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HISTORY 
 
 M 
 
 X 
 
 mm ^^ MBRCBR COITIB 
 
 MISSOURI 
 
 From the Earliest Time to the Present; 
 
 TOGBTHHR WITH 
 
 Sundry Personal, Eusiness and Protesslonal SJ^etclies 
 
 AND FAMILY RECORDS, 
 
 Bbsides a Condensed History of the State 
 OF Missouri, Etc. 
 
 HjHitTSTE-A-TEX). 
 
 ^t- 
 
 st. louis and chicago: 
 Thb Goodsfebd Publishing Co. 
 
CHICAGO. 
 JOHN MORRIS COMPANY, PRINTERS. 
 
 
 cii^-lO^^^'^ 
 
 
rr 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 This volume has been prepared in response to the prevailing and 
 popular demand for the preservation of local history and biography. 
 The method of preparation followed is the most successful and the 
 most satisfactory yet devised — the most successful in the enormous 
 number of volumes circulated, and the most satisfactory in the general 
 preservation of personal biography and family record conjointly with 
 local history. The number of volumes now being distributed seems 
 fabulous. Careful estimates place the number circulated in Ohio at 
 50,000 volumes; Pennsylvania, 60,000; New York, 75,000; Indiana 
 40,000; Illinois, 40,000; Iowa, 35,000; Missouri, 25,000; Minnesota, 
 15,000; Nebraska, 15,000, and all the other States at the same pro- 
 portionate rate. The southern half of Missoui'i has as yet scarcely 
 been touched by the historian, but is now being rapidly written. 
 
 The design of the present extensive historical and biographical 
 research is more to gather and preserve in attractive form, while fresh 
 with the evidence of truth, the enormous fund of perishing occiUTence, 
 than to abstract from insufficient contemporaneous data remote, doubt- 
 ful or incorrect conclusions. The true perspective of the landscape of 
 life can only be seen from the distance that lends enchantment to the 
 view. It is asserted that no person is competent to write a philo- 
 sophical history of his own time; that, owing to imperfect and 
 conflicting circumstantial evidence, that yet conceals instead of reveals 
 the truth, he cannot take that correct, unprejudiced, logical, luminous 
 and comprehensive view of passing events that will enable him to 
 di-aw accurate and enduring conclusions. The duty, then, of a histo- 
 rian of his own time is to collect, classify and preserve the material 
 for the final historian of the future. The present historian deals in 
 fact; the future historian in conclusion. The work of the former is 
 statistical ; of the latter, philosophical. 
 
 To him who has not attempted the collection of historical data, 
 the obstacles to be surmounted are unknown. Doubtful traditions, 
 conflicting statements, imperfect records, inaccurate public and private 
 coiTespondence, the bias or untruthfulness of informers, and the gen- 
 eral obscurity which, more or less, envelops all passing events, com- 
 bine to bewilder and mislead. The publishers of this volume, fully 
 aware of their inability to furnish a perfect history, an accomplishment 
 vouchsafed to the imagination only of the dreamer or the theorist, 
 make no pretension of having prepared a work devoid of blemish. 
 They feel assui-ed that all thoughtful people, at present and in future, 
 will recognize and appreciate the importance of their undertaking, 
 and the great public benefit that has been accomplished. 
 
 QO 
 
IT 
 
 PEEFACE. 
 
 To the county officials of both Harrison and Mercer Counties and 
 the J d putles, t^ .vhom the publishers are indebted for nmform cu- 
 tesy and material aid in research, ^e offer expressions of gratitude 
 to the gentlemen of the press, our hearty thanks for the ^^^^^^]^'^l 
 their endorsement: to the clerks or secretaries of varM^us educations , 
 itera^ secret, benevolent, military and municipal ^-^^-p-}^jf^'^,' 
 acknow edcmekts, and to all the people, to whose cordial and mtel^ 
 Ugent co-operation the success of th^s work is due- -^ J^f^^f' *^«^ 
 hSpe and belief that the history of their county will prove authentic 
 and be acceptable. Much valuable information has been gathered 
 from Hon ff J. Heaston, to whom, among others, the publishers feel 
 specially indebted. With the assurance that our promises have been 
 more than fulfilled, we tender this fine volume to oui- patrons. 
 
 THE PUBLISHERS. 
 
 rEBBUAEY, 1888. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART I.— HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Attitude of Missouri before the War 94 
 
 ArticIeXV 147 
 
 Amendments to the State Constitution 149 
 
 Attorney Generals 164 
 
 Auditors of Public Accounts 165 
 
 Boone's Lick (."ouulry 61 
 
 Black Hawk War 67 
 
 Beginning of Civil War 92 
 
 Boonville 113 
 
 Belmont 126 
 
 Battle of Pea Ridge 127 
 
 Battle of Kirksville 130 
 
 Battle at Independence 131 
 
 Battles of Lone Jack and Newtonia 132 
 
 Battle of Cane Hill 133 
 
 Battles of Springfield, Hartsville and Cape 
 
 Girardeau 133 
 
 Battles in Missouri, List of. 142 
 
 Baptist Church 159 
 
 Clay Compromise, The 65 
 
 Constitutional Convention of 1845 74 
 
 Campaign of 1861 113 
 
 Carthage. 115 
 
 Capture of Lexington , 123 
 
 Campaign of 1862 127 
 
 Compton's Ferry 131 
 
 Campaign of 1863 133 
 
 Campaign of 1864 137 
 
 Centralia Massacre 140 
 
 Churches 159 
 
 Christian Church 159 
 
 Congregational Church 160 
 
 Conclusion 197 
 
 Dred t^cott Decision, The 87 
 
 Death of Bill Anderson 141 
 
 Drake Constitution, The 143 
 
 Divisions in the Republican Party 147 
 
 Dates of Organization of Counties with 
 
 Origin of ^ames. etc 181 
 
 Early Discoveries and Explorers 44 
 
 Early Settlements „ 47 
 
 Earthquakes at New Madrid 58 
 
 Enterprise and Advancement 62 
 
 Events Preceding the Civil War 89 
 
 Efforts toward Conciliation 104 
 
 Emancipation Proclamation and XHIth 
 
 Amendment Ill 
 
 Execution of Rebel Prisoners 132 
 
 Election of I8S4, The 156 
 
 Early Courts, The 157 
 
 Episcopal Church 160 
 
 French and Indian War 48 
 
 Founding of St. Louis, The 49 
 
 From 1785 to 1800 65 
 
 First General Assembly 66 
 
 Fremont in the Field 125 
 
 Friends' Church 160 
 
 Fire at St. Louis, The Great 79 
 
 Geology 12 
 
 Gov. Jackson and the Missouri Legislature 97 
 
 Gov. Crittenden's AdmiDistration 151 
 
 Governors 163 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Contro- 
 versies 152 
 
 Indian and Other Races 42 
 
 Israelite Church 160 
 
 Jackson Resolutions, The 80 
 
 Judges of Supreme Court 165 
 
 La Salle 46 
 
 Louisiana. District and Territory of 56 
 
 Louisiana Purchased by the United Slates.. 55 
 
 Lewis and Clark's Expedition 57 
 
 Lutheran Church 161 
 
 Lieutenant-Governors '. 164 
 
 Minerals and Mineral Springs 23-38 
 
 Manufacturing 39 
 
 Marquette 45 
 
 Missouri a Territory 69 
 
 Mormons and Mormon War, The 71 
 
 Mexican War, The 75 
 
 ^lartial Law Declared 123 
 
 Murders at Gun City 149 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church 161 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church South 162 
 
 Missouri's Delegation in the Confederate 
 
 Congress 168 
 
 Organization of Kansas and Nebraska 82 
 
 Operations against Guerrillas 129 
 
 Order No. 11 134 
 
 Officers Previous to State Organization 162 
 
 Officers of State Government 163 
 
 Pontiac, Death of 51 
 
 Public and Private Schools 157 
 
 Presidential Elections 169 
 
 Proclamation by Gov. Jackson 105 
 
 Resources 11 
 
 Rock Formation 15 
 
 Railroads 40 
 
 Revision of the State Constitution 150 
 
 Representatives to Congress 166 
 
 Rebel Governors 169 
 
 Soils, Clays, etc 13 
 
 State Organization 63 
 
 State Convention 64 
 
 Seminole War 68 
 
 Secession 90 
 
 Surrender of Camp Jackson 98 
 
 Slate Convention, The 109 
 
 Springfield , 125 
 
 Shelby's Raid 137 
 
 State Constitutional Convention 143 
 
 Secretaries of State 164 
 
 State Treasurers 164 
 
 Salaries of State Officers 181 
 
 I'niteri States Senators 166 
 
 Votes by Counties at Presidential Elections 
 
 from IS36 to 1884 171-181 
 
 Wealth 41 
 
 War of the Revolution, The 52 
 
 War with Great Britain in 1812 60 
 
 Western Department, The 117 
 
 Wilson Creek 118 
 
 Year of the Great Waters 54 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PART II.— HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Andover ||2 
 
 Akron ^'r 
 
 Bloody Deed of an Insane Man 285 
 
 Bethany Schools 319 
 
 Bethany, History of 339 
 
 Bethany's Growth and Development 349 
 
 Blytbedale 376 
 
 Blue Ridge 380 
 
 Brooklyn °1" 
 
 Bolton 383 
 
 Bridgeport ^»J 
 
 Cereals of Harrison County 20C 
 
 County Organization 233 
 
 County Court and Proceedings, The 234 
 
 County Seat and Public Buildings 239 
 
 Census and Statistics 250 
 
 Courts and Bench and Bar 25o 
 
 Crimes and Casualties 283 
 
 Churches of Bethany p99 
 
 Churches of Cainesville 305 
 
 Churches of Eagleville and Vicinity 308 
 
 Churches of Rid^eway 311 
 
 Churches of Blytbedale 312 
 
 Churches of Mount Moriah 313 
 
 Churches of New Hampton 313 
 
 County Schools 317 
 
 Cainesville Schools o-^ 
 
 Civil War, Preparation for 326 
 
 Cities and Towns 838 
 
 Cainesville, History of 357 
 
 Early Settlement 209 
 
 Early Mills 215 
 
 Early and Subsequent Boundaries 233 
 
 Early Records 248 
 
 Elliott Fratricide, The 284 
 
 Educational 315 
 
 Enrolled Missouri Militia 337 
 
 EagleviUe 366 
 
 First Settlers 209 
 
 First County Court Officials 238 
 
 Fatal Accidents 297 
 
 Gardner 38- 
 
 Hallock Murder, The 289 
 
 Incidents of Early Days 217 
 
 Indian Trading 220 
 
 Infantry and Cavalry Regiments 333-337 
 
 Jacksonville 382 
 
 Killvan War, The 223 and 323 
 
 Killing of Charles Burger 284 
 
 Killing of John Garrison 285 
 
 Killing of McCullum 285 
 
 Killing of Isaac Moore ^te* ^^^ 
 
 Killing of Jacob Fanster ■'•^P- ^*'' 
 
 Liind Opened for Entry 4>- --' 
 
 Lorraine 378 
 
 Mormon War, The 227 and 325 
 
 Mysterious Death of a Young Lady 287 
 
 Murder of Albert Hines 288 
 
 Military History 322 
 
 " Merrill's Horse" 332 
 
 Mount Moriah 370 
 
 Martinsville 377 
 
 Mitchellville 383 
 
 New Hampton ■■- 381 
 
 Official Directory 2.'>2 
 
 Physical Features 203 
 
 Prairie 205 
 
 Paupers - 248 
 
 Press, Elections and Railroads 272 
 
 Pleasant Ridge 383 
 
 Relocation of County Seat Considered 263 
 
 Religious History 299 
 
 Ridgeway 373 
 
 Streams ^^* 
 
 Stone, Coal and Mineral Water 206 
 
 Settlements, Where Made 215 
 
 Stabbing of Jacob Mitchell 284 
 
 Sundry (?rimes 286 
 
 Suicides ■ 295 
 
 Sundry Churches 309 and 315 
 
 Topography 203 
 
 Timber ^"3 
 
 "The.Firsts" " 232 
 
 Townships Created 244 
 
 Township Organization 247 
 
 Twenty-third' Regiment 330 
 
 Volunteer Troops for Civil War 328 
 
 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Agricultural Association 438 
 
 Boundary, Topography and Soil 386 
 
 Bench and Bar j21 
 
 Baptist Churches 469 
 
 County Formation and Organization 401 
 
 County Buildings *11 
 
 County Officials 411 
 
 County Court, The *13 
 
 Court Proceedings 414 
 
 Clyde Case, The 41' 
 
 Chipps Homicide, The 420 
 
 Christian Churches 468 
 
 Catholic Churches 469 
 
 Era of Settlement 387 
 
 Early Settlements, Circumstance of. 388 
 
 Electious, Early and Recent 405 
 
 Early Indictments for Crimes 416 
 
 Educational History 469 
 
 Early Schools of Mercer County 4il 
 
 First Settlements, The 395 
 
 Financial Affairs of the County 408 
 
 Goshen 446 
 
 Heatherly War, The -iSs 
 
 Halleck Case, The 418 
 
 Homicide of Graves 420 
 
 Half Rock 445 
 
 Indians, The 394 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Indictment against Beniamin Smothers 414 
 
 Infantry and Cavalry Regiments 448 
 
 Killing of Frank Cox 418 
 
 Killing of Davis 420 
 
 Mullinax Case, The 41» 
 
 Mercer County Medical Society 438 
 
 Modena or Madisonville 4*4 
 
 Mill Grove *** 
 
 Middlebury 445 
 
 Mercer County before the War 447 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church 46.J 
 
 Organization •■■.■ 401 
 
 f)rganization of School Townships 472 
 
 Physical Features ™5 
 
 Population and Nativity • 401 
 
 Princeton, Origin and Early Development of 4i3 
 
 Princeton, Subsequent History of 423 
 
 Princeton's Present Business Interests 425 
 
 Protestant Methodist Churches 464 
 
 Pauper Schools 469 
 
 l'i6sourccs ....■...........•........•••■■■•-•••■■" "O*^ 
 
 Railroad Bonds and Stock 408 
 
 RaiuesCase, The 419 
 
 R.avanna, History of 440 
 
 Religious History 45J 
 
 State Boundary tjuestion .■■.■■ 404 
 
 Sketch of Military Organizations in County 448 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 VII 
 
 PAQE. 
 
 School Statistics * 473 
 
 Schools of PrincetOD 474 
 
 Timber, Agricultural Products, etc 386 
 
 Township Settlements 397 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Township Formation and Organization 403 
 
 Towns of the County 423 
 
 The Great Rebellion 447 
 
 United Brethren Church 468 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 '"'"""f """•""""' 
 
 ^ POETKAITS. 
 
 Gen. B.M. Prentiss 249 
 
 Hon. W.P. Robinson 313 
 
 Hon. D. J. Heaston 377 
 
 D.S. AlTord 479 
 
 Joseph Webb 644 
 
PART I. 
 
 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
History of Missouri, 
 
 INTRODUCTOEY. 
 
 MISSOURI, the eighth State of the Union in size, the 
 seventh in wealth, and the fifth in population and politi- 
 cal power, lies in the very heart of the Mississippi Valley. Extend- 
 ing from the thirty-sixth nearly to the forty-first degree of north 
 latitude, it has considerable diversity both of soil and climate. 
 
 Its eastern limit is marked from north to south by the great 
 " Father of Waters," and the Missouri washes its western bound- 
 ary, from the northwest corner southward about 250 miles to the 
 mouth of the Kansas, and thence flows south of east through the 
 heart of the State, and joins its muddy torreft^ with the waters of 
 the Mississippi. 
 
 These two mighty rivers have many tributaries which are, 
 to a greater or less extent, navigable for steamboats, keelboats 
 and barges. 
 
 The extreme length of the State is 328 miles; the extreme 
 breadth, in the southern part, is 280 miles; and the average 
 breadth 250 miles. Missouri has an area of 65,350 square 
 miles, or 41,82-i,000 acres. It has 18,350 more square miles 
 than the State of New York, is nearly nine times the size of 
 Massachusetts, and exceeds in extent all of the New England 
 States combined. 
 
 There is no State in the Union which surpasses Missouri in 
 respect to geographical situation and natural resources. Other 
 
 Note.— In the compilation of the State History the authors consulted, an^ong others, the 
 followiug authorities: "State Geological Reports;" "Charlevoix's Journal of a Voyage to North 
 America in 1721;*' Stoddard's ''Historical Sketches of Louisiana;" Schoolcraft's " Narrative Jour- 
 nal;" Breckenridge; Pike's "Expedition;" .Switzler's "History of Missouri;" Bradbury's "Trav- 
 els;" " Lillimau'a JoutbhI;" " American Cyclopedia;" Beck's '■ Gazetteer of Indiana and "Missouri," 
 1823; Wetmore's " Gazetteer of Missouri," 18.^7; Shehaid's "Early History of St. I.ouis and Mis- 
 souri;" Parker's " Missouri As It Is in 18G7;" Davis & Durrie's " History of Missouri," 1876. 
 
12 HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 regions may boast of delightful climate, rich and productive soil, 
 abundant timber, or inexhaustible mineral deposits, but Mis- 
 souri has all of these. She has more and better iron than England 
 and quite as much coal, while her lead deposits are rivaled by 
 that of no other country of equal area upon the globe. 
 
 The population of the State, according to the census of 1880, 
 was 2,168,380, showing an increase of 25.9 per cent within the 
 preceding decade. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 The stratified rocks of Missouri may be classified as follows, 
 enumerating them from the surface downward: 
 
 /. Quaternary or Post Tertiary. — Alluvium, 30 feet thick. 
 Soils — Pebbles and sand, clays, vegetable mold or humus, bog 
 iron ore, calcareous tufa, stalactites and stalagmites, marls; bot- 
 tom prairie, 35 feet thick; bluff, 200 feet thick; drift. 155 feet 
 thick. 
 
 II. Tertiary. — Clays, shales, iron ores, sandstone, fine and 
 coarse sands. 
 
 ///. Cretaceous. — No. 1, 13 feet, argillaceous variegated 
 sandstone; No. 2^20 feet, soft bluish brown sandy slate, con- 
 taining quantiti^of iron pyrites; No. 3, 25 feet, whitish brown 
 impure sandstone, banded with purple and pink; No. 4, 45 feet, 
 slate, like No. 2; No. 5, 45 feet, fine white siliceous clay, inter- 
 stratified with white flint, more or less spotted and banded with 
 pink and purple ; No. 6, 10 feet, purple red and blue clays. En- 
 tire thickness, 158 feet. 
 
 IV. Carboniferous. — Upper carboniferous or coal measures, 
 sandstone, limestone, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores, coals. 
 Lower carboniferous or mountain limestone, upper Archimedes 
 limestone, 200 feet; ferruginous sandstone, 195 feet; middle Ar- 
 chimedes limestone, 50 feet; St. Louis limestone, 250 feet; 
 oolitic limestone, 25 feet; lower Archimedes limestone, 350 feet; 
 encrinital limestone, 500 feet. 
 
 V. Devonian. — Chemung group: Chouteau limestone, 85 
 feet; vermicular sandstone, 75 feet; lithographic limestone, 12.5 
 feet. Hamilton group: Blue shales, 40 feet; semi-crystalline 
 limestone, 107 feet; Onondaga limestone, Oriskany sandstone. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 13 
 
 VI. Silurian. — Upper silurian: Lower Helderberg, 350 
 feet; Niagara group, 200 feet; Cape Girardeau limestone, 60 
 feet. Lower silurian: Hudson Eiver group, 220 feet; Trenton 
 limestone, 350 feet; Black River and Birdseye limestone, 75 
 feet; first magnesian limestone, 200 feet; saccharoidal sandstone, 
 125 feet; second magnesian limestone, 230 feet; second sand- 
 stone, 115 feet; third magnesian limestone, 350 feet; third sand- 
 stone, 60 feet; fourth magnesian limestone, 300 feet. 
 
 VII. Azoic Eocks. 
 
 The Quaternary rocks, the most recent of all the formations, 
 contain the entire geological record of all the cycles from the end 
 of the Tertiary period to the present time; and their economical 
 value is also greater than that of all the other formations com- 
 bined. This system comprises the drift and all the deposits 
 above it. There are, within the system, four distinct and strongly 
 defined formations in the State, namely; Alluvium, bottom 
 prairie, bluff and drift. 
 
 SOILS. 
 
 Soils are a compound of pulverized and decomposed mineral 
 substances, mingled with decayed vegetable and animal re- 
 mains, and containing all the ingredients necessary to the sus- 
 tenance of the vegetable kingdom. The soils of Missouri have 
 been produced by the mixing of organic matter with the pulver- 
 ized marls, clays and sands of the Quaternary deposits which 
 are found in great abundance in nearly all parts of the State, 
 and are of material best designed for their rapid formation. For 
 this cause the soils of the State are marvelously deep and pro- 
 ductive, except in a few localities where the materials of the Qua- 
 ternary sti'ata are very coarse, or entirely wanting. 
 
 CLAYS. 
 
 Clays are dark, bluish-gray strata, more or less mixed with 
 particles of flint, limestone and decomposed organic matter. 
 When the floods of the Mississippi and the Missouri subside, 
 lagoons, sloughs and lakes are left full of turbid water. The 
 coarser substances soon subside into a stratum of sand, but the 
 finer particles settle more slowly and form the silico-calcareous 
 
14 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 cluys of the alluvial bottom. Thus, after each flood, strata of 
 sand and clay are deposited, until the lakes and lagoons are 
 filled up. 
 
 Then a stratum of humus, or decayed vegetable matter, is 
 formed by the decomposition of the annual growth and of the 
 foreign matter which falls into the water, and every succeeding 
 crop of vegetation adds another such stratum. Thus are rapidly 
 formed thick beds of vegetable mold, yielding support to the 
 magnificent forest trees which grow upon the sites of those 
 ancient lakes and morasses. In this manner have been formed 
 the vast, alluvial plains bordering upon the Missouri and Missis- 
 sippi Eivers, which comprise about 4,000,000 acres of land, based 
 upon these strata of sand, clays, marls and humus. The soil 
 formed upon these alluvial beds is deep, rich and light almost 
 beyond comparison, and is constantly increasing by the filling up 
 of lakes and sloughs as above described. 
 
 THE BLUFF OB LOESS. 
 
 This occurs in the Missouri bluffs forming a belt of several 
 miles in width, extending from the mouth of the Missouri to the 
 northwest corner of the State, where it is found just beneath the 
 soil, and also in the bluffs of the Mississippi fi-om Dubuque to 
 the mouth of the Ohio. Thus while the bottom prairie occupies 
 a higher geological horizon, the bluff is usually several hundred 
 feet above it topographically. The latter is generally a finely 
 comminuted, siliceous marl, of a light, brown color, and often 
 weathers into perpendicular escarpments. Concretions of lime- 
 stone are often found, and to the marly character of these clays 
 may be ascribed the richness of the overlying soil. It is to this 
 formation that the Central Mississippi and Southern Missouri 
 valleys owe their superiority in agriculture. Where it is best 
 developed in Western Missouri the soil is equal to any in the 
 country. 
 
 DRIFT. 
 
 This formation exists throughout Northern Missouri. The 
 upper members consist of stiff, tenacious, brown, drab and blue 
 clays, often mottled and sometimes containing rounded pebbles, 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 15 
 
 chiefly of granite rocks. The lower division includes beds of 
 dark blue clay, often hardening on exposure, frequently overlaid 
 and sometimes interstratified with beds and pockets of sand, 
 sometimes inclosing leaves and remains of trees. Good springs 
 originate in these sand beds, and when they are ferruginous the 
 springs are chalybeate. 
 
 TEBTIAET SYSTEM. 
 
 There is a formation made up of clays, shales, iron ores, 
 sandstone, and a variety of fine and coarse sand, extending along 
 the bluffs, and skirting the bottoms, from Commerce, in Scott 
 County, westward to Stoddard, and thence south to the Chalk 
 Bluffs in Arkansas. 
 
 The iron ore of these beds is very abundant, and exceedingly 
 valuable. The spathic ore has been found in no other locality 
 in Southeastern Missouri, so that the large quantity and excel- 
 lent quality of these beds will render them very valuable for the 
 various purposes to which this ore is peculiarly adapted. 
 
 The white sand of these beds is available for glass making, 
 and for the composition of mortars and cements. The clays are 
 well adapted to the manufacture of pottery and stoneware. 
 
 CRETACEOUS ROCKS. 
 
 These strata are very much disturbed, fractured, upheaved 
 and tilted, so as to form various faults and axes, anticlinal and 
 synclinal; while the. strata, above described as tertiary, are in 
 their natural position, and rest nonconformably upon these beds. 
 In these so called cretaceous rocks no fossils have been observed. 
 
 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. 
 
 This system presents two important divisions: The upper 
 carboniferous, or coal measures ; and the lower carboniferous or 
 mountain limestone. 
 
 The coal measures, as seen by the table, are composed of nu- 
 merous strata of sandstone, limestone, shales, clays, marls, spathic 
 iron ores and coals. Aboiit 2,000 feet of these coal measures have 
 been found to contain numerous beds of iron ore, and at least 
 eight or ten beds of good, workable coal. Investigation shows 
 
16 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 a greater downward thickness of the coal formation in Southwest 
 Missouri, including beds whose position is probably below those 
 of the northern part of the State. These rocks, with the accom- 
 panying beds of coal and iron, cover an area of more than 27,000 
 square miles in Missouri alone. 
 
 The geological map of the State shows that if a line were 
 roughly drawn from Clark County on the northeast to Jasper 
 County in the southwest, most of the counties northwest of this 
 line, together with Audrain, Howard and Boone, would be included 
 in the coal measure. There are also extensive coal beds in Cole, 
 Moniteau, St. Charles, St. Louis and Callaway Counties. 
 
 The Missouri coal basin is one of the largest in the world, 
 including besides the 27,000 square miles in Missouri, 10,000 in 
 Nebraska; .12,000 in Kansas ; 20,000 in Iowa, and 30,000 in Illi- 
 nois ; making a total of about 100,000 square miles. 
 
 The fossils of the coal measure are numerous, and distinct 
 from those of any other formation. This latter fact has led to 
 the discovery of the existence of coal measures and the coal beds 
 contained in them, over an area of many thousand miles, where 
 it had been supposed that no coal measures and no coal existed. 
 
 Of the lower carboniferous rocks, the upper Archimedes lime- 
 stone is developed in Ste. Genevieve County. 
 
 The ferruginous sandstone is generally found along the 
 eastern and southern limit of the coal fields, passing beneath the 
 coal formation on the west. It varies from a few feet to 100 feet 
 in thickness. In Callaway it occurs both as a pure white sand- 
 stone, a ferruginous sandstone, and a conglomerate. In Pettis 
 and Howai-d Counties we find it a coarse, whitish sandstone. In 
 Cedar, Dade and Lawrence a very ferruginous sandstone, often 
 containing valuable deposits of iron ore. In Newton County it 
 occurs in useful flaglike layers. 
 
 The St. Louis limestone, next in descending order, forms the 
 entire group of limestone at St. Louis, where it is well marked 
 and of greater thickness than seen elsewhere in this State. It is 
 more often fine grained, compact or sub-crystalline, sometimes 
 inclosing numerous chert concretions, and the beds are oftea 
 separated by thin, green shale beds. 
 
 Its stratigraphical position is between the ferruginous sand- 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 17 
 
 stone and the Archimedes limestone, as seen near the Des Moines, 
 and near the first tunnel on the Pacific Railroad. It is found 
 in Clark and Lewis Counties, but, as has been said, attains its 
 greatest development at St. Louis — hence its name. 
 
 The most characteristic fossils yet described are palcechinus 
 TnuUipora, lithostrotion canadense, Echinocrinus nerei, Poterio- 
 crinus longidactylus and Atrypa lingulata. 
 
 The lower Archimides limestone includes the "arenaceous 
 bed." the " Warsaw or second Archimedes limestone," the mag- 
 nesian limestone, the " Geode bed," the " Keokuk or lower Archim- 
 edes limestone" of Prof. Hall's section, and the lead-bearing 
 rocks of Southwestern Missouri; which last, though different 
 from any of the above beds, are more nearly allied to them than 
 to the encrinital limestone below. All of the above beds are 
 easily recognized in Missouri, except, perhaps, the Warsaw 
 limestone, which is but imperfectly represented in our north- 
 eastern counties, where the "Keokuk limestone," the "Geode 
 beds," and the magnesian limestone are well developed. 
 
 This formation extends from the northeastern part of the 
 State to the southwest, in an irregular belt, skirting the eastern 
 border of the ferruginous sandstone. The extensive and rich 
 lead deposits of Southwestern Missouri are partly in this forma- 
 tion, these mines occupying an area of more than one hundred 
 square miles, in Jasper, Newton, and the adjoining counties. 
 
 The upper beds of encrinital limestone are gray and cherty. 
 The top beds in St. Charles County include seventeen feet of 
 thin chert beds with alternate layers of red clay. The middle beds 
 are generally gray and coarse, the lower ones gray and brown with 
 some buff beds. 
 
 Crinoid stems are common in nearly all the beds, hence it has 
 been appropriately termed encrinital limestone. 
 
 The lower beds often abound in well preserved crinoidce. 
 This rock occurs at Burlington, Iowa, Quincy, 111., Hannibal and 
 Louisiana, Mo., and is well exposed in most of the counties on 
 the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, and from the western 
 part of St. Charles to Howard County. South of the Missouri 
 River and along its southwest outcrop it is not generally well 
 developed. 
 
18 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 In Green County it is quite cavernous. It has not been rec- 
 ognized east of Illinois, and is not separated from other carbon- 
 iferous stones of Tennessee. 
 
 DEVONIAN EOCKS. 
 
 The devonian rocks occupy a small area in Marion, Ralls, 
 Pike, Callaway, Saline and Ste. Genevieve Counties; also narrow 
 belts along the carboniferous strata to the south and west. 
 
 In the Chemung group, the Chouteau limestone, when fully 
 developed, is in two divisions. 
 
 Immediately under the encrinital limestone, at the top of the 
 formation, there are forty or fifty feet of brownish gray, earthy, 
 silico-magnesian limestone in thick beds, which contain scattered 
 masses of white or transparent calcareous spar. 
 
 The upper division of the Chouteau limestone passes down 
 into a fine, compact, blue or drab, thin-bedded limestone, whose 
 strata are considerably irregular and broken. In the northeast- 
 ern part of the State, the Chouteau limestone is represented only 
 by a few feet of coarse, earthy, crystalline, calcareous rock, like 
 the lower division of the encrinital limestone. 
 
 THE VEKMICULAR SANDSTONE AND SHALES. 
 
 The sandstones of this division are generally soft and calca- 
 reous. They are easily recognized, being ramified by irregular 
 windings throughout, resembling the borings of worms. This 
 formation attains a thickness of seventy five feet near Louisiana 
 in Pike County. It is seen in Ralls, Pike, Lincoln, Cedar and 
 Greene. 
 
 The lithographic limestone is a fine grained, compact lime- 
 stone, breaking with a free conchoidal fracture into sharp, angu- 
 lar fragments. Its color varies from a light drab to the lighter 
 shades of buff and blue. It gives out, when struck with the ham- 
 mer, a sharp, ringing sound, and is therefore called "pot metal" 
 in some parts of the State. It is regularly stratified in beds 
 varying from two to sixteen inches in thickness, and often pre- 
 sents, as in the mural bluffs at Louisiana on the Mississippi, all 
 the regularity of masonry. 
 
 Where elsewhere seen, it somewhat resembles the upper beds 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 19 
 
 of the group. At Taborville, St. Clair County, it is of a salmon 
 drab color, occurring in thick beds having an open texture, and 
 contains a characteristic fossil — Pentremites RcBtneri. This lime- 
 stone is found in Pike, Ralls, St. Clair, Cedar and Greene Counties. 
 
 THE HAMILTON GBOUP. 
 
 This is made up of some forty feet of blue shales, and 107 
 feet of semi-crystalline limestone, containing Dalmania, CallUe- 
 les, Phacops hufo, Spirifer mucronahis, S. sculptilis, S. Congesta, 
 Chonetes carinata and Favosiies basaltica. The Hamilton group 
 is found in Kails, Pike, Lincoln, Warren, Montgomery, Calla- 
 way, Boone, Cole and probably Moniteau ; also in Perry and Ste. 
 Genevieve. 
 
 ONONDAGA LIMESTONE. 
 
 This formation is usually a coarse gray or buff, crystalline, 
 thick bedded and cherty limestone, abounding in Terebraiula, 
 reticularis, Orthis resupinaia, Chonetes nana, Productus subacu- 
 leatus, Spirifer euruieines, Phacops bufo, Cyathophyllum rugosum, 
 Emmonsia hemispherica, and a Pentamerus like galeatus. Gen- 
 erally it is coarse, gray and crystalline; often somewhat com- 
 pact, bhiish and concretionary, having cavities filled with green 
 matter or calspar; occasionally it is a white saccharoidal sand- 
 stone; in a few localities a soft, brown sandstone, and at Louis- 
 iana a pure white oolite. 
 
 OBISKANY SANDSTONE. 
 
 In spite of its name, this is a light gray limestone, containing 
 the Spirifer arenosa, Leptoma depressa, and several new species 
 of Spirifer, Chonetes, Illoenns and Lichas. 
 
 SILURIAN ROCKS. 
 
 This system is divided into the upper and lower silurian. 
 Of the former are the following: The lower Helderberg group, 
 which is made up of buff, gray, and reddish cherty, and argilla- 
 ceous limestones, blue shales, and dark graptolite slates. The 
 Cape Girardeau limestone, found on the Mississippi River, about 
 a mile above Cape Girardeau, a compact, bluish gray, frangible 
 limestone, with a smooth fracture, in layers from two to six 
 inches in thickness, with thin argillaceous partings. 
 
20 HI8T0BY OP MISSOURI. 
 
 There are at least ten formations belonging to the lower Silu- 
 rian series. There are three distinct formations of the Hudson 
 River group, as follows: First — Immediately below the oolite of 
 the Onondaga limestone, in the bluffs both above and below St. 
 Louis, there are forty feet of blue, gray and brown argillaceous, 
 magnesian limestone. Above, these shales are in thick beds, 
 showing a dull, conclioidal fracture. Below, the division becomes 
 more argillaceous, and has thin beds of bluish-gray crystalline 
 limestone. Second — -Three and one-half miles northwest of 
 Louisiana, on the Grassy River, some sixty feet of blue and pur- 
 ple shales are exposed below the beds above described. Third 
 • — Under the last named division are, perhaps, twenty feet of ar- 
 gillo-magnesian limestone resembling that in the first division, 
 and interstratified with blue shales. These rocks crop out in 
 Ralls, Pike, Cape Girardeau and Ste. Genevieve Counties. On 
 the Grassy, a thickness of 120 feet is exposed, and they extend 
 to an unknown depth. 
 
 Trenton Limestone. — The upper portion of this formation 
 comprises thick beds of compact, bluish gray and drab limestone, 
 abounding in irregular cavities, filled with a greenish substance. 
 The lower beds abound in irregular cylindrical pieces, which 
 quickly decompose upon exposure to the air, and leave the rocks 
 perforated with irregular holes, resembling those made in tim- 
 ber by the Toredo navalis. These beds are exposed between 
 Hannibal and New London, north of Salt River, and near Glen- 
 coe, St. Louis County. They are about seventy -five feet thick. 
 Below them are thick strata of impiire, coarse, gray and buff crys- 
 talline magnesian limestone, containing brown, earthy portions, 
 which quickly crumble on exposure to the elements. The bluffs 
 on Salt River are an example of these strata. The lowest part of 
 the Trenton limestone is composed of hard, blue and bluish-gray, 
 semi-compact, silico-magnesian limestone, interstratified with 
 soft, earthy, magnesian beds of a light buff and drab color. Fifty 
 feet of these strata crop out at the quarries south of the plank 
 road bridge over Salt River, and on Spencer's Creek in Ralls 
 County. The middle beds sometimes develop a beautiful white 
 crystalline marble, as at Cape Girardeau and near Glencoe. 
 
 The Black River and Birdseye limestones are often in even 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 21 
 
 layers ; the lower beds have sometimes mottled drab and reddish 
 shades, often afPording a pretty marble. Near the base this rock 
 is often traversed by vermicular cavities and cells. These may 
 be seen from Cape Girardeau to Lincoln, and in St. Charles, 
 Warren and Montgomery Counties, thinning out in the latter. 
 
 The First Magnesian Limestone is generally a buff, open-tex- 
 tured, thick and even bedded limestone, breaking readily under 
 the hammer, and affording a useful building rock. Shumard es- 
 timated its thickness in Ste. Genevieve County to be about 150 
 feet. In Warren County, in North Missouri, it is seventy feet 
 thick. It is found in Balls, Pike, Lincoln, St. Charles, Warren, 
 Callaway and Boone. Southwesterly, it is not well marked — in- 
 deed it seems to be absent in some counties where, in regular 
 sequence, it should be found. It occurs in Franklin, St. Louis, 
 and southwardly to Cape Girardeau County. 
 
 Saccharoidal Sandstone is usually a bed of white friable sand- 
 stone, sometimes slightly tinged with red and brown, which is 
 made up of globular concretions and angular fragments of 
 limpid quartz. The formation is well developed in Lincoln, St. 
 Charles, Warren, Montgomery, Gasconade, Franklin, St. Louis, 
 Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve, Perry and Cape Girardeau Counties. 
 Besides the above, it is also developed in a more attenuated form, 
 in Callaway, Osage, Cole, Moniteau and Boone. This sandstone 
 is probably destined to be one of the most useful rocks found in 
 Missouri. It is generally of a very white color, and the purest 
 sandstone found in the State, and is suitable for making the 
 finest glassware. Its great thickness makes it inexhaustible. 
 In St. Charles and Warren Counties it is 133 feet thick, and in 
 Southeast Missouri over 100 feet thick. 
 
 The Second Magnesian Limestone occutb in all the river counties 
 south of Pike as far as the swamps of Southeast Missouri, and is 
 more often the surface rock in all the counties south of the Mis- 
 souri and Osage Elvers, to within fifty miles of the western line 
 of the State. It is generally composed of beds of earthy mag- 
 nesian limestone, interstratified with shale beds and layers of 
 white chert, with occasionally thin strata of white sandstone, 
 and, near the lower part, thick cellular silico-magnesian limestone 
 beds. The layers are more often of irregular thickness and not 
 
22 HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 very useful for buildicg purposes. It is often a lead-bearing 
 rock, and most of the lead of Cole County occurs in it. It is 
 from 175 to 200 feet thick. 
 
 The second sandstone is usually a brown or yellowish brown, 
 fine-grained sandstone, distinctly stratified in regular beds, vary- 
 ing from two to eighteen inches in thickness. The surfaces are 
 often ripple- marked and micaceous. It is sometimes quite fri- 
 able, though generally sufiiciently indurated for building pur- 
 poses. The upper part is often composed of thin strata of light, 
 soft and porous, semi-pulverulent, sandy chert or hornstone, 
 whose cavities are usually lined with limpid crystals of quartz. 
 
 The Third Magnesian Limestone. — This also is an impor- 
 tant member, occurring in nearly all the counties of Southern 
 Missouri. It jrs generally a thick-bedded, coarsely crystalline 
 bluish gray, or flesh-colored magnesian limestone, with occasional 
 thick chert beds. It is the chief lead-bearing rock of South- 
 east and Southern Missouri. In some counties it is as much as 
 300 feet thick. 
 
 The Third Sandstone is a white, saccharoidal sandstone, made 
 up of slightly-cohering, transparent globular and angular par- 
 ticles of silex. It shows but little appearance of stratification. 
 
 The Fourth Magnesian Limestone. — This formation presents 
 more permanent and uniform lithological characters than any 
 other of the magnesian limestones. It is ordinarily a coarse- 
 grained, crystalline magnesian limestone, grayish-buff in color, 
 containing a few crevices filled with less indurated, siliceous 
 matter. Its thick, uniform beds contain but little chert. The 
 best exposures of this formation are on the Niagara and Osage 
 Eivers. 
 
 This magnesian limestone series is very interesting, both 
 from a scientific and an economical standpoint. It covers a 
 large part of Southern and Southeastern Missouri, is remarkable 
 for its numerous and important caves and springs, and comprises 
 nearly all the vast deposits of lead, zinc, copper, cobalt, the limi- 
 nite ores of iron, and neai'ly all the marble beds of the State. 
 The lower part of the first magnesian limestone, the saccharoidal 
 sandstone, the second magnesian limestone, the second sand- 
 stone, and the upper part of the third magnesian limestone be- 
 
HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 23 
 
 long, without doubt, to the age of the calciferous saud rock; 
 but the remainder of the series to the Potsdam sandstone. 
 
 AZOIC ROCKS. 
 
 Below the rocks of the silurian system there is a series of 
 siliceous and other slates, which present no remains of organic 
 life; we therefore refer them to the Azoic age of the geologist. 
 They contain some of the beds of specular iron. In Pilot Knob 
 we have a good exposition of these Azoic strata. The lower fossi- 
 liferous rocks rest non-conformably on these strata. 
 
 IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS. 
 
 Aside from the stratified rocks of Missouri, there is a series 
 of rounded knobs and hills in St. Francois, Iron, Dent and the 
 neighboring counties, which are composed of granite, porphyry, 
 diorite and greenstone. These igneous and metamorphic rocks 
 contain some of those remarkable beds of specular iron, of 
 which Iron and Shepherd Mountains are samples. This iron 
 ore often occurs in regular veins in the porphyry. 
 
 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 
 
 When the continent of North America began to emerge from 
 the primeval ocean. Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain and the 
 neighboring heights were among the first bodies of land that 
 reared themselves above the surrounding waters. When Pilot 
 Knob thus grew into an island, it stood alone in the ocean waste, 
 excejit that to the northwest the Black Hills, to the northeast 
 a part of the Alleghany system, and to the southwest a small 
 cluster of rocks lifted their heads out of the flood. These islands 
 were formed in the Azoic seas by mighty internal convulsions 
 that forced up the porphyry and granite, the slates and iron beds 
 of the great ore mountains of Missouri. 
 
 COAL. 
 
 The Missouri coal fields underlie an area of nearly 25,000 
 square miles, including about 160 square miles in St. Louis 
 County, eight square miles in St. Charles, and some important 
 outliers and pockets, which are mainly "cannel coal, in Lincoln, 
 
24 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 WarreD and Callaway Counties. This area includes about 
 8,400 square miles of upper coal measures, 2,000 square miles of 
 exposed middle, and about 14,600 square miles of exposed lower 
 measures. 
 
 The upper coal measures contain about four feet of coal, in- 
 cluding two seams of one foot each in thickness, the others be- 
 ing thin seams or streaks. 
 
 The middle coal measures contain about seven feet of coal, 
 including two workable seams of twenty-one and twenty-four 
 inches, one other of one foot, that is worked under favorable cir- 
 cumstances, and six thin seams. 
 
 The lower measures contain about five workable seams of 
 coal, varying in thickness from eighteen inches to four and one 
 half feet, thin seams varying from six to eleven inches, and sev- 
 eral minor seams and streaks, in all, thirteen feet, six inches of 
 coal. We therefore have in Missouri, a total aggregate of twenty- 
 four feet, six inches of coal. The thinner seams are not often 
 mined, except in localities distant from railroad transportation. 
 
 All beds over eighteen inches thick are workable coals. The 
 area where such may be reached within 200 feet from the 
 surface is about 7,000 square miles. Most of the State under- 
 laid by the coal measure is rich farming land. That under- 
 laid by the upper measure includes the richest, which is equal 
 to any upon the globe. The southeastern boundary of the coal 
 measure has been traced from the mouth of the Des Moines 
 through Clark, Lewis, Scotland, Adair, Macon, Shelby, Monroe, 
 Audrain, Callaway, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Benton, Henry, St. 
 Clair, Bates. Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton and Jasper Counties 
 into the Indian Territory, and every county on the northwest of 
 this line is known to contain more or less coal. Great quantities 
 exist in Johnson, Pettis, Lafayette, Cass, Chariton, Howard, Put- 
 nam and Audrain. Outside the coal fields, as given above, the 
 regular coal rocks also exist in Kails, Montgomery, Warren, St. 
 Charles, Callaway and St. Louis, and local deposits of cannel and 
 bituminous coal in Moniteau, Cole, Morgan, Crawford, Lincoln 
 and Callaway. In 1865 Prof. Swallow estimated the amount of 
 good available coal in the State, at 134,000,000,000 tons. Since 
 then numerous other developments have been made, and that es- 
 timate is found to be far too small. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 25 
 
 LEAD. 
 
 This mineral occurs in lodes, veins and disseminations, which 
 are, as yet, only partially determined. Enough, however, is 
 known of the number, extent, dip and thickness of these de- 
 posits to show that their range and richness exceed those of any 
 other lead-bearing region in the world. 
 
 Galena occurs in this State in ferruginous clay, that becomes 
 jointed, or separates into distinct masses, quite regular in form, 
 when taken out and partially dried; also in regular cubes, in 
 gravel beds, or with cherty masses in the clays associated with 
 the same. These cubes in some localities show the action of at- 
 trition, while in others they are entirely unworn. Lead is found 
 in the carboniferous rocks, but perhaps the greater portion is ob- 
 tained from the magnesian rocks of the lower silurian, and in one 
 or two localities galena has been discovered in the rocks of the 
 Azoic period. At Dugals, Reynolds County, lead is found in a 
 disseminated condition in the porphyry. 
 
 THE SOUTHEAST LEAD DISTRICT. 
 
 The Mine La Motte region was discovered about 1720 by La 
 Motte and Renault. It was not, however, until this territory was 
 ceded to Spain that any considerable mining for lead was done in 
 this part of Missouri. Moses Austin, of Virginia, secured from 
 the Spanish Government a large grant of land near Potosi, and 
 sunk the first regular shaft ; and, after taking out large quantities 
 of lead, erected, in 1789, the first reverberatory furnace for the 
 reduction of lead ever built in America. 
 
 In all this region are found crystallized cubes of galena in the 
 tallow clay, occurring as float. In Franklin, Washington and 
 Jefferson Counties galena is found in ferruginous clay and 
 coarse gravel, often associated with small masses of brown hema- 
 tite iron and the sulphuret of iron ; sometimes lying in small 
 cavities or pockets. 
 
 The Virginia mine in Franklin County has produced by far 
 the greater portion of lead from this section. 
 
 At the Webster mines, the silicate and carbonate of zinc are 
 found always accompanying the lead. At the Valle mines silicate 
 of zinc and baryta occur, as well as hematite iron ore. The 
 
26 HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Mammoth mine was a succession of caves, in which millions of 
 pounds of lead were found adhering to the sides and roof, and on 
 the bottom was mixed with clay and baryta. 
 
 The Frumet or Einstein mines are the most productive ever 
 opened in Jefferson County, and yield also large quantities of 
 zinc ore. There are other valuable mines, in some of which sil- 
 ver has been found. 
 
 In Washington County lead mining has been carried on un- 
 interruptedly for ■ a greater length of time, and more acres of 
 land have been dug over that have produced lead than in any 
 other county in the State. 
 
 In St. Francois County, lead deposits are found in the fer- 
 ruginous clay and gravel. These mines formerly produced many 
 millions of pounds, but have not been extensively worked for 
 many yeai's. 
 
 Over portions of Madison County considerable lead is found 
 in the clay. There is lead in several locations in Iron County. 
 In Wayne, Carter, Reynolds and Crawford Counties lead has 
 been found. 
 
 Ste. Genevieve has a deposit of lead known as the Avon mines 
 on Mineral Fork, where mining and smelting have been prosecuted 
 for many years. In this vicinity lead has also been found as 
 " float" in several places. 
 
 Lead exists in the small streams in several places in the 
 western part of Cape Girardeau County. 
 
 In the region above described at least 2,000 square miles 
 are underlaid with lead, upon which territory galena can be 
 found almost anywhere, either in the clay, gravel openings, or 
 in a disseminated condition. 
 
 The Central Lead district comprises the counties of Cole, 
 Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan, Miller, Benton, Maries, Camden and 
 Osage. During later years the lead development of Cole County 
 has been more to the northwestern corner, passing into Moniteau 
 and Cooper Counties. In the former several valuable mines 
 have been opened. 
 
 The West diggings have been extensively developed and 
 proved rich. The mineral is found in connected cubes in lime- 
 stone rock, and lies in lodes and pockets. Lead has been found 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 27 
 
 in several places in Cooper and Osage Counties. The later dis- 
 coveries in that vicinity, although not yet fully developed, give 
 promise of great richness. 
 
 Camden County possesses considerable deposits of lead; a 
 number of mines have been successfully worked, and, as the en- 
 tire northern portion of the county is underlaid with the mag- 
 nesian limestone formation, it may be discovered in many places 
 where its existence has never been suspected. Miller County is 
 particularly rich in galeniferous ore. 
 
 Paying lead has been found north of the Osage Eiver. On 
 the Gravois, Big Saline, Little Saline and Bush Creeks, and the 
 Fox, Walker, Mount Pleasant and Saline Diggings have yielded 
 millions of pounds of lead. 
 
 Benton County contains a number of lead deposits, the most 
 important being the Cole Cany mines. Lead has been found as 
 a "float" in many localities. 
 
 Morgan County, like Washington, can boast of having lead 
 in every township, either as clay, mineral, " float," or in veins, 
 lodes, pockets and caves. The magnesian limestone series of 
 Morgan, in which the lead ores now are, or have all existed, are 
 the most complete and well defined of any in Missouri. 
 
 The most extensive deposits of lead in Morgan County have 
 been found south of the center of the county, yet in the north- 
 western part are several well known lodes. We can not even 
 name the hundreds of places in the county where lead is found 
 in paying quantities. There seems to be a region, covering 200 
 square miles, entirely underlaid by lead. These wonderful 
 deposits are as yet but partially worked. 
 
 The Southern Lead Region of the State comprises the coun- 
 ties of Pulaski, Laclede, Texas, Wright, Webster, Douglas, 
 Ozark and Christian. The mineral deposits of this region are 
 only partially developed. In Pulaski County lead has been 
 discovered in several localities. Laclede County has a number 
 of lead deposits; one about eleven miles from Lebanon, where 
 the ore is found in a disseminated condition in the soft magne- 
 sian limestone. In the southwestern part of Texas County, along 
 the headwaters of the Gasconade River, there are considerable 
 deposits of lead ore. Wright County has a number of lead 
 
28 HISTORY OF MISSOnRI. 
 
 mines almost unworked, which are situated in the southeastern 
 part of _the county, and are a continuation of the deposits in 
 Texas County. In Douglas County, near the eastern line, and 
 near Swan Creek, are considerable deposits of galena. Ozark 
 and Christian Counties have a number of lead deposits, zinc 
 being invariably found in connection. 
 
 The Western Lead District comprises Hickory, Dallas, Polk, 
 St. Clair, Cedar and Dade Counties. In Hickory County quite 
 extensive mining has been carried on, the larger deposits having 
 been found near Hermitage. In the northern part of the county 
 and along the Pomme de Terre River, lead occurs as "float," and 
 in the rock formation. The more prominent lodes are found in the 
 second magnesian limestone, with a deposit occurring in the third. 
 The lead deposits of Hickory Coixnty are richer and more fully 
 developed than any other in this district. Dallas County has a 
 few deposits of lead, and float lead has been found in various 
 localities in Polk. In St. Clair County the galeniferous deposits 
 are in the second sandstone, and in the ferruginous clay, with 
 chert, conglomerate and gravel. Cedar County presents a 
 deposit of lead, copper and antimony. Galena is found in the 
 clay and gravel. In Dade County a considerable quantity of 
 galena has been found in the southeastern corner of the county. 
 
 The Southwest Lead District of Missouri comjM'ises the coun- 
 ties of Jasper, Newton, Lawrence, Stone, Barry and McDonald. 
 The two counties first named produce more than one-half of the 
 pig lead of Missouri, and may well boast their immense deposits 
 of galeniferous wealth. The lead mining resources of Jasper 
 and Newton Counties are simply inexhaustible, and new and rich 
 deposits are continually being found. Lead ore seems to have 
 been obtained here from the earliest recollection, and furnished 
 supplies to the Indians during their occupation. Formerly, 
 smelted lead, merchandise and liquor were the principal return 
 to the miner for his labor, as the distance from market and the 
 general condition of the country precluded enlarged capital and 
 enterprise. Since the war capital has developed the hidden 
 wealth, and systematized labor, and rendered it remunerative. 
 This, with the additional railroad facilities, has brought the 
 county prominently and rapidly before the public as one of the 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 29 
 
 most wonderful mining districts of the world. The total produc- 
 tion of lead in Jasper County for the centennial year was, accord- 
 ing to the estimates of the best authorities, over half the entire 
 lead production of the State, and more than the entire lead produc- 
 tion of any other State in the Union. Later statistics show a steady 
 and rapid increase in the yield of these mines. 
 
