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OUTLINE HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 jflmtapolts anti i\}t Banal jflcabemy 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 M. C. DUGAN 
 
 BALTIMORE 
 B. G. EICHEI-BERGER 
 PUBLISHER 
 
THE LIBRARY OF 
 CONGRESS, 
 
 Two Copies 
 
 Received 
 
 JAN 12 
 
 1^03 
 
 '\ Copyright 
 
 Entry 
 
 ciASS ^ 
 
 /^ 5 
 
 XXc. No. 
 
 ro 1 
 
 i ^- 
 
 COPY 
 
 A. 
 
 
 COPYRICrHTED I902, 
 
 BY 
 
 M. C. UUOAN, BAI^TIMORK, MD. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 There are three valid reasons for a book : first, that it 
 should present a new subject ; second, that it should present 
 an old subject in a new light ; third, that for the pleasure 
 of its company we should be willing to go with it for 
 awhile. 
 
 The contents of this book are, for the most part, not 
 new, though the light in which they are set forth may be 
 somewhat so; it is therefore hoped that the book's pleasant 
 company may be found reason enough for its existence. 
 
 The Editor. 
 
Special thanks are due Miss Prudence G. Ridout for 
 much of the carefully collected data contained in this little 
 volume. 
 
annapolig auD t^e iEJabal acaDem^. 
 
 ;HE United States Naval Academy is placed 
 somewhat like a modern gem in an antique 
 setting, for the town of Annapolis is old 
 as we Americans count time, while the re- 
 modeled Naval Academy is intended to be 
 the newest of the new. Those who visit the place, therefore, 
 will do well to consider the town, or setting, first, and to 
 go thence by easy and historic stages to the Naval School. 
 It is preferable to approach Annapolis by boat, for the 
 town and Xaval Academy are seen to best advantage from 
 ihe fine waterway whose tranquil, delicate beauty is as fresh 
 now as when Captain John Smith sailed up the Chesapeake, 
 or the early Puritan settlers, fleeing from Virginia in 1648, 
 made their first abiding place upon Greenbury's Point. This 
 Point is diagonally opposite Annapolis, and the Puritan settle- 
 ment there w^as a mere forerunner of the town which lies at 
 the mouth of the Severn River, on the west side, a few miles 
 from where the noble Chesapeake, " IVIother of Waters," emp- 
 ties into the ocean. 
 
 Like the Point, the town was also settled by the Puritans, 
 in 1G49-50, and was long the head and front of the Puritan 
 power and influence in the Colony. The name was first 
 *' Providence ;" then "Annarundel Town;" then "The Town 
 
at Proctors ;" then "Anne Arundel Town ;" and finally, ''Annap- 
 olis." The county, Anne Arundel, was probably named in 
 honor of Lady Anne Arundel, wife of the third Lord Balti- 
 more, daughter of Lord Arundel of Wardour, a member of the 
 same famil\- as the late Lady Isabel Burton. 
 
 In 1694 the seat of government was removed from St. 
 Mar\"s. the earliest settlement, to the younger town upon the 
 Severn, which was then made the Capital of the Province. 
 
 ""^"^g^^^y^^^y 
 
 ^5i^f^^^^"^ 
 
 THE DEPOT. 
 
 After the removal of the Assembly, its first session was duly 
 held in Anne Arundel Town, as it was then called, at the 
 house of ]^Iajor Edward Dorsey, on February 28th, 1694 (old 
 style). The Assembly met twice a day, and was summoned 
 by beat of drum. At the next session, the year following, the 
 town was formally named "Annapolis" in honor of Princess 
 (afterwards Queen J Anne who, through Governor Seymour, 
 granted a city charter in 1708. On an elevation in the centre 
 
of the town, the early colonists had laid out a circle with a 
 radius of 528 feet, to be the site of the House of Burgesses, 
 and other buildings necessary for his Majesty's government. 
 A few hundred yards to the w^est was another circle to be 
 the site for the church, St. Anne's. From these two circles 
 ran streets, like radii, in all directions. More streets were 
 planned, or laid out, from the harbor to the other side of the 
 town. Part of the harbor was reserved for a dock, and for 
 shipping and commercial purposes, and Annapolis, centrally 
 situated, soon became the chief Port of Entry of the Province. 
 For from Annapolis was shipped to London and Bristol the 
 large tobacco crop then Maryland's chief staple. 
 
 A lot w^as reserved near the dock for a custom-house, and 
 in this locality in 1728 was also built a market. The trades- 
 people and mechanics lived in Market Space, some of them 
 over their shops ; and west of the church, in another section 
 known as the " Common," or " Bloomsbury Square," lived 
 more tradespeople. 
 
 On the north, bordering on the Severn, and also on the 
 south, overlooking " Spa " creek, the Lord Proprietor had 
 deeded sites for the homes of the gentry. These houses were 
 wed and solidly built of dark red brick, and are in an excellent 
 state of preservation to-day. Commanding fine water views, 
 these houses, to add to their charm, were set in spacious gardens 
 which were often terraced to the water's edge, lined with box, 
 adorned with sweet English garden flowers, the whole sur- 
 rounded by low red brick walls. One exuberant writer says, 
 *■ Few mansions in England were adorned with such splendid 
 and romantic scenery." 
 
 Some of the town's streets were named in honor of royalty, 
 as Prince George (of Denmark) ; Duke of Gloucester (after 
 Queen Anne's only son) ; King George (of Hanover) ; others 
 were called after famous London highways such as Conduit, 
 
8 
 
 Fleet, and Cornhill. Bladen was named for Hon. Thomas 
 Bladen, Governor from 1742- 1747, Tabernacle Street (now 
 College Avenue), commemorated the old Puritan jNIeeting- 
 House, the first religious building in Annapolis; Shipwright 
 Street, because of the shipyard at its foot. On School Street, 
 between the State House and St. Anne's Church, stood King 
 lVt//tam' s Sc/wo/, iounded in 1694 (afterwards known as St. 
 John's College), a free school and one richly endowed. Later, 
 Annapolis added to her nttractions an Assembly, or Ball room, 
 
 THE HACK. 
 
 which stood on Duke of Gloucester Street (the ground being 
 given by the Governor, Hon. Benjamin Tasker) ; a theatre, 
 the first built in America ; and last but not least, a race- 
 course. 
 
 The halcyon time of Annapolis was probably the twenty 
 or twenty-five years preceding the Revolutionary War. Gayety 
 and hospitality were at their height. The gentry were many, 
 wealthy, not unreasonably fond of pleasure, given to enter- 
 tainment and to being entertained. 
 
Among the first papers published in this country was the 
 AnnapoHs Gazette, estabhshed in 1745. The theatre, which 
 also stood on Duke of Gloucester Street where now stands 
 the Presbyterian Church, was built in 1750, and was opened 
 in state by Gov. Tasker in 1752. And the first play bill printed 
 in America may be seen in the " Gazette " of July 22nd of that 
 year. 
 
 ^ 
 
 THE POSTOFi=-|CE ERECTED 
 
 With genial raillery Oliver Wendall Holmes says that 
 Baltimore, or Maryland, ought to be considered the gastro- 
 nomic centre of the universe, as Boston is, admittedly, the 
 intellectual " Hub," but in those days, in addition to good 
 cheer, Annapolis could show the accompanying flow of reason, 
 and so boasted no less a sobricjuet than " The Athens of Amer- 
 ica." The pleasant pages of " Richard Carvel " give as true 
 a picture as historical fiction may of the social life of the times, 
 and for those who like a solid historic base, and can read 
 
lO 
 
 between the lines. W'ashini^ton's Diary is ample proof of the 
 gay, hospitable life of the town. Washington was often there, 
 was (lined and wined by his many friends, and the frequent 
 mention in his diary of theatre, races, and balls, shows that 
 he bore his part in the ])'easures of the day. The better part 
 of genius is always patience. The man wdio faced the priva- 
 tions of \^alley Forge without a murmur was no foe to pleas- 
 
 THE STATE HOUSE. 
 
 ure. and had 1)een accustomed to the best which his country 
 and times could gi\e, and it is pleasant to think that he had 
 had something of the " daisied mile " before the stern hard- 
 ships — physical and mental — of the Revolution came. 
 
 After the Ive volution Annapolis, overhadowed by the grow- 
 ing city of Baltimore, declined in wealth and importance, and 
 
II 
 
 not until the establishment of the Naval School in 1845 ^^^ it 
 again lifted into state and national prominence. 
 
 The stranger visiting Annapolis will do well to begin with 
 the State House. Built while Maryland was still a colony, 
 and at a time when Annapolis was at the height of its social 
 and political importance, the State House is, historically and 
 architecturally, one of the most interesting buildings in the 
 country. Here, after the Revolutionary War, the Continental 
 Congress in 1783 held its sessions, several highly important 
 conventions met here, and here Washington, in laying down 
 his sword and resigning his commission, performed the most 
 significant act of his life. 
 
 The present structure is the third of its kind, the first hav- 
 ing stood at the original Capital of the colony, St, Mary's. But 
 on the removal of the seat of government in 1694 a new State 
 House was required. One was accordingly built in 1694. It 
 was of brick, and for those times, was a spacious and con- 
 venient edifice. In July, 1699, this building was struck by 
 lightning, one delegate was killed, several were hurt, and the 
 building took fire. But by the energy and promptness of 
 his Excellency, Nathaniel Blakistone, the fire was put out, 
 and the building was saved. In the same year the Assembly 
 passed an act authorizing the rebuilding of the State House. 
 A committee therefore inspected the ruins and reported in 
 favor of rebuilding upon the old foundation and in the same 
 form and manner as before. Accordingly this new building 
 was erected by a Mr. W. Bladen, at a cost not exceeding 1000 
 pounds sterling. This State House was finished in 1706, and 
 stood until 1769. It is described as a neat brick building, an 
 oblong parallellogram in form, with a fine entrance hall. Oppo- 
 site the entrance was the Judges' seat, and over this seat hung 
 a full length portrait of Queen Anne holding a printed charter 
 of the city of Annapolis. This portrait is said to have been 
 
12 
 
 destroyed diirino- the Revolutionary War when everything 
 savoring- of royalty was distasteful to the patriots. It is a 
 pity, however, when patriotism wreaks itself upon works of art 
 or historic relics. A handsome cupola, surrounded by balus- 
 trades and furnished with seats for those who desired to enjoy 
 the beautiful scenery, surmounted the building. 
 
 At the end of sixty \ears, however, this State House proved 
 
 DEKALa MONUMENT. 
 
 too small for the growing requirements of the colony, and 
 too primitive for the taste of the law-makers of those days. 
 In 1769, therefore, the building, by order of the Assembly, was 
 torn down, and ±7500 sterling were appropriated to erect the 
 present State House. That same easy shortsightedness of 
 Americans with regard to old public buildings is cmulateil 
 to-day; for it seems never to occur to authorities that it is 
 easier and more creditable to let stand an old building and to 
 
13 
 
 build a new one, than to tear clown the old and build afresh. 
 The new building, the present State House, was sujierintended 
 by Daniel Du'any, Thomas Johnson, John Hall, William Paca, 
 Charles Carroll, barrister, Launcelot Jacques, and Charles Wal- 
 lace. The Architect was Mr. Joseph Clarke, said to have been 
 a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren. The foundation stone was 
 laid by the last royal Governor, Sir Robert Eden, March 28th, 
 1772. The building was finished in 1774, but the dome was 
 not added un^il after the Revolution. The height of the 
 building from base to spire is 200 feet ; front, 120 feet; depth, 
 175 feet. 
 
