 
 in temper, but they knew how to teach, and they did teach, 
 many things, thoroughly. Tlie author recalls the history of 
 many of these, sometimes told by sufferers who found it 
 difficult to remember the good instructions given them under 
 the irregular shower of blows accompanying, but much more 
 often by elders who confe.'fsed that their impatience under 
 stripes robbed them of many chances to get substantial 
 knowledge. These were the old "school-masfers," a very 
 different class, it will be confessed, from the school-/eac7/e/-« 
 who succeeded them. 
 
 Their schools, the dame schools, and some very few State 
 institutions of a liigher order, constituted all the means for 
 education which existed jirior to ISOO. St. John's College 
 at Annapolis and "Washington College at Chestertown had 
 indeed been endowed befoi-e that, and not very long after- 
 wards, Georgetown College and I-^mmittsburg filed into the 
 line. There were " county academies," select schools for gen- 
 tlemen's sons, in nearly every county, and, in the case of 
 Charlotte Hall, a county academy supported by the funds of 
 St. Mary's, Cliarles and Calvert counties, the results were very 
 successful, as they still continue to be. But, in 1851, when 
 the present Avriter was preparing for college, there was no 
 place where lie could "eat his commons," as H Baltimorean, 
 besides "old St. Mary's" — and in a year or two this school, 
 wliich had done .so much to give classical educations to our 
 best youth, subsided into a "seminarium" and left our young 
 men the option of Loyola College or some extra State institu- 
 tion. 
 
 These were good classical .schools — none better than '■ lialti- 
 more College" — and good private schools — yet neither the 
 State nor the city had any system of education. 15ut this was 
 
MEMOKIAI. VOLUME. 289 
 
 remedied in 1S29, with tlie first establisliment of the coiniuon 
 school system. That, which started in the Immblest way, has 
 grown, flourished and branched until it includes every child, 
 and the private schools have virtually perished before it. It 
 takes in every child and its branches spread so wide that 
 none need leave Baltimore, no matter how broad or how 
 various his aspirations for general or special education may 
 be. From the primary to the grammar school; from the 
 grammar school to the Business College, the workshop, the 
 School of Design, or the City College ; thence to the Univer- 
 sity, to the Medical Colleges, the Law School, or the School of 
 Theology— all may be had here in our midst, without even 
 crossing beyond the city limits into the " Belt." 
 
 Our Law School rests upon a firm foundation, compact of 
 the best modern methods expounded by able and experienced 
 practitioners. Our Medical Schools, old and well establislied, 
 have always conjoined the ablest i)rofessors and demonstra- 
 tors Avith hospitals which afforded the widest opportunities 
 for the study of pathology and for clinical lectures. When, 
 in the course of a few years, they are supplemented by the 
 richly endowed Johns Hopkins Hospital and by the active 
 studies in biology and chemistry pursued in the .Johns Hop- 
 kins University, there is nothing to prevent them from 
 becoming the best schools in the world. 
 
 Tlie Johns Hopkins University, endowed with $3,000,000 of 
 the hard earnings and careful savings of one of our greatest 
 merchants, a man whose genius for trade, broad as that was, 
 was yet narrow alongside his unerring conception of the 
 proper uses of money, was formally opened to the work of 
 higher education on February 22d, 1876. It has been faithful 
 to its motto : VEraTAS, vos, liberabit. Its trustees have cor- 
 dially responded to the high executive ability and tlie won- 
 derful power and fertility of suggestion of its president, D. C. 
 Gilman, and already, when not yet five years old, it stands 
 before the world the best intellectual workshop in America— 
 the accepted model of all more recent foundations. Its pro- 
 fessors study while teaching; their discoveries are eagerly 
 watched for by the scientific world, and they are continually 
 making great and important contributions to the resources of 
 
290 MEMOJUAL VOLUME. 
 
 philoloi,'}', inatlieinatics, physics, clieiaisti-y, biulo.iry, history 
 and philosopliy. Tliere is not spare here to explain the deep 
 and eoinpreliensive, broad and liberal, sound and practical 
 plan of this admirable institution — a university indeed. The 
 system of fellowships inaugurated by this university lias 
 enal)led it to do much of its excellent work. In the Univer- 
 sity circular for April, ISKO, this system is thus explained: 
 
 " The system of fellowships was instituted for the purpose 
 of affording to young men of talent from any place, an oppor- 
 tunity to continue their studies in the Johns Hopkins I'niver- 
 sity, while looking forward to positions as professors, teachei-s 
 and investigators, or to other literary and scientific vocations. 
 The appointments liave not been made as rewards for good 
 work already done, but as aids and incentives to good work 
 in the future; in other words, the fellowships arc not so much 
 honors and prizes bestowed for past achievements, as helps to 
 further progress and stepping-stones to honorable intellectual 
 careers. They liave not been offered to those Avho are defi- 
 nitely looking forward to the practice of either of the three 
 learned professions, (though such persons have not been for- 
 mally excluded from the competition), but have been bestowed 
 almost exclusively on young men desirous of becoming 
 teachers of science and literature, or determined to devote 
 their lives to special branches of learning which lie outside of 
 the ordinary studies of the lawyer, the physician and the 
 minister. 
 
 " Every candidate is expected to submit his college diploma 
 or other certificate of proficiency from the institution where 
 lie lias been taught, with recommendations from those who 
 are cpialified to speak of his character and knowledge. But 
 this is only introductory. He must also submit, orally or in 
 writing, such evidence of his ]iast success in study, and of his 
 plans for the future, together with such examples of his liter- 
 ary or scientific work, as will enable the professors to judge 
 of liis fitness for the post. The examination is indeed, in a 
 certain sense, competitive; but not with uniform tests, nor by 
 formal questions and answers submitted to the candidates. 
 First, the head of a given department considei-s, with such 
 counsel as he may conimaur' the applicant's record. The 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUMK. 291 
 
 professors tlieii collectively deliberate on the nominations 
 made by individnal members of tlieir body. The list npon 
 Avhich they agree, with the reasons for it, is finally submitted 
 by the president of the university to the executive commit- 
 tee, and by them to the trustees for final registration and 
 appointment. By all these precautions, the highest results 
 which were anticipated have been secured. A company of 
 most promising students has been brought together, and their 
 ability as teachers and scholars has been recognized by the 
 calls they have received to permanent and attractive posts in 
 different parts of the country." 
 
 The history of the beneficiaries up to that date is thus sum- 
 marized : 
 
 " Of the thirty-three appointed since instructions began in 
 the university, fourteen commenced their career here as grad- 
 uate students. The departments of study of those appointed 
 were as follows: mathematics, 7; physics, 6; chemistry, 9; 
 biology, 10; Greek, 8; comparative philology, 3; history and 
 political science, 3; philosophy, including aesthetics, 4; engi- 
 neering, 2; mineralogy, 1. Of thirty-three who have left, 
 seventeen are now instructors in colleges and universities, 
 (eight here and nine elsewhere); two are engaged as teachers in 
 classical schools ; two are attached to the United States Coast 
 Survey, and one to the United States Fish Commission ; one 
 is attached to the ISIetropolitan ]\Iuseum of Art, in New York 
 city; four others are engaged in the practice of professions 
 other than teaching, (one chemist, one civil engineer, one 
 physician, one lawyer); four are still pursuing their studies 
 liere or abroad." 
 
 The university supports four scientific journals of the 
 highest class; it sustains, within its own organization, a Scien- 
 tific Association, a Philological Association, an association for 
 tlie pursuit of Historical and Political Science, a IMathemati- 
 cal Seminary and a IMetaphysical club. It has a Naturalist's 
 Field Club, and a Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory, which, 
 under the very competent direction of Dr. W. K. Brooks, has 
 found out how to tell us more about our "oyster f nudum" 
 than was ever discovered by the ablest old "tongs' man" of 
 
292 MEMOHIAL VOIAMK. 
 
 Taiigior's or tlie ino.st acconiplislied (jourmel at CJuy's. All 
 
 this means work — work of that heroic sort which tlie poets 
 
 delight to contemplate, as witness Sidney Lanier's Ode on 
 
 Commemoration Day — 
 
 "And licrc, O finer Pallas, long remain — 
 Sit on these Maryland hills, and fix thy reign, 
 And frame a fairer Athens than of yore 
 
 In these blest bounds of Baltimore — 
 
 Here, where the climates meet 
 That each may make the other's lack complete — 
 ■Wliere Florida's soft Favouian airs beguile 
 Tlie nipping North — where nature's powers smile — 
 Where Cliesapeake holds frankly forth her hands 
 Spread wide with invitation to all lands — 
 Where now the eager people yearn to find 
 The organizing hand that fast may bind 
 Loose straws of aimless aspiration fain 
 
 In sheaves of servicealjle grain — 
 
 Here, old and new in one, 
 Tlirough nobler cycles round a richer sun 
 
 O'cr-rule our modern ways, 
 O blest Jlinerva of these larger days! 
 Call here thy congress of the great, the wise, 
 The hearing ears, the seeing ej-cs — 
 Enrich us out of every farthest clime — 
 Yea, make all ages native to our time. 
 
 Till thou the freedom of the city grant 
 
 To each most antique habitant 
 Of Fame- 
 Bring Shakspeare back, a man and not a name — 
 Let every player tliat shall mimic us 
 In audience see old Godlike Acschylug — 
 Bring Homer, Dante, Plato, Socrates — 
 Bring Virgil fiom the visionary seas 
 Of old romance — bring Milton, no more blind — 
 Bring large Lucretius, with unmaniac mind — 
 Bring all gold hearts and high resolved wills 
 To be with us about these happy hills — 
 
 Bring old Renown 
 To walk familiar citizen of the town — 
 Bring Tolerance, that can kiss and disagree — 
 Bring Virtue, Houer, Truth, and Loyaltj' — 
 Bring Faith that sees with undissembling eyes — 
 Bring all large Loves and heavenly Charities — 
 Till man seem less a riddle unto man 
 And fair Utopia less Utopian, 
 And many peojilcs call from shore to shore, 
 The wiirUl has blimmed ar/ain, at Bidtimore .' " 
 
 It means lionest work, too — as Prof. C. D. Morris, in one of 
 Ills presentation addresses, has taken pains to explain. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 293 
 
 "Our matriculation standarcl," said he, "is placed, and will 
 no doubt be kept at a liigh level, so that it may faii-ly be 
 assumed that a student who passes it with credit is fully on 
 a par with the average American sophomore. After .this the 
 time that must elapse before the A. B. degree is reached is 
 not with us determined by any hard and fast line. A definite 
 amount of work is prescribed, which the student has to 
 absolve, be the time longer or shorter. The one thing that is 
 certain is that mere lapse of time will not help him in the 
 slightest degree. But every encouragement is offered to the 
 aole and diligent student to use his best efforts to put his 
 work behind him as fast as he can ; while the student who, 
 from unfavorable circumstances of any sort, is unable to use 
 any great expedition, is not made to feel that he is left behind 
 by his contemporaries in any sense that need lower his self- 
 respect. 
 
 " The result of this system is seen in the absolutely univer- 
 sal diligence that pervades the -whole place. I have had con- 
 siderable experimental acquaintance with other seats of 
 learning, and I assert with the greatest confidence that in no 
 place of which I have any knowledge is there anything like 
 the universal spirit of work whic-h prevails here. We have 
 students, no doubt, of various degrees of capacity and attain- 
 ment; but I do not believe that the class of idlers is repre- 
 sented here by a single specimen. 
 
 " Of the three young men whose names I shall presently 
 read, one has been thi-ee years with us, and eacli of the other.s 
 tAVO years and a half, since the completion of their matricula- 
 tion ; and in June last tlie degree was conferred on a student 
 who had been here but two years. I wish to call special 
 attention to these facts, as I think a misapprehension exists 
 as to the length of time required for graduating here. One 
 result of this comparative shortness of undergraduate time is 
 seen in the fact that our students do not think it necessary to 
 leave us as soon as they have gained their A. B. Of the three 
 who graduated in June, two are still studying here; and I 
 believe that it is the intention of the tliree whom I am to pre- 
 sent to-night to do the same thing." 
 
