No. h — Inducements and Charter from States General of Holland to Settlers on the Hudson. Edited by MARTIN G. BRUMBAUGH, A. M.. Ph. D. JOSEPH S. WALTON, Ph. D. t^C ^* t^* t^* l^* PHILADELPHIA: CHRISTOPHER SOWER COMPANY, 614 ARCH STREET. PREFATORY NOTE, The increasing demand for original historical documents, illus* iting the growth and development of American institutions, has luced the editors to issue the "Liberty Bei,i. Leafi.ets." That the student may see history through the eyes of its ikers, this series will present, from time to time, important original pers which are by reason of expense or rarity not readily accessible. That the student may not be encumbered with irrelevant mat- and that the expense may be reduced to a minimum, the leaflet m has been adopted, and all extraneous matter eliminated. There are already some admirable publications illustrative of ; influence of colonial charters upon the state and local governments ng within the extreme northern belt of migration westward. For 5 reason the series will deal more largely with papers typical of prietary influence ; and of the county-township system of local ernment as it impressed itself upon that belt of western migration ch sprang from the middle colonies and spread to the Pacific. Liberty Bell Leaflets Translations and Reprints of Original Historical Documents. No* ^—Inducements Offered by the States General ^^ of Holland from 16\4 to 1626 to those Merchants and Navigators who would discover New Countries; together with the Charter of Privileges Granted to the Patroons, EDITED BY Martin G. Brumbaugh, A. M., Ph. D. Joseph S. Walton, Ph. D. Phii.adei.phia : Christopher Sower Company, 614 Arch Street. EDITORS' NOTES. itrttsB The activity of the Dutch Traders, in the region reported by Henry Hudson at an early date, aroused the interest of the States General of Holland. Tempting inducements were held out to the merchants, traders, and sailors for the discovery of new lands. These inducements led to the Dutch explorations in the region between tlie "South" (Delaware) river and the 'Fresh" (Connecticut) river. The papers here presented illustrate this activity by the Dutch. The Charter, granted by the States General to the Dutch on the Hudson, shows the efforts of the Dutch Government to establish an aristocratic feudal government in a new land, among a people who cherished an abiding love for liberty and democracy. These papers may be studied with profit by students desiring to secure an insight into the genesis of Middle States Government. Copyright 1S9S, by Christoi'Iur Sowkr Comtanv. Resolution in Favor of Those who Discover New Countries. [Copv OF A Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland, dated 2oth March, 1614.] OX THE Remonstrance of divers Merchants wishing to discover Xew unknovvn Rivers, Countries and Places not sought for (nor resorted to) heretofore from tliese parts, it is, after previous mature deUberation, re- solved that the Generality shall accord and grant, that who- ever shall resort to and discover such new Lands and Places, shall alone be privileged to make four A'oyages to such Lands and Places from these Countries, exclusive of every other person, until the aforesaid four X'oyages shall have been completed: it being well understood, that on the return of the first discovery or exploration, a pertinent Report shall be rendered to the Lords States General, in order that their High Mightinesses may then order and determine, accord- ing to the distance and circumstances of the Countries or Places, within what time the aforesaid four voyages nuist be concluded: and ah^^o with this understanding, that whosoever shall find, discover anrl explore the same Countries and Places about the same time or season, shall be admitted, at the discretion and on the decision of the Lords States General, to prosecute the aforesaid voyages in company; provided also that this concession shall not prejudice pre- vious concessions or grants. (3) General Charter for Those who Discover any New Passages, Havens, Countries or Places. [From the Act Book of the States General in the Royal Archives at the Hague.] THE States General of the United Netherlands. To all those who shall see these presents, or hear them read. Greeting. Be it Known, Whereas We under- stand it would be honorable, serviceable and profitable to this Country, and for the promotion of its prosperity, as well as for the maintenance of seafaring people, that the good In- habitants should be excited and encouraged to employ and occupy themselves in seeking out and discovering Passages, Havens, Countries and places that have not before now been discovered nur frequented; and being informed by some Traders that they intend with God's merciful help, by dili- gence labor, danger and expence, to employ themselves thereat. as they expect to derive a handsome profit