 One fact, worthy of notice, is, that Jasper County, the great- 
 est lead producing county of the greatest lead producing State, 
 raises every year, upon her farms, products of more value than 
 the lead dug in any one year from her mines. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 In the mining, shipping, smelting and manufacturing of the 
 ores of iron, there is, perhaps, more capital invested and more 
 labor employed than in all the other metal industries of our State 
 combined. 
 
 There are three principal and important iron regions in Mis- 
 souri, namely: 
 
 The Eastern Region, composed of the southeastern limonite 
 district, and the Iron Mountain specular ore district. 
 
 The Central Region, containing principally specular ores. 
 
 The Western or Osage Region, with its limonites and red 
 hematites. 
 
 These three principal regions combined form a broad ore belt 
 running across the State from the Mississippi to the Osage, in a 
 direction about parallel to the course of the Mississippi River 
 from southeast to northwest, between the thirtieth and fortieth 
 township lines. The specular ores occupy the middle portion of 
 this belt, the limonites both ends of it. The latter are besides 
 spread over the whole southern half of the State, while these sub- 
 carboniferous hematites occur only along the southern border of 
 the North Missouri coal field, having thus an independent dis- 
 tribution, and being principally represented in Callaway, St. Clair 
 and Henry Counties. 
 
 Iron Mountain is the greatest exposure of specular iron yet 
 discovered. It is the result of igneous action, and is the purest 
 mass or body of ore known. The work of years has only just un- 
 covered the massive columns of specular ore that seems to pass 
 
30 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 down through the porphyry and granite to the source of their exist- 
 ence. The region about is covered with the ore debris. The 
 broken masses have the same general color and quality as the 
 vein ore of Iron Mountain. The fresh fracture presents a ligli t gray, 
 tinged distinctly with blue. The crystallization is often coarse, 
 presenting an irregular fracture. All the ore is more or less mag- 
 netic. The streak is a bright cherry red, and possesses the hard- 
 ness of 6. Analysis shows it to contain from 65 to 69 per cent 
 of metallic iron. 
 
 The ore of Shepherd Mountain is called a magnetite. In some 
 portions of the veins it shows itself to be granular, brown in color, 
 and to have a clear black streak. Other portions present all the 
 qualities of a specular ore. In portions of the specular, as well 
 as magnetite, beautiful crystals of micaceous ore are found. The 
 streak of this specular and micaceous is a dark red ; the 
 hardness is about 5, with from 64 to 67 per cent of metallic 
 iron. The magnetic qualities of this ore are quite variable, 
 usually the strongest at or near the surface, but this is not 
 the case in all the veins. The ore of Shepherd Mountain is 
 superior to any yet developed in Missouri, not quite as rich as 
 that of Iron Mountain, but so uniform in character, and devoid of 
 sulphur and phosphoric acid that it may be classed as supe- 
 rior to that, or any other ore that we have. 
 
 The ore of Pilot Knob is fine grained, very light bluish gray 
 in color, and with a hardness representing 6, with a luster siib- 
 metallic. There is a most undoubted stratification to the deposi- 
 tion, occurring as before indicated. The ore of Pilot Knob 
 gives from 53 to 60 per cent metallic iron, and is almost free 
 from deleterious substances. The ore below the slate seam is 
 much the best, containing only about from 5 to 12 per cent of 
 eilica, while the poorer ores show sometimes as high as 40 per 
 cent. There have been more than 200,000 surface feet of ore de- 
 termined to exist here. 
 
 The Scotia Iron Banks, located on the Meramec River, in 
 Crawford County, are most remarkable formations. Here the 
 specular ore is a deep, steel gray color, with a metallic luster. 
 The crystals are fine, and quite regular in uniformity. This ore 
 is found in the shape of boulders, sometimes small and sometimes 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 31 
 
 of immense size, resting in soft red hematites, that have been pro- 
 duced by the disintegration of the specular ores. These boulders 
 contain a great number of small cavities in which the ore has as- 
 sumed botryoidal forms ; and upon these, peroxide iron crystalliza- 
 tions are so formed that a most gorgeous show of prismatic colors 
 is presented. The hardness of this ore is about 6 ; the soft red 
 ore, in which it occurs, not more than 2^. 
 
 In these banks there are some carbonates and ochraceous ores, 
 but not in any quantity to deteriorate or materially change the 
 character of the other ores. Many of the boulders present a soft 
 red mass with a blue specular kernel in the center. This ore is 
 found to be slightly magnetic, and gives from 58 to 69 per cent 
 metallic iron. 
 
 Simmons Mountain, one-half mile south of Salem, Dent 
 County, is about 100 feet high, and covers nearly forty acres. 
 The second sandstone is the country rock and at the summit is 
 uncovered, and mixed Avitli specular and brown ores. Down the 
 elevation larger masses of ore are met with that have the appear- 
 ance of being drifts from the main deposit higher up. Shafts 
 have been sunk in this elevation determining more than thirty 
 feet of solid ore. The ore is a splendid, close, compact, brilliant 
 epecular, very hard and free from deleterious substances. The 
 ores of this mountain do not show nearly as much metamorphism 
 as many of the other banks in the second sandstone of this re- 
 gion. The ore is quite strongly magnetic, and gives a bright 
 red streak. This is the largest specular iron deposit, with the 
 exception of Iron Mountain, that is known in the State. 
 
 Some of the most extensive red hematite banks in Missouri 
 are located in Franklin County. Along the Bourbense there are 
 thirteen exposures of fine red hematite iron ore. Near Dry 
 Branch Station is an elevation, capped at the summit with saccha- 
 roidal sandstone, beneath which there is a large body of red and 
 epecular ore. The red hematite, however, predominates, and is 
 remarkably pure and free from sulphur or other deleterious sub- 
 stances. The sinking of a number of shafts upon this hill 
 reaches the deposits in several places, in all of which the red hem- 
 atite shows itself to be the prevailing ore. This ore will be found 
 to work well with the hard specular and ores of the siliceous 
 character, like Pilot Knob. 
 
32 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 In Miller, Maries, Cole and Camden Counties, also in Bol- 
 linger, Stoddard and Butler Counties, along the line of the St. 
 Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad, there are a number 
 of red hematite banks of considerable promise. There are simi- 
 lar banks in the northern part of Texas and Wright Counties, 
 and in Morgan, Benton, Cedar and Laclede. 
 
 In Wayne County there are over seventy different limonite 
 ore banks. In Miller, Maries, Camden, Cole, Moniteau and Cal- 
 laway Counties there are very extensive banks of the same kind. 
 In Morgan, Benton, St. Clair, Cedar, Hickory and Vernon Coun- 
 ties, considerable brown hematite has been found. 
 
 In Franklin, Gasconade, Phelps, Crawford, Laclede, Chris- 
 tian, Webster and Green Counties, large limonite beds have been 
 found. In the Moselle region very large deposits have been 
 opened and worked for many years. In Osage County there are 
 a number of promising brown ore banks, as well as fine specvdar 
 and red hematite. 
 
 It is impossible, in the brief space at our command, to de- 
 scribe the number of banks, rich in iron ore, which are situated 
 in the above and other counties of our State; but a glance at the 
 tables found in the works of prominent geologists of the State, 
 will give some idea of the resources of Missouri as an iron pro- 
 ducing region. 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 The ores of zinc in Missouri are almost as numerous as those 
 of lead. They are distributed throughout almost all the geolog- 
 ical strata, and scattered through nearly every mineral district; 
 but the principal supply of the metal for commercial purposes is 
 obtained from a very few ores, the more important of which are 
 zinc blende (sulphuret of zinc), the silicate of zinc and the 
 carbonate of zinc, and these are furnished by a comparatively 
 few localities. 
 
 In reference to their geological position, the ores are in two 
 classes: The first class includes all zinc ores which occur in the 
 regular veins of the older rocks, and hence are associated with 
 other metalliferous ores. The second mode of occurrence, and 
 the ore by far of paramount importance in Missouri, is that of 
 the third magnesian limestone of the lower silurian series, where 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 33 
 
 it usually occurs in association with galena in the cave formation. 
 
 Zinc blende abounds at Granby and Joplin, and is found at 
 many other mines of the southwest. It also occurs at the lead 
 mines of Franklin and Washington Counties, and at some other 
 points in Southeast Missouri. 
 
 The pockets of coal in Central Missouri nearly all contain 
 zinc blende. The lead mines of the same section also sometimes 
 ■carry it. 
 
 There are quantities of silicate of zinc at Granby and Joplin, 
 and the ore is found at most of the lead mines of the southwest, 
 and occasionally in Central and Southeast Missouri. Carbonate 
 of zinc occurs at Granby, Joplin, Minersville and Valle's mines. 
 It is in the Granby, Joplin and Valle mining districts that zinc 
 ore is principally worked. 
 
 COPPER. 
 
 Several varieties of copper ore exist in the Missouri mines. 
 The copper mines of Shannon, Madison and Franklin Counties 
 have been known for a long time. Some of those in Shannon 
 and Franklin were once worked with bright prospects of success, 
 and some in Madison have yielded good results for many years. 
 
 Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, 
 IBenton, Maries, Green, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, 
 Eeynolds and Wright Counties, but the mines in Franklin, Shan- 
 non, Madison, Crawford, Dent and Washington give greater 
 promise of yielding profitable results than any other yet dis- 
 covered. 
 
 NICKEL AND COBALT. 
 
 These ores abound at Mine La Motte and the old copper 
 mines in Madison County, and are also found at the St. Joseph 
 mines. 
 
 Sulphuret of nickel, in beautiful hair-like crystals, is found 
 in the limestone at St. Louis, occupjdng drusy cavities, resting 
 on calcite or fluor spar. 
 
 MANGANESE. 
 
 The peroxide of manganese has been found in several locali- 
 ties in Ste. Genevieve and other counties. 
 
34 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 SILVER AND GOLD. 
 
 Silver occurs to a limited extent in nearly all the lead mines 
 in the State. Gold, though found in small quantities, has never 
 been profitably worked in any part of Missouri. 
 
 MARBLE. 
 
 Missouri has numerous and extensive beds of marble of vari- 
 ous shades and qualities. Some of them are very valuable, and 
 are an important item in the resources of the State. 
 
 Fort Scott marble is a hard, black, fine-grained marble, with 
 veins of yellow, buff and brown. It receives a fine polish, and is 
 very beautiful. It belongs to the coal measures, and is common 
 in the western part of Vernon County. 
 
 There are several beds of fine marbles in the St. Louis lime- 
 stone, of St. Louis County. 
 
 The fourth division of encrinital limestone is a white, coarse- 
 grained crystalline marble of great durability. It crops out in 
 several places in Marion County. 
 
 The lithographic limestone furnishes a fine, hard-grained, 
 bluish-drab marble, that contrasts finely with white varieties in 
 tessellated pavements. 
 
 The Cooper marble of the devonian limestone has numerous 
 pellucid crystals of calcareous spar disseminated through a drab 
 or bluish-drab, fine compact base. It exists in great quantities 
 in some localities of Cooper and Mai'ion Counties, and is admira- 
 bly adapted to many ornamental uses. There are extensive beds 
 of fine, variegated marbles in the upper silurian limestones of 
 Cape Girardeau County. Cape Girardeau marble is also a part 
 of the Trenton limestone, located near Cape Girardeau. It is 
 nearly white, strong and durable. This bed is also found near 
 Glencoe, St. Louis County. 
 
 In the magnesian limestone series there are several beds of 
 very excellent marble. Near Ironton there are beds of semi- 
 crystalline, light-colored marbles, beautifully clouded with buff 
 and flesh colors. In the third magnesian limestone, on the 
 Niangua, is a fine-grained, crystalline, silico-magnesian limestone, 
 light drab, slightly tinged with peach blossom, and beautifully 
 clouded with deep flesh-colored shades. It is twenty feet thick, 
 and crops out in the bluffs of the Niangua for a long distance. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOTJBI. 35 
 
 There are numerous other beds in the magnesian limestones, 
 some of which are white and others so clouded as to present the 
 appearance of breccias. 
 
 The Ozark marbles are well known, some of them having 
 been used to ornament the Capitol at Washington. Wherever 
 the magnesian limestones come near the igneous rocks, we may 
 expect to find them so changed as to present beds of the beautifiil 
 variegated marbles. 
 
 SULPHATE or BARYTA. 
 
 In its pure white form, this mineral is very abundant in Mis- 
 souri. It occurs in large beds in the mining regions, as the 
 gangue of our lead veins, and as large masses, especially in the 
 magnesian limestone of the lower silurian rocks. It is utilized 
 as a pigment in connection with lead, and may be made valuable 
 for the same purpose in connection with some of our ferruginous 
 and argillaceous paints. 
 
 CLAYS. 
 
 Fire clays, possessing refractory qualities, suitable for making 
 fire brick, occur beneath most of the thicker coal seams. 
 
 Potter's clay is abundant, especially among the coal measure 
 clays. It is also sometimes found associated with the lowei-* car- 
 boniferous rocks. 
 
 Kaolin is only found in Southeast Missouri, where porphyries 
 or granites prevail. 
 
 Brick clays have been found and worked in nearly all the 
 counties where there has been a demand for them. The argilla- 
 ceous portions of the bluflf formation make good brick, as shown 
 in the brick yards all along our large rivers. Some of the ter- 
 tiary clays will make the very best brick. 
 
 CAVES, ETC. 
 
 There are several very interesting and quite remarkable caves 
 in the State. Hannibal Cave, situated one mile below the city of 
 Hannibal, and aboiit a quarter of a mile from the Mississippi 
 River, is approached through a broad ravine, hemmed in by lofty 
 ridges, which are at right angles with the river. The ante- 
 chamber is about eight feet high and fifteen feet long. This 
 
36 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 descends into the Narrows, thence through Grand Avenue to 
 Washington Avenue, and througli the latter to Altar Chamber. 
 This is a ferruginous limestone formation, and crystal quartz, 
 carbonate of lime and sulphate of magnesia abound. Stalactites 
 and stalagmites are continually forming by limestone percola- 
 tions. In Bat Avenue Chamber the bats may be seen hanging 
 from the ceiling in clusters, like swarms of bees, some of them 
 fifteen inches from tip to tip. Washington Avenue, over sixteen 
 feet high, with long corridoi's of stalactites and stalagmites, is the 
 largest division of the cave. It contains a spring, and a deep 
 pool, in which are found the wonderful eyeless fish. The Devil's 
 Hall, Alligator Rock, Elephant's Head, two natural wells filled 
 with limpid water. Table Rock, and numbers of other curiosities, 
 will amply repay the tourist for his exploration. 
 
 Cliff Cave, thirteen miles below St. Louis, has been utilized 
 by the Cliff Cave Wine Company as a wine cellar. 
 
 There are several caves in Miller County, the largest of which 
 is on Big Tavern Creek, in the bluff near its confluence with the 
 Osage River. The entrance is about twenty-five feet square, and 
 is situated thirty or forty feet above the river, in a solid lime- 
 stone bluff. During the civil war it was used as a retreat by the 
 bandit, Crabtree. The stalactite formations are of strange and 
 fantastic appearance, some of them looking like colossal images 
 of marble, and the whole effect by torchlight is weird and 
 solemn. 
 
 Phelps County contains several interesting caves, the most 
 accessible of which is Freide's Cave, about nine miles northwest 
 of RoUa. Its mouth is 60 feet in width and 35 feet in height. 
 It has been penetrated to a distance of three miles without find- 
 ing any outlet. The Stalactite Chamber is a beautiful apartment 
 200 yards in length, varying from 15 to 30 feet in width, and 
 from 5 to 30 feet in height. The Bat Chamber contains thou- 
 sands of wagon loads of guano, which is extensively used by the 
 farmers of the neighborhood. The cave also contains quantities 
 of saltpetre, and during the war large amounts of powder were 
 manufactured there. 
 
 There are also caves in Christian County. The principal one 
 is two and a half miles northeast of Ozark. Its entrance is 
 
HISTOKY OF MISSOUKI. 37 
 
 through a rock arch 50 feet across and 80 feet high. About 400 
 feet from the entrance, the passage is so contracted that the ex- 
 plorer must crawl through on his hands and knees. A fine 
 stream of water, clear and cold, gurgles down through the cave. 
 
 About twelve miles south of Ozark, near the Forsyth road, 
 on the top of a very high hill, is a small opening, which, about 
 100 feet from the surface, exjjands into a hall 30 feet wide and 
 about 400 feet long, the sides and top of which are of rock lined 
 with beautiful stalactites. 
 
 In Stone County at least twenty-five caves have been explored 
 and many more discovered. One mile from Galena is an exten- 
 sive cave from which the early settlers procured saltpetre in large 
 quantities. About two and a half miles above this is a smaller 
 one of great beauty. From the ceiling depend glittering stalac- 
 tites, while the floor sparkles with fragments of gem-like luster. 
 A pearly wall, of about half an inch in thickness and 15 inches 
 high encloses a miniature lake, through whose pellucid waters 
 the wavy stalagmite bottom of this natural basin can be plainly 
 seen. The sacred stillness of the vaulted chamber render.s its 
 name, "The Baptismal Font," a peculiarly fitting one. 
 
 A cave about twelve miles from Galena is well known among 
 curiosity seekers in the adjacent country. The entrance cham- 
 ber is a large dome-shaped room, whose ceiling is very high ; a 
 glittering mound of stalagmites rises in the center of the room, 
 nearly one-third the height of the ceiling; stretching out at 
 right angles from this are long shining halls leading to other 
 grand arched chambers, gorgeous enough for the revels of the 
 gnome king, and all the genii of the subterranean world. One 
 can not but think of the Inferno, as, wandering down a labyrinth- 
 ian passage, he reaches the verge of an abyss, striking perpen- 
 dicularly to unknown and echoless depths. The name, " Bot- 
 tomless Pit," is well bestowed on this yawning gulf. 
 
 Knox Cave, in Green County, about seven miles northwest of 
 Springfield, is of large dimensions, and hung in some parts with 
 the most beautiful stalactites. 
 
 Fisher's Cave, six miles southeast of Springfield, is of simi- 
 lar dimensions, and has a beautiful stream of water flowing out 
 of it. 
 
38 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 There are a number of saltpetre caves along the banks of 
 the Gasconade, which were once profitably worked. Some of 
 these caves are large and interesting, consisting frequently of a 
 succession of rooms joined to each other by arched halls of a 
 considerable height, with walls of white limestone, upon which, 
 as well as upon the floors, the saltpetre is deposited, and is gen- 
 erally so pure as to need but one washing to prepare it for use 
 or export. When these caves were first discovered, it was not 
 uniisual to find in them stone-axes and hammers which led 
 to the belief that they had formerly been worked for some un- 
 known purpose by the savages. It is doubtful whether these 
 tools were left there by the Indians or by another and more civil- 
 ized race which preceded them. 
 
 There are numerous caves in Perry County, two of which 
 penetrate beneath Perryville. 
 
 Connor's Cave, seven miles southeast of Columbia, has an en- 
 trance twenty feet wide and eight feet high, and has been ex- 
 plored for several miles. 
 
 There are extensive and beautiful caves in Texas, Webster, 
 La^vi'ence, Laclede, Oregon and several other counties. 
 
 MINERAL SPRINGS. 
 
 Salt springs are exceedingly abundant in the central part of 
 the State. They discharge vast quantities of brine in Cooper, 
 Saline, Howard and the adjoining counties. These brines are 
 near the navigable waters of the Missouri, in the midst of an 
 abundance of wood and coal, and might furnish salt enough to 
 supply all the markets of the continent. 
 
 Sulphur Springs are also numerous throughout the State. 
 The Chouteau Springs in Cooper, the Monagaw Springs in St. 
 Clair, the Elk Springs in Pike, and the Cheltenham Springs in 
 St. Louis County, have acquired considerable reputation as me- 
 dicinal waters, and have become popular places, of resort. There 
 are similar sulphur springs in other parts of the State. 
 
 Chalybcaie Springs. — There are a great many springs in the 
 State which are impregnated with some of the salts of iron. 
 Those containing carbonates and sulphates are most common, and 
 several of these are quite celebrated for their medicinal properties. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 39 
 
 Sweet Springs on the Blackwater, and the Chalybeate Spring 
 in the University campus, are perhaps the most noted of the 
 kind in the State. The Sweet Springs flow from cavities in the 
 upper beds of the Burlington limestone. The hill is here forty- 
 seven feet high above water in the Blackwater, spreading out at 
 the back in a flat table-land. The spring itself is about twenty- 
 feet above the river, and has a sweetish alkaline taste. It is use- 
 ful as a promoter of general good health, and is much resorted to 
 at the proper season. The water is used for ordinary cooking 
 and drinking purposes, except for making tea. 
 
 Petroleum Springs. — These are found in Carroll, Ray, Ran- 
 dolph, Cass, Lafayette, Bates, Vernon and other counties. Many 
 of these springs discharge considerable quantities of oil. The 
 variety called lubricating oil is the most common. It is impossi- 
 ble to tell whether petroleum will be found in paying quantities 
 in these localities, but there is scarcely a doubt that there are 
 reservoirs of considerable quantities. 
 
 MANUFACTURING. 
 
 The state of Missouri presents every facility for extensive and 
 successful manufacturing ; abundant timber of the best quality, 
 exhaustless deposits of coal, iron, lead, zinc, marble and granite, 
 unmeasured water power, distributed over the State, a home mar- 
 ket among an industrious and wealth-accumulating people, and a 
 system of navigable rivers and railway trunk line and branches, 
 that permeate, not only the State, but reach out in direct lines 
 fi'om giilf to lake, and from ocean to ocean. 
 
 Of the manufacturing in Missouri over three-quarters of the 
 whole is done in St. Louis, which produced in 1880, $114,333,375 
 worth of manufactured articles, thus placing her as the sixth 
 manufacturing city in the Union, being surpassed only by New 
 York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Brooklyn and Boston. 
 
 The leading manufacturing counties of the State are St. Louis, 
 Jackson, Buchanan, St. Charles, Marion, Franklin, Greene, Cape 
 Girardeau, Platte, Boone, Lafayette, followed by Macon, Clay, 
 Phelps, St. Francois, Washington and Lewis. 
 
 The subjoined table, arranged from the tenth United States 
 census, will give the reader a comprehensive view of the pres- 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 ent state of manufacturing in Missouri, and its variation during^ 
 recent years. 
 
 
 No.Es- 
 tabUsb- 
 ments. 
 
 
 Average Number of 
 Hands Employed. 
 
 Total Amount 
 
 Paid in Wages 
 
 During 
 
 the Year. 
 
 Value of 
 Materials. 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Males 
 Above 
 16 Years. 
 
 928 
 1,053 
 3,884 
 6,474 
 
 a 
 
 © 2 
 
 Value of 
 Products. 
 
 1860 
 1860 
 1870 
 1880 
 
 2,923 
 3,157 
 11,871 
 8,592 
 
 $ 8,576,607 j 14,880 
 20,034,220 18,628 
 80,267,244 66,904 
 72,607,844 64,200 
 
 6,566 
 4,321 
 
 $ 4,692,648 
 
 6,669,916 
 
 31,055,445 
 
 24,309,716 
 
 S 12,798,351 
 
 23,849,941 
 
 115,533,269 
 
 110,798,392 
 
 S 24,324,418 
 
 41,782,731 
 206,213,429 
 165,386,205 
 
 The products of the principal lines of manufacturing inter- 
 ests, for the year 1880, are as follows: flouring and grist mills, 
 $32,438,831; slaughtering and meat packing, §14,628,630; tobac- 
 co, 16,810,719; iron, steel, etc., $5,154,090; liquors, distilled and 
 malt, $5,575,607; clothing, $4,409,376; lumber, $6,533,253; bag- 
 ging and bags, $2,597,395; saddlery and harness, $3,976,175; 
 oil, $851,000; foundry and machine shop products, $6,798,832: 
 printing and publishing, $4,452,962; sugar and molasses, $4,475,- 
 740; boots and shoes, $1,982,993; furniture, $2,380,562; paints, 
 $2,825,860; carriages and wagons, $2,483,738; marble and stone 
 works, $1,003,544; bakery products, $3,250,192; brick and tile, 
 $1,602,522; tinware, copper ware and sheet-iron ware, $1,687,- 
 320; sash, doors and blinds, $1,232,670; cooperage, $1,904,822; 
 agricultural implements, $1,141,822; patent medicines, $1,197,- 
 090; soap and candles, $1,704,194; confectionery, $1,247,235; 
 drugs and chemicals, $1,220,211; gold and silver reduced and re- 
 fined, $4,158,606. 
 
 These, together with all other mechanical industries, aggre- 
 gate $165,386,205. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 Since 1852, when railroad building began in Missouri, be- 
 tween 4,000 and 5,000 miles of track have been laid. Addi- 
 tional roads are now in process of construction, and many others 
 in contemplation. The State is well supplied with railroads 
 which tread her surface in all directions, bringing her remotest 
 districts into close connection with St. Louis, that great center 
 of western commerce. These roads have a capital stock aggre- 
 gating more than $100,000,000, and a funded debt of about the 
 same amount. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 41 
 
 The lines of roads which are in operation in the State are as 
 follows : 
 
 The Missouri Pacific, chartered May 10, 1850; the St. Louis, 
 Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad, which is a consolidation of 
 the Arkansas branch ; the Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Railroad ; 
 the Cairo & Fulton Railroad; the Wabash Western Railway; the 
 St. Louis & San Francisco Railway; the Chicago, Alton & St. 
 Louis Railroad; the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad; the Mis- 
 souri, Kansas & Texas Railroad; the Kansas City, St. Joseph & 
 Council Bluffs Railroad; the Keokuk & Kansas City Railway 
 Company ; the St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad Company^ 
 the Missouri & Western; the St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwest- 
 ern Railroad; the St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk Railroad; the 
 Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Railway; the Quincy, Missouri & 
 Pacific Railroad; the Chicago, Rock Island <fe Pacific Railway; 
 the Burlington & Southwestern Railroad. 
 
 STEAM CEAFT. 
 
 In 1880 there were 167 steam crafts owned in Missouri, in- 
 cluding sixty passenger steamers, thirty-seven fei-ry-boats, thir- 
 teen freight steamers, forty-six tow boats and eleven yachts. 
 Their combined tonnage was 60,873.50; their total value, 
 $2,098,800; their crews numbered 2,733 persons, whose wages 
 amounted to $1,423,375, or an average of $281.13 to each per- 
 son during the season; the number of passengers carried was 
 642,303; the freight in tons 2,556,815; coal used for fuel, 399,659 
 tons; wood used for fuel, 25,085 cords; gross earnings of all the 
 steam crafts, $5,560,949. 
 
 WEALTH. 
 
 The total valuation of Missouri real estate and personal 
 property, according to the census of 1880, was $532,795,801; 
 of which her real estate was valued at $381,985,112, and 
 her personal property at $150,810,689. At that time the 
 bonded debt of the State was $55,446,001; the floating debt, 
 $2,722,941; the gross debt, $58,168,942; the sinking fund, 
 $681,558, and the net debt, $57,487,384. 
 
42 HISTOBY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 THE INDIANS. 
 
 When Christopher Columbus set sail fi-om the port of Palos, 
 it was with no expectation of finding a new continent, but with 
 the hope of discovering a direct western route to those far-famed 
 Indies whose fabulous riches were the unfailing theme of travel- 
 ers and geographers. Even to the day of his death the illus- 
 trious explorer had no suspicion of having discovered other than 
 the remote islands and shores of the old world, and, accordingly, 
 he called all the inhabitants of the mysterious country "Indians " 
 — a name which has not only outlasted the error of early navi- 
 gators, but is destined to cling to this unhappy race as long as a 
 vestige of it remains. Whence they came, and to what other 
 family of the earth they are allied, or whether they were origi- 
 nally created a distinct people in the forest wilds of America, have 
 been questions much mooted among the learned and unlearned 
 of modern times, but thus far have elicted only hypotheses in 
 reply. The most common supposition is, however, that the 
 Indians are a derivative race, sprung from one of the more ancient 
 people of Asia, and that they came to this continent by way of 
 Behring's Strait, and this, doubtless, is the true theory. 
 
 The tribes with whom the first settlers of Missouri came 
 principally in contact were the Pottawattomies, the lowas, the 
 Kickapoos, the Sacs and the Foxes. 
 
 OTHER RACES. 
 
 The ancient cities of Central America, judging from their 
 magnificent ruins, consisting of broken columns, fallen arches 
 and the crumbling walls of temples, palaces and pyramids, 
 which, in some places, bestrew the ground for miles, must have 
 been of great extent, magnificent and very populous. When the 
 vast period of time necessary to erect such colossal structures, 
 and the time required to reduce them to their present ruined 
 state are considered, something can be conceived of their antiq- 
 uity. These edifices must have been old before many of the 
 ancient cities of the Orient were built, and they point, without 
 doubt, to a civilization at once considerably advanced and very 
 far removed from the present. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 43 
 
 THE MOUND-BUILDEES. 
 
 Of a much less degree of culture, but reaching back into an 
 antiquity so remote as to have left behind no vestige of tradi- 
 tion, the Mound-Builders present themselves to the archseologist 
 as a half-civilized people who once occupied Missouri and vari- 
 ous other parts of the country now included in the United States. 
 This pre-historic race has acquired its name from the numerous 
 large mounds of earth left by them. Remains of what were ap- 
 parently villages, altars, temples, idols, burial places, monuments, 
 camps, fortifications and pleasure grounds have been found, but 
 nothing showing that any material save earth was used in the 
 construction of their habitations. At first these works were sup- 
 posed to be of Indian origin, but careful examination has re- 
 vealed the fact that — despite several adverse theories — they must 
 have been reared by a people as distinct from the North Ameri- 
 can Indian as were those later people of Central America. Up- 
 on making excavations in these mounds, human skeletons were 
 found with skulls differing from those of the Indians, together 
 with pottery and various ornaments and utensils, showing con- 
 siderable mechanical skill. From the comparatively nude state 
 of the arts among them, however, it has been inferred that the 
 time of then" migration to this country, if indeed they did mi- 
 grate, was very remote. Their axes were of stone, their raiment, 
 judging from fragments which have been discovered, consisted 
 of the bark of trees interwoven with feathers, and their military 
 works were such as a people would erect who had just passed to 
 the pastoral state of society from that dependent alone upon hunt- 
 ing and fishing. They were, no doubt, idolaters, and it has been 
 conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The 
 mounds were generally built in a situation affording a view of 
 the rising sun; when enclosed in walls their gateways were toward 
 the east; the caves in which their dead were occasionally buried 
 always opened in the same direction ; when bodies were buried in 
 graves, as was frequently the case, they were laid in a direction 
 east and west, and, finally, medals have been found representing 
 the sun and his rays of light. 
 
 The mounds and other ancient earth-works constructed by 
 this people are far more abundant than is generally supposed, 
 
44 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 from the fact that while some are quite large, the greater part 
 of them are small and inconspicuous. Along nearly all the 
 water courses, that are large enough to be navigated by a canoe, 
 the mounds are almost invariably found, so that when one places 
 himself in such positions as to command the grandest river 
 scenery he is almost sure to discover that he is standing upon one 
 of these ancient fumuli, or in close proximity thereto. 
 
 St. Louis was originally known as the " Mound City," from 
 the extent and variety of the curious monuments found there, and 
 althoueh these, as well as numbers of others scattered over vari- 
 ous parts of the State, have been defaced or entirely obliterated, 
 Missouri still presents an imusually fruitful field of investigation 
 to the archfeologist. This is particxilarly true of the southeastern 
 counties, especially in the region of New Madrid. 
 
 Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the antiquities of the West 
 in 1817, speaking of the mounds in the Mississippi Valley, says: 
 " I have sometimes been induced to think, that, at the period 
 when they were constructed, there was a population here as nu- 
 merous as that which once animated the borders of the Nile or 
 Euphrates, or of Mexico. I am perfectly satisfied that cities 
 similar to those of ancient Mexico, of several hundred thousand 
 souls, have existed in this country." 
 
 EAELY DISCOVEBIES AND EXPLOKEKS. 
 
 Ferdinand T)e Soto, a Spanish cavalier, who had been associ- 
 ated with Pizarro in the conquet of Peru, but whose ambition 
 and cupidity were only increased by his success in that country, 
 determined to possess himself also of the boundless wealth re- 
 puted to lie hidden in the mines of Florida. Undismayed by the 
 fate of other adventurers, he equipped at his own expense a band 
 of 700 men, or more, and landed in Tampa Bay, in the spring of 
 1539. Thence, in spite of hostile Indians, he forced his way to 
 the northwest, and, although not finding gold or precious 
 stones, he made himself immortal as the discoverer, in 1541, of 
 the Mississippi Eiver. The point at which De Soto first saw the 
 Mississippi was at the lower Chickasaw Bluffs, a few miles below 
 Memphis. There he constructed boats, and, after crossing the 
 stream, proceeded up its west bank, and made his way into the re- 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 45 
 
 gion now known as New Madrid, in Missouri. At this point 
 therefore, and at tliis time, the first European set foot on the soil 
 of Missouri. In 1542, overcome by disease, privation and dis- 
 couragement, De Soto died, and those of his followers who re- 
 mained, having secretly sunk his body in the Mississippi, lest the 
 Indians should discover his death, floated down the river to the 
 Gulf of Mexico, and returned to their homes. The design of the 
 expedition had been conquest as a means of acquiring gold, and 
 it left behind no traces of civilization. 
 
 MARQUETTE. 
 
 While Spain had turned her attention to the conquest of 
 Mexico, South America, the West Indies and Florida, and En- 
 glish colonists had made feeble beginnings in Virginia and New 
 England, the French, advancing still farther north, had possessed 
 themselves of the St. Lawrence River, and were fast pushing 
 their way into the interior by way of the great lakes. Jacques 
 Marquette, a Jesuit missionary, belonging to an ancient family 
 of France, arrived in Canada at a time when the public mind was 
 much exercised upon the subject of exploring the Mississippi 
 Kiver. A plan of operations was accordingly arranged, and 
 Louis Joliet, a native of Canada, joined Father Marquette at the 
 Jesuit mission on the Straits of Mackinaw, and with five other 
 Frenchmen and a simple outfit, the daring explorers, on the 17th 
 of May, 1673, set out on their perilous voyage to re-discover the 
 great river. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Mich- 
 igan they entered Green Bay, and passed thence up Fox River 
 and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Muscatines ("Mascou- 
 tens") and Miamis, where great interest was taken in the expe- 
 dition by the natives. Procuring guides they proceeded up the 
 river. Arriving at a portage between the Fox and Wisconsin, 
 they soon carried their light canoes and scanty baggage to the 
 latter stream, about three miles distant. Their guides now 
 refused to accompany them further, and endeavored, by reciting 
 the dangers incident to the voyage, to induce them to return. 
 They stated that huge demons dwelt in the great river, whose 
 voices could be heard a long distance, and who engulfed in the 
 raging waters all who came within their reach. They also rep- 
 
46 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 resented that if any of them should escape the dangers of the 
 river, fierce tribes of Indians dwelt upon its banks ready to com- 
 plete the work of destruction. The explorers proceeded on their 
 journey, however, and on the 17th of June, with joy inexpressi- 
 ble, pushed their frail barks out on the bosom of the stately Mis- 
 sissippi, 132 years after its first discovery by De Soto. Journey- 
 ing down the mysterious stream, which Marquette named the 
 "Conception," they passed the mouth of the Illinois, Missouri 
 and Ohio, landing at various places, and, after proceeding up the 
 Arkansas a short distance, at the advice of the natives, they 
 turned their faces northward. After several weeks of hard toil 
 they reached the Illinois, up which stream they proceeded to 
 Lake Michigan, and entered Green Bay in September of the 
 same year, having traveled a distance of 2,500 miles in a little 
 more than four months. 
 
 LA SALLE. 
 
 About the time of Marquette's return, Robert de La Salle, a 
 native of Normandy, set about discovering a northwest passage 
 to China and Japan, the scientific men of that time generally 
 coinciding in the belief that such a passage existed in the direc- 
 tion of the Great Lakes. He was accompanied from France by an 
 Italian named Tonti, and was joined in his enterprise by Louis 
 Hennepin, a Franciscan fi'iar of a bold and ambitious disposi- 
 tion. After various hindrances and perils, they an-ived at the 
 present site of Peoria on the Illinois River, where they built a 
 fort, which, on account of their many vicissitudes, they named 
 Creve Coeur, or Broken Heart. There they separated, Hennepin 
 turning northward to discover, if possible, the source of the Mis- 
 sissipj^i ; La Salle, after visiting Canada, to perfect his arrange - 
 ments, descending that river in search of its mouth, and Tonti 
 remaining at Creve Coeur in command of men and supplies left 
 at that point. La Salle reached the junction of the Illinois and 
 Mississippi Rivers, in February, 1682, and, on the 5th of April fol- 
 lowing, passed safely through one of the three channels by which 
 the latter stream discharges its waters into the Gulf of Mexico. 
 Three days afterward, with the most imposing ceremonies. La 
 Salle took formal possession of the country in the name of Louis 
 XIV, the reigning king of France, in whose honor he named it 
 
HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 47 
 
 Louisiana. The region thus acquired by the French embraced 
 territory on both sides of the Mississippi, and, comprising rather 
 indefinite limits, included the present States of Louisiana, Mis- 
 sissippi, Tennessee, Arkansas and Missouri. 
 
 La Salle subsequently returned to Canada, thence to France, 
 and led an expedition to the Gulf of Mexico for the purpose of 
 entering the Mississippi at its mouth, and establishing settle- 
 ments in Louisiana. Being unable to find the mouth of the river, 
 he landed upon the coast of Texas, and, after some fruitless wan- 
 derings, was shot by one of his own disaffected followers. How- 
 ever, he had effectually opened the way for the French occupancy 
 of the Mississippi Valley. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 Within a few years after the death of La Salle forts and colo- 
 nies were located at Biloxi Bay, Mobile, Natchez, New Orleans 
 and other points farther north. It is a fact worthy of notice that 
 the first French settlements, all of which were projected in the in- 
 terest of gold and silver mining, were confined entirely to the 
 eastern bank of the river. It was not until 1705 that the Mis- 
 souri Biver was explored as far as the mouth of the Kansas. 
 
 In 1720 Renault, the son of a French iron founder, came to 
 Louisiana for the purpose of engaging in gold and silver mining. 
 He brought with him from France 200 miners and artificers, 
 and purchased 500 slaves at the island of St. Domingo. Pro- 
 ceeding up the Mississippi River, he established himself at Fort 
 Chartres, about ten or fifteen miles above the present site of Ste. 
 Genevieve, on the ojoposite bank of the stream. From this point 
 he dispatched miners to "prospect" for the precious metals, and 
 they crossed the river to the west bank, and explored what is now 
 Ste. Genevieve County. Although Renault failed to discover 
 either gold or silver, he found lead ore in great abundance, and 
 having built rude furnaces for smelting it, conveyed it on pack- 
 horses to Fort Chartres, and thence by boat to New Orleans and 
 France. 
 
 The date of the actual settlement of Ste. Genevieve is dis- 
 puted by historians, though all agree that it was the first in the 
 State of Missouri. There is some evidence to support the theory 
 
48 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 that there might have been inhabitants at this place as early as 
 1735. The cultivation of tobacco, indigo, rice and silk had al- 
 ready been introduced into the southern part of the province of 
 Louisiana, the lead mines of Missouri were opened, and the cul- 
 ture of wheat was commenced in Illinois. In the meantime the 
 French were firmly establishing their power in the Northwest. By 
 the middle of the eighteenth century (1750) they had control of 
 all the water routes leading from the great lakes to the valley of 
 the Mississippi. ' They had more than sixty military stations fi-om 
 Lake Ontario by way of Green Bay and the Illinois River, the 
 Wabash and Maumee Rivers, down the Mississippi to New Orleans. 
 
 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 
 
 The French had formed the grand design of establishing a 
 magnificent empire in the interior of the continent, which should 
 have abundant and uninterrupted intercourse with the outside 
 world by means of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence and 
 Mississippi Rivers. The English, whose colonies were scattered 
 up and down on the Atlantic coast, claimed the right to extend 
 their possessions as far westward as they chose. As long as the 
 latter nation confined itself to the eastern part of the country 
 there was little reason for controversy. As soon, however, as the 
 English became acquainted with the beautiful and fertile Mis- 
 sissippi Valley, they not only learned the value of the vast terri- 
 tory, but also resolved to set up a counter-claim to the soil. The 
 French, besides establishing numerous military and trading posts 
 from the frontiers of Canada to New Orleans, in order to confirm 
 their claims to jurisdiction over the country, had carved the lilies 
 of France on the forest trees, or sunk plates of metal in the 
 ground. These measures did not, however, deter the English 
 from going on with their explorations; and though neither party 
 resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a 
 question of time when the storm should burst upon the frontier 
 settlement. The French based their claims upon discoveries, the 
 English on grants of territory extending from ocean to ocean, 
 but neither party paid the least attention to the prior claims of 
 the Indians. From this position of affairs, it was evident that 
 actual collision between the contending parties would not much 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 49 
 
 longer be deferred. The Euglisli Government, in anticipation of 
 a war, urged the governor of Virginia to lose no time in building 
 two forts, which were equipped with arms fi-om England. The 
 French anticipated the English, and gathered a considerable force 
 to defend their possessions. The governor determined to send a 
 messenger to the nearest French post, to demand an explanation. 
 This resolution brought into the history of our country, for the 
 first time, the man of all others whom America most loves to 
 honor, namely, George Washington. He was chosen, although 
 not yet twenty-one years of age, as the one to perform this deli- 
 cate and difficult mission. With five companions he ^et out on 
 November 10, 1753, and after a perilous journey returned Janii- 
 ary 6, 1754. The struggle could not, however, be averted by diplo- 
 macy. It commenced, continued long, and was bloody and fierce; 
 but on October 10, 1765, the ensign of France was displaced on the 
 ramparts of Fort Chartres, by the flag of Great Britain. This fort 
 was the depot of supplies, and the place of rendezvous for the 
 united forces of the French, and was then the best built and most 
 convenient fort in North America. In subsequent years the 
 Mississij)pi reached and undermined its west wall ; the inhabit- 
 ants of Kaskaskia carried away much of the remaining portions 
 for building material, and at the present day nothing remains of 
 it but a ruin in the midst of a dense forest. 
 
 Although, as has been already seen, Fort Chartres was not 
 occupied by the English until 1765, the treaty which terminated 
 what is known as the French and Indian War had been arranged 
 late in 1762. According to its stipulations France ceded to Eng- 
 land all of her possessions in Canada and east of the Mississippi, 
 and to Spain all that part of the province of Louisiana lying 
 west of the same, which, although really belonging to Spain, 
 remained under French laws and jurisdiction until 1768. 
 
 THE FOUNDING OF ST. LOUIS. 
 
 In the year 1762 M. D'Abadie, who was at that time 
 director general and civil and military commandant of Louisiana, 
 granted to a certain company the exclusive right to trade with 
 the Indians of Missouri, and indeed of the whole northwest, for 
 a term of eight years. At the head of this company was M. 
 
50 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Pierre Laclede Liguest, Laclede as lie is generally known, a man 
 of ability, foresight and experience. He left New Orleans in 
 August, 1763, and arrived in Missouri the following November. 
 It will be remembered that all the French settlements except 
 that at Ste. Genevieve were on the east side of the river, and 
 consequently included in the territory ceded to England. At 
 the one small village west of the Mississippi there was no build- 
 ing large enough to contain one quarter of M. Laclede's mer- 
 chandise. M. De Neyon, the commandant at Fort Chartres, hear- 
 ing of Laclede's dilemma, offered him room for his goods until 
 the occupation of the fort by the English. Laclede readily 
 availed himself of this generous offer and repaired to Fort 
 Chartres, where he deposited his effects, and then turned his 
 attention to finding a site, near the Missouri Biver, suitable for 
 bis enterprise. Ste. Genevieve he rejected both on account of its 
 distance from that stream and its unhealtful situation. Accom- 
 panied by his stepson, a lad of fourteen named August Chouteau, 
 he explored the region thoroughly and fix^ed upon the place of 
 his settlement. Upon returning to the fort, he assured De Neyon 
 and his ofiicers that he had found a situation where he would form 
 a settlement, which might become, hereafter, "one of the finest 
 cities of America." Thus readily did his sagacious mind appre- 
 ciate the advantages of this location. Navigation being open, 
 early in the February of 1764 Laclede sent thirty men in charge of 
 Chouteau to the place designated, with orders to clear the land, 
 build a large shed to shelter the tools and provisions, and also 
 erect some small cabins for the men. On the 14th of February the 
 work was commenced. Early in April, Laclede himself arrived, 
 chose the place for his own house, laid out a plan for his village and 
 named it Saint Louis, in honor of Louis XV, not knowing that 
 the territory had already been transferred to Spain, and then 
 hastened back to Fort Chartres to remove his goods, as the En- 
 glish garrison was daily expected. 
 
 When, in 1765, Capt. Sterling in command of the English 
 troops, a company of highlanders, actually took possession of 
 the fort, St. Ange, French commandant at the time, removed 
 with his officers and men to St. Louis, which was recognized as 
 the capital of Upper Louisiana. M. D'Abadie had died, and 
 
HI8T0EY OF MISSOURI. 51 
 
 M. Aubry was acting governor at New Orleans. Receiving, 
 probably, the sanction of this latter gentleman, St. Ange at once 
 assumed the reins of government at St. Louis, and so liberal was 
 the spirit in which he conducted affairs that a stream of immigra- 
 tion soon set in from Canada and Lower Louisiana. 
 
 DEATH OF PONTIAC. 
 
 At the time of the founding of St. Louis, the Ottawa chieftain, 
 Pontiac, was in the enjoyment of his greatest fame. At the 
 breaking out of the war between France and England, he had 
 allied himself with the former country, which had at all times 
 followed a conciliatory policy with the Indians, and he had 
 achieved some brilliant exploits at the ambuscade near Pittsburgh 
 (1755) which resulted in Braddock's defeat, and on other occa- 
 sions. He had subsequently formed a confederacy of all the 
 western tribes, and had endeavored, by one general and combined 
 movement to sweep the English settlers from the country west of 
 the AUeghanies. In this effort he was so far successful that, at 
 one time, every English fort in the west, except Niagara, Fort 
 Pitt and Detroit had fallen into the hands of the savages. St. 
 Ange, hating the English and dreading their encroachments, 
 was proportionately friendly to Pontiac, whom he invited to St. 
 Louis in 1769. Here the chief was received in the most flatter- 
 ing manner, and was warmly welcomed by the principal citi- 
 zens. Soon, however, it became apparent that Pontiac's plans 
 were doomed to failure. 
 
 Tribe after tribe had forsaken him ; his powerful allies, the 
 French, were conquered, and his most trusted friends among the 
 latter counseled him to give up the unequal contest. He en- 
 deavored to drown his disappointment in drink, and in spite of 
 the remonstrances of St. Ange, sank lower and lower in debauch- 
 ery. Finally, while in a state of intoxication, he was assassinated 
 at Cahokia by a Kaskaskia Indian. His body was interred with 
 great pomp near the tower at the intersection of Walnut and 
 Fourth Streets. St. Ange, himself, lies buried near, but nothing 
 is left to mark either grave. Houses have been built above them, 
 and but few persons even know that these remains repose in the 
 midst of the great city. 
 
52 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 SPANISH RULE. 
 
 Tbe transfer of Louisiana to Spain was a source of great sor- 
 row to the inhabitants of the province, and at St. Louis this 
 feeling was deepened to one of horror when it became known that 
 Don Alexander O'Beilly had arrived at New Orleans with 3,000 
 men, and, upon the inhabitants of that city making armed resist- 
 ance to his authority, had executed several of the ringleaders of 
 the revolt and imprisoned others. The new commandant-general 
 soon established his authority at New Orleans, and in 1770 sent 
 Don Pedio Piernas to St. Louis as lieutenant-governor-. This 
 official showed himself master of the situation by treating the 
 terrified inhabitants with the utmost consideration, securing the 
 friendship of St. Ange, whom lie made a captain of infantry, and 
 establishing all the grants of land which the latter had bestowed. 
 St. Ange died soon after. Piernas was succeeded by Francisco 
 Cruzat, and he by Don Ferdinando Leyba. During the early 
 part of Leyba's administration, Laclede died while on an expedi- 
 tion to New Orleans, and was buried at the mouth of the Arkansas 
 Eiver. His grave, also, is unknown, and probably has long ere 
 this been washed into the stream. 
 
 THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 War had already been commenced between Great Britain and 
 her American colonies, and Washington, who had been active in 
 the service of England against the French, was now in command 
 of the forces opposed to English tyranny. On the breaking out 
 of the Revolution, the British held every important jMst in the 
 West. The Indians, jealous of the rapid extension of American 
 settlement westward, and aroused to action by the English, be- 
 came the allies of the latter, and while the colonies at the East 
 were struggling against the armies of the mother country, the 
 western frontiers were ravaged by the savages, often led by 
 British commanders. To prevent indiscriminate slaughter in the 
 West, some of the most daring exploits connected with American 
 history were planned and executed. The hero of the achieve- 
 ments by which this region was snatched as a gem from the 
 British crown, was Gen. George Rogers Clark, of Virginia. He 
 had closely watched the movements of the English throughout 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOCKI. 53 
 
 the Northwest, and understood their jjlans ; he also knew that the 
 Indians wei'e not unanimously in accord with them, and that, 
 although the forts were in control of the English, the inhabit- 
 ants were mostly French, and retained much of their old hos- 
 tility against their conquerors, while sympathizing with the 
 colonies. He was convinced that American soldiers would be wel- 
 comed and aided, as far as possible, by the French settlers, and 
 that the English garrisons once driven out, the natives might be 
 easily awed into neutrality. Patrick Henry was governor of 
 Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The 
 latter proceeded to Pittsburgh, raised his small army west of the 
 Alleghauies, as he well knew the colonies needed all the available 
 men farther east, for the conflict there. His plan was to go by 
 water as far as Fort Massac, and thence march direct to Kaskas- 
 kia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its 
 capture to proceed to Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to 
 Detroit. Each of these posts was in turn captured, and the 
 plans of the English in the "West entirely overthrown. 
 
 In the meantime, although the settlement at St. Louis was 
 under the jurisdiction of Spain, it was well known that the sym- 
 pathies of that country were identified with the colonies, and 
 therefore the inhabitants of the little city were in constant 
 dread of attacks from the Indians. Hearing rumors, also, of a 
 threatened assault by the British, they at once began to fortify 
 the place. A wall of brush and clay, five feet in height, with 
 three gates, was built, encircling the town, the extremes termi- 
 nating at the river. A small fort, which was afterward used as 
 a prison, was also built. At each of the gates a piece of 
 ordnance was mounted, and kept in constant readiness for use. 
 These preparations were made in the summer and fall of 1779. 
 No attack was made during the winter, and the people of St. 
 Louis were almost beginning to hope their precautions unneces- 
 sary, when in May, bands of Ojibways, Winnebagos, Sioux and 
 other tribes began to gather on the east side of the river, pre- 
 paring to fall upon the settlement on the 26th of the month. 
 These savages were instigated by Canadian fur traders, and com- 
 manded by officers from the British fort at Michilimackinac. 
 
 On May 25, which was the festival of Corpus Christi, a por- 
 
54 HI8T0KY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 tion of the Indians crossed the river, but made no assault, an 
 extremely fortunate circumstance, as many of the citizens, to- 
 gether with their wives and children, were outside of the wall, 
 and scattered about over the prairie, gathering strawberries. 
 The following day the entire force of savages stole silently across 
 the river, and crept to the rear of the town, expecting to find 
 some of the inhabitants working in the fields. Near what is 
 now the fair grounds, at the " Cardinal Springs," they surprised 
 the man from whom the spring was named and another person 
 called Riviere. The former they killed, and took the latter pris- 
 oner. A few other settlers were surprised and massacred. 
 