294 MEMOKFAI, VDfAMK. 
 
 LIBRAKIES OF BALTIMORE.* 
 
 PEABOUY IXSTITUTE LIBRARY. 
 Mr. P. R. Uhlir, Librarian. 
 
 Thi.s library was foimdi'd in 1857 by Mr. George Peabody, 
 as a part of the institute which bears his name. The collec- 
 tion was begun in 18G1, and it was opened to the public in 
 ISGti, witli a nucleus of 10,000 volumes. It now contains G7,.srjO 
 volumes, representing every branch of literature and science, 
 of which about one-tenth are works of fiction. It is especially 
 rich in large and costly works of science and art, which but 
 few private libraries can afford, and in some departments is 
 better jirovided tlian any other in the country. It is a library 
 for reading and reference only. 
 
 The new hall, in the east wing of the institute, when- its 
 stores are now assembled, is admirably designed, Ijoth for 
 beauty and convenience. The cases are arranged in alcoves 
 with double windows, so that whenever the growth of the 
 library may require it, the number of cases, and consequently 
 the storage capacity of the hall, can be doubled. 
 
 The reading-room is open to the public from 9 a. m. to i\ 
 M. In this room are arranged encyclopaedias, dictionaries and 
 other works of general reference, which readers can consult 
 at pleasure; while books from the alcoves are brought as 
 desired by the assistants. The work of building up the 
 library is steadily carried on. 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS I-XIVER-SriY. 
 Dr. Wui. n.ind Browne, Librarian. 
 This library has four departments — 
 
 (a.) A general reference collection of books, including not 
 only cyclopaedias and dictionaries, but copies of the works of 
 great authors, ancient and modern, in different branches of 
 literature and science. 
 
 (6.) Several special collections of books, wliicli have been 
 bought as the working apparatus of those dei)artments of 
 ♦Abstract of uu article i)rei)arc(l l)y Dr. Wm. II. Browne. 
 
MKJroniAL VOLUME. 295 
 
 study now instituted among us, from lists which have been 
 furnished by the several instructors. 
 
 (c.) A transient collection of neio books, P^nglish, French 
 and German, brought here for examination as soon as pub- 
 lished, sometimes by purchase, and sometimes by the cour- 
 tesy of dealers. 
 
 {(l.) A very full collection of current periodical literature, 
 so selected as to supplement the lists of the Peabody, the 
 Mercantile liibrary and other reading-rooms of Baltimore. 
 
 It was desired to make the library so far encyclopaedic, that 
 no profitable branch of independent study or reflection could 
 be entered upon, to which at least some clue or guide miglit 
 not be found hero to heliJ the student on liis way. To secure 
 this twofold end, there has been establislied a small but com- 
 pact library of general reference, and a series of special libra- 
 ries for each department of work, arranged, as far as possible, 
 on the plan of keeping kindred subjects, such as mathematics 
 and physics, closely together. 
 
 In order that the university, in all its branches, may keep 
 fully abreast of the rapid progress of thought and discovery, 
 a large proportion of the leading journals in the chief depart- 
 ments of knowledge are taken. 
 
 The library at present contains 7,800 bound volumes and 
 about 800 unbound, including pamphlets, but not periodicals. 
 
 The number of periodicals taken, exclusive of the issues 
 of publication societies, is 265, of which 26 are received in 
 exchange for journals proceeding from the university, 7 are 
 gratuitous, and 232 are subscribed for. They are published in 
 England, Scotland, France, Germany, Austria, Holland, Bel- 
 gium, Italy, Greece, India and the United States, and repre- 
 sent all the leading branches of knowledge and literature. A 
 printed list of the periodicals taken by the principal libraries 
 of Baltimore has been published by the university. 
 
 The library is open to all members of the university from 9 
 A. y\. till 10 I'. M., and books may be taken out, under certain 
 limitations, for reading at home. The reading-room is large 
 and well lighted, and contains the general reference library 
 and current files of periodicals, while the rooms containing 
 
296 MKMOUIAL VOIAMK. 
 
 the special libraries are open to all who i)refer to carry on 
 their studies tliere. Readers have free access to all the 
 shelves and to the card-catalogue, which is kept always com- 
 l)lete to date. 
 
 LIBRARY COMPANY OF THE BALTIMORE BAR. 
 Mr. J. Holmes Converse, Librarian. 
 
 This company, which is a voluntary association of members 
 of the Baltimore Bar, was incorporated by an Act of Assembly 
 in 1840. It is supported altogether by subscription, the yearly 
 payment being ten dollars. It is used for reference Qnly ; but 
 books from its shelves may be carried into the courts and 
 there referred to as needed. The affairs of the company are 
 managed by a president and board of five directors, elected 
 annually. 
 
 The present member.ship is 327. The number of volunios 
 is nearly 8,000, including almost complete sets of the English 
 and American reports, and most of the latest text-books. It 
 is open every day, except on Sundays and legal holidays, from 
 9 A. M. to 11 p. M. during ten months of the year, and in July 
 and August from 9 a. m. to G p. ji. 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE MARYLAND HI.STORICAL SOCIETY. 
 Mr. J. W. M. Lcc, Librarian ; Mr. J. G. Gatcliell, Assistant Librarian. 
 
 This society was founded in 1844. In 185.5 its library, 
 which, though not large, Avas a very valuable collection, was 
 increased by the transfer to it of tlie books of the Library 
 Company of Baltimore. It now contains 15,000 volumes and 
 2,000 pamphlets. 
 
 This collection is especially ricli in the department of 
 history — general. State and local. It is also well supplied 
 with works of voyages and travels, and the leading writers on 
 political science; has a good collection of maps, and veiy full 
 files of newspapers. Beside these, the other departments of 
 knowledge are fairly well represented, and it posse.sses many 
 rare works and bibliographical curiosities. Among its manu- 
 script collections it includes many valuable papers, chiefly 
 bearing upon the history of the State. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 29'^ 
 
 The rooms are open daily from 10 a. m. to 2 p. u. Tlie mem- 
 bersliii) subscrii^tion is Ave dollars yearly ; but all students or 
 otliers seeking information are made welcome to the rooms, 
 and every assistance rendered them in their researches. 
 
 When the Maryland Historical Society was founded, there 
 was incorporated in its charter a gallery of the Fine Arts; 
 and when it united with the old Libraiy Company and the 
 Mercantile Library Association in the erection of the present 
 Athenaeum building at the corner of St. Paul and Saratoga 
 streets, the uppermost of the three stories was appropriated 
 to it on account of the facility of having there a picture gal- 
 lery some fifty-two feet square, of a proper height, with a 
 large skylight, and with adjacent roonis for the other pur- 
 poses of the society. Here, year after year, exhibitions were 
 held, the profits of which were devoted to the purchase of 
 admirable copies by eminent artists of the masterpieces of 
 the world — the Madonna of St. Sixtus, of Raphael, the Notte, 
 of Corregio, the Communion of St. Jerome, of Domenichino, 
 the Peter Martyr, of Titian, and the Marriage of Cana, of Paul 
 Veronese. These still remain upon its walls, along with 
 numbers of other paintings, original and copies, given or 
 loaned by their owners to the society or deposited for safe- 
 keeping — the whole forming a collection in charge of a custo- 
 dian, and open to the public gratuitously, daily, from 10 until 
 4 o'clock, and on Sundays from 2 luitil 4 o'clock. The visi- 
 tors, both during the week and on Sundays, a-re numerous. 
 In connection with it there is a collection of plaster models 
 of the most renowned of the statues of antiquity. The gal- 
 lery is open to copyists, who are at all times to be seen at 
 work there; and the use of the rooms has been accorded to 
 the Decorative Art Society, Avhose numerous pupils, under the 
 care of an experienced and accomplished instructor, have the 
 benefit of the collections of painting and sculpture of the 
 Historical Society. When the Library Company was merged 
 in the Historical Society, the latter moved from its rooms in 
 the third story of the building down into those occupied by 
 the former in the second, leaving the whole of the third story 
 to art. 
 
298 MKMOHIAL VOLUME. 
 
 MEKCAXTII.K LIlUtAliV ASSOriATIOX. 
 Mr. J. \V. M. Lcc, Lilirarian. 
 
 This association was organized in 1839, more espefially for 
 the advantage of clerks and others employed in business 
 houses, though the use of the books was extended to all 
 members of the connnunity, on the payment of a slightly 
 increased subscription. It has grown steadily, if not rapidly, 
 and now numbers ;iG,OUO volumes in all departments of litera- 
 ture. It is Avell supplied with works of biogi'aphy, history 
 and travels, and possesses many valuable and uncommon 
 books relating to American history. It has also a fine collec- 
 tion of P'nglish literature of the seventeenth and eighteenth 
 centuries. Being a circulating library, it includes, of course, 
 a large ])roportion of works of fiction. Its pamphlet collec- 
 tion now numbers about 12,000, being particularly full in 
 pamphlets relating to the State and city, and in publications, 
 official and others, of the late Confederate States. 
 
 The reading-room is supplied witli the leading American 
 and foreign periodicals. The rooms, at the corner of Saratoga 
 and St. Paul streets, are open daily from 9 a. m. to 10 p. >f. 
 
 The price of the stock is five dollars per share, with yearly 
 dues of three dollars. Non-stockholders pay a subscription 
 of five dollars i)er year; three dollars, six months: two dol- 
 lars, thi'ee months. 
 
 lihuakv <if tiik .\iai;vi.a.M) institutk. 
 Mr. A. F. Lusliy, Librarian. 
 
 From the foundation of this institution, in 1848, the library 
 has been one of its leading features. The first design was 
 that it should be e.specially rich in books of reference and 
 instruction bearing upon the mechanic arts, as it was to pro- 
 mote those that the institute had been founded. Before long, 
 however, it was plainly seen that to attract subscriptions a 
 more miscellaneous and popular character must be given to 
 the collection, and consequently, at pre.sent more than four- 
 fifths of its contents are works of fiction. 
 
 This library now contains al>out 19,000 volumes, and circu- 
 latori about SOO weekly. Its use is limited to members of the 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUM?:. 299 
 
 institute, the iiioinborsliip subscription being five rlollars 
 yearly for men, and three for women and children. 
 
 J.lBKAIiY OF THE MEDICAL AND CHIRUKGICAE FACULTY. 
 Dr. .1. D. Fiske, Librarian. 
 
 The association to Avhicli this library belongs, and with 
 wliich it is co-existent, was founded in 1799. It is sujiported 
 by the annual appropriation of about one-third of the mem- 
 bership dues. The bound volumes number about 3,000, but 
 most of the expenditure is for periodicals, of which thirty- 
 three are taken. The collection of books is gradually increas- 
 ing, chiefly by gift. IMembers are entitled to take out -books 
 for a fortnight, with privilege of renewal. The library is 
 open, at 122 West Fayette street, from G a. ji. to 9 p. m. 
 
 SOUTH BALTIJIOKE MECIIAXICs' LIBRARY. 
 Mr. "W. S. Harrington, Librarian. 
 
 In the year 1859, when the volunteer fire companies of the 
 city were superseded by the present organization, a number 
 of citizens of South Baltimore, thinking a circulating library 
 in that section of the city a desirable thing, especially for 
 mechanics and their families, formed themselves into a 
 library association, and fitted up for their purpose a disused 
 engine-house at No. 158 IMontgomery street. 
 
 This library has about 2,000 volumes, with an average daily 
 circulation of twenty. It is open every evening, except Sat- 
 urdays, from 7 to 10. The annual subscription is one dollar, 
 and adult subscribers have a voice and vote in the adminis- 
 tration. The present membership is about 150, and the 
 library, according to the librarian's account, barely holds its 
 own. 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOM'S. 
 Mr. A. T. King, Librarian. 
 
 This library was founded in 1840, and is supported by pro 
 rata contributions from the funds of the various lodges and 
 encampments. It is a library of circulation as well as refer- 
 ence, and is open to all members of the order in the city. It 
 
300 MKMOHIAL VOLrMK. 
 
 coiitaiiis about 20,500 voliiino;^, of wliicli s.ooo are German, 
 ami about one-fourth of the whole are works of fiction. 
 