 The spacious grounds of the State House are terraced down 
 to a stone coping. The main approach is from Francis Street, 
 and the summit of the hill is gained by broad walks leading 
 through the terraces. The rear approach is from Bladen 
 Street through the stone portico of the new Annex. Imme- 
 diately in front of the State House stands a fine work of 
 Reinhardt's — the colossal bronze statue of Roger B. Taney; 
 and on the western terrace is another bronze statue, the work 
 of Ephraim Keyser. This statue is that of Baron de Kalb, 
 and represents the last act of the brave ofiicer's life, when he 
 rallied his panic-stricken troops in the assault at Camden ; the 
 sculptor has well chosen his historic moment. The statue 
 is very spirited and effective. Congress, in 1780, a few days 
 after de Kalb's death, passed a resolution for the erection of 
 such a statue commemorative of the hero's bravery and unsel- 
 fish devotion ; but not until 1886, more than a century later, 
 was the resolution carried into effect, and this statue unveiled. 
 
 The main entrance, facing southeast, is through a wide 
 portico adorned with Corinthian columns ; and through this 
 portico one passes immediately into the large rotunda. The 
 square pane's in the dome were originally intended for por- 
 traits of the Lords Proprietory and Governors of Maryland, 
 
14 
 
 but the intention was never carried out. The Senate Chamber 
 is at the right, and the Hall of the House of Delegates at the 
 left, of the rotunda. Originally, both Senate Chamber and 
 Hall were of the same size, but the Hall had a gallery and 
 lobby for the accommodation of auditors and spectators. Here 
 on his last visit to this country in 1824, Lafayette, who spoke 
 English very brokenly, made a little halting but beautiful 
 farewell speech, beginning, '' Shentlemen of ze 'ouse of Dele- 
 gate," — the tradition of which speech lingers orally down to 
 our own day. The lobby and gallery of the Hall have been, 
 however, renioved in order to enlarge the room. On the 
 northwestern wall of the HaU hangs the celebrated painting 
 by Charles Wilson Peale of " Washington at Yorktown," a 
 copy of which is in the Rotunda of the National Capitol. 
 Washington, attended by his aids, — (ieneral Lafayette and 
 Colonel Tench Tilghman of Alaryland, — stands reviewing the 
 Continental Army. In his hands are the terms of Lord Corn- 
 wallis' surrender. A painting representing the " Planting of 
 the Colony of Maryland," on Saint Clement's Island, March 
 25th, 1634, Leonard Calvert, Governor, and another repre- 
 senting the '' Burning of the Peggy Stewart," Annapolis, Md., 
 October 19th, 1774, both ])ainted by the late F. B. Mayer, hang 
 on the western wall. 
 
 ^vlany deeply interesting historical associations cling about 
 the Senate Chamber. The most imposing scene witnessed 
 liere was that of General Washington resigning his Commis- 
 sion as Commander-in-Chief of the American Army, on Dec. 
 23rd, 1783. At that time the chamber was 34 feet by 40, with 
 a lobby and a gallery for the accommodation of visitors. This 
 memorable room remained intact until 1876, the Centennial of 
 independence, when i)oliticians had the bad taste to allow 
 architects to tear the room to pieces and to remodel. The 
 old " Spectators' Gallery," which linked the room not only 
 
15 
 
 with momentous events of the past, but also with personages 
 famous in our early history, was torn down and carried to 
 the cellar ; a great eighteenth century fireplace in the west 
 wall was bricked up, and the beautifully carved mantel disposed 
 of, — no one knows how. The walls and ceiling of the cham- 
 ber are handsomely ornamented. The large painting on the 
 
 b\ 
 
 west wall represents the resignation 
 
 Washington of his 
 
 THE SENATE CHAMBER. 
 
 Commission, that immortal example of the subordination of 
 military to civic virtues. This painting was done by Edwin 
 White in 1859, by order of the General Assembly, and the 
 picture represents the old room as thronged with men and 
 women — Congressmen, citizens, ladies and children, — as in- 
 deed it probably was. But it has been said that " The artist 
 drew largely upon his imagination and contemporaneous ac- 
 counts to produce it." Hanging below is an explanation of 
 
i6 
 
 tlic picture, also the Address of Wasliin.2:ton, with the reply of 
 Coiii^ress throuoh its President, also a copy of the Declaration 
 of Independence. The four full leng^th portraits are those 
 of the Maryland Signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 Carroll, Chase, Paca, and Stone, at that time residents of 
 Annapolis. A portrait of John Eager Howard, fifth Governor, 
 and one of W'asiiington hy (Gilbert Stuart, adorn the southeast 
 wall. At the left of the Speaker's desk are small engravings 
 of Henry Clay and John Adams from the original paintings 
 1)\- King and Stuart. At the right are also engravings of Gen- 
 eral Andrew Jackson and of Benjamin Franklin. For Frank- 
 lin, being intimately associated with many of Maryland's fore- 
 most public men, took a deep interest in the colony's welfare. 
 In 1784 in the presence of Congress, this historic room saw 
 ratified that peace with Great Britain, which closed the long 
 struggle for American Independence; and in September, 1786, 
 at Washington's suggestion it is thought, a convention here 
 assembled to propose and consider measures for the main- 
 tenance of harmonious trade relations between the States. 
 Six States were represented, Xew York, Pennsylvania, New 
 Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, and the names of 
 the respective Commissioners are all historic. On the wall 
 of the Senate ante-chamber is a large allegorical picture painted 
 in England by Charles Wilson Peale, 1794. The painting 
 represents the great statesman and orator, William Pitt, Earl 
 of Chatam, dressed in a Roman toga, speaking his famous 
 defence of the revolting American Colonies, " In my opinion 
 this kingdom has no right to lay a tax on the Colonies .... 
 Amerioa is obstinate ! America is almost open rebellion ! 
 Sir, I rejoice that America does resist." The Goddess of 
 Liberty in the background incites the orator to his great 
 defence. The picture was purchased in 1794 by the State of 
 Marvland. 
 
17 
 
 At the foot of the grand stairway which, branching, leads 
 up to the State Library, are bronze statues representing Justice 
 and Law. Above the Library door is the Shield of Maryland 
 with its motto (formerly that of the Lords Baltimore), " Fatti 
 Maschii ; Parole Femine." The State Library was not estab- 
 lished until 1834. The main room, octagonal in shape, widi 
 a gallery, was built in 1859. The ceiling is frescoed, and on 
 square panels are portraits of Maryland's Signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence — Carroll, Chase, Paca, and Stone. 
 The Library (law and miscellaneous) is large and valuable. 
 Among its contents are the famous collection of Audubon and 
 many valuable public documents. The present State Libra- 
 rian, Mrs. Anne Burton Jeffers, and her able assistant, Mr. 
 L. H. Dielman, have improved the I^ibrary in many ways. 
 The Legislature of 1900 wisely ordered a new building for the 
 State Library and Court of Appeals. Its site is acros.s 
 " State Circle," facing Bladen Street Street, opposite the Ex- 
 ecutive Mansion. When this new building is nearly finished, 
 the present Annex, now largely used for Library purposes, 
 will be pulled down, and the State House may then be seen to 
 better advantage, and in its original proportions. A new 
 Annex will be at once built similar in style to the State 
 House, for legislative purposes only. 
 
 The Executive Chamber is beautifully decorated, and con- 
 tains portraits of the Proprietors and Governors of Maryland. 
 Of these probably the best is that by Mytens of George 
 Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, Secretary of State under James 
 I. and Charles I. This v^ork was copied from the original in 
 the gallery of the Earl of Varulum, at Glastonbury, England 
 — and was presented to the State by the late John W. Garrett, 
 of Baltimore. There is also a full length portrait of Frederick, 
 the sixth and last Lord Baltimore. The City of Annapolis 
 exchanged a full length portrait of Charles third Lord Balti- 
 
more for six smaller portraits by Peale, of Governors, Paca, 
 Small wood, Stone, Spri gg, Johnson and Plater. This collec- 
 tion is very imperfect, but may be added to before long. An 
 appropriation was made by the Legislature of 1900 for a 
 portrait of Queen Henrietta Marie, Queen of Charles I., for 
 whom Maryland was named. The original owned b}^ the Earl 
 of Warwick, is at Warwick Castle. Miss Florence Mackubin, 
 appointed by Govenor Smith, has duly made a cop)^ of this 
 celebrated portrait, and her highl}- satisfactor}- work now 
 hangs in the Library. 
 
 In visiting the State House one should not fail to ascend 
 the dome; for an easy climb leads to the balcony 185 feet 
 from the ground, and the panoramic view from here is a rich 
 reward for a small effort. The lovel}^ Severn winds its way 
 northward ; the Chesapeake, like a great inland sea, lies 
 beyond ; the land-locked harbor of Annapolis, the Naval 
 Academy with its governmental care and Naval precision, are 
 close at hand ; while at one's very foot is the old town w4th 
 its quaint radiating streets, and its large old houses often 
 hidden by the trees. 
 
 The State Treasur^^ building of modest proportions 
 is in the shape of a Greek Cross, and is, perhaps, the oldest 
 house in Annapolis. It was frequently used in the early days 
 of the Province as the State House and Provincial Court. 
 Standing on the eastern rise of the hill, just within the circle 
 enclosing the State House, this building is memorable as 
 having been the Legislative Hall of the Provincial Govern- 
 ment. Here sat for years the '' King's Council," or " Assem- 
 bly," and the scant accommodations contrast greatly with those 
 of the present day. The ceilings of this house are low, and 
 the walls are very strong; the old vault within the building 
 is well worth examination. 
 
 The Court of Appeals which will occupy this building in 
 
State Circle is a direct descendant of the old Provincial Court. 
 When first organized in 1778, the Court of Appeals consisted of 
 five judges, and to it appeal might be made from the decisions of 
 the Court of original jurisdiction, the General Court. Among 
 the judges were the two Chases — Samuel and Jeremiah 
 Townle}^ ; — Robert Contee Harrison, William Paca, Thomas 
 Johnson, Robert Goldsborough, and others, Samuel Chase 
 and Thomas Johnson, were afterwards judges of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. To the legal profession the code 
 of jurisprudence formulated by the Maryland Court of Appeals 
 is'^matter of just pride, and needs no comment. 
 
 ST. ANNE'S CHURCH. 
 
 The second circle which serves as a radiating point for 
 certain streets, is Church Circle. It surrounds St. Anne's 
 Church, the third of the name. This name was given, of 
 course, in honor of St. Anne, the Mother of the Blessed 
 Virgin, and also in honor of Princess Anne, afterwards Queen. 
 St. Anne's Parish is one of thirty established by Act of Assem- 
 
20 
 
 bly in 1692. It was first called " Middle Neck Parish," and 
 consisted of the territory between the South and the Severn 
 Rivers. 
 
 On Oct. 8th, 1694, Governor Francis Nicholson proposed 
 to the council that a lot be laid off for a church, and a minister 
 be procured to read prayers twice a day. On May 7th, 1696, 
 the Rev. Peregrine Coney, the supposed rector of St. Anne's 
 Parish, preached before the Assembly. The Vestrymen of 
 the Parish were Thomas Bland, Richard Warfield, Lawrence 
 Draper, Jacob Harnass, William Brown, and Cornelius How- 
 ard. A building committee was appointed, and Major Edward 
 Dorsey reported, " there was in bank £458 sterling, for the 
 building of a church — and the carpenter demands £250; the 
 brickmaker £90, — that the charge for building said church 
 will amount to ii200, and that the money could not be raised 
 without charitable assistance." 
 