therefrom, if it pleased Us to privilege, charter and favor them, that they alone might resort and sail to and frequent the pas- sages, havens, countries and places to be by them newly found and discovered, for six voyages as a compensation for their outlays, trouble and risk, with interdiction to all, direct- ly or indirectly to resort or sail to, or frequent the said pas- sages, havens, countries or places, before and until the first discoverers and finders thereof shall have comj^leted the aforesaid six voyages: Therefore, We having dul}- weighed the aforesaid matter and finding, as hereinbefore stated, the said undertaking to be laudable, iKjnorable and serviceable for the prosperity of the Ignited J'rovinces, And wishing that the experiment be free and open to all and every of the Inhabitants of this country, have invited and du hereby in- vite, all and every of the Inhabitants of the L'nited Nether- lands to the aforesaid search, and. therefore, have granted (4) and consented, grant and consent hereby that whosoever any new Passages, Havens, Countries or Places shall from now henceforward discover, shall alone resort to the same or canse them to be frequented for four voyages, without any other person directly or indirectly sailing, frequenting or resorting, from the United Netherlands, to the said newly discovered and found passages, havens, countries or places, until the first discoverer and finder shall have made or cause to be made the said four voyages, on pain of confiscation of the goods and ships wherewith the contrary attempt shall be made, and a fine of Fifty thousand Netherlands Ducats, to the profit of the aforesaid finder or discoverer. Well under- standing that the discoverer on completion of the first voy- age, shall be holden within fourteen days after his return from said \'oyage, to render unto Us a pertinent Report of the aforesaid discoveries and adventures, in order, on hearing thereof We may adjudge and declare, according to circum- stances and distance, within what time the aforesaid four voyages must be completed, Provided that We do not un- derstand to prejudice hereby or in any way to diminish our former Charters and Concessions : And, if one or more Com- panies find and discover in or about one time or one year, such new Passages, Countries, havens or Places, the same shall conjointly enjoy this Our Grant and Privilege; and in case any differences or questions concerning these, or other- wise should arise or occur from this our Concession, the same sliall be decided by Us, whereby each shall have to reg- ulate himself. And in order that this Our Concession shall be made known equally to all We have ordered that these be published and affixed at the usual places in the United Countries. Thus done at the Assembly of the Lords States General at the Hague the XXVHth of Alarch XVIc and fourteen. \\'as parapheered — J. van Oldenbarnevelt vt. Understood — By order of the Lords States General. Signed C. AERSSEX. Grant of Exclusive Trade to New Netherlands [From tiik Minutk on a half sheet of paper, in the Royal Archives in the Hague; File, Loopende.] TUV. States ("icncral of the United Xetlieiiands to all to whom these presents shall eome, Greeting: WlKuvas, (lerrit Jaco1:>z Witssen, antient llnrgo- niaster of the City Amsterdam, Jonas Witssen, Simon ]\Iorrissen, owners of the Ship named the Little Ju)x. whereof jan de With lias been Skipper; Hans Mongers, Paulus I^elgrom, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, owners of the two ships named the Tiger and the Fortune, whereof Aedriaen lUoek and Hendrick Corstiaenssen were Skippers; Arnolt van Lybergen, Wessel Schenck, Hans Claessen and Herent Sweertssen, owners of the Ship named the Xightingale, whereof Thys A'olekertssen was Skipper. Merehants (A the aforesaid City Amsterdam, and Pieter Clementssen Ih-nnwer, Jan Clementssen Kies, and Cornelis \'o]ckcrtssen. Merchants of the City of Hoorn, owners of the Shi]) named the I^jrtuyn, wliereof Cornelis Jacobssen ^lay was Ski])per, all noNv associated in one Company, have re- s]x-ctfully represented to us, that they, the petitioners, after great expenses and damages l)y loss of ships and other dan- gers, liad, during the i)resent year, discovered and found with the above named five ships, certain Xcw Lands situate in America, Ix'tween Xcw l-'rancc and X'irginia, the Sea C(>a>ts whereof li^ bt-tween forty and fort\-inve degrees of Latitude, and now called Xew Xetherland : And whereas We (hd, in tile month of Marcli last, tor tlie i)romotion and (6) increase of Commerce, cause to be published a certain Gen- eral Consent and Charter setting forth, that whosoever should thereafter discover new havens, lands, places or pas- sages, might frequent, or cause to be frecjuented, for four voyages, such newly discovered and found places, passages, havens, or lands, to the