 Tlie readers of this library average 7J daily, and it circu- 
 lates about 400 volumes a week. The hours of admission are 
 from 7 to 10 p. m., from Monday to Friday. 
 
 CONCORDIA CLUB LIBRARY. 
 Mr. G. Sfliwcgendcck, Librarian. 
 
 The Concordia, a German club, was founded in 1850, and a 
 library for tlie use of its members was included in its organ- 
 ization. This library contains about ;i,500 volumes, cliiefiy 
 German works. A number of leading journals and period- 
 icals, both German and American, are taken. The member- 
 sliip subscription is thirty dollars yearly, including the use of 
 tlie library and the right to take out books. The library is 
 open from 1 to 2:30 p. m., Tuesdays and Fridays, in the Con- 
 cordia building, 10 South Eutaw street. 
 
 There are accessible, under various conditions, to readers in 
 Baltimore, about 197,450 volumes, located as follows: 
 
 VOl-S. 
 
 Peabody Institute Library 67,850 
 
 Johns Hopkins University Library 8, GOO 
 
 Maryland Historical Society Library 17,000 
 
 Mercantile Library 4S ,000 
 
 I'altimore Bar Library 8,000 
 
 Medical and Chirnrgical Faculty Libraiy :i,000 
 
 Maryland Institute Library Ut,000 
 
 Odd-Fellows' Jiibrary 20,500 
 
 Concordia Club Library ;J,500 
 
 South Baltimoi-e Mechanics' Library 2,000 
 
 Total 1!)7,450 
 
 ^fore than GOO different periodicals are also received at the 
 libraries above mentioned. 
 
 There are, besides those above enumerated, a number of 
 minor libraries attached to schools, churches and other insti- 
 tutions, or maintained by subscription in various parts of 
 the city. 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 301 
 
 The Poabody Institute is mucli more tlian a mere library 
 for reference, carefully arranged, a store-liouse for those pur- 
 suing literary research. ;Mr. Peabody's broad mind, in alli- 
 ance with his liberal and noble heart, took in the idea that 
 culture meant more than any one tiling. Goethe's aphorism 
 that " Thought expands but lames, action animates but nar- 
 rows," seems to have made a deep impression upon his mind. 
 He recognized the ancient division of true education into the 
 Humanities, and strove to be guided by the old schoolmen's 
 definition of the Quadrivium : "Grammatica loquitur; Dlvlec- 
 TicA vera docet; Riietoeica verha color at; Musica canit; 
 Arithmetica numerat; Geo^ietbia ponderat; Astroxomia colif 
 astra." He thought that grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, arith- 
 metic, geometry and astronomy might be trusted to the 
 library and the lectures provided for by him, but music and 
 the fine arts were not so safe. He therefore made special 
 provisions for a conservatory of music and for a gallery of 
 paintings and sculpture as part of the educational fund of the 
 Baltimore which he so faithfully loved, and, just as his wise 
 instinct showed him would be the case, the art-teaching of the 
 Peabody Institute, endowed with the great banker's millions, 
 and liberally equipped with a splendid building and growing 
 galleries and library, is playing its part as a branch of the 
 coming great university of Baltimore. It is also training the 
 men and women who Avill be the painters and sculptors of the 
 future — the men and women who will furnish cultivated 
 voices and trained orcliestral talent for the service of the nas- 
 cent Oratorio Society which is to revive in our happy city the 
 glorious musical contests of the INIimiesingers at the old-time 
 Provencal courts. 
 
 The High Schools and City Colleges will help to feed the 
 Jolms Hopkins University, and it must be the Avork of the 
 Maryland Institute to supply pupils to the Teclmological 
 School which is assuming shape at Annapolis and the Art 
 Academy coming into being at the Peabody. The School of 
 Design at this institute, which is already more than tliirty 
 years old, is doing good Avork in a thorough way, and it must 
 be recognized and encouraged, ]\Ir. S. T. Wallis has told us, 
 
302 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 in liis charming mainior, lio\v this iiistituto anrl its gold medal 
 made an artist of William II. liinehart. We may expect its 
 School of Design, its library and its annual exhibitions to 
 make artists of many of our youtli Avho might otherwise 
 graduate; as low mechanics or idlers and corner rowdies. If 
 a young man finds that there is some aspiration in him, 
 sometliing lie wants to do and delights in doing out of the 
 common, and that there is a place where lie can learn all tliat 
 men know about it, and where he can be taught that extent 
 of knowledge — Heavens! how proudly, faithfully, ■wonder- 
 fully he will work! Tlie ^laryland Institute is such a place, 
 or, if it is not, it can readily be made .so. 
 
 Mr. A\'allis, in the address to which reference has just been 
 made, does not tliink our IJaltimoreans to be liberal givers. 
 He says: "The truth undoubtedly is, that the past history of 
 Baltimore, and, indeed, of ^Maryland, has not been one of lib- 
 erality to institutions of benevolence or education or general 
 usefulness. I do not speak of legLslativo or municipal liber- 
 ality, nor is citlior in my mind. I speak of individual liber- 
 ality — of the willingness of our citizens to contribute, of their 
 own means and according to their means, to such institutions 
 as I have described — institutions which cannot bo used for 
 patronage, for power or for influence, and from wliich he who 
 gives them endowment can expect no other return than that ' 
 which comes to him in conunon with the rest of tlie commu- 
 nity, fiitil of late years it is true that we have had among 
 us but few really great fortunes. Even now the number is, of 
 course, far smaller in Ealtimoi-e than in many other cities — 
 less, in fact, than in several of its own class and population. 
 But the community has always been a prosperous one when it 
 chose to be, and no one remembers tlie time when there were 
 not rich men among us who had abundance and to spare. It 
 . is a city of very large wealth to-day, and there is great ability 
 to give among its people — supix)sing always the desire to 
 give. And yet Ave can readily count upon our fingers all the 
 large endowments which have ever been bestowed upon 
 public institutions in Baltimore. One would be sorry to 
 think and should be slow to believe tliat this has arisen from 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 303 
 
 a greater unwillingness to part with money than exists else- 
 where. In many ways our peoi)lo are proverbially free- 
 handed, and we all know how prodigally at times their 
 money has followed their sympathies. Tlieir backwardness 
 in the matter to which I am referring arises very obviously, 
 it seems to me, from other causes." 
 
 But this is a narrow view of the case, after all, for in no 
 place is endowed benevolence greater than in Baltimore. 
 The grain wliich is sowed broadcast over a wide area may 
 not sliow conspicuously as that which is gathered in lofty 
 granaries and elevators, but it measures more, nevertheless, 
 and does uiore good. 
 
 Baltimore is strong and rich in many possessions, richest in 
 its precious homes and home-life and tlie influences which 
 go out from these in radiant emanations, touching every 
 social feature of the beloved city with a genial, kindly glow. 
 In tlie homes of Baltiuiore are bred and cherished those hos- 
 pitable instincts of our people which are as well known 
 abroad and the wide world over as the fame of our beautiful 
 women. In the homes of Baltimore are nursed those instan- 
 taneous impulses of our citizens to charity Avhich adorn the 
 city with a higher, more gracious and spiritual beauty than 
 the blue sky which bends over it and the bright sunshine 
 which gilds its domes and lights up its shapely spires. In 
 tliese homes, from the earliest period of the city's history, 
 her grateful sons have learned the crucial lesson of benevo- 
 lence, that the giver is blessed in giving, and they make haste 
 to prove their sense of its value by bestowing their goods 
 upon the city and its institutions and people as far as their 
 means allow. 
 
 The community gives as it is given to, freely and lavishly, 
 and the open hand of Baltimore's benevolence has touched 
 heart-strings to gratitude throughout the uttermost parts of 
 the globe. The beneficent actions of individuals have reacted 
 upon the entire fabric of society, and these, conjoined with 
 the genially hospitable tendencies of our people and their 
 talents for social gatherings and social interchange, have 
 made Baltimore the centre and headquarters of social benevo- 
 
3U4 Mi;.M()KIAI- V<JLrME. 
 
 lent orders aiicl ortranizations — some secret, pome religions — of 
 Mliicli tlie parades of Wednesday, Thursday and Friday 
 afforded abundant illustrations. Yet, though they were long 
 as the length of all our streets and wide as their width, they 
 could not compass by long odds the whole extent of the city's 
 organized benevolence. 
 
 The collective, organized and endowed charity of Baltimore, 
 as represented by its hospitals, asylums, "homes," institutions 
 and societies of every sort, is certainly very large, and no less 
 surprising is the amount of money applied to its support and 
 the animal income which is disbursed by it. The last pub- 
 lished volume of the City Directory contained a list, not by 
 any means fully complete, of the institutions, establishments 
 and societies of this sort. There are over a hundred of these 
 which are given by name, with mention of the sphere of use- 
 fulness and beneficence which they seek to fill. The list 
 includes sixteen dispensaries where medical advice and medi- 
 cine may be had for the asking by the needy and destitute. 
 It includes a dozen hospitals and infirmaries of a general 
 character, besides establishments for the relief of special dis- 
 eases. There are thirty or forty asylums — nearly all with 
 delightful significance called "homes" — where orphans and 
 the aged, the infirm and helpless in mind and body may be 
 cared for and lioused, and as many benevolent societies, some 
 of which have special supportei*s and subscribers, some are 
 endowed with lil)eral permanent funds, and others derive 
 their income from the general public benevolence, which does 
 not look upon frequent contributions as a tax levied, but as a 
 thank-offering freely and gladly rendered. 
 
 These are in addition, as a rule, to the more immediate 
 work of the numerous churches and religious societies in 
 their own particular circles and congregations. This broad 
 hand of a liberal and comprehensive benevolence touches the 
 needy membei's of society and leaves .scarcely any unprovided 
 for and destitute. It acts upon the community, likewise, in 
 such a way that no sooner is a case of distress discovered and 
 made known, be; it in our own midst or in Europe, Asia or 
 Africa, than kind hearts hasten to the rescue. Collections 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 305 
 
 are made, fairs lield, subscriptions opened, and money pours 
 in as water flowed from tlie rock wlien the propliet's rod 
 smote it. 
 
 The organized institutions of benevolence in ]5altimore are 
 not only well endowed, but characterized by a broad and com- 
 prehensive scope and purpose. Kot alms-giving, but charity 
 is their aim; not so much temporary as permanent relief; not 
 merely the penny and crust, but the sandals and stafl' to the 
 way-worn pilgrim, who needs not only present succor, but the 
 helping hand that lifts and elevates. In this respect our 
 institutions of this class do an incalculable amount of good 
 in the cominunity. No one who watched the procession of 
 Monday could have failed to be struck by the exhibition 
 made by the St. Mary's Industrial School and the pupils of 
 the House of Refuge, and to recognize a sort of education in 
 progress in these institutions which " looks before and after," 
 and teaches its recipients the folly and futility of "ijining for 
 what is not." These are the institutions which pi'event the 
 foul blotches upon the crowded, festering civilization of our 
 cities from spreading and contaminating the whole mass; 
 which take the crippled and stunted and wretched vice- 
 shackled starvelings of our garrets and alleys and transform 
 them into men and women, putting knowledge and capacity 
 in their brains, and giving their hands the mastery of a trade 
 and the independence and free place in the world which are 
 gained thereby. These two schools are but typesof a dozen 
 of the same sort which are part of the riches of Baltimore. 
 Some of theni are the products of individual beneficence and 
 private endowment; others have attained tlieir rounded per- 
 fection and usefulness through the matured and deliberate 
 exertions of societies and collective beneficence. Some of 
 these institutes are moral hospitals, which treat poor maimed 
 souls and deeply wounded spiritual natures in the same inci- 
 sive way — compact of firmness and kindness mingled — that 
 our surgeons use in dealing with the wounds and impos- 
 thumes of the body. Their sacred ofiices are pursued in 
 silence and secrecy, but the many poor souls whom they have 
 restored to society, to duty and to honorable labor hold them 
 
306 MEMOUIAL VOLUME. 
 
 in ^Tatitiidc wliich is deep eiiougli to recompense even such 
 deeds as these. 
 