 At the same time a tax was imposed of three pence per 
 hundred on Tobacco, to continue till May 12th, 1698, to be 
 applied to the building of the church at Annapolis. This was 
 the first brick church in Maryland, and the Architect was 
 Thomas Ffielder. This church was built in the shape of 
 a T ; and the principial entrance faced east toward the State 
 House. The church yard was the city burying-ground, and 
 was enclosed by a palisade, and white railing. As excavations 
 show, this burying-ground must have extended far beyond the 
 present limits of the church yard. A large part of the church 
 was reserved for the Governor, the Council, and the Members 
 of the General Assembly ; as the congregation increased, many 
 additions were made to meet the demand for sittings. 
 
 In July, 1699, during the term of Governor Blakistone, 
 successor of Governor Nicholson, who had been so instrumental 
 in building the church, a fine of £333 was imposed on Edward 
 Dorsey for failing to fulfill the contract. From which it would 
 
21 
 
 seem that, notwithstanding the special tax upon Tobacco, there 
 had been difficuUy in raising funds for building purposes. The 
 exact date of the church's completion is wanting; but an entry 
 on the Records in 1704 of payment for changes in the gallery 
 seats, proves that the church was by that time finished. An- 
 other record also shows that this, the first St. Anne's, had a 
 bell and belfry, and that a gilt ball adorned the spire. 
 
 It may be said in passing, that Major Edward Dorsey's 
 itemized account of expense for building, throws light upon 
 the pleasant tradition of '' imported bricks." In that account 
 the " Brickmaker " charged £90. There is no bill of lading 
 which shows at any time among colonial imports bricks. And 
 when we think of how many things the early colonists stood 
 in need, it is scarcely likely that they wasted time and ship- 
 room on bricks. Moreover, English brick were of a regular 
 shape and size; and the Colonial American brick of that time 
 does not correspond to the English. Hence it may be said 
 with all advantage of historic probability, that there is no 
 imported brick either in Maryland or Virginia. A few bricks 
 may have accidentally been brought over as ballast, but surely 
 none for distinct and direct building purposes. Tradition is 
 one thing, but history is quite another. 
 
 Previous to the Revolution the church was in a ruinous 
 condition, and its minister often urged his people to repair 
 or to rebuild. He did not succeed, however, until the appear- 
 ance in the '' Maryland Gazette " of Sept. 5th, 1771, of a 
 lengthy poem, entitled " The Humble Petition of the Old 
 Church." The poem reads, 
 
 "Some good people are afraid 
 I^est I should tumble on their head, 
 Of which indeed this seems a proof, 
 They seldom come beneath my roof. ' ' 
 
 The poem seems to have been effectual, for in 1772 the Ves- 
 
22 
 
 try decided to ask the General Assembly for an assessment of 
 £1000 to build a new church. Accordingly, at the March 
 session in 1774, the Assembly appointed certain trustees for 
 building a new and " elegant church, which is to be adorned 
 with a steeple." 
 
 The Assembly appropriated £1500, on condition that pews 
 should be set aside for the Governor and other civil authori- 
 ties. The work of tearing down the old church was not begun, 
 however, until 1775. Meanwhile the " Play-house," the first 
 theatre in America, was rented for church services, at a cost 
 of £20 a year. 
 
 The breaking out of the Revolutionary War put a stop to 
 the building of the new church; but in 1792, eighteen years 
 later, it was finally completed, and, on Nov. 24th of that year, 
 was consecrated by Bishop Thos. J. Claggett, the first Epis- 
 copal Bishop of the Diocese and the first Bishop to be conse- 
 crated in the United States. 
 
 According to agreement four pews were reserved for the 
 State and county Officials ; two pews were set aside for the 
 bachelors of the Parish. A fine-toned bell, said to have been 
 presented to the church by Queen Anne, hung in the belfry; 
 and tradition likewise says that a highly prized purple velvet 
 cushion, knelt upon during her coronation, was also the gift 
 of the Queen. 
 
 The massive silver Communion vessels, made in 1695, by 
 Francis Gaithorne, a well-known Court silversmith of London, 
 were presented to the Parish by William III. and are engraved 
 with the royal arms, and the initials W. R. For many years 
 St. Anne's was the only church in Annapolis, and every family 
 in the town, except that of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who 
 were Catholics, attended its services. It remained the pride 
 of the residents for sixty-six years, and its destruction by fire 
 in 1858 was regarded as a general calamity. As the fire 
 
23 
 
 reached the tower, the fine old bell, stamped, it is said, with 
 Queen Anne's name and coat of arms, rang out its own and 
 the church's knell. 
 
 Steps were immediately taken to rebuild the church, and 
 in 1858 the present St. Anne's was completed. The new 
 church was built on the old foundation with the addition 
 of a much larger chancel. The beautiful stone altar font is 
 the work of the distinguished sculptor, Reinhart. One of the 
 stained glass memorial windows is a fine production of Tif- 
 fany's, and was exhibited by him at the Chicago Exhibition. 
 
 During the 205 years of its existence, the Parish has had 
 forty-two Rectors, among them the notorious Benett Allen 
 often spoken of in " Richard Carvel." He was rector during 
 1767-68. In the church yard are some tombs sacred to the 
 memories of the Bladen, Dulany, and Carroll families. But 
 the church — old for things American — is full of memories, 
 and of interesting historic associations. 
 
 The property of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the longest 
 lived of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and 
 (because of his wealth, his continuous public life, and his 
 voluminous correspondence) perhaps the best known, lies at 
 the lower end of Duke of Gloucester Street, and extends down 
 to the picturesque '' Spa " Creek, a lovely stream which winds 
 its way far to the south. The historic house still stands in 
 the centre of a beautiful old garden which is terraced down 
 to the water's edge. This property, now owned by the Re- 
 demptorist Order, was deeded to it in 1830 by Mrs. John 
 MacTavish, the granddaughter of the illustrious Carroll ; and 
 here Rev. Gabriel Rumpler, C. S. S. R., with five professed 
 students and ten choir novices opened, at once, a Novitiate for 
 their Order. 
 
 The kindness and courtesy of the Fathers in giving all 
 possible information, makes a visit to them very pleasant. The 
 
24 
 
 house and o-rounds are " Cloistered," so that women can not 
 be admitted beyond the Reception Room of the lodge ; but men 
 may be shown over the premises. The house, not remarkable 
 in size or appearance, is well nigh intact; it has been added 
 to. however, and the upper stories somewhat altered ; but the 
 lower part remains the same. The large old dining room, 
 or refectory, with its huge fire-place and wainscoting, is worth 
 seeing. The locks on the doors, still stout and serviceable, bear 
 
 ST, MARY'S CHURCH. 
 
 upon them the British coat of arms. In one of these rooms, 
 consecrated to Divine Service, the small band of Catholics wor- 
 shiped till the building of their church, on a part of the prop- 
 erty. 
 
 The present St. Mary's, whose corner-stone was laid in 
 1858 by Bishop John Newman, C. S. S. R., the first Bishop of 
 Philadelphia, and a member of the Redemptorist Order, during 
 the rectorship of Rev. Michael Miiller, commands a fine view 
 
25 
 
 of the Severn and of the Chesepeake. The church was liberally 
 aided bj^ Charles Carroll's descendants. 
 
 " Charles Carroll of Carrollton," so designated by him 
 that there might be no doubt of his identity, his life and work 
 inwoven with the history of his country and State, deserves 
 more than a passing notice. The Jesuits never had a pupil 
 of whom they might be more justly proud. Educated chiefly 
 by them, first at St. Omer's, afterwards at Rheims, then at 
 the College of St. Louis le Grand, Carroll also studied civil 
 law at Bourges and at Paris, and next lived for seven years in 
 London, less as a man of fashion than as a determined law 
 student. He returned to Annapolis in 1764 at the age of 
 twenty-seven, and soon became an ardent patriot. But, though 
 so highly educated and accomplished, Carroll, like Washington, 
 impresses us more by his character than his intellect. Before 
 the Revolutionary War there was much religious rancor be- 
 tween Protestants and Catholics ; the latter were practically 
 disfranchised, were not allowed to walk in front of the State 
 House, and were often obliged to wear swords for their per- 
 sonal protection. The violence of religious feeling was, how- 
 ever, allayed by public events. The irritation caused by the 
 passing of the Stamp Act in 1765-66 caused religious differ- 
 ences to be overlooked, and Protestants and Catholics made 
 common cause against the political foe. Carroll's wealth, posi- 
 tion, talents, and decided opinions, brought him immediately 
 to the front, and he was called upon to discharge many duties. 
 In 1775 he was made a member of the first Committee of 
 Observation established at Annapolis, and in the same year he 
 was elected to represent Anne Arundel County in the Provincial 
 Convention. February, 1776, he was appointed by Congress, 
 together with Benjamin Franklin and Samuel Chase, Com- 
 missioner to Canada, to influence the inhabitants there to join 
 the Colonies against Great Britain. Upon his return, he found 
 
26 
 
 the Declaration of Independence under discussion. Widi the 
 help of Mr. Chase, he succeeded in having the instructions to 
 the Maryland Delegates so modified that they were free to 
 sign the Declaration. As Carroll was signing his name, a 
 member said, " Here goes a few millions ; but as there are 
 several Charles Carrolls, the British will not know which it is." 
 Carroll immediately added '' Of Carrollton," and was forever 
 after so distinguished. 
 
 In 1804, having served his country and State in many 
 capacities, he retired from public life. On July 4th, 1828, 
 Carroll, then ninety years of age, laid the corner-stone of the 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. In the last years of his life he 
 removed his residence to Baltimore, because, so tradition says, 
 the city fathers offended him by greatly increasing the taxes. 
 Upright, sincere, brave, of sound judgment, Carroll pos- 
 sessed the capacity, and above all, the character which make a 
 man most useful to his country and his kind. 
 
 The Scott House, now a Con- 
 vent of Notre Dame, was built 
 b}^ Dr. Upton Scott, who, in 
 •M"%iamaB9^^^^^^ 1753, came out to the colony 
 
 with Governor Sharpe. Dr. 
 Scott died in 18 14 at the advanc- 
 ed age of ninety years. He was 
 an Irishman by birth, a man of 
 fine character, and one who w^as 
 universally esteemed. 
 
 It was rumored at one time 
 that the Scott House was the 
 original of the Carvel House in 
 ' ' Richard Carvel. ' ' This, how- 
 ever, Mr. Churchill has denied. 
 
 THE SCOTT 
 
27 
 
 Where so many old houses might well have served as models 
 for the Carvel House, it would be hard to choose any part- 
 icular one as the imaginary home of Richard. 
 
 On Church and Conduit Streets is a two-story building, 
 the old City Hotel, where, when visiting the gay little capital, 
 Washington so often lodged. This house, built by Mr. Lloyd 
 Dulany, was occupied by him as his residence. The carved 
 wainscoting from floor to ceiling, the handsome carved mantels, 
 the balustrades, and deep window-seats, are much admired. 
 The lobby is paved with tiles, and opens upon a large courtyard. 
 
 t^. 
 
 K^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 t^Piipnp^ 
 
 THE CITY 
 
 A famous punch bowl, the survivor, so to speak, of the 
 burning of the Peggy Stewart, was long an ornament of the 
 Hotel, and many Statesmen have quafifed the bowl's contents. 
 The story goes that the bowl was sent as a gift to Mr. Stewart, 
 that it formed no part of the brig's cargo, and that it was 
 carefully kept by the Captain in his cabin. Mr. Anthony Stew- 
 art, having elaborately explained how and why the bowl had 
 been preserved among the Captain's private effects, he was 
 allowed to keep it, and Mr. Lloyd Dulany used it for the first 
 time a few evenino-s after the destruction of the bri<>". 
 