 On account of his misconduct at this time, Leyba was removed 
 from office and Francisco Cruzat once more placed in authority at 
 St. Louis. During the administration of Cruzat, the town was 
 thoroughly fortified, but was not subjected to another attack, 
 although other settlements on the Mississippi and Missouri Elvers 
 were often harassed by the Indians even after the close of the war. 
 
 THE YEAR OF THE GREAT WATERS. 
 
 In 1785 occurred a sudden and remarkable rise in the Missis- 
 sippi River, which caused great alarm and considerable loss of 
 property to the inhabitants of St. Louis and the adjacent settle- 
 ments. Cahokia and Kaskaskia were menaced with entire 
 destruction. Ste. Genevieve, which was located at first in the 
 river bottom, three miles south or southeast of its present site, 
 was completely inundated, and the inhabitants, unwilling to risk 
 a repetition of the disaster, removed to higher ground and founded 
 the present town, which therefore dates from 1785. Most of the 
 buildings in St. Louis were then situated on Main Street, and 
 the rise of the river above the steep bank occasioned extreme 
 anxiety and terror. The flood subsiding, however, nearly as 
 rapidly as it had risen, the inhabitants returned to their houses, 
 and business was speedily resumed. This year received the 
 name of " L'annee des Grandes Eaux," or " The year of the Great 
 Waters." Other remarkable floods occasioning loss of life and 
 property, and involving St. Louis and other river towns of Mis- 
 souri, have occasionally occurred, most destructive among which 
 may be mentioned those of ISli, 1851, 1875 and 1881. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 55 
 
 1785-1800. 
 Cruzat was succeeded in office by Manuel Perez, who be- 
 stowed a large tract of land in the neighborhood of Cape Girar- 
 deau upon fi'iendly Indians of the Pawnee and Delaware tribes, in 
 return they agreeing to aid the young settlements in repelling the 
 incursions of the hostile Osage Indians. Trudeau, who succeeded 
 Perez, devised and carried out many improvements at St. Louis, and 
 stimulated in a great measure the fur traffic, and by this means 
 encouraged traders to penetrate the wilderness, and make further 
 expeditions on the Missouri River. The administration of Tru- 
 deau was followed by that of Delassus, who, in 1799, ordered that 
 a census be taken of the settlements in Upper Louisiana or "West- 
 ern Illinois, as Missouri was sometimes called. Accordins: to 
 this census, the total number of inhabitants in the settlements 
 was 6,028. Of these 4,948 were white; 197 free colored, and 
 883 slaves. St. Louis had a population of 925 ; Ste. Genevieve, 
 949; St. Charles, 875; New Madrid, 782; New Bourbon, 560; 
 Cape Girardeau, 521; St. Ferdinand, 276; St. Andrew, 393; 
 Carondelet, 184; Meremac, 115; Little Meadows, 72. 
 
 LOUISIANA PURCHASED BY THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 In 1801 Napoleon Bonaparte made a treaty with Spain, known 
 in tlie annals as the treaty of San Ildefonso, the conditions of 
 which were that Spain should surrender to France all the region 
 known as Louisiana west of the Mississippi River, in return for 
 certain assistance which she expected to receive from the great 
 warrior in her European afPairs. It was not, however, until 1803, 
 that M. Laussat, a French officer, was placed in authority at New 
 Orleans. Although Napoleon fully realized the immense value 
 of his acquisition, it was on many accounts an occasion of per- 
 plexity. In the first place, the American Government regarded 
 with a jealous eye this attempt of the French to re-establish 
 themselves in Louisiana; and the English, who had control of 
 the seas, made it extremely difficult for men and equipments to 
 be conveyed into the country; and rather than have it wrested 
 from him by this powerful foe, he determined to tantalize the 
 mother country by adding it to the possessions of the young 
 nation, which had succeeded in maintaining its independence in the 
 
56 HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 face of her aiithority. Accordingly, he accepted an offer made 
 by the United States, and the transfer was accomplished during the 
 administration of Thomas Jefferson. In December, 1803, M. 
 Laussat, the French commandant, who had but just acquired juris- 
 diction of Louisiana from Spain, conveyed it to Gov. Claiborne 
 and Gen. Wilkinson, commissioners appointed by the United 
 States. The price paid for this purchase was $15,000,000, in- 
 cluding various claims, the payment of which was assumed by 
 the American Government. 
 
 At St. Louis the French flag was in the ascendant only one 
 day, Capt. Stoddard, the representative of France, receiving pos- 
 session of the territory at the hands of Delassus, the Spanish 
 governor, on March 9, 1804, and transferring, his authority to 
 the United States on the following day. 
 
 THE DISTEICT OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 On the 26th of March, 1804, Congress f assed an act separat- 
 ing the province of Louisiana into two parts — the southern 
 of which was designated as " The Territory of Orleans," and 
 the northern " The District of Louisiana." This latter included 
 all of the province north of " Hope Encampment," a place 
 near Chickasaw Bluffs, and embraced within its boundaries the 
 present States of Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa, a large part of 
 Minnesota, and all the vast region extending westward to the 
 Pacific Ocean, excepting the territory claimed by Spain. 
 
 The executive power of the Government in the Territory of 
 Indiana was extended over the district of Louisiana or " Upper 
 Louisiana" as it was popularly called. Gen. William Henry 
 Harrison, then governor of Indiana, assisted by Judges Griffin, 
 Vanderberg and Davis, represented the authority of the United 
 States, under the provisions of the act of 1804, and, during the 
 following winter, courts of justice were held in the old fort, near 
 Fifth and Walnut Streets in St. Louis. 
 
 THE TEREITOEY OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 On the 3d of March, 1805, by another act of Congress, the 
 Territory of Louisiana was regularly organized, and President 
 Jefferson appointed Gen. James Wilkinson, governor, and Fred- 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 57 
 
 erick Bates, secretary. Gov. Wilkinson together with Judges 
 K. J. Meigs and John B. C. Lucas, constituted the Legislature 
 of this almost boundless territory. Gov. Wilkinson was visited 
 in 1805, by Aaron Burr, when the latter was planning his dar- 
 ing conspiracy against the United States. 
 
 In 1807 Capt. Merriwether Lewis, o£ the famous Lewis and 
 Clark expedition, was appointed Governor, but in 1809 in Lewis 
 County, Tenn., he committed suicide at the age of thirty -five, by 
 shooting himself with a pistol, and President Madison designated 
 Gen. Benjamin Howard, of Lexington, Ky., as governor in his 
 stead. Gov. Howard served as brigadier-general in the War 
 of 1812, and died in 1814. Howard County was named in his 
 honor. 
 
 LEWIS AND Clark's expedition. 
 
 After the purchase of Louisiana, President Jefferson, anxious 
 to prove the value of that immense tract which had come into 
 peaceful possession of the United States, planned an expedition 
 for the purpose of exploring the country from the Mississippi to 
 the Pacific Ocean. The expedition was organized with Merri- 
 wether Lewis, Mr. Jefferson's private secretary, at its head, 
 assisted by Capt. William Clark, of the American army. With 
 a small party, these indomitable explorers ascended the Missouri 
 River as far as Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin, which they 
 named in honor of the President, Secretary of State and Secretary 
 of the Treasury, respectively, followed the Jefferson to its source, 
 crossed the Rocky Mountains, navigated the Columbia River, and 
 returned to St. Loiais, in September, 1806, after an absence of two 
 years and four months, having overcome innumerable hardships 
 and difficulties, and traveled nearly 6,000 miles. Lewis, as 
 has been already noted, was appointed Governor of the Ter- 
 ritory of Louisiana, which oflice he filled until his untimely and 
 tragical death. 
 
 Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike also organized two successful 
 exploring parties, one of which in 1805 discovered the sources 
 of the Mississippi, and the other, in the two succeeding years, 
 the sources of the Arkansas, Kansas, Platte and Pierre Jaune 
 (Yellowstone) Rivers, and penetrated the Spanish Provinces. 
 Pike's Peak was named from this explorer. The county of Pike, 
 
 4 
 
58 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 in this State, was named in honor of Lieut. Pike, who rose to 
 the rank of brigadier-general in the War of 1812, and was killed 
 at York, Canada, in 1813. 
 
 EARTHQUAKES AT NEW MADRID. 
 
 New Madrid has been rendered famous by the great earth- 
 quake of 1811-12. This place was, originally, one of the old 
 Spanish forts, and lies about seventy miles below the mouth of 
 the Ohio River. It was settled immediately after the close of the 
 Revolutionary War by families from Virginia and the Carolinas, 
 and was growing rapidly in wealth and population when its prog- 
 ress was arrested by that frightful calamity which affected not 
 only the county of New Madrid, but also the adjacent country on 
 both sides of the Mississippi. Streams were turned from their 
 channels or dried up; hills, forests and plains disappeared, and 
 lakes (one of which was sixty or seventy miles in length, and 
 from three to twenty in breadth) were formed in their places; 
 vast heaps of sand were scattered in various places, and whole 
 tracts of land sank below the level of the surrounding country. 
 Short extracts from the description of Mr. Godfi'ey Lesieur, who 
 was an eye-witness of the scene, are quoted: 
 
 " The first shock was about 2 o'clock A. M., on the night of 
 December 16, 1811, and was very hard, shaking down log houses, 
 chimneys, etc. It was followed at intervals, from half an hour 
 to an hour apart, by comparatively slight shocks, until about 7 
 o'clock in the morning, when a rumbling noise was heard in the 
 west, not unlike distant thunder, and in an instant the earth 
 began to totter and shake so that no persons were able to stand or 
 walk. This lasted a minute; then the earth was observed to be 
 rolling in waves of a few feet in height, with a visible depression 
 between. These swells burst, throwing up large volumes of 
 water, sand and a species of charcoal, some of which was partly 
 covered with a substance, which, by its peculiar odor, was thought 
 to be sulphur. Where these swells burst, large, wide and long 
 fissures were left, running north and south parallel with each 
 other for miles. I have seen some four or five miles in length, 
 four and one-half feet deep on an average, and about ten feet 
 wide. 
 
HI8T0EY OF MISSOURI. 59 
 
 " After this, slight shocks were felt at intervals, until January 
 7, 1812, when the region was again visited by an earthquake 
 equal to the first in violence, and characterized by the same 
 frightful results." Mr. Lesieur says further that upon this 
 second visitation, the inhabitants, excepting two families, fled 
 from the coxmtry in dismay, leaving behind their stock, and even 
 many of their household goods, all of which were appropriated 
 by adventurers and carried away in flat-boats. The last violent 
 shock occurred on the 17th of February, 1812. 
 
 During these terrible earthquakes, but two among the set- 
 tlers were killed, both of whom were women, but many of the 
 boatmen on the river must have perished. An act of Congress 
 for the relief of the New Madrid sufferers was passed in 1817. 
 By its provisions, persons whose lands had been seriously dam- 
 aged by the earthquakes were allowed to locate a like quantity 
 upon any of the public lands of the State, provided that no 
 claims shoiild exceed 640 acres. This was the origin of the 
 " New Madrid Claims," of which speculators and sharpers gained 
 the chief benefit, the people many of them being uninformed as 
 to their exact privileges. 
 
 MISSOURI A TERRITORY. 
 
 The Territory of Missouri was organized by Congress, June 
 4, 1812, the first Council consisting of nine members, and the 
 House of thirteen.* Its real boundaries were the same as those 
 of the " Territory of Louisiana," but practically it consisted of 
 only the settled parts of Missouri, comprising four districts, as 
 follows: Cape Girardeau, embracing the territory between Tywap- 
 pity Bottom and Apple Creek ; Ste. Genevieve, extending from 
 Apple Creek to the Meramec River; St. Louis, including that part 
 of the State between the Meramec and Missouri Eivers, and St. 
 Charles, comprising the settled country between the Missouri and 
 Mississippi. 
 
 The legislative power of the Territory was vested in a Gov- 
 
 * These members were as follows: House: St Charles County — John Pilman and Roliert Spencer; 
 St. Louis County— David Music, Bernard (}. I-arrar, William C. Carr and Richard Caulk; Sle. Gene- 
 vieve County— George Bullett. Richard S Thomas and Isaac McGready; Cape Giiaideau— George 
 F. Bollinger'and Stephen Byrd; New Madrid— John Shrader and Samuel f^hillips. W. C. C:irr he- 
 carae speaker and Andrew Scott clerk. Council: St. Charles County — James F-iaugherty and Benj-t- 
 min Emmons; St. Louis County— Aiiguste Ch<>uleau. Sr., and Samuel Hammond; Sle Genevieve — 
 John Scott and James Maxwell; Cape Girardeau — William Neeley and George Cavener; New M.id- 
 rid — Joseph Hunter. 
 
60 HISTOKY Of MISSOUEI. 
 
 ernor, Legislative Council and House of Representatives. By the 
 same act the Territory was authorized to send one delegate to 
 Congress. In October of the same year the four districts, by 
 proclamation of Gov. Howard, were reorganized into five counties, 
 the fifth being called New Madrid, and included Arkansas. An 
 election of a delegate to Congress, and members of the Territorial 
 House of Eepresentatives was held in the following November. 
 Capt. William Clark, the associate explorer of Capt. Lewis, 
 was appointed by the President as Governor, and entered upon his 
 duties in 1813. He continued to occupy the gubernatorial chair 
 until the admission of the State into the Union, and died in St. 
 Louis in 1838. 
 
 Edward Hempstead was chosen the first delegate to Congress. 
 It was mainly owing to his efforts that an act was passed by that 
 body confirming to the people of Missouri the titles of their lands 
 derived from Spanish grants, and also providing that " all village 
 lots, out lots, or common field lots " held by them at the time of 
 the cession of Louisiana to the United States, should be retained 
 for school purposes. The real estate thus secm-ed to the city of 
 St. Louis alone, for educational purposes, was valued at $1,252,- 
 895.79. Col. Thomas F. Eiddick, who first originated the prop- 
 osition, rode to Washington on horseback to aid Mr. Hempstead 
 in obtaining the ratification of Congress. 
 
 WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN IN 1812. 
 
 Although the inhabitants of Missouri were far distant from 
 the principal scenes of conflict during the War of 1812, they par- 
 ticipated in many engagements with the Indians, and were obliged 
 to exercise ceaseless vigilance against their insidious foe. For 
 several years British traders had incited the savages against the 
 settlers, and had supplied the former with arms and ammunition. 
 In July, 1810, W. I. Cole and two other men at Loutre Island, 
 were killed while attempting to rescue property stolen by the 
 Pottawattomies. In 1815 the Sac and Fox Indians, who had 
 stolen horses from the same settlement, were followed by a party 
 of " rangers," with Capt. James Callaway, a grandson of Daniel 
 Boone, in command. Foiir of the pursuers, including Capt. 
 Callaway, were killed. 
 
 • ti 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. '61 
 
 In 1813 Fort Madison, Iowa, was abandoned by its garrison, 
 and burned, to save it from Indian occupation. During the 
 same year tlie scattered settlements in the present counties of 
 Montgomery, Lincoln and Pike were often plundered by the 
 Indians, under the renowed Black Hawk and other noted chiefs. 
 In St. Charles County there were many massacres, but at length 
 a number of forts were erected, which proved a sufficient protec- 
 tion against further outrages. The Boone's Lick country was 
 constantly harassed by tribes, who stole horses and murdered 
 the inhabitants. Living beyond the jurisdiction of any organized 
 county, these pioneers built forts, and defended themselves. 
 Sentinels kept guard while the fields were plowed, sown and 
 harvested, and upon the appearance of danger the people were 
 notified by means of signals, and hastened to the shelter of the 
 forts. 
 
 At Cote Sans Dessein (now Barkersville), on the Missouri 
 River in Callaway County, three men and two women successfully 
 withstood a protracted and determined siege of the Indians. 
 
 Of all the murders committed by the savages, none aroused 
 more indignation than that of Capt. Sarshell Cooper, who was 
 shot while sitting at his own fireside in Cooper's Fort, in the 
 Boone's Lick country, in 1814. An Indian crept to the wall 
 of Cooper's cabin, which also formed one side of the fort, and 
 made a small opening between the logs, through which the fatal 
 shot was fired. 
 
 THE " BOONE's lick COUNTRY." 
 
 Daniel Boone, famous in the annals of Kentucky and the 
 AVest, came to Louisiana about the year 1797. He renounced his 
 allegiance to the United States, became a Spanish subject, and 
 was appointed by Delassus commandant of the Femme Osage 
 District. When the province was transferred to the United States, 
 he again became an American citizen. At some time between the 
 years 1804 and 1808 he may very probably have hunted through 
 Howard County, and discovered the salt springs there. During 
 the summer of 1807, Boone's sons, Nathan and Daniel M., visited 
 these springs and manufactured salt there, but there is no evidence 
 that the elder Boone ever resided, even temporarily, at the place. 
 Tbe settlement afterward made was called Boone's Lick and a 
 
t')2 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 large region in that part of the State, the " Boone's Lick Country." 
 Boone County, organized in 1820, was named after the great 
 frontiersman, who died in September of that year at the residence 
 of his son, on Femme Osage Creek, in St. Charles County, aged 
 eighty-eight yeai's. 
 
 ENTEEPRISE AND ADVANCEMENT. 
 
 In 1814 the population of the Territory was about 25,000. 
 The country was rapidly settled and new counties were organized. 
 The Legislature of 1816-17 incorporated a board of trustees for 
 superintending schools in the " Town of St. Louis," the beginning 
 of the school system of that city. At the same session the old 
 "Bank of Missouri " was chartered, and in the fall of 1817 the 
 two banks, "St. Louis " and "Missouri," were issuing bills, the 
 former having gone into operation in 1814. 
 
 The first newspaper west of the Mississippi was published at 
 St. Louis, July 12, 1808. It was called the Missouri Gazette, 
 and was a diminutive sheet, measuring 12x16 inches. Although 
 this paper has undergone several changes of title it still lives 
 and flourishes as the Missouri Republican. The first newspaper 
 west of St. Louis was the Missouri Intelligencer, established at 
 Old Franklin, by Nathaniel Patton, in 1819, and subsequently 
 removed to Fayette. In 1818 a cathedral was commenced at St. 
 Louis, on the site of the old log church which had been erected 
 by the early French inhabitants, and in the same year the first 
 Protestant Church (Baptist) was built. 
 
 The first steamboat which ascended the Mississippi, above 
 the mouth of the Ohio, was the "Gen. Pike," Capt. Jacob Bead, 
 which lauded in St. Louis at the foot of Market Street August 
 2, 1817, and was received with every demonstration of delight. 
 The next was the "Constitution," Capt. R.T. Guyard, which arrived 
 in the October following. In 1819 the " Independence," Capt. 
 Nelson, from Louisville, Ky., navigated the Missouri as far a-s 
 Old Chariton, an abandoned town a short distance above Glas- 
 gow, and returning to Franklin took freight for Louisville. The 
 first steamboat on the Upper Mississippi wasthej"Gen. Putnam," 
 Moses D. Bates, captain, which made several trips between St. 
 Louis, and Galena, 111., during the summer of 1825. 
 
HI8T0EY OF MISSOURI. 63 
 
 In 1818 the Government of the United States projected the 
 celebrated Yellowstone expedition, the objects of which were 
 to ascertain whether the Missouri was navigable by steamboats^ 
 and to establish a line of forts from its mouth to the Yellow- 
 stone. This expedition left St. Louis in June, 1819. In the 
 same year Arkansas was formed into a separate Territory. 
 
 For convenience of reference a short table is appended of the 
 early settlements of Missouri, with the date of the establishment 
 of each in cases where it has been determined. 
 
 Names of Settlements. Dates. 
 
 Ste. Genevieve 1735 (?) 
 
 St. Louis 1764 
 
 Near St. Charles 1765 
 
 Portage des Sioux 1769 
 
 New Madrid 1780 
 
 New Bourbon 1789 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Big River Mills, St. Francois County 1796 
 
 Near Farmington, St. Francois County 1797 
 
 Perry County 1796 
 
 Bird's Point 1800 
 
 Norfolk 1800 
 
 Charleston 1801 
 
 Warren County 1801 
 
 Parkersville (Cote Sans Dessein) 1801 
 
 Loutre Island 1807 
 
 Boone's Lick 1807 
 
 Cooper's Bottom, Franklin County 1810 
 
 STATE ORGANIZATION. 
 
 In 1818, John Scott being delegate to Congress, the inhab- 
 itants of Missouri petitioned for admission into the Union of 
 States. The House of Representatives passed a bill to admit the 
 State without slavery, but, as the Senate refused to concur in 
 tliis anti-slavery clause, the bill failed. Subsequently the meas- 
 ure was amended so as to provide for the gradual restriction of 
 involuntary servitude, but the Senate refusing to endorse any 
 anti-slavery proviso whatever, and the House insisting on that 
 provision, the bill again failed. In 1820, while the matter was 
 still under discussion, Jesse B. Thomas, of Illinois, presented an 
 amendment, which settled for the time all differences between the 
 two Houses, and allowed Missouri to enter the Union with 
 
64 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 slavery. That amendment, famous in history as the " Missouri 
 Compromise," is as follows: 
 
 An Act to Authorize the People of the Missouki Territory to form a 
 Constitution and State Government, and for the Admission of such 
 State into the Union on an equal footing with the Original States, 
 and to Prohibit Slavery in certain Territories — Adopted March 
 G, 1820. 
 
 ********** 
 
 Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That in all that territory ceded by France 
 to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty- 
 six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of 
 the State contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise 
 than in the punishment of crimes whereof the parties shall have been duly 
 convicted, s/iall l>e and is hereby forever pruhibited. Provided always. That any 
 person escaping into the same, from^whom labor or service is lawfully claimed, 
 in any State or Territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully 
 reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or services as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Such was the " Missouri Compromise," one of the most im- 
 portant acts of American legislation. The pro-slavery senators 
 consented to this measure because they saw by the determination 
 of the House that they would be unable otherwise to secure the 
 admission of Missouri. 
 
 STATE CONVENTION. 
 
 Under the act of Congress, the people of the Territory of 
 Missouri, then organized into fifteen counties, were authorized to 
 hold an election in May, 1820, to choose representatives to a State 
 convention whose object should be the framing of a constitution. 
 Accordingly, forty-one representatives thus chosen convened 
 at St. Louis on June 12. The following are the names of the 
 members of the convention, together with the counties which 
 they represented: 
 
 Cape Girardeau — Stephen Byrd, James Evans, Richard S. 
 Thomas, Alexander Buckner, Joseph McFerron. 
 
 Cooper — Robert P. Clark, Robert Wallace, William Lillard. 
 
 Franklin — John G. Heath. 
 
 Howard — Nicholas S. Burkhartt, Duff Green, John Ray, Jon- 
 athan S. Fiudlay, Benjamin H. Reeves. 
 
 Jefferson — Daniel Hammond. 
 
 Lincoln — Malcolm Henry. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 65 
 
 Montgomery — Jonathan Kamsey, James Talbott. 
 
 Madison — Nathaniel Cook. 
 
 New Madrid — ^ Robert D. Dawson, Christopher G. Houts. 
 
 Pike — Stephen Cleaver. 
 
 St. Charles — Benjamin Emmons, Nathan Boone, Hiram H. 
 Barber. 
 
 Ste. Genevieve — John D. Cook, Henry Dodge, John Scott, E. 
 T. Brown. 
 
 St. Louis — David Barton, Edward Bates, Alexander McNair, 
 William Eector, John C. Sullivan, Pierre Chouteau, Jr., Bernard 
 Pratte, Thomas E. Eiddick. 
 
 Washington — John Eice Jones, Samuel Perry, John Hutch- 
 ings. 
 
 Wayne — Elijah Bettis. 
 
 David Barton was elected president of the convention and 
 William G. Pettis, secretary. 
 
 1*he constitution which the convention formed took effect 
 from the authority of the body itself, no provision having been 
 made to submit it to the vote of the people. It withstood the 
 mutations of parties and all efforts at material amendment from 
 the time of its adoption till the convention of 1865. 
 
 THE CLAY COMPKOMISE. 
 
 On the 16th of November, Mr. Scott laid before the House of 
 Eepresentatives at Washington a copy of the constitution of the 
 new State, whereupon a fresh debate arose, first, because the con- 
 stitution sanctioned slavery and, second, because one of its ar- 
 ticles especially enjoined that such laws should be passed as 
 might be necessary to prevent freemulattoes and negroes from 
 coming to or settling in the new State, under any pretext what- 
 soever. 
 
 The perils of the political situation becoming imminent, Mr. 
 Clay, of Kentucky, moved that twenty-three representatives, one 
 fi'om each State, be appointed to act jointly with the Senate com- 
 mittee, in an attempt to adjust the difficulty. Such a committee 
 was chosen with Mr. Clay as its chairman. The Senate also ap- 
 pointed seven of its members on the joint committee, which, on 
 February 26, 1821, reported to each House the following: 
 
6G HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Resolved hy the Senate and House of Bepresentatices of the United States of 
 America, in Gongress Assembled, That Missouri shall be admitted into this Union 
 on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever, upon the 
 fundamental condition that the fourth clause of the twenty-sixth section of 
 the third article of the constitution, submitted on the part of said State to Con- 
 gress, shall never be construed to authorize the passage of any law, and that 
 no law shall be passed in conformity thereto, by which any citizen of either 
 of the States in this Union shall be excluded from the enjoyment of anj' of the 
 privileges and immunities to which such citizen is entitled under the constitu- 
 tion of the United States. Provided, That the Legislature of said State, by a sol- 
 emn public act, shall declare the assent of the said State to the said funda- 
 mental condition, and shall transmit to the President of the United States, on 
 or before the fourth Monday in November next, an authentic copy of the said 
 act; upon the receipt whereof the President, by proclamation, shall announce the 
 fact; whereupon, and without any further proceeding on the part of Congress, 
 the admission of the said State into the Union shall be considered as complete. 
 
 The resolution was soon adopted by both Houses, and on the 
 26th of the following June the Legislature of Missouri adopted 
 an act declaring the assent of the State to the conditions of ad- 
 mission, and transmitted to the President a copy of the same. 
 August 10, 1821, after a struggle of two years and a half, the 
 admission of Missouri into the Union was announced by the proc- 
 lamation of President Monroe, and the State from that day took 
 rank as the twenty-fourth of the American Republic. 
 
 THE FIRST GENERAL .\SSEMBLY. 
 
 In anticipation of the admission of the State into the Union 
 a general election had been held on August 28, 1820. Alexan- 
 der McNair was chosen Governor ; William H. Ashley, lieutenant- 
 governor, and John Scott, representative to Congress. Senators 
 and representatives to the General Assembly (fourteen of the 
 former and forty-three of the latter) were also elected. This 
 body convened at St. Louis in September, and elected David Bar- 
 ton and Thomas H. Benton United States senators, although, as 
 the State was not formally admitted into the Union until the fol- 
 lowing August, they were not allowed to take their places until 
 December, 1821. Mr. Benton held the position of United States 
 senator for thirty consecutive years. 
 
 At this session of tlie Legislature were organized the coun- 
 ties of Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Cole, Gasconade, Lillard (af- 
 terward La Fayette), Perry, Ralls, Ray and Saline. The seat of 
 government was fixed at St. Charles, but was moved, in 1826, to 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 67 
 
 Jefferson City. AccordiDg to the first census taken in Septem- 
 ber, 1821, the population of the State was 70,647, of whom 
 11,254 were slaves. 
 
 EARLY WARS. 
 
 BLACK HAWK WAR. 
 
 In 1804 a treaty was concluded between the United States 
 and the chiefs of the Sac and Fox nations. One old warrior of 
 the Sacs, however, called Black Hawk, who had fought with great 
 bravery in the service of Great Britain during the War of 1812, 
 had always taken exception to this treaty, pronouncing it void. 
 In 1831 he established himself with a chosen band of braves 
 upon the disputed territory in Illinois, ordering the whites to 
 leave the country at once. Fifteen hundred volunteers from that 
 State, aided by Gen. Gaines, with a company of regulars, sur- 
 prised the Indians, and forced them into another treaty, by which 
 they ceded all their lands east of the Mississippi, and agreed to 
 remain" upon the other side of the river. Soon, however, a band of 
 these same Indians attacked a party of friendly Menominies en- 
 camped at Prairie du Chieu, murdering twenty-five and wound- 
 ing many others. Brig. -Gen. Atkinson, with a large detachment 
 of regular troops from Jefferson Barracks, was sent to chastise 
 the murderers who had thus flagrantly violated their treaty- 
 Upon this Black Hawk, with his adherents, recrossed the Missis- 
 sippi and established himself at Rock River. Keokuk was the 
 rightful chief of the Sacs -and Foxes, and with the majority of 
 his tribes remained true to their agreement with the United 
 States, but Black Hawk's followers were bent upon revenge and 
 plunder. May 14, 1832, a bloody engagement occurred near 
 Dixon's Ferry. On account of the proximity of these hostilities 
 to the Missouri border, and fearing an Indian invasion. Gov. Mil- 
 ler ordered Maj.-Gen. Richard Gentry, of Columbia, this State, 
 to raise 1,000 volunteers, prepared to start for the frontier at a 
 moment's warning. 
 
 Accordingly on May 29, 1832, orders were issued by Gen. 
 Gentry to Brig.-Gens. Benjamin Means, commanding the Seventh ; 
 Jonathan Riggs, the Eighth, and Jesse T. Wood, the Ninth 
 Brigade, Third Division, to raise, the first named 400 and each 
 of the last 300 men. Each man was " to keep in readiness a horse 
 
68 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 with the necessary equipment, and a rifle in good order, with 
 an ample supply of ammunition." Five companies were at 
 once raised in Boone County, and others in Callaway, Mont- 
 gomery, St. Charles, Lincoln, Pike, Marion, Ealls, Clay and 
 Monroe. Two of them, Capt. John Jamison's, of Callaway, and 
 Capt. David M. Hickman's, of Boone, in July, 1832, were mus- 
 tered into service for thirty days, and placed under command of 
 Maj. Thomas Conyers. This detachment, acconapanied by Gen. 
 Gentry in person, arrived at Palmyra, July 10, and at Fort Pike, 
 which was situated on the Des Moines, at the present site of St. 
 Francisville, in Clark County, five days afterward. Finding that 
 no hostile Indians had entered Missouri, Gen. Gentry ordered 
 work to be discontinued on Fort Matson, in the northern part of 
 Adair County, sixty-five miles from Fort Pike, and within eight 
 miles of the Chariton, and left for Columbia, where he arrived on 
 July 19. Maj. Conyers' command was left at Fort Pike. On 
 August 5, this detachment was relieved by two other companies, 
 under Capts. Sinclair Kirtley, of Boone, and Patrick Ewing, of 
 Callaway. Maj. Conyers remained in command of the fort. In 
 September, the Indian troubles having apparently subsided, 
 the troops on the northern frontier of Missouri were mustered 
 out of service. 
 
 For nearly a year afterward, the war was continued at various 
 points in Illinois and Iowa, until, at the decisive battle of the Bad 
 Axe, Black Hawk was entirely defeated, and a great number of 
 his followers killed. He himself escaped, but was soon captured 
 and delivered to the United States officers. He was carried in 
 triumph through a great part of the States, after Mhich, shorn of 
 his power, if not his ambition, he was permitted to return to his 
 tribe. Black Hawk died at the village of his people, on the Des 
 Moines River, in Davis County, Iowa, in 1838, aged about seventy 
 years. 
 
 tHE SEMINOLE WAR. 
 
 Florida originally belonged to Spain. Among its aboriginal 
 inhabitants was a humane and romantic tribe of Indians, called 
 the Seminoles. Their manners were gentle, and their language 
 soft ; but the Mrougs they suffered are as deep and wicked as any 
 ever inflicted by a civilized nation upon a weak and defenseless 
 people. Escaping slaves found refuge in the Spanish Territory, 
 
HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 69 
 
 formed settlements aloug the Appalachicola and Suwannee Rivers, 
 and became members of the Seminole and Creek nations, holding 
 lands and enjoying the fruits of their labors. Spain refused to 
 deliver up the fugitives who had thus intermarried with the In- 
 dians, and whose descendants soon became an almost indistin- 
 guishable part of the tribe. The slave holders of Georgia were 
 furious, and the Government of that State, on several occasions, 
 sent troops into the Creek country and laid waste villages, burned 
 huts, and killed innocent members of the tribe. Spain resented 
 these piratical raids, and the President of the United States was 
 compelled to disavow any responsibility for such outrages, which 
 nevertheless continued. 
 
 On July 27, 1S16, an old fort situated on the Appalachicola, 
 which had been built by the British during the War of 1812, and 
 subsequently occupied by the blacks and their descendants, was 
 blown lip by forces imder command of Gen. Gaines. There were 
 in the fort 334 persons, mostly women and children, and 270 of 
 these unfortunate creatures were instantly torn in pieces. 
 
 The Seminoles, goaded from their placid ways, attempted to 
 retaliate; but their efforts, though gallant, were feeble. The 
 raitis upon the Seminole country and its citizens continued, and 
 the state of affairs became a matter of serious perplexity to the 
 general Government. 
 
 In 1835, during President Jackson's administration, renewed 
 hostilities arose from an attempt to remove the Seminoles and 
 Creeks to lands west of the Mississippi. The chief of the former 
 tribe was Osceola, a half breed of great talents and audacity, 
 who, driven to despei'ation by personal wrongs, as well as those 
 inflicted upon his people, formed a conspiracy to slaughter the 
 whites and devastate the country. The Creeks were soon con- 
 quered and set beyond the Mississippi. In 1837 Osceola was 
 captured and soon after died, but the war continued. 
 
 In the fall of 1837 the Secretary of War issued a requisition 
 on Gov. Boggs, of Missouri, for two regiments of mounted vol- 
 unteers for the Seminole War. 
 
 The first regiment was raised chiefly in Boone and neighbor- 
 ing counties by Col. Gentry, and was composed of eight compan- 
 ies. Four companies of the second regiment were also raised 
 
70 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 and attached to the first. Of these latter, two companies were 
 composed of Delaware and Osage Indians. 
 
 Col. Gentry's regiment left Missouri in October, 1837. The 
 men were taken by boat from St. Louis to New Orleans, and 
 transported thence to Tampa Bay, Florida. On the voyage they 
 encountered a severe storm, and several of the vessels were 
 stranded. Many horses were lost but no men, and on the 15th 
 of November the troops disembarked at their destination. On 
 .the 1st of December they received orders from Gen. Zachary 
 Taylor, then commanding in Florida, to march to Okeechobee 
 Lake, in the vicinity of which the whole force of the Seminoles 
 was said to have collected. Having reached the Kissemme River, 
 seventy miles distant, the cavalry scouts captured several Indians, 
 from whom Col. Gentry learned that their main forces were near 
 at hand, and immediately crossing the river he formed the Missouri 
 volunteers in front, and, supporting them at a proper distance by 
 the regular army on either flank, advanced to meet the attack. The 
 Indians had chosen a fine position, and continued the battle with 
 a pertinacity seldom exhibited in their method of warfare. Col. 
 Gentry fought on foot, as did all his command, and had repulsed 
 the enemy after several hours of severe fighting. He was grad- 
 ually pushing them across a swamp, and had nearly reached 
 the dry soil, when a bullet pierced his abdomen, inflicting a fatal 
 wound. He knew its serious nature, yet stood erect an hour 
 afterward, and cheered his men to victory, until, at last, being 
 compelled to desist, he was borne from the field, and expired the 
 same night. The Missourians continued to fight several hours 
 after the fall of their leader, until the Indians were entirely van- 
 quished. The loss of the whites in killed and wounded was 138, 
 most of whom were Missourians. 
 
 The forces from this State being no longer needed, they re- 
 turned to their homes early in 1838. The remains of Col. Gentry, 
 as well as those of Capt. Vanswearingen and Lieuts. Brooke and 
 Center, of the Sixth Regular United States Infantry, were 
 afterward brought to Jefferson Barracks and buried, the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States erecting over them a suitable 
 monument. The county of Gentry was named in memory of the 
 gallant commander. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 71 
 
 After a war of eight years, during which nearly $40,000,000 
 had been expended, several hundred persons seized and enslaved, 
 and hundreds of lives lost, the Seminoles and their colored kin- 
 dred were removed as far as the Cherokee country, and subse- 
 quently to that of the Creeks. After persistent attempts of the 
 latter to reduce them to a state of servitude, and after many of 
 the exiles had been actually seized and sold into perpetual bond- 
 age, the remainder of the blacks, excepting 200 who were sup- 
 posed to be so intermarried with the Seminoles as to render them 
 safe, abandoned the country and fled to Mexico. 
 
 THE MORMONS AND THE MORMON WAR. 
 
 The origin, rapid development and prosperity of the relig- 
 ious sect, commonly called the Mormons, are among the most 
 remarkable and instructive historical events of the present cen- 
 tury. That an obscure individual, without money, education or 
 elevated position in society, should persuade people to believe 
 him inspired of God, and cause a book, insignificant as a literary 
 production, to be received as a continuation of the sacred reve- 
 lation, appears almost incredible. Yet in less than half a cen- 
 tury, the disciples of this personage have increased to hundreds 
 of thousands ; have founded a State in the distant wilderness, and 
 compelled the Government of the United States to practically rec- 
 ognize t hem as an independent people. 
 
 The founder of Mormonism was Joseph Smith, a native of 
 Vermont, who emigrated, while quite young, with his father's 
 family to western New York. The story of the finding of the 
 golden plates in the " Hill of Cumarah," their transcription, the 
 printing of the Mormon Bible, the organization of the first church 
 of the new faith, are themes not important to be considered here. 
 It may be well to state in passing that the believers in Mormon- 
 ism claim that their Bible gives a history of the peopling of the 
 Western Continent, as the common Bible narrates the origin of 
 the human race on the Eastern, and the Mormons accept both 
 volumes as of Divine inspiration, calling themselves "The Church 
 of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints." The common name by 
 which they are known is that given to one of the writers of the 
 Mormon Bible. 
 
72 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Having gained a number of converts, Smith, in 1831, moved 
 to Kirtland, Ohio, and, during the same year, made a visit to 
 Missouri in search of a location for "Zion." He found it at In- 
 dependence, Jackson County, named the place " The New Jerusa- 
 lem," and returned to Kirtland. 
 
 In 1832 Smith established himself with many followers in 
 Jackson County. Here the new church acquired several thou- 
 sand acres of land, which the members professed to hold in com- 
 mon, and published a paper called The Morning and Evening 
 Star, in which were printed promises of boundless prosperity to 
 the "Saints," and fi'ightful denunciations against the "Gentiles." 
 The result was a series of trifling encounters between the two 
 parties, until, October 31, 1833, an engagement occurred near 
 Westport, in which two citizens and one Mormon were killed. 
 
 The Gentile citizens of Jackson County now rose in arms in 
 considerable numbers, and committed a series of acts of violence 
 toward the Mormons. The bishop was tarred and feathered, 
 the printing press thrown into the river, the storehouse plun- 
 dered, and the " Saints " were forced to leave the county without 
 any compensation whatever for the lands they were compelled to 
 abandon. 
 
 The Mormons next located in Clay, Carroll and Caldwell 
 Counties, but principally in the latter, which was organized for 
 their benefit. They established headquarters at Far "West, which 
 was founded in 1836, and which Smith assured his followers would 
 soon become one of the great cities of the world. As the result 
 of the preaching of missionaries in the Eastern States, converts 
 flocked into the country and their settlements soon spread into 
 Daviess and Clinton Counties, but Far West was their chief town 
 and commercial center. Some of the Mormon settlers wei'e good 
 and industrious people, but many were violent and lawless, and 
 considered that they had a right to take anything they chose 
 from the Gentiles. As the latter were in the minority in Cald- 
 well County, and as most of the county offices were held by 
 "Saints," there was considerable dissatisfaction among: the Gen- 
 tiles, and violent deeds were committed on either side. 
 
 In Carroll County a committee of citizens waited upon the 
 leaders of the Mormon settlement at De Witt, and notified them 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 73 
 
 that they must leave the county. Mormon recruits poured into 
 the town, and an engagement took place on the 21st of Septem- 
 ber, 1838, but no serious casiialty occurred. The attacking 
 party was now increased by reinforcements to 400 or 500 men, 
 but before renewing the battle, they demanded once more that 
 the obnoxious settlers should leave the county. 
 
 Although the terms of this proposition were quite stringent, 
 it was acceded to, and the Saints loaded their property on wagons 
 and removed to Far West. 
 
 October 25 a skirmish took place at Crooked Kiver in the 
 southwestern part of Caldwell County, where one Gentile was 
 killed, several others wounded, and David Patten, the leader of 
 the Danite Band or United Brothers of Gideon, and two other 
 Mormons, were killed. The Gentiles were commanded by Oapt. 
 Sam. Bogart. 
 
 The people of Missouri now determined to be rid of the 
 Mormons, and in 1838 Gov. Boggs issued an order to Maj.- 
 Gen. David R. Atchison to call out the militia of his division 
 and proceed against the Mormons and expel them from the State 
 or "extenuate them." A part of the First Brigade of the Mis- 
 souri State Militia, under command of Gen. Alexander W. Doni- 
 phan, at once proceeded to the seat of war. Upon receipt of Gov. 
 Boggs' exterminating order, Gen. Atchison left the field, and the 
 command of the forces was turned over to Maj.-Gen. S. D. Lucas, 
 of Independence, pending the arrival of Gen. John B. Clark, of 
 Howard County. The Mormon forces numbering about 600 men 
 were led by Col. George W. Hinkle. 
 
 The principal event was the massacre at Haun's mills, five 
 miles south of the present site of Breckinridge, Caldwell County. 
 Three militiamen were wounded and seventeen of the Mormons 
 two of them little boys, killed — some of them after their sur- 
 render — and their bodies were thrown into a half finished well. 
 This massacre, for it was nothing else, was perpetrated by 250 
 men from Livingston and Daviess Counties, under Col. Thomas 
 Jennings. 
 
 When the militia appeared at Far West where the principal 
 Mormon forces were gathered, the Mormons surrendered, agree- 
 ing to Gen. Lucas' conditions, viz. : That they should deliver up 
 
74 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 their arms, pay the expenses of the war, sm-render their promi- 
 nent leaders for trial, and tlie remainder of the Mormons should, 
 ■with their families, leave the State. 
 
 The leaders were taken before a court of inquiry at Rich- 
 mond, Judge Austin A. King presiding. He remanded them to 
 Daviess County to await the action of the grand jury on a 
 charge of treason against the State. The Daviess County jail 
 being poor, they were confined at Liberty. Indictments for 
 various offenses — treason, murder, robbery, receiving stolen 
 goods, arson, resisting legal process, etc., — were found against 
 Joseph Smith, Hiram Smith, Sidney Eigdon, G. W. Hinkle, 
 Parley P. Pratt and a number of others. Sidney Rigdon was 
 released on a writ of habeas corpus. The others requested a 
 change of venue, and Judge King sent their cases to Boone 
 County for trial. On their way to Columbia, under a military 
 guard, Joe Smith effected his escape. It is generally believed 
 that the guard was bribed, subsequently, P. P. Pratt and others 
 also escaped; some of the prisoners were acquitted, and the 
 indictments dismissed against all the others. In connection 
 with the removal of the Mormons, and according to the terms of 
 their surrender, there were many terrible scenes. Numbers of 
 them were poor, and had invested their all in lands from which 
 they were about to be driven. Valuable farms were traded for 
 an old wagon, a horse, a yoke of oxen, or anything that would 
 furnish means of transportation. In many instances, convey- 
 ances of lands were demanded and enforced at the muzzle of the 
 pistol or the rifle. Nearly 4,000 Mormons removed from Cald- 
 well County to Nauvoo, 111. 
 
 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1845. 
 
 At the August election of 1845, sixty-six members were 
 chosen by the people to remodel the constitution. Representa- 
 tion under the old constitution, which allowed each county at 
 least one representative, and limited the whole number to 100 
 members in the lower branch of the General Assembly, had 
 become very unequal. Chiefly to remedy this irregularity, but 
 at the same time for other purposes, the convention was called. 
 
 It convened at Jefferson City, on November 17, 1845, and 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 75 
 
 organized by the election of Robert W. Wells as president ; Clai- 
 borne F. Jackson, vice-president, and R. Walker, secretary. 
 Some of the most able and distinguished men of the State were 
 members of this body. The whole organic law was reviewed, 
 and, in many material respects, remodeled. The convention 
 adopted (ayes, forty-nine, nays, thirteen) a new constitution, and 
 submitted it to the people, and adjourned sine die January 14, 
 1846. During the canvass the constitution was very generally 
 disciissed by the newspapers and candidates, and finally, at the 
 August election, rejected by about 9,000 majority, the whole 
 number of votes cast being about 60,000. 
 
 THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 From 1821 to 1836 the vast territory lying between Louisi- 
 ana and Mexico had been a province of the latter country. It 
 had been the policy of Spain and Mexico to keep Texas uninhab- 
 ited, in order that the vigorous race of Americans might not en- 
 croach on the Mexican borders. At last, however, a large land 
 grant was made to Moses Austin, of Connecticut, on condition 
 that he would settle 300 American families within the limits of 
 his domain. Afterward the grant was confirmed to his son Ste- 
 phen, with the privilege of establishing 500 additional families 
 of immigrants. Thus the foundation of Texas was laid by people 
 of the English race. 
 
 Owing to the oppressive policy adopted by Mexico, the Tex- 
 ans, in 1835, raised the standard of rebellion. Many adventur- 
 ers and some heroes from the United States flocked to their aid. 
 In the first battle fought at Gonzales, 1,000 Mexicans were de- 
 feated by a Texan force numbering 500. On March 6, 1836, a 
 Texan fort, called the Alamo, was surrounded by a Mexican army, 
 commanded by Pres. Santa Anna. The feeble garrison was 
 overpowered and massacred under circumstances of great atroc- 
 ity. David Crocket, an ex-congressman of Tennessee, and a 
 famous hunter, was one of the victims of the butchery. In the 
 next month was fought the decisive battle of San Jacinto, which 
 gave to Texas her freedom. The independence of the new State 
 was acknowledged by the United States, Great Britain and 
 France. 
 
76 HISTORY OF MIS80UEI. 
 
 On the 1st of March, 1844, Texas was admitted into the Amer- 
 ican Union as a sovereign State, and on the 4th of July, 1845, 
 the Texan Legislature ratified the act of annexation. Knowing 
 the warlike attitude of Mexico, the authorities of Texas sent an 
 immediate and urgent request to the President to dispatch an 
 army for their protection. Accordingly, Gen. Zachary Taylor 
 was ordered to occupy Texas. The real issue between that State 
 and Mexico was concerning boundaries. Texas claimed the Bio 
 Grande as her Western limit, while Mexico was determined to 
 have the Nueces as the separating line. The territory between 
 the two rivers was in dispute. Having made an unsuccessful at- 
 tempt to settle the difficulty by negotiation, the American Gov- 
 ernment sent Gen. Taylor to Corpus Christi, at the month of the 
 Nueces, where, by the beginning of November, 1845, he had 
 concentrated a force of 4,000 or 5,000 men. In the following 
 January Gen. Taylor was ordered to advance to the Eio Grande. 
 He took his station ojDposite Matamoras and hastily erected a 
 fortress, afterward named Fort Brown. 
 
 In April, 1846, Mexico declared war against the United 
 States, and this was promptly followed by a counter declaration, 
 on the part of the American Congress, against Mexico, Soon 
 after this exchange of challenges, the Mexicans crossed the Eio 
 Grande in strong force, headed by their famous generals. Arista 
 and Ampudia, and, on the 8th and 9th of May, at Palo Alto and 
 Besaca de la Palma, were met and repulsed with great slaughter 
 by Gen. Taylor. 
 
 When the news of the battles on the Bio Grande was borne 
 through the Union, the national spirit was everywhere aroused, 
 and party dissensions were hushed into silence. A call was 
 made for 50,000 volunteers, and Missouri was not backward 
 among her sister States in responding to the appeal. The St. 
 Louis Legion, a military organization under command of Col. 
 A. B. Eastou, quickly prepared for the field of action. Supplies 
 were raised for them by liberal subscriptions on the part of the 
 citizens, and in a few days they departed for the seat of war. 
 The American forces were organized in three divisions: the 
 Army of the West, under Gen. Kearney, to cross the Bocky 
 Mountains and conquer the northern Mexican provinces : the Army 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 77 
 
 of the Center, under Gen. Scott as commander-in-chief, to march 
 from the Gulf coast into the heart of the enemy's country ; and the 
 Army of Occupation, commanded by Gen. Taylor, to subdue and 
 hold the districts on the Kio Grande. About the middle of May, 
 1846, Gov. Edwards, of Missouri, called for mounted volunteers 
 to join the first of these divisions, which was about to undertake 
 an expedition to Santa Fe. By the 18th of June the full com- 
 plement of companies to compose the First Regiment had ar- 
 rived at Fort Leavenworth, the appointed rendezvous. These 
 volunteers were from the counties of Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, 
 Saline, Franklin, Cole, Howard and Callaway. Alexander W. 
 Doniphan, of Clay, was elected colonel; 0. F. Eiiff, lieutenant- 
 colonel, and William Gilpin, major. The battalion of light ar- 
 tillery, from St. Louis, was commanded by Capts. R. H. Weight- 
 man and A. W. Fischer, with Maj. M. L. Clark as its field officer. 
 Battalions of infantry from Platte and Cole Counties were com- 
 manded by Capts. Murphy and W. Z. Augney, respectively. The 
 Laclede Rangers, from St. Louis, were led by Capt. Thomas 
 B. Henderson. 
 
 In all. Gen. Kearney had 1,658 men and sixteen pieces of 
 ordnance. After a long and wearisome march he reached Santa 
 Fe, and on the 18th of August captured and garrisoned the city. 
 The whole of New Mexico submitted without resistance. With a 
 body of 400 dragoons Kearney then continued his march toward 
 the Pacific coast, leaving Col. Doniphan in command of New 
 Mexico. 
 
 With a body of 700 fearless men, this latter officer made one 
 of the most brilliant movements of the war. He undertook a march 
 through the enemy's country, from Santa Fe to Saltillo, a distance 
 of more than 800 miles. Reaching the Rio Grande on Christmas 
 day, he fought and gained the battle of Bracito; then crossing the 
 river, captured El Paso, and in two months pressed his way to 
 within twenty miles of Chihuahua. On the banks of Sacramento 
 Creek he met the Mexicans in overwhelming numbers, and on the 
 28th of February completely routed them. He then marched 
 unopposed into Chihuahua, a city of more than 40,000 inhab- 
 itants, and finally reached the division of Gen. Wool in safety. 
 
 Early in the summer of 1846, Hon. Sterling Price, a member 
 
78 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 of Congress from Missouri, resigned, and was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Polk to command another regiment of Missoiiri volunteers 
 to reinforce the Army of the West. This force consisted of a 
 full mounted regiment, one mounted extra battalion, and one 
 extra battalion of Mormon infantry. These troops were raised 
 in the Counties of Boone, Benton, Carroll, Chariton, Linn, Liv- 
 ingston, Monroe, Randolph, Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis, with 
 Lieut-Col. David Willock's extra battalion from Marion, Ray and 
 Platte. 
 
 Col. Price's command took up the line of march for Santa Fe, 
 over the same route pursued by Doniphan and Kearney, and ar- 
 rived on September 28, three days after Kearney's departure 
 for California. 
 
 In the winter of 1847 an insurrection against the American 
 authority broke out in New Mexico, and on the 24th of January 
 Col. Price met the enemy, numbering about 2,000 men, at Canada, 
 and repulsed them with a slight loss on both sides. He totally 
 routed them at El Embudo, on January 29. On February 3 he 
 found the Mexicans and Indians strongly fortified at Taos, and 
 engaged them on the following day with shot and shell. The battle 
 raged all day, and at night the Mexicans surrendered. Price's 
 loss in these three engagements was but fifteen killed and forty- 
 seven wounded. Afterward, by order of Gen. Price, twenty-one 
 of the Mexican leaders were hung. 
 
 In August, 1847, Gov. Edwards made another requisition for 
 1,000 infantry to follow Col. Price's command. The regiment 
 was organized immediately, and Maj. John Dougherty, of Clay 
 County, was chosen colonel, but before it marched the President 
 countermanded the order under which it was raised. 
 