 Tliere is a most excellent and nsefnl co-oi)eratlon and divi- 
 sion of labor in the cliarities and benevolence of Baltimore. 
 Each fills its own jjrivate si)liere, and does its part in the gen- 
 eral work with as little clash and collision as possible. The 
 different religious sects recognize that after all there is but 
 one type of humanity, one color of blood, one meaning of 
 charity and gratitude in all this Avorld. They work together, 
 and the different institutions work with them, like the bees, 
 wliicli, euch framing its particular cell, yet contrive the .sym- 
 metrical fabric of a perfect comb, the honey in which is abun- 
 dant and sweet to every lip. The private and individually 
 endowed institutions take what these cannot reach, and thus 
 a complete cycle of charities results, wliich crowns fair Bal- 
 timore like a halo about the brow of a saint. In this system 
 none are neglected. The virtuous are cared for, but the 
 vicious and depraved are not passed by. The deformed, the 
 blind, the deaf mutes, the idiotic and imbecile, the maimed, 
 the halt, are all included in this comprehensive system; the 
 waif is gathered in and the wanderer taught the nature and 
 beauties of home-life. 
 
 The liome-life of Baltimore, which has given birth to so 
 much of Baltimore's collective benevolence, has also been the 
 leading inspiration of private and individual beneficence in 
 our midst. The extent to which this class of charities has 
 been carried l)y Baltimoreans lias not been known as it should 
 be. "Cheerful givers" have abounded among us from the 
 town's earliest days. Dr. Stevenson, who did so much towai'ds 
 building up Baltimore town before the Revolution, converted 
 his fnu; mansion on Jones' Falls into a small-pox hospital, 
 thus giving up his i)roj)erty to the public. In the yellow 
 fever seasons of ISOO and ISli), and the cholera season of 1832, 
 all the people who staj'ed at home became nui*ses and kept 
 open houses. The spirit of Baltimore's givers when they 
 endowed its charities and public institutions is very clearly 
 reflected by that positive old mercliant, A\'illiam Patterson, 
 the father of Madame Bonaparte, who gave to the city the 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 307 
 
 nucleus of what is now Patterson's Park. In liis will, flated 
 Auf,nist, 1827, he said: "In the course of an active and exten- 
 sive pursuit in coumierce for more than half a century, it now 
 affords me some pleasure to believe and to say that in the 
 course of that time I haee made the fortu lies of some, saved 
 others from ruin, and hane found employment and bread for 
 thousands of my fellow-mortals P This has been the motto 
 of our princely benefactors from Stevenson down. 
 
 Those benefactors have been numerous enough, so many, in 
 fact, that the names of some of them have slipped almost 
 out of general memory. Our citizens recollect and know of 
 George Peabody and Johns Hopkins, of Thomas "Wilson, Moses 
 Shepherd and John McDonogh, but how many can tell about 
 Henry Watson and Samuel Ready, of John Oliver and the 
 founder of the Colvin Institute? Yet the endowments of the 
 four charities instituted by these exceeded $600,000. Over 
 thirteen million dollars has been given to the city of Balti- 
 more and its benevolent institutions by men who can be 
 counted upon tlie fingers of two hands. The permanent 
 endowment funds, bestowed in smaller sums to accomplish 
 the same purposes, have amounted to more than double that 
 sum, while the annual moneys given to charitable institu- 
 tions, and not including church charities nor the disburse- 
 ments of the poor association, amount to at least as much 
 as the income derived from these permanent funds. This 
 appears like an enormous aggregate, but it is by no means 
 overstated. The impulse to give, and give liberally, has, by 
 a process of natural selection, the survival of the fittest, and 
 the contagious influence of repeated and inherited example, 
 become the habit and characteristic of the community. The 
 men who defended Baltimore, who fought for it, who built it 
 up, and who got rich by the fruits of their industry exercised 
 in its trades and occupations, could not spend their wealth 
 upon it too lavishly. They felt it a duty and a pleasure to 
 deck forth the city of their pride and their affection like a 
 bride. Tliese were the sons of the men who tithed their 
 estates over and over again in aid of the war of the Revolu- 
 tion; they were the men who assessed their fortunes to 
 defend Baltimore in 1814; they were the fathers of the men 
 
308 MEMORIAL VOLUME. 
 
 who plpcltrofl their entire earuinirs to the construction of the 
 iJaltiniore and Oliio Railroad, actually embarking with bold- 
 ness and confidence upon an enterprise which cost more to 
 complete it tlian tlie whole property of tlie city amounted to 
 when it was begun. It was the mothers of these men \yho 
 turned the ball-room in Lafayette's honor in 1780 into a 
 tailor shop to make clothes for his soldiers ; and their grand- 
 daughtei-s and great-granddaughters are not behind them, as 
 the sanitary commission and Southern relief fairs will abun- 
 dantly testify, rienty of men can be found who will give 
 their last $-500 to aid a patriotic cause, but not .so many cai)a- 
 ble of cutting out 500 pair of soldiers' trowsei-s in a ball-room. 
 That did David Foe's wife, a Baltimore lady, for Lafayette's 
 brave ragamuffins. 
 
 John Eager Howard, after defending tlie country and the 
 State in one war and lending four of his sons to the battles of 
 another, gave some of the best parts of his estate to the 
 embellishment of Baltimore. His lands furnished, free of 
 cost, the site of A\"as]ungton's Monument and the Lexington 
 market. "When these men thouglit a public improvement was 
 needed they advocated it, and with them to advocate an 
 improvement or an institution meant to contribute towards it 
 likewise. It was this sort of men who founded the Maryland 
 Institute. It was tlieir fathers Avho built the wharves and 
 docks along the basin, who establislied our engine-liouses as 
 well as our churches. Every new tide of prosperity and 
 wealth has been tithed by our liberal citizens in the shape of 
 new endowments, new fomidations, new charities, new public 
 works. The spirit of ]>]iilaiit]irophy has been abroad since 
 the city's foundation, and it is to-day as active in benevo- 
 lence, as princely in giving, and far more sagacious in tlie 
 character of its gifts than ever before. 
 
 An early and wasteful form of securing these endowments 
 was by means of lotteries. This was long the favorite plan 
 for procuring funds for the promotion of public undertakings. 
 It was based on false ideas of political economy, and, as has 
 been said, was wasteful, making tlie poor poorer and promo- 
 ting a spirit of speculation and gambling. Still, by means of 
 it every person in the community became a contributor to 
 
MEMOKIAL VOLUME. 309 
 
 the largest enterprises, and tlio system, not having become 
 disreputable, was not yet tainted Avitli fraud. To tlie lottery 
 we owe the completion of the Cathedral and the Washington's 
 monument, the old Masonic Hall and nearly all our market- 
 houses, the Medical College on Lombard street, and the lii-st 
 City Hall on Holliday street. 
 
 It may be thought necessary to enumerate some of these 
 humane institutions. The first almshouse of Baltimore was 
 badly located. Its site was the cause of the deflection of 
 streets beginning at the Richmond market. The property, 
 Mr. Wm. Lux's, was bought for ^350 and occupied the square 
 formed by Eutaw, Biddle, Garden and Madison streets. This 
 was occupied in 1773 and burned in 1776, rebuilt and retained 
 until 1816, when the Calverton estate of Dennis A. Smith, Avas 
 secured. In 1866, when the city and county had long since 
 dissolved partnership, the Bayview property was bought of 
 the Canton Company and the present handsome almshouse 
 erected there. The site of the old almshouse is now occupied 
 in part by the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, a noble and very suc- 
 cessful charity. 
 
 The House of Refuge and the St. IMary's Industrial School 
 have already been spoken of. A similar institution for negro 
 children exists at Cheltenham, in Prince George's county. 
 
 The ^Maryland Hospital for the Insane was incorporated in 
 1798, and established on ground which now forms part of the 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital property. About 1850, Dr. Richard 
 S. Steuart, who had been at the head of the old Maryland 
 Hospital for many years, conceived the idea of purchasing 
 ground at a distance from the city for the erection of an 
 insane asylum. Contributions were collected. One hundred 
 and thirty-six acres of land were purchased in the neighbor- 
 liood of Catonsvil-le, and given to the State for the purpose. 
 In 1852, work was commenced upon the structure, under the 
 supervision of Dr. Steuart and a building committee, con- 
 sisting of Judge Dobbin, J. Howard McHenry, Dr. James A. 
 Steuart, A. Bowie Davis and Frank Howard. From time to 
 time the different Legislatures made appropriations aggrega- 
 ting ^.400,000, and a plain, massive and substantial edifice has 
 arisen, which is likely to prove a benefit to generations yet 
 
310 MEMOIUAL A'OLUME 
 
 unborn. It is conptrnrtcd of KUioott city f,'Tanito, very neatly 
 finislied. Tlie building is three stories in heiirht, with an 
 attic. The wings recede from tlie uiaiu building, and form in 
 tlie rear a kind of open liexagon. Tlie entire structure is five 
 hundred feet in length, and is built to accommodate comfort- 
 ablj' three liundi'cd persons, though a much larger number 
 could be cared lor without interfering with the discipline of 
 the institution. The main building is prepared for the quar- 
 ters of the ofiicers and the convalescent cases of lunacy. To 
 the left and right, the cells of the more violent patients are 
 situated. lietAveen these and the milder lunatics a number of 
 apartments, laimdries, water-closets and bath-rooms intervene 
 to break the unpleasant noises, and cause a complete separa- 
 tion of the two clas.ses. In the extremities of the wings the 
 raving patients are confined. All the floors are tlioroughly 
 provided with laundries, wash-rooms, water-closets and bath- 
 ing apparatus. The rooms are spacious and. well ventilated, 
 and the corridors ample for enjoyments, and will give that 
 air of freedom which so few asylums po.ssess. 
 
 In addition to tliese we might name, but really have no 
 space to describe, tlie ^laryland Prisoners' Aid Association, 
 the Society for Improving tlie Condition of the Poor — than 
 which none has done more good in our midst. As its report 
 for 1805 specifies: 
 
 " The aim of the Association for Improving the Condition 
 of Poor is what its name iniiiorts, to aid the poor — not to sup- 
 port them. Our agents visit, and see for themselves, the 
 needs and condition of applicants for relief, ere they relieve 
 them. Those who are found to be really miable to support 
 themselves are aided at once with what they most need, 
 either fuel, food, clothing or medicine. They do not expend 
 the bounty of the charitable upon imposters; but it is their 
 duty — and they do it — to see that the money so freely and 
 trustfully given is worthily bestowed and its benefits not lo.st 
 to the really necessitous by being expended upon those who 
 are able to live without it. And herein lays the great secret 
 of practical philanthroi)y. How many there are in our com- 
 munity who think that they are exercising real charity, in 
 giving indiscriminately to every applicant for relief. Did 
 
MEMOHIAI. VOLUME. 311 
 
 these but pay tlie same amount into our association, tliey 
 would find tluit only such as wave true and proper objects for 
 relief would be benefited, and their money prove indeed a 
 blessing, where too often, by injudicious almsgiving, it 
 becomes a curse, by enabling the unknown beggar to brutalize 
 himself with drink, and whilst in this state to abuse his wife 
 and children. AVho gives to us to be expended by our agents, 
 has a moral certainty that his alms will fill no di-unkard's 
 mouth with whiskey — but rather a mother's mouth with 
 bread. It will warm no inebriate's head with the fevered 
 fires of intemperance ; but it will wann the shivering form of 
 girlhood and of womanhood, aye, and too often those of 
 widowhood, who have been bereft by war and disease of those 
 who would have worked for their support, had they been 
 spared to do so. There are hundreds, thousands, of such de- 
 serving poor within the limits of our growing city! Poor, 
 shrinking, modes'" wing women and girls, who live on scanty 
 wages, JTist sufficient to buy food, but not enough to buy fuel 
 and clothing— women who do not seek you— but who must be 
 sought out either by you or yom- agents, or else suffer hunger, 
 cold, or sickness." 
 