28 
 
 On the outbreak of the Revolution, Mr. Lloyd Dulany went 
 to England and the first proprietor of the house as a hotel was 
 Colonel Mann. Hence the original name, " Mann's Hotel." 
 \\'illiam Caton was the next proprietor, and it was then known 
 as " Caton 's Hotel and City Tavern." In due course other 
 proprietors followed, until the building passed into the hands 
 of Mr. \V. H. Gorman. In 1902 the property was bought by 
 a company which purposes to convert it into a handsome 
 theater to be called the Colonial Theater. The original 
 features, however, will, as far as possible, be preserved. 
 
 Tlic room which Washington occupied at the time when he 
 resigned his Commission, yet remains. It is " Number 9," 
 and is in one of the wings. It has two great windows over- 
 looking the courtyard, and carved wainscoting and mantel, 
 which unprincipled relic-hunters have mutilated. The bed- 
 stead used by the Commander-in-Chief remained in the room 
 till ten years ago. 
 
 The untoward history of Mr. Lloyd Dulany is naturally 
 associated with that of the old house. 
 
 In 1767-68, St. Anne's seventeenth incumbent was the 
 notorious Allen, as unscrupulous a man as ever disgraced 
 ministerial garb. He was, however, a man of parts, of fine 
 presence and address, a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, 
 and boon companion of the dissolute Frederick, sixth Lord 
 Baltimore, who favored Allen in every possible way. Lord 
 Baltimore directed Governor Sharpe to give /\llen church 
 livings until he was satisfied. This, when it conflicted with 
 colonial law, Governor Sharpe refused to do. He did, how- 
 ever, with the consent of the Vestry, give Allen St. Anne's, 
 and for a year there was peace and quiet. Then, by fair means 
 and foul, the grasping Allen sought to obtain St. James' Par- 
 ish, Anne Arundel County, and also All Saints in Frederick; 
 and, by Lord I Baltimore's influence, ho triumphed over his 
 
29 
 
 opponents and secured both. Public feeling against the notor- 
 ious rector was bitter. Mr. Samuel Chew, a member of James' 
 Vestry, challenged him, and St. Anne's Vestry openly de- 
 nounced him. Mr. Daniel Dulany, who, Governor Sharpe 
 said, " was the most celebrated lawyer in North America," 
 was a member of St, Anne's Vestry and its legal counsel, and 
 to him Allen was so insulting that Dulany caned the Rector 
 publicly in the street. This punishment Allen never forgot nor 
 forgave. Years after, in 1782, when he, like Mr. Lloyd Du- 
 lany, was in London, he published a scurrilous article about 
 Mr. Lloyd Dulany in the newspapers of the day. A challenge 
 followed. A duel was fought in St. James Park, and Mr. 
 Lloyd Dulany was killed. He was lamented by all who knew 
 him, especially by his friends and relations in Annapolis, where 
 he was greatly beloved. His death was the more tragic in 
 that he left a young and beautiful wife to mourn his loss. 
 
 Allen sank lower and lower in wretched poverty and deg- 
 radation, and died some years later in London. 
 
 THE RANDALL HOUSE. 
 
30 
 
 This house, built shortly before the middle of the 
 eighteenth century, is one of the most picturesque dwellings 
 in Annapolis. It was purchased b}- the late Alexander Ran- 
 dall, and his son, the Hon. J. Wirt Randall, is the present 
 owner and occupant. 
 
 The Ogle house stands on the corner of King George Street 
 and College Avenue. It was built in 1735 b}' Governor 
 Samuel Ogle who was three times Governor, in 1732-35, and 
 
 THE OGLE HOUSE. 
 
 in 1747. Governor Ogle died in 1752 in the 58th year of his 
 age, and he was succeeded by Benjamin Tasker who then 
 become President of the Province. 
 
 Tlie Chase house stands on the north side of Mary- 
 land Avenue, at the corner of King George Street. Built 
 in 1770 by Judge Samuel Chase, " the Signer," his stately 
 residence has the distinction of being the only colonial one 
 which is three stories high. The chief feature of the house 
 
31 
 
 is the entrance hall, which opens from a lofty porch, and 
 extends through the house from front to back. The stairway, 
 opposite the front door, begins with a single flight and, rising 
 to near half its height, ends with a platform, or landing, from 
 which two lesser stairways diverge, one on each side, and 
 ascend to a gallery which is supported by Ionic pillars. Above 
 this platform rises a large triple window which somewhat 
 resembles that of a chancel In the gallery are niches for 
 statues. The dining-room is handsomely ornamented witii 
 carved wood, and the carved marble mantel represents a scene 
 from Shakespeare. The drawing-room, too, is noticeably hand- 
 some, with carved wainscoting and marble mantel on which 
 is also another scene from Shakespeare. The ceiling and 
 cornices of the drawing and dining-rooms, and the lower and 
 upper halls, are beautifully ornamented with stucco work. All 
 the doors on the first floor are mahogany, with latches and 
 rings of wrought silver. Judge Samuel Chase paid William 
 Hammond, Esq. (who built the house opposite, known as the 
 Harwood House), seven thousand dollars in consideration 
 of Mr. Hammond's not building high enough to obstruct Judge 
 Chase's much admired view of the Chesapeake. Miss Matilda 
 Chase, a granddaughter of Judge Samuel Chase, " the Signer," 
 had just completed the interior of the third story of the house, 
 a short time before her tragic death in January, 1884. Miss 
 Chase had fallen asleep before the open fire in the hall. A 
 spark ignited her clothing, and, before she could give the 
 alarm and receive help, she was so burned that she died in 
 a few hours. The house then passed by inheritance to her 
 sister, the last survivor of her family, Mrs. Hester Ann Chase 
 Ridout of " Whitehall." Dr. Ridout was the grandson of the 
 Hon. John Ridout, who, having just been graduated with 
 high honors from Oxford, came out with Governor Sharpe 
 as his Secretary in 1753. It was a somewhat remarkable 
 
coincidence that Mrs. Ridout thvis became possessor of two of 
 the most beautiful colonial houses in Maryland. " Whitehall " 
 was built by Governor Sharpe during his term of office in 
 I753"69- O" Governor Sharp's return to England at the out- 
 break of the Revolutionary War, he deeded " Whitehall " to 
 his valued secretary, the Hon. John Ridout, and finally be- 
 queathed it to him in 1790. The propert}' is seven miles from 
 .Vnnapolis, on the north side of the Severn, and commands 
 a full view of the majestic Chesapeake. The mansion house, 
 large and elegant,is a fitting representative of the colonial archi- 
 tecture. The property remained in the possession of John 
 Ridout's descendants until 1897 when it was sold to Mrs. 
 Caroline Story of Washington, D. C. Mrs. Hester Ann Chase 
 Ridout died in 1887, ^"<i bequeathed intact her grandfather's 
 beautiful home to the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland, as a 
 " Home " for reduced gentlewomen. The handsome colonial 
 furniture which belonged to the Chase family, together with 
 many pieces brought from " Whitehall " and the celebrated 
 Lowestoft China with its Chase coat of arms, were sold a few 
 years ago for the benefit of the endowment fund of this memo- 
 rial " Home." This celebrated set of Lowestoft China, the 
 largest collection outside of the British Museum, and the only 
 complete set, was purchased by Air. James Woodward of 
 New York, formerly of Maryland. Like so many of the 
 gentlemen of his day, Judge Chase had his own vessel or 
 vessels trading between this and the mother country. The 
 Judge's brig, the " Matilda," named for his mother, had been 
 specially built for him at the foot of vShipwright Street. The 
 " Matilda," with the precious Lowestoft set as part of her 
 cargo, was about to sail for America when the embargo was 
 laid, and the war broke out. The brig therefore remained, 
 with the cargo intact, in the dock at Liverpool until the Rev- 
 olutionary War was over, when she set sail for home. The 
 
33 
 
 China, thus saved, remained in one branch of the family, and 
 had the good fortune to be preserved entire. A brief notice 
 of Judge Chase may not be amiss. Judge Samuel Chase, the 
 '' Signer," so called to distinguish him from his first cousin 
 and brother-in-law. Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase, was born 
 in Somerset Co., Md., in 1741. His father, the Rev. Thomas 
 Chase, a learned clergyman of the Episcopal Church, became 
 Rector of St. Paul's Parish, Baltimore, and removed to that 
 town. Here he himself educated his son with such suc- 
 cess that young Samuel was sent, at the age of eighteen, to 
 Annapolis to study law. His scholarship and ability were 
 equally marked, and at the age of twenty he was admitted to 
 practice, and was soon known as an eloquent and fearless 
 lawyer. Mr. Chase became a member of the Colonial Legisla- 
 ture, and with other youthful patriots, bore an active part in 
 the Stamp Act exploit. He was appointed to attend the meet- 
 ing of Congress in Philadelphia in 1774, was a Commissioner 
 to Canada with Charles Carroll and Benjamin Franklin in 
 1776, was three times elected a member of Congress, and for 
 many years was actively engaged in public life. 
 
 In 1796, at the earnest solicitation of his friend, Colonel 
 Howard, the famous Revolutionary Soldier, Judge Chase 
 removed from Annapolis to Baltimore, and sold his Annapolis 
 residence to Governor Lloyd, whose descendants occupied it 
 until 1847. Ji-^dge Chase built himself a house in Baltimore 
 where he lived until his death in 181 1. During his life in 
 Baltimore Judge Chase filled many important offices. In 1788 
 he was made Presiding Judge of the New Court of Criminal 
 Jurisdiction for the county and town of Baltimore. In 1791 
 he was appointed Chief Justice of the General Court of Mary- 
 land, and in 1796 he was appointed by General Washington 
 an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. In capacity, 
 ability, and quiet force of character. Judge Samuel Chase, the 
 
34 
 
 " Signer," was one of the most distinguished men of his day. 
 Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase, also prominent in puhHc Hfe, 
 had a Colonial House on King George Street. This house 
 was, in 1847. destroyed by fire. Judge Jeremiah's daughter, 
 Aliss Hester Ann Chase, then purchased and brought back 
 into her family the residence of her uncle. Judge Samuel Chase, 
 the " Signer," and it is this house which her niece, Mrs. 
 Hester Ann Chase Ridout, so generously bequeathed to the 
 
 THE CHASE HOME. 
 
 Diocese of Maryland as a *' Home " for reduced gentlewomen. 
 There could be no more fitting and beautiful memorial to the 
 Chase fami'y than the *' CJiasc Home." 
 
 The Trustees of the Home appointed by Mrs. Hester Anne 
 Chase Ridout in her will were ; Dr. W. G. Ridout, Dr. Z. D. 
 Ridout, J. Shaaff Stockett, Esq., Frank H. Stockett, Esq., 
 Eugene Worthington, Esq., J. Wirt Randall, Esq., Misses 
 Elizabeth M. Franklin, and Minnie S. Stockett. The Present 
 Board of trustees consists of : Bishop Paret of Maryland, 
 
35 
 
 President, and the following members : Dr. W. G. Ridout, 
 Dr. Z. D. Ridout, W. Woodward, Esq., Eugene Worthington, 
 Esq., John Wirt Randall. Esq., and the Misses Franklin, 
 Minnie S. Stockett, and Mrs. Irvine Keyser. 
 