exclusion of all others from visiting or frequenting the same from the United Netherlands, until the said first discoverers and finders shall, themselves, have completed the said four \'oyages, or caused the same to be done within the time prescribed for that purpose, under the penalties expressed in the said Octroy &c. they request that we would accord to them due Act of the aforesaid Octroy in the usual form: Which being considered. We, therefore, in C)ur Assembly having heard the pertinent Report of the Petitioners, rela- tive to the discoveries and finding of the said new Countries between the alcove named limits and degrees, and also of their adventures, have consented and granted, and by these presents do consent and grant, to the said Petitioners now united into one Company, that they shall be privileged ex- clusively to frequent or cause to be visited, the above newly discovered lands, situate in Amerit:a between Xew France and \'irginia, whereof the Sea coasts lie between the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees of Latitude, now named Xew Xether- land, as can be seen by a Figurative Map hereunto annexed, and that for four \^oyages wdthin the term of three Years, commencing the first of January, Sixteen hundred and fif- teen next ensuing, or sooner, without it being permitted to any other person from the Cnited X'etherlands, to sail to, navigate or frequent the said newly discovered lands, ha- vens or places, either directly or indirectl}-. within the said three Years, on pain of Confiscation of the vessel and Cargo wherewith infraction hereof shall be attempted, and a fine of Fifty thousand Xetherland Ducats for the benefit of said discoverers or finders; provided, nevertheless, that by these 8 presents We do not intend to prejndice or diniinisli any of our former grants or Charters; And it is also Our intention, that if anv disputes or differences arise from these Our Con- cessions, they shall be decided by Ourselves. We therefore expressly connnand all Governors, Justices, Officers, i\Iag-is- trates and inhabitants of the aforesaid United Countries that thev allow the said Company peaceably and quietly to enjoy the whole l)eneiit of this Our grant and consent, ceasing all contradictions and obstacles to the contrary. For such we have found to appertain to the public service, (jiven under Our Seal, paraph and signature of our Secretary at the Hague the xith of October 1614. Captain Hendricksen's Report of his Discoveries in New Netherlands [Fkom the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague; File, entitled Loopende.] REPORT of Captain Cornelis Hendricxzn of Mun- nickcndam to the Hig-b and Alighty Lords States General of the Free, United Netherland Provinces made on the xviiith Angust A° 1616,, of the coun- tries, l)ay and three rivers situate in the Latitude from 38 to 40 degrees, by him discovered and found for and to the be- hoof of his Owners and Directors of New Netherland, by name Gerrit Jacob Witsen Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, Paulus Pel- grom and others of their Company. First, he hath discovered for his aforesaid ^Masters and Directors certain lands, a bay and three rivers situate be- tween 38 and 40 degrees. And did there trade with the In- habitants; said trade consisting of Sables, Furs, Robes and other skins. He hath found the said Country full of trees, to wit: — Oaks, hickory and pines; which trees were, in some places, covered with vines. He hath seen, in the said country Bucks and does, turkeys and partridges. He hath found the climate of the said Country very tem- perate, judging it to be as temperate as that of this country, Holland. He also traded for, and bought from the inhabi- tants, the ]\Iincjuaes, three persons, being people belonging to this Company; which three persons were employed in the service of the Mohawks and Alachicans; giving for them kettles, beads and merchandize. Read August 19, 16 16. (9) Mr. Peter Schagen to the States General ; the Island of Manhattans Purchased. [From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague : File, entitled West Indie.] HI (.11 and Alio-lny Lords: Yesterday, arrived here the Ship the Arms of AmsterdaiiL which sailed from Xew Xetherland, out of the River Alaiiritius. on the 23rd September. [ he\ report that our p^eople are in good heart and live in ]K^ace there; the Women also have borne some children there. They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value of 60 siuilders: 'tis 11.000 morcrens in size. Tliey had all their grain sowed by the middle of Alay, and reajKHl bv the middle of August. They send thence samples of summer grain: such as wheat, rye. barley, oats, liuckwheat. canary seed, beans and flax. The cargo of the aforesaid ship is: — 7246 Beaver skins. 178J Otter skins. 675 Otter skins. 48 Minck skins. 36 \\'ild cat skins. 33 Mincks. 