 Then, there is the Blind Asylum on Boundary aveime, the 
 Baltimore Orphan Asylum on Strieker street, which has been 
 in active existence since 1801; the Childi-en's Aid Society, 
 founded in 1SG4; the Boys' Home; the German Orphan Asy- 
 lum; the Soldiers' Home; the jMcDonogh School; the Balti- 
 more ;Manual Labor School ; the Infants' Hospital ; the Society 
 for the relief of the Indigent Sick; the Union Protestant 
 Infirmary; the Aged Women's and Aged ]\Ien's H«mes; the 
 various national beneficiary societies; the Young Men's 
 Christian Association, &c. 
 
 The beneficent and secret " societies " and " orders " of Balti- 
 more deserve a chapter to themselves. This city has always 
 been peculiarly distinguished for the interest which its citi- 
 zens take in "societies" and "orders," the wganization of 
 which, Avhether secret or open, is social and ceremonial, and 
 the purposes of which are friendly and benevolent. Such 
 societies have always flourished here, and, in proportion to 
 population, their Baltimore membership is perhaps larger 
 
312 MEMOIUAL VOLUME. 
 
 titan that contriljiitod by any other city. Tlii? proceeds from 
 the fact tliat we are peculiarly a social conununity, and accus- 
 tomed to hrliif,' the principle of association to bear upon the 
 development of our enterprises. From the earliest period 
 Maryland, and particularly Annapolis, was renowned for its 
 many .social clubs. This sort of spirit made the introduction 
 of societies with a ceremonial ritual, a reijular day of meeting, 
 and a plan of benevolent care for and relief of its members, 
 an easy and natural process. 
 
 The ancient and venerable order of Freemasons was early 
 established in our midst. There was a lodge in the country 
 in 17:3:3, from which a Maryland lodge soon sprung up. The 
 war of the revolution partly disorganized this, but in 1783 the 
 Grand Lodge of Maryland was started at Easton, Talbot 
 county, where it renuiined until 1791, when it was removed to 
 Baltimore. The Kev. John Crawford, grand master for a long 
 time, and who died in isi;], brought the Maryland order and 
 the Baltimore lodges into a very flourishing condition. In 
 ISI 1 the corner-stone of the new Masonic Hall (now tlie Cir- 
 cuit Court liouse, on St. Paul street), was laid, the arcliitect 
 being Maximilian (Jodefmi, who also designed the Battle 
 Monument. 
 
 The procession on that day formed at " the riding school on 
 George street," where "Gray's Garden'" (a famous resort In 
 the olden time) used to be, and where also the grand stand of 
 the old Riltimore race course was placed, and thence marched 
 to "the Presbyterian church on Fast street," the site of which 
 is now occupied by the I'nited States Coiu-t House. Tlie 
 masons also took a conspicuous part in laying the corner- 
 stone of the Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad, when the gavel 
 was held by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the " last surviving 
 signer of the Declaration of Independence," and was, with the 
 trowel used on the same occasion, a feature in the procession 
 of the nth of October, 1880. At that day t-heir grand chap- 
 lain Avas Ivev. Dr. Wyatt. The procession started from South 
 Bond street and marched to Gwynn's Falls. When the corner- 
 stone of the Sns(iuohanua road (now the Northern Central) 
 was laid, the jjrocession started from the Masonic Hall. At 
 that time the Knights Temphir was organized and a Boyal 
 
ME.MOHIAI. VOLUME. 313 
 
 Arch cliapter Avas prosont. Tlie gavel was the same one usotl 
 by Washington in hxying the corner-stone of the National 
 Capitol. This same gavel was used again at the laying of the 
 corner-stone of tlie new Masonic Temple in 18(JG. At this pro- 
 cession there were 8,000 men in line. There are at present in 
 Baltimore about 30 lodges of this highly respectable order, 
 numbering about 5,000 members, active and affiliated. 
 
 As the Wildey ^Monument on North Broadway commemo- 
 rates, Odd-Fellowship was introduced in the United States by 
 Thomas Wildey, of Baltimore, the "father" of that order in 
 this country. Wildey's children now number half a million 
 and the order has a revenue of four or five millions. It has 
 expended $70,000,000 in relief of members and families, and 
 done an immense work of charity. "Wasliington Lodge, No. 1, 
 the cradle of American Odd-Fellowship, was established in 
 Baltimore in 1819 by Thomas Wildey and John "Welch, both 
 Englishmen and members of Englisli lodges. They adver- 
 tised a meeting to form a lodge, to be held April 2, 1819, at 
 the Seven Stars tavern, Second street. Five men came 
 togetlier at this tavern on Monday, April 26, 1819, and opened 
 Washington Lodge. It received its warrant from Enghxnd in 
 1821, and thence proceeded onward on its broad career. The 
 Sovereign Grand Lodge of the United States still has its head- 
 quarters in tliis city. The Odd-Fellows' Ilall, on Gay street, 
 was dedicated in 1831, at which time tliere Avere about 1,500 
 members. At present there are in Baltimore 17,500 Odd- 
 Fellows in encampments and lodges. The order has survived 
 all opposition outside of it, and is recognized as an important 
 and valuable social power, doing great works of beneficence 
 and charity, and educating many youth throughout tlie 
 country. The names of Yansant, Ridgely, Garey and others 
 of the Baltimore lodges are acknowledged throughout the 
 country as those of the most inflnential successors of the 
 patriarchs Wildey, Welch, Boyd, Entwisle, Matthiot, Marley. 
 
 The Order of Red ]Men was established in Baltimore in 1833 
 by the founding of Logan Tribe, No. 1. In 1835 the Great 
 Council of Maryland was organized in this city. This order 
 has a handsome hall on Paca street, dedicated in 1856, and 
 numbers a good many wigwams in the Grand Council. The 
 
314 MEMOKI.VI, VOLUME. 
 
 Independent Order of Red Men, which meets in Metaniora 
 Hall, Lombard street, near Hanover, was founded in 1847. 
 
 Tlie Order of Knig'hts of Pythias was instituted in this city 
 in 18G7, November 27, when two lodges were started. It has 
 grown rapidly, and now has a larfi:e and influential membei"- 
 ship. The Order of Heptasophs, the Knights of the Golden 
 Eagle, the Sons of Jonadiib, the Independent Order of 
 Mechanics, tlie Order of United American Mechanics, the For- 
 resters and the Royal Arcanum, are all societies of the same 
 class, with a large membershii> here in this city. It is often 
 the case that a man becomes a member of several of these 
 orders at once, and their influence in one way or another per- 
 meates the social system of our city to a remarkable extent. 
 The colored people have a great number of these societies, 
 under different names, some of which must be at lea.st fifty 
 years old. The greater part of the secret societies of Balti- 
 more were represented in the several parades of the week in 
 a very creditable way. 
 
 The temperance societies, some of which are secre^, some 
 with ritual and ceremonial, like those of other orders, are old 
 institutions in this city, and the Sons of Temperance were at 
 one time very strong in membership. Tlie earliest temper- 
 ance society Avas founded here in 1.S21), Avhen, on October 6th, 
 a meeting was held a. the Atlienaeum, at which Judge Brice 
 presided. The " Washingtonians" was tiie earliest consider- 
 able society which took up the temperance cause. These 
 societies are now numerous, but the Washingtonians seem to 
 have disappeared. The Catholic temperance societies, whidi 
 are of comparatively recent establishment, have a very large 
 membership, and do much good, as do all the societies in the 
 interest of this important and inestimably valuable reform. 
 The parade of the temperance societies, Thursday and Friday, 
 gave spectators a good idea of their strength in this com- 
 munity. 
 
 In the way of societies representing nationalities, there are. 
 besides the Society of the Cincinnati, which is composed of 
 the descendants of the heroes of the Continental army of the 
 Revolution, and still has representatives in Baltimore, there 
 are the Hibernian and St. Patrick's Societies, the St. George'.s, 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 315 
 
 the St. Andrew's, tlie German Society, and the Italian and 
 Frencli Benevolent Societies. These organizations were early 
 established to promote immigration and succor needy and 
 sick immigrants, and they also seek to keep up memories 
 of fatherland in the minds of its members and associates. 
 Tlie German Society, a most respectable organization, was 
 founded in 1784, and incorporated in 181-5, and has done much 
 good. It was the pioneer of all the numerous German soci- 
 eties which now exist in this city. The St. Andrew's Society, 
 which held the right of the line Thursday, was formed in 
 1806, and incorporated in 1814. The St. George's Society was 
 founded in 1800, and it and the St. Andrew's have always been 
 famous for their annual dinners, which have made many a 
 gourmand wish himself, for the nonce, at least, a Xorth or 
 South Briton. The way those trenchermen used to sing " God 
 Save the Queen " and " Auld Lang Syne " after midnight, was a 
 caution. The rumor is current, but has no foundation, that 
 each member of the St. Andrew's Society has to buy a bottle 
 of liniment and rub his knees after every procession in which 
 he sports the tartan, claymore, bonnet and ijhillibeg. 
 
 The Hibernian Society was founded in 180-3, and incorpor- 
 ated in 1817. The St. Patrick's Society was founded in June, 
 181-5, by Rev. John Francis i\Ioranville, the pastor of St. Pat- 
 rick's Church. In 1824 John Oliver, who had been president 
 of the Hibernian Society, bequeathed to it §20,000 for the 
 endowment of a free school, which was built on Xortli street, 
 and occupied in 1827. All these societies have received con- 
 siderable sums of money since they were founded and have 
 done an immense amount of good. Later orders of this class 
 are the French and Italian benevolent societies, which include 
 in their membership the greater part of the best and most 
 active gentlemen of these nationalities in our city. They 
 look after their compatriots with faithful care and consider- 
 ation, and take a jjroud interest in Baltimore, as their part in 
 the processions witnessed. 
 
 The benevolent societies of the Catholic Church, which 
 does not countenance secret societies, are very numerous. It 
 is impossible to give even their names in a brief sketch of 
 
316 MEMORIAL VOLL'ME. 
 
 this sort, and they have legions of meinber.s. They perform 
 an important part in the economy of this active church and 
 spoke for tliemselves on parade, Thursday. The Hebrew 
 benevolent societies occupy a similar relation to the people 
 of that ancient faith. 
 
 The fust agricultural society in the United States waa 
 formed in Baltimore, March 3d, IT.SG. Of this society Harry 
 Dorsey Gough was the first president, and Zebulon Hollings- 
 worth tlie earliest secretary. At the same time a society was 
 founded, called " The Association of Tradesmen and Manufac- 
 turers in Baltimore Town," the members of which determined 
 to wear none but goods of home manufacture. The Society 
 for Promoting Useful Knowledge was founded in bSOU; the 
 Medical Society in 17.S9, and the Baltimore Anti-Slaveiy 
 Society the same year. The old Academy of Sciences was 
 started in 1819 and incorporated in 182G, to be revived again 
 in 18G3. 
 
 The Wildey (Odd-Fellows'j Monument, on North Broadway- 
 commemorates, in an emphatic way, the truth of the text, 
 "how great a matter a little fire kiiulleth." In the year 1819, 
 two obscure Englishmen, one of whom was Thomas Wildey, 
 then residing in this city, put an advertisement in the Balti- 
 more American to the following effect : 
 
 "Notice to all Opd-Fellows. — A few membei-s of the 
 society of Odd-Fellows will be glad to meet their brethren 
 for consultation upon the subject of forming a Lodge. The 
 meeting will be held on Friday evening, the "id March, 1819." 
 