 The Paca House, now Carvel Hall, is on the northeast 
 corner of Prince George Street, and is an excellent specimen 
 of late Colonial architecture. It consists of the usual square 
 main building with lower, flaring wings, and is noticeably large 
 and commodious. This property has been recently bought by 
 
 
 THE PACA HOUSE. 
 
 Mr. W. A. Earned who purposes to build a large addition, and to 
 convert the whole into a hotel. But the old house has not 
 been changed, scarcely any difference having been made on 
 the inside and none at all on the out. The house has been 
 generalh^ renewed and improved, however, yet the original 
 features have been preserved intact. The house, with its 
 beautiful gardens, bears silent witness to the delightful life of 
 Annapolis more than a century ago. The garden, even for 
 that day of handsome gardens, was memorable. Besides its 
 
36 
 
 trees and slirul)1)ery, its two-storied summer-house supposed 
 to represent " My Lady's Bower," the garden had an artificial 
 hrook, fed by two springs. This Httle stream rippled down to 
 a ])aih house, and thence away. Mr. Winston Churchill, while 
 writing Richard Carvel, spent some time in this house, and 
 hence the thought that this may have been the fancied home 
 of Dorothy Manners. 
 
 The house was built by Governor Paca, and was used by 
 him as the Executive Mansion during his term of office, from 
 1782-85. It was during Governor Paca's incumbency that 
 General Lafayette and Count Rochambeau visited Annapolis, 
 and General Washington resigned his Commission. 
 
 Paca was one of the immortal Signers, ar.d a man of great 
 prominence during the Revolution. A\ illiam Paca, second son 
 of John Paca of Harford County, was born in 1740. He was sent 
 to College at Philadelphia, and was graduated as Bachelor 
 of Arts in 1759. He immediately began the study of law at 
 Annapolis in the office of Mr. Stephen Bordley, one of the 
 famous lawyers of that day. After his admission to the bar, 
 A'oung Paca established himself at Annapolis, and soon became 
 eminent in his profession, and here he formed that life-long 
 friendship with his distinguished colleague and fellow-signer, 
 Samuel Chase. P)Oth were members of the Provincial Legis- 
 lature where they had many opportunities to display their 
 talents. During the Revolutionary period, Paca and Chase 
 were heart and soul with the patriots. On the day the Declara- 
 tion of Independence was signed, Paca was re-elected a dele- 
 gate to Congress, was again chosen in November of the same 
 year, and also in the year following. After doing efficient 
 service during the period of trial and anxiety, he finally, at 
 the close of 1778, retired from Congress. He was elected 
 governor of his native state in 1782, and performed the duties 
 of the office with dignified simplicity. 
 
37 
 
 The Pegg}^ Stewart House on Hanovor St. near the Naval 
 Academy, was built in 1763, and is owned and occupied by 
 Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Balliere, by whom it has been some- 
 what altered and rebuilt. At one time it was the residence 
 of Anthony Stewart, Esq., owner of the famous brig, Peggy 
 Stewart, which reached Annapolis from London on Saturday, 
 October isth, 1774, having as part of her cargo seventeen 
 packages, or 2320 pounds, of that emblem of tyranny, the 
 
 THE PEGGY STEWART HOUSE. 
 
 detested tea. This tea was consigned to Messrs. Thomas C. 
 Williams & Co., Merchants of Annapolis. On arri\al of the 
 brig, a town meeting was held and a committee appointed, 
 which learned that the brig had been regularly entered that 
 morning, *' and the duty on the tea paid to the Collector," by 
 Mr. Anthony Stewart, owner of the vessel ; although he was 
 not in any way concerned in the shi])mcnt of the tea. The 
 citizens were so enraged at Mr. Stewart for what they deemed 
 
38 
 
 his cheerful compHance with the Act of Parliament in taxing 
 tea, that they were disposed to " tar and feather " him. It was 
 hard to tell what to do. Some contended that Mr. Stewart's 
 offer to destroy the tea was reparation enough ; others favored 
 the destruction of the vessel itself. A division, therefore, 
 ensued on the question : " Whether the vessel should, or 
 should not, be destroyed." 
 
 The citizens were opposed to violence, so, by a handsome 
 majority, the question was carried in the negative. Persons 
 
 THE BRICE HOUSE. 
 
 from a distance, however, declared their intention to destroy 
 the brig. Finally on Wednesday, Oct. 19th, Mr. Stewart, 
 acting on the advice of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, offered 
 " to destroy the vessel with his own hands." This offer was 
 gladly accepted, and the eager people crowded to the water- 
 side to witness the sight. Accordingly Mr. Stewart accom- 
 panied by the Messrs. Williams, and several gentlemen, to 
 protect him from possible violence, set out for the doomed 
 
39 
 
 brig". Her sails were set and, with colors flying', she was run 
 aground on Windmill Point. This place was chosen in order 
 that Airs. Stewart, the invalid wife of the brig's owner, might, 
 from her residence on Hanover Street, witness the burning. 
 So, as a propitiation to the offended people, and as a defiance 
 to the crown, Mr. Stewart applied the torch, and the Peggy 
 Stewart, with her hated cargo, was soon reduced to ashes. 
 The burning of the brig was one of the most significant acts 
 of the Revolutionary period. Unlike the " Boston Tea Party " 
 
 
 t^- 
 
 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 
 
 of the previous year, no disguises were used ; the act was one 
 of bold, open defiance. The Anapolis Chapter of the " Daugh- 
 ters of the American Revolution " calls itself " The Peggy 
 Stewart Tea Party Chapter," and the 19th of October is its day. 
 In the history of the American Colonies, nothing is more 
 interesting and significant than the efforts, made almost im- 
 mediately by the early colonists, to establish institutions of 
 learning. In this respect, Maryland, as her records show% 
 was not behind her sisters. The early governors and all the 
 
40 
 
 men of note in the province had seen, from the first, the 
 necessit}' of education, and accordingly, A'^■;^^ Williani s School 
 was founded in 1694. Of this School St. John's College is 
 the descendant. Founded in 1784, formally opened in 1789, 
 St. John's has continued its life of usefulness down to our own 
 day and holds bright promise for the 3'ears to come. With 
 its general histor}^ is linked the personal history of many of 
 Maryland's noted sons some of wdiom were men of national 
 reputation also. 
 
 MAIN GATE. 
 
 The U. S. Naval Academy, known originally as the Naval 
 School, was established in 1845 ^y ^'^^ then Secretary of the 
 Navy, the Hon. George Bancroft, who had been called to a 
 place in the Cabinet by President, James K. Polk. Ban- 
 croft, so celebrated as a historian and a statesman, has also 
 the honor of having founded, during his short term as Secre- 
 tary of the Navy, the Naval School at Annapolis and the 
 Astronomical Observatory at Washington. 
 
41 
 
 Owing- to its natural advantages, its central location on the 
 Atlantic coast, and its nearness to the national government, 
 the Naval Academy was placed at Annapolis, on the land occu- 
 pied by Fort Severn, which was relinquished by the War 
 Department for the purpose of a Naval School. Accordingly, 
 in October, 1845, ^^'^^ School was formerly opened, Commander 
 Franklin Buchanan being the first Superintendent. 
 
 Among the early organizers of the School men to whom 
 its success is largely due, were Captain Buchanan ; William 
 Chauvenet, Professor of Mathematics ; Henry H. Lockwood, 
 Professor of Mathematics and of Military Tactics, and last 
 though not least Chaplain Jones. There were others, too, 
 whom, might this sketch be longer, it were a pleasure to dwell 
 upon ; but the four mentioned were of that marked individ- 
 uality which is apt to influence and mould younger men. And 
 your true educator, like your poet, is born, not made. 
 
 Captain Franklin Buchanan, afterward Admiral Buchanan 
 in the Confederate Service, was a thorough seaman, a fine 
 disciplinarian, a gentleman of that " old school " which it were 
 best to call the perpetual and true school. The influence of 
 the Superintendent is not only official, but social and individual 
 as between man and man. There are a few still living who 
 remember how excellent the influence of Captain Buchanan was. 
 
 William Chauvenet, afterwards President of Washington 
 University, St. Louis, Missouri, distinguished for his mathe- 
 matical and other talents, was well known to the scientists 
 throughout the country. He was a man whose beauty of char- 
 acter more than equalled his unusual intellectual gifts. 
 
 Professor H. H. Lockw^ood, called General Lockwood, was 
 a graduate of West Point. Upon the inception of the Naval 
 Academy he resigned from the Army in order to accept a 
 professorship of Mathematics and Military Tactics in the new 
 school. At the beginning of the Civil War, General Lockwood 
 
42 
 
 rejoined the Army as a volunteer, and served until the close 
 of the War. He was again appointed a Professor of Mathe- 
 matics, and after some years at the Xaval Academy was 
 attached to the ( )bservatory at Washington. Living to an 
 advanced, yet hale old age. he never lost his fresh interest in 
 matters educational and in the mental welfare and progress 
 of the young. General Lockwood was a man of sterlmg worth 
 and of unusual force of character. 
 
 1 before the establishment of the Naval Academy, the mid- 
 shipmen, many of whom entered the service at the tender 
 age of eight or ten, were brought up literally " Aboard Ship," 
 and were taught everything almost from their a b c's up. 
 Cha])lain Jones had been connected with the service long before 
 the founding of the Xaval Academy, and had been one of 
 the chief instructors aboard ship. Among his pupils, one of 
 whom he was justly proud and of whom he afterw^ard boasted, 
 was Admiral Farragut. Chaplain Jones was one who to force 
 of character added great sweetness and lovableness of nature. 
 He was peculiarly effective with young men, and wielded an 
 influence as far-reaching as it w^as rare. As an old officer 
 once said, to meet him was to remember him ; to know him 
 was to love. In those early days of the X^aval School his 
 interest in his midshipmen was peculiarly deep and strong. 
 He used to save his desserts, or any special delicacies, and take 
 them to the ailing or sick. It might be said in praise of him, 
 as it was said of Uugald Stewart, " that he inspired a love of 
 virtue in a whole generation of pupils." 
 
 When the Academy was first opened, the course was fixed 
 at five years, the first and last to be passed at the School ; the 
 intervening three to be passed at sea. The exigencies of the 
 service were such, however, that even in the beginning this 
 arrangement was not strictly adhered to. In 185 1 a board 
 of examiners recommended the leaving out of the three inter- 
 
43 
 
 veiling- years of sea service, and the mailing of four years of 
 study consecutive. The term of the Academic course was 
 changed again by law, March 3, 1873, from four to six years, 
 and the system has been continued with certain modifications 
 down to the present day. 
 
 On the outbreak of the War in 1861, the Naval Academy 
 was removed to Newport, R. I. In 1865 the Academy was 
 brought back to Annapolis, where it has since remained. 
 
 After the war with Spain, a discussion arose in Congress as 
 
 VIEW JUST AFTER ENTERING MAIN GATE. 
 
 to the advisability of removing the Naval Academy to a point 
 farther north. Hon. Sidney Mudd opposed the proposition, 
 and, wath the fore-thought which distinguished him as a 
 leader, introduced into the House a bill to provide means for 
 constructing new buildings for the present Naval Academy. 
 By courage and energy his efforts were crowned with success 
 and an appropriation of $8,000,000 was secured. In a few 
 years, therefore, Maryland's Httle Capital will possess one of 
 the Nation's o^reatest ornaments, a new Naval Academy. 
 