 Another regiment of mounted volunteers (the Third Missouri 
 Regiment) was formed to serve during the Mexican War. It 
 was commanded by Col. John Ralls, of Ralls County, and was 
 mustered into service about May, 1847. A portion of this regi- 
 ment went as far as El Paso, Chihuahua and Santa Cruz De 
 Rosales, and at the latter place participated in a battle against the 
 Mexicans under Gen. Trias. The enemy were in the town and 
 sheltered by breastworks, but after fighting all day were obliged 
 to surrender with their arms, ammunition, wagons and teams. 
 The Americans were commanded by Gen. Sterling Price. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOUBI. 79 
 
 The war was now drawing to a close. Everywhere the arms 
 of the United States had been victorious, and on February 2, 
 1848, a treaty was concluded between the two belligerent nations. 
 By the terms of settlement the boundary line between Mexico 
 and the United States was fixed as follows: The Rio Grande 
 from its mouth to the southern limit of New Mexico; thence 
 westward along the southern, and northward along the western 
 boundary of that Territory to the river Gila ; thence down that 
 river to the Colorado; thence westward to the Pacific. The 
 whole of New Mexico and Upper California was relinquished to 
 the United States. Mexico guaranteed the free navigation of 
 the Gulf of California, and the Colorado River from its mouth to 
 the confluence of the Gila. In consideration of these territorial 
 acquisitions and privileges, the United States agreed to surren- 
 der all places held by military occupation in Mexico; to pay inta 
 the treasui-y of that country $15,000,000, and to assume all debts 
 due from the Mexican Government to American citizens, said 
 debts not to exceed $3,500,000. Thus, at last, was the territory 
 of the United States spread out in one broad belt from ocean to 
 ocean. 
 
 THE GEE.4.T FIRE AT ST. LOUIS. 
 
 In May, 1849, occurred the great fire at St. Louis ; a brief ac- 
 count of it from Switzler's History of Missouri is here copied: 
 
 " On the evening of the 19th of that month a fire broke out on 
 the steamer 'White Cloud,' lying at the wharf between Vine and 
 Cherry Streets, and set at defiance every effort to arrest its prog- 
 ress. The flames very soon communicated to four other boats 
 lying contiguous. By the action of the fire, the 'White Cloud' 
 became loosened from her fastenings, and drifted out into the 
 stream and among- the other steamers in port. In a short time 
 the spectacle of twenty-three boats on fire presented itself. The 
 immense conflagration was a mile in length. The levee being 
 covered with combustible materials, bales, barrels, boxes, etc., 
 the fire reached the city and whole blocks were swept away. The 
 area of the burnt district will be understood by the statement 
 that Front Street, from Locust to Market, was entirely destroyed, 
 with the exception of two or three houses on Commercial Street. 
 Between Commercial and the levee, there was not one left. In 
 
80 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 this immense conflagration there were twenty-three steamboats, 
 three barges and one canal boat destroyed, whose total value with 
 their cargoes was estimated at $439,000. The whole value of 
 property destroyed amounted to over $3,000,000." 
 
 THE JACKSON RESOLUTIONS. 
 The sixteenth General Assembly of the State of Missouri, 
 which convened at Jefferson City, December 25, 1848, will ever 
 be remembered on account of its passage of the famous "Jackson 
 Resolutions." The occasion of these was a bill called the "Wil- 
 mot-Anti-Slavery Proviso," which had been introduced into the 
 preceding Congress by Hon. David Wilmot of Pennsylvania, 
 prohibiting the extension of slavery into the recently acquired 
 Territories. Slave holders throiighout the Southern States were 
 exceedingly agitated over this measure, seeing that it must efPect- 
 ually put an end to the formation of new pro-slavery States, thus 
 giving the majority of members in Congress to the anti-slavery 
 party, and insuring the final triumph of the Free Soilers. As a 
 result of the excitement in Missouri, Carty Wells, a Democratic 
 State senator from Lincoln County, introduced into the Upper 
 House of the Legislature a series of resolutions on various sub- 
 jects suggested by the Wilmot Proviso, which was referred to 
 the Senate Committee on Federal Eelations. On January 15, 
 1849, Claiborne F. Jackson, senator from Howard County, re- 
 ported from this committee to the Senate the following modifica- 
 tion of Mr. Wells' resolutions: 
 
 Resolved, by the General Assembly oftheState of Missouri. That the Federal 
 constitution was the result of a compromise between the conflicting interests of 
 the State which formed it, and in no part of that instrument is to be found any 
 delegation of power to Congress to legislate on the subject of slavery, excepting 
 some special provisions, having in view the prospective abolition of the African 
 slave trade, made for the securing the recovery of fugitive slaves; any attempt, 
 therefore, on the part of Congress to legislate on the subject, so as to afEect the 
 institution of slavery in the States, in the District of Columbia, or in the Terri- 
 tories, is, to say the least, a violation of the principles upon which that instru- 
 ment was founded. 
 
 2. That the Territories acquired by the blood and treasure of the whole 
 nation ought to be governed for the common benefit of the people of all the 
 States, and any organization of the Territorial Governments, excluding the 
 citizens of any part of the Union from removing to such Territories with their 
 property, would be an exercise of power, by Congress, inconsistent with the 
 spirit upon which our Federal compact was based, insulting to the sovereignty 
 
HISTORy OF MISSOURI. 81 
 
 and dignity of the States thus affected, calculated to alienate one portion of 
 the Union from another, and tending ultimately to disunion. 
 
 3. That the General Assembly regard the conduct of the Northern States 
 on the subject of Slavery as releasing the slave-holding States from all further 
 adherence to the basis of compromise fixed on by the act of Congress of March 
 •6, 1820, even if such act ever did impose an}' obligation upon the slave-holding 
 States, and authorizes them to insist upon their rights under the constitution; 
 but for the salje of harmony, and for the preservation of our Federal Union, 
 they Vfill sanction the application of the principles of the Missouri Compromise 
 to the recent territorial acquisitions, if by such concession future aggressions 
 upon the equal rights of the States may be arrested and the spirit of anti-slavery 
 fanaticism be extinguished. 
 
 4. The right to prohibit slavery in any Territory belongs exclusively to 
 the people thereof, and can only be exercised by them in forming their consti- 
 tution for a State government, or in their sovereign capacity as an independent 
 State. 
 
 5. That in the event of the passage of any act of Congress conflicting with 
 the principles herein expressed, Missouri will be found in hearty co-operation 
 ■with the slave-holding States, in such measures as may be deemed necessary for 
 our mutual protection against the encroachments of Northern fanaticism. 
 
 6. That our senators in Congress be instructed and our representatives be 
 requested to act in conformity to the foregoing resolutions. 
 
 The resolutions were written by Hon. William B. Napton, 
 afterward one of the judges of the supreme court. 
 
 The scope of this work forbids a detailed account of the dis- 
 cussion which followed the introduction of these resolutions into 
 the General Assembly, as well as the names of the many distin- 
 guished men who took opposing sides upon the question of their 
 adoption. The Jackson resolutions were finally adopted after 
 much opposition, particularly in the Lower House, where a strong 
 but unsuccessful attempt was made to modify them. 
 
 . Perhaps the chief object in the introduction and passage of 
 the resolutions was the retirement of Senator Thomas H. Benton. 
 His course in and out of the Senate had become obnoxious to 
 many of the Democratic politicians of the State, who determined 
 to get rid of him. They knew he would not obey the instruc- 
 tions contained in the resolutions, and this would furnish an 
 excuse for a refusal to return him for another term. There was 
 much excitement throughout the State, and the feeling was still 
 farther intensified by the course of Senator Benton, who appealed 
 from the Legislature to the people, and prosecuted a canvass 
 against the resolutions, denouncing them in powerful and pas- 
 sionate speeches, as tending to the dismemberment of the Union. 
 
82 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 He declared tliem to be in direct contradiction to the Missouri 
 Compromise, upon which depended the safety and harmony of 
 the nation. 
 
 That Col. Benton was right in his position, although, perhaps, 
 intemperate in its defense, is perfectly apparent in the light of 
 subsequent events; but his crusade against the "Jackson Keso- 
 lutions" resulted in his defeat at the next election, when, after 
 thirty years of loyal service toward his State and Nation, he was 
 succeeded in 1851 by the Whig candidate, Henry S. Geyer, an 
 eminent lawyer of St. Louis, who was chosen by Democratic 
 votes. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF KANSAS AND NEBRASKA. 
 
 Missouri was admitted as a slave State in 1820, only upon 
 the terms of the Missouri Compromise, which forever prohibited 
 involuntary servitude in territory north of 36° 30', now consti- 
 tuting Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Dakota, "Wyoming, 
 Montana, Idaho and a portion of Minnesota. And now this great 
 domain was to be organized into territorial governments. Al- 
 ready into these vast regions the tide of immigration was pour- 
 ing, and it became necessary to provide for the future. In 
 December, 1852, Hon. Willard P. Hall, of Missouri, introduced 
 a bill into the United States House of Representatives, to organ- 
 ize the Territory of Platte, which was designed to embrace the 
 country above mentioned. Having been referred to the Com- 
 mittee on Territories, that committee, in February, 1853, reported 
 a bill to establish a territorial government in the Territory of 
 Nebraska. As this bill did not contemplate a repeal of the Mis- 
 souri Compromise, it was opposed in the House by all the South- 
 ern delegations. The only senators from the South who voted 
 for it were David R. Atchison and Henry S. Geyer, of Missouri. 
 On January 16, 1851, when the subject again came before the 
 Senate, Senator Dixon, of Kentucky, gave notice that whenever 
 the Nebraska bill should be called up, he would move an amend- 
 ment to the effect that the Missouri Compromise, drawing the 
 line of 36° 30' north latitude, and forever prohibiting slav- 
 ery or involuntary servitude north of said line, should not be 
 BO construed as to apply to the Territory contemplated by the act, 
 or to any other Territory of the United States ; but that the citi- 
 
HISTOKY OF MISSOUBI. 83 
 
 zens of the several States or Territories should be at liberty to 
 take and hold their slaves within any of the Territories or States 
 to be founded therefrom. That is to say, in plain language, that 
 the Missouri Compromise should be made null and void. The 
 announcement of this amendment in Congress was immediately 
 followed by the most intense excitement throughout the country, 
 Indeed, the introduction, in 1848, of the Wilmot Proviso, did not 
 rouse the people in a greater degree. 
 
 On January 23, 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, 
 reported from the Committee on Territories a bill which pro- 
 vided for the organization of the region of country embraced by 
 Mr. Hall's bill, known as the Platte country, from the Platte 
 Hiver, which flows through it into two Territories, namely, Kansas 
 and Nebraska. As Senator Douglas' bill must always be an im- 
 portant document in history, we transcribe some part of it. 
 
 Sec. 21. And be it further enacted. That, in order to avoid misconstruction, 
 it is hereby declared to be the true intent and meaning of this act, so far as the 
 question of slavery is concerned, to carry into practical operation the following 
 propositions and principles, established by the compromise measures of 1850, to 
 wit : 
 
 First. That all questions pertaining to slavery in the Territories, and in the 
 new States to be formed therefrom, are to be left to the decision of the people 
 residing therein, through their appropriate representatives. 
 
 Second. That all cases involving title to slaves and questions of personal free- 
 dom, are referred to the adjudication of the local tribunals, with the right of 
 appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 Third. That the provisions of the constitution;and laws of the United States, 
 in respect to fugitives from service, are to be carried into faithful execution in 
 all the organized Territories, the same as in the States. 
 
 The section of the bill which prescribed the qualifications and 
 mode of election of a delegate to Congress from each of the 
 Territories was as follows: 
 
 Sbc. 2. And he it futher enacted, * * » * Thi-X. 
 
 the constitution and laws of the United States, wliich are not locally applicable, 
 shall have the same force and effect within the said Territory of Kansas as else- 
 where within the United States, except the eight sections of the act preparatory 
 to the admission of Missouri into the Union, approved March 6, 1830, which 
 was superseded by the principles of the legislation of 1850, commonly called the 
 compromise measures, and is declared inoperative. 
 
 The debate which ensued upon the introduction of this bill, 
 
 known as the " Kansas-Nebraska Bill," was conducted with 
 
 great ability, and lasted several weeks. On February 6 Hon. S. 
 
84 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 P. Chase, a senator from Ohio, who was afterward Secretary of 
 the Treasury under Lincoln's administration, and finally chief 
 justice of the United States, moved to strike out so much of the 
 bill as declared the Missoui'i Compromise " superseded " by the 
 compromise of 1850, but the motion was defeated. On February 
 15 Mr. Douglas moved to strike out the clause objected to by 
 Mr. Chase, and insert the following: 
 
 " Which being inconsistent with the principle of non-interven- 
 tion by Congress with slavery in the States and Territories, as 
 recognized by the legislation of 1850 (commonly called the com- 
 promise measures) is hereby declared inoperative and void; it 
 being the true intent and meaning of this act not to legislate 
 slavery into any Territory or State nor to exclude it therefi-om, 
 but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regulate 
 their domestic institutions in their own way, subject only to the 
 constitution of the United States." 
 
 This amendment embodied what was afterward known as the 
 doctrine of "squatter sovereignty." It was at once adopted by 
 the Senate ; but Mr. Chase and others, not having full confidence 
 that it was not the true intent and meaning of the act " to 
 legislate slavery into any Territory or State," moved to add, after 
 the words " United States," the following: 
 
 " Under which the people of the Territories, through their 
 appropriate representatives, may, if they see fit, prohibit the 
 existence of slavery therein." 
 
 Mr. Chase's amendment was voted down. From January until 
 May, Mr. Douglas' report was debated in Congress. By the 
 Kansas- Nebraska bill the Missouri Compromise was virtually 
 repealed, and the old settlement of the slavery question over- 
 thrown at a single blow. All the bitter sectional animosities of 
 the past were aroused in full force. The bill was violently 
 opposed by a majority of the representatives from the East and 
 North; but the minority, uniting with the congressmen of the 
 South, enabled Douglas to carry his measure through Congi-ess, 
 and in May, 1854, the bill received the sanction of the President. 
 
 Kansas itself now became a battlefield for the contending 
 parties; whether the new State should admit slavery or not 
 depended upon the vote of the people. Both factions made a 
 
HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 85 
 
 rush for the Territory in order to secure a majority. The people 
 of Missoiiri were especially interested in the situation. Appre- 
 hensive that Kansas would become a free State, and that Mis- 
 souri would in the future occupy the position of a slave-holding 
 peninsula, jutting out into a sea of free soil, with Illinois and 
 Iowa at the east and north, and Kansas and Nebraska on the 
 west, many of her citizens, especially on the Kansas border, 
 became seriously alarmed for the safety of their slaves, and in 
 the excitement of the conflict were induced without authority of 
 law to cross over into Kansas, and, carrying ballots in one hand 
 and arms in the other, to coerce the new State into the Union 
 with a pro-slavery constitution. 
 
 Meanwhile the Northern States were not idle. Massachu- 
 setts had chartered a wealthy corporation, called the Emigrant 
 Aid Company; Connecticut followed soon after with a similar 
 company. The New York Tribune, edited by Horace Greeley, 
 opened a Kansas contribution, and aid societies sprang into 
 activity at hundreds of points in the Northwest. Thus stimulated, 
 the people of the fi-ee States flocked to Kansas in such numbers 
 that in a few months they constituted a decided majority of the 
 actual settlers. The Missourians with force and arms attempted 
 to carry out their measures, and prevent Northern and Eastern 
 settlers from passing through their State, but the emigrants then 
 wound around through Iowa, thus circumventing their plans. 
 The struggle between the hostile parties in Kansas and on the 
 Missouri border resulted in a series of desultory but bloody 
 encounters, some of which assumed the proportions of battles. 
 Large and fiercely excited public meetings were held in Missouri, 
 and at times in some localities a reign of intolerance and pro- 
 scription prevailed. This was intensified in that portion of the 
 State bordering on Kansas. 
 
 An election held in the new State in November of 1854 
 resulted in the choice of a pro-slavery delegate to Congress, and, 
 in the general territorial election of the following year, the same 
 party was triumphant. The State Legislature thus chosen 
 assembled at Lecompton, organized the government, and framed 
 a constitution permitting slavery. The Free Soil party declar- 
 ing the general election to have been illegal, on account of fraud- 
 
86 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 ulent voting, assembled in convention at Topeka, September 25, 
 
 1855, framed a constitution excluding slavery, and oi-ganized a 
 rival government. Civil war broke out between the factions. 
 
 From the autumn of 1855 until the following summer the 
 Territory was the scene of constant turmoil and violence. The 
 people of the Noi'th held meetings to enlist additional settlers, 
 cash poured into the Tribune fund, and food, clothing, seeds, 
 arms and money were sent in quantities to the Free Soil settlers. 
 
 On September 8, 1856, John "W. Geary, of Pennsylvania, was 
 appointed governor. He issued a proclamation of peace, and 
 promised the settlers protection in their persons, pui'suits 
 and property. They therefore laid down their arms. This 
 was no sooner done than an army from the Southern States 
 attacked Lawrence, which had before been the scene of much 
 violence; but Gov. Geary, calling out the United States troops, 
 finally induced the invaders to retire. On January 26, 1857, the 
 free legislature met at Topeka, but was dispersed by the United 
 States marshal, who captured several members and threw them 
 into jail at Tecumseh. The pro-slavery people now met in legis- 
 lature at Lecompton and adopted a resolution calling a convention 
 to fi'ame another State constitution. 
 
 Gov. Geary resigned because the pro-slavery United States 
 Senate refused to uphold some of his measures, and Robert J. 
 Walker, of Mississippi, was appointed to succeed him. Gov. 
 Walker guaranteed protection to the settlers on election day, re- 
 jected fraudulent returns, condemned both the Lecompton consti- 
 tution and the methods of promiilgation, and started for Wash- 
 ington to prevent Congress from accepting it. The President 
 had officially signed the instrument before the arrival of Gov. 
 Walker, and the latter promptly resigned. J. W. Denver of Cal- 
 ifornia was appointed to succeed him. 
 
 An election was held for the rejection or adoption of the 
 pro-slavery clauses of the Lecompton constitution, December 21, 
 
 1856. The Free-State men did not go to the polls, and the fraud- 
 ulent instrument was therefore adopted by a vote of 6,143 to 569. 
 The pro-slavery legislature ordered a vote for State officers under 
 the Lecompton constitution, January 4, 1858. The settlers' 
 legislature then submitted that constitution to the people, as a 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 87 
 
 ■whole, to be accepted or rejected, this election also to take place 
 on January 4, 1858. It was rejected by a majority of 10,226. 
 Congress, after a long discussion, again sent the Lecompton con- 
 stitution to a vote of the people, and again it was rejected by a 
 majority of 10,000 votes, on August 3, 1858. Gov. Denver then 
 resigned, and Samuel Medary, of Ohio, succeeded him. 
 
 The settlers' legislature submitted another constitution, which 
 was adopted. Some portions of it proving unsatisfactory, another 
 convention was called, and at last the new constitution, forever 
 prohibiting slavery, was promulgated at Wyandotte, July 4, 1859, 
 and was adopted in October by a 4,000 majority. On December 
 6, 1859, a State election was held under the new constitution, and 
 Charles Robinson, who had been chosen governor under the first 
 Topeka constitution, in 1856, was once more elected to that office. 
 January 29, 1861, Kansas came into the Union as a fi-ee State, 
 and ultimately Nebraska was admitted upon the same conditions. 
 
 Tlie facts thus briefly stated constitute the civil history of the 
 struggle in Kansas. A fratricidal war raged over her rich plains 
 for three years. Bloodshed, robbery, devastation and fire spread 
 like a pestilence through her humble settlements, and but a faint 
 shadow of the fearful events of that period is cast upon these 
 pages. 
 
 In the final adjustment of these questions in Congress, 
 Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, and James S. Green, of Missoiu'i, 
 played a prominent part. Senator Green opposed the views of 
 Mr. Douglas, and, as the acknowledged leader of the pro-slavery 
 party, maintained his ground with rare ability and eloquence. 
 Coming into the Senate, in 1857, during the discussion of the 
 question of the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton con- 
 stitution, he supported the policy of the administration in 
 speeches distinguished not only by perspicuity of style, but by 
 powers of argument which called forth commendations, even 
 from those who did not share his convictions. 
 
 "THE DEED SCOTT DECISION." 
 
 A few days after the inauguration of President Buchanan 
 (1857), the Supreme court of the United States delivered the 
 celebrated opinion known in American history as^"TheDred 
 Scott Decision." 
 
88 HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Dred Scott was a uegro slave belongiiag to Dr. Emerson, who 
 was a surgeon in the army of the United States. In 1834 Dr. 
 Emerson took Scott from the State of Missoui'i to the military 
 post at Kock Island, 111., and held him there as a slave until 
 April or May, 183G. At the time last mentioned, Dr. Emerson 
 removed Scott to Eort Snelling, Minn., and there held him 
 until 1838. At the latter place Scott was married to a colored 
 woman who had been taken to Fort Snelling by her master in 
 1835, and had been subsequently sold there to Dr. Emerson. Two 
 children were born of this marriage, and then the whole family 
 were taken back to St. Louis and sold. Dred thereupon brought 
 a complaint of assault and battery against John F. A. Sandford, 
 •the purchaser of himself, his wife and children, which was tried 
 in the United States Circuit court for the District of Missouri. 
 
 Before beginning this suit Scott had brought another in the 
 State courts of Missouri for his freedom, on the ground that hav- 
 ing been a resident of a free State and a free Territory, he 
 thereby relieved himself from the chains of bondage and became 
 a citizen of the United States. The inferior court gave judg- 
 ment in his favor, but on a writ of error to the Supreme court of 
 the State the judgment was reversed and the case remanded for 
 a new trial. By consent this action was continued to await de- 
 cision on the suit for assault and battery against Sandford, 
 brought in the Federal court. 
 
 At the conclusion of the trial Scott's attorney asked the court 
 to charge the jury, on the agreed statement of facts, to find for 
 the plaintiff. This was refused, and the jury being instructed 
 that the law was with the defendant, was ordered so to find. 
 The verdict accordingly was that the plaintiff, his wife and chil- 
 dren were slaves, as alleged by Sandford, and that therefore they 
 had no rights in the court, and no redress against their master 
 for personal violence. 
 
 Scott's attorney filed a bill of exception to the charge of the 
 court, and thereupon carried the case by writ of error to the 
 United States Supreme court. After a delay of nearly three years 
 a decision was finally reached in March, 1857. Chief Justice 
 Taney, speaking for the court, decided that negroes, whether 
 free or slave, were not citizens of the United States, and that 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 89 
 
 they could not become such by any process known to the con- 
 stitution; that under the laws of the United States a negro could 
 neither sue nor be sued, and that therefore the court had no juris- 
 diction of Dred Scott's cause ; that a slave was to be regarded in 
 the light of a personal chattel, and that he might be removed 
 from place to place by his owner as any other piece of property ; 
 that the constitution gave to every slave holder the right of 
 removing to or through any State or Territory with his slaves, 
 and of returning with them, at will, to a State where slavery was 
 recognized by law ; and that therefore the Missouri Compromise of 
 1820, as well as the compromise measures of 1850, was uncon- 
 stitutional and void. In these opinions six of the associate 
 justices of the Supreme bench — Wayne, Nelson, Grier, Daniel, 
 Campbell and Catron — concurred; while two associates — Judges 
 McLean and Curtis — dissented. The decision of the majority, 
 which was accepted as the opinion of the court, gave great satis- 
 faction to the ultra slave-holding people of the South. Observ- 
 ing that the control of Congress and the Government was slowly 
 passing out of their hands by the tremendous expansion of the 
 North, and the growth of the spirit of freedom, they hoped, 
 before it was too late, to so wall in and hedge about their pecul - 
 iar institution, that future Congresses would be unable and 
 would not dare attempt to reach it by legislative enactments. 
 
 At the North, on the contrary, the decision excited thousands 
 of indignant comments, and much bitter opposition. This indig- 
 nation could not be expended in mere words, but crystallized into 
 a well-grounded determination to resist in the free States the 
 enforcement of the laws of the slave States which contravened or 
 were repugnant to their own. 
 
 EVENTS PRECEDING THE CIVIL WAR. 
 
 The presidential campaign of 1860 must ever be regarded as 
 one of the most important in the history of the republic, as the 
 canvass of that year was one of the most exciting. Four candi- 
 dates were in the field. The Republican jiarty nominated Abra- 
 ham Lincoln, on a platform in which opposition to the further 
 extension of slavery was declared to be the vital issue. The Dem- 
 ocratic convention, assembled at Charleston, divided on the 
 
90 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 question of slavery in the Territories, and, after a long and 
 stormy session, the party was disrupted, and the "Southern 
 Bights " delegates withdrew fi'om the convention. They met 
 first at Eichmond and afterward at Baltimore, where they nomi- 
 nated for president John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky. The 
 squatter sovereignty Democrats nominated Stejshen *A. Douglas 
 — the apostle of popular sovereignty. Still another — the "Ameri- 
 can" party, or Constitutional Unionists — chose John Bell, of 
 Tennessee, as their candidate. 
 
 The contest resulted in the election of Mr. Lincoln. The 
 leaders of the South had declared that his election would be con- 
 sidered as a just cause for the dissolution of the Union. The 
 Government was under the control of the Douglas Democrats, 
 but a majority of the cabinet and a large number of members of 
 Congress in both Houses wei-e supporters of Mr. Breckinridge, 
 and the advocates of disunion. It was now evident that under 
 the new administration all the departments of the Govern- 
 ment must pass into the power of the Kepublican party. Dis- 
 union was now possible, but the opportunity would shortly be 
 past. The attitude of President Buchanan favored the measure. 
 He was not himself a disunionist, but he did not consider that he 
 had the constitutional right to coerce a sovereign State. The 
 interval, therefore, between the presidential election of November, 
 1860, and the inauguration of the following March was improved 
 to its full extent by the political leaders of the South. 
 
 SECESSION. 
 
 On the 17th of December, 1860, a convention assembled at 
 Charleston, S. C, passed a resolution declaring that the union 
 hitherto existing between that State and others, under the 
 name of the United States of America, was dissolved. The 
 cotton-growing States were almost unanimous in support of the 
 measure. By the 1st of February, 1861, six other States — 
 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas — 
 had withdrawn fi-om the Union. Nearly all the senators and 
 representatives of those States resigned their seats in Congress, 
 and joined the disunion cause. 
 
 In the secession conventions there was little opposition to the 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 91 
 
 movement, although iu some instances a large minoi'ity vote was 
 cast. A few of the speakers denounced disunion as wrong in 
 principle and tending to certain ruin. Alexander H. Stevens, 
 afterward vice-president of the Confederate States, while advo- 
 cating the doctrine of State sovereignty and the right of seces- 
 sion, spoke" against the latter as a practical measure on the 
 ground that it was impolitic and disastrous. Not a few promi- 
 nent men at the South held similar views, and yet were governed 
 by the opinion of the majority. 
 
 On the -ith day of February, 1861, delegates from six of the 
 seceded States met at Montgomery, Ala., and formed a new 
 government under the name of the Confederate States of America. 
 On the 8th of the same month, the government was organized by 
 the election of Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, as provisional 
 president, and Alexander H. Stevens as vice-president. 
 
 In 1850 when the representatives of the slaveholders de- 
 clared in Congress, that, unless California should be admitted as 
 a slave State, they would break up the Union, albeit they would 
 doit " calmly and peaceably," Daniel Webster arose in his maj- 
 esty and uttered this remarkable and prophetic warning : — 
 
 "I hear with pain, anguish and distress the words secession; 
 peaceable secession! Sir, your eyes and mine are never destined 
 to see that miracle — the dismemberment of this vast country — 
 without convulsion! The breaking up of the fountains of the 
 great deep without ruffling the surface! Who is so foolish as 
 to expect to see such a thing ? Sir, he who sees these States now 
 revolving in harmony around a common center, and expects to 
 see them quit their places and fly off without convulsion, may 
 look the next hour to see the heavenly bodies rush from their 
 spheres and jostle against each other in realms of space, without 
 producing the crash of the universe. There can he no such 
 thing as peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter 
 impossibility. Is the great constitution under which we live 
 here, covering the whole country, is it to be thawed and melted 
 away by secession, as the snows of the mountains melt under the 
 influence of the vernal sun, disappear almost unobserved and die 
 off? No sir! No sir! I see it as plainly as I see the sun in 
 heaven. I see disriiplion must produce such a war as I will not 
 describe in its two-fold character.'''' 
 
92 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 THE BEGINNING OF HOSTILITIES. 
 
 The American nation seemed on the verge of ruin. The 
 Government was for the time being paralyzed. The army was 
 stationed in scattered detachments on remote frontiers. The fleet 
 was dispersed in distant seas. President Buchanan was distracted 
 with hesitancy and the contradictory counsels of his friends. 
 With the exception of Forts Sumter and .Moultrie in Charleston 
 Harbor, Fort Pickens near Pensacola, and Fortress Monroe in the 
 Chesapeake, all the important posts in the seceded States had 
 been seized and occupied by the Confederates, even before the 
 organization of their government. 
 
 In vain had Gen. Scott, lieutenant-general of the United 
 States army, observing the energy of the Secessionists, repeatedly 
 urged upon the President that strong garrisons be sent to the 
 imperiled fortresses, some of which were indifferently occupied 
 and some not at all. Scott was not allowed to do anything to save 
 the United States forts, or even to send a warning to the hand- 
 fuls of soldiers who garrisoned them, until it was too late to avail. 
 Early in January, 1861, the President made a feeble effort to re- 
 inforce and provision the garrison at Fort Sumter. The steamer 
 " Star of theWest " was sent with men and supplies, but upon ap- 
 proaching Charleston harbor it was fired upon by a Confed- 
 erate battery, and was obliged to return without performing its 
 mission. 
 
 In March Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as President 
 of the United States, and entered upon the duties of his office. 
 "William H. Seward, of New York, was chosen Secretary of 
 State; Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury; 
 Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of War, succeeded 
 in the following January by Edwin M. Stanton, and Gideon 
 Welles, Secretary of the Navy. Lincoln declared, both in his 
 inaugural address and in his early official papers, that the 
 efforts of the new administration would be directed to the re- 
 covery of the forts, arsenals and other public property which had 
 been seized by the Confederate authorities, and it was with this 
 intention that the first military preparations were made. With 
 the second attempt of the Government to reinforce Fort Sumter 
 came the actual beginning of hostilities. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 93 
 
 The defenses of Charleston Harbor were held by Maj. Eob- 
 ert Anderson with only seventy-nine men. He had deemed it 
 prudent to evacuate Fort Moultrie and retire to Sumter, which 
 was situated on an island in front of the city but at some dis- 
 tance. That occupancy having been decided to be "a menace 
 to the free people of the State," Fort Sumter was attacked by 
 Gen. Beauregard, April 12, 1861, on the order of George W. 
 Randolph, secretary of war for the Confederacy. On the 14th, 
 Maj. Anderson and his gallant little band were forced to sur- 
 render, and thus were the fountains of the great deep broken up, 
 deluging the South in blood, and turning her smiling fields to 
 desolation. 
 
 On the 15th of April, Lincoln issued a proclamation declar- 
 ing the South to be in a state of rebellion, and calling for 75,000 
 militia " to repossess the forts, places and property seized from 
 the Union." He also summoned both Houses of Congress to 
 assemble in extraordinary session on July 4, 1861. 
 
 The War of the Bebellion now began in earnest. With the 
 firing on Fort Sumter a radical change took place in the senti- 
 ments of a large portion of the Democracy of the North. Every 
 free State, and the slave States of Delaware and Maryland, 
 pledged men and troops to suppress the Rebellion, and such 
 Democratic leaders as Stephen A. Douglas, Matthew H. Carpen- 
 ter, Daniel S. Dickinson, John J. Crittenden and Benjamin F. 
 Butler announced their hearty support of the President. Jef- 
 ferson Davis also issued a proclamation, two days later than that 
 of Lincoln, calling upon the "good people of the Confederacy" 
 to rally and drive out "the invaders." On the same day Vir- 
 ginia seceded from the Union; on May 6 Ai'kansas followed 
 her example, and then North Carolina on the 20th of the same 
 month. In Tennesseee, specially East Tennessee, there was a 
 strong opposition to disunion, and it was not until the 8th of 
 June that a secession ordinance could be passed. The people of 
 Maryland were divided in their opinions, biit the disunion senti- 
 ment prevailed largely. In Missouri, as will presently be seen, 
 the movement resulted in civil war, while in Kentucky the 
 authorities issued a proclamation of neutrality. 
 
 On the 19th of April some Massachusetts regiments, pass- 
 
94 HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 ing throngh Baltimore on their way to Washington, were 
 attacked by the citizens with stones and fire-arms, and three 
 men were killed. This was the first bloodshed of the war. On 
 the preceding day a body of Confederate soldiers advanced on 
 the armory of the United States at Harper^ Ferry. The officer 
 in charge destroyed a portion of the vast stores coUecte d there, 
 and then escaped into Pennsylvania. On the 20th of the month, 
 another company of Virginians attacked the great navy yard at 
 Norfolk. The Federal officers commanding fired the buildings. 
 Bank the vessels, spiked the guns, and withdrew their forces. 
 Most of the cannons and many of the vessels were afterward 
 recovered by the Confederates, the property thus captured 
 amounting to fully 810,000,000. 
 
 The Southern forces poured into Virginia in such numbers 
 that for a time the city of Washington seemed in danger. May 
 3 the President called for 83,000 more soldiers, whose term of 
 enlistment should be for three years, or during the continuation 
 of the war. Lieut. -Gen. Winfield Scott was made comman- 
 der-in-chief of the United States forces. As many war ships 
 as could be mustered were sent to blockade the Southern harbors. 
 In the seceded States, also, there were tireless preparation and 
 activity. Richmond was chosen as the capital of the Confeder- 
 acy. Mr. Davis and the officers of his cabinet had already re- 
 paired thither, for the purpose of directing the affairs of the 
 government and the army. So stood the opposing powers in the 
 beginning of the summer of 1861. 
 
 It was now evident that a great war, perhaps the greatest in 
 modern times, was about to break over the American nation. 
 
 Having thus outlined the causes of the war, and the breaking 
 out of actual hostilities, let us turn to our own State and see what 
 part she bore in the mighty conflict. 
 
 THE ATTITUDE OF MISSOUEI. 
 The people of Missouri had been, as we have seen, deeply in- 
 volved in the agitation caiised by the territorial questions con- 
 nected with the subject of slavery. Moreover, the State was 
 largely populated by emigrants from Kentucky, Virginia and 
 other Southern States, or by their descendants, and naturally 
 
 t 
 
 y 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 95 
 
 there was a widespread sympathy with the secession movement. 
 Nevertheless there was much intelligent conservatism among the 
 people, and they were not, in the language of Gov. Stewart's last 
 message, to be frightened from their property by the past un- 
 friendly legislation of the North, or dragooned into secession by 
 the restrictive legislation of the extreme South. 
 
 The General Assembly met in Jefferson City on December 31, 
 1860, under peculiarly embarrassing circumstances. Ten days 
 before it convened South Carolina had passed an ordinance of 
 secession, and before the 20th of January four other Southern 
 States had followed her example. Besides this, the preceding 
 national and State canvass had resulted in returning to the State 
 Legislature representatives of each of the four political parties 
 into which the people were divided. There were, in each branch 
 of the General Assembly, Breckinridge Democrats, Douglas 
 Democrats, Union or Bell-EA'ei'ett men, and Republicans, and in 
 neither Senate nor House was any one of these parties domi- 
 nant. January 4, 1861, Claiborne F. Jackson, author of the 
 famous " Jackson Resolution," was inaugurated as governor, 
 having been elected by the Douglas Democrats. While Gov. 
 Stewart's farewell message concluded with an eloquent appeal for 
 the maintenance of the Union, as he depicted the inevitable ruin 
 and bloodshed that must attend secession. Gov. Jackson's inaugu- 
 ral insisted that the interests of all the slave-holding States were 
 identical ; that in case the Union were really divided, it would be 
 the duty and privilege of Missouri to stand by the South; that 
 the State was in favor of remaining in the Union as long as there 
 was any hope of maintaining the guarantees of the constitution, 
 but that, in any event, he was utterly opposed to coercion. 
 
 Believing that Missouri was entitled to a voice in the settle- 
 ment of the questions then pending in the country, he recom- 
 mended the immediate call of a State convention, that the will of 
 the people might be ascertained. Such a convention was called 
 by Gov. Jackson, in accordance with an act of the Legislature, 
 and met at Jefferson City, February 28, 1861. Each senatorial 
 district sent to this convention three times as many delegates as 
 the number of members in the State Senate to which said district 
 was entitled. In all ninety-nine members were present, and the 
 
96 HISTOKY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 convention was permanently organized by the election of the fol- 
 lowing officers: Sterling Price, of Chariton County, president 
 (he was then regarded as a decided Union man) ; Kobert Wilson, 
 of Andrew County, vice-president; Samuel A. Lowe, of Pettis, 
 secretary; Kobert A. Campbell, of St. Louis, assistant secretary; 
 0. P. Anderson, of Moniteau, door-keeper; B. W. Grover, ser- 
 geant-at-arms. 
 
 On March 9, during an adjourned meeting at St. Louis, Mr. 
 Gamble, chairman of the Committee on Federal Eelations, re- 
 ported from the majority of that committee a list of resolutions, 
 which, after some amendments were adopted by the convention, 
 which thus refused to pass the ordinance of secession. 
 
 The amended resolutions are as follows: 
 
 1. Resolved, That at present there is no adequate cause to impel Missouri to 
 dissolve her connection with the Federal Union, hut on the contrary, she will 
 labor for such an adjustment of existing troubles as will secure the peace, as well 
 as the rights and equality of all the States. 
 
 2. Resohed, That the people of this State are devotedly attached to the insti- 
 tutions of our country, and earnestly desire that by a fair and amicable adjust- 
 ment all the causes of disagreement that at present unfortunately distract us as 
 a people, may be removed, to the end that our Union may be preserved and per- 
 petuated, and peace and harmony be restored between the North and South. 
 
 3. Resohed, That the people of this State deem the amendments to the Con- 
 stitution of the United Slates, proposed by the Hon. John J. Crittenden, of Ken- 
 tucky, with the extension of the same to the territory hereafter to be acquired 
 by treaty, or otherwise, a basis of adjustment which will successfully remove 
 the causes of diilerence forever from the arena of national politics. 
 
 4. Resolved, That the people of Missouri believe the peace and quiet of the 
 country will bei romoted by a convention to propose amendments to the Consti- 
 tution of the United States, and this convention therefore urges the Legislature 
 of this State and the other States to take the proper steps for calling such a con- 
 vention in pursuance of the fifth article of the constitution : and by providing 
 by law for an election by the people of such number of delegates as are to be 
 sent to such convention. 
 
 5. Resohed, That in the opinion of this convention, the employment of mili- 
 tary force by the Federal Government to coerce the submission of the seceding 
 States, or the employment of military force by the seceding States to assail the 
 Government of the United States, will inevitably plunge this country into civil 
 war, and thereby entirely extinguish the hope of an amicable settlement of the 
 fearful issues now pending before the country ; we therefore earnestly entreat, 
 as well the Federal Government as the seceding States, to withhold and stay the 
 arm of military power, and on no pretense whatever bring upon the nation the 
 horrors of civil war. And in order to the restoration of harmony and fraternal 
 feeling between the different sections we would recommend the policy of with- 
 drawing the Federal troops from the forts within the borders of the seceding 
 States, when there is danger of collision between the State and Federal troops. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 97 
 
 The sixth and seventh resolutions we omit because they have 
 no reference to war questions. Two of the resolutions will at- 
 tract the attention of every intelligent reader: the first, contain- 
 ing the explicit declaration that there was no adequate cause to 
 impel Missouri to dissolve her connection with the Federal Union ; 
 and the fifth wherein the convention took uncompromising ground 
 against the employment of military force by either the seced- 
 ing States or the nation. 
 
 It was with the earnest and patriotic purpose of averting civil 
 war that the Union men of Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and 
 other slave States entreated the Federal Government not to resort 
 to military force, but after the firing upon Fort Sumter and 
 other violent and unmistakably rebellious acts, these patriots as- 
 sumed more extreme views. 
 
 GOV. JACKSON AND THE MISSOUBI LEGISLATURE. 
 
 Upon President Lincoln's call for 75,000 men, Simon Cam- 
 eron, Secretary of War, issued a telegram to all of the loyal and 
 doubtful States, requesting each of them to detail from the mili- 
 tia of the State a certain number of men, as infantry or riflemen, 
 for a period of three months. 
 
 Missouri's quota was fixed at four regiments, which Gov. 
 Jackson was requested to furnish. The following was his reply : 
 
 Executive Department of Missodei, ( 
 Jefferson City, April 17, 1861. f 
 To the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C, 
 
 Sir: — Tour dispatch of the 15th inst., maliing a call on Missouri for four 
 regiments of men for immediate service has been received. There can be, I 
 apprehend, no doubt but these men are intended to form a part of the Presi- 
 dent's army to make war upon the people of the seceded States. Your requisi- 
 tion, in my judgment, is illegal, unconstitutional and revolutionary in its 
 objects, inhuman and diabolical, and cannot be complied with. Not one man 
 will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on such an unholy crusade. 
 
 C. F. Jackson, 
 Oovernor of Missouri. 
 
 Pursuant to a proclamation of Gov. Jackson, the State Legis- 
 lature convened in extra session May 2, 1861. In his mes- 
 sage to that body, the Governor reiterated the declaration 
 that the interests and sympathies of Missouri were identical 
 with those of the slave-holding States, and recommended the pol- 
 icy of arming the people and placing the State in an attitude of 
 defence. 
 
98 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 The Legislature responded by passing several important 
 measures, among which were the following: To authorize coun- 
 ties to loan money, not exceeding §30,000 each, to the State ; to 
 authorize the Banks of Missouri to issue $1, $2, and $3 notes to 
 the amount of SI, 500,000, instead of the same amount of larger 
 notes; to authorize the Governor to purchase or lease David Ball- 
 entine's foundry at Boonville for the manufacture of arms and 
 the munitions of war; to authorize the Governor to appoint one 
 major-general, who, in time of insurrection, invasion, or war, 
 should command the entire military force in the field ; to author- 
 ize the Governor, whenever in his opinion the security and wel- 
 fare of the State might require it, to take possession of the rail- 
 road and telegraph lines within the State ; to provide for the 
 organization, government and support of the "Missouri State 
 Guard;" and to authorize the Governor to borrow $1,000,000 to 
 arm and eqiiip the militia of the State to repel invasion, and pro- 
 tect the lives and property of the people. 
 
 SURRENDER OF CAMP JACKSON. 
 
 Into the midst of this body of busy legislators dropped the 
 news of the capture of Gamp Jackson, at St. Louis. 
 
 By order of Gov. Jackson, the United States arsenal at 
 Liberty, Clay County, had been seized April 20, 1861, and on 
 the same day of the Governor's proclamation calling an extra ses- 
 sion of the General Assembly the following general military order 
 was issued by Warwick Hough, then adjutant general of Mis- 
 souri: 
 
 ( General Orders Xo. 7. ) 
 
 Headquarters Adjutant General's Office, Mo., ) 
 Jefferson City, April 23, 1861. f 
 
 First. To attain a greater degree of efficiency and perfection in organiza- 
 tion and discipline, the commanding officers of the several military districts in 
 this State, having four or more legally organized companies therein, whose 
 armories are within fifteen miles of each other, will assemble their respective 
 commands at some place to be by them severally designated, on the 3d of May, 
 and to go into an encampment for the period of six days, as provided by law. 
 Captains of companies not organized into battalions will report the strength 
 of their companies immediately to these headquarters, and await further orders. 
 
 Second. The quartermaster-general will procure and issue to the quar- 
 termasters of districts, for those commands not now provided for, all necessary 
 tents and camp equipage, to enable the commanding officers thereof to carry the 
 foregoing orders into effect. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOUEI. 99 
 
 Third. The light battery now attached to the Southwest Battalion, and 
 one company of mounted riflemen, including all officers and soldiers belonging 
 to the First District, will proceed forthwith to St. Louis, and report to Gen. 
 D. M. Frost for duty. The remaining companies of said battalion will be dis- 
 banded for the purpose of assisting in the organization of companies upon that 
 frontier. The details in the execution of the foregoing are intrusted to Lieut. - 
 Col. John S. Bowen, commanding the battalion. 
 
 Fourth. The strength, organization and equipment of the several com- 
 panies in the districts will be reported at ouce to these headquarters, and divis- 
 ion inspectors will furnish all information which may be serviceable in ascer- 
 taining the condition of the State forces. 
 
 By order of the Governor. 
 
 Warwick Hough, 
 Adjutant- Oeneral of Missouri. 
 
 Pursuant to this order, the military encampment of Camp 
 Jackson, at Lindell's Grove, St. Louis, was organized May 3, by 
 Brig.-Gen. Daniel M. 'Frost, of the Missouri Militia. Its 
 object, as stated above, was said to be the attainment of greater 
 efficiency in the organization and drill of the State troops, but 
 there seemed to be reason for the suspicion, entertained by officers 
 of the United States Army, that Gov. Jackson, Gen. Frost 
 and their confr<?res, had some ulterior purpose in view. This 
 purpose was believed by many to be nothing less than the seizure 
 of the United States arsenal at St. Louis, and the military con- 
 trol of the State by those who, notwithstanding the anti-secession 
 voice of the people, were determined to link her destinies with 
 the Confederacy. 
 
 The stars and stripes floated over Camp Jackson, yet Capt. 
 Nathaniel Lyon, commandant of the arsenal, had in view the 
 sentiments of Gov. Jackson's inaugural and of his more 
 recent message to the Legislature, his response to the reqitisition 
 of the Secretary of War, the seizure of the arsenal at Liberty, 
 and the fact that two of the streets in the new camp were called 
 "Davis" and "Beauregard," after two of the most prominent 
 leaders of the Rebellion. Also Capt. Lyon discovered that 
 cannon and mortars in boxes, marked "Marble," and shot and 
 shell in barrels, had been landed at the St. Louis wharf and 
 hauled to Camp Jackson. 
 
 On the morning of May 10, Gen. Frost having been informed 
 that the United States troops were prejiaring for an attack upon 
 his camp addressed the following note to Capt. Lyon : 
 
100 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Headquarters, Camp Jackson, ) 
 Missouri Militia, May 10, 1861. f 
 Capt. N. Lyon, Commanding United States Troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal, 
 
 Sir: — I am constantly in receipt of information that you contemplate an at- 
 tack upon my camp, whilst I understand that you are impressed with the idea 
 that an attack upon the arsenal and United States troops is intended on the 
 part of the militia of Missouri. I am greatly at a loss to know what could 
 justify you in attacking citizens of the United States who are in the lawful 
 performance of duties devolving upon them under the constitution in organizing 
 and instructing the militia of the State in obedience to her laws, and therefore 
 have been disposed to doubt the correctness of the information I have received. 
 
 I would be glad to know from you, personally, whether there is any truth 
 in the statements that are constantly pouring into my ears. So far as regards any 
 hostility being intendent toward the United States, its property, or representatives 
 by any portionof mycommand.or asfar as I can learn(and I think I am fully 
 informed) of any other part of the State forces, I can positively say that the idea 
 has never been entertained. On the contrary, prior to your taking command of 
 the arsenal, I proffered to Maj. Bell, then ia command of the very few troops 
 constituting its guard, the services of myself and all my command, and if 
 necessary, the whole power of the State, to protect the United States in the full 
 possession of all her property. Upon Gen. Harney's taking command of this 
 department, I made the same proffer of services to him, and authorized his 
 adjutant-general, Capt. Williams, to communicate the fact that such had been 
 done to the war department. 1 have had no occasion since to change any of the 
 views I entertained at that time, neither of my own volition nor through orders 
 of my constitutional commander. 
 
 I trust that after this explicit statement we maj' be able, by fully under- 
 standing each other, to keep far from our borders the misfortunes which so 
 unhappily affect our common country. 
 
 This communication will be handed to you by Col. Bowen, my chief of 
 staff, who will be able to explain anything not fully set forth in the foregoing. 
 
 I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 Brig.-Gex. D. M. Frost, 
 Commanding Camp Jackson At. V. M. 
 
 On the day of this commuijication, and perhaps at the very 
 hour of its writing, Capt. Lyon was making active preparations 
 to march upon Camp Jackson. It was said that he refused to 
 receive the communication from Gen. Frost. 
 
 Between 2 and 3 o'clock, on the afternoon of the same day, 
 Gen. Frost received a note from Capt. Lyon as follows: 
 
 Headquarters United States Troops, ( 
 St. Louis, Mo., May 10, 1861. C 
 Gen. D. M. Frost, Commanding Camp Jackson, 
 
 Sir: — Your command is regarded as evidently hostile toward the Govern- 
 ment of the United States. 
 
 It is, for the most part, made up of those secessionists who have openly 
 avowed their hostility to the general Government, and have been plotting at 
 the seizure of its property and the overthrow of its authorit3^ You are openly 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 101 
 
 in communication with tlie so-called Southern Confederacy, which is now at war 
 with the United States, and you are receiving at your camp, from the said 
 Confederacy, and under its flag, large supplies of the material of war, most of 
 which is known to be the property of the United States. These extraordinary 
 preparations plainly indicate none other than the well known purpose of the 
 Governor of this State, under whose orders you are acting, and whose purpose, 
 recently communicated to the Legislature, has just been responded to by that 
 body in the most unparalleled legislation, having in direct view hostilities to 
 the general Government, and co-operation with its enemies. 
 
 In view of these considerations, and of your failure to disperse in obedience 
 to the proclamation of the President, and of the imminent necessities of State 
 policy and warfare, and the obligations imposed upon me by instructions from 
 Washington, it is my duty to demand, and I do hereby demand of you an 
 immediate surrender of your command, with no other conditions than that all 
 persons surrendering, under this demand, shall be humanely and kindly treated. 
 Believing myself prepared to enforce this demand, one-half hour's time before 
 doing so will be allowed for your compliance therewith. 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 N. Lyon, 
 Capt. Second Infantry, Commanding Troops. 
 
 Capt. Lyon's command numbered between 6,000 and 7,000 
 men, and about twenty pieces of artillery. With this force he 
 rapidly invested Camp Jackson, planting batteries on the over- 
 looking heights, and allowing none to pass the lines thus formed. 
 Many of the citizens seized whatever weapons they could lay 
 their hands upon, and rushed to the assistance of the State troops, 
 but were, of course, foiled in their design. Men, and numbers 
 of women and children, flocked to the neighboring hills, wishing 
 to obtain a view of the scene, and thinking themselves out of 
 harm's way. Upon the receipt of Capt. Lyon's communication. 
 Gen. Frost called a hasty consultation of the officers of his staff, 
 and as resistance seemed mere recklessness, a surrender upon the 
 proposed terms was quickly agreed to. The State troops were 
 therefore made prisoners of war, but an offer was made to release 
 them on condition that they would take an oath to support the 
 constitution of the United States, and would swear not to take up 
 arms against the Government. 
 
 All but eight or ten men refused to accede to these terms, on 
 the ground that having already sworn allegiance to the United 
 States and its Government, repeating their oath would be to ad- 
 mit that they had been in rebellion, which they would not con- 
 cede. 
 
 About half past five o'clock the prisoners of war left their 
 
102 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 camp, aud entered the road, the United States soldiers enclosing 
 them by a single file on each side of their line. Suddenly the 
 report of fire-arms was heard from the front of the column, which 
 was then opposite a small hill, on the left as one approaches the 
 city. It seems that some members of the United States com- 
 panies, upon being pressed by the crowd and receiving some 
 blows from them, turned, and without orders, discharged their 
 pieces. No one was injured, and the offending soldiers were im- 
 mediately placed under arrest. Hardly, however, had quiet been 
 restored, when repeated volleys of musketry were heard from the 
 extreme rear ranks, which were still at the entrance to the grove, 
 and the crowd of spectators were seen running wildlv from the 
 spot. Many, even while escaping, were shot down, and the 
 wounded and dying made the late beautiful field look like a bat- 
 tle-ground. The total number of citizens killed was twenty- 
 eight, including two ladies ; the wounded numbered about twenty- 
 five. On the part of the Federals, one officer, Caj^t. C. Blandow- 
 ski, and one private were killed and a dozen men were wounded. 
 As in the disturbance at the other end of the line, the arsenal 
 troops were attacked with stones, and shots were discharged at 
 them before they fired. * Not until he himself had been seriously 
 wounded did Capt. Blandowski give the order to fire on the mob.* 
 Gen. Frost's command was marched to the arsenal, and there 
 remained, as jsrisoners of war, until the following day. They 
 were then released, every man, Capt. Emmet McDonald excepted, 
 subscribing to the following parole : 
 
 St. Louis Arsenal, May, 11, 1861. 
 We, the undersigned, do pledge our words as gentlemen that we will not 
 take up arms nor serve in any military capacity against the United States, dur- 
 ing the present civil war. This parole shall be returned upon our surrendering 
 ourselves, at any time, as prisoners of war. While we make this pledge with the 
 fullintention of observing it, we hereby protest against the injustice of its ex- 
 action. 
 