34 Rat skins. Considerable ( )ak timber and Hickory. Herewith. High and Mighty Lords, be commended to the mercy of the Almighty. In Amsterdam the 5th November, Ad 1626. Your High Aliglitinesses' obedient. Received 7th November, 1626. (Signed) P. SCHAGEN. The address was as follows: High and Mighty" Lords. My Lords the States ( ieneral at the Hague. Uo) Patent to Kiliaen Van Rensselaer for a Tract of Land on Hudson^s River* [From the Authentic Transcript in the Royal Ar- chives AT THE Hague ; File, West Indie.] (l. s. ) AXXO 1630. adi 13th of August. We, the Director and Council of New Xetherland, residing- on the Island Manhatas and in Fort Amsterdam, under the authority of their High jMightinesses the Lords' States General of the United Netherlands and the incorpo- rated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, do hereby acknowledge and declare, that on this day. the date under written, before us appeared and presented themselves in their proper persons: Kottomack. Xawanemit Albant- zeene, Sagiskwa and Kanaomack, owners and proprietors of their respective parcels of land, extending up the River, South and Xorth, from said Fort unto a little south of AIo- eneminnes Castle, to the aforesaid proprietors, belonging joindy and in common, and the aforesaid Xawanemit's par- ticular land called Semesseerse, lying on the East Bank op- posite Castle Island ofT unto the above mentioned Fort; Item, from Pentanock, the Millstream, away Xorth to Xega- gouse, in extent about three miles, and declared freely and advisedly for and on account of certain parcels of Cargoes, which they acknowledge to have received in tlieir hands and power before the execution hereof, and. by virtue and bill of sale, to hereby transport, convey and make over to the Mr. Kiliaen van Rensselaer, absent, and for whom We, ex officio and with due stipulation, accept the same; namely: the respective parcels of land hereinbefore specified, with the timber, appendencies and dependencies thereof, to- gether with all the action, right and jurisdiction to them the ( 1 1 .) 12 o-rantors. conjointly or severally belonging, constituting and surrogating the said Mr. Rensselaer in their stead, state and right, real and actual possession thereof, and at the same time giving him full, absolute and irrevocable power, au- thority and special command to hold, in quiet possession, cultivation, occupancy and use, tanquam actor et procurator in rem suam ac propriam, the land aforesaid, acquired by said yiv. A 'an Rensselaer, or those who may hereafter ac- quire his interest: also, to dispose of, do with and alienate it, as he or others should or might do with his other and own Lands and domains acquired by good and lawful title, with- out the grantors therein retaining, reserving or holding any, tlie smallest part, right, action or authority whether of prop- erty, conmiand or jurisdiction, but rather, promising this their conveyance and whatever may by virtue thereof be done, not only forever to hold fast and irrevocable to ob- serve and to fulfill, 1nit also to give security for the surren- der of the aforesaid land, obligans et renuncians a bona fide. Tn testimony is this confirmed by our usual signature, with the ordinary seal thereunto depending. Done at the afore- sail Island ^^fanahatas and Fort Amsterdam, on the day and year aforesaid. Signed, Peter ^linuit. Director; Pieter Byl- velt, Jacob Elbertss, Wissinck, Jan Jassen Brouwer, Symon Dirckss. Pos, Reyner Harmensen, Jan Lampe, Sheriff. ^dicre was, besides: This Conveyance written with mine own hand is, in consecjuence of the Secretary's absence, exe- cuted in niv jircsence on the thirteenth day of August, X\'Ic, and thirty, as above. Signed, Lenart Cole, Deputy Secretary. After collating with tlie Original, dated, signed and sealed as above, this Copy is found to agree with it. Amsterdam, the 5th September, 1672. In testimony, (Signed) ADRIAN LOCK, Notaris Pul)l. 1672. New Project of Freedoms and Exemptions, [From the M. S. , without date, in the Royal Archives AT the Hague ; File, entitled West Indie, 1630-1635.] FREEDOMS, Privileges and Exemptions, granted by the High and Mighty Lords States General, ex plenitudine potestatis, to all persons of condition inhabitants of these countries, to be qualified thereunto by their High Mightinesses, as Lords and Patroons of Xew Netherland, for the purpose of planting Colonies and intro- ducing cattle there, all for the advancement of the Incorpo- rated West India Company, and for the benefit of the inhal^i- tants of these countries. Persons admissible thereunto by their High ^Mightinesses, being inclined to plant Colonies in Xew Netherland, shall be permitted to send thither, by all of the West India Com- pany's ships and yachts going thither, three or four persons, to examine the state of things there, on condition of paying for board and passage