44 
 
 The main entrance to the Xaval Academy is through Alary- 
 land Avenue, nearly north of the State House. At the gate 
 a Marine Sentry is on duty for two hours, when he is relieved, 
 and is then allowed a four hours' rest. The lower gate, from 
 Governor Street ; the King George Street Gate ; and the en- 
 trance to the Government bridge leading to the Naval 
 Cemeterv, are all likewise guarded. Every morning, at 
 nine o'clock, this guard is changed ;^for, at a ceremony called 
 '* Guard-mount," the " detail " for the next twenty-four hours 
 assumes duty, and relieves the previous detail. A " detail " 
 consists of a commissioned officer, a sergeant of the guard, 
 several corporals, and a number of privates. 
 
 On entering the main gate, the building at the right is the 
 guard-house; that at the left is the headquarters of the Acad- 
 emy watchman. The main walk and driveway extends north- 
 east to the old wharf on the Severn. For many years this 
 wharf was known as the "Phlox Wharf,'.'; so named for the 
 old Government tender " Phlox." originally a New York ferry 
 boat, used as a dispatch boat during the Civil War. The old 
 " Phlox " has been at the Academy ever since. She is now 
 moored to the " Santee " Wharf, and is used as " quarters " 
 for the boatswain. 
 
 Passing down the main walk we come almost immediately 
 to Blake Row on the right, and to Goldsborough Row on the 
 left ; these Rows are named respectively after Superintendents 
 of the Naval Academy, distinguished naval officers. 
 
 Passing farther down the main walk, below the Tripoli 
 Monument and the steps leading to the middle walk, we come 
 to the Steam Engineering Department. The building is on the 
 extreme right, is lOO feet by 45, and its size is considerably 
 increased by wings. Opposite is the Physical Laboratory. 
 The lecture room and laboratory have been much improved, 
 the latter in 1877 having been practically rebuilt, and thereby 
 
45 
 
 made one of the best adapted and eciuipped chemical labora- 
 tories in the country. To the north of these buildings work 
 has been begun on the foundation of the Marine Engineering 
 Construction building. 
 
 This main walk, all the way to the old " Phlox " wharf, 
 is lined on each side by beautiful shade trees. Two iron guns, 
 24 pounders, captured on board the British Frigate '' Confi- 
 dence " at the Battle of Lake Champlain, by Commodore Mc- 
 Donough, are placed verticaHy one on each side of the entrance 
 
 BLAKE ROW. 
 
 to the hall of the Department of Steam Engineering. One 
 of these guns is slightly cracked and is indented on the face 
 of the muzzle by a shot. It is the gun which, by its recoil, 
 killed Commodore Downie, Commander of the British Fleet. 
 The gun was identified by Comn-iander Piatt, who was in the 
 action, and by Commodore Alexander S. Wads worth, who saw 
 the gun soon after the fight. 
 
 Parallel with the Hanover Street wall, and running between 
 the main walk and the chapel, is Blake Row, a row of houses 
 
46 
 
 which was built in 1859-61, during the administration 
 of Captain Blake. These dwellings are occupied by the 
 commandant of the Academy, and by the Heads of the 
 Departments of instruction. The houses are numbered from 
 I to 1 1 in detached groups of two, with prett\^ grass plots 
 and shrubbery between. A few months after Blake Row" 
 was finished, the Academy was removed to Newport at the 
 outbreak of the War ; and these buildings were then used 
 as a Military Hospital. 
 
 Close to "Lover's Lane," and not far from the Main 
 Walk, stands the Granite Monument erected to the memory of 
 the gallant Herndon. Commander William Lewis Herndon, 
 while on leave of absence, took command of the passenger 
 steamer "Central America," of the California mail line. In 
 a trip from Havana to Xew York she encountered a terrible 
 gale, and sprung a leak. Herndon preserved order; saved 
 the lives of the women and children, and went down at his 
 po.st, September 12th, 1857. As he went down it is said he 
 uttered the words, "I die with harness on." 
 
 After the Navy Department took possession of Fort 
 Severn, the first building to be erected at the School was the 
 Hall of Seamanship, built in 1846-47. This hall stands at 
 the head of Stribling Row (named in honor of Commander 
 Stribling, ) next to the Naval Institute Building which is 
 now the Library. Originally the Seamanship Building was 
 much smaller than at present, and lacked the projection in 
 the South-west front. It was built for various purposes, 
 dining-hall, atheneum, kitchen ; and the library was then 
 on the second floor The building was finished early in the 
 year 1847, ^^^^^ i^^ honor of its completion a ball was given 
 there on January 21st. On this occasion the Secretary of 
 the Navy, and the Naval Committees of both Houses, visited 
 the School. In 1853 the building was lengthened, and an 
 
47 
 
 addition was made. During Admiral Porter's administration 
 it was still used for its original purpose. 
 
 In 1869 the librar}' was removed to the newly purchased 
 ''Government House," and in the same year the midshipmen 
 were moved into the new quarters, which contained a large 
 Dining-hall. Thenceforth the old Mess Hall was used as a 
 dining-room for the Officers, and for that class of Midshipmen 
 which remained at the Academy during the summer ; also 
 as a Recitation hall. It is now used as the Superintendent's 
 
 ^SL_§^4jm 
 
 
 THE MESS HALL. 
 
 Office, and also by the Midshipmen storekeeper. Until re- 
 cently an extensive and interesting collection of models 
 used in the course of instruction in Seamanship and Naval 
 Architecture, was kept in the old Mess Hall. This collection 
 has now been removed to the Boat-house. 
 
 The large three-story Recitation Hall which stood next 
 to the Mess Hall, was built about 1850-63, and was used 
 until 1896, when it was condemned and torn down. To 
 supply its place, the large one-story frame Recitation Hall 
 near the New Quarters, was at once erected. 
 
48 
 
 Stribling Row, known as the Midshipmen "Old Quarters," 
 a row of nine buildings leading down to the Gjmmasium, 
 was built about 1851-56. The Midshipman Lieutenant- 
 Commander and the Second Class were quartered in these 
 buildings until the Autumn of 1900 when they moved tem- 
 porarily to the double Apartment House next to the Hosptal 
 in Goldsborough Row. 
 
 The Spanish Officers (with the exception of Admiral 
 Cevera and his son, Lieut. Cevera, who had a house in 
 
 STRIBLINQ ROW. 
 
 Buchanan Row) occupied the Old Quarters during the time 
 they were prisoners on parole at the Naval Academy in 
 July and August, 189S. 
 
 Parallel with Blake Row, and bounding the extensive 
 lawn in front of it, is "Lovers Lane." The name speaks 
 for itself. It is a beautiful winding walk over-arched with 
 fine old trees under which are placed benches for the weary. 
 No "plebes," or Fourth Classmen, are allowed to walk in 
 this Lane or to sit on the benches; but after the exercises 
 on Graduation Day, this Class now^ the Third Class, or 
 "Youngsters" make a might}' charge down this coveted 
 walk, and cheer lustily. 
 
49 
 
 The morning and afternoon concerts at the Band Stand' 
 are greatly enjoyed. The Band numbers thirty pices and is 
 under the leadership of Professor Zimmerman who is a great 
 favorite with the midshipmen. The graduating classes have 
 presented him with a handsome baton and several gold 
 medals. A musical composition, specially composed by Pro- 
 fessor Zimmerman, and dedicated to the graduating Class, is 
 always played at the June Ball. The National Air is played, 
 and the flag saluted, at the close of a concert or hop. The 
 
 LOVER'S LANE AND BAND STAND. 
 
 Naval Academy Band, has for some years, furnished the 
 music for the Princeton Commencement Exercises. 
 
 The Band accompanies the Midshipmen to Philadelphia 
 when they meet West Point Cadets at Football; and also 
 accompanies them to Washington for the Inaugurations. 
 
 After the Civil War, and during Admiral Porter's adminis- 
 tration, many buildings were erected. Among them the 
 "New Quarters" (a five story brick building), was finished 
 in the summer of 1869, and w^as occupied by the midshipmen 
 
50 
 
 in the following fall. The building stands at the left, not far 
 from the Main Gate, between Goldsborough Row and the 
 Physical and Chemical Laboratory. 
 
 On the ground floor are the offices of the Commandant of 
 the Midshipmen and of the Officers-in-charge, reception rooms 
 and a large dining-room. The first, third and fourth classes 
 are quartered on the floor above, each room having two 
 occupants. In the attic are two large rooms, one formerly 
 UvSed by the Drawing Department, and the other for instruction 
 
 MAIN CADETS' QUARTERS. 
 
 in Descriptive Geometry. The clock tower was condemned 
 and taken down in the spring of 1899, and the bell tower was 
 erected on the lawn in front of the dining-hall. There is a 
 fine lawn in front of the "New Quarters," and in the walk 
 which leads up to the main entrance of the building, "Forma- 
 tion" is held. On each side of this walk are raised seats 
 surrounded l)y cannon. These seats are for mid.shipmen only. 
 The Fourth class, or "Plebes," are not allowed bv their 
 
51 
 
 "Superiors" to enjoy these seats; but on Graduation Day, 
 after the Battalion has been dismissed, and the midshipmen 
 are allowed the freedom of the Academy, the newly advanced 
 "Youngters," or third Class, make a triumphant rush for 
 these seats. In front of the "New Quarters" is the Tripoli 
 Monument, erected to those who perished on a fire-ship in the 
 Harbor of Tripoli in 1804. The Monument which stood 
 originally in the Washington Navy Yard, was mutilated by 
 the British during their occupancy of Washington in 18 14. 
 By an Act of Congress an inscription was placed on the 
 Monument explaining the mutilation, and the monument was 
 removed to the west front of the Capitol. Later the broken 
 portions were repaired ; and the monument was transferred to 
 its present site. The brass guns of French make, also in 
 front of the "New Quarters" were captured at Vera-Cruz, 
 March, 1847. Other guns nearby, recently mounted, were 
 captured during the Spanish-American War. 
 
 The foundation of the magnificent " Midshipmen Quarters" 
 which will occupy what was Buchanan Row, was begun in 
 March, 1901. 
 
 This is the oldest building in the Academy grounds having 
 been the residence of the Governors of Maryland from 1753 till 
 1866, when it was conveyed, with four acres of land, to the 
 U. S, Government. There was some delay in the transfer of 
 the property, but in 1869 the house was finally given up, and 
 the wings and outbuildings, which were very extensive, 
 were torn down. The Library was then removed from the 
 Seamanship Hall and was placed in the rooms of the lower floor 
 of the Government House, and the second floor was fitted up for 
 the offices of the Superintendent and Secretary. Some interior 
 changes, suitable for a Library, were made ; but the building 
 was left practically intact, as it had been before 1750. The 
 "Annex" was built in 1877, and the "Extension" in 1887. 
 
52 
 
 The exact date of the erection of the Government House is 
 not known, but undoubtedly it was prior to the middle of the 
 eighteenth centur}-. Ridgely, in his "Annals of Annapolis," 
 and Prof. vSoley, in his "Historical Sketch of the Naval Acad- 
 emy", say the house w^as built b}^ Hon. Edward Jennings, of 
 Lincoln's Inn, Secretary of the Province of Maryland, and 
 Judge of the Land Office. 
 
 For ^looo, and by deed of February 20, 1769, Jennings 
 conveyed the property of Governor Robert Eden, as follows : 
 
 COLONIAL GOVERNMENT HOUSE. 
 