 This advertisement was continued for one month, but failed 
 to assemble a sufficient number for the purpose indicated, and 
 again the advertisement was reinserted in the same paper on 
 the 27th day of March, 1819, which produced the desired 
 effert. On the 13th day of April, 1819, Messi-s. John Welch, 
 John Duncan, John Cheatham and Richard Kushworth assem- 
 bled at the dwelling of Thomas Wildey, aiul arranged Avith 
 him the preliminaries for the formation of a Lodge of Odd- 
 Fellows, and on the iOth day of the .'^ame mouth and year the 
 purpose was consummated by the Institution of Washington 
 Lodge 2Co. 1 
 
MEJIOmAL A GLUME. 317 
 
 Judge Garey, in an eloquent address at tlie dedication of 
 Wildey's monument, summed up the sequel: 
 
 "The inscription upon his tomb is thus written in the 
 archives of the order: 'Four hundred and twenty-seven 
 thousand members initiated ; twenty-one millions of dollars 
 paid into the treasury; more than five millions of dollai-s 
 paid for needful and ordinary expenses; about nine millions 
 of dollars to bury the dead, nurse the sick and educate the 
 orphan, with a fund in reserve for the same purposes, of about 
 seven millions of dollars; five hundred and sixty thousand 
 brothers relieved; thirty-eight thousand bereaved ' families 
 administered to; and in IMaryland alone, about three thou- 
 sand orphans educated, and more than five hundred placed at 
 trades or other industrial employments; thousands of noble 
 structures dedicated to the purposes of the order; numerous 
 and splendid libraries opened freely to the membership, and 
 an influence through that membership directly exerted upon 
 more than one million individuals of the race ! ' 
 
 " Baltimore has been called the City of ^Monuments ; over- 
 looking her spires, her marts, her mansions, her riches and her 
 teeming population, the ' Father of the Comitry ' in majestic 
 marble adorns her; while in humbler proportions the shaft 
 inscribed Avith the names of ISIaryland's illustrious dead. Nor 
 is it luiworthy or presumptuous that this pile should rise to 
 "Wildey where the honored patriots and the Pater PafrUe are 
 made immortal, for Wildey is no longer a man, but a ^>r/ft- 
 ciple, for he has embodied himself in American Odd-Fellow- 
 ship; his enlarged philanthropy has passed through the 
 hearts of men like fij-e from heaven, and his works are sculp- 
 tured in rising temples of benevolence and obligations of 
 fi-aternity among the thousands that survive him." 
 
 The Grand Lodge of ^lasons in Maiyland was formed by a 
 convention of the several lodges of Ancient York Masons, 
 which met in Easton, Talbot county, April 7th, 1783. The 
 first lodge in the country was commissioned in 1733 by Lord 
 Montague, the then Grand blaster of Kngland, who designated 
 Henry Price, of Boston, his Deputy fur the Colonies. Undei 
 this commission lodges were organized in this country and 
 
318 MKMUKIAI. VOLIME. 
 
 tlio Britisli islaiuls, as far north as Halifax and as far south as 
 8t. Kitts and Siivinani. There was some conflict between 
 those lioldiuK under the .Scottish rite and those of St. John's, 
 but the Maryland lodges, which had previously been subordi- 
 nate to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, compromised their 
 differences at the Easton Convention and formed a Grand 
 Lodge for the State. Tliis Gi"and Lodge, thus constituted, 
 is in full authority still in Maryland and Baltimore. The 
 present ^Ia.sonic Temple, on Charles street, cost §400,000, and 
 is one of .the handsomest structures in the city. 
 
 The Temperance Alliance, which has i-ather superseded the 
 old Sons and Cadets of Temperance, is an active organization, 
 under the presidency of William Daniel, with C. S. IMosher, 
 secretary. lieceutly its chief efforts have been in the direc- 
 tion of local option. 
 
 At a State Teini)orancc Convention held in the Charles 
 Street Methodist Church, April, ISGG, a new organization was 
 commenced under the above title, of which the following 
 articles give the full character and design : 
 
 L IJesolved, That Ave establish a permanent organization, 
 to be called the Total Abstinence League of Maryland and 
 District of Columbia, and adopt the folloAving pledge : " I 
 promise that I will not use intoxicating liquors, nor traflic in 
 them, as a beverage ; that I will not provide them as an 
 article of entertainment, or for pei-sons in my employment, 
 and that in all suitable ways I will discountenance their use 
 throughout the community." 
 
 2. Kesolved, As members of this League, we will use all our 
 influence to secure a prohibitory law for the suppression of 
 the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and that wo 
 recommend the fi-iends of temperance throughout the State 
 to use their influence in the same direction. 
 
 3. Besolved, That the parent society be located in this city, 
 and shall n\eet (luarterly, in January, April, July and October, 
 and shall be composed of delegates from all auxiliary Leagues 
 of the State and District of Columbia. 
 
 4. Resolved further. That the increase of intemperance 
 among young men does imperatively call upon all who feel 
 
MEMORIAL VOLUME. 319 
 
 an interest in rescuing them from the temptations to the sin 
 and degradation of drunkenness, to bestir themselves, and 
 unitedly co-operate in any and every effort to save them from 
 this terrible evil. 
 
 That no man has a right, no matter what be the license 
 from the State, to demoralize the community, by holding out 
 inducements and temptations to lead astray and corrupt our 
 youth. 
 
 That vre would iirgently press upon all teachers, whether in 
 public schools or Sabbath schools, and all who have in charge 
 the education and training of the young, to set before their 
 minds the great evils of intemperance, and the importance of 
 early forming the habit of abstaining from everytliing that 
 would tend to make them drunkards. 
 
 That every community has a right, and the people of it owe 
 it as a duty to themselves, their children, their faniilies and 
 their neighbors, to use such means as they can, and secure the 
 authority of the State to keep from their midst, gi'Og shops 
 and places where drinking is encouraged. 
 
 That the indiscriminate license to sell intoxicating liquors 
 as a beverage, without any security for the preservation of 
 good order and protection of the young, is as demoralizing as 
 it would be to license theft, prostitution and gambling, and 
 calls loudly upon citizens to see in the selection of candidates 
 for the Legislature, that no man is in nomination who will 
 not use his influence in protecting the State from such an 
 uncontrolled and unrestrained evil. 
 
 That no man should be permitted to sell intoxicating 
 liquors in any district of any county in the State, or any ward 
 of the city, unless he shall have the recommendation of at 
 least twelve freeholders within two miles of tlie place in the 
 county, or within two squares in a city, adjacent to where he 
 designs to sell, and that tliey should certify to his character, 
 that he will not make his liouse a place to corrupt and tempt 
 men to drunkenness. 
 
 That the use of intoxicating drinks to influence, corrupt or 
 bribe men at elections, to operate on legislators in influencing 
 them, and the keeping of what is called an open house to 
 secure a vote to carry or reject a law, is putting the rights of 
 
320 Mi:.MUl!IAL VoLLME. 
 
 citizens and their property to tlie liigliest mm, brandy or 
 eluinipatrne bidder. 
 
 Tliat when pnblic men, for their own gratification, or who, 
 under the mistalien idea that when they wish to honor visi- 
 tors, they are at liberty to use public money to pay for 
 liquors, which make them and their visitors drunk, it is 
 unjust to their constituents and an insult to their visitore 
 whom they tempt to drunkenness, and comes as such under 
 tlie woe denounced of God against him who giveth his neigh- 
 bor drink. (Ilab. ii: 15.) 
 
 That he who will suffer men to offer him liquor when the 
 same is known to be for the purpose of buying him over to 
 vote for any bill, ought never to l)e elected; and any man or 
 men who will offer liquor for the purpose of influencing legis- 
 latoi"s, should be punished as criminals who are trying to 
 defraud innocent and unsuspecting citizens; and it is a duty 
 whicli every man in the community owes to himself and 
 society, to see that uo such man be nominated or elected to 
 office. 
 
 That as organizations are formed for the purpose of effect- 
 ing a repeal of the Sunday Law, and license to sell on that 
 day, and as their declaration is but the embodiment among 
 us of tliose infidel principles which led to the abolishing of 
 Christianity and the Sabbath in the time of the Reign of 
 Terror in France, it is the duty of every friend of good order, 
 every moral man and every Christian, to stand steadfast in 
 resisting it. 
 
 Resolved, Tliat while we recognize the zeal and fidelity with 
 which the " Sons of Temperance " and the " Washingtonians " 
 have served the temperance cause, we nevertheless desire to 
 exercise a more extended influence against the ti-affic in 
 licpior by uniting all the temperance men in the State. 
 
 Tliose who, while recognizing the evils of intemperance and 
 the dangers of tippling, are not willing to pledge themselves 
 and surrender their wills so comi)letely as is required in the 
 above-quoted formula, may still find themselves in a position 
 to promote the great cause of temperance by subscribing to 
 other organizations, chiefly of the Catholic and Episcopal 
 churches, which insist upon moderation while not exacting 
 
MEMOUTAL VOLlMi:. 321 
 
 compulsory pledges of total abstiueiicc, or sookiiii,'- to mako 
 the State enforce what it is the duty of each individual will 
 to exert itself to bring about. 
 
 In concluding at this point the enumeration of the resources 
 of Baltimore and the Memorial Volume, the editor is quite 
 conscious that he has not done the subject entire justice. It 
 was impossible, of course, to measure off and survey every 
 part of so wide and various a field. Some things had to be 
 ignored, many to be treated superficially and in a line often 
 when they seemed to merit a page. This was inevitable from 
 the character of such a work. But the editor still claims that 
 he has succeeded in one thing, and that is a great matter: he 
 has exercised his own unbiased, and, so far as he can deter- 
 mine, his impartial judgment from the first page to the last; 
 he has welcomed the criticisms of the committee while refus- 
 ing to be bound unconditionally by their opinions; he has 
 held himself resolutely aloof from the influences which some- 
 times prejudice the preparation of books of this sort, in which 
 the presence of 30,000 names is liable to invite the entrance 
 of 30,000 more; he has puffed nobody, advertised none, and 
 is responsible for all the volume contains. Its errors and 
 defects are his, and he acknowledges them with no sense of 
 guilt, since the book is as free from such casualties as it could 
 have been made under such circumstances. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Mr. George Savage, the Mayor's Secretary, wlio discharged the vastly accumu- 
 lated duties of liis always onerous office, during the Sesqui-Centennial period witli 
 his usual tact and intelligence and with that rare courtesy of his which never fails 
 to rise to the height of any emergency, has forwarded to the editor quite a hox of 
 documents incident to the celebration, with the view of having appropriate selec- 
 tions made from them. These selections must necessarily be few, since a second 
 volume is not to be dreamed of 
 
 The police, at the suggestion of Mr. F. P. Stevens, undertook during the Cen- 
 tennial week to make an envelope collection for the needy. The following is the 
 result : 
 
 The Sesqui-Centennial contribution received from citizens of Baltimore, through 
 the Postoffice, for distribution among the poor and needy of the city by the Police 
 Dei)artmcnt, amounted in the aggregate to four hundred and thirty-three dollars 
 (1433.38) and thirty-eight cents. Tlie largest amount received in any one envelope 
 was eleven ($11) dollars. Several envelopes contained each five ($.5) dollars. The 
 total amount above mentioned was divided in six equal portions between the 
 several statiou houses, for distribution, as follows: Eastern District, $72.33; North- 
 Eastern District, $?3.23 ; Middle District, |;73.23 ; Western District, $72.23; North- 
 Western District, S72.23 ; Southern District, §72.23— total, $433.38. A further sura 
 of sis dollars (S6.30) and thirty cents was received from the same source and for 
 the same purpose, and was handed to Capt. John Lannau for distribution among 
 the poor and needy of the Middle District Grand total, $439.98. 
 
 C. 
 
 Action (if the Italian Societies. 
 
 B.\LTi.MORE, October 20tli, 18S0 
 Hon. F. C. L.\trobe, Mayor of Baltimore : 
 
 Sir ; — We, the undersigned, executive committee appointed by the two Italian 
 societies of Baltimore, the Unione e Fratellanza and the Cristoforo Colombo, for 
 the purpose of placing at the disposal of the city of Baltimore their ship, the 
 " Santa JIaria," a fac simile of the vessel with which the great Genoese explorer 
 Christoforo Colombo discovered America, have now the pleasure of presenting her 
 to your Honor, as chief executive of the city. 
 
324 APPENDIX. 
 
 And we offer licr to the city not only as a memento of the grand and glorious 
 Sesqui-Centennial, but also as a feeble token of our affection for this great city, 
 where we have cast our lot, and with whose welfare and progress that of the 
 Italian residents of Baltimore is indissolubly united. 
 
 We will therefore ask your Honor to indicate to us the time and i)lace most suit- 
 able and convenient for the city to receive this vessel, built, and until now owned 
 by the Italian Haltimoreans ; and tendering the assurances of our highest respect, 
 wc have the honor to subscribe ourselves 
 
 Your obedient servants. 
 