 The following letter, written by Gen. Frost to Gov. Jackson, and 
 dated January 24, 18(31, was afterward captured with other Con- 
 federate records. It pours a flood of light upon the events which 
 
 *In his report of the affair lien. Lyon says: " Tlie s.id results are much to be lanienteil Tlie 
 killing of innocent men, women and children is deplorable. There was no intention to fire upon 
 peaceable citizens. The regular troops were over in the camp, beyond the mob, and in range of the 
 firing. The troops manifested every forbearance, aud at last discharged their guns in simply obey- 
 ing the imjmlse, natural to all, of self-defence. If innocent men, women and children, whose curi- 
 osity placed them in a dangerous position, suffered with the guilty, it is no fault of the troops." 
 
HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 103 
 
 transpired previous to the beginning of the war in Missouri. 
 
 Maj. Bell, it will be remembered, was superseded by Capt. Lyon, 
 
 as commandant at the arsenal : 
 
 St. Louis, Missouri, January 24, 1861. 
 His Excellency, C. F. Jackson, Oovernor of Missouri, 
 
 Dear Sir: — I have just returned from the arsenal, where I have had an 
 interview with Maj. Bell, the commanding officer of that place. I found the 
 Major everything that you or I could desire. He assured me that he considered 
 that Missouri had, whenever the time came, a right to claim it as being upon 
 her soil. He asserted his determination to defend it against any and all irre- 
 sponsible mobs, come from whence they might, but at the same time gave me 
 to understand that he would not attempt any defense against the proper State 
 authorities. 
 
 He promised me, upon the honor of an officer and a gentleman, that he 
 would not suffer any arms to be removed from the place without first giving me 
 timely information; and I, in return, promised him that I would use all the 
 force at my command to prevent him being annoyed by irrespousible persons. 
 I at the same time gave him notice that if affairs assumed so threatening a 
 character as to render it unsafe to leave the place in its comparatively unpro- 
 tected condition, that I might come down and quarter a proper force there to 
 protect it from the assaults of any persons whatsoever, to which he assented. In 
 a word, the Major is with us, where he ought to be, for all his worldly wealth 
 lies here in St. Louis (and it is very large), and then, again, his sympathies are 
 with us. 
 
 I shall, therefore, rest perfectly easy, and use all my influence to stop the 
 sensationalists from attracting the particular attention of the Government to this 
 particular spot. The telegraphs you received were the sheerest "canards" of 
 persons who, without discretion, are extremely anxious to show their zeal. I 
 shall be thoroughly prepared with the proper force to act as emergency may 
 require. The use of force will only be resorted to when nothing else will avail 
 to prevent the shipment or removal of arms. 
 
 The Major informed me that he had arms for 40,000 men, with all the appli- 
 ances to manufacture munitions of almost every kind. 
 
 This arsenal, if properly looked after, will be everything to our State, and 
 I intend to look after it — very quietly, however. I have every confidence in the 
 word of honor pledged to me by the Major, and would as soon think of doubting 
 the oath of the best man in the community. 
 
 His idea is that it would be disgraceful to him as a military man to surrender 
 to a mob, whilst he could do so, without compromising his dignity to the State 
 authorities. Of course I did not show him your order, but I informed him that 
 you had authorized me to act as I might think proper to protect the public 
 property. 
 
 He desired that I would not divulge his peculiar views, which I promised 
 not to do except to 3'0ur9elf. I beg, therefore, that you will say nothing that 
 might compr(uuise him eventually with the general Government, for thereby I 
 would be placed in an awkward position, whilst he would probably be removed, 
 which would be unjileasant to our interests. 
 
 Grimsley, as you doubtless know, is an unconscionable jackass, and only 
 desires to make himself notorious. It was through him that McLaren and 
 George made the mistake of telegraphing a falsehood to you. 
 
; 
 
 104 HISTOEY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 I should be pleased to hear whether you approve of the course I have 
 adopted, and if not, I am ready to take any other that you. as my commander, 
 may suggest. 
 
 I am, sir, most truly, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 D. M. Frost. 
 
 Upon the capture of Camp Jackson, and the consequent dis- 
 astrous collision between some of the United States troops and 
 the people, the wildest excitement prevailed throughout the 
 State. The most sensational reports flew abroad of the brutal 
 murder of men, women and children by an infuriated soldiery, of 
 their charge with fixed bayonets upon an unoffending crowd of 
 citizens, and of their committing the most horrid outrages upon 
 these innocent victims. People in various localities rose to 
 avenge the reported terrible slaiighter, and the whole State was 
 in a frenzy of indignation. 
 
 FINAL EFFORTS TOWAED CONCILIATION. 
 
 Two days after the captiu-e of Camp Jackson, Brig. -Gen. 
 William S. Harney, commandant of the department, returned to 
 St. Louis from Washington, and issued a proclamation, in which 
 he called upon the people to resume their accustomed peaceful 
 vocations, and assured them that he would only use " the military 
 force stationed in this district in the last resort to preserve the 
 peace." 
 
 After two more days, Gen. Harney issued a second procla- 
 mation in which he characterized the " Military Bill," passed by 
 the recent Legislature, as " an indirect secession ordinance, 
 ignoring even the forms resorted to by other States," and as 
 unconstitutional and void. He spoke approvingly of the over- 
 throw of Camp Jackson, upon the ground that it had been 
 "organized in the interests of the secessionists," the men openly 
 wearing the dress and badge of the Southern Confederacy ; and 
 that arms had been received into the camp which had been 
 unlawfully taken from the United States arsenal at Baton Rouge, 
 and shipped up the river in boxes marked "marble." He 
 declared that "no government in the world would be entitled to 
 respect, that would tolerate for a moment, such openly treasonable 
 preparations;" but added that it was but simple justice to suppose 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 105 
 
 that there were many loyal men in the camp who were in no way 
 responsible for its treasonable character. He disclaimed all 
 intention of interfering with the prerogatives of the State, but 
 expressed in plain terms that the " supreme law of the land 
 must be obeyed, and that no subterfuges, whether in the form 
 of legislative acts or otherwise," could be permitted to har- 
 ass the law abiding people of Missouri. He promised that his 
 authority should be used to protect their persons and property, 
 and that he would suppress all unlawful combinations of men, 
 formed under any pretext whatsoever. 
 
 Gen. Harney's policy was to preserve peace as long as it 
 could be done, and the authority of the national Government 
 preserved. Accordingly he held a conference at St. Louis, May 
 21, 1861, with Gen. Sterling Price, whom Gov. Jackson had placed 
 at the head of the Missouri State Guard, which resulted in an 
 amicable agreement, signed by both generals, which undertook 
 to calm the popular excitement and prevent fiirther bloodshed. 
 
 The authorities at Washington disapproved of the Harney- 
 Price compact, and they had already given orders that Capt. 
 Lyon should succeed the former general in command of the de- 
 partment. Before, however, the order for his displacement 
 reached him. Gen. Harney, in consequence of his agreement 
 with Gen. Price, removed the Federal troops from the siiburbs 
 of St. Louis, Col. Sigel's regiment remaining at the arsenal. 
 Gov. Jackson and Gen. Price, on their part, disbanded the State 
 troops at Jefferson City and St. Joseph, and ordered them home, 
 there to drill and receive military instruction. 
 
 Another conference was held in St. Louis between Gen. Lyon, 
 Col. Frank P. Blair, Ji-., and Maj. F. A. Conant, on the one side, 
 and Gov. C. F. Jackson, Gen. Sterling Price and Col. Thomas 
 L. Snead, on the other. The interview lasted six hours, but re- 
 sulted in nothing except to make the terrible truth evident that 
 their differences could not be peaceably adjusted. 
 
 This final effort at conciliation having failed. Gov. Jackson 
 and his associates left for Jefferson City the same night, burning 
 railroad bridges and cutting the telegraph wires behind them. 
 
 PROCLAMATION BY GOV. JACKSON. 
 
 On the next day (June 12) Gov. Jackson issued a procla- 
 
106 HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 mation, calling iBto active seryice 50,000 State Militia "for 
 the purpose of repelling invasion, and for the protection of 
 the lives, liberty and property of the citizens of this State." He 
 instructed the people that their first allegiance was due to their 
 own State; that they were "under no obligation, whatever, to obey 
 the unconstitutional edicts of the military despotism which had 
 enthroned itself at Washington, nor submit to the infamous and 
 degrading sway of its wicked minions in this State." He de- 
 clared that no brave and true-hearted Missourian would obey the 
 one or submit to the other; and he called upon them to rise and 
 " drive out ignominiously the invaders who have dared to dese- 
 crate the soil which your labors have made fruitful, and which is 
 consecrated by your homes." This proclamation was the signal 
 for civil war in Missouri, and immediately upon its publication 
 active military movements within the State began. 
 
 THE LEGISLATURE AGAIN. 
 
 The "Missouri State Guard" bill was before the Legislature, 
 and was meeting with much opposition, when the news of the 
 attack on Camp Jackson so affected the minds of the legislators 
 that they passed the act in less than fifteen minutes. 
 
 About 11 o'clock the same night the whole city of Jefferson 
 was aroused by the pealing of bells and the shouts of men sum- 
 moning the Legislature to the Capitol. There they went into 
 secret session until past 3 o'clock in the morning. The cause of 
 this sudden panic was the recejition of a telegram, afterward 
 asserted to be bogus, to the effect that 2,000 Federal troops 
 would leave St. Louis that night for the express purpose of cap- 
 turing the Governor, State officers and members of the Legis- 
 lature, then convened at Jefferson City. To pi-event this antici- 
 pated raid the railroad bridge across the Osage Kiver was burned, 
 and the next day 12,000 kegs of powder were sent off in wagons to 
 secret places of safety, while the money in the State Treasury was 
 moved out of town to keep it out of the hands of the expected 
 marauders. When the truth became known, comparative quiet 
 was restored. 
 
 In accordance with the power conferred iipon Gov. Jackson 
 by an act of the Legislature before mentioned, he appointed 
 Sterling Price major-general of the Missouri State Guard. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 107 
 
 On the clay before the final acljonrnment, Mr. George G. 
 Vest, now a resident of Kansas City and a United States senator, 
 made the following report to the House of Bepresentatives from 
 the Committee on Federal Relations. 
 
 Whereas, We have learned with astonishment and indignation that troops 
 in the service of the Federal Government have surrounded and taken prisoners 
 of war the encampment of Slate militia lately assembled near the city of St. 
 Louis, in pursuance of law and by command of the Governor, for the purpose 
 alone of military instruction; And Whekeas, The United States troops aforesaid, 
 assisted by a mob armed under Federal authority, have also murdered with un- 
 paralleled atrocity, defenseless men, women and children, citizens of Missouri, 
 lawfully and peacefully assembled. Now, therefore, 
 
 Resolved by the House of Representatires, the Senate concurring therein, That 
 we, the representatives of the people of Missouri, in general assembly convened, 
 do hereby protest to the civilized world, and especially our sister States, against 
 this illegal, unchristian and inhuman violation of our rights by the capture of 
 our militia, assembled under the constitution of the United States, and the 
 constitution of the State, and the murder of our defenseless people; 
 
 Resulred, Second. That whilst Missouri has !/een loyal to the Government, 
 struggling for its reconstruction, and is now sincerely desirous of an honorable 
 adjustment of existing difiiculties, she has received as reward for her fidelity from 
 persons assuming to act under Federal authority, unparalleled insult and wrong. 
 An armed despotism, under infuriated partisan leaders, has been inaugurated in 
 our midst, controlled by no law but passion, and actuated I)y the deepest hate 
 against the people of Missouri and their institutions. Our railroads are now 
 under military occupation. The steamboat " C. E. Hilman" engaged in trans- 
 porting goods from the city of St. Louis to the city of Nashville, has been seized 
 by Government troops within the jurisdiction of this State,and the cargo taken 
 out. The capitol of the State js openly threatened with capture, and our session 
 is now being held in the midst of armed citizens hastily assembled for defense. 
 
 Resolved. Third, That it is the unquestioned, constitutional right of the 
 State to arm, equip and organize her militia for defense against aggression from 
 any quarter; and the attempt by Capt. Lyon, acting, as he says, under author- 
 ity from Washington, to use the exercise of this right as an excuse for his con- 
 duct, evinces but too clearly a disposition upon the part of the authorities at 
 Washington to disregard and trample upon the sacred rights of the people of 
 Missouri. 
 
 Resolved, Fourth, That the charge of Capt. Lyon in his letter to Gen. Frost, 
 that the proceedings of the State authorities or of this general assembly, at any 
 time, furnished a pretext for the course jxirsued by him. is entirely gratuitous 
 and false. 
 
 Resolved. Fifth, That the Governor of the State be hereby directed to make 
 demand of the President of the United Stales, whether these outrages have 
 been authorized by the Government, and for the immediate return of the arms, 
 camp equipage and other property belonging to this State, lately taken from 
 our military near St. Louis, and for the unconditional release of our State 
 troops. 
 
 Resolved, Sixth, That the Governor be requested to take instant action by 
 calling forth the militia of the State for the purpose of defense; and that the 
 
108 HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 people of Missouri should rally as one man to perish, if necessary, in defending 
 their constitutional rights. 
 
 Jiesolred, That the governor be requested to furnish a copy of the foregoing 
 preamble and resolutions to the President of the United States, and to the 
 Governor of each of the States. 
 
 That these resohitions were passed in the House without a 
 single dissenting Tote is an evidence of the extraordinary excite- 
 ment which prevailed, not only among the people, but also in the 
 Legislature. 
 
 Immediately upon the adjournment of that body, Gov. Jack- 
 son and the larger part of the State officers abandoned the Capi- 
 tol, believing that delay would probably result in their falling 
 into the hands of the United States militia and becoming prison- 
 ers of war. In September Gov. Jackson issued a proclamation, 
 calling the General Assembly to meet in extra session at Neosho, 
 Newton County, on the 21st day of October. At the time this 
 official act was performed the Governor was a fugitive from the 
 State capitol, and the State Convention, on the 31st of July, had 
 declared his seat vacant, together with those of the members of 
 the Legislature; and on the same day had invested Hamilton 
 R. Gamble wi^h the authority and obligations of Governor of 
 Missouri. 
 
 Gov. Jackson's proclamation declared that the United States 
 authorities had " — in violation of the constitution of the 
 United States, waged a ruthless war upon the people of the State 
 of Missouri, murdering our citizens, destroying our property, 
 and, as far as in their power lay, desolating our land. I have in 
 vain endeavored to secure your constitutional rights by peaceable 
 means, and have only resorted to war when it became necessary 
 to repel the most cruel and long-continued aggressions. War 
 now exists between the State of Missouri and the Federal Gov- 
 ernment, and a state of war is incompatible with the contimiance 
 of our union with that Government. Therefore, for the purpose 
 of giving to the representatives of the people of Missouri an op- 
 portunity of determining whether it be proper now to dissolve 
 the constitutional bonds which binds us to the Government of 
 the United States, when all other bonds between us are broken, 
 I, Claiborne F. Jackson," etc. 
 
 In response to this proclamation, thirty-nine members of the 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 109 
 
 House and ten members of the Senate assembled at Neosho in 
 October. The proceediVigs of the Senate, afterward captured, 
 sliow that during the first few days nothing was done but bring 
 in absent members. In order to consitute a quorum there must 
 have been present sixty-seven members of the House and seven- 
 teen members of the Senate. As it was impossible to muster that 
 number, Gov. Jackson's message was read to those who were 
 present. He recommended the passage of an ordinance of seces- 
 sion, and also the passage of a law aiithorizing the election of 
 senators a,nd representatives to the Confederate Congress. 
 
 An act, declaring the union between Missouri and the United 
 States dissolved, passed both houses of this fragmentary Legis- 
 lature, and as far as that body was concerned the connection be- 
 tween the State and the general Government was broken. This 
 Senate met again at Cassville, Barry County, October 31, 1861, 
 and November 7, adjourning to meet at New Madrid on tlie first 
 Monday in March, 18G2; but that meeting was never held. Gov. 
 Jackson's death occurred December 6, 1862, at a farmhouse on 
 the Arkansas River opposite Little Rock. 
 
 THE STATE CONVENTION FURTHER TRANSACTIONS. 
 
 On the 31st of July, 1861, this body elected Hamilton R. 
 Gamble, Willard P. Hall and Mordecai Oliver, respectively Gov- 
 ernor, Lieutenant-Governor and Secretary of State, to succeed 
 Claiborne F. Jackson, Thomas C. Reynolds and Benjamin F. 
 Massey, whose seats had been declared vacant. 
 
 At another session held in St. Louis, and beginning October 
 10, 1861, the board of public works and the ofiices of State 
 superintendent of public schools and county school commis- 
 sioners were abolished, the salaries of all civil officers were re- 
 duced 20 per cent, and test oaths of loyalty for civil officers and 
 citizens were authoritatively promulgated. 
 
 On June 2, 1862, the convention assembled at Jefferson City, 
 declared vacant the seats of Sterling Price, late president of the con- 
 vention, and of others who had joined the secessionists; laid upon 
 the table an ordinance offered by Mr. Breckinridge providing for 
 the gradual emancipation of the slaves in the State; passed an 
 ordinance continuing the provisional government until August, 
 
110 HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 1864, at which time, according to arrangements already made, 
 their successors would be elected and qualified, and provided that 
 no person should vote at any election thereafter held in the State, 
 under its constitution and laws, who should not previously take 
 the following oath : 
 
 I, do solemnly swear (or affirm as the case may be) that I will sup- 
 port, protect and defend the constitution of the United States, and the consti- 
 tution of the State of Missouri, against all enemies or opposers, whether domes- 
 tic or foreign; that I will bear true faith, loyalty and allegiance to the United 
 States, and will not, directly or indirectly, give aid or comfort, or countenance 
 to the enemies or opposers thereof, or of the provisional government of the State 
 of Missouri, any ordinance, law or resolution of any State convention or Legis- 
 lature, or of any order or organization, secret or otherwise, to the contrar}- not- 
 withstanding; and that I do tliis with a full and honest determination, pledge 
 and purpose, faithfully to keep and perform the same, without any mental res- 
 ervation or evasion whatever. And I do solemnly swear (or aflarm) that I have 
 not since the 17th day of December, A.D. 1861, wilfully taken up arms, or levied 
 war against the United States, or against the provisional government of the 
 State of Missouri, so help me God. 
 
 A similar oath was prescribed for all civil oflScers, and for 
 jurymen and attorneys. 
 
 On June 15, 1863, pursuant to a proclamation from Gov. 
 Gamble, the convention met to devise measures for the gradual 
 emancipation of the slaves. Without especially noting the action 
 of the convention on the various propositions submitted, or the 
 several amendments to these propositions, it is enough to say 
 that on July 1, the fifteenth day of the session, the ordinance as 
 amended was passed. It is as follows : 
 
 Be it ordained by the people of the State of Missouri in convention assembled: 
 
 Section 1. The first and second clauses of the twenty-sixth section of the 
 third article of the constitution are hereby abrogated. 
 
 Sec. 3. That slavery and involuntary servitude, except for the punishment 
 of crime, shall cease to exist in Missouri on the 4th day of July, 1870, and all slaves 
 within the State at that day are hereby declared to be free; Protided, however, 
 That all persons emancipated by this ordinance shall remain under the control, and 
 be subject to the authority of their late owners or their legal representatives, as 
 servants, during the following period, to-wit: Those over forty years for and dur- 
 ing their lives; those under twelve years of age until they arrive at the age of 
 twenty-three years, and those of all other ages until the 4th of July, 1870. The 
 persons or their legal representatives, who, up to the moment of the emanci- 
 pation were the owners of the slaves thus freed, shall, during the period for 
 which the services of such freed men are reserved to them, have the same au- 
 thority and control over the said freed men for the purpose of receiving the pos. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. Ill 
 
 session and service of the saine, that are now held absolutely by the master in 
 respect to his slave. Provided, /loicerer. That after the said 4th day of July, 1870, 
 no person so held to service shall be sold to a nonresident of, or removed from the 
 State of Missouri, by authority of his late owner or his legal representatives. 
 
 Sbc. 3. That all slaves hereafter brought into this State, and not now be- 
 longing to citizens of this State, shall thereupon be free. 
 
 Sec. 4. All slaves removed by consent of their owners to any seceded 
 State, after the passage by such State of an act or ordinance of secession, and 
 hereafter brought into this State by their owners, shall thereupon be free. 
 
 Sec. 5. The General Assembly shall have no power to pass laws to emanci- 
 pate slaves without the consent of their owners. 
 
 Sec. 6. After the passage of this ordinance no slaves in this State shall be 
 subject to State, county or municipal taxes. 
 
 Wednesday, July 1. 1803, the convention, after having held various sessions, 
 since its first meeting, Februar}' 38, 18G1, adjourned sine die. 
 
 EMANCIPATION PKOCLAMATION AND THE XIIITH AMENDMENT. 
 
 In connection witli the emancipation measures of the State of 
 Missouri, it may not be amiss to give a brief recital of the various 
 means by which slavery in the United States was finally ob- 
 literated. 
 
 President Lincoln's policy was for some time criticised as 
 timid and slow. His more hardy and aggressive advisers de- 
 manded that the negroes be either emancipated or declared con- 
 traband of war at once, as the Southern armies could never be 
 beaten while 4,000,000 of blacks, without cost or remuneration, 
 were at home tilling the soil for the support of the whites in the 
 field. After waiting long enough to see that the South did not 
 want peace upon any terms save a permanent withdrawal from 
 the Union, and recognition by the North as an independent, 
 sovereign power, he issued a pi-ovisional proclamation of emanci- 
 pation on September 22, 1862. On the 1st of January, 1863, the 
 President issued one of the most important documents of modern 
 times — the emancipation proclamation. This could have been de- 
 fended throughout the world as an act of progressive and civilized 
 humanity, but it was in reality a war measure, it having become 
 necessary to strike an effective blow against the labor system at 
 the South, and as such was fully sanctioned by the laws and 
 usages of nations. This proclamation is here given in full: 
 
 Whereas, On the 23d day of September, 1863, a proclamation was issued 
 by the President of the United States, containing among other things the fol- 
 lowing, to wit: 
 
112 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 " That on the 1st day of January, 1863, all persons held as slaves within any 
 State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebell- 
 ion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward and forever free, 
 and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and 
 naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such per- 
 sons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any 
 efforts they make make for their actual freedom. 
 
 " That the Executive will, OQ the 1st day of January, aforesaid, by proclama" 
 tion. designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people 
 thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States, and 
 the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith 
 represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto, at 
 elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have par" 
 ticipated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed 
 conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in 
 rebellion against the United States." 
 
 Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by vir- 
 tue of the power in me vested as commander in chief of the army and navy of 
 the United States, in time of actual armed rebellion against the authoritj' and 
 Government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for 
 suppressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, 1863, and, in accordance 
 with my purpose so to do. publicly proclaim for the full period of 100 days from 
 the day first above mentioned, order and designate, as tlie States and parts of 
 States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against 
 the United States, the following, to wit: 
 
 Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Plaque- 
 mine, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre 
 Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. ]^Iartin and Orleans, including the citj- of New 
 Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Caro- 
 lina and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, 
 and also the counties of Berkley, Accormac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, 
 York, Princess Ann and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Ports- 
 mouth), and which excepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if this 
 proclamation were not issued. 
 
 And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid I do order and 
 declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts 
 of States are and henceforward shall be free ; and that the Executive Govern- 
 ment of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, 
 will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons. 
 
 And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free, to abstain from 
 all violence, unless in necessary self-defense, and I recommend to them that in 
 aU cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. 
 
 And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable con- 
 dition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison 
 forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said 
 service. 
 
 And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by 
 the constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of 
 mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 113 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name, and caused the seal of 
 the United States to be affixed. 
 
 Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, 
 [l. 8.] in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
 
 three, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty- 
 seventh. Abraham Lincoln. 
 By the President: 
 
 William H. Seward, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 As the State of Missouri was loyal to the Union, and was at 
 the time of the proclamation represented in Congress by her 
 chosen representatives, the provisions of that document had no 
 effect upon slavery within her borders. As has been seen, the 
 people of the State, throiigh their legislators and their State 
 convention ordinances had adopted emancipation, but that action 
 was superseded by the Thirteenth Amendment to the constitu- 
 tion of the United States, which was ratified by thirty-three 
 States, including Missouri, ratified conditionally by Alabama and 
 Mississippi, and rejected only by Delaware and Kentucky. As 
 the permission of three-fourths of the States was all that was 
 necessary for the adoption of the amendment, it was declared in 
 force by President Johnson in 1865, although Lincoln himself 
 lived to see it proposed. It is as follows : 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punish- 
 ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist 
 within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 3. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate 
 legislation. 
 
 Thus, after an existence of more than two hundred and forty 
 years, the institution of African slavery in the United States was 
 swept away. Although it was the purpose of the general Gov- 
 ernment to discriminate carefully between Union and non-Uuion 
 slave holders, and to sufficiently indemnify the former class 
 against all losses occasioned by the freeing of their slaves, yet in 
 many cases loyal men were ruined financially in this great over- 
 throw of Southern institutions, and all classes suffered together. 
 
 CAMPAIGN OF 1861. BOONVILLE. 
 
 Jackson and Price had collected, at Boonville, a military 
 force of from 3,000 to 4,000 men. This force was poorly 
 
114 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 armed, possessed of but a single piece of artillery, undisciplined, 
 and deficient in organization and competent officers, yet tbey 
 were eager to meet the troops, which under command of Lyon 
 and Blair were coming up the river to attack them. On the eve 
 of battle. Price was taken seriously ill, and was obliged to go 
 home; therefore the Confedei'ates marched under command of 
 Col. John S. Marmaduke, to meet the advancins column of Lyon's 
 forces. The latter had disembarked at Kocheport, and were ad- 
 vancing with six pieces of artillery in the direction of Boonville, 
 when they encountered the State troops about midway between 
 the two places. Capt. Totten, of the Unionists, opened the en- 
 gagement by throwing a few nine-pounder explosives into the 
 State ranks, while the infanti-y of the former filed obliquely, right 
 and left, and commenced a terrific volley of musketry, which was 
 at first vigorously returned. Col. Marmaduke was stationed 
 in a lane, leading toward the river from the road by which the 
 United States troops were advancing, and in a brick house 
 on the northeast corner of the two roads. A couple of shells were 
 thrown into the house, dispersing the State troops in great con- 
 fusion. This, together with the well-directed fire of the infantry 
 from the right and left, soon forced Col. Marmaduke's men to 
 fall back, but they again formed in line of battle, and advanced 
 a few feet to meet the Union forces. The cannon were now 
 brought into requisition, and the State troops opened a galling 
 musketry fire fi'om a grove on the left of Lyon's center, and' from 
 a shed still further to the left. 
 
 The skirmish now became a battle. Lyon's force yas 2,000 
 in all, but not more than 500 were at any one time engaged. There 
 were 1,500 of the State troops, but neither were they all continu- 
 ally in the conflict. Lyon brought his artillery tp bear with 
 deadly effect, and a forward movement on the right decided the 
 engagement, the State forces retreating in great disorder. Such 
 was the confusion of this retreat that this battle is often jocularly 
 styled " the Bo.onville Races. " 
 
 The Federal forces took possession of "Camp Vest" and the 
 city of Boonville. At the former there were found twenty or 
 thirty tents, fifty guns, a large number of shoes and other cloth- 
 ing, a quantity of blankets and ammunition and two secession 
 flags. 
 
 i 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 115 
 
 CAKTHAGE. 
 
 Tlie lead mines in the southwest part of the State became 
 an object of great importance to the Confederate Government, 
 which, hoping to secure them, dispatched large bodies of 
 troops from Arkansas and Texas. On July 5, a scouting party, 
 sent out by Col. Franz Sigel, encountered, about two miles from 
 Carthage, a picket guard of the State troops, who were taken 
 prisoners. As soon as possible Col. Sigel prepared to advance, 
 expecting to find the State troops some distance west of the town. 
 About half-past 9 o'clock the armies met in an open prairie, 
 seven miles beyond Carthage. The State forces numbered per- 
 haps 5,000 men, mostly cavalry, but had a battery of five cannon. 
 Col. Sigel's command comprised his own regiment of two bat- 
 talions, and Col. Salomon's detached regiment, with several 
 pieces of artillery, under command of Maj. Backoff. Col. Sigel's 
 and Col. Salomon's men numbered together 1,100. Gens. Par- 
 sons and Rains were in command of the State troops. Maj. 
 Backoff, by direction of Col. Sigel, opened fire, and in less than 
 two hours the battery of the opposing forces was silenced. The 
 superior arms of the Federals enabled them to maintain a siti^a- 
 tion of comparatively little danger. The State ranks were twice 
 broken, but rallied, and held their position until their guns gave 
 out, when their column was again broken. 
 
 At this time a large body of the Confederate cavalry was 
 sent back to cut off Sigel's transportation train. Seeing this 
 movement, he ordered a retreat, and sent word for the wagons to 
 advance as quickly as possible. By keeping up an incessant fire 
 with the infantry, and using the artillery whenever practicable, 
 Sigel managed to retard the advance of the cavalry, and to fall 
 back in good order, some three and a half miles, t6 the baggage 
 train. The wagons were then placed in the center of the column 
 in such a manner that there were artillery and infantry forces 
 both in front and rear. At this the State forces retreated, and 
 attempted to siirround the entire column, taking a position upon 
 some bluffs overlooking a creek. There was but one road across 
 this stream, and, to change his position without further retreat, 
 it was necessary for Sigel to cross the hill where the State cav- 
 alry were mainly stationed. 
 
116 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Maj. Backoff ordered two of the artillery pieces in front to 
 oblique to the left, and two to the right, and at the same time a 
 corresponding moYement was made from Sigel's battalion. This 
 maneuver led the State troops into the belief that the Federals 
 were seeking to outflank their cavalry. Accordingly the forces 
 on the bluffs closed up to the right and left, when, on reaching 
 a point 300 yards from them. Backoff's artillery was ordered to 
 transverse oblique, and immediately opened a terrible cross-fire 
 with cannister. At the same time the Federal infantry charged 
 at double quick, and in ten minutes the State troops were dis- 
 persed in every direction. 
 
 This engagement, with the maneuvering, occupied about two 
 hours. The State cavalry were poorly ai'med and mounted, and 
 having no cannon on the bluffs could make but little resistance to 
 the attacks of Col. Sigel. Forty-five men and eighty horses were 
 taken by the Federals, also a quantity of double-barreled shot- 
 guns and some revolvers and bowie-knives. The loss of the 
 State troops was estimated at 250 or 300 men. However these 
 forces still prevented Sigel's advance over the creek, and that 
 officer was compelled to retreat in the direction of Carthage, the 
 State troops following and surrounding the column on three 
 sides, although kept at a distance by the infantry fire. 
 
 Sigel's command reached Carthage at half past six o'clock, and 
 at once attempted to enter the woods about a mile distant. This 
 movement the State cavalry resisted, knowing that they could 
 do nothing in the timber. An effort to rally the cavalry to a 
 charge was made, which brought the whole of Sigel's infantry 
 into action. After some hard fighting that officer got his men 
 into the woods and forced the State troops to relinquish the pui"- 
 suit. The latter returned to Carthage intending to renew the 
 battle in the morning. In this last engagement the State 
 troops lost ten killed and sixty-four wounded. The dispatchers 
 of Col. Sigel placed his loss during the whole day at thirteen 
 killed and thirty-one wounded. 
 
 Notwithstanding the terrible fatigue of the day — his men 
 having been in action nearly twelve hours — Sigel continued 
 his retreat. A forced march was made to Sarcoxie, in the south- 
 east-corner of the county (Jasper), a distance of twelve or four- 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 117 
 
 teen miles. There the Federal troops went into camp at 3 o'clock 
 in the morning. On the following afternoon the retreat was con- 
 tinued to Mount Vernon, Lawrence County, where, for a time, 
 Sigel established his headquarters. 
 
 THE WESTERN DEPARTMENT. 
 
 On July 3, 1861, the Western Department was created, com- 
 prising Illinois and the States and Territories west of the Missis- 
 sippi and east of the Eocky Mountains, including New Mexico. 
 The headquarters of this department were at St. Louis, where, 
 previous to its establishment, Gen. Harney, and, afterward, Gen. 
 Lyon, were in command. Gen. John C. Fremont, who was a son- 
 in-law of Senator Benton, and had been a candidate for the pres- 
 idency in 1856, was appointed to the command of the new depart- 
 ment, and assumed the duties of his office on the 26th of July. 
 
 The authorities at Washington, perplexed by the disastrous 
 defeat at Bull Eun, were so absorbed with the defenses of the 
 National Capital, and with military operations at the East, as to 
 be unable to give necessary aid to the Western Department. 
 Fremont finally obtained $100,000 from the National sub-treas- 
 urer at St. Louis, with which he proceeded to secure the re-enlist- 
 ment of many of the three months' men, whose tei'ms had expired, 
 and to fortify the city against any probable attack. Harassed by 
 a lack of resources, Fremont was soon placed in a dilemma, oc- 
 casioned by the exigencies of the campaign in Missouri. The 
 Confederate general. Pillow, was reported to be advancing 
 with a large number of troops against Cairo and Bird's Point, 
 while Gen. Hardee was pushing into the interior of Missouri to 
 annoy Gen. Lyon's flank and rear. In addition to all this, Lieut.- 
 Gov. Eeynolds, Gov. Jackson being temporarily absent, elated 
 with the Confederate victory at Bull Eun, issued a proclamation 
 to the people of Missouri, in which he alluded to the State con- 
 vention as merely a tool in the hands of their enemies, assured 
 them that peace and security could only be obtained through 
 union with the South, and called upon them to rally as one man 
 to the standard of the State, and aid Gen. Pillow in expelling the 
 invader from their borders. 
 
 In view of this variety of changes, Gen. Fremont decided to 
 
118 HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 secure Bird's Point against the attack of Gen. Pillow, but upon 
 sending an expedition to that place, found that the menace against 
 it was merely intended as a diversion. 
 
 Meanwhile, after the battle of Boonyille, Gen. Lyon, with a 
 force of nearly 3,000 men, four pieces of artillery and a long bag- 
 gage train, left that place, and followed in pursuit of the State 
 troops, who were reported to have fled to Syracuse and beyond. 
 At Grand River, a branch of the Osage, in Henry County, he 
 was reinforced by 3,000 Kansas troops under command of Maj. 
 S. D. Sturgis. When within eighty miles of Springfield, Lyon 
 heard of Sigel's battle at Carthage and determined to change his 
 course and march to his relief. Notwithstanding the intensely 
 hot weather, and the fatigue of his infantry, early on the morn- 
 ing of July 10 Lyon's army moved from their encampment and 
 forced their way among the hills, gorges and forests that lay in 
 their path. After they had proceeded fifty miles, a messenger 
 from Sigel brought definite information of the desperate en- 
 counter at Carthage, and that Sigel's little army was now at 
 Springfield. Therefore Lyon, marching more leisurely, accom- 
 plished the remaining thirty miles of the journey in two days. 
 
 Encamped near Springfield, he now prepared to meet the 
 enemy who were his superior in numbers and constantly increas- 
 ing. It was now that he repeatedly called upon Gen. Fremont 
 for those reinforcements which the latter failed to supply. 
 
 Near the close of July, Gen. Lyon was informed of the con- 
 centration of the Confederate forces at Cassville, and of their de- 
 sign of attacking his camp. Therefore, although their numbers 
 were much greater than those of his army, he determined to an- 
 ticipate their attack by an advance of his own troops. Late on 
 the afternoon of August 1, his entire army, consisting of 5,500 
 foot, 400 horse and 18 guns, moved toward Cassville and biv- 
 ouacked that night on Cave Creek, ten miles south of Springfield. 
 The next morning they marched to Dug Springs, in Stone 
 County, nineteen miles southwest of Springfield. Here they en- 
 countered and defeated a body of Confederates under Gen. Rains. 
 
 Wilson's creek. 
 On August 6, Gen. Lyon returned with his army to Spring- 
 field. The entire Confederate force was now concentrated near 
 
HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 119 
 
 Crane Creek, in the northern part of Stone County. Believing 
 that Lyon's army was much larger than their own, a disagree- 
 ment arose between Price and McCuUoch as to the expediency 
 of an advance toward Springfield, the former counseling a for- 
 ward, and the latter a retrograde movement. Finally an order 
 was received from Maj.-Gen. Polk, ordering an advance upon 
 Lyon. A council was at once held, in which McCulloch expressed 
 his willingness to march upon Springfield, provided he were 
 granted the chief command. Price, to whom that distinction, 
 perhaps, rightfully belonged, consented to the terms of McCul- 
 loch, hoping that Lyon might be defeated, and driven from the 
 State. A little after midnight on Sunday, August 4-, they took 
 up the line of march, and reached Wilson's Creek, ten miles 
 southwest of Springfield, on the 9th. Here they encamped, 
 determining at 9 o'clock that night to march in four separate 
 columns against Springfield, surround the place, and begin a 
 simultaneous attack at daybreak. A threatened storm caused 
 Gen. McCulloch to countermand his order, and morning found 
 his entire army, consisting of 5,300 infantry, fifteen guns, and 
 6,000 cavalry, besides a large number of unarmed horsemen, 
 encamped upon the field. But the night was neither too dark 
 nor stormy for Gen. Lyon. At 5 o'clock P. M. of August 9, 
 he marched in two columns from Springfield, making a detour 
 to the right, and notwithstanding the darkness and storm at 
 1 o'clock found himself within sight of the Confederate guard 
 fires, Hei-e he called a halt, and his soldiers lay on their arms 
 until dawn, when they formed in battle line and advanced. 
 Lyon's effective force was 5,200 men, including infantry and 
 cavalry, and three batteries of sixteen guns. The two columns 
 of the Federal army were commanded by Lyon and Sigel, and 
 their early attack was a complete surprise to the Confederates, 
 McCulloch, trusting for security to the darkness and storm, 
 having withdrawn his advanced pickets. 
 
 The Federal forces in command of Lyon formed a line of 
 battle at daybreak, closely followed by Totten's battery, supported 
 by a strong reserve, and with skirmishers thrown out in front. 
 After driving in the enemy's outposts, a ravine was crossed and 
 a high ridge gained, when a large force of the Confederate skir- 
 
120 HISTORY OF MIS80UEI. 
 
 mishers came in view. Very severe iighting ensued, and it be- 
 came evident that Lyon's column ■would soon reach the strong- 
 hold, where the main battle would take place. A few shells 
 cleared the front, and the First Missouri and First Kansas moved 
 forward, supported by the First Iowa and Totten's battery. The 
 Second Kansas, Gapt. Steele's battalion and Lieut. Dubois' bat- 
 tery, were held in reserve, so as to bear upon a powerful bat- 
 tery of the enemy, which was statione'd in front, on the opposite 
 side of Wilson's Creek. The Confederates now rallied in large 
 force near the foot of the slope, opposite Lyon's left wing, and 
 along the slope in his front and to his right. During this time, 
 Capt. Plummer, with four companies of infantry, had moved 
 down a ridge a few hundred yards to Lyon"s left, and found at its 
 terminus a large body of the enemy's infantry, which arrested 
 further progress in that direction. Directly artillery firing was 
 begun at the point, about two miles distant, where it was expected 
 that Sigel's column would encounter the enemy. 
 
 Lvon's whole line now moved with great impetuosity toward 
 the Confederate position ; and the roar of musketry increased and 
 became continuous. Totten's battery came into action, as the 
 nature of the ground would permit, and made great havoc in the 
 opposing ranks. After half an hour's fierce fighting the Con- 
 federates retired in great confusion, leaving Gen. Lyon in pos- 
 session of the field. Meanwhile, Capt. Plummer had been com- 
 pelled to fall back, but Lieut. Dubois' battery, supported by Capt, 
 Steele's battalion, opened upon the enemy in that direction, and 
 soon drove them from the cornfield, where they had intrenched 
 themselves. There was now a momentary cessation of firing 
 along the whole line, except on the right, where the First Mis- 
 souri was still engaged against superior numbers. The Second 
 Kansas was ordered to the support of this regiment, which must 
 otherwise have been destroyed while unflinchingly holding its 
 position. During this time Capt. Steele's battalion, which had 
 been detailed to the support of Dubois' battery, was brought for- 
 ward to the support of Totten's, and soon the Confederate force 
 reappeared along Lyon's entire front, marching toward each flank. 
 The battle again began with great fury, and became general along 
 the whole line. The ranks of the opposing sides were sometimes 
 
HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 121 
 
 within thirty or forty yards of each other, when charges upon 
 Totteu's battery were made. For more that an hour the conflict 
 was carried on with great slaughter on both sides, and so equally 
 balanced were the opposing forces that neither were gaining any 
 decisive advantage. 
 
 Early in this desperate engagement. Gen. Lyon's horse was 
 killed, and he himself received a wound in the leg and one in the 
 head. He thea mounted another horse, and, swinging his hat, 
 called upon the nearest troops to follow him. The Second Kan- 
 sas gallantly responded, but their commander, Col. Mitchell, soon 
 fell severely wounded, and, at about the same time. Gen. Lyon 
 received a mortal wound in or near the heart. Maj. Sturgis 
 then succeeded to the command. The Confederates had been 
 driven back, and for twenty minutes there was a lull in the 
 battle, during which Sturgis summoned his officers for a consul- 
 tation. Lyon's column had been dreadfully shattered, and the 
 leader killed. For nearly thirty hours the men had been with- 
 out water, and a supply could not be had short of Springfield, 
 which was ten or twelve miles away. Their ammunition was 
 nearly gone, and should they, by slackening fii-e, reveal this fact 
 to the enemy, annihilation seemed inevitable. 
 
 Sigel, meanwhile, had not been heard from ; but the consul- 
 tation of officers was soon brought to a close by the advance 
 of a heavy column from the direction whence Sigel's guns had 
 been at first heard. These troops carried a banner resembling 
 the American flag, and their dress resembled that of Sigel's 
 brigade. Hoping to effect a junction with that officer, Sturgis 
 formed his line for an advance. Suddenly from a hill in Stur- 
 gis front a battery began to pour into his line shrapnel and 
 cannister, and at this moment the on-coming Confederate forces, 
 for such they were, displayed their true colors, and the fiercest 
 engagement of the day immediately commenced along the en- 
 tire Union lines. Totten's battery, in the center, supported by 
 the Iowa and regular troops, was the main object of attack. 
 The Confederates were often within twenty feet of the battery, 
 and the smoke of the opposing lines was so intermingled as 
 to appear made by the same guns. Notwithstanding the com- 
 plete rout of the Confederate front, they continued to hold the 
 
122 HISTOBY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 field. Finally, therefore, the Federal forces were ordered to 
 retreat. They moved slowly to the open prairie, about two miles 
 from the battlefield, and thence to Springfield, which they 
 reached at 5 o'clock that afternoon. Their total loss was 223 
 killed, 721 wounded, and 292 missing. 
 
 Sigel's column, in the meantime, had marched within a mile 
 of McCulloch's camp at daybreak, and planted four pieces of 
 artillery on the left, the infantry advancing toward the point 
 where the Fayetteville road crosses Wilson's Creek, and the two 
 cavalry companies guarding his right and left. His artillery fire 
 was so destructive that the enemy were soon driven from their 
 tents, and retired toward the northeast part of the valley. The 
 Third and Fifth Missouri Infantry (Union) had passed the creek, 
 and formed almost in the center of the camp. As the enemy 
 were now rallying in front, Sigel ordered the artillery to be 
 brought forward and formed in battery 'across the valley, with the 
 Third and Fifth to the left, and the cavalry to the right. At 
 the end of half an hour the enemy retreated into the woods and 
 up the adjoining hills. By the firing in the direction of Gen. 
 Lyon's column, it now became evident that he had engaged the 
 enemy along the whole line; therefore, to give him the greatest 
 possible assistance, Sigel left his position in the camp and ad- 
 vanced to attack the enemy's line of battle in the rear. In pur- 
 suance of this design, Sigel's column struck the Fayetteville road, 
 and, following it to Sharpe's farm, planted his artillery on the 
 plateau, and the two infantry regiments on the right and left, 
 across the road, while the cavalry was stationed on its flanks. 
 The firing in the direction of Lyon's column had then almost 
 entirely ceased. Supposing that Lyon had repulsed the Confed- 
 erates, and that his forces were coming up the road, the com- 
 manders of the Third and Fifth Regiments gave orders not to 
 fire upon troops advancing from that direction. \erj unexpect- 
 edly, two Confederate batteries opened fire upon them, one in 
 front on the Fayetteville road, and the other from the hill, where 
 it was supposed Lyon's forces were victorious, while a strong 
 column of infantry, mistaken for the Iowa regiment, advanced 
 from the Fayetteville road and attacked Sigel's right. Conster- 
 nation and frightful confusion at once ensued. Sigel's men. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 123 
 
 thinking tliat by some mistake Lyon's troops were firing upon 
 them, could hardly be induced to serve their guns until it was 
 too late. The Confederates arrived within a few paces of 
 Sigel's cannon, killed the horses, turned the flanks of the infantry, 
 and forced them to fly. In this retreat Sigel lost five cannons, of 
 which three were spiked, and the colors of the Third Regiment. 
 The total Federal loss was 258 killed, 873 wounded, and 186 
 missing; in all, 1,317. The Confederate loss was 279 killed, 
 951 wounded, and 68 prisoners; total, 1,298. Upon the arrival 
 of the shattered Federal forces at Springfield, the command of 
 the whole was entrusted to Col. Sigel, who ordered a retreat to 
 Rolla, Phelps County, 125 miles distant. The retreating army 
 reached this place, August 19, having safely conducted a govern- 
 ment train five miles in length, and valued at $1,500,000. 
 
 After the Federal defeat at Wilson's Creek, Gov. Gamble 
 issued a proclamation calling into service 42,000 of the State 
 militia to serve for six months, unless peace in the State should 
 be sooner restored. 
 
 MARTIAL LAW DECLARED. 
 
 Gen. Fremont, on the 30th of August, inaugurated a new 
 remedy for the lawlessness which prevailed, and the almost abso- 
 lute impotence of the civil authority. He declared martial law 
 and appointed J. McKinstry, major United States army, provost- 
 marshal-general of the State. 
 
 CAPTURE OF LEXINGTON. 
 
 Contrary to the expectations of both armies, McCuUoch and 
 Price failed to pursue their victory at Wilson's Creek by follow- 
 ing Sigel in his retreat to Eolla, and McCulloch soon left Mis- 
 souri with all his forces. Taking advantage of the favorable 
 impression made upon the people by his success. Gen. Price 
 issued a proclamation in which he declared that his army had 
 been organized for the maintenance of the rights, dignity and 
 honor of Missouri, and was kept in the field for these purposes 
 alone. The citizens of the State now flocked to his standard in 
 considerable numbers, and in a few weeks he had collected a 
 large force. He now pressed northward across the State to Lex- 
 ington, on the Missouri River. This place was defended by a 
 
124 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 force of Federals, 2,600 strong, commanded by Col. Mulligan. 
 In anticipation of an attack, intrenchments had been thrown upon 
 Masonic College Hill, an eminence overlooking the Missouri 
 River. Mulligan's fortifications were most skillfully planned, 
 but his men had only about forty rounds of ammunition each, 
 six small brass cannon and two howitzers, the latter of which 
 were useless because of the lack of shells. At dawn of Septem- 
 ber 12, Gen. Price drove in the Union pickets, and, from a 
 position within easy range of Mulligan's intrenchments, opened 
 a cannonade from four different points. The assault and defense 
 were kept up during the entire day, when Price withdi'ew to 
 await the arrival of his wagon train and reinforcements. Mulli- 
 gan's men worked night and day to strengthen their fortifications, 
 and anxiously expected reinforcements, for which a courier had 
 been dispatched to Jefferson City. This messenger was cap- 
 tured on the way and, of course, no relief came. 
 
 On the morniug of the 18th Gen. Price, who had been rein- 
 forced, and now had from 15,000 to 25,000 men, began a final 
 attack upon Mulligan's works, cutting off the communication of 
 the beleaguered garrison with the city, stopping their supply of 
 water, seizing a steamboat laden with stores, and occupying a 
 building which commanded the position of the Union forces. 
 A most stubborn defense was made, which continued for fifty- 
 two hours. Dui-ing the afternoon of the 20th Gen. Price pro- 
 cured numerous bales of hemp, and with these, wetted to resist 
 hot shot, he caused movable breastworks to be constructed, be- 
 hind which a large body of the Confederates advanced within ten 
 rods of Mulligan's works. The latter officer saw that further 
 resistance was madness. To retreat was impossible. His men 
 had no water except that which had been caught in blankets 
 during a passing shower, and afterward wrung out; and the 
 stench from the carcasses of horses and mules killed within the 
 intrenchments was insufferable. Accordingly the white flag was 
 raised, and the siege of Lexington was ended. The men laid 
 down their arms and became prisoners of war. As the fruits of 
 this victory there fell into the hands of Gen. Price six cannon, 
 two mortars, over 3,000 stand of infantry arms, a large number 
 of sabers, about 750 horses, wagons, teams, ammunition, and 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 125 
 
 $100,000 worth of commissary stores. On the Union side 40 
 men were killed and 120 wounded. The Confederate loss was 20 
 killed and 65 wounded. 
 
 FREMONT IN THE FIELD. 
 
 Gen. Fremont, deeply chagrined at the Federal reverses, and 
 fearing that Gen. Price would advance upon the State capital, or 
 intrench himself at some central point upon the Missouri River, 
 determined to take the field in person, with the hope of defeating 
 Price before MeCulloch, who had been recruiting troops in 
 Arkansas, could return to his aid. With this intention he di- 
 rected toward Southwestern Missouri an army of more than 
 20,000 men, arranged in five divisions, under command of Gens. 
 Hunter, Pope, Sigel, McKinstry and Asboth. These troops were 
 accompanied by eighty-six pieces of artillery, many of which were 
 rifle cannon. On the 28th of September Fremont, with his fa- 
 mous body-guard, commanded by Maj. Zagonyi, a Hungarian, 
 reached Jefferson City, and commenced vigorous measures to 
 overturn the plans of Gen. Price, and drive him fi'om the State. 
 On the 30th of the month Price abandoned Lexington, leaving a 
 small force of 500 men to guard such prisoners as had not been 
 paroled. On the 16th of October Maj. White, with his "Prairie 
 Scouts," consisting of 185 cavalry men, surprised this garrison 
 releasing the Union prisoners, capturing seventy of the Confed- 
 erates, and dispersing the rest. He then rejoined Fremont's 
 army. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 Maj. White was now ordered by Gen. Sigel to reconnoiter 
 near Springfield, and if advisable to attack the Confederate force 
 in camp there. The major was seriously ill at the time, but im- 
 mediately set his command in motion, accompanying them in a 
 carriage. 
 
 On the evening of the same day, October 24, he was over- 
 taken by Maj. Zagonyi, with the " body guard, " and he, under 
 orders from Fremont, took command of the combined force. The 
 Confederates, mostly cavalry, and numbering something more 
 than 1,000, were encamped about a mile west of Springfield, on 
 the Mount Vernon road, and were under command of Lieut. -Col. 
 
126 HISTOBT OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 Cloud. The attack of Zagonyi proved a complete surprise. 
 His men dashed down a lane under fire of the enemy, who had 
 hastily formed a line along its north side. At this first onset a 
 large number of the Confederates ran in every direction, but the 
 remainder stood their ground. The Union soldiers swept past 
 the Confederate camp, demolished a rail fence, entered the field 
 where the enemy then were, and formed in line in a ravine about 
 200 yards away. They again charged with drawn sabers, but 
 were repulsed with considerable loss. Falling back to the ravine 
 they repeated the charge a second and third time with a like re- 
 sult. The Union loss in the engagement was Zagonyi's " body 
 guard," 15 killed, 27 wounded and 10 taken prisoners — 52 ; White's 
 "Prairie Scouts" killed, wounded and prisoners, 33; total 85. 
 