out and home six stuyvers a day, and those wishing to eat in the cabin, twelve stuyvers. IL And in case of offensive or defensive operations, they must lend asistance the same as others; and if any of the enemy's ships be captured, they shall also receive their share, pro rata, according to each person's quality: to wit, those not eating in the cabin the same as seamen and those who board (13) in the cabin, a share ccjual to that of the su]:)crior officers, calculated one with another. IV. And for Lords and Patroons of New Netherland shall be acknowledged those who will, within six years from this time < exclusive of the year of admission) undertake to plant in Xew Xctherland a Colonic of forty-eight souls, on -^^ain, in case of palpable neglect, of being deprived, at their High Mightinesses' discretion, of their accjuired Freedoms, Privi- leges and I^xemptions. ,V. lUit every one is notified that the Company reserves unto itself the Island of ]\Ianhattes, Fort, Orange, with the lands and islands appertaining thereunto, Staten Lsland, the land of Achassemes, Arasick and Hobokina, together \vith the Col- onie of Swanendale. MIL And Patroons of Xew Xetherland may, by Deputy, at the ])laces where they will plant their Colonies, extend their limits six miles along the sea coast or on both sides of a na\igable ri\'er. and so dee]) landward in, as the Lords and I'atroons shall demand, without any one approaching within seven or eight miles of them, against their will. IX. And the first occupants shall not be prejudiced in their acfjuired right, but f()re\'er preserve the command over such ba\s. rivers and islands, as the\ shall ha\e settled. X. And in propriety forever and always possess all the land situate within the Patroons' limits, together with all the fruits, superficies, minerals, rivers and fountains thereof, for them, their heirs or assigns, with high, middle and low juris- diction, tenths, fishing-, fowling, wind and [water] mills and all other privileges, preeminences and rights, to be holden as free, allodial and patrimonial propertv. XL And should the Patroons come to prosper in their Colo- nies, so far as to be able to found one or more towns or cities, they shall have authority to appoint officers and mag- istrates therein: enact laws and police, and make use of the titles and arms of their Colonies, according to their will and pleasure. XII. The Patroons shah have the privilege of using for their own l:)enefit, all adjoining lands, rivers and forests, until they shall be taken up by other Patroons. XIII. The Patroons shall provisionally furnish proper instruc- tions to their Colonies, in order that they be ruled and ap- pointed, both in police and justice, comforma1)ly to the mode of government observed here. XIV. And they are empowered to send in the Company's ships,, all their people and property bound thither, on paying for board as is hereinbefore stated in Article P; for freight of the merchandise, 5 per 100 cash on what the said goods have cost in this country; not including herein, however cattle and agricultural implements, which the Company shall convev over for nothing; wherefore thev shall reserve the i6 fourth i)art of all ships and yachts which will sail thither; but the Patroons shall appropriate such vacant places for their fodder, they providing everything necessary for the maintenance of the cattle. XVIL The Patroons of New Xetherland shall have the privilege of sailing and trading along the whole coast, from Florida unto Newfoundland, and to all the Wild islands of the West Indies. XVIII. The Patroons shall likewise be at liberty, everywhere around the coast of New Netherland and the places adjacent thereunto, to trade their acquired goods for all sorts of wares and merchandises to be there, without any exception. XIX. On arrival of such wares here in the ships of the West India Company, there shall be paid for the freight of each merchantable skin, whether otter or beaver, one guilder; and on all bulky articles, sutch as pitch, tar, ashes, timber, grain, fish, salt, rosin or such like, ten guilders per last (esti- mated at 4000 lbs.), on condition that the Company's sea- men shall be obliged to wheel and bring the salt on ship board; with this understanding, that the Patroons' own ships shall be always preferred, and on coming to this country, shall enjoy all such benefits and Freedoms, as are granted to the Company. XX. All wares not enumerated in the preceding article, and not being bulky articles (last waeren) shall pay for freight I guilder per hundred weight, and wines, brandies, vinegars, verjuice, 10 guilders per barrel. 