 C. S. DkFontes, Ouiirman, 
 
 M. PiSA.M, 
 
 M. Vic.Mii, 
 
 F. DeFontes, 
 
 J. J. Valentine, 
 
 P. CONTE, 
 L. RoTTANZ, 
 
 G. PlI'ETONE, 
 
 G. Pessaoso, 
 
 D. Pessagno. 
 
 This ship was duly accepted. 
 
 D. 
 
 Subscribers contributing sums aliove ?100 towards providing the Sesqui-Cen- 
 tennial Committee with needful funds, were as follows: Rob't Garrett & Sons, 
 $1,000; Alexander IJrown & Sons, $500; A. S. Abell, $300; CarroUton Hotel, 
 $300; Barnum's Hotel, $250; E. L. Parker &, Co., $200; Oden Bowie, $200; 
 Baltimore United Oil Company, $300. Sums collected: Wm. Eckhardt, liquor 
 dealers, $175; Geo. M. Bokee, china and glassware, $150; Ale.x. Frank, bankers and 
 brokers, $280; Reed & Mercer, East Baltimore committee, $340; John L. Sickel, 
 notion dealers, $105; A Kummer, shipping merchants, $003; Wm. J Montague, 
 insurance, S305 ; August Shafer, tailors, $35 ; Chas. A. Vogcler, drugs, paints and 
 oils, $240 i Edward Connolly, hats and caps, $1G5 ; Wm. A. Boyd, tobacco, $332 
 
 E. 
 Contributions of $100 each were received from John S. Gilman, President 
 Second National Bank, George Gail, Deford & Co., W. E. Hooper & Co., H. C 
 Smith, Armstrong, Cator it Co., E. Pratt, Adams Express Company, Hurst, Pur- 
 nell & Co., I M. Parr & Son, Thomas Pierce, J. S Williams & Bro., J. Knox & Co , 
 R. Stewart & Co., John W. McCoy, Baker Bros. & Co., George Small, Palai)seo 
 Guano Company, C. A. Gambrill & Co., II. Sisson, E. Jenkins & Son, Woodward, 
 Baldwin & Co., Wiesonfekl & Co , S M. Shoemaker, Wm. Devries & Co., John 
 Merryman it Co., Baltimore Steam Packet Company, Mayor Latrobe, R. Q. Taylor 
 & Co., Ulman, Goldsborough it Foster, W T. Walters & Co , Gottschalk it Co., R. 
 J. Slater, John W. Hall, Gill & Fisher, H. Easter it Sons, J S. Gary & Son, J. C. 
 Gratllin & Co., German Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore, A. Scliuraacher, 
 
APPENDIX. 325 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Company, Tlios. Wliitridge, Sani'l G. Wyman, Thomsen 
 & Muth, McKim Newall & Borie, W. E. Woodall & Co., Poole & Hunt, R. A. 
 Fisher & Co. 
 
 Sums above |.50 were contributed by J. A. Horuer & Co., |75; Rob't Lawson it- 
 Co., |60. 
 
 Contributions of $.50 eacli Iiy Marburg Bros., P. T. George & Co., Keen 6c llag- 
 gerty. Pope, Cole & Co., W. H. Perot, Hodges Bros., Phillips Bros. & Co., D. Miller 
 & Co., Spencc, Montague & Co., Wm. Knabc & Co., ^Y. B. Brooks, J. A. Dusbane 
 & Co., Hurst, Miller & Co., Townsend, Whiteley & Co., Brown & Bros., Johnson, 
 Sutton & Co., Field, Lindley & Co., J. D. Kremelberg & Co., Washington Booth, 
 T. R. Jenkins & Son, Wm. Wilkens & Co., Shaw Bros., W. T. Dixon & Bro., R. 
 Renncrt, Isaac Albertson, W. Lanaban & Son, Jenkins Bros., Milmine, Bodman & 
 Co., Walsh & Reaney, Mount Vernon Company, Barkley & Hasson, J. P. Pleasants 
 & Sons, Alexander Gregg & Co., cash, J. B. & Co., James Corner & Sous, Kej-ser 
 Bros. & Co., Troxell, Handy & Greer, Malster & Reaney, Canton Company, 
 Cassard Bros. & Co., R. K. Hawley, Hugh Bolton & Co., W. Davisson & Co., 
 Straus Bros., J. Alex. Shriver, Maltby House, (C. R. Hogan,) and Wm. Nichius. 
 
 Twenty-five dollar subscriptions each from Sickel, Hillen & Co., Isaac Green- 
 baum & Sons, Joseph Selby, H. J. Farber & Co., Klinefelter & Bro., Shriver & Bro., 
 Wm. A. Boyd & Co., B. F. Parlett & Co., Barker & Waggner, G. H. M. Marriott, 
 
 E. Larrabee & Sons, Edward Connolly & Sons, Frank &, Hammerslaugh, Frank 
 Rosenberg & Co., Stein Bros., AVilson, Colston & Co., John A. Whitridge, Brown 
 & Lowndes, J. A. Sprigg, II. H. HoUister & Co., Middendorf, Oliver & Co., .lohn A. 
 Hambleton & Co., W. L. Wolf & Co., F. W. Feigner & Son, R. Hough & Co., J, A. 
 Dobson, Shirley & Son, R. P. Bayley & Co., Newbold & Sons, Chandlee, Quarles 
 & Co., Moritz & Kcidel, Prj-or & Ililgenberg, W. W. Schweckendick & Co., Philip 
 
 F. Gehrman & Co., James E. Stansbiiry, Humrichhouse, Baylies & Co., Clark & 
 Jones, Calvin Chesnut, Wilson, Burns & Co., T. A. Brown & Co., Charles Markell, 
 Guggenheimer & Co., Leibrandt & McDowell, Jacob Trust, S. H. & J. F. Adams, 
 Lafflin & Rand, Owens & Scott, C. Sidney Norris & Co., B. C. Bibb, Hilles, Boyd & 
 Co., Moj-lan & Johnson, Bennett Bros., Henry Janes, Edwin Bennett, John S. 
 Hogg, Edward Walters, G. Ober & Sons, P. Zell & Son, J. Q. A. Ilolloway, The 
 Popplein Silicated Phosphate Company, Lorcntz & Rittler, Liebig & Gibbons, 
 Warfield S. Dunan, Marjdand Fertilizing Manufacturing Company, Chesapeake 
 Guano Company, Joshua Horner & Co., Morton D. Banks, Gunther & Fink, D. 
 Wilfson, Rosendale & Co., A. H. Stewart & Son, Hoover Bros , J. E. Bird & Co , 
 SIcDowcll & Co., n. J. Werdebaugh, Rouse, Hcmpstone & Co., Coleman & Rogers, 
 Mordecai & Smith, Miller Bros., Norris, Latham & Co., Cushings & Bailey, Bur- 
 gunder & Ambach, Hutzler Bros., Lauer & Co., Ross Campbell & Co., J. Stellman 
 & Co., T. J. Magrudcr, H. Maslin & Co., Von Kapff & Co., Adams, Buck & Co., 
 Grotj.an, IMitchell & Co., Kerngood Bros., Young, Kimmel & Diggs, Towner, Laud- 
 street & Co., D. H. Jr. & S. V. Miller, H. G. Vickery & Co., Ryland & Brooks, Dr. 
 Thom, Thomas Matthews & Sons, Price & Hcald, E. M. Lazarus & Co., Wedge & 
 Co., E. E. Jackson & Co., Samuel Burns & Co., R. T. Waters & Son, Heisc & Bruns. 
 George F. Sloan & Bro., Moulton Bros., James Carey »fc Co., J. S. & G. R. Berry, 
 
326 APPENDIX. 
 
 Geo. 8. Sadtler & Sons, Hennegan, Bates & Co., Lyon, Conklin & Co., T. C. Basslior 
 & Co., C. F. Pilt & Son, Swindell Bros., D. J. Foley, Bros. & Co., Rosrirc & Koc , 
 Darby & Co., Carroll, Adams & Co., Whcdbee & Dickinson, Tate, MiilUr & Co., 
 Miurdecai &, Co., Buck, Htflkbower & Necr, McDowell & Co., Elliart, Witz & Co., 
 Shipley, Uoaue & Co., Meredith & Co., Laurence Thomsen, C. \V. Single & Co., 
 Tyson & Bro., Newcomer & Co., AVylie, Smith & Co , L. Seldner & Son, Loney & 
 Co., O. Brehme & Co., D. Ilolliday & Co., R. AV. Walter & Co., Pearro Bros. & Co , 
 George P. Frick, North Baltimore Passenger Railway Company, diaries 11. Myers 
 & Bro., Thomas Boylan, E. D. Bigelow & Co., Conklin Bros. & Co., AV. P. Ilarvey 
 & Co., C. H. Ross & Co , W. B. McAtee, Baer & Bro.s., S. P. Phillips & Co , D. D. 
 Mallory & Co., A. Booth, E. B. Mallory & Co., Ballimore Oyster Company, C. S. 
 Maltby, Tliomas Kensett & Co., J. B. Brinkley & Sons, Smitli & Wicks, Moore & 
 Brady, L. McMurray & Co., IL A. Waidner & Co., Woodside & Griffllh, Matthews 
 &, Kirkland, R. B. Porter & Son, R. J. Baker & Co., IL R. McNally & Co., D. W. 
 Glass & Co., Di.\ & Wilkins, Day, Jones & Co., G. B. Chase & Co., R. G. Dunn & 
 Co., Rouse, Ilempstone & Co., Iliggins, Cobb & Co., J. C. Ran & Co., J. Parkhurst 
 & Co., Associated Firemen's Insurance Company, Cummings & Co , Carlin & 
 Fulton, Findley, Roberts & Co., Jacob Trust, C Slack & Co., Geigan & Co., J. G. 
 Harvey, Baltimore News Company, Henry Sonneborn & Co., Allen Paine, Son & 
 Co., B. C. Bibb & Son, Gfcorgc Gunther, Maryland White Lead Company, J. Henry 
 Stickney 
 
 Tliirty dollars each by Rinehardt, Myers & Co., Likes, Berwanger & Co and 
 HofTman, Lee & Co. 
 
 The contributors of sums of one dollar to twenty dollars numbered hundreds of 
 names — nearly every he^d of a family in tlic city, in -addition to tlic public and 
 advertised subscriptions, spending money lil)erally in decorations, contributing to 
 the funds for illuminating parks and Bf|uares, embellishing his own premises and 
 laying in provisions for the entertainment of guests during the festival. The sum 
 of this outlay, which of course can only be estimated in gross, was very large, and 
 it is in itself the best testimonial wliich can lie afforded to the general interest of 
 the community in the celebration. The total collections aggregated $20,807, which 
 it was considered would be (piite sufficient, with an appropriation liy the city of 
 $10,000, and this latter sum it was understood in advance would be forthcoming. 
 
 G. 
 
 ExPKsniTrnEs in Paut : 
 
 Appropriations by Municipal E.xeculivc Committee to German decorations, 
 tbiouirh Mr. Barllctt, $i!,000; military, firemen and police, througli Gen'l Herbert, 
 lJ2,nni); iiublic school cliildrcn, etc., through J. T. Morris, President, $1,01)0; 
 Knights Templar through Marshal Hanaway, $500; Knights of Pythias, through 
 Judge Lindsay, $200; Historical Society, through J. H. B. Latrobe, President, 
 |500; Sunday Schools, through T. J. Magruder, $100; three hundred tin cups, at 
 $12 a hundred, from Mr. Shacfcr, $30; old volunteer firemen, througli Mr. Holloway 
 and Mr. Aug Albert, $ir)0; mardi gras, through Corn and Flour E.\change Com- 
 mittee, Henry Turner, Chairman, $1,000; Baltimore Postoftice Department, 
 through Gen'l E. B. Tyler, $200; Maryland State militia, through Gen'l J. W. 
 