 "All that messuage or capital mansion, with the garden, yards 
 coach-houses, stables and out-houses thereunto belong ing, 
 -'^ -'^ '•' as the same now is or was late in the tenure or 
 occupation of his Excellency Horatio Sharpe, as tenant to the 
 said Edmund Jennings." This house, it will be noticed, was 
 not the official residence of the Proprietary Governors as is 
 the present Executive Mansion that of the State Governors. 
 There was no such official residence in the province. Governor 
 
53 
 
 Bladen made an attempt, in 1744, to l)uild such a house, and 
 employed as architect Mr. Duff, a vScotchman, who also built 
 the old Dulany house, but the plan was on too grand a scale 
 to be completed. The house was partly built and then left to 
 decay until 1786, when it was converted unto McDowell Hall, 
 of St. John's College. Colonel Horatio Sharpe, the second 
 Governor after Bladen, rented the Jennings house as being a 
 mansion worthy of the representative of the lyord Proprietary, 
 Sharpe lived in it during his term of office from 1753 to 1769, 
 when he retired to his beautiful manor-house, "Whitehall," 
 seven miles from Annapolis, on the north side of the Severn. 
 
 Governor Eden, the last royal Governor, succeeded Governor 
 Sharpe in 1769. He bought the Jenning's residence from 
 Jennings, and lived there several years. It is known that 
 Governor Eden built the wings, and it is quite possible that 
 he also built the tower in the rear, which enlarged the long 
 room by a deep semi-circular recess. At the outbreak of the 
 Revolution, Governor Eden espoused the Tory side, and, in 
 1776, he sailed for England. His property was confiscated. 
 His house and grounds in Annapolis came into the possession 
 of the State, and, until purchased by the National Govern- 
 ment, the house was thereafter used as the residence of Mary- 
 land's Governors. 
 
 Mr. Eddis, in 1769, thus described the house. "The Gov- 
 ernor's house is most beautifully situated, and wdien the 
 necessary alterations are completed it wall be a regular, con- 
 venient and elegant building. The garden is not extensive, 
 but it is disposed to the utmost advantage ; the centre walk is 
 terminated by a small green mount close to which the Severn 
 approaches ; this elevation commands an extensive view of the 
 bay and the adjacent country. The same objects appear to 
 equal advantage from the Saloon, and many apartments in the 
 house, and perhaps I may be justified in asserting that there 
 
54 
 
 are but few mansions in the most rich and cultivated parts of 
 England, which are adorned with such splendid and romantic 
 scenery." 
 
 Within the confines of the Academy there stood, until 1881, 
 another old house which was an interesting and valuable his- 
 toric landmark. This, the "Dulany House," was built for 
 Daniel Dulau}' by that same Scotch architect, Duff, who came 
 to the Colon}' in 1728. The house stood at the head of 
 Buchanan Row, and there are those yet living who can 
 •remember the "old Dulany House" with its beautiful gardens 
 extending to the Severn. In 1808 the executors of Major 
 Walter Dulany sold the house and seven acres of ground as a 
 site for Fort Severn. The successive Commandants of the 
 Fort occupied the house until 1845, when the Naval School 
 was established. Then the Superintendents of the Academy 
 used the house as their residence, until, in an unfortunate 
 hour. Admiral F. M. Ramsey had the old house torn down to 
 erect a "modern" one in its stead. Congress did not approve 
 of the Admiral's precipitate action, and declined to vote money 
 for the completion of the ill-advised "new structure" until 
 after Admiral Ramsey's term as Superintendent had expired. 
 
 Many distinguished naval officers, foreign representatives, 
 Presidents of the United States and officers of our own army 
 and navy, have been entertained in the "old Dulany House" 
 and in its short lived successor, which was likewise torn down 
 to make room for "improvements." 
 
 "Militarism" is the costliest and deadliest toy with which 
 grown-up children amuse themselves. Some day, let us hope, 
 that truth, justice and fair dealing will be found the only 
 defenses necessary in our intercourse with the world. 
 
 As early as 1794 the War Department employed a French 
 engineer named Vermounet to superintend the building of for- 
 tifications at Annapolis. In 1796 another engineer, who 
 
55 
 
 succeeded Vermouiiet, condemned the plan of his works, and 
 they were abandoned. Except to survey a new site, nothing 
 further was done until 1808, when the Government purchased 
 the Dulany property, and two additional acres comprising 
 "Windmill Point," the scene of the "Peggy Stewart" burning, 
 from the city of Annapolis. 
 
 The south and east sides of this territory were washed by 
 the Severn, a brick wall bounded the north and west sides, so 
 
 OLD FORT SEVERN, NOW GYMNASIUM. 
 
 that the enclosure was almost square. "Windmill Point" had 
 been the easternmost boundary of Annapolis, and here a 
 circular battery of masonwork was at once built. This is 
 Fort Severn proper ; and in January, 1809, Secretary Dearborn 
 reported to the Senate that the work was nearly complete, and 
 the cannon were mounted. By December following, quarters 
 for two companies of soldiers had been erected in the rear of 
 the fort. 
 
56 
 
 In 1.822 the battery comprised four 24 pounders, six 12 
 pounders and two 8 pounders. 
 
 Fort Severn, according to Professor Soley, as far as can be 
 ascertained from careful study of plans and records, consisted 
 of a stone wall about 14 feet high, enclosing a square 100 feet 
 in diameter. In the centre of this enclosure was a small 
 circular magazine built of brick. The space between the 
 magazine and the wall was covered by a terre-plein, or plat- 
 form, upon which the battery stood. The parapet, with sodded 
 top, was two or three feet higher than the platform, as was 
 also the conical roof of the magazine. 
 
 After the purchase of the Fort and the establishment of the 
 Naval School, the midshipmen were exercised at great-gun 
 practice in this battery, using the old ami}- guns mounted in 
 barbette, that is to say, so mounted as to fire over the parapet 
 instead of through embrasures. 
 
 At one time, at the foot of the level near the water, a 
 wooden frame was built to represent a section of the gun-deck 
 of a ship ; and in old representations of the Naval School this 
 structure may be seen. Its use, however, was soon discon- 
 tinued. 
 
 In 1 85 1, there was built inside the parapet and around the 
 platform a wooden wall which was pierced with small embras- 
 ures to represent the port-holes of a ship, and the whole 
 building was roofed over. The great-gun exercise was held 
 here till 1861, and, after the return of the Naval School in 1865, 
 till some time during Admiral Porter's administration. Then 
 the exercise was transferred to the "Santee" and the Fort w^as 
 transformed into a gymnasium. May this be the happy des- 
 tiny of all forts. A floor was now put in the place of the old 
 platform ; the magazine was taken out and its contents were 
 removed to the Monitor, and a gallery, or corridor was built 
 around what might now be called the second story of the 
 
57 
 
 building. From the gallery a covered way was thrown across 
 to the fencing room. A bowling alley was arranged on the 
 ground floor, and the openings used in the great gun drill were 
 sufficiently^ enlarged to admit of free passage from the mam 
 floor of the gymnasium to the gallery. Here were held the 
 "hops" and the January and June balls. From the old gallery 
 spectators have looked upon many brilliant assemblages. Lat- 
 terly, these social functions have been held in the boat house 
 and in the armory. Hardly any change w^as made in the 
 gymnasium until Captain Pythian's administration, when, 
 without destroying the original plan, the whole was thoroughly 
 
 THE SANTEE. 
 
 renovated and enlarged. It was the same old fort, the first 
 story, or base, being of stone ; the second, of wood. The 
 renovation was completed in 1892, and thenceforth the building 
 was a thoroughly equipped gymnasium. A "tournament" or 
 exhibition of gymnastic skill is held in March of every year 
 
58 
 
 and again in June, in honor of the Board of Visitors. The 
 midshipmen are carefully instructed, and there are all con- 
 veniences for this purpose. 
 
 The "Santee," an old frigate housed over, is moored to the 
 north-east wharf of the Academy. Owing to some defect in 
 her portholes, the "Santee," it is said, has made but one 
 cruise. During the Civil War, when the school was at New- 
 port, the "Santee" was, with the "Constellation," used as a 
 school ship. On the return of the Academy, and during 
 Admiral Porter's administration, 1865-69, the "Santee" was 
 fitted up for gunnery practice. Since then she has served the 
 Academy in various ways; as "quarters" at times, for the 
 midshipmen ; as barracks for the marine guard ; as a place of 
 punishment for reckless midshipmen, who, therefore, dub her 
 the "U. S. P. S." From her one short mast flies the flag of 
 the Superintendent. A quarter-master is always on watch to 
 report all ships coming in and to exchange signals with ships 
 outside the bar. The "Santee" is also the residence, or 
 "quarters," of the officer who has charge of the vessels, 
 launches, boats used at the Acadeni}-. Charming receptions 
 are given aboard the ' 'Santee, ' ' and then the old frigate is 
 brilliantly illuminated, beautifully decorated with flags, and 
 dancing is enjoyed upon her broad, smooth deck. 
 
 On the side of the wharf, with her masts showing above 
 the "Santee," lies the "Bancroft," which was built as a 
 practice ship for the midshipmen. She w^as rather small for a 
 training ship, and in summer took one-half of the midshipmen 
 for practice, more especially in engineering. In winter the 
 "Bancroft" was used as a gunnery-practice vessel. Being 
 inadequate in size for a training ship, she became, in 1896, 
 after four year's service, a gun boat in regular commission. 
 
 As an Artillery Drill is intended purely for fighting effici- 
 ency, all accoutrements are governed by this intent. The 
 
59 
 
 uniform, a serviceable one, with leggins, is meant for hard 
 work. The baud ma}^ or may not, attend the BattaHon, but 
 if it does, it is stationed well in the rear, and never plays 
 while the pieces are being made ready for action. At the 
 Academy each Infantry company is divided into two platoons, 
 each platoon into two sections, and to each section is assigned 
 
 ARTILLERY DRILL, 
 
 one piece of field artillery, with proper ammunition, carried 
 on the piece in boxes. Long ropes, fitted with wooden toggles, 
 are made fast to the artillery pieces, which are drawn by the 
 midshipmen themselves, instead of by horses, as is done in the 
 Army. When formed, the Battalion is exercised in loading. 
 
 Note. — In the illustration the drill is on the old drill £;round in the rear of Buchanan 
 Row, between Stribling and Porter Rows, and in full view of Annapolis harbor. The 
 old mulberry tree which stood in what was originally the garden of the Uulany House 
 was cut down some years ago. The Marine Barracks, which stood at the end of 
 Porter Row, is seen at the right. Owing to the excavation for the foundation of the 
 new "Midshipmen Quarters," the Battalions of Artillery and of Infantry have, since 
 the vSpring of 1901, been drilled on the lawn in front of Upshur Row. on the other side 
 of the Academj'. The colors are not alwaj-s carried at Artillerj' Drill. 
 
6o 
 
 firing, mounting and dismounting the pieces, and all military 
 evolutions are gone through with. 
 
 In the accompanying illustration the Battalion is formed 
 for inspection, with the Artillery in the rear. 
 
 As the name implies. Dress Parade is the show function of 
 the Battalion when under arms. The full uniform is worn — 
 no attention is paid to fighting efficiency — and every effort is 
 made to present a brilliant appearance. The Band is always 
 in attendance, and its evolutions make one of the most pictur- 
 
 -*>«»'_. ^, 
 
 '>^<^ 
 
 DRESS PARADE. 
 
 esque features of the parade. The Battalion is formed in four 
 companies, each under a Midshipman Captain, and is then 
 marched to the parade ground where the Adjutant forms them 
 in line, with the Band on the right. The Colonel, who takes 
 his position in front of the centre, then exercises the Battalion 
 in the Manual of Arms only, and when finished has all the 
 Midshipmen Officers formed in line immediately in front of 
 him, and, if he so wishes, may express his opinion of the 
 
6i 
 
 parade. Then, the Band playing, the companies are marched 
 off the ground, at double time, by the first Sargeants, and the 
 parade is over. 
 