17 XXI. Their High Mightinesses promise the Patroons not to impose on their Colonies, any Custom, Toll, Excise, Impost or other tax. Init allow them to enjoy such Freedoms and Exemptions as are granted, or shall hereafter be granted by Charter to the Company. XXII. No person shall be at liberty to take from the service of the Patroons any of their Colonists, whether man, woman, son, daughter, maid-servant, or man-servant, even though solicited l)y the Colonists themselves to receive them (except by written consent of their Patroons), during the term of years for which they are bound to their Patroons: after the expiration of which time, the Patroons shall be at liberty to send back to this country the Colonists who leave their ser- vice, and then first discharge them; and if any Colonist run aw^ay to another Patroon, or resume his freedom contrary to his contract, other Patroons of New Netherland shall be bound, and do promise their High Mightinesses, to cause him, as far as lies in his power, to be surrendered unto the hands of his Patroon or his Commissary, in order that pro- ceedings may be instituted against such Colonist, according to circumstances. XXIII. The Patroons discovering shores, bays or places adapted to Fishing, or the manufacture of Salt, may take possession of them, and have them worked in perfect property, to the exclusion of all others. XXIV. They shall be privileged, also, to send their ships every where to fish, and so to go, with what has been caught, to all neutrals and friends of this State. i8 XXV. And if anv Colonist l)clonging to a Patroon hap])en to dis- cover riiinerals, precious stones, crystals, marble pearl fish- erv or such like, tliey shall remain the Patroon's property, provided he allow such discoverer, as a premium therefore, so much as the Patroon shall have stipulated for that pur- l)ose. XX\'L Their High "Mightinesses, together with the Incorporated West India Company, prcMuise to assist the Patroons' Colo- nists against all foreign and domestic wars and violence, with whatever force they have in, and shall bring- to. X^ew Netherland. XXA'II. The Patroons of Xew Xetherland, shall be l)Ound to pur- chase from the Lords Sachems in Xew Xetherland, the soil where they propose to plant their Colonies, and shall ac- (|uire such right thereunto as they will agree for with the -aid vSachems. XXVIIT. The Patroons also, ])articularly exert themselves to find -])eedy means to maintain a Clergyman and Schoolmaster, in order that Divine Service and zeal for religion mav be planted in that country; and send, at first, a Comforter of the sick thither. XXIX. The respective Patroons shall be privileged to keep an agent at the Island Manhattes, who shall attend as a member of Council there, and have seat and vote at all the meetings and (lelil)eralions, in order thereby to be able to promote tile necessary i)rotection of the Colonies. XXX. Their High Mightinesses shall exert themselves to pro- vide the Patroons with ])ersons bound to service, who shall 19 be obliged to serve out their bonndeii time, in all obedience, for their board and clothing only, which being done, on bringing to this country a certificate thereof from the Pa- troons of their Commissaries, such persons shall be here re- stored to their former state and freedom. XXXI. In Hke manner, the Incorporated West India Company shall allot to each Patroon twelve Black men and women out of the prizes in which Negroes shall be found, for the advancement of the Colonies in New Netherland. XXXII. The Incorporated West India Company undertakes to maintain the fort and stronghold on the Island of Manhattan, in good defence and garrison, and to allow the Patroons to enjoy peaceably and quietly these Exemptions, Privileges and Freedoms. XXXIII. All private and poor people (onvermogen personen) are excluded from these Exemptions, Privileges and Freedoms, and are not allowed to purchase any lands or grounds from the Sachems or Indians in New Netherland, but must re- pair under the jurisdiction of the respective Lords Patroons. Thus and enacted. ANNOUNCET-^ENT OF SERIES, No. J.— Inducements and Charter from States General of Holland to Settlers on the Hudson. No. 2.— The West Jersey Constitution of J677. No. 3.— Penn^s Frame of Government of J 682 and Privileges and Con- cessions 6f J70I. No. 4.— Gabriel Thomas* Description of Pennsylvania and "West Jersey. No. 5.— The Letters of a Farmer, or John Dickinson's arguments against English Taxation. No. 6.