APPENDIX. 327 
 
 Watkiiis, $100; House of Refuge, through Dr. Graves, f200; Wm. Montague Con- 
 nolly, advertising, |3.50; For grand sarred concert, Druid Hill Park, Sunday, 
 October 17th, through J. II. Rosewald, Director, .$50; F. P. Stevens, for clerks, 
 postage, etc., $325.37; Daniel Miller & Co., for arch, $200; No. 7 Engine House, for 
 arch, $100; St. Mary's Industrial School, $200; Sunday Schools, (additional), .$400; 
 Knights of the Golden Eagle, $73 ; Mexican Veterans, $75 ; colored people, $200 ; 
 Knights of Pythias, $100; Odd-Fellows, $200; Red Men, $100; Maryland Institute, 
 $100; Custom House, $200; programmes for guests, $110; Charles Bartell, $83U.0(>; 
 Grand Army Republic, $100; Sisco Bros., $148.G0; Morion D. Banks, $10.50; 
 George Armistead, $24.62; Carrollton Hotel, $104..5O; .lohn B. Piet, $39.45; Hcnnert 
 House, $42.75; Aug. Bouldin, $100; W. H. Shaffer, .$526; T. L. Jones, $119.50; 
 Daniel Miller & Co., $100; E. S. Schultz, $123; Barnura & Co., $43.50; Guggen- 
 hcimer & Weil, $268; Coliu Stewart, $354.50; Liudcu Avenue stables, $253. 
 
 H. 
 
 REPORT OF THE SESQUI-CBNTENNIAL MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE. 
 To Hon. Ferdin.^nd C. Latkobe, Mayor of Baltimore : 
 
 Sir: — The Municipal E.vecutivc Committee having in charge, by your appoint- 
 ment, the celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding 
 of Baltimore, and to whom was entrusted the e.xpcnditures of the funds collected 
 for the expenses of the late Sesqui-Centennial celebration, beg leave to submit to 
 your Honor a final report of receipts and expenses. The amount collected was 
 $30,683.85, and the expenses aggregated $19,336.27, leaving on hand a b.alance of 
 $1,357.48, with unpaid subscriptions amounting to $300, all of which was appro- 
 priated by the committee to the committee appointed by your Honor to prepare a 
 memorial volume of the history of the celebration. 
 
 A detailed statement of the expenses, with proper vouchers for every item, 
 accompanies the report, and will explain not only how the funds were expended, 
 but will also show that the strictest care and economy were exercised. The largest 
 item in the account was expended under the approval of the German Executive 
 Committee, and amounted to $3,057.64. This sum was expended chidly upon the 
 magnificent tableaux that illustrated the history and progress of the city for the 
 ceutur}^ and a half, and which, in detail and finish, in ornament, and truth in repre- 
 sentation, have never been equaled in this country. For advertising in the news- 
 papers of the city the sum of $1,309.73 was paid; for lunches and meals at hotels, 
 $1,210.75; for entertaining the visiting military, $1,019.75. Tliese arc the largest 
 items of expense in the account, an examination of which will show the publicity 
 and hospitality required by the occasion were carefully and economically obtained. 
 The parades of the civic societies, public schools, and the entertainment of guests, 
 made up the larger portion of the expenses. We invite a careful examination of 
 the accounts and vouchers. 
 
 The universal satisfaction that has been expressed at the success of this celebra- 
 tion might render it unnecessary for this connnittee to do more than, in a general 
 way, to call attx?ntiou to the harmony and concert of action which characterized 
 the efforts of every department of the management, and to the zeal and industry 
 which marked the hard labor of every member of the various sub-committees; but 
 
328 APPENDIX. 
 
 wc cannot close our laliors without expressing the confidence that this celebration 
 has not been without material advantage to the business welfare, as well as to the 
 reputation for hospitality already enjoyed by the city. The parades, which, for a 
 whole week illustrated the growth, the enterprise, the capital, the taste and the 
 liberality and hospitality of Baltimore, were not merely displays of art and inge- 
 nuity, but in detail and magnitude they embraced the arts, the commerce, the 
 manufactures, the trade, the education, the civic societies, the military, and above 
 all, the happiness and prosperity of our people. Completed without accident or 
 injury, they have left behind them the memory of a great event, joyously celebrated 
 and recorded, and presented Baltimore to the whole country as a city capable of 
 great enterprises and splendid achievements in all the branches of business. 
 
 That week of festivity has not been without material benefit to the city. The 
 vast crowds of visitors, aggregating, it is believed, 350,000 persons from beyond the 
 citj- limits, could not have visited and remained among us without stimulating the 
 trade andbusiness of our people. The decorations that beautified the streets put 
 money into the hands of those who must spend it within the city; thus, merchant, 
 mechanic and tradesman were directly benefited even by a week of holiday and 
 pleasure. It is the testimony of many of our largest wholesale houses, that not- 
 withstanding the vast crowds that filled the streets, their sales were largely 
 increased, and the foundations of an extended and improved trade were laid even 
 while pleasure was apparently uppermost in every mind. That week of festivity 
 may teach the lesson that pleasure maybe made to play a useful part even in trade, 
 and that money expended in attracting large crowds to the city is not wasted, but 
 returns with increased interest. We cannot close this report without availing 
 ourselves of the opportunity to thank you for the earnest and energetic efforts you 
 have made to further the aims of the committee in making the celebration a suc- 
 cess, and for the many acts of kindness which we have received from you since the 
 committee began its labors. ' 
 
 (Signed,) Fbancis P. Stevens, Ghaii-man. 
 
 J. TiioM.\s Scn.\nF, Secretary. 
 James R. Heuueut, 
 John T. Foud, 
 HENitY C. Smith, 
 January 13, 1881 Committee. 
 
FERDINAND C. LATROBE, Mayor. 
 INO. A. ROBB. Register. CHARLES WEBB, Collector. 
 
 JOSHUA VANSANT, Co.mptroller. 
 
 CITY COUNCIL. 
 
 FIRST BR.IXCH. 
 
 JoHX Stewart, President. 
 Dr. John D. Flske. 
 Thomas H. Hamilton. 
 Samuel E. Atkinson. 
 William J. Kelly. 
 J AS. St. Lawrence Perry. 
 Joshua Horner, Jr. 
 John M. Getz. 
 John Meer.s. 
 John J. Mahon. 
 
 Henry G. Fledderman. 
 D. GiRAUD Wright. 
 James E. Weaver. 
 Alvin Eobertson. 
 Michael E. Mooney. 
 Jacob Schenkel. 
 Henry Sanders. 
 James Broumel. 
 M. Alexander Miller. 
 John Dobson. 
 
 SECOXD BRANCH. 
 
 Aquilla H. Greenfield, President. 
 
 William Stevens. 
 
 Samuel A. Clagett. 
 
 John McWilliams. 
 
 Dr. D. Caldwell Ireland. 
 
 J. Frank Lewis. 
 Dr. J. Pembroke Thom. 
 J. Cooper Toner. 
 Robert A. Poulton. 
 John F. Weyler. 
 
ARTIST'S NOTE. 
 
 Some remarks iu explauation of the illustrations may be acceptable. 
 
 It would be impossible, in the liniilcd spnce of fifteen plates, to present all of 
 interest comprised in tlie six days' pageant, and I have therefore endeavored to 
 group in historic sequence and artistii^ harmony the more noteworthy objects. 
 The processional picture optns with the Mayor of 1880 and his aids and acolytes, 
 preceding the heralds and the Knight of Maryland who are escorted by gentle- 
 men of St. Marie's. The car representing Religious Toleration, thougli appearing 
 in tlie later days' procession, appropriately belongs to this period. The car of 
 the Harugiiri or Ancient Order of Druids, recalls the old Baal-tlgh-mor of Pheni- 
 cian Erin. Now follow the Aboriginal Lodge and Captain Smitli the discoverer of 
 the site of Baltimore. The Arms of th<! Calverls, Barons of Baltimore and 
 Avalon, are a key to the peculiar colors :iud syiohols of the celebration, and, with 
 the Seal of Maryland, in plate 7, show the di-tinctiou between the heraldic bear- 
 ing of the fainily of Calvert and those of the S'.ate or Earldom of which the Lords 
 Baltimore were proprietors. The Log-Cabin, with the Court-House and the Bench 
 and Bar and the figures characteristic of colonial days introduce Baltimore town 
 before the Revolution. The "Maryland Line," famous for their bayonet charges, 
 and their martyred Delvalb, clear the way for the Emigrant wagon, wliich is fol- 
 lowed by the Express rider and the National Mail. In plate '? Baltimore assumes 
 the civic crown, and guarded by tlie leop.irds of the Calverts and protecting the 
 Ancient Druid rides in triumphal state. 'Die Mercury of Commerce heralds 
 Industry, Science and Art. The Indian, bcJiding his Ijow, is a symbol of youth 
 and vigor. 
 
 The subsequent illustrations need little explanation, the necessities of artistic 
 expression being a sufficient apology for a very few embellishments. 
 
 Great credit is due to Mr. H. A. Schroeder, of Hoeu & Co., for the conscientious 
 rendering of the original drawings. 
 
 EuANcis B. Mayer. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 FRONTISPIECE. 
 
 George Calvert— Founder of Maryland, 1633. 
 
 Samuel Ch.^e— Signer of Declaration. 
 
 John Eager IIowaud— Holding: the swords of seven British Officers who had surrendered 
 
 to him at the Battle of Cowpens. 
 Joshua Bahnkv— The first to unfurl the American Flag. 
 Fraxcis S. Kev— The author of the " Star Spangled Banner." 
 Charles Wilson Peale— Artist and Scientist. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 The Police— Buglers, Marshals— The Mayor, Aids— The Knight of Maryland, Ilcralds and 
 Gentlemen of St. Maries, A. D., ]m«. 
 
 PLATE IL 
 
 Religious Toleration— with statues of Calvert and of St, Miohael slaying the Dragon— The 
 T)ruids— I, Ilarugiu-i Society ) recalling the old J!aal, (irj/i, i,u,r of Erin. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 An Aboriginal Home — Captain John Smith and his companions— the farmer, clcrg^yman, phy- 
 sician and Planter, 1730. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 Tho Fij-st Settlers— The ConK-House of Baltimore-town, the Bench and B:ir. a!id sti-eet-life 
 of the day. 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 The MarylanrI Line, Major General Baron dc Kalb, Valley Forge, Iho Emigrant Wagon. 
 
 PLATE YI. 
 Tobacco Tninspni-tation a?i'l Postal Scr\"ipe of 1790 — Cohimbia anrl the Nations, 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 Triumphal Car of the f.enius of Ilaltimorc^Maryland Hospitality-Scal of Maryland. 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 18U— The aipi^er Ships and " Jack-Tars "-The Independent Light Dragoons of ISliJ— The 
 Battle Monument, with Music, Art, IIistoiy,War, Peace and IJaltimorca— Xeptune 
 and Amphitrite, 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 Agriculture, the " Bull and the Bears " of the Corn Exchange— .\i)ollo and the Jfuses. 
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 The Broadway, Eutaw Street and Baltimore Street Arches— The Fire Department— Tho Ship 
 of Columbus— Tho Buhy-Baltimore— The Xationalilics— German Society of Md.. 
 Students of Wurtenbm-g, Highlanders, etc. 
 
 PLATE XL 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio and Xorthern Central Railroads— Adams Express Co.— Electric Telegraph, 
 
 ( Puck "girdling the world in for*y minutes")— Ocean Steam Navigation. 
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 Arch on Le-xington and Park Streets- The Gunpowder Watcr-wcrks— Tlie Mechanic Arts— 
 The Pottcre- The Shipwrights-Horticulture. 
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 The Obelisk, exact reproduction of " Cleopatra's Xeedle"— The Baltimore Shot-tower Co.— 
 The Scheutzen Society— The Early Piano— Silvei-smiths-Butchers— Hide and 
 Tallow— The Barbers. 
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 The Brewers (The Wedding of Hops and Barley- King Gambriiuis)— Salt Dealers, (Lot's 
 Wife i — Tea, Jajianese Jinik. 
 
 PLATE XV. 
 The Horseshners- Prititing IJthography and Tobacco. 
 
1 6 3 ^. 
 

W/ j's fe/ \ ifrv- ^■- J ' p' - 
 
''"Rollind totacco 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
!Af^y- uA 
 
AGRICULTURE 
 FINE-ARTS. 
 CORN-EXCHANGE 
 
J?A^''^^^ 
 
THE WEDDING or HOPS and BARLEY.