 In the illustration the Dress Parade is held on the broad 
 lawn between the middle walk and the "Old Mess Hall." 
 The right end of the "New Quarters" is seen through the trees 
 at the left. The Colonel stands near the flag staff. 
 
 In February, 1901, a former Naval Officer, Mr. T. C. 
 Wood, presented to the Battalion the handsome colors which 
 were carried in the Inauguration Parade. During the June 
 exercises, at the competitive Drill, in the presence of the Board 
 of Visitors, a young lady (who is chosen by the Captain of the 
 Company which has shown the most proficiency throughout 
 the year), presents to the victorious Company these Colors, 
 which are then carried by it during the ensuing year. 
 
 The Naval Academy should be dear to Americans generally, 
 and especially those who receive its training. It had for its 
 founder one of the most distinguished men the country has 
 produced, and for its organizers men whose character, a1)ility, 
 and singleness of purpose, it would be hard to surpass. 
 
62 
 
 (Bovcrnore of flDarv^lanb. 
 
 LORDvS PROPRIETARY. 
 
 1632 Cecelius Calvert, 
 
 1675 Charles Calvert, 
 
 1 7 15 Benedict Leonard Calvert, 
 
 1 7 15 Charles Calvert, 
 
 1 75 1 Frederick Calvert, 
 
 1 77 1 Henry Harford, Esq, 
 
 PRESENT GOVERNOR'S HOUSE, STATE CIRCLE. 
 
 PROPRIETARY GOVERNORvS 
 
 1633 Leonard Calvert, 
 
 1647 Thomas Green, 
 
 1649 William Stone, 
 
 1654 Bennett and IVIatthews, com. under Parliament. 
 
 1658 Josiah Fendall. 
 
 1660 Philip Calvert. 
 
 1661 Charles Calvert, 
 
 later Third Lord Baltimore. 
 
63 
 
 1676 Cecelius Calvert, a minor, with Jesse Wheaton, 
 and later Thomas Notley, deputy Governor. 
 
 1676 Thomas Notley. 
 
 1678 Charles, Lord Baltimore. 
 
 1684 Benedict Leonard Calvert, a minor, with a com- 
 mission of deputy Governor. 
 
 1689 Convention of Protestant Association. 
 
 ROYAL GOVERNORvS. 
 
 1 69 1 Sir Leonard Copley, 
 
 1693 Sir Edmund Andros, 
 
 1694 Francis Nicholson, 
 1699 Nathaniel Blakistone, 
 
 1703 .Thomas Tench, 
 
 President of King's Council. 
 
 1704 John Seymour, 
 1709 Edward Lloyd, 
 
 President of King's Council. 
 
 1 714 John Hart, 
 
 PROPRIETARY GOVERNORS. 
 
 1715 John Hart, 
 1720 Charles Calvert, 
 
 1727 Benedict Leonard Calvert, 
 
 /o 
 
 2 Samuel Ogle, 
 
 1733 Charles, Lord Baltimore, 
 1735 Samuel Ogle, 
 1742 Thomas Bladen, 
 1747 Samuel Ogle, 
 
 1752 Benjamin Tasker, 
 
 President of the King's Council for over thirty 
 years. 
 
 1753 Horatio Sharpe, 
 1769-74 Sir Robert Eden, bart. 
 
 1774-76 Convention and Council of Safety. 
 
64 
 
 vSTATE GOVERNORS. 
 
 I^lected by Legislature with an Executive 
 Council. No party lines. 
 
 1777 Thomas Johnson, Jr., 
 
 1779 Thomas Sim Lee, 
 
 1782 William Paca, 
 
 1785 William Smallwood, 
 
 1788 John Eager Howard, 
 
 179T George Plater, 
 
 1792 Thomas Sim Lee, 
 
 1797 John Henry, 
 
 1 801 Benjamin Ogle. 
 
 1803 Robert Bowie, 
 
 1806 Robert Wright, 
 
 1809 Edw^ard Lloyd, 
 
 181 1 Robert Bowie, 
 
 1812 Levin Winder, 
 
 1815 Charles Ridgely, of Hampton, 
 
 1818 Charles Goldsborough. 
 
 1819 Samuel Sprigg, 
 1822 vSamuel Stevens, Jr., 
 1825 Joseph Kent. 
 
 1828 Daniel Martin, 
 
 1829 Thomas King Carroll, 
 
 1830 Daniel Martin, 
 
 1 83 1 George How^ard, (acting) 
 
 1832 George Howard, 
 
 1833 James Thomas. 
 1835 Thomas W. Veazey, 
 
 By the people under amended Constitution of 
 
 1838, for three years. 
 1838 William Grason, 
 1841 Francis Thomas, 
 1844 Thomas G. Pratt, 
 1847 Philip Francis Thomas, 
 1850 E. Louis Low^e, 
 
 By the people under the Constitution of 1851, 
 
 for four vears. 
 
1853 Thomas Watkins Ligon, 
 
 1857 Thomas HolHday Hicks, 
 
 1861 Augustus W. Bradford, 
 
 1865 Thomas Swann, 
 
 1868 Oden Bowie, 
 
 1872 WilHam Pinkney Whyte, 
 
 (United States Senator, 1874) 
 1874 James Black Groome, 
 
 Unexpired term of Governor Whyte,) 
 1876 John Ivee Carroll, 
 1880 \Vm T Hamilton, 
 
 1884 Robert McLane, 
 
 Minister to France, 18S5. 
 
 1885 Henry Lloyd, 
 
 President of Senate, succeeded from 27th of 
 March, and was elected for the balance of the 
 term by Legislature, January 20, 1886. 
 
 1888 Elihu E. Jackson, 
 
 1892 Frank Brown, 
 
 1896 Lloyd Lowndes, 
 
 1900 John Walter vSmith, 
 
 Cbicf 3u&ge0 of tbc fll^ar\)lan^ 
 Court of Hppcale, 
 
 1779 — 1806 Benjamin Rumsey, 
 
 1806 — 1824 Jeremiah Townley Chase, 
 
 1824 — 1845 John Buchanan, 
 
 1845 — 1851 vStephenson Archer, 
 
 1851 — 1861 John Carroll Le Gran, 
 
 186 [ — 1867 Richard Johns Bowie, 
 
 1867 — 1883 James Lawrence Bartol, 
 
 1883 — 1893 Richard Henry Alvey, 
 
 1893 — 1896 John Mitchell Robinson, 
 
 1896 — James McvSherry. 
 
66 
 
 State Xibrarians, 
 
 February, 1827 — ]March 10, '42, David Ridgely, 
 March, 1842 — February, '45, J. H. T. Magruder, 
 Februar}', 1845 — February, '52, Richard Swann, 
 February, 185- — April, '53, Henry E. Bateman, 
 Apjil, 1S53 — February, '56, Williaui Harwood, 
 February, 1856— April, "57, Thomas Tillarshall, 
 April, 1857 — May, '61, Llewellyn Boyle, 
 May, 1 86 r— April, '63, E. M. vShipley, 
 April, 1863— February, '68. H. P. Jordan, 
 February, 1868 — February, '70, Henry A. Silver, 
 February, 1870— April, '80, John H. T. Magrudei . 
 April, 1880— May, '92, Edmund P. Duvall, 
 May, 1892 — May, '96 Luther H. Gadd, 
 May, 1896 — Mrs. Anne Burton Jeffries. 
 
 Iprc0ibcnt0 of St. Jobu'e College. 
 
 V 
 
 1790— 1807 John McDowell, LL. D. 
 
 1807— 18 1 2 Rev. Bethel Judd, D.D. 
 
 18 1 2 — 1824 Rev. Henry Lyon Davis, D.D. 
 
 1824— 1831 Rev. William Rafferty, D.D. 
 
 183 1— 1857 Rev. Hector Humphreys, D.D. 
 
 1857— 1861 Rev. Cleland K. Nelson, D.D. 
 
 1866— 1867 Henry Barnard, LL. D. 
 
 1867 — 1870 James C. Willing, LL. D. 
 
 1870— 1880 James M. Garnett, LL. D. 
 
 1880— 1884 Rev. J. McDowell Leavitt, D.D. LL. D. 
 
 1884— 18S6 W^illiam H. Hopkins. Ph. D. 
 
 1886— Thomas Fell, Ph. D., LL. D. 
 
67 
 
 Supcrintcn^cnte of tbc 1Dinitc& 
 States IRaval aca^cnl?. 
 
 Coniniander Franklin Buchanan, September, 1845. 
 Commander George P. Upshur, March, 1847. 
 Commander Cornelius K. Stribling, July, 1850. 
 Commander Louis M. Goldsborough, November, 1853. 
 Captain George S. Blake, September, 1857. 
 Rear Admiral D. D. Porter, September, 1865. 
 Commodore John L. Worden, December, 1869. 
 Admiral C. P. R. Rogers, September, 1874. 
 Commodore Foxhall A, Parker, July, 1878. 
 Admiral George B. Balcli. August, 1879. 
 Admiral C. P. R. Rogers, June, 1881. 
 Captain F. M. Ramsey, November, 1881, 
 Commander W. F. Sampson, September, 1886. 
 Captain R. Iv. Pythian, June, 1890. 
 Captain P. H. Cooper, November, 1894. 
 Admiral F. V. McNair, July, 1898. 
 Commander Richard Wainv^right, March, 1900. 
 Captain Williard H. Brownson. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY 
 
 ENTRANCE 
 
 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 NET $1.00. POST PAID $1.10. 
 
 A GUIDE FOR NAVAL ACADEMY STUDENTS. 
 
 A very valuable little book of loo pages, compiled and arranged by M. C. 
 Dugan, has just been published by Gushing & Go., of Baltimore, giving much 
 detailed information on "Naval Academy Entrance and Examination Papers." 
 The introductory chapters specify the regulations governing the admission of 
 candidates into the United States Naval Academj^ and the requirements of eligi- 
 bility. There is very great need for such a work, and the present compilation 
 will no doubt be of material service to all who have an ambition to serve under 
 the flag in the navy. The book is wholly constructed to meet the wants of those 
 desiring to enter the Naval Academy and to prosecute the studies which will best 
 fit them to enter the school and graduate from it with honor. Every study in 
 the course is treated, and such examples given of what is required in the exam- 
 inations that students animated by a proper desire will find in the pages of the 
 book such safe and reliable guidance that they could hardly go amiss in observing 
 the directions and suggestions there so clearly and plainly laid down. — Baltimore 
 Sun. 
 
 V. S. NAVAL AGADEMY EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 This compilation of the questions asked of candidates for entrance to the Naval 
 Academy during the past few years is intended as a legitimate guide for the 
 information of those who have been designated to take the entrance examinations 
 this year. Such an examination will be held in this city September 15 under the 
 auspices of the civd service commission. In addition to the compiled questions 
 are given the regulations governing the qvialifications of candidates. The book 
 forms a valuable guide to those young men who aspire to tread the decks of 
 American men-of-war ships in uniform, and, if conscientiously studied, should 
 increase the chances of all who have been designated for the entrance tests. — 
 Washington Star. 
 
 U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1899-1902. 
 
 A manual of much value to the prospective candidate for admission to the 
 United States Naval Academy. Regulations governing the admission of candidates, 
 dates of examinations. Civil Service rules, and much useful miscellaneous infor- 
 mation for candidates is given. — Cumulative Book Index. 
 

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