— Conrad "Reiser's Notes on the Habits and Customs of the Iroquois and Delaware Indians, prepared for CJiristoph Saur and pub- lished from J746-J749. No. 7,~"WiIIiaffl Penn's Letter to the Free Society of Trader^ J683. No. 8»— The Ordinance o! J787, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 114 144 2 # . .. ^898 CHRISTOPHER SOWER COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA, THE OLDEST PUBLISHING HOUSE IN AIVIERICA PUBLISHERS OF THE STANDARD VERTICAL WRITING. The newest sind most simple and practical system of Vertical "Writing, accept ing and improving the good points and avoiding the mistakes of other series BROOKS'S NORMAL MATHEMATICAL SERIES. Arithmetics in several series, algebras, geometries, and trrigonometries. Al written by Db. Edward Brooks, Superintendent of Philadelphia Publi* Schools, and all famous. TVESTLAKE'S COMMON-SCHOOL LITERATURE. Revised Edition. A complete manual of English and American Literature from Chaucer to Rudyard Kipling, and from Cotton Mather to Mark Twain, Of handy size and convenient arrangement. Inspiring on every page. WESTLAKE'S HOW TO WRITE LETTERS. is a book of thorough instruction in letter-writing. It begins with such prac- tical matters as selection of paper and ink, and passes through all details of addresses, headings, punctuation, form, etc., and includes the elaborate eti- quette of social and State correspondence. LYTE'S PRACTICAL BOOKKEEPING AND BLANKS. E. Oram Lyte, A. M., Ph. D., Principal of the Millersville (Pa.) State Normal School, has embodied in this handy book a complete common-sense system of single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping— clear, definite, and applicable to every business need. MAGILL'S READING FRENCH SERIES. By Edward H. Maoill, A. M., LL. D., of Swarthmore College. A grammar and a series of choice, complete, modern French stories by Francisque Sarcey, Madame De Witt (nee Guizot), Anatole France, and Jules Claretie, authorized and judiciously annotated. These books give rapidly a good reading knowl- edge of French, WELSH'S ENGLISH GRAMMARS comprising " Fir.st Lessons in English Grammar and Composition " and " Prac- tical English Grammar." Books which strike the happy mean between the much-abused "language lessons" and formal, technical grammar. They are written by Judson Pkbry Welsh, Ph. D., Principal of Bloomsburg (Pa.) State Normal School. BEITZEL'S PRIMARY WORD-BUILDER AND AD- VANCED ^VORD-BUILDUR. Two consecutive, systematic, logical spelling books, bound in cloth and illus- trated. Although recently published, these books have had a remarkable sale, because they produce results. nontgomery's Industrial Drawlns:, Fewsmith's Qrammars, Lloyd's Literature for Little Folks, Lyte's School Song Books, Peterson's Familiar Science, Griffin's Natural Philosophy, Sheppard's Book of the United States Constitution, Etc., Etc. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 114 144 2 # ...J898 CHRISTOPHER SOWER COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA, THE OLDEST PUBLISHING HOUSE IN AM£RICA PUBLISHERS OF THE STANDARD VERTICAL WRITING. The newest and moft simple and practical system ofVertical Writing, accept ing and Improving the good points and avoiding the mistakes of other series BROOKS'S NORMAL MATHEMATICAL SERIES. Arithmetics in several series, algebras, geometries, and trrigonometries. Al written by Db. Edwakd Brooks, Superintendent of Philadelphia Publi« Schools, and all famous. WESTLAKB'S COMMON-SCHOOL LITERATURE. Revised Edition. A complete manual of English and American Literature from Chaucer to Rudyard Kipling, and from Cotton Mather to Mark Twain. Of handy size and convenient arrangement. Inspiring on every page. ■WESTLAKE'S HOW TO WRITE LETTERS. is a book of thorough instruction in letter-writing. It begins with such prac- tical matters as selection of paper and ink, and passes thx-ough all details of addresses, headings, punctuation, form, etc., and includes the elaborate eti- quette of social and State correspondence. LYTE'S PRACTICAL BOOKKEEPING AND BLANKS. E. Oram Lytk, A. M., Ph. D., Principal of the Millersville (Pa.) State Normal School, has embodied in this handy book a complete common-sense system of single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping— clear, definite, and applicable to every business need. MAGILL'S READING FRENCH SERIES. By Edward H. Maoill, A. M., LL. D., of Swarthmore College. A grammar and a series of choice, complete, modern French stories by Francisque Saroey, Madame De Witt (nee Guizot), Anatole France, and Jules Claretie, authorized and judiciously annotated. These books give rapidly a good reading knowl- edge of French. WELSH'S ENGLISH GRAMMARS * comprising " First Lessons in English Grammar and Composition " and " Prao-j tical English Grammar." Books which strike the happy mean between the ' much-abused "language lessons" and formal, techriical grammar. They are written by Judson Pkrry Welsh, Ph. D., Principal of Bloomsburg (Pa.) State Normal School. BEITZEL'S PRIMARY WORD-BUILDER AND AD- VANCED WORD-BUILDUR. Two consecutive, systematic, logical spelling books, bound in cloth and illus- trated. Although recently published, these books have had a remarkable sale, because they produce results. riontgomery's Industrial Drawing, Fewsmith's Qrammars, Lloyd's Literature for Little Folks, Lyte's School Song Book5, Peterson's Familiar Science, Griffin's Natural Philosophy, Sheppard's Book of the United States Constitution, Etc., Etc.