 After the engagement the Confederates withdrew to Price's 
 headquarters at Neosho, and Zagonyi also fell back until he met 
 Sigel's advance. 
 
 Gen. Fremont was just upon the eve of an attack upon Price, 
 who, it was reported, reinforced by McCulloch, was moving on 
 Springfield with 40,000 men, when he was superseded by Gen. 
 Hunter. The latter, after reti-eating to St. Louis, was in turn 
 superseded by Gen. Halleck on the 18th of November. 
 
 BELMONT. 
 
 The'only remaining movement of importance was at Belmont 
 on the Mississippi. 
 
 The Confederate general, Polk, acting under orders of his 
 government, had, notwithstanding that State's neutrality, entered 
 Kentucky with an army, and had captured the town of Columbus. 
 Batteries planted here commanded the Mississippi. The Con- 
 federates gathered in force at Belmont, on the opposite bank. 
 In order to dislodge them. Gen. Fremont sent Gen. Ulysses S. 
 Grant, with a brigade of 3,000 Illinois and Iowa troops, into 
 Missouri by way of Cairo, On the 7th of November, Grant made 
 a vigorous and successful attack on the Confederate camp, but 
 Gen. Polk sent reinforcements across the river, the guns of 
 Columbus were brought to bear on the Union position, and Grant 
 was obliged to retreat. The total loss on the Federal side was 
 108 killed, 353 wounded and 121 missing; total, 582. The Con- 
 
HISTORY OP MISSOUEI. 127 
 
 federate loss was 105 killed, 419 wounded and 117 missing ; total, 
 641. 
 
 In addition to the engagements already described, quite a 
 large number of raids, surprises and skirmishes — some of them 
 important enough to be accounted battles— occurred in Missouri 
 during 1861. They will be found mentioned in chronological 
 order in the list of battles on another page. 
 
 THE CAMPAIGN OF 1862. 
 
 The beginning of the year found Missouri comparatively 
 quiet. Gen. Price had couc'entrated about 12,000 men at Spring- 
 field, intending to remain there all winter, but Gen. Halleck 
 massed his forces, comprising the troops of Asboth, Sigel, Davis 
 and Prentiss, at Lebanon, under command of Gen. Curtis. On 
 Februaiy 11 this army moved against Springfield, and on the 
 following night Gen.. Price retreated to Cassville. Curtis pur- 
 suing him, he withdrew still further across the Arkansas line to 
 Cross Hollows, thence to Sugar Creek, where, reinforced by 
 McCuUoch, he gave battle, and was defeated February 20. Price 
 again retreated to Cove Creek, and then halted, leaving Missouri 
 with no large organized Confederate force within her borders. 
 Nevertheless, it was evident that the rebel general, sheltered in 
 the defiles of the " Boston Mountains," was only gathering 
 strength for more vigorous operations ; therefore Curtis retraced 
 his steps, and fell back to Pea Eidge, among the mountains in 
 the northwestern part of Arkansas. Here he received intelli- 
 gence that Price and McCuUoch had been reinforced by Gen. 
 Van Dorn, and that their combined force under command of the 
 latter officer would soon attack his position. 
 
 BATTLE OF PEA EIDGE AN ELKHOEN TAVEEN. 
 
 This engagement commenced on the morning of the 6th of 
 March, 1862. The Confederate force aggregated about 25,000 
 men as follows: McCuUoch's troops from Arkansas, Louisiana 
 and Texas, 13,000; Gen. Pike's command, consisting of Choctaw, 
 Cherokee, Chickasaw and other Indians, and some white troops, 
 4,000 ; Price's Missouri troops, 8,000. The Federal force con- 
 sisted of 10,500 men, including cavalry and infantry, forty-nine 
 pieces of artillery and one mountain howitzer. 
 
128 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 After a hard-fought battle, which lasted for two days, the 
 Federals were victorious. The Confederate generals, McCuUoch 
 and Mcintosh, were both killed. Van Dorn withdrew to the in- 
 terior of Arkansas, and Curtis marched slowly southward. The 
 Federal loss in the battle of Pea Eidge was 203 killed, 972 
 wounded, and 176 taken prisoners; total, 1,351; Confederate loss 
 about the same. 
 
 VARIOUS WAR MEASURES. 
 
 Meanwhile, in Missouri, Provost-Marshal-General Farrar 
 issued an order requiring the publishers of newsjmpers in the 
 State, with the exception of St. Louis city papers, to furnish a 
 copy of each issue, for inspection at the marshal's office. 
 
 Gen. Halleck issued an order requiring the officers of the 
 Mercantile Library Association and of the Chamber of Com- 
 merce to subscribe to the oath prescribed by the convention ordi- 
 nance of October 6, 1861, under peril of arrest and imprison- 
 ment. The same order also forbade the display of secession flags 
 in the hands of women or on carriages — the carriages to be con- 
 fiscated and the women arrested. A similar order was issued to 
 the presidents and directors of all railroads in the State, and to 
 the president, professors, ciirators and other officers of the State 
 University at Columbia. This order required all clerks, agents 
 and civil employes in the service of the United States to take the 
 oath prescribed by act of Congress, and recommended that all 
 clergymen, teachers, officers of benevolent institutions, and all 
 engaged in business and trade, who were loyal to the Union, 
 should voluntarily take the convention oath, in order that their 
 patriotism might be known. 
 
 At different times men were tried and condemned to be shot 
 upon charges of railroad and bridge burning, but these sentences 
 were mitigated to imprisonment, or in some cases the culprits 
 were released upon their taking the oath of allegiance, and giving 
 bond in the sum of §2,000 each, for future loyalty to the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Edmund J. Ellis, of Columbia, editor and proprietor of The 
 Boone Counfy Standard, was foiiud guilty, and sentenced to ban- 
 ishment from the State, during the war, on the several charges of 
 giving information to the enemy, encouraging resistance to the 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 129 
 
 Federal GoTernment, and inciting persons to rebellion against 
 the same. His printing materials were confiscated and sold. 
 
 Early in April, Gen. Halleck went to Corinth, Miss., and 
 left Maj.-Geu. Schofieldin command at St. Louis. 
 
 OPERATIONS AGAINST GUERRILLAS. — COL. JO. C. PORTER. 
 
 Gov. Gamble, desiring to repress the numerous guerrilla 
 organizations in the State, authorized Gen. Schofield to organize the 
 State militia into companies, regiments and brigades, and to call 
 ' a force into the field sufficient to quell the marauders and secure 
 the people of the State in their persons and property. In the 
 series of skirmishes and fights which occurred between the State 
 militia and the Confederate guerrillas, the most brilliant and im- 
 portant were those connected with the pursuit and final overthrow 
 of Col. Jo. C. Porter. 
 
 His force was first engaged July 1, at Cherry Grove, Schuy- 
 ler County, by Col. Lipscomb, with about 450 of the State militia. 
 After a small fight the Confederates retreated, and were pursued 
 as far as Newark, Knox County. The next important encounter 
 with Porter's forces was at Pearce's Mills, on the Middle Fabius, 
 Scotland County, where, on the 19th of July, a pursuing force, 
 under Maj. John Y. Clopper, of the Merrill Horse, and Maj. John 
 F. Benjamin, of the Eleventh Missouri State Militia, was ambus- 
 caded, and sustained a loss of eighty-three men, while the Con- 
 federates lost but half a dozen. Porter, however, retreated toward 
 the west and south, and in less than twenty-four hours was at 
 Novelty, Knox County, sixty-four miles distant. Still going 
 southward, they passed through Marion County to Florida, in 
 Monroe, where they attacked and defeated a small "detachment of 
 the Third Iowa Cavalry, under Maj. H. C. Caldwell, and then 
 hurried on to the heavily-wooded country near Brown's Spring, 
 ten miles north of Fulton, in Callaway County. Ascertaining 
 their position. Col. Guitar, of the Ninth Missouri State Militia, 
 started in jDursuit, July 27. with about 200 men and two pieces of 
 artillery. On the preceding day Lieut.-Col. Shaffer, of Merrill's 
 Horse, left Columbia upon the same errand, with 100 men, and 
 was joined at Sturgeon by Maj. Clopper, with as many more. 
 Maj. Caldwell, with a detachment of the Third Iowa, also started 
 
130 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 from Mexico. These two latter columns marched toward Mt. 
 Zion Church, in the northeast part of Boone County, believing 
 that Porter was encamped there. Not finding the object of their 
 search, they pursued their way into Callaway County, and, on the 
 afternoon of the 28th, heard Guitar's cannon four or five miles 
 distant. Shaffer and Caldwell hastened forward, and arrived in 
 time to assist in the hard-fought battle at Moore's Mill, July 28^ 
 wherein Porter was defeated with a loss of 32 killed and 125 
 wounded, while Guitar lost 13 killed and 55 wounded. 
 
 BATTLE OP KIRKSVILLE. 
 
 Porter now retreated northward, through Monroe into Marion 
 County. Here he received a large number of recruits. On the 
 1st of August he attacked and captured Newark, Knox County, 
 with its garrison of seventy-five men, under Capt. Wesley Lair, 
 of the Eleventh Missouri State Militia, and pushed northward to 
 Short's well, in the southern part of Scotland, where he was 
 joined by a considerable detachment under Col. Cyrus Franklin 
 and Lieut. -Col. Frisby H. McCuUough. The rebel forces were 
 closely pursued by Col. John McNeil. Porter and Franklin 
 turned west from Short's well, and reached Kirksville on the 
 morning of August 6. a few hours in advance of their pursuers, 
 and, ordering the citizens to evacuate the town, posted their 
 troojjs in the coui'thouse, seminary, stores and private residences, 
 and thus entrenched awaited the coming Unionists. Porter had 
 about 2,800 men, all moimted, but many were without arms, and 
 nearly all without experience. 
 
 Col. McNeill, approaching from the eastern side of the town, 
 drew up his forces before it. Not knowing the exact position of 
 the enemy, he ordered ten men, under Lieut. John N. Cowdry, 
 of Merrill's Horse, to ride through the town and discover their 
 places of concealment. They obeyed the order, and the rebels 
 in their eagerness fired upon them from houses, stables and 
 other places affording them protection from the missiles which 
 were shortly to be poured upon the town. McNeill now opened 
 the battle with his cannon, and, under cover of his artillery fire, 
 advanced his dismounted men, and soon the Confederates began 
 to give way. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 131 
 
 In three hours the town was in possession of McNeill, and the 
 forces of Porter and Franklin were in full retreat toward the 
 Chariton Eiver. The Confederate loss in this engagement was 
 between 200 and 300 killed, wounded and captured; the Federal 
 loss was 6 killed and 33 wounded. 
 
 COMPTON'S ferry YELLOW CREEK. 
 
 On the following day Col. Guitar, who had been ill at Jef- 
 ferson City, entered upon preparations for the pursuit of a 
 considerable rebel force in Chariton County, under Col. J. A. 
 Poindexter, and, on the 8th of August, landed from a steamer 
 a considerable force at Glasgow. He overtook Poindexter at 
 9 o'clock on the night of the 11th, at Compton's Ferry, on 
 Grand Eiver, in Carroll County. Part of Poindexter's men 
 had crossed the river before his arrival, but a large number, 
 with all their baggage, horses, wagons, etc., had yet to cross. 
 Guitar ordered a charge, and at the same time opened upon 
 the fleeing rebels with two pieces of artillery. The result was 
 a great panic and considerable destruction. Many of the Con- 
 federates, in their eagerness to escape, threw away their guns, 
 and forced their horses into the river, but the animals, in 
 many instances, became unmanageable, and returned to the same 
 shore whence they started. Some were drowned. A large num- 
 ber of prisoners, and all the baggage, together with horses, miiles, 
 guns and wagons, were captured. 
 
 Poindexter marched as swiftly as possible to the northward, 
 reaching the Hannibal & St. Joseph Eailroad at Utica on Tues- 
 day morning, the 12th. Near here he was intercepted and driven 
 back by Gen. Lyon. Eetreating south he was met by Guitar on 
 the 13th, at Yellow Creek, in Chariton County, and again roiited, 
 his band being scattered and broken up. Guitflr then returned 
 to Jefferson City and was promoted by Gov. Gamble to be briga- 
 dier-general of Enrolled Missouri Militia. 
 
 BATTLE AT INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 The next important engagement in the State occurred at Inde- 
 pendence very early in the morning of Augiast 11. The town 
 was garrisoned by about 450 Federal troops, comprising infantry 
 
132 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 and cavalry, under Lieut. -Col. J. T. Buell. The Confederates, 
 commanded by Col. John T. Hughes, of Clinton County, and G. 
 W. Thompson, numbered from 600 to 800. They were fairly in- 
 side the town, and had commenced a -vigorous attack before their 
 approach was suspected. Col. Buell was at once surrounded at 
 his headquarters, thus preventing all communication between 
 himself and his men; nevertheless his soldiers fought bravely; 
 but so completely were they surprised that the best they could do 
 was to retreat into the fields, where they formed for defense be- 
 hind a stone wall. While the rebels were charging upon this 
 position Col. Hughes was killed. Col. Buell, finding that his 
 camp was in the hands of the enemy, and that extrication was 
 hopeless, raised the white flag and surrendered the post. Both 
 sides suffered heavy losses. 
 
 BATTLES OF LONE JACK AND NEWTONIA. 
 
 At Lone Jack, a village in Jackson County, a rebel force 
 (3,000 strong) under Cols. John T. Coffee, Vard. Cockerill,S. D. 
 Jackman and D. C. Hunter, attacked 800 State militia under 
 Maj. Emory Foster, of the Seventeenth Missouri State Militia on 
 August 16. The Federal loss was 43 killed, 154 wounded and 
 75 missing; the Confederate casualties were about the same. 
 The Federals were defeated and lost two pieces of artillery. 
 The rebels hearing their adversaries were to be reinforced 
 retreated southward. 
 
 On September 13, 1862, an engagement took place at New- 
 tonia, Newton County, between about 5,000 Kansas, Wisconsin, 
 Missouri and Indian troops, under Gen. Salomon, and a Confed- 
 erate force of 8,000 or 10,000 under Col. D. H. Cooper. Num- 
 bers were killed and wounded on both sides, and the Federals 
 were compelled to retreat as far as Sarcoxie, fifteen miles distant. 
 
 EXECUTION OP REBEL PRISONERS. 
 
 At Macon, Mo., on the 25th of September, ten rebel prisoners 
 were executed on the charge of repeated violations of their paroles, 
 and on October 18 a similar number was shot at Palmyra, in 
 retaliation for the abduction and murder of Andrew Allsman, a 
 Unionist of Marion County. After the battle of Kirksville, 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 133 
 
 sixteen were executed for violating their paroles, and Col. F. H. 
 McCullougli was shot for recruiting within the lines. 
 
 BATTLE OF CANE HILL, ARKANSAS. 
 
 The last great battle of the year in which Missourians had a 
 part was fought at Cane Hill, near Fayetteville, Ark. , on Sunday, 
 December 6, 1862. The Confederate forces under Gen. Hind- 
 man, of Arkansas, and Marmaduke, of Missouri, were defeated by 
 the Unionists under Gen. Blunt of Kansas. The following is 
 the official report of the engagement, sent by Gen. Blunt to Maj.- 
 Gen. Curtis, commandant of the department of Missouri : 
 
 Pkairie Grove, December 10, 1862. 
 Maj.-Gen. S. R. Curtis: 
 
 The enemy did not stop in their flight until they had crossed the Boston 
 Mountains, and are probably ere this across the Ariiansas River. The enemy's 
 liilled and wounded is between 1,500 and 2,000 — a large proportion of them 
 killed. One hundred of their wounded have died since the battle, and a large 
 proportion of the others are wounded mortally, showing the terrible effects of 
 my artillery. My casualties will be about 300 wounded. Most of the wounded 
 will recover. The enemy have left their wounded on my hands, and most of 
 their dead, uncared for. They are being buried by my command. Hindman 
 admitted his force to be 38,000. Maj. Hubbard, who was a prisoner with them 
 all day of the flght, counted twenty regiments of infantry and twenty pieces of 
 artillery. They had no train with them, and muffled the wheels of their artil- 
 lery in making their retreat. Four caissons filled with ammunition were taken 
 from the enemy. The Twentieth Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, in addi- 
 tion to those mentioned yesterday, suffered severely in charging one of the 
 enemy's batteries, which they took, but were unable to hold. 
 
 James G. Blunt, 
 
 Brigadier- Oeneral. 
 
 THE CAMPAIGN OF 1868. BATTLES OF SPRINGFIELD, HAKTSVILLE 
 
 AND CAPE GIRARDEAU. 
 
 In the early part of this year, the Confederates, led by Gens. 
 Marmaduke and Price, resumed activity in Arkansas and Southern 
 Missouri. On the 8th of January, with a force of 2,500 or 3,000 
 men and three pieces of artillery. Gen. J. S. Marmaduke attacked 
 Springfield, which was occupied by Federal troops under Gen. 
 E. B. Brown, commander of the Southwestern Department of 
 Missouri. The fighting continued from 1 o'clock P. M. until 
 after dark. Gen. Brown, having been severely wounded, the 
 command devolved upon Col. B. Crabb. The Confederates re- 
 treated the following morning, going to Marshfield and Harts- 
 
134 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 ville. Theii' loss was 42 killed and 60 wounded who were left 
 on the field. The Federal loss was 18 killed and 110 wounded. 
 
 Three days afterward, at the town of Hartsville, Gen. 
 Marmaduke, having united near Marshfield with a force under Col. 
 Jo. C. Porter, and moving thence southward, attacked a Federal 
 force under Col. Samuel Merrill of the Twenty-first Iowa, and 
 after a bloody little engagement drove them from the field. 
 
 On April 26, Gen. Marmaduke attacked the post at Cape 
 Girardeau, on the Mississippi, but the garrison, under Gen. John 
 McNeill, succeeded in driving the Confederates away. 
 
 During the last week in August, Col. Woodson of the Third 
 
 Calvary Missouri State Militia, surprised and captured Gen. Jeff. 
 
 Thompson, known as the " Swamp Fox," together with his staff 
 
 officers, at Pocahontas, Ark. The prisoners were sent to St. 
 
 Louis, and committed to Gratiot prison. 
 
 ORDER NO. 11. ' 
 
 On the 25th of August, Gen. Thomas Ewing, of the Eleventh 
 Kansas Infantry Volunteers, afterward a Democratic member of 
 Congress from Ohio, issued the following order, which, as it was 
 productive of much suffering at the time in the counties indicated, 
 and has been commemorated by George C. Bingham in the cele- 
 brated painting entitled: "Order No. 11," we copy in full: 
 
 General Orders No. 11: 
 
 Headquarters District of the Border. I 
 Kansas City. Mo., August 25, 1863. ) 
 
 First. All persons living ic Cass, Jackson and Bates Counties, Missouri, and 
 in that part of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one 
 mile of the limits of Independence. Hiclsman's Mills, Pleasant Hill and 
 Harrisonville, and except those in that part of Kaw Township, Jackson County, 
 north of Brush Creek and west of the Big Blue, embracing Kansas City and 
 Westport, are hereby ordered to remove from their present residences within 
 fifteen days from the date thereof. 
 
 Those who, within that time, establish their loyalty to the satisfaction of the 
 commanding officer of the military station nearest their present places of resi- 
 dence will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their loyalty, and the 
 names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive such 
 certificate will be permitted to remove to any military station in this district, 
 or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern border 
 of the Stale. All others shall remove out of this district 
 
 Officers commanding companies and detachments serving in the counties 
 named, will see that this paragraph is promptly obeyed. 
 
 Second. All grain and hay in the field, or under shelter, in tlie district from 
 which the inhabitants are required to remove, within reach of military stations. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOUEI. 135 
 
 after the 9tli day of September next, will be taken to sueh stations and turned 
 over to the proper officers there, and report of the amount so turned over made 
 to district headquarters, specif3'ing the names of all loyal owners and the amount 
 of such produce taken from them. All grain and hay found in such district 
 after the 9th of September next, not convenient to such stations, will be destroyed. 
 
 Third. The provisions of General Orders No. 10, from these headquarters, 
 will be at once vigorously executed by officers commanding in the parts of the 
 district, and at the stations not subiect to paragraph first of this order, and 
 especially in the towns of Independence, "Westport and Kansas City. 
 
 Fourth. Paragraph three. General Oiiders No. 10, is revoked as to all who 
 have borne arms against the Government in this district since August 20, 1863. 
 
 By order of Brig.-Qen. Ewing. H. Hannahs, Adjt. 
 
 Gen. Schofiekl, at that time commandant of the Depart- 
 ment of Missouri, has since the war aj^proved and defended this 
 order, on the ground that a savage guerrilla warfare had raged 
 on the border for two years, nearly dejjopulating the farming 
 districts on the Missouri side, and that all the inhabitants who 
 remained were obliged, whether rebel sympathizers or not, to 
 furnish shelter and supplies for bands of marauding outlaws. 
 He said that it was imperatiTe that this border war should be 
 suppressed, and that the fiendish massacre of 140 persons 
 at Lawrence, Kas., on August 13, by the guerrilla Quantrell 
 and his band, rendered immediate and decisive action neces- 
 sary in order to prevent a succession of such horrors. 
 
 To increase the military force in the district was impracticable, 
 and the only alternative was to remove the means by which these 
 guerrillas were sustained. He stated, further, that no serious in- 
 convenience was inflicted upon any one by the execution of the 
 order, but that the necessities of the poor people were provided 
 for, and none were permitted to suffer. 
 
 In reply to this statement of Gen. Schofiekl, which ap- 
 peared in the St. Louis daily Eejmblican of February 21, 1877, 
 Hon. George C. Bingham, an old citizen of Jackgon County, 
 and a strong Union man during the war, prepared a counter 
 statement which was published in the same paper on the 2Gth of 
 the month. He denounced the order as an act of purely arbitrary 
 power, directed against a disarmed and defenseless population. 
 He declared that it put an end to the predatory raids of Kansas 
 "red-legs and jay-hawkers," by simply giving them all that they 
 desired at once, that it gave up the country to Confederate bush- 
 whackers, who, until the close of the war, stopped stages, robbed 
 
136 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 mails and prevented any one wearing a Federal uniform from 
 entering tlie district. Mr. Bingham says lie was in Kansas City 
 when the order was enforced, and that he knew personally of the 
 sufferings of the unfortunate victims. Men were shot down while 
 obeying the order, and their effects seized by their murderers ; 
 dense columns of smoke rising in every direction marked the con- 
 flagration of dwellings; large trains of wagons extending over 
 the prairies for miles, moved toward Kansas, freighted with 
 every description of household furniture and clothing belonging 
 to the exiles; women and little children barefooted and bare- 
 headed, exposed to burning heat and choking dust, tramped 
 wearily along, to whom neither aid nor protection was afforded 
 by the authorities who had driven them from their homes, and 
 who were indebted to the charity of steamboat conductors who 
 took them to places of safety. 
 
 Mr. Bingham admitted that guerrilla warfare had been waged 
 for two years in the counties embraced by the order, but denied 
 that this region was by any means depopulated, or that the re- 
 maining farmers were supporting these outlaws. He said that 
 the larger portion of the marauders were Kansas "jay hawkers 
 and red-legs," with no authority of law either military or civil, 
 yet countenanced and protected by Gen. Ewing and his 
 predecessors from the State of Kansas; that the others, consti- 
 tuting the more desperate class, were chiefly Missouri bush- 
 whackers, acting under Confederate authority; that the inhab- 
 itants of the counties had been disarmed, as Gen. Schofield 
 admitted, and were unable to resist the demands made upon them, 
 biat thatthe bushwhackers were insignificant in numbers compared 
 with the Federal troops who were stationed there, and that twenty 
 if not fifty times as much produce was furnished to the latter as 
 to the former. 
 
 To this reply of Mr. Bingham, neither Gen. Schofield nor 
 Gen. Ewing made any response. 
 
 Order No. 11 belongs to that extensive list of war measures 
 which, wise or unwise, necessary or unnecessary, was viewed in 
 a very different light by those who were, on one hand, personally 
 aggrieved and injured, and by those who, on the other hand, were 
 looking from afar at the great end in view, namely, the overthrow 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 137 
 
 of the Rebellion. In the border States, where Unionists and Dis- 
 unionists lived side by side, numerous complexities arose, height- 
 ened by personal animosities and old family feuds ; and in many 
 cases loss of life, and especially loss of property, fell upon parti- 
 sans indiscriminately, verifying the old, sad maxim that where 
 transgression enters, the innocent must often suffer with the 
 guilty. 
 
 SHELBY'S RAID. 
 
 In September, Gen. Blunt drove the Confederate forces under 
 Gen. Cabell and the Creek chief, Stand Watie, into the Choctaw 
 reservation, and took possession of Fort Smith. As the autumn 
 advanced and Cabell's supplies began to run low, a part of his 
 command under Col. Jo. O. Shelby undertook a raid into Mis- 
 souri. They crossed the Arkansas Eiver, a little east of Fort 
 Smith, and pushed rapidly northward as far as Crooked Prairie, 
 in the southwestern part of this State, when they were joined by 
 Col. Coffee. At Boonville, where Shelby expected to meet a 
 Uirge number of recruits, but was disappointed, his men secured 
 from stores and dwelling houses $100,000 worth of property, 
 after which they moved westward. On October 12 and 13, how- 
 ever. Gen. Brown encountered these forces at Marshall and de- 
 feated them, with a loss of fifty men killed, wounded and prisoners. 
 Shelby hastily returned to Arkansas. 
 
 THE CAMPAIGN OP 1864. 
 
 Several sanguinary engagements were fought in Missouri 
 during this, the closing year of the war. The Union troops, 
 chiefly Missouri State Militia and Enrolled Missouri Militia, were 
 engaged in the effort, at many times unsuccessful, to defend the 
 lives and property of the people from tlie roving bands of bush- 
 whackers and guerrillas that infested all parts of the State, but 
 particularly the western and river counties. 
 
 Late in January Gen. Rosecrans arrived at St. Louis, succeed- 
 ing Gen. Schofield as commander of the Department of Missouri. 
 No event of importance occurred until the following autumn, 
 when Gen. Price made his last grand raid into the State with the 
 intention of capturing St. Louis, and other important points. 
 Having been informed early in September of Prices' medi- 
 
138 HISTORY or MISSOURI. 
 
 tated invasion, Rosecrans forwarded the information to head- 
 quarters, and Gen. A. J. Smith, then ascending the Mississippi 
 with about 6,000 troops, was ordered to proceed to St. Louis. 
 Gen. Rosecrans had previous to this only about 6,500 mounted 
 men in his whole department, and these were scattered at various 
 points — at Springfield, Pilot Knob, Jefferson City, Rolla and St. 
 Louis, guarding military depots and railway bridges against the 
 hordes of guerrillas who swarmed through the country. These 
 troops were concentrated as quickly as possible when Price's in- 
 tended route was ascertained, but he had already entered South- 
 eastern Missouri, and reached Pilot Knob before he was met by 
 any considerable opposition. At that place a single brigade was 
 stationed, under command of Gen. Thomas Ewiug. This force 
 was intrenched in a little fort with some rude earthworks, but it 
 made a gallant resistance, and repulsed two assaults of the Con- 
 federates, inflicting upon them a loss of 1,000 men. Gen. Price's 
 men now took positions which commanded the entire fort, and 
 Gen. Ewing, seeing that further resistance was hopeless, spiked 
 his guns, blew up his magazine, and retreated, by night, toward 
 Rolla where Gen. McNeil was stationed. After accomplishing a 
 march of sixty miles in thirty-nine hours, the exhausted troops 
 were overtaken at Harrison, by a large force under Shelby. Al- 
 though short of ammunition. Gen. Ewing held his ground for 
 thirty hours, when he was reinforced by troops sent from Rolla, 
 after which he drove Shelby away, and continued his retreat in 
 safety. 
 
 At St. Louis, Gen. Smith's infantry, 4,000 or 5,000 
 strong, was joined by eight regiments of the Enrolled Militia 
 of the State and six regiments of Illinois Militia. At Jefferson 
 City Gen. E. B. Brown had been reinforced by Gen C. B. Fisk with 
 all available troops north of the Missouri River, and the citizens 
 of that region promptly aiding the military, the capital was soon 
 well fortified. 
 
 Gen. Price advanced by way of Potosi to the Meramec River ; 
 crossed it, and took position at Richwoods, within forty miles of 
 St. Louis. Evidently fearing to attack that city, he burned the 
 bridge at Moselle, and then pushed rapidly toward the capital 
 of the State, followed by Gen. Smith and his entire command . 
 
HISTORI OF MISSOURI. 139 
 
 Gen. Price, after having burned bridges behind him, and done 
 all in his power to hinder his pursuers, arrived before Jefferson 
 City on the 7th of October. Gen. McNeill and J. B. Sanborn, 
 with a force of mounted men, chiefly Missouri State Militia, 
 had just reached there by a forced march from RoUa. Squads 
 of cavalry had been sent out to guard the fords and ferries on the 
 Osage River, and, if not able to prevent the Confederates from 
 crossing, to give timely warning of their approach. The railroad 
 bridge across the river nine miles east of the city had been 
 burned. 
 
 Several small engagements and skirmishes took place, and 
 the Confederates partly surrounded the city with a semi-circular 
 line nearly four miles in length, the wings resting on the Mis- 
 souri River. Finding the place well prepared for an attack. 
 Price sent his trains westward and followed with his army. A 
 large force now started in pursuit of the Confederates, led by 
 Federal cavalry under immediate command of Gen. Alfred 
 Pleasanton, who arrived at Jefferson City on the day of Price's 
 departure. 
 
 The latter general, growing bold as he marched westward, 
 sent Gens. Jo. Shelby and John B. Clark, Jr., to attack Glasgow 
 on the Missouri River, in Howard County. The town was 
 garrisoned by a part of the Forty-third Missouri, and small 
 detachments of the Ninth Missouri State Militia and the Seven- 
 teenth Illinois Cavalry, iinder command of Col. Chester Harding. 
 After a spirited resistance Col. Harding was obliged to surrender. 
 His assailants then marched back and joined their main 
 army, which was still hastening westward. Geu. Price left 
 Lexington just as Pleasanton's advance reached that place 
 October 20. At Little Blue Creek he met Blunt's Kansas 
 troops, under command of Gen. Curtis, who, after a sharp 
 light which lasted for several hours, fell back to the Big Blue 
 Creek and there awaited another attack. Meanwhile, Pleasanton 
 reached the Little Blue, and found the bridge destroyed and the 
 Confederate rear-guard prepared for battle. They were soon 
 driven away, and Pleasanton continued his course to Westport, 
 then occuj)ied by the enemy. He captured the place by a brill- 
 iant charge in which he routed the Confederates, and took two of 
 their guns. 
 
140 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 GeD. Price had expected to receive at least 20,000 recruits 
 during the progress of his raid, and perhaps to permanently 
 occupy the State; instead, only about 6,000 Missourians 
 came to his assistance, and he fled into Arkansas as rapidly as 
 possible, having accomplished nothing of importance. 
 
 THE AFFAIR NEAR ROCHEPORT. 
 
 September 23, 1864, a train of Government wagons started 
 from Sturgeon, Boone County, for Rocheport, in charge of 
 seventy men of the Third Missouri State Militia, under Capt. 
 McFadin. The train stopped near sunset at a pond about seven 
 miles northeast of Rocheport, in order that the horses might be 
 watered. Here it was suddenly attacked by 150 guerrillas under 
 George Todd, who pixt the escort to flight, robbed the wagons of 
 everything that they could conveniently carry away, and burned 
 what remained. Eleven Federal soldiers were killed, and three 
 negroes. 
 
 THE CENTRALIA MASSACRE. 
 
 Among the revolting and horrible crimes of the war, the Cen- 
 tralia massacre stands prominent for its dastardly and cold- 
 blooded atrocity. Monday night, September 26, Anderson's guer- 
 rillas, in numbers estimated from 200 to 400, encamped about 
 three miles southeast of Centralia, which is situated on the North 
 Missouri Railroad, in Boone County. About 10 o'clock Tuesday 
 morning, 75 or 100 of this band went into the town, and com- 
 menced plundering the stores and depot, breaking open boxes 
 and trunks, and appropriating whatever suited them. At 11 
 o'clock the stage-coach arrived from Columbia with eight or nine 
 passengers. These gentleman being unarmed were quickly re- 
 lieved of their money and valuables, but were allowed to go to 
 the hotel. At 11.30 the passenger train from St. Louis came in 
 sight. Immediately the guerrillas formed into line, and as the 
 train neared the depot, commenced throwing obstructions on the 
 track and firing at the engineer. The cars having been stopped, 
 the robbers rushed upon the passengers, men, women and children, 
 taking money, watches and jewelry, together with the contents of 
 trunks, and valuables from the express car. Twenty-three Fed- 
 eral soldiers who were on board the train were marched into town. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 141 
 
 placed in lines, and shot down. The guerrillas burned the rail- 
 road depot and six cars standing near. After murdering the sol- 
 diers and robbing the passengers and the citizens of the town 
 generally, they set fire to the rifled train, and started it on the 
 road toward Sturgeon. It ran about three miles, and then stop- 
 ping was entirely consumed. Meanwhile the frightened passen- 
 gers, glad to escape with their lives, went on their way as best 
 they could, in wagons, on horseback, and on foot. 
 
 About 3 o'clock of the same afternoon, Maj. A. V. E. John- 
 son, of Col. Kutzner's regiment of Missouri Volunteers (the 
 Thirty-ninth), arrived at Centralia with 155 mounted infantry. 
 An engagement took place in an open field southeast of the town. 
 Maj. Johnson's men, being armed with long guns, were ordered 
 to dismount. Their horses became unmanageable, and many of 
 them ran away, leaving the soldiers on foot in the middle of the 
 prairie. They had fired but one volley when the guerrillas dashed 
 among them, splendidly mounted, and carrying three or foiar re- 
 volvers apiece. Part of Johnson's men who were still on horse- 
 back attempted to escape, but were overtaken and shot down. 
 Maj. Johnson himself was killed, together with 122 men of his 
 small command. Four or five of the remaining few were wounded. 
 The guerrillas had but three killed and seven wounded. 
 
 After the murderers had left town the citizens of Centralia 
 gathered the dead bodies together, and placed them near the 
 railroad. Many of them were taken to Mexico for burial that 
 very evening, and seventy-nine were interred in a trench in the 
 eastern part of town. Afterward this trench was enclosed by a 
 fence, and at the head of it was placed a limestone monument, 
 fifteen feet high, with the following inscription: 
 
 " The remains of Companies A, G and H, Thirty-ninth Eegi- 
 ment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry, who were killed in action at 
 Centralia, Mo., on the 27th day of September, 1864, are interred 
 here." Since the close of the war the remains have been dis- 
 interred and re-buried in one common grave in the National 
 Cemetery at Jefferson City. 
 
 DEATH OF BILL ANDERSON. 
 
 After the horrible massacre at Centralia, the subsequent 
 burning of Danville and the depots at New Florence, High Hill 
 
142 HISTOBT OF MISSOURI. 
 
 and Renick, Bill Anderson and the most of his men went into Ray 
 County. On the 26th of October, Lieut. -Col. S. P. Cox, of the 
 Thirty-third Enrolled Missouri Militia, learning Anderson's 
 whereabouts, made a forced march to meet him. On the follow- 
 ing day, just one month after the Centralia massacre. Col. Cox 
 came in contact with the guerrilla pickets, and drove them before 
 him into the woods. He then dismounted his men, threw an 
 infantry force into the forest, and sent forward a cavalry advance 
 which soon engaged Anderson's main body and fell back. The 
 guerrillas now charged, and Anderson was killed, while his men 
 were forced to retreat at full speed, hotly pursued by the Union 
 cavalry. Upon the body of Anderson was found $300 in gold, 
 $150 in ti-easury notes, six revolvers, and several orders from 
 Gen. Price. 
 
 Early in December, 1864, Gen. Rosecrans was relieved of 
 the command of the Department of Missouri, and Gen. Granville 
 M. Dodge, of Iowa, succeeded him. 
 
 LIST OF BATTLES IN MISSOUBI. 
 
 Necessarily there has been omitted from this brief review 
 even a mention of many of the minor battles of the Civil War, 
 which were fought upon the soil of Missouri. For convenient 
 reference a complete list of these engagements, together with 
 the dates at which they were fought, is herewith appended: 
 
 1861 — Potosi, May 14; Boonville, June 17: Carthage, 
 July 5; Monroe Station, July 10; Overton's Run, near Fulton, 
 July 17; Dug Springs, August 2; Athens, August 5; Wilson's 
 Creek, August 10; Morton, August 20; Bennett's Mills, Sep- 
 tember; Drywood Creek, September 7; Norfolk, September 10, 
 Lexington, September 12, 20; Blue Mills Landing, September 
 17; Glasgow Mistake, September 20; Osceola, September 25; 
 Shanghai, October 13 ; Lebanon, October 13 ; Big River Bridge, 
 October 15; Linn Creek, October 16; Fredericktown, October 
 21; Springfield, October 25: Belmont, November 7; Piketon, 
 November 8; Little Blue, November 10; Clark's Station, Novem- 
 ber 11 ; Mount Ziou Church, December 28. 
 
 1862 — Silver Creek, January 15; New Madrid, February 28; 
 Pea Ridge, Ark., March 6; Neosho, April 22; Cherry Grove, 
 
HI8T0BY OF MISSOUEI. 143 
 
 July 1; Pierce's Mill, July 18; Eose Hill, July 10; Florida, 
 July 22 ; Moore's Mill, July 28 ; Chariton Eiver, July 30 ; New- 
 urk, August 1; Kirksville, August 6; Compton's Ferry, August 
 8; ludependence, August 11; Yellow Creek, August 13; Lone 
 Jack, August 16 ; Newtonia, September 13. 
 
 1863 — Springfield, January 8; Cape Girardeau, April 29; 
 Marshall, October 13. 
 
 1864 — Pilot Knob, September 27 ; Moreau River, October 7 ; 
 Prince's Ford, October 5; Glasgow, October 8; Little Blue 
 Creek, October 20; Big Blue, October 22; Westport, October 
 23 ; Newtonia, October 28 ; Albany, October 27 ; near Eocheport, 
 September 23; Centralia, September 27. 
 
 STATE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 
 
 The delegates chosen to this body assembled in Mercantile 
 Library Hall, St. Louis, Friday, January 6, 1865. The objects 
 of the convention were: First, " to consider such amendments to 
 the constitution of the State as might be deemed necessary for 
 the emancipation of slaves;" and second, " such amendments to 
 the constitution of the State as might be deemed necessary to 
 preserve in purity the elective franchise to loyal citizens, and 
 such other amendments as might be deemed essential to the pro- 
 motion of the public good. " 
 
 On January 11, the following ordinance was passed by the 
 Convention : 
 
 AN ORDINANCE ABOLISHING SLAVERY IN MISSOURI. 
 
 He it ordained by the People, of -the State of Minsouri, in Gonwation AssemUed, 
 That hereafter, in this State, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary serv- 
 itude, except in punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly 
 convicted; and all persons held to service or labor as slaves are hereby declared 
 free. 
 
 Emancipation in Missouri was thus established by law, al- 
 though it had practically existed for some time previous. 
 
 THE DRAKE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 It soon became apparent that mere amendments to the con- 
 stitution would not satisfy the leading members of the convention, 
 prominent among whom was Mr. Drake, of St. Louis, who had 
 been chosen vice-president. A complete remodeling of the or- 
 
144 HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 ganic laws of the State seemed to many not to fall within the 
 authority of the convention, moreover they believed that the time 
 had not come for that dispassionate and statesmanlike legislation 
 which so important a measure demanded. However, the conven- 
 tion proceeded with its sweeping work of reform, until it had made 
 new provisions in every article of the fundamental law. Section 
 3 of Article XI. on the " Right of Suffrage, " which was the ob- 
 ject of the most angry and exciting debate in the convention, and 
 a prolific source of strife and division afterward, is here tran- 
 scribed. 
 
 Sec. 3. At any election held by the people under this constitution, or in 
 pursuance of anj' law of this State, or under any ordinance or by-law of any 
 municipal corporation, no person shall be deemed a qualified voter who has 
 ever been in armed hostility to the United States, or to the lawful authorities 
 thereof, or to the Government of this Slate; or has'eyer given aid, comfort, 
 countenance or support to persons engaged in any such hostility; or has ever in 
 any manner adhered to the enemies, foreign or domestic, of the United States, 
 either by contributing to them, or by unlawfully sending within their lines, mon- 
 ey, goods, letters, or information; or has ever disloyally held communication 
 with such enemies; or has ever advised or aided any person to enter the service 
 of such enemies; or has ever, by act or word manifested his adherence to the 
 cause of such enemies, or his desire for their triumph over the armies of the 
 United States; or his sympathy with those engaged in exciting or carrying on 
 rebellion against the United States; or has ever, except under overpowering 
 compulsion, submitted to the authority, or been in the service of these so-called 
 " Confederate Slates of America; " or has ever left this State, and gone within 
 the lines of the armies of the so-called " Confederate States of America," with 
 the purpose of adhering to said States or armies; or has ever been a member of, 
 or connected with any order, society or organization inimical to the Govern- 
 ment of the United States, or to the Government of this State; or has ever been 
 engaged in guerrilla warfare against loyal inhabitants of the United States, or 
 in that description of marauding commonly known as "bushwhacking;" or 
 has ever knowingly and willingly harbored, aided or countenanced any per- 
 son so engaged; or has ever come into or left this State for the purpose of avoid- 
 ing enrollment for or draft into the military service of the United States; or has 
 ever, with a view to avoid enrollment in the militia of this State, or to escape 
 the performance of duty therein, or for any other purpose, enrolled himself, or 
 authorized himself to be enrolled, by or before any officer, as disloyal or as a 
 Southern sympathizer, or in any other terms iudicatiug his disaffection to the 
 Government of the United States in its contest with rebellion, or his sympathy 
 with those engaged in such rebellion; or having ever voted at any election by 
 the people in this State, or in any other of the United States, or in any of their 
 Territories, or under the United States, shall thereafter have sought or received, 
 under claim of alienage, the protection of any foreign government, through any 
 consul or other ofiicer thereof, in order to secure exemption from military duty, 
 in the militia of this State, or in the army of the United States; nor shall any 
 such person be capable of holding, in this State, anj' office of honor, trust or 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 14-5 
 
 profit under its authority ; or of lieing an officer, councilman, director, trustee, or 
 other manager of any corporation, public or private, now existing, or hereafter 
 established by its authoritj'-, or of acting as a professor or teacher in any edu- 
 cational institution, or in any common or other school; or of holding any real 
 estate or other property in trust for the use of any church, religious society, 
 or congregation. But the foregoing provisions in relation to acts done against 
 the United States shall not apply to any person not a citizen thereof, who shall 
 have committed such acts while in the service of some foreign country at war 
 with the United States, and who has, since such acts, been naturalized, or may 
 hereafter be naturalized, under the laws of the United States; and the oath of 
 loyalty hereinafter prescribed, when taken by any such persons, shall be con- 
 sidered as taken in such sense. 
 
 Section 4 provided for a registration of the names of qual- 
 ified voters, and section 5 required that the oath indicated in 
 the third section should be taken by every voter at the time of his 
 registration. Taking the oath should not, however, be deemed 
 conclusive evidence of the right of a person to vote, supposing 
 such right could be otherwise disproved. This section also pro- 
 vided that evidence for or against the right of any person to vote 
 should be heard and passed upon by the registering officers and 
 not by the judges of election. 
 
 These officers should keep a list of the names of rejected voters, 
 and the same were to be certified to the judges of elections who 
 were to receive the ballotof any such rejected voter, marking the 
 same as a rejected vote ; but even with these precautions the vote 
 was not to be received unless the party casting it should, at the 
 time, take the oath of loyalty. 
 
 Under the ninth section no person was permitted to practice 
 law, "or be competent as a bishop, priest, deacon, minister, elder 
 or other clergyman of any religious persuasion, sect or denomi- 
 nation, to teach or preach, unless such person shall have first 
 taken, subscribed and filed said oath." 
 
 While the article upon the " executive department " was pend- 
 ing, an effort was made to introduce an amendment by which any 
 citizen of the State, white or colored, male or female, would be 
 eligible to the office of governor, but the amendment was rejected 
 by a tie vote, as also a similar proposition in reference to the 
 "Legislative Department." 
 
 It is but just to say, in this connection, that the new constitu- 
 tion, objectionable and stringent as it was in many particulars, was 
 
146 HISTORY OF MISSOUKI. 
 
 admirable in respect to its provisions for public instruction, and 
 was conceded to be so by its bitterest enemies. 
 
 The constitution was adopted April 8, and two days after- 
 ward the convention adjourned sine die. 
 
 An election had been appointed for the 6th of June, 1865, to 
 submit the new constitution to the people for their indorsement 
 or rejection, but it had also been provided that no person should 
 vote at that election, except those who would be qualified as 
 voters under the second article thereof. The canvass which fol- 
 lowed was naturally one of the greatest bitterness. 
 
 Although the war was nominally over, and all the strong- 
 holds of the Rebellion were in the hands of the United States 
 authorities, yet there were fragmentary guerrilla bands still 
 roaming thi"ough various sections of the country, and the war spirit 
 continued in undiminished force. Multitudes of taxpayers in the 
 State, not a few of whom were honored and influential citizens, 
 and had been noncombatants during the war, were disfranchised 
 by the third section, and denied the privilege of voting upon the 
 adoption or rejection of the code of laws which was to govern 
 them and their children. On the other hand it was maintained 
 with vigor that citizens who had attempted to destroy their Gov- 
 ernment, who had committed treason either by open deeds of 
 rebellion, or by encouragement, sympathy and aid given to those 
 in rebellion, had forfeited all right to assist in conducting the 
 affairs of State. The election resulted in a majority of 1,862 
 for the constitution, which accordingly went into eflPect July 4, 
 1865. 
 
 The next General Assembly which convened at Jefferson 
 City, on November 1, proceeded to enact a registry law, which, 
 on account of its stringency, occasioned much violence and dis- 
 order in its enforcement. The " Casting Ordinance," for vacat- 
 ing certain civil ofi&ces, was also attended with unpleasant results. 
 That portion of the ninth section in regard to ministers, lawyers 
 and teachers excited so much trouble in the State that B. Gratz 
 Brown, Carl Schurz and other leading Rjpublicans set on foot 
 December, 1866, a movement which had for its object universal 
 amnesty and enfranchisement. The movement soon became popu- 
 lar throughout the State, and, in his message to the Twenty- 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 147 
 
 Fourth General Assembly, January, 1867, Gov. Fletcher recom- 
 mended an amendment to the constitution, striking out the 
 ninth section of the second article. At this session of the Legis- 
 lature a constitutional amendment was submitted to the people 
 proposing to strike the word " white " from the eighteenth sec- 
 tion of the second article, and thus inaugurate negro suffrage in 
 Missouri. While this amendment was under consideration in 
 the House, Mr. Orrick of St. Charles proposed to strike out not 
 only the word " white " but also the word "male." This effort in 
 behalf of female suffrage was rejected; and at the election of the 
 people in November, 1868, negro suffrage was also defeated by a 
 majority of 18,817 votes. 
 
 The adjoui-ned session of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, 
 which met on January 5, 1870, accomplished important work in 
 several directions. 
 
 Gov. Joseph W. McClurg recommended in his message the 
 ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the constitution of the 
 United States, passed by Congress on February 27, 1869, and 
 transmitted to the General Assembly at the same time a copy of 
 the amendment as follows: 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 
 Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be 
 denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, 
 color or previous condition of servitude. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropri- 
 ate legislation. 
 
 Immediately upon the reading of the amendment, a joint reso- 
 lution ratifying it was introduced into the Senate, and was speed- 
 il)' adopted by both Houses of the Legislature. 
 
 DIVISIONS IN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 
 
 The differences of opinion regarding universal amnesty and 
 enfranchisement were rapidly assuming the proportions of dis- 
 cord and disintegration ; and the Republican party in the State 
 became divided in sentiment as well as in name, being known re- 
 spectively as Radicals and Liberals; the former maintaining a 
 severe, and the latter a more magnanimous policy toward those 
 who had complicity with the Rebellion. The Democrats, owing 
 to the stringent registry laws, were in a hopeless minority, and 
 
148 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 30 attached themselves to the Liberal Republicans, believiDg that 
 by this course they might best aid their disfranchised brethren) 
 and eventually gain control of State politics. The State Nomi- 
 nating Convention, which met at Jefferson City on August 31, 
 1870, witnessed the final division of the Republicans. The plat- 
 forms of the two branches of the party, differed chiefly in regard 
 to enfranchisement, and the articles embodying their respective 
 sentiments were as follows: 
 
 MAJORITY OR LrBERAL PLATFORM. 
 
 Fourth. That the time has come when the requirements of public safely, 
 upon which alone the disfranchisement of a large number of citizens could be 
 justified, has clearly'ceased to e.xist, and this convention, therefore, true to the 
 solemn pledges recorded^in our National and State platforms, declares itself une- 
 quivocally in favor of the adoption of the constitutional amendments .com- 
 monly called the suffrage and office-holding amendments, believing that under 
 existing circumstances the removal of political disabilities, as well as the exten- 
 sion of equal political rights and; privileges to all classes of citizens, without 
 distinctions, is demanded by every consideration of j good faith, patriotism and 
 sound policy, and essential to the integrity of Republican institutions, to the 
 welfare of the State, and to the honor and preservation of the Republican 
 p-ATly. 
 
 MISORITT OR RADICAL PLATFORM. 
 
 Third. That we are in favor of re-enfranchising those justly disfranchised for 
 participation in the late Rebellion, as soon as it can be done with safety to the 
 State, and that we concur in the propriety of the Legislature having submitted 
 to the whole people of the State the question .whether such time has now 
 arrived; upon which question we recognize the right of any member of the party 
 to vote his honest convictions. 
 
 The two reports being before the convention, the report of 
 the minority was adopted, whereupon about 250 delegates, friends 
 of the majority report, led by Mr. Schurz, withdrew, organized a 
 separate convention, and nominated a full State ticket, with B. j 
 
 Gratz Brown as a candidate for Governor. The other convention i 
 
 also nominated a full ticket, headed by Joseph W. McClurg for 
 Governor, at that time incumbent of the office. 
 
 The election of November, 1870, resulted in the choice of the 
 B. Gratz Brown ticket by a majority of over 40,000 Liberal and 
 Democratic votes. This election marks the period at which the 
 Republicans, who had been for eight years in the ascendency, 
 surrendered the power which they have since been unable to 
 
HISTOKY OF MISSOUKI. 149 
 
 THE MURDERS AT GUN CITY. 
 
 During the administration of Gov. Brown, a bloody infraction 
 of the ptiblic peace occurred at Gun City, a small station on the 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Kailroad, in Cass County. 
 
 Judge J. C. Stevenson was one of the judges of the late 
 county court of Cass County, that had made a fraudulent issue 
 of bonds in the name of the county, thereby imposing heavy 
 burdens upon the taxpayers. James C Cline was county attor- 
 ney, and was implicated in the swindle, and Thomas E. Detro 
 was one of Cline's bondsmen. Both Stevenson and Cline had 
 been indicted, and were under heavy bonds to answer for the 
 offense with which they were charged. All of these men, to- 
 gether with Gen. Jo. Shelby, were on the eastern bound train 
 which reached Gun City on Wednesday, April 24, 1872. At 
 this place logs, rails and rocks were found piled upon the track, 
 and seventy or eighty masked and armed men compelled the en- 
 gineer and fireman to leave the locomotive, and then commenced 
 a terrible fusilade into and around the captured train. Loud 
 cries were made for Cline, who stepped out on the platform, and 
 was instantly riddled with bullets. The murderers then rushed 
 through the train calling for the "bond robbers." They shot 
 Judge Stevenson down in the car, and afterward dragged him 
 out on the grass. Mr. Detro they found in the mail car, and, 
 after severely wounding him, threw him on the roadside, 
 where he was allowed to bleed to death. The gang then called 
 for Gen. Jo. Shelby, but his intrepidity saved him, as he coolly 
 kept his seat, replying, " Here I am; if you want me come and 
 get me." 
 
 Gov. Brown at once took measures to bring the murderers to 
 justice, but they were never discovered. No further disturbance 
 occurred, however. 
 
 AMENDMENTS TO THE STATE CONSTITCTTION. 
 
 At an adjourned session of the Twenty-sixth General Assem- 
 bly, which convened December 6, 1871, two constitutional 
 amendments had been submitted to the votes of the people. 
 
 These were ratified at the November election in 1872. The 
 first increased the number of supreme court judges from three 
 
150 HISTOBJ OF MISSOURI. 
 
 to five, fixing their term of oflice at ten years, and providing that 
 two additional judges should be elected at the general election 
 in 1872, and one judge at each general election, every two years 
 thereafter. 
 
 The second provided that no part of the public school fund 
 should ever be invested in the stock or bonds or other obliga- 
 tions of any other State, or of any county, city, town or cor- 
 poration; that the stock of the bank of the State of Missouri, 
 held for school purposes, and all other stocks belonging to any 
 school or university fund, should be sold in such manner and at 
 such time as the General Assembly should prescribe; and the 
 proceeds thereof, and the proceeds of the sales of any lands or 
 other property which belonged or might hereafter belong to said 
 school fund, should be invested in the bonds of the State of 
 Missouri, or of the United States, and that all county school 
 funds should be loaned upon good and sufficient and unincum- 
 bered real estate security, with personal security in addition 
 thereto. 
 
 REVISION OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 During an adjourned session of the Legislature, which met 
 on January 7, 1874, a law had been passed authorizing a vote of 
 the people to be taken at the general election in November, 1874, 
 for and against calling a convention to revise and amend the 
 constitution of the State. This convention was agreed to by 
 a majority of only 283. An election for delegates took place on 
 January 26, 1875. On May 5 of the same year the convention 
 assembled at the Capitol. It consisted of sixty-eight members, 
 sixtj' of whom were Democrats, six Republicans, and two Lib- 
 erals. A thorough revision of the entire organic law was made, 
 both in committee and in convention. Every department of the 
 State Government passed under review, and many important 
 changes were made, which can not be discussed here, but they 
 are familiar to every well-informed citizen of the State. 
 
 The bill of rights occasioned much discussion. County rep- 
 resentation, which has been a feature of every State constitution, 
 including the first, was still maintained in spite of opposition. 
 Carefully prepared and stringent limitations on the powers of 
 the General Assemblv were engrafted on the new instrument. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 151 
 
 Sessions of the Legislature were made biennial, and the guber- 
 natorial term changed from two to four years. The formation of 
 new counties was made extremely difficult or impossible. The 
 power of the Legislature, and of counties, cities, towns and all 
 other municipalities, to levy taxes and contract debts, was hedged 
 about with limitations and safeguards. Extra mileage and per- 
 quisites to officials were laid under embargo. Our system of 
 free public schools, embracing a liberal policy for the mainte- 
 nance of the State University, received recognition in the article 
 on education. The final vote on the adoption of the constitu- 
 tion as a whole stood — ayes, sixty; noes, none; absent, eight. 
 October 30, 1875, the people ratified the constitution by a major- 
 ity of 76,688, and on the 30th of November, 1875, it became the 
 supreme law. 
 
 GOV. Crittenden's administration. 
 
 In 1880, Thomas T. Crittenden, of Johnson County, received 
 the Democratic nomination for Governor of Missouri, and was 
 elected in November of that year. Gov. Crittenden's competitors 
 for the nomination were Gen. John S. Marmaduke, of St. Louis, 
 and John A. Hockaday, of Callaway County. In his inaugural 
 address, he recommended refunding at a lower rate of interest all 
 that part of the State debt which could be thus refunded; some 
 measures for the relief of the docket of the supreme court of the 
 State, and a compromise of the indebtedness of several counties. 
 He also condemned in the strongest terms the doctrine of repu- 
 diation. 
 
 Gov. Crittenden is by birth a Kentuckian — a direct descend- 
 ant of the old Crittenden stock so long and deservedly prominent 
 and popular in the State of Kentucky. Though himself a slave- 
 holder, at the outbreak of our Civil War he espoused the cause 
 of the Union, and no braver officer than he ever faced an army. 
 At the close of the war he was found in the front rank of the con- 
 servative portion of the people, who contended that peace should 
 prevail, and the bitter animosities of the past be forgotten. 
 
 He was sent to Congress, where, in more than one instance he 
 proved his integrity. Throughout his entire career, no stain of 
 venality adhered to his fair name, and no act of violence char- 
 acterized his discharge of any duty. 
 
152 HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Under his guiding hand, the credit of the State advanced to 
 a par with that of the Federal Government ; the debt of the State 
 gradually diminished, and all of her educational interests fos- 
 tered and nourished. 
 
 When Gov. Crittenden took charge of the helm of State, a por- 
 tion of the border was infested with a lawless band of thieves and 
 mui'derers, known as the '' James Gang, " who murdered without 
 pity, and robbed without regard to person. He resolved to dis- 
 band them. Soon some of the most desperate of the gang were 
 in the hands of the officers, and, in one instance, when resistance 
 and rescue were threatened. Gov. Crittenden attended the trial in 
 person, with a few chosen friends, determined to defend the 
 supremacy of the law with his life if necessary. 
 
 One by one, the members of this gang were hunted down and 
 sent to the penitentiary, and finally Jesse James was shot at St. 
 Joseph by the "Ford Boys," former comrades, who had been 
 employed to capture him. 
 
 HANNIBAL & ST. JOSEPH KAILEOAD CONTEOVEBSY. 
 
 By continued legislation, commencing with the act approved 
 February 22, 1851, and ending with that of March 26, 1881, the 
 State of Missouri granted liberal aid in the construction of rail- 
 roads within her boundaries. The Hannibal & St. Joseph Kail- 
 road was among the enterprises thus assisted, and, for its con- 
 struction, bonds of the State amounting to $3,000,000, bearing in- 
 terest at 6 per cent per annum, payable semi-annually, were issued. 
 One-half of these bonds were issued under the act of 1851, and 
 the remainder under the act of 1855. The former were to run 
 twenty years, and the latter thirty years. Some of these bonds 
 have since been funded and renewed. Coupons for the interest 
 of the entire $3,000,000 were executed and made j^ayable in New 
 York. The acts under which the bonds were issued contain vari- 
 ous provisions designed to secure the State against loss and to 
 make it certain that the railroad company would be bound to pay 
 the principal and interest at maturity. It was especially made 
 the duty of the railroad company to save the State from any and 
 all loss on account of said bonds and coupons. The State treas- 
 urer was not to advance any money to meet either principal or 
 
HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 153 
 
 interest. The State contracted witJi the railroad company for 
 complete indemnity. Neither was she required to relinquish her 
 statutory mortgage lien, except upon the payment into her treas- 
 ury of a sum of money equal to the entire indebtedness incurred 
 by the railroad company on account of the issue and loan of her 
 bonds. 
 
 In June, 1881, the railroad company, through its attorney, 
 George W. Easley, Esq., paid into the State treasury $3,000,000, 
 and asked for a receipt in full of all dues to the State. The 
 treasurer, Mr. Philip E. Chappell, refused to give such a receipt, 
 but instead gave a receipt for the sum "on account." Although 
 the debt was not due, the officers of the railroad wished to pay it 
 at this time in order to save the interest. They first asked for 
 the bonds of the road, but these the State refused to give up. 
 They then demanded that the $3,000,000 be paid back, and this 
 demand was also refused. Tlie railroad company then brought 
 suit in the United States Court for an equitable settlement of the 
 matter in dispute. The $3,000,000 had been deposited in a bank 
 by the State authorities, and was drawing interest at the rate of 
 only one-fourth of one per cent. The railroad company asked 
 that this money should be invested so as to yield a larger amount 
 of interest, which interest should be allowed to its credit,' in case 
 anything should be found due from it to the State. Justice Mil- 
 ler, of the United States stipreme court, who heard the case upon 
 preliminary injunction in the spring of 1882, decided that the 
 unpaid and unmatured coupons constituted a liability of the State, 
 and a debt owing, though not due, and that until these were pro- 
 vided for, the State was not bound to assign her lien upon the 
 road. 
 
 Another question which was raised but not decided was 
 whether any, or if so^ what account the State ought to render for 
 the use of the money paid into the treasury by the complainants, 
 June 20; and whether she could hold so large a sum of money, 
 refusing to make any account of it, and yet insisting that the 
 railroad company should make full payment of all the outstand- 
 ing coupons. 
 
 Upon this subject Justice Miller, in the course of his opin- 
 ion said: "I am of the opinion that the State, having accepted 
 
154 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 or got this money into her possession, is under a moral obligation 
 (and I do not pretend to commit anybody as to how far its legal 
 obligation goes) to so use that money as, so far as possible, to 
 protect the parties who have paid it against the loss of the inter- 
 est which it might accumulate, and which would go to extinguish 
 the interest on the State's obligation." 
 
 February 25, 1881, Gov. Crittenden sent a special message to 
 the Legislature in which he informed that body of the intention 
 of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Bailroad Company to discharge 
 the full amount of what it considered its present indebtedness to 
 the State, and advised that arrangements be made for the profit- 
 able disposal of the sum as soon as paid. In response to this 
 message the Legislature passed an act March 26, the second 
 section of which is as follows: ' 
 
 » Sec. 3. Whenever there is sufficient money in the sinking fund to redeem 
 or purchase one or more of the bonds of the State of Missouri, such sum is 
 hereby appropriated for such purpose, and the Fund Commissioners shall im- 
 mediately call in for payment a like amount of the option bonds of the State, 
 known as the "5-20 bonds," provided, that if there are no option bonds which 
 can be called in for payment they may invest such money in the purchase of 
 any of the bonds of the State, or bonds of the United States, the Hannibal & St. 
 Joseph Railroad bonds excepted. 
 
 On the 1st of January, 1882, the regular semi-annual payment 
 of interest on the railroad bonds became due, but the company 
 refused to pay, claiming that it had already discharged the 
 principal, and consequently was not liable for the interest. There- 
 upon, according to the provisions of the aiding act of 1885, Gov. 
 Crittenden advertised the road for sale in default of the payment 
 of interest. The company then brought suit before United 
 States Circuit Judge McCrary at Keokuk, Iowa, to enjoin the 
 State from selling the road, and for such other and further relief 
 as the court might see fit and proper to grant. August 2, 1882, 
 Judge McCrary delivered his opinion and judgment as follows: 
 
 " First. That the payment by complainants into the treasury 
 of the State of the sum of $3,000,000 on the 2Gth of June, 1881, 
 did not satisfj' the claim of the State in full, nor entitle complain- 
 ants to an assignment of the State's statutory mortgage. 
 
 " Second. That the State was bound to invest the principal 
 sum of §3,000,000 so paid by the complainants without unneces- 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 155 
 
 sary delay in the securities named in the act of March 26, 1881, or 
 some of them, and so as to save the State as large a sum as possible, 
 which sum so saved would have constituted as between the State 
 and complainants a credit 2>fo tanio upon the unmatured coupons 
 now in controversy. 
 
 " Third. That the rights and equity of the parties are to be 
 determined upon the foregoing principles, and the State must 
 stand charged with what would have been realized if the act of 
 March, 1881, had been complied with. It only remains to con- 
 sider what the rights of the parties are upon the principles 
 here stated. 
 
 " In order to save the State from loss on account of the default 
 of the railroad company, a further sum must be paid. In order to 
 determine what that further sum is, an accounting must be had. 
 The question to be settled by the accounting is, how much 
 would the State have lost if the provisions of the act of March, 
 1881, had been complied with? * * * * j think 
 a perfectly fair basis of settlement would be to hold the State 
 liable for whatever could have been saved by the prompt execu- 
 tion of said act by taking up such 5-20 option bonds of the State 
 as were subject to call when the money was paid to the State, and 
 investing the remainder of the funds in the bonds of the United 
 States at the market rates. 
 
 " Upon this basis a calculation can be made, and the exact sum 
 still to be paid by the complainants in order to fully indemnify 
 and protect the State can be ascertained. For the pur23ose of 
 stating an account upon this basis, and of determining the sum 
 to be paid by the complainants to the State, the cause will be 
 referred to John K. Cravens, one of the masters of this court. In 
 determining the time when the investment should have been made 
 under the act of March, 1881, the master will allow a reasonable 
 period for the time of the receipt of the said sum of §3,000,000 by 
 the treasurer of the State — that is to say, such time as would have 
 been required for that purpose had the officers charged with the 
 duty of making said investment used reasonable diligence in its 
 discharge. 
 
 " The Hannibal & St. Joseph Eailroad is advertised for sale 
 for the amount of the installment of interest due January 1, 1882, 
 
156 HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 which installment amounts to less than the sum which the com- 
 pany must pay in order to discharge its liabilities to the State 
 upon the theory of this opinion. The order will therefore be 
 that an injunction be granted to enjoin the sale of the road 
 upon the payment of the said installment of interest due January 
 1, 1882, and if such payment is made, the master will take it 
 into account in making the computation above mentioned." 
 
 THE ELECTION OF 1884. 
 
 The campaign of 1884, both nationally and in the State, was 
 the most hotly contested of any this country has ever seen. In 
 Missouri an alliance was effected between the Eepublican and 
 Greenback parties, and a ticket headed by the name of Nicholas 
 Ford, of St. Joseph, and called the " Anti-Bourbon ticket," was put 
 into the field against the Democracy, headed by Gen. John S. 
 Marmaduke, of St. Louis. A third party, known as Prohibition- 
 ists, exercised considerable influence in the canvass. The "Anti- 
 Bourbon " party made their fight against the record of the 
 Democrats, who had been in uninterrupted power for twelve 
 years, and especially against the tendency of the Democracy to 
 recognize and reward men who had been in rebellion during the 
 Civil War. This plea, owing to the nomination of Marmaduke, 
 who had been a Confederate general, was of considerable service 
 to the opponents of Democracy, and came near securing the 
 defeat of the party. The campaign on the part of the Democrats 
 was mainly a defensive one; while John A. Brooks, the Prohibi- 
 tion candidate, urged that neither Ford nor Marmaduke shovdd be 
 elected, pledging himself in favor of submitting a constitutional 
 amendment to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating 
 liquors. Mr. Brooks made a strong fight, and polled nearly 
 10,000 votes. Marmaduke was elected by a majority of less than 
 2,000, although the Cleveland electors carried the State by about 
 30,000. All of the Democratic State ticket was elected by vary- 
 ing majorities, and also twelve out of fourteen congressmen were 
 chosen by the same party. 
 
 Nothwithstanding the opposition manifested toward him Gov. 
 Marmaduke made an excellent career as an Executive, discharg- 
 ing his duties in an impartial, conservative manner. On Tues- 
 
HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 157 
 
 day, December, 27, 1887, news of the sudden and serious illness 
 of the Governor was spread over the country. This was soon 
 followed, on the evening of December 28, by tidings of his death. 
 Lieut. -Gov. Morehouse subsequently qualified as Governor of 
 the State, and is the present incumbent of the position. 
 
 THE EAELY COURTS. 
 
 As the District of Louisiana was for many years under the 
 dominion of Spain, it became necessary for the early lawyers to 
 acquaint themselves with Spanish civil and criminal laws. This 
 they uniformly did, and even after the district came into the pos- 
 session of the United States the rules which obtained in the 
 Spanish and French courts were still clung to. Until the District 
 was purchased by the United States, the administration or execu- 
 tion of the laws was in the hands of the civil and military com- 
 mandants, who in most instances were both ill-informed and 
 arbitrary. In 1804 Congress extended the executive power of 
 the Territory of Indiana over that of Louisiana, and the execu- 
 tion of the laws of what is now Missoiu-i fell to William Henry 
 Harrison, Governor, and Griifin, Vanderburg and Davis, judges. 
 The first courts were held in the winter of 1804^05 in the old 
 fort near the junction of Fifth and Walnut Streets, St. Louis, and 
 were called courts of common pleas. In March, 1805, the 
 District of Louisiana was changed to the Territory of Louis- 
 iana, * and James Wilkinson became Governor; Frederick 
 Bates, secretary; and James Wilkinson, Return J. Meigs and J. 
 B. C. Lucas, judges of the superior court of the Territory. At 
 this time the executive oflices were in the old government build- 
 ing called La Place (V Armes, St. Louis. The districts of the 
 Territory were changed to counties, Territorial courts superseded 
 the commandants, and the rules of the English common law soon 
 banished those of France and Spain. Courts of common pleas 
 were established by the Territorial Legislature in 1813. Since 
 the formation of the State Government the constitution and the 
 Legislature have provided the number and character of the State 
 courts. 
 
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS. 
 
 The public school system of Missouri is similar to that of 
 other States. The fii'st constitution of the State provided that 
 
158 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 " one school or more shall be established in each township as 
 soon as practicable and necessary, where the poor shall be taught 
 gratis." It was not until 1839 that the school system was divest- 
 ed of the clause limiting its benefits to the poor. At that date 
 provision was made for a State superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion, for a county board of education, and for a township board. 
 From that time forward the system has steadily grown in useful- 
 ness and power. Its greatest growth succeeded the Civil War. 
 Now not less than 25 per cent of the State's revenue, exclusive of 
 the sinking fund and interest, is devoted to the support of the 
 public schools. 
 
 Before the establishment of the free school system, education 
 throughout the State was obtained wholly from private institu- 
 tions of learning. The University of Missouri was founded 
 about the time the State was admitted to the Federal Union, 
 when two townships of land were granted for the support of a 
 seminary of learning. In 1832 this land was sold for less than 
 $75,000, but by 1839 this amount had grown to over $100,000. 
 In the latter year the site was selected for the University at Col- 
 umbia, which offered a bonus of $117,500 to secure the location 
 — a remarkable offering for that day. The corner-stone was laid 
 in 1840, and John H. Lathrop, D. D., became the first president. 
 To this institution the following departments have since been 
 added: normal department, 1868; agricultural and mechanical 
 college, 1870; schools of mines and metallurgy, 1871, at Eolla; 
 college of law, 1872; medical college, 1873; department of analyt- 
 ical and applied chemistry, 1873; architecture, engineering, 
 mechanical and fine arts, etc. The State may well be proud of 
 this institution. 
 
 St. Louis University was established in 1829, and has become 
 one of the best educational institutions of the country. Since the 
 war the State has founded an educational institution for colored 
 people — Lincoln Institute, at Jefferson City — which is sup- 
 ported by an annual appropriation. Several normal colleges have 
 also been established by the Legislature, which conti-ibute mate- 
 rially toward the elevation of the standard of education in the 
 State. In nearly every county is a seminary, academy, college, 
 or university, supported by tuition or endowments, and controlled 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 159 
 
 by some sectarian organization, or by a non-sectarian association. 
 In 1817 the Legislature incorporated the board of trustees of 
 the St. Louis public schools, and this was the commencement of 
 the present system. The first board was Gen. William Clarke, 
 William C. Carr, Thomas H. Benton, Bernard Pratt, Auguste 
 Chouteau, Alexander McNair and John P. Cabanne. Much 
 should have been, and was, expected of this board, owing to their 
 prominence and ability, but they'did little or nothing, and it was 
 not until twenty years later that the system sprang into life. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Bcqyfisi. — The first Baptist Church organized in what is now 
 the State of Missouri was founded near the present site of Jack- 
 son, Cape Girardeau County, in 1806, under the labors of Rev. 
 D. Green. The growth of the- denomination has been marked. 
 It has gone steadily on in its increase, until now it marshals a 
 great host, and it is still rapidly enlarging in numbers, and ad- 
 vancing in intelligence and general thrift. The annual report of 
 the Baptist General Association of Missouri, for 1875, gives the 
 following statistics: 61 district associations; 1,400 churches; 824 
 ordained ministers; 89,650 members. The Bible and Publication 
 Society, with headquarters at Philadelphia, has a branch house at 
 St. Louis which has become one of the chief book establishments 
 of the State. The Baptist periodicals of the State are the Cen- 
 tral Baptist and ForcVs Repository, both published in St. Louis. 
 The Baptist seats of learning in Missouri are William Jewell 
 College, Liberty; Stephens' College, Columbia; Mt. Pleasant 
 College, Huntsville; Baptist Female College, Lexington; La 
 Grange College, La Grange ; Baptist College, Louisiana ; Liberty 
 Female College, Liberty ; St. Louis Seminary for Young Ladies, 
 Jenning's Station; Fairview Female Seminary, Jackson; Boon- 
 ville Seminary for Young Ladies ; North Grand Eiver College, 
 Edinburg; Ingleside Academy, Palmyra. 
 
 Christian. — This is one of the largest denominations in Mis- 
 souri; it has more than 500 churches and nearly 100,000 mem- 
 bers. The literary institutions of the denomination are Christian 
 College, Columbia; Christian University, Canton; Woodland 
 College, Independence; Christian Orphan Asylum, Camden 
 
160 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Point. The publications of this denomination in Missouri are; 
 The Christian, The Little Watctiman, The Little Sower, and The 
 Morning Watch, all published at St. Louis. 
 
 Congregational. — The first Trinitarian Congregational Church 
 was organized in St. Louis, in 1852, Rev. T. M. Post, D. D., pas- 
 tor. The church in Hannibal was organized in 1859. In 1864-65 
 fifteen churches were organized in towns on the Hannibal 
 & St. Joseph Railroad. In 1875 the denomination had 5 dis- 
 trict associations, 70 churches, 41 ministers and 3,363 membei's. 
 There are two Congregational colleges in the State — Thayer Col- 
 lege, at Kidder, and Drury College, at Springfield. 
 
 Episcoi')al. — The first service of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church in Missouri was held October 24, 1819, and Christ 
 Church, St. Louis, was organized as a parish November 1, of the 
 same year. The Rev. John Ward, previously of Lexington, Ky., 
 was the first rector. Six persons united in the first service. In 
 1875 there were in the city of St. Louis 12 parishes and mis- 
 sions and as many clergymen; while, taking all parts of the 
 State, there were about 5,000 communicants, 51 ministers, 48 
 church buildings, 57 Sunday-schools with 4,000 scholars, and 475 
 teachers. The denomination controlled 4 secular schools. The 
 Diocese of Missouri is conterminous with the State of Missouri. 
 Friends. — The following are the approximate statistics of 
 this denomination in Missouri: Number of organizations and 
 edifices, 4; sittings, 1,100; value of property, $4,800. 
 
 Israelite. — There is scarcely a county in the State of Mis- 
 souri where at least one dozen Jewish families are not settled. 
 Jefferson City, Sedalia, Springfield, RoUa, Washington, Macon 
 City, Louisiana, Hannibal and several othec places, have wealthy, 
 influential Jewish citizens, but too few in numbers to form inde- 
 pendent religious communities. In St. Louis, St. Joseph and 
 Kansas City they have established congregations. Sabbath- 
 schools, houses of worship and institutions of charity. The 
 oldest Hebrew congregation in Missouri was organized in 1838, 
 at St. Louis. The following summary gives an approximate 
 statement of the Israelite congregations in Missouri: congrega- 
 tions, 8 ; members, 557 ; ministers, 8 ; houses of worship, 7 ; Sab- 
 bath-schools, 9 ; with 12 teachers, and 574 scholars. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 161 
 
 Lidherun. — The first Lutheran Church organized in Mis- 
 souri was founded in St. Louis in 1839. The number of churches 
 is now about 92. The Lutheran educational institutions of the 
 State are Concordia College and a high school, both at St. Louis. 
 The charitable institutions are the Lutheran Hospital and Asy- 
 lum at St. Louis, and the Lutheran Orphans' Home in St. Louis 
 County. At St. Louis are also located the Lutheran Central 
 Bible Society, and the Lutheran Book Concern of the German 
 Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other States. 
 The following Lutheran periodicals are published in St. Louis: 
 Der Luiheraner, Die Abendschule, Lehreund Wehre, and the 
 Evangel Lidheran Schublatt German Evangelical. There are, in 
 Missouri, perhajis 45 churches of this denomination, comprising 
 7,500 members. The Friedenshote is the name of a newspaper 
 published under its patronage. Evangelical Missouri College is 
 the theological seat of learning in this synod, and is located in 
 Warren County. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal. — The Methodist Episcojjal Church in 
 Missouri dates from an early period in the history of the State. 
 Indeed, several societies were formed before it became a State, 
 and these were a part of the old Illinois Conference. When the 
 separation of 1844-45 took place, and the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church South was formed, the societies in Missouri were broken 
 up with few exceptions, and the members either joined that 
 organization or remained unable to effect a reorganization of their 
 own until 1848, when the Missouri Conference resumed its ses- 
 sions. During the Civil War the preachers and members were 
 driven from nearly all the stations and districts. There were 
 probably less than 3,000 persons in actual fellowship in 1861 and 
 1862. In May, 1862, the general conference added Arkansas to 
 the Missouri Conference, and it bore the name of " The Mis- 
 souri and Arkansas Conference," until 1868, when it was divided, 
 the societies north of the Missouri River retaining the old name, 
 Missouri Conference; and the societies south of the river, and 
 those in Arkansas, being formed into the "St. Louis Conference." 
 In 1872 the societies in Missouri, south of the river, became the 
 St. Louis Conference, those in Arkansas the Arkansas Con- 
 
162 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 ference. The two conferences of Missouri now comprise about 
 375 churches and 30,000 members. They have several flourish- 
 ing schools and colleges, the principal of which are Lewis College, 
 Glasgow ; Johnson College, Macon City, and Carleton Institute in 
 Southeast Missouri. The Western Book Depository is doing a 
 large business in St. Louis, and its agents also publish the 
 Central Christian Advocate. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church South. — The first preaching by a 
 Protestant minister in this State was by a Methodist local 
 preacher, John Clark by name, who resided where Alton now 
 stands, and who occasionally crossed the river to a settlement of 
 Americans near Florissant. The first regularly appointed 
 Methodist preacher was Eev. John Travis, who received an 
 appointment from Bishop Asbury in 1806. He formed two 
 circuits, and at the end of the year returned 100 members. These 
 circuits were called " Missouri " and " Meramec," and at the 
 conference of 1S07, Jesse Walker was sent to supply the former, 
 and Edmund Wilcox the latter. 
 
 From this time preachers were regularly appointed, and in 
 1820 there were, in Missoui-i, 21 traveling preachers, and 2,079 
 members. In 1821 Methodism proper was introduced into St. 
 Louis by Bev. Jesse Walker, who secured the erection of a small 
 house of worship on the corner of what is now Fourth and Myrtle 
 Streets, and returned 127 members. 
 
 MISSOURI GOVERNORS UNDER THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Commandant. — April 9, 1682, Eobert Cavalier de La Salle. 
 
 Governors.--lQ98 to July 22, 1701, Sauvalle; 1701 to May 
 17, 1713, Bienville; 1713 to March 9, 1717, Lamothe Cadillac; 
 1717 to March 9, 1718, Del'Epinay; 1718 to January 16, 1724, 
 Bienville; 1721 to 1726, Boisbriant; 1726 to 1733, Perier; 1733 
 to May 10, 1713, Bienville; 1713 to February 9, 1753, Yaudreuil; 
 1753 to June 29, 1763, Kerlerec; 1763 to February 4, 1765, 
 D'Abadie; February, 1765, M. Aubry, acting. 
 
 Commandant. — July 17, 1765, to May 20, 1770, Louis St. 
 Ange de Bellerive, de facto. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 163 
 
 UNDER THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Lieutenant Governor s.—Maj 20, 1770, to May 19, 1775, Pedro 
 Piernas; 1775 to June 17, 1778, Francisco Cruzat; 1778 to June 
 8, 1780, Fernando De Leyba; 1780 to September 24, 1780, Silvio 
 Franc. Cartabona; 1780 to November 27, 1787, Franc. Cruzat; 
 1787 to July 21, 1792, Manuel Perez; 1792 to August 29, 1799. 
 Zenon Trudeau; 1799 to March 9, 1804, C. Dehault Delassus. 
 
 UNDER THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Commandant. — March 10, 1804, to October 1, 1804, Capt. 
 Amos Stoddard, who was also agent and commissioner of the 
 French Government for one day, from March 9 to March 
 10, 1804. 
 
 UNDER THE DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 Governor. — October 1, 1804, to March 3, 1805,"William Henry 
 Harrison. 
 
 UNDER THE TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 Governors. — 1805 to 1806, Gen. James Wilkinson; last part 
 of 1806, Joseph Brown, acting; May, 1807 to October, 1807, 
 Frederick Bates, acting; 1807 to September, 1809, Merriwether 
 Lewis; September, 1809 to September 19, 1810, Frederick Bates, 
 acting; 1810 to November 29, 1812, Benjamin Howard, acting; 
 1812 to December 7, 1812, Frederick Bates, secretary and acting 
 governor. 
 
 TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 
 
 Governors.- — Frederick Bates, secretary and acting Governor, 
 1812-13; William Clark, 1813-20. 
 
 Delegates to Congress. — Edward Hempstead, 1811-14; Rufus 
 Easton, 1814-17 ; John Scott, 1817-20. 
 
 OFFICERS OF STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Governors. — Alexander McNair, 1820-24; Frederick Bates, 
 1824-25 ; Abraham J. Williams, vice Bates, 1825 ; John Miller, 
 vice Bates, 1826-28; John Miller, 1828-32; Dunklin resigned; 
 appointed surveyor general of the United States, 1832-36; L. 
 W. Boggs, vice Dunklin, 183G; Lilburu W. Boggs, 1836-40; 
 
164 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Thomas Reynolds (died 1844) 1840-44; M. M. Marmaduke, vice 
 Eeynolds; John C. Edwards, 1844-48 ; Austin A. King, 1848-52; 
 Sterling Price, 1852-56; Trusten Polk, resigned, 1856-57; Han- 
 cock Jackson, vice Polk, 1857 ; Eobert M. Stewart, vice Polk, 
 1857-60; C. F. Jackson (1860), office vacated by ordinance; 
 Hamilton E. Gamble, vice Jackson — Gov. Gamble died 1864; 
 Willard P. Hall, vice Gamble, 1864; Thomas C. Fletcher, 1864- 
 68; Joseph W. McOlurg, 1868-70; B. Gratz Brown, 1870-72; 
 Silas Woodson, 1872-74; Charles H. Hardin, 1874-76; John S. 
 Phelps, 1876-80; Thomas T. Crittenden, 1880-84; John S. Mar- 
 maduke (died 1887), 1884^88 ; A. P. Morehouse, vice Marmaduke. 
 
 Lieutenant Governors.— William H. Ashley, 1820-24; Ben- 
 jamin H. Eeeves, 1824-28; Daniel Dunklin, 1828-32; Lilburn 
 W. Boggs, 1832-36; Franklin Cannon, 1836-40; M. M. Marma- 
 duke, 1840-44; James Young, 1844-48; Thomas L. Eice, 1848- 
 52; Wilson Brown, 1852-55; Hancock Jackson, 1855-56; Thomas 
 C. Eeynolds, 1860-61; Willard P. Hall, 1861-64; George Smith, 
 1864-68; Edwin O. Stanard, 1868-70; Joseph J. Gravelly, 
 1870-72; Charles P. Johnson, 1872-74; Norman J. Coleman, 
 1874-76; Henry C. Brockmeyer, 1876-80; Eobert A. Campbell, 
 1880-84; A. P. Morehouse (appointed Governor), 1884. 
 
 Secretaries of State. — Joshua Barton, 1820-21 ; William G. 
 Pettis, 1821-24; Hamilton E. Gamble, 1824-26; Spencer Pettis, 
 1826-28; P. H. McBride, 1829-30; John C. Edwards (term ex- 
 pired 1835; re-appointed 1837, resigned 1837), 1830-37; Peter 
 G. Glover, 1837-39; James L. Minor, 1839-45; F. H. Martin, 
 1845-49; Ephraim B. Ewing, 1849-52; John M. Eichardson, 
 1852-56; Benjamin F. Massey (re-elected 1860 for four years), 
 1856-60; Mordecai Oliver, 1861-64; Francis Eodman (re-elected 
 1868 for two years), 1864^68; Eugene F. Weigel (re-elected 
 1872 for two years), 1870-72; Michael K. McGrath (re-elected 
 1884 for four years), 1874-84. 
 
 State Treasurers. — Peter Didier, 1820-21; Nathaniel Simonds, 
 
 1821-28; James Earickson, 1829-33; John Walker, 1833-38; 
 
 Abraham McClellan, 1838-48; Peter G. Glover, 1843-51; A. W. 
 
 'Morrison, 1851-60; George C. Bingham, 1862-64; William 
 
 Bishop, 1864^68; William Q. Dallmeyer, 1868-70; Samuel 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 165 
 
 Hays, 1872; Harvey W. Salmon, 1872-74; Joseph W. Mercer, 
 1874-76; Elijah Gates, 1876-80; Philip E. Chappell, 1880-84; 
 J. M. Seibert (present incumbent), 1884. 
 
 Attorney -Genei-als. — Edward Bates, 1820-21; Rufus Easton, 
 1821-26; Robert W. Wells, 1826-36; William B. Napton, 
 1836-39; S. M. Bay, 1839-45; B. F. Stringfellow, 1845-49; 
 William A. Robards, 1849-51; James B. Gardenhire, 1851-56; 
 Ephraim W. Ewing, 1856-59; James P. Knott, 1859-61; Aik- 
 mau Welch, 1861-64; Thomas T. Crittenden, 1864; Robert F. 
 Wingate, 1864-68; Horace P. Johnson, 1868-70; A. J. Baker, 
 1870-72; Henry C. Ewing, 1872-74; John A. Hockaday, 
 1874r-76; Jackson L. Smith, 1876-80; D. H. Mclntire, 1880-84; 
 D. G. Boone (present incumbent), 1884. 
 
 Auditors of Public Accoimts. — William Christie, 1820-21 ; 
 William V. Rector, 1821-23; Ellas Barcroft, 1823-33; Henry 
 Shurlds, 1833-35; Peter G. Glover, 1835-37; Hiram H. Baber, 
 1837-45; William Monroe, 1845; J. R. McDermon, 1845-48; 
 George W. Miller, 1848-49; Wilson Brown, 1849-52; William 
 H. Buffiugton, 1852-60; William S. Moseley, 1860-64; Alonzo 
 Thompson, 1864-68; Daniel M. Draper, 1868-72; George B. 
 Clark, 1872-74; Thomas Holladay, 1874-80; John Walker 
 (re-elected in 1884, for four years), 18 80-84. 
 
 Judges of Supreme Court.- — Matthias McGirk, 1822-41 ; John 
 D. Cooke, 1822-23; John R. Jones, 1822-24; Rufus Pettibone, 
 1823-25; George Tompkins, 1824-45; Robert Wash, 1825-37; 
 John C. Edwards, 1837-39; William Scott (appointed 1841 un- 
 til meeting of General Assembly in place of McGirk resigned; 
 reappointed), 1843; P. H. McBride, 1845; William B. Napton, 
 1849-52; John F. Rylaud, 1849-51; John H. Birch, 1849-51; 
 William Scott, John F. Ryland and Hamilton R. Gamble (elect- 
 ed by the people for six years), 1851; Hamilton R. Gamble (re- 
 signed), 1854; Abiel Leonard (elected to fill vacancy of Gam- 
 ble) ; William B. Napton (vacated by failure to file oath) ; Will- 
 iam Scott and John C. Richardson (resigned, elected August, 
 for six years), 1857; E. B. Ewing (to fill Richardson's resigna- 
 tion), 1859; Barton Bates (appointed), 1862; W. V. N. Bay, 
 (appointed), 1862; John D. S. Dryden (appointed), 1862; Bar- 
 
166 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 ton Bates, 1863-65; W. Y. N. Bay (elected), 1863; John D. S. 
 Dryden (elected), 1863; David Wagner (appointed), 1865; 
 "Wallace L. Lovelace (appointed), 1865; Nathaniel Holmes (ap- 
 pointed), 1865; Thomas J. C. Fagg (appointed), 1866; James 
 Baker (appointed), 1868; David Wagner (elected), 1868-70; 
 Philemon Bliss, 1868-70 ; Warren Currier, 1868-71 ; Washington 
 Adams (appointed to fill Currier's place, who resigned), 1871; 
 Ephraim B. Ewing (elected), 1872; Thomas A. Sherwood (elect- 
 ed), 1872; W. B. Napton (appointed in place of Ewing, de- 
 ceased), 1873; Edward A. Lewis (appointed in place of Adams, 
 resigned), 1874; Warwich Hough (elected), 1874; William B. 
 Napton (elected), 1874-80; John W. Henry, 1876-86; Robert 
 
 D. Eay succeeded William B. Napton, 1880; Elijah H. Norton 
 (appointed in 1876), elected, 1878; T. A. Sherwood (re-elected), 
 1882; F. M. Black, 1884. 
 
 Uniied States Se7iators.—T. H. Benton, 1820-50; D. Barton, 
 1820-30; Alexander Buckner, 1830-33; L. F. Linn, 1833-43; D. 
 
 E. Atchison, 1843-55; H. S. Geyer, 1851-57; James S. Green, 
 1857-61 ; T. Polk, 1857-63 ; Waldo P. Johnson, 1861 ; Eobert Wil- 
 son, 1861 ; B. Gratz Brown (for unexpired term of Johnson), 1863 ; 
 J. B. Henderson, 1863-69 ; Charles D. Drake, 1867-70 ; Carl Schurz, 
 1869-75; D. F. Jewett (in place of Drake, resigned), 1870; F. 
 P. Blair, 1871-77; L. V. Bogy, 1873; James Shields (elected for 
 unexpired term of Bogy), 1879; D. H. Armstrong (appointed 
 for unexpired term of Bogy) ; F. M. Cockrell (re-elected 1881), 
 1875-81; George G. Vest (re-elected in 1885 for six years), 
 1879-1885. 
 
 Eepreseniatives to Congress. — John Scott, 1820-26; E. 
 Bates, 1826-28 ; Spencer Pettis, 1828-31 ; William H. Ashley, 
 1831-36; John Bull, 1832-34; Albert G. Harrison, 1834-39; 
 John Miller, 1836-42; John Jameson (re-elected 1846 for two 
 years), 1839-44; John C. Edwards, 1840-42; James M. Hughes, 
 1842-44; James H. Eelfe, 1842-46; James B. Bowlin, 1842-50; 
 Gustavus M. Bower, 1842-44; Sterling Price, 1844-46; Will- 
 iam McDaniel, 1846; Leonard H. Sims, 1844r-46: John S. 
 Phelps, 1844-60; James S. Green (re-elected 1856, resigned), 
 1846-50; Willard P. Hall 1846-53; William V. N. Bay, 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 167 
 
 1848-61; John F. Darby, 1850-53; Gilchrist Porter, 1850-57; 
 John G. Miller, 1850-56; Alfred W.Lamb, 1852-54; Thomas 
 H. Benton, 1852-54; Mordecai Oliver, 1852-57; James J. Lind- 
 ley, 1852-56; Samuel Caruthers, 1852-58; Thomas P. Akers (to 
 fill unexpired term of J. G. Miller, deceased, 1855; Francis P. 
 Blair, Jr. (re-elected 1860, resigned), 1856; Thomas L. Ander- 
 son, 1856-60; James Craig, 1856-60; Silas H. Woodson, 
 1856-60; John B. Clark, Sr., 1857-61; J. Eichard Barrett, 
 1860; John W. Noel, 1858-63; James S. Kollins, 1860-64; 
 Elijah H. Norton, ,1860-63; John W. Eeid, 1860-61; William 
 A. Hall, 1862-64; Thomas L. Price (in place of Reid, expelled) 
 1862; Henry T. Blow, 1862-66; Semprouious T. Boyd (elected 
 in 1862, and again in 1868, for two years) ; Joseph W. McClurg, 
 1862-66; Austin A. King, 1862-64; Benjamin F. Loan, 
 1862-69; John G. Scott (in place of Noel, deceased), 1863; 
 John Hogan, 1864-66; Thomas F. Noel, 1864-67; John E. 
 Kelsoe, 1864-66; Eobert T. A' an Horn, 1864-71; John F. Ben- 
 jamin, 1864-71; George W. Anderson, 1864-66; William A. 
 Pile, 1866-68; C. A. Newcomb, 1866-68; Joseph J. Gravelly, 
 1866-68; James E. McCormack, 1866-73; John H. Stover (in 
 place of McClurg, resigned) 1867; Erastus Wells, 1868-82; G. 
 
 A. Finklenburg, 1868-71; Samuel S. Burdett, 1868-71; Joel F. 
 Asper, 1868-70; David P. Dyer, 1868-70; Harrison E. Havens, 
 1870-75; Isaac G. Parker, 1870-75; James G. Blair, 1870-72; 
 Andrew King, 1870-72; Edwin O. Stanard, 1872-74; William 
 H. Stone, 1872-78; Robert A. Hatcher (elected), 1872; Eichard 
 
 B. Bland, 1872; Thomas T. Crittenden, 1872-74; Ira B. Hyde, 
 1872-74; John B. Clark, Jr., 1872-78; John M. Glover, 1872; 
 Aylett H. Buckner, 1872; Edward C. Kerr, 1874-78; Charles 
 H. Morgan, 1874; John F. Phillips, 1874; B. J. Franklin, 1874; 
 David Eea, 1874; Eezin A. DeBolt, 1874; Anthony Ittner, 1876, 
 Nathan Cole, 1876; Eobert A. Hatcher, 1876-78; E. P. Bland, 
 1876-78; A. H. Buckner, 1876-78; J. B.Clark, Jr., 1876-78; 
 T. T. Crittenden, 1876-78; B. J. Franklin, 1876-78; John M. 
 Glover, 1876-78; Robert A. Hatcher, 1876-78; Charles H. Mor- 
 gan (re-elected in 1881 and 1882), 1876-78; L. S. Metcalf, 
 1876-78; H. M. Pollard, 1876-78; David Rea, 1876-78; S. L. 
 
168 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Sawyer, 1878-80; N. Ford, 1878-82; G. R Eothwell, 1878-82; 
 John B. Clark, Jr., 1878-82; W. H. Hatch (re-elected in 1884), 
 1878-84; A. H. Buckner (re-elected in 1882), 1878-82; M. L. 
 Clardy (re-elected in 1882 and 1884), 1878-82; K. G. Frost, 
 1878-82; L. W. Davis (re-elected in 1882), 1878-82; R. P. 
 Bland (re-elected in 1882 and 1884), 1878-82; J. E. Waddell, 
 1878-80; T. Allen 1880-82; R. Hazeltine, 1880-82; T. M. Rice, 
 1880-82; R. T. Van Horn, 1880-82; J. G. Burrows, 1880-82; 
 A. M. Alexander, 1882-84; Alex. M. Dockery (re-elected in 
 1884), 1882-84; James N. Burns (re-elected in 1884) 1882-84; 
 Alexander Graves, 1882-84; John Gosgrove, 1882-84; John J. 
 O'Neill (re-elected in 1884), 1882-84; James O. Broadhead, 
 1882-84; R. W. Fyan, 1882-84; John B. Hale, 1884; ^'illiam 
 Warner, 1884; John T. Heard, 1884; J. E. Hutton, 1884; John 
 M. Glover, 1884; William J. Stone, 1884: William H. Wade, 
 1884; William Dawson, 1884. 
 
 CONGRESSMEN ELECTED IN 1886; TERMS EXPIRE IN 1889. 
 
 First District, William H. Hatch; Second District, Charles 
 H. Mansur; Third District, Alex. M. Dockery; Fourth District, . 
 James N. Burnes ; Fifth District, William Warner ; Sixth Dis- 
 trict, John T. Heard; Seventh District, John E. Hutton; 
 Eighth District, John J. O'Neill; Ninth District, John M. 
 Glover; Tenth District, Martin L. Clardy; Eleventh District, 
 Richard P. Bland; Twelfth District, William J. Stone; Thir- 
 teenth District, William H. Wade; Fourteenth District, James 
 L. Walker. 
 
 The supreme judge elected in 1886 was Theodore Bi-ace, in 
 room of John W. Henry; the superintendent of public schools 
 was William E. Coleman, re-elected. 
 
 Missouri's delegations in the confederate congress. 
 
 ,1861-63— Senate, John B. Clark, Sr., R. L. T. Peyton. 
 House, W. M. Cooke, Thomas A. Harris, Aaron H. Conrow, 
 Casper W. Bell, George G. Vest, Thomas W. Freeman, John 
 Hyer. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 169 
 
 1864-65 — Senate, AValclo P. Johnson, Rev. L. M. Lewis. 
 House, Thomas L. Snead, N. L. Norton, John B. Clark, Sr., A. 
 H. Courow, George G. Vest, Peter S. Wilkes and Eobert A. 
 Hatcher. 
 
 REBEL GOVERNORS. 
 
 1861-62 — Claiborne F. Jackson; lieutenant governor, Thomas 
 C. Reynolds. 
 
 1862-65 — Thomas C. Reynolds; lieutenant governor, vacancy. 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. 
 
 Following is the aggregate vote of the State at every presi- 
 dential election since the admission of Missouri into the Union: 
 
 1824 — Andrew Jackson, Republican, 987; John Quincy 
 Adams, Coalition, 311; Henry Clay, Republican, 1,401; Clay's 
 majority, 103. Total vote, 12,099. Number of electoral votes, 3. 
 
 1828 — Andrew Jackson, Democrat, 8,232; John Quincy 
 Adams, National Republican, 3,422; Jackson's majority, 4,810. 
 Total vote, 11,654. Number of electors, 3. 
 
 1832 — Andrew Jackson, Democrat, had a majority over Henry 
 Clay, National Republican, of 5,192. Number of electors, 4. 
 
 1836 — Martin Van Buren, Democrat, 10,995; William H. 
 Harrison and Hugh L. White, Fusion, 8,837; Van Buren's ma- 
 jority, 2,658. Total vote, 19,332. Number of electors, 4. 
 
 1840— Martin Van Buren, Democrat, 29,760; William Henry 
 Harrison, Whig, 22,972; Van Buren's majority, 6,788. Total 
 vote, 52,732. Number of electors, 4. 
 
 1844 — James K. Polk, Democrat, 41,369; Henry Clay, Whig, 
 31,251; Polk's majority, 10,118. Total vote, 72,620. Number 
 of electors, 7. 
 
 1848 — Lewis Cass, Democrat, 40,077; Zachary Taylor, Whig, 
 32,671; Cass's majority, 7,406. Total vote, 72,748. Number 
 of electors, 7. 
 
 1852 — Franklin Pierce, Democrat, 38,353; Winfield Scott, 
 Whig, 29,984; Pierce's majority, 8,369. Total vote, 68,337. 
 Number of electors, 9. 
 
 1856 — James Buchanan, Democrat, 58,164; Millard Fill- 
 more, American, 48,524; Buchanan's majority, 9,640. Total 
 vote, 106,688. Number of electors, 9. 
 
170 HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 1860 — Stephen A. Douglas, Democrat, 58,801; John Bell, 
 Union, 58,372; John 0. Breckinridge, Democrat, 31,317; Abra- 
 ham Lincoln, Republican, 17,028; Douglas' plurality over Bell, 
 429. Total vote, 165,518. Number of electors, 9. 
 
 1864 — Abraham Lincoln, Republican, 72,750; George B. 
 McClellan, Democrat, 31,678; Lincoln's majority, 41,072. Total 
 vote, 104,428. Number of electors, 11. 
 
 1868 — U. S. Grant, Republican, 86,860; Horatio Seymour, 
 Democrat, 65,628; Grant's majority, 21,232. Total vote, 152,- 
 488. Number of electors, 11. 
 
 1872 — Horace Greeley, Liberal Republican, 151,434; U. S. 
 Grant, Republican, 119,196; Charles O'Conor, Democrat, 2,429; 
 Greeley's majority, 29,809. Total vote, 273,059. Number of 
 electors, 15. 
 
 1876— Samuel J. Tilclen, Democrat, 203,077; R. B. Hayes, 
 Republican, 145,029; Peter Cooper, Greenbacker, 3,498; Green 
 Clay Smith, Temperance, 64; scattering, 97; Tilden over all, 
 54,389. Total vote, 351,765. Number of electors, 15. 
 
 1880— Winfield S. Hancock, Democrat, 208,609; James A. 
 Garfield, Republican, 153,567; James B. Weaver, Greenbacker, 
 35,045 ; Hancock's plurality, 55,042. Total vote, 397,221. Num- 
 ber of electors, 15. 
 
 1884 — Grover Cleveland, Democrat, 235,988; James G. 
 Blaine, Republican, and Benjamin F. Butler, Greenbacker, 
 (Fusion electors) 202,929; John P. St. John, Prohibition, 
 2,153; Cleveland's plurality, 30,906. Total vote, 441,070. Num- 
 ber of electors, 16. 
 
 In 1884 the vote for governor resulted: John S. Marmaduke, 
 Democrat, 218,885; Nicholas Ford, Fusion, 207,939; John A. 
 Brooks, Prohibition, 10,426; Marmaduke over Ford, 10,946; 
 over all, 520. Total vote, 437,250. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 171 
 
 THE VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 
 
 1836-40-44. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Adair 
 
 Andrew 
 
 Audrain 
 
 Barry 
 
 Bates 
 
 Buclianan 
 
 Benton 
 
 Boone 
 
 Callaway 
 
 Camden 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Cape Girardeau 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Chariton 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clay 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Cole 
 
 Cooper 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Dade 
 
 Daviess 
 
 Decatur (now Ozark) 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Gasconade 
 
 Greene 
 
 Grundy 
 
 Henry (called Rives in 1836-40). 
 
 Holt 
 
 Howard 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jasper 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Johnson 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Linn 
 
 Livingston 
 
 Macon 
 
 Madison 
 
 Marion 
 
 Miller 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Morgan 
 
 New Madrid 
 
 Newton 
 
 No re 
 
 No re 
 140 
 33 
 
 84 
 No re 
 38£ 
 
 48 
 
 73 
 No re 
 
 59 
 
 4 
 714 
 446 
 
 No re 
 
 133 
 81 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 354 
 183 
 
 89 
 
 78 
 
 165 
 
 19' 
 
 375 
 
 No re 
 
 No re 
 
 No re 
 
 No )-e 
 
 343 
 
 No re 
 
 280 
 
 169 
 
 51 
 
 No re 
 
 3 O 
 
 rag 
 
 turn 
 
 .55 
 
 75 
 567 
 616 
 
 tu in 
 435 
 143 
 188 
 
 turn 
 34' 
 139 
 576 
 
 turn 
 86 
 
 turn 
 
 338 
 115 
 140 
 
 108 
 
 619 
 
 489 
 
 138 
 240 
 394 
 298 
 336 
 
 turn 
 
 turn 
 
 turn 
 
 turn 
 3J 
 
 turn 
 317 
 92 
 216 
 
 turn 
 
 1840. 
 
 a o 
 
 n a 
 
 New c 
 
 New c 
 131 
 88 
 
 New c 
 
 340 
 
 150 
 
 1,113 
 
 881 
 
 New c 
 133 
 455 
 113 
 346 
 340 
 457 
 127 
 848 
 778 
 240 
 
 New c 
 170 
 
 New c 
 355 
 136 
 379 
 
 New c 
 291 
 
 New c 
 753 
 457 
 
 New c^ 
 298 
 255 
 500 
 542 
 463 
 93 
 249 
 374 
 152 
 82' 
 21 
 815 
 334 
 167 
 363 
 178 
 
 18«. 
 
 
 ounty 
 ounty 
 
 123 
 436 
 
 ounty 
 
 1,118 
 
 501 
 
 500 
 
 636 
 
 ounty 
 154 
 764 
 182 
 391 
 206 
 649 
 288 
 963 
 694 
 264 
 
 ounty 
 364 
 
 ounty 
 553 
 636 
 453 
 
 ounty 
 421 
 
 ounty 
 901 
 711 
 
 ounty 
 821 
 374 
 475 
 602 
 543 
 235 
 487 
 500 
 375 
 534 
 317 
 618 
 26; 
 
 494 
 194 
 630 
 
 204 
 384 
 175 
 142 
 206 
 599 
 252 
 1.190 
 940 
 
 70 
 129 
 518 
 242 
 371 
 235 
 765 
 310 
 418 
 901 
 337 
 255 
 318 
 
 57 
 386 
 
 71 
 351 
 346 
 280 
 185 
 1,013 
 614 
 155 
 337 
 367 
 830 
 380 
 578 
 369 
 198 
 33 
 183 
 1,017 
 
 74 
 792 
 359 
 362 
 298 
 
 189 
 
 
 450 
 941 
 163 
 478 
 307 
 
 1,162 
 664 
 602 
 793 
 247 
 212 
 914 
 311 
 602 
 220 
 552 
 567 
 
 1,132 
 783 
 367 
 690 
 446 
 308 
 796 
 336 
 817 
 365 
 383 
 378 
 969 
 853 
 242 
 349 
 511 
 576 
 403 
 683 
 494 
 351 
 457 
 399 
 721 
 369 
 578 
 233 
 544 
 208 
 663 
 
 
172 
 
 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 THE VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 
 
 lS36-A0-4i.— Concluded. 
 
 
 1836. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1844. 
 
 COXJNTIES. 
 
 as 
 
 11 
 
 ts a 
 
 > 
 
 1— ( * 
 
 £§ 
 Si 
 
 > 
 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 Ph 
 
 Niflno"na fnow Da,lla.s) 
 
 
 
 New c 
 
 ountv 
 
 76 
 120 
 900 
 385 
 238 
 861 
 273 
 
 86 
 422 
 596 
 599 
 
 31 
 480 
 177 
 801 
 193 
 3,688 
 591 
 317 
 258 
 
 57 
 244 
 115 
 
 86 
 257 
 364 
 613 
 
 86 
 
 97 
 
 345 
 
 
 
 
 New c ounty 
 459 968 
 
 434 
 
 Platte 
 
 
 
 1,386 
 
 
 17 
 
 64 
 
 405 
 
 65 
 
 49 
 
 123 
 
 195 
 
 232 
 
 
 
 283 
 
 173 
 161 
 415 
 
 319 
 
 339 
 
 463 
 
 Pettis 
 
 156 
 732 
 
 262 
 746 
 860 
 
 319 
 
 Pike 
 
 809 
 
 Polk 
 
 80: 241 
 
 636 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 230i 196 720 
 
 151 ! 400! 335 
 
 335 
 
 Rails 
 
 833 
 
 
 399 515 
 
 405 
 563 
 325 
 459 
 
 ounty 
 
 199 
 
 233 
 
 1,874 
 
 322 
 
 ounty 
 500 
 
 ounty 
 226 
 308 
 258 
 360 
 848 
 514 
 211 
 
 ounty 
 
 571 
 
 Ray 
 
 331 
 
 70 
 
 237 
 
 432 
 
 15 
 
 586 
 
 New c 
 
 321 
 
 170 
 
 2,515 
 
 375 
 
 New c 
 
 284 
 
 New c 
 
 233 
 
 69 
 
 41 
 
 208 
 
 342 
 
 784 
 
 
 266 
 
 St Charles 
 
 503 
 
 St Clair 
 
 343 
 
 St Francois 
 
 144 
 
 47 
 
 848 
 
 135 
 
 197 
 
 97 
 
 618 
 
 178 
 
 334 
 
 Ste Genevieve 
 
 245 
 
 
 3,829 
 
 
 446 
 
 
 442 
 
 Scott 
 
 No re 
 
 turn 
 
 480 
 
 
 271 
 
 Shelby 
 
 31 
 
 17 
 
 No re 
 
 No re 
 
 150 
 
 345 
 
 No re 
 
 63 
 
 170 
 turn 
 turn 
 
 376 
 
 209 
 
 Stoddard 
 
 323 
 
 Taney . 
 
 297 
 
 Van Burpn ^now Cass^ 
 
 443 
 
 
 341 
 
 
 311 479 
 turn 57 
 
 588 
 
 W^ayne 
 
 366 
 
 Wright 
 
 
 New c 
 
 486 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7,337 
 
 10.995 22,973 
 
 1 
 
 29,760 
 
 31,351 
 
 41,369 
 
 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 
 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, 1848. 
 
 173 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Adair 
 
 Andrew 
 
 Atchison 
 
 Audrain 
 
 Barry 
 
 Bates 
 
 Benton 
 
 Boone 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Callaway 
 
 Camden 
 
 Cape Girardeau. . 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Cass (Van Buren) 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Chariton 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clay 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Cole 
 
 Cooper 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Dade 
 
 Dallas 
 
 Daviess 
 
 De Kalb 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Gasconade 
 
 Gentry 
 
 Greene 
 
 Grundy 
 
 Harrison 
 
 Henry 
 
 Hickory 
 
 Holt 
 
 Howard 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jasper 
 
 JefEerson 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Knox 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Linn 
 
 Livingston 
 
 Macon 
 
 Madison 
 
 i.-.sr 
 
 110 
 384 
 
 77 
 135 
 
 55 
 146 
 308 
 
 704' 
 128 
 349' 
 1.55 
 485 
 266 
 270 
 116 
 414 
 284 
 626 
 290 
 277 
 813 
 263 
 166 
 105 
 369 
 
 37 
 339 
 
 87 
 152 
 401 
 225 
 
 63 
 374 
 
 98 
 148 
 801 
 695 
 161 
 246 
 334 
 196 
 915 
 170 
 479 
 566 
 230 
 195 
 360 
 331 
 
 "'ft 
 
 200 
 689 
 136 
 166 
 217 
 186 
 3S2 
 588 
 
 1,055 
 168 
 631 
 282 
 709 
 298 
 410 
 371 
 577 
 242 
 
 • 418 
 286 
 581 
 633 
 375 
 306 
 383 
 358 
 146 
 680 
 349 
 396 
 835 
 187 
 144 
 339 
 334 
 248 
 88S 
 954 
 294 
 311 
 451 
 197 
 585 
 374 
 479 
 696 
 297 
 373 
 470 
 377 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Marion 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Miller 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Moniteau 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Montgomery. . . 
 
 Morgan 
 
 New Madrid. . . 
 
 Newton 
 
 Nodaway 
 
 Osage 
 
 '■ Oregon 
 
 Ozark 
 
 Perry 
 
 Pettis 
 
 'Pike 
 
 Platte 
 
 Polk 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Ralls 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Ray 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 Ripley 
 
 St. Charles . . . . 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 St. Francois . . . 
 
 Ste. Genevieve. 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Saline 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Scott 
 
 Shannon 
 
 Shelby 
 
 Stoddard 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 Taney 
 
 Texas 
 
 Warren 
 
 Washington . 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Wright 
 
 Total. 
 
 Majority . 
 
 
 1,046 
 144 
 
 76 
 133 
 161 
 807 
 379 
 167 
 333 
 161 
 
 43 
 
 93 
 7 
 
 69 
 322 
 230 
 793 
 1,102 
 231 
 134 
 
 74 
 397 
 607 
 509 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 477 
 148 
 285 
 142 
 4,827 
 586 
 304 
 131 
 147 
 
 35 
 175 
 
 97 
 154 
 
 54 
 
 83 
 351 
 473 
 
 91 
 
 33,671 
 
 
 797 
 183 
 373 
 181 
 466 
 561 
 186 
 342 
 168 
 461 
 148 
 313 
 111 
 113 
 389 
 265 
 784 
 
 1,494 
 516 
 241 
 120 
 399 
 508 
 626 
 148 
 154 
 .569 
 163 
 274 
 168 
 
 4,778 
 438 
 192 
 240 
 317 
 54 
 363 
 196 
 350 
 335 
 185 
 336 
 433 
 245 
 131 
 
 40,077 
 
 7,406 
 
174 
 
 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 
 
 1852-56-60. 
 
 
 1852. 
 
 1856. 
 
 I860. 
 
 COUHTIES. 
 
 
 i 
 
 .8 
 
 ri 
 
 aa 
 
 n-1 
 
 I' 
 
 IS 
 
 C3 
 
 a 
 
 ci 
 
 S. 
 
 —-a 
 
 r 
 
 
 a 
 
 t 
 
 A 
 
 .2 0= 
 
 Adair 
 
 113 
 466 
 106 
 300 
 
 72 
 
 Newc 
 
 104 
 
 167 
 
 28 
 
 1,113 
 
 713 
 
 16 
 157 
 670 
 
 67 
 338 
 239 
 
 301 
 784 
 150 
 160 
 353 
 ounty 
 116 
 328 
 113 
 613 
 857 
 26 
 209 
 493 
 109 
 487 
 286 
 
 383 
 438 
 133 
 565 
 148 
 53 
 355 
 159 
 199 
 
 1,329 
 
 768 
 
 34 
 
 237 
 
 1,095 
 210 
 664 
 399 
 
 410 
 889 
 345 
 531 
 488 
 64 
 409 
 467 
 413 
 958 
 1,036 
 143 
 395 
 805 
 269 
 898 
 659 
 
 616 
 819 
 645 
 389 
 357 
 107 
 511 
 574 
 350 
 578 
 1,636 
 335 
 263 
 839 
 269 
 543 
 753 
 4 
 342 
 324 
 692 
 130 
 543 
 538 
 368 
 430 
 988 
 169 
 383 
 225 
 692 
 207 
 239 
 150 
 With 
 888 
 188 
 873 
 398 
 416 
 910 
 633 
 398 
 453 
 939 
 136 
 349 
 1,095 
 407 
 490 
 617 
 
 293 
 677 
 165 
 580 
 333 
 76 
 386 
 306 
 166 
 
 1,671 
 
 1287 
 
 88 
 
 367 
 
 1,306 
 224 
 651 
 552 
 16 
 715 
 266 
 608 
 342 
 752 
 
 1,045 
 674 
 226 
 952 
 353 
 406 
 388 
 545 
 343 
 343 
 309 
 Ozark 
 577 
 157 
 517 
 986 
 507 
 319 
 703 
 197 
 348 
 930 
 176 
 194 
 
 1,473 
 434 
 416 
 
 1,324 
 
 339 
 319 
 
 68 
 206 
 386 
 
 93 
 348 
 100 
 
 99 
 653 
 614 
 
 17 
 186 
 472 
 132 
 325 
 276 
 
 83 
 607 
 277 
 295 
 308 
 497 
 305 
 314 
 487 
 281 
 193 
 305 
 173 
 365 
 338 
 313 
 
 79 
 
 185 
 
 
 97 
 
 Atchison 
 
 68 
 
 Audrain 
 
 1 
 
 Barry 
 
 1 
 
 Barton 
 
 28 
 
 Bates 
 
 30 
 
 Benton 
 
 74 
 
 Bollinger 
 
 23 
 
 Boone 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 12 
 452 
 
 Butler 
 
 1 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 43 
 
 Callaway 
 
 15 
 
 Camden 
 
 Cape Girardeau 
 
 6 
 175 
 
 Carroll 
 
 3 
 
 Carter 
 
 
 Cass 
 
 328 
 
 65 
 
 348 
 
 337 
 162 
 498 
 
 596 
 163 
 440 
 
 561 
 391 
 559 
 
 33 
 
 Cedar 
 
 4 
 
 Chariton 
 
 Christian 
 
 1 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clay 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Cole 
 
 Cooper 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Dade 
 
 335 
 
 626 
 
 383 
 
 316 
 
 645 
 
 340 
 
 175 
 
 103 
 
 396 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 No 
 
 389 
 406 
 290 
 462 
 535 
 378 
 376 
 344 
 351 
 96 
 167 
 return 
 
 721 
 756 
 406 
 259 
 787 
 460 
 333 
 132 
 380 
 77 
 172 
 101 
 
 587 
 675 
 397 
 5.52 
 778 
 434 
 418 
 454 
 572 
 396 
 336 
 147 
 
 277 
 
 11 
 
 114 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 Dallas 
 
 20 
 
 Daviess 
 
 33 
 
 Dent 
 
 7 
 
 De Kalb 
 
 Dunklin 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 Franklin 
 
 377 
 89 
 133 
 484 
 315 
 111 
 366 
 75 
 189 
 675 
 
 619 
 304 
 233 
 920 
 184 
 164 
 245 
 194 
 291 
 763 
 
 531 
 230 
 396 
 1,003 
 350 
 318 
 403 
 130 
 240 
 798 
 
 846 
 403 
 757 
 1,029 
 335 
 495 
 369 
 333 
 409 
 867 
 
 108 
 
 51 
 
 259 
 
 414 
 
 190 
 
 50 
 
 333 
 
 143 
 
 171 
 
 247 
 
 91 
 
 36 
 
 943 
 
 192 
 
 155 
 
 527 
 
 494 
 
 Gasconade 
 
 433 
 
 Gentry 
 
 201 
 
 Greene 
 
 42 
 
 Grundy 
 
 129 
 
 Harrison 
 
 397 
 
 Henry 
 
 16 
 
 Hickory 
 
 15 
 
 Holt 
 
 203 
 
 Howard 
 
 1 
 
 Howell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 108 
 
 Jackson 
 
 738 
 169 
 173 
 360 
 
 858 
 355 
 310 
 456 
 
 894 
 294 
 523 
 
 844 
 
 1,168 
 398 
 387 
 540 
 
 191 
 
 Jasper 
 
 38 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 149 
 
 Johnson 
 
 18 
 
 
 
HISTOBT OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 175 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OP 
 
 1852-5G-60.—C'ontinved. 
 
 
 1852. 
 
 1856. 
 
 I860. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 r 
 
 ga 
 So 
 
 £"1 
 
 O 0) 
 
 aa 
 
 Si 
 
 IS 
 
 P5 
 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 m 
 
 P3 
 
 a 
 S 
 
 ii 
 
 Knox 
 
 310 
 
 71 
 
 303 
 
 168 
 
 398 
 
 440 
 
 249 
 
 251 
 
 63 
 
 355 
 
 117 
 
 New c 
 
 894 
 
 186 
 
 62 
 
 117 
 
 189 
 
 760 
 
 386 
 
 133 
 
 93 
 
 107 
 
 61 
 
 11 
 
 143 
 
 32 
 
 57 
 
 171 
 
 345 
 
 355 
 184 
 532 
 390 
 408 
 587 
 383 
 331 
 194 
 473 
 359 
 ouuty 
 751 
 186 
 379 
 168 
 353 
 611 
 365 
 378 
 
 33 
 333 
 111 
 
 95 
 373 
 
 57 
 
 34 
 213 
 301 
 
 391 
 235 
 1,393 
 358 
 642 
 572 
 383 
 430 
 
 61 
 435 
 355 
 
 67 
 1.321 
 417 
 108 
 317 
 387 
 1,012 
 603 
 227 
 295 
 236 
 183 
 
 37 
 219 
 
 51 
 111 
 207 
 432 
 
 471 
 321 
 654 
 574 
 761 
 846 
 400 
 501 
 399 
 934 
 418 
 346 
 787 
 450 
 234 
 327 
 427 
 763 
 365 
 403 
 234 
 528 
 438 
 324 
 413 
 149 
 119 
 586 
 319 
 
 687 
 189 
 774 
 138 
 468 
 806 
 521 
 401 
 206 
 1,176 
 305 
 
 98 
 
 1,240 
 
 682 
 
 94 
 233 
 476 
 680 
 613 
 550 
 117 
 654 
 546 
 
 66 
 335 
 
 81 
 118 
 467 
 369 
 354 
 1,117 
 845 
 135 
 107 
 590 
 391 
 360 
 881 
 133 
 
 78 
 832 
 344 
 592 
 351 
 9,364 
 563 
 455 
 741 
 215 
 
 37 
 476 
 330 
 
 520 
 335 
 
 1,577 
 445 
 833 
 735 
 546 
 578 
 138 
 655 
 326 
 95 
 
 1,886 
 491 
 193 
 305 
 546 
 
 1,086 
 658 
 331 
 323 
 406 
 265 
 45 
 190 
 69 
 154 
 217 
 615 
 199 
 
 1,300 
 
 1,208 
 730 
 62 
 369 
 585 
 831 
 
 1,006 
 38 
 74 
 619 
 338 
 431 
 317 
 
 4,931 
 
 1,035 
 367 
 436 
 343 
 38 
 703 
 385 
 
 301 
 376 
 371 
 516 
 597 
 396 
 219 
 470 
 194 
 414 
 
 98 
 309 
 433 
 169 
 495 
 185 
 333 
 408 
 
 83 
 204 
 160 
 255 
 274 
 245 
 308 
 155 
 
 70 
 
 63 
 211 
 430 
 420 
 877 
 477 
 281 
 246 
 149 
 520 
 333 
 
 85 
 333 
 
 64 
 294 
 141 
 
 73 
 610 
 366 
 351 
 187 
 192 
 137 
 393 
 198 
 
 161 
 
 Laclede 
 
 6 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 34 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 59 
 
 Lewis 
 
 43 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 3 
 
 
 105 
 
 
 20 
 
 McDonald 
 
 3 
 
 
 134 
 
 Madison . 
 
 9 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 235 
 
 
 80 
 
 Miller 
 
 23 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 87 
 
 
 8 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 45 
 
 Morgan 
 
 18 
 
 New Madrid 
 
 
 Newton 
 
 33 
 
 Nodaway 
 
 147 
 
 Oregon 
 
 3 
 
 
 358 
 
 Ozark . 
 
 
 
 
 Perry 
 
 139 
 
 Pettis 
 
 9 
 
 Phelps 
 
 37 
 
 Pike 
 
 803 
 910 
 260 
 
 39 
 135 
 341 
 476 
 483 
 5 
 
 16 
 378 
 149 
 350 
 132 
 4,298 
 514 
 177 
 316 
 
 59 
 
 758 
 
 1,060 
 
 504 
 
 169 
 
 156 
 
 378 
 
 502 
 
 618 
 
 98 
 
 83 
 
 598 
 
 335 
 
 539 
 
 165 
 
 5,826 
 
 443 
 
 222 
 
 283 
 
 97 
 
 9 
 
 328 
 
 177 
 
 i.m 
 
 1,040 
 413 
 
 68 
 257 
 534 
 606 
 744 
 
 83 
 
 41 
 583 
 310 
 401 
 308 
 6,834 
 853 
 387 
 353 
 345 
 
 14 
 433 
 151 
 
 1,113 
 1,363 
 663 
 268 
 488 
 369 
 595 
 874 
 114 
 306 
 773 
 347 
 541 
 356 
 5,534 
 599 
 472 
 632 
 223 
 40 
 373 
 315 
 
 15 
 
 Platte 
 
 6 
 
 Polk 
 
 4 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 7 
 
 
 111 
 
 Ralls 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Ray 
 
 9 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 4 
 
 Ripley 
 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 534 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 1 
 
 St. Francois 
 
 Sle Genevieve 
 
 19 
 
 48 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 9,945 
 
 
 14 
 
 Scotland 
 
 197 
 
 Scott 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 Shelby 
 
 307 
 116 
 
 90 
 
 Stoddard 
 
 
 
 
176 
 
 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 
 
 1852-5S-ei}.— Concluded. 
 
 
 18S2. 
 
 1856. 
 
 I860 
 
 Counties. 
 
 
 1 
 il 
 
 n 
 
 "1 
 
 
 d 
 
 cq 
 
 1 
 
 Stone 
 
 17 
 
 127 
 
 11 
 
 95 
 
 63 
 
 301 
 
 360 
 
 94 
 277 
 168 
 167 
 153 
 301 
 334 
 144 
 ounty 
 167 
 
 3 
 
 260 
 
 34 
 
 91 
 
 172 
 
 878 
 
 487 
 
 100 
 
 189 
 
 64 
 
 137 
 553 
 388 
 479 
 302 
 369 
 578 
 287 
 468 
 267 
 
 83 
 557 
 
 97 
 
 61 
 151 
 510 
 635 
 185 
 172 
 
 44 
 
 31 
 373 
 
 43 
 194 
 207 
 307 
 493 
 245 
 335 
 128 
 
 112 
 575 
 287 
 511 
 381 
 89 
 62 
 291 
 376 
 369 
 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 Taney 
 
 83 
 
 Texas 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 Washino'ton 
 
 28 
 
 Wayne 
 
 3 
 
 Webster 
 
 New c 
 95 
 
 7 
 
 Wiio-ht 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 29,984 
 
 38 353 
 
 48,524 
 
 58,164 
 
 58,801 
 
 58 372 
 
 31,317 
 
 17,028 
 
 
 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OP 
 
 1864-^8-73. 
 
 CotrsTiKs. 
 
 Adair 
 
 Andrew 
 
 Atchison 
 
 Audrain 
 
 BaiTT 
 
 Barton 
 
 Bates 
 
 Benton 
 
 Bollinger 
 
 Boone 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 Butler 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Callawaj' 
 
 Camden 
 
 Cape Girardeau 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Carter 
 
 Cass 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Chariton 
 
 Christian 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clay 
 
 1864. 
 
 a s 
 — g 
 
 la 
 
 797 
 
 1,141 
 
 639 
 
 1261 
 
 197: 
 
 23 
 
 271 
 
 574i 
 
 243:' 
 
 262! 
 
 1.914 
 
 No election 
 
 496: 
 
 2741 
 
 468! 
 
 1,213 
 
 285 
 
 162 
 60 
 
 393 
 
 17 
 
 P 0) 
 
 t. 3 
 
 3 O 
 
 13 
 21 
 
 12 
 813 
 810 
 
 965 
 
 1 
 
 551 
 
 113 
 
 No ele ction. 
 76 105 
 
 297i. 
 
 363 
 
 557 
 
 997| 
 
 216 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 128 
 
 930 
 1,412 
 781 
 313 
 37 
 27' 
 
 705 
 331 
 17' 
 
 1,97 
 
 No ele 
 
 844 
 
 203 
 
 406 
 
 1,009 
 96 
 33 
 
 1,010 
 630 
 799 
 573 
 
 1,080 
 293 
 
 288 
 515 
 183 
 2 
 
 322 
 229 
 620 
 329 
 79 
 171 
 
 1,373 
 ction. 
 374 
 383 
 133 
 835 
 810 
 40 
 
 1,160 
 294 
 834 
 123 
 302 
 314 
 
 3S 
 
 
 961 
 1,383 
 
 912 
 1,575 
 
 759 
 
 570 
 1,746 
 
 807 
 
 661 
 3,199 
 3,553 
 
 404 
 
 875 
 2,718 
 
 403 
 1,283 
 1,699 
 
 126 
 2,012 
 
 743 
 2,343 
 
 253 
 1,254 
 2,307 
 
 c 
 
 1,427 
 
 1,604 
 
 1,001 
 673 
 687 
 603 
 
 1,499 
 913 
 409 
 993 
 
 2,571 
 188 
 
 1,330 
 731 
 564 
 
 1,104 
 
 1,480 
 30 
 
 1,453 
 773 
 
 1,342 
 663 
 
 1,388 
 528 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 177 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OP 
 
 1864-68-73.— Co»<jft«<!(?. 
 
 COUMTIES. 
 
 O & 
 
 a u 
 
 1S68. 
 
 O ST 
 
 =5 O 
 
 23 
 
 1S72. 
 
 3S 
 
 3 O 
 
 n>Js 
 
 C: 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Cole 
 
 Cooper 
 
 Crawford.. . . 
 
 Dade 
 
 Dallas 
 
 Daviess . . . 
 
 DeKalb 
 
 Dent 
 
 Douglas 
 
 Dunklin ... 
 Franklin ... 
 Gasconade. . , 
 
 Gentry 
 
 Greene. . . . . . 
 
 Grundy .... 
 
 Harrison . . . 
 
 Henrj' 
 
 Hickory 
 
 Holt 
 
 Howard 
 
 Howell 
 
 Iron , 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jasper 
 
 Jefferson ... 
 Johnson . . . 
 
 Knos 
 
 Laclede 
 
 La Fayette . . 
 Lawrence. . . . 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Linn 
 
 Livingston . 
 
 Macon 
 
 Madison . . . . 
 
 Maries 
 
 Marion 
 
 McDonald.. . 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Miller . 
 
 Mississippi . . 
 Moniteau .. . 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Morgan 
 
 New Madrid. 
 Newton 
 
 29' 
 
 1,2.56 
 939 
 29T 
 507 
 243 
 775 
 4(10 
 10' 
 189 
 Noele 
 
 1,717 
 863 
 .525 
 
 3,333 
 933 
 
 1,35S 
 46.- 
 36.= 
 673 
 534 
 Noole 
 535 
 60S 
 46 
 915 
 832 
 669 
 659 
 346 
 833 
 774 
 542 
 90' 
 443 
 
 1,757 
 
 340 
 
 315 
 
 838 
 
 36 
 
 1,158 
 555 
 108 
 866 
 158 
 530 
 348 
 99 
 31 
 
 492 
 502 
 381 
 307 
 
 4 
 12 
 286 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 ction 
 
 401 
 
 185 
 
 281 
 
 346 
 
 1 
 
 313 
 
 232 
 
 1 
 
 81 
 
 6 
 
 ction. 
 2 
 
 55' 
 
 333 
 224 
 348 
 50 
 395 
 
 533 
 35' 
 135 
 497 
 23 
 14 
 244 
 375 
 
 3 
 111 
 25' 
 434 
 59 
 235 
 364 
 9 
 1 
 
 585 
 
 861 
 
 973 
 
 385 
 
 734 
 
 630 
 
 1,089 
 
 59' 
 
 214 
 
 445 
 
 Reje 
 
 1.634 
 
 1,074 
 
 769 
 
 1,304 
 
 1,083 
 
 1,438 
 
 980 
 
 479 
 
 1,080 
 
 171 
 
 170 
 
 308 
 
 1,441 
 
 1,099 
 
 796 
 
 1,.512 
 
 759 
 
 400 
 
 709 
 
 850 
 
 830 
 
 459 
 
 1,216 
 
 1,137 
 
 1,221 
 
 217 
 
 145 
 
 973 
 
 193 
 
 1,08: 
 
 573 
 
 30 
 
 781 
 
 174 
 
 703 
 
 586 
 
 10 
 
 778 
 
 644 
 753 
 486 
 431 
 144 
 199 
 703 
 257 
 161 
 23 
 cted. 
 
 1,146 
 135 
 443 
 740 
 306 
 475 
 710 
 112 
 137 
 
 1,256 
 
 22 
 
 209 
 
 3,052 
 444 
 833 
 861 
 345 
 373 
 543 
 397 
 825 
 398 
 650 
 788 
 
 1,114 
 161 
 315 
 703 
 41 
 379 
 157 
 328 
 349 
 
 1,302 
 481 
 378 
 342 
 
 1,418 
 
 1.333 
 
 3.179 
 
 677 
 
 701 
 
 451 
 
 1,349 
 
 841 
 
 515 
 
 Reje 
 
 80i 
 
 1,585 
 
 276 
 
 1,181 
 
 1,666 
 
 774 
 
 1.115 
 
 2,134 
 
 349 
 
 844 
 
 1,973 
 
 350 
 
 600 
 
 4,4 
 
 1.338 
 
 1,240 
 
 3,504 
 
 1,161 
 
 825 
 
 2,984 
 
 1,098 
 
 1,703 
 
 1,537 
 
 1,478 
 
 1,745 
 
 3,335 
 
 734 
 
 439 
 
 2,593 
 
 157 
 
 527 
 
 716 
 
 725 
 
 1,275 
 
 2,559 
 
 1,289 
 
 895 
 
 796 
 
 1,036 
 
 975 
 1,146 
 1,433 
 524 
 962 
 791 
 1,405 
 1,017 
 394 
 cted. 
 
 113 
 
 1,725 
 
 878 
 
 1,029 
 
 3,083 
 
 1,433 
 
 1.750 
 
 1,,536 
 
 655 
 
 1,377 
 
 873 
 
 383 
 
 377 
 
 2,814 
 
 2,092 
 
 878 
 
 2.399 
 
 850 
 
 556 
 
 1,533 
 
 1,199 
 
 1,109 
 
 645 
 
 1,686 
 
 1,571 
 
 1,745 
 
 340 
 
 253 
 
 1,685 
 
 143 
 
 1,201 
 
 865 
 
 308 
 
 986 
 
 453 
 
 1,063 
 
 657 
 
 243 
 
 1,1.58 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF MISSOUKI. 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OP 
 
 1864-68-73.— Concluded. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 
 
 o a 
 
 a s 
 
 1872. 
 
 1" 
 
 2 ° 
 
 
 O 
 
 Nodaway. 
 Oregon . . 
 
 Ozark 
 
 Pemiscot 
 
 Perry 
 
 Pettis 
 
 Phelps 
 
 Pike 
 
 Platte 
 
 Polk 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Ralls 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Ray 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 Ripley 
 
 Saline 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Scott 
 
 Shannon 
 
 Shelby 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 St. Francois. . . 
 Ste. Genevieve . 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Stoddard 
 
 Stone 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 Taney 
 
 Texas 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Warren 
 
 Washington. . 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Webster 
 
 Worth 
 
 Wright 
 
 Total 
 
 Majority 41.07S) 
 
 839 
 
 Noele 
 
 764 
 
 38 
 
 Noele 
 
 509 
 
 879 
 
 985 
 
 1,143 
 
 496 
 
 870 
 
 105 
 
 1,293 
 
 293 
 
 484 
 
 531 
 
 7 
 
 Noele 
 
 170 
 
 546 
 
 613 
 
 153 
 
 Noele 
 
 366 
 
 1,438 
 
 233 
 
 346 
 
 433 
 
 14,027 
 
 111 
 
 100 
 
 1,074 
 
 29 
 
 37 
 
 Noele 
 
 948 
 
 788 
 
 343 
 
 533 
 
 846 
 
 65 
 
 9 
 ction. 
 679 
 
 ction. 
 
 116 
 
 396 
 
 263 
 
 930 
 
 882 
 
 5 
 
 38 
 
 4' 
 
 194 
 32 
 
 30 
 ction. 
 9 
 
 191 
 533 
 186 
 ction. 
 316 
 394 
 1 
 134 
 21 
 
 10 
 ction 
 371 
 239 
 189 
 193 
 131 
 2 
 
 750 
 
 31,678 
 
 1,104 
 
 5 
 
 634 
 
 156 
 
 3 
 
 602 
 
 1,02: 
 530 
 
 1,008 
 567 
 892 
 176 
 
 1,255 
 
 225 
 
 223 
 
 769 
 
 53 
 
 45 
 
 602 
 
 509 
 
 775 
 
 347 
 
 4 
 
 579 
 
 1,543 
 570 
 354 
 246 
 16,183 
 322 
 177 
 926 
 208 
 302 
 341 
 851 
 419 
 
 Reje 
 548 
 369 
 398 
 
 588 
 329 
 664 
 56 
 147 
 570 
 797 
 405 
 
 1,619 
 758 
 413 
 199 
 348 
 194 
 
 1,412 
 534 
 138 
 108 
 377 
 240 
 707 
 230 
 172 
 305 
 
 1,099 
 
 315 
 
 37' 
 
 60' 
 
 13,491 
 
 11 
 
 103 
 
 568 
 
 52 
 
 99 
 
 581 
 
 367 
 
 722 
 
 cted. 
 
 334 
 
 349 
 
 100 
 
 86,860 
 
 65,638 
 
 1,503 
 
 445 
 
 209 
 
 135 
 
 476 
 
 621 
 
 1,965 
 
 906 
 
 2,. 578 
 
 2,148 
 
 998 
 
 534 
 
 Reje 
 
 1,177 
 
 2,213 
 
 3,357 
 
 400 
 
 314 
 
 2,790 
 
 788 
 
 1,130 
 
 804 
 
 242 
 
 1,281 
 
 1,672 
 
 1,159 
 
 1,038 
 
 634 
 
 19,399 
 
 660 
 
 132 
 
 1,119 
 
 301 
 
 838 
 
 1,344 
 
 .56' 
 
 871 
 
 565 
 
 808 
 
 446 
 
 484 
 
 1,683 
 54 
 
 770 
 
 288 
 10 
 
 725 
 1,675 
 
 696 
 1,740 
 
 936 
 1,172 
 
 324 
 
 cted. 
 
 391 
 870 
 
 1,161 
 
 125 
 
 97 
 
 1,283 
 792 
 874 
 444 
 30 
 884 
 
 1,559 
 
 1,037 
 443 
 384 
 16,701 
 319 
 348 
 
 1,133 
 339 
 481 
 601 
 
 1,007 
 641 
 354 
 763 
 531 
 553 
 
 151,434 
 
 119,196 
 
 »2 1,232 
 
 33,338 
 
 *In 1868 Ihe State authorities rejected the returns from the counties of Dunlilin, 
 Jackson, Monroe, Oregon, PLitte, Ripley, Shannon and Wayne, together with portions of other 
 counties, bringing about the following as the final declared result: Grant, 83,887; Seymour, 58,905. 
 Grant's majority, 24,982. 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 179 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 
 
 1876-80-84. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Adair 
 
 Andrew 
 
 Atchison 
 
 Audrain 
 
 Barry 
 
 Barton 
 
 Bates 
 
 Benton 
 
 Bollinger 
 
 Boone 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 Butler 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Callaway 
 
 Camden 
 
 Cape Girardeau 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Carter 
 
 Cass 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Chariton 
 
 Christian 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clay 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Cole 
 
 Cooper 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Dade 
 
 Dallas 
 
 Daviess 
 
 DeKalb 
 
 Dent 
 
 Douglas 
 
 Dunklin 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Gasconade .... 
 
 Gentry 
 
 Greene 
 
 Grundy 
 
 Harrison 
 
 Henry 
 
 Hickory 
 
 Holt 
 
 Howard 
 
 Howell 
 
 Iron 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jasper 
 
 a a 
 
 192 
 
 503 
 
 11 
 
 268 
 
 001 
 
 760 
 
 071 
 
 851 
 
 998 
 
 845 
 
 136 
 
 696 
 
 058 
 
 493 
 
 540 
 
 836 
 
 403 
 
 209 
 
 277 
 
 904 
 
 165 
 
 494 
 
 581 
 
 844 
 
 756 
 
 529 
 
 331 
 
 036 
 
 893 
 
 652 
 
 848 
 
 083 
 
 826' 
 
 136: 
 
 148 
 294 
 558 
 461 
 315 
 113 
 373 
 380 
 390 
 315 
 371 
 495 
 805 
 438 
 905 
 
 
 1,604 
 1,590 
 1,156 
 
 836 
 1,000 
 
 710 
 1,478 
 1,096 
 
 572 
 1,181 
 2,496 
 
 230 
 1,383 
 
 976 
 
 638 
 
 1,417 
 
 1,977 
 
 80 
 
 1,440 
 
 921 
 1.719 
 
 929 
 1,494 
 
 508 
 1,019 
 1,099 
 1,770 
 
 754 
 1,305 
 
 761 
 1,663 
 1,110 
 
 446 
 
 744 
 93 
 2,149 
 1,1.58 
 1,138 
 2,-565 
 1,810 
 2,013 
 1,499 
 
 631 
 1,628 
 1,048 
 
 458 
 
 386 
 2,909 
 3,138 
 
 24 
 
 56 
 
 143 
 
 13 
 
 41 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 74 
 
 115 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 28 
 17 
 14 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 57 
 
 81 
 
 15 
 146 
 
 490 
 520 
 
 1880. 
 
 •gs 
 
 83 
 
 W 
 
 1,269 
 1,571 
 1,261 
 2,322 
 1,163 
 
 942 
 2,949 
 
 962 
 1,068 
 3,269 
 4,693 
 
 746 
 1,139 
 3,369 
 
 507 
 1,869 
 2,404 
 
 238 
 2,710 
 
 900 
 2,899 
 
 438 
 1..570 
 2,969 
 2,061 
 1,384 
 2,189 
 1,099 
 
 902 
 
 487 
 3,047 
 1,805 
 1,073 
 
 163 
 1,333 
 2,260 
 
 487 
 1,983 
 1,912 
 1,102 
 1,.586 
 2,821 
 
 436 
 1,297 
 2,047 
 
 726 
 
 854 
 6,703 
 2,583 
 
 .S3 
 
 " a. 
 fa V 
 
 O 
 
 1,657 
 1,781 
 1,228 
 
 983 
 
 970 
 
 519 
 1,897 
 1,204 
 
 629 
 1,170 
 3,317 
 
 375 
 1,369 
 1,184 
 
 563 
 
 1,641 
 
 2,039 
 
 80 
 
 1,710 
 
 926 
 1,617 
 
 791 
 1,.503 
 
 589 
 1,237 
 1,338 
 1,730 
 
 805 
 1,227 
 
 654 
 1,796 
 1,238 
 
 707 
 
 497 
 
 183 
 2,647 
 1,512 
 1,377 
 3,198 
 1.91 
 2,097 
 1,694 
 
 675 
 1,605 
 1,166 
 
 457 
 
 565 
 5,123 
 2,874 
 
 339 
 121 
 490 
 530 
 327 
 712 
 245 
 164 
 117 
 418 
 391 
 
 96 
 373 
 110 
 197 
 102 
 409 
 
 50 
 375 
 358 
 548 
 529 
 120 
 193 
 187 
 
 55 
 873 
 
 69 
 238 
 555 
 385 
 321 
 
 35 
 556 
 
 78 
 
 334 
 1,286 
 134 
 239 
 306 
 252 
 312 
 513 
 305 
 
 732 
 1,114 
 
 1884. 
 
 •ga 
 
 1,443 
 1,707 
 1,345 
 3,034 
 1,586 
 1,837 
 3,785 
 1,289 
 1,241 
 3,569 
 5,336 
 
 900 
 1,343 
 3,420 
 
 608 
 2,084 
 2,893 
 
 284 
 3,057 
 1,562 
 3,287 
 
 700 
 1,6.52 
 3,179 
 2,164 
 1,526 
 2,475 
 1,106 
 1,268 
 
 687 
 2,180 
 1,501 
 1,171 
 
 388 
 1,527 
 2,290 
 
 548 
 2,155 
 3,190 
 1,203 
 1,6 
 3,292 
 
 636 
 1,475 
 2,386 
 1,369 
 
 786 
 9,551 
 3,818 
 
 2,041 
 1,985 
 1,680 
 1,.5.54 
 1,662 
 1,715 
 8,004 
 1,531 
 
 891 
 1,384 
 3,879 
 
 491 
 1,8.50 
 1,347 
 
 808 
 2,078 
 3,774 
 
 132 
 2,107 
 1,449 
 2,194 
 1,.536 
 1,.599 
 
 916 
 1,636 
 1,513 
 2,223 
 1,053 
 1,693 
 1,363 
 2,313 
 1,645 
 
 798 
 1,183 
 
 383 
 3,931 
 1,.523 
 1,800 
 3,793 
 2,126 
 2,410 
 2,280 
 1.063 
 1,957 
 1,2,56 
 1,116 
 
 .545 
 9,281 
 4,124 
 
180 
 
 HISTOBY OP MISSOURI. 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIA.L ELECTIONS OF 
 
 1876-80-84:.— Continued. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Jefferson, 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Knox 
 
 Laclede 
 
 La Fayette . . . . 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Linn 
 
 Livingston 
 
 McDonald 
 
 Macon 
 
 Madison 
 
 Maries 
 
 Marion 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Miller 
 
 Mississippi .... 
 
 Moniteau 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Montgomery. . . 
 
 Morgan 
 
 New" ]\[adrid. . . 
 
 Newton 
 
 Nodaway 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Osage 
 
 Ozark 
 
 Pemiscot 
 
 Perry 
 
 Pettis 
 
 Phelps 
 
 Pike 
 
 Platte 
 
 Polk 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Ralls 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Ray 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 Ripley 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 St. Francois.. . . 
 Ste. Genevieve. 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 St. Louis City.. 
 Saline 
 
 -o 
 
 w 
 
 853 
 734 
 538 
 009 
 881 
 137 
 059 
 294 
 914 
 1,013 
 715 
 776 
 277 
 840 
 099 
 960 
 662 
 ,195 
 ,607 
 ,422 
 ,809 
 ,038 
 ,042 
 733 
 ,411 
 656 
 ,082 
 231 
 745 
 1.50 
 88.3 
 316 
 167 
 048 
 209 
 748 
 809 
 687 
 538 
 492 
 62 
 438 
 509 
 190 
 534 
 1.59 
 385 
 
 3,943 
 
 1,157 
 
 3,183 
 
 1,165 
 
 731 
 
 1,734 
 
 1,180 
 
 1,830 
 
 1,004 
 
 1,878 
 
 1,616 
 
 400 
 
 1,752 
 
 44' 
 
 251 
 
 1,723 
 
 1,501 
 
 J36 
 
 458 
 
 1,142 
 
 589 
 
 1,411 
 
 748 
 
 283 
 
 1,546 
 
 2,213 
 
 63 
 
 895 
 
 437 
 
 8 
 
 683 
 
 2,098 
 
 750 
 
 2,132 
 
 864 
 
 1,385 
 
 408 
 
 1,478 
 
 511 
 
 1,369 
 
 1,107 
 
 115 
 
 114 
 
 1,063 
 
 931 
 
 554 
 
 533 
 
 23,916 
 
 1,738 
 
 SO 
 o 
 
 11 
 
 339 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 150 
 
 2 
 
 288 
 
 3 
 
 "3 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 39 
 
 55 
 59 
 
 1880. 
 
 a 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 1 
 8 
 5 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 26 
 
 13 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 '79 
 
 3,012 
 
 3,795 
 
 1,468 
 
 960 
 
 3,163 
 
 1,476 
 
 1,938 
 
 2,089 
 
 3,049 
 
 1,859 
 
 706 
 
 3,880 
 
 953 
 
 924 
 
 3,086 
 
 990 
 
 757 
 
 1,187 
 
 1,333 
 
 3,488 
 
 1,731 
 
 950 
 
 1,070 
 
 1,535 
 
 3,485 
 
 809 
 
 1,137 
 
 314 
 
 749 
 
 1,110 
 
 3,908 
 
 1,132 
 
 3,236 
 
 3.693 
 
 1,360 
 
 772 
 
 735 
 
 1.800 
 
 2,92 
 
 2,614 
 
 747 
 
 578 
 
 2,191 
 
 963 
 
 1,750 
 
 1,081 
 
 2,719 
 
 23,837 
 
 3,851 
 
 o 
 
 1,501 
 
 2,400 
 574 
 365 
 
 1,822 
 
 1,567 
 
 1.153 
 790 
 
 1,991 
 
 1,165 
 213 
 
 1,726 
 391 
 288 
 
 1,811 
 
 1,573 
 970 
 525 
 853 
 671 
 
 1.829 
 798 
 341 
 957 
 
 2,803 
 85 
 
 1,117 
 
 409 
 
 85 
 
 887 
 
 2,457 
 416 
 
 2,151 
 945 
 
 1,506 
 46S 
 
 1,513 
 603 
 
 1,051 
 
 908 
 
 39 
 
 115 
 
 2,223 
 765 
 778 
 650 
 
 3,333 
 33.206 
 
 1,90 
 
 69 
 
 318 
 
 765 
 
 774 
 
 102 
 
 337 
 
 152 
 
 634 
 
 182 
 
 1,268 
 
 471 
 
 844 
 
 1 
 
 58 
 
 87 
 
 231 
 
 167 
 
 113 
 
 643 
 
 120 
 
 343 
 
 57 
 
 971 
 
 941 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 132 
 
 71 
 306 
 548 
 289 
 
 49 
 350 
 
 19 
 434 
 
 14 
 691 
 568 
 
 70 
 
 33 
 
 1,058 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 872 
 
 359 
 
 1884. 
 
 ° S 
 o 
 
 3,373 
 
 3,324 
 
 1,619 
 
 1,203 
 
 3,697 
 
 1,947 
 
 2,129 
 
 3,343 
 
 3,1,57 
 
 2,030 
 
 1,040 
 
 3,100 
 
 931 
 
 957 
 
 8,351 
 
 964 
 
 1,047 
 
 1 322 
 
 1,'408 
 
 3,485 
 
 1,930 
 
 1,141 
 
 1,086 
 
 3,043 
 
 3,043 
 
 1,114 
 
 1,096 
 
 344 
 
 683 
 
 1,227 
 
 8,477 
 
 1,383 
 
 3,394 
 
 2,692 
 
 1,545 
 
 948 
 
 934 
 
 1,756[ 
 
 3,198; 
 
 2,895 
 
 790j 
 
 819i 
 
 2,118i 
 
 1,6871 
 
 1,875! 
 
 1,115 
 
 2,513 
 
 31,713 
 
 4,041 
 
 J. 
 
 s . 
 
 n a 
 
 ep 
 
 1,858 
 3,053 
 1,319 
 1,283 
 2,586 
 2,103 
 1,363 
 1,331 
 3,368 
 3,227 
 
 710 
 2,619 
 
 478 
 
 425 
 3,172 
 1,811 
 1,360 
 
 723 
 1,448 
 
 801 
 1,641 
 1,014 
 
 461 
 1,938 
 8,3.53 
 
 286 
 1,219 
 
 684 
 
 120 
 
 990 
 3,067 
 
 876 
 2,428 
 1,046 
 1,936 
 
 615 
 1,835 
 
 714 
 1,818 
 1,608 
 
 198 
 
 376 
 2,334 
 1,631 
 1.001 
 
 684 
 
 3, .547 
 
 21,135 
 
 2,579 
 
HISTOEY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 181 
 
 VOTE BY COUNTIES AT THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 
 
 1876-S0-8i.—Oo7icluded. 
 
 
 1876. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1884. 
 
 COCMTIES. 
 
 u 
 
 -o 
 
 d 
 g 
 
 it 
 
 i 
 
 .2 
 ga 
 
 is 
 
 a 
 
 ctt 
 
 ^« 
 
 2'! 
 a S* 
 
 U 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 J. 
 
 > 
 
 a c 
 'S.2 
 
 5 
 
 
 1,117 
 1.464 
 1,163 
 
 419 
 1,673 
 1,403 
 
 159 
 1,447 
 
 351 
 1,144 
 1,874 
 
 813 
 1,607 
 1,114 
 1,076 
 
 666 
 
 498 
 
 908 
 
 1,060 
 306 
 96 
 957 
 406 
 432 
 
 1,488 
 368 
 563 
 774 
 
 1,263 
 759 
 395 
 
 1,003 
 633 
 605 
 
 17 
 2 
 
 " "u 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 59 
 
 7 
 
 1,065 
 1,405 
 1,330 
 
 467 
 1,770 
 1,541 
 
 140 
 1.717 
 1,313 
 1,250 
 2,338 
 
 662 
 1,489 
 1,144 
 1,034 
 
 751 
 
 409 
 
 570 
 689 
 459 
 65 
 850 
 590 
 435 
 
 1,693 
 337 
 477 
 940 
 
 1,343 
 775 
 568 
 561 
 657 
 641 
 
 457 
 479 
 
 ■■"9 
 
 847 
 
 92 
 
 136 
 
 187 
 
 207 
 
 285 
 
 360 
 
 203 
 
 78 
 
 46 
 
 616 
 
 163 
 
 365 
 
 1,202 
 1,526 
 1,331 
 
 572 
 1,910 
 1.718 
 
 332 
 1,768 
 
 460 
 1,652 
 3,781 
 
 596 
 1,438 
 1,337 
 1,239 
 
 771 
 
 956 
 
 1,009 
 
 Scotland 
 
 1 077 
 
 Scott 
 
 515 
 
 
 157 
 
 Shelb}' 
 
 1,128 
 
 Stoddard 
 
 761 
 
 
 671 
 
 
 1,882 
 
 Taney 
 
 Texas 
 
 646 
 970 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Warren 
 
 2,007 
 1 349 
 
 Washington 
 
 983 
 
 Wayne 
 
 814 
 
 Webster 
 
 1,316 
 
 Worth 
 
 899 
 
 Wright 
 
 1,348 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 203,077 
 
 145,029 
 
 3,498 
 
 208,609 
 
 153,567 
 
 35,045 
 
 235,988 
 
 303,939 
 
 Majority 
 
 54,550 
 
 
 
 1,997 
 
 
 
 30,906 
 
 
 SALARIES OF STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 Governor, $5,000; lieutenant-governor, $5 per day; secre- 
 tary of state, treasurer, auditor, superintendent of public school, 
 register of lands, and railroad commissioner, each, $3,000; 
 superintendent of insurance department, $4,000; adjutant-gen- 
 eral, $2,000; State law librarian, $900; supreme court judges, 
 each $4,500; clerk of the supreme court, $3,000. 
 
 DATES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTIES, ORIGIN OP THEIR 
 
 NAMES, ETC. 
 
 Adair — Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Adair 
 County, Ky., whence some of the first prominent settlers came. 
 Kirksville, the county seat, was named for John Kirk, who set- 
 tled the site. 
 
 Andrew — Organized January 29, 1841. Named in honor of 
 Andrew Jackson Davis, a prominent lawyer of St. Louis. 
 
182 HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Atchison — Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of 
 Hon. David R. Atchison, then one of the United States senators. 
 The first county seat was Linden, so called from the number of 
 linn or linden trees in the vicinity. The present county .seat, 
 Rockport, was named because the Tarkio Creek at that point is 
 rocky or stony. 
 
 Audrain — ^Organized December 17, 1886. Named in honor 
 of Samuel Audrain, the first actual settler within its limits. 
 
 Barry — Organized January 5, 1835. Named in honor of 
 Commodore Barry, of the American navy. Cassville, the county 
 seat, was named for Hon. Lewis Cass. 
 
 Barton — -Organized December 12, 1855. Named in honor of 
 Hon. David Barton, one of the first two United States senators 
 from Missouri. 
 
 Bates — Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Hon. Ed- 
 ward Bates, of St. Louis. Butler, the county seat, was named 
 for Gen. William O. Butler, of Kentucky. 
 
 Benton — Organized January 3, 1835. Named for Hon. Thomas 
 H. Benton, Missouri's great senator. 
 
 Bollinger — Organized March 1, 1851. Named in honor of 
 Maj. George F. Bollinger, one of its first settters, a prominent 
 member of the Territorial Legislature, etc. The county seat, 
 Marble Hill, was so named from the alleged natural character of 
 the site. It was originally called Dallas. 
 
 Boone — Organized November 16, 1820, Named for Daniel 
 Boone. The first county seat, Smithton, was named for Gen. T. 
 A. Smith; the present, Columbia, a mile east of the former site 
 of Smithton, was pi-esumably called for " the qxieen of the world 
 and the child of the skies." 
 
 Buchanan — Organized February 10, 1889. Named in honor 
 of Hon. James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania. The first county 
 seat was Sparta, near the center of the county; in 1846 the capi- 
 tal was removed to St. Joseph. 
 
 Butler — Organized February 27, 1849. Named for Gen. 
 William O. Butler, of Kentucky, a prominent American officer in 
 the war with Mexico, and Democratic candidate for vice-presi- 
 dent in 1848. 
 
 Callaicay — Organized November 25, 1820. Named in honor 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 183 
 
 of Capt. James Callaway, a grandson of Daniel Boone, killed by 
 the Indians in the southern part of Montgomery County, March 
 8, 1815. Fulton, the county seat, laid out in 1822, was named 
 for Eobert Fulton. 
 
 Camden — Originally created January 29, 1841, and called 
 Kinder!: ook, for the country seat of President Van Buren. The 
 name was changed to Camden, for a county in North Carolina, in 
 1843. The first county seat was Oregon ; the second, Erie ; the 
 present, Linn Creek. 
 
 Caldwell — Organized December 26, 1836. Named by the 
 author of the organizing act, Gen. Ales. W. Doniphan, for Col. 
 John Caldwell, of Kentucky. The first county seat was Far West, 
 but on the destruction and abandonment of that place during the 
 Mormon War, it was removed to Kingston, named for Hon. Aus- 
 tin A. King, of E.ay County. 
 
 Cape Girardeau — One 'of the original "districts." Organized 
 October 1, 1812; reduced to its present limits March 5, 1849. 
 Named for the town which was founded by Louis Lorimer in 
 1794. Jackson, the county seat, was incorporated in 1824, and 
 named for "Old Hickory." 
 
 Carroll — Organized January 3, 1833. Named in honor of 
 Charles Carroll, of Carrolltou, one of the signers of the Declara- 
 tion. The county seat, Carrollton, was laid out in 1837. 
 
 Carter — Organized March 10, 1859. Named for Zimri Car- 
 ter, one of its earliest and most pi-ominent citizens. 
 
 Cass — Organized September 14, 1835, and first called Van 
 Buren, in honor of President Van Bureu, whom Missourians 
 delighted to honor at that day ; but in 1849. after he had been 
 the presidential candidate of the Free Soil party in the preceding 
 canvass, the name was changed to Cass, in honor of Lewis Cass, 
 of Michigan, who had been the Democratic candidate in 1848, 
 and had been defeated by Gen. Taylor. The county seat, Har- 
 risonville, was named for Hon. A. G. Harrison, of Callaway. 
 
 Cedar — -Organized February 14, 1845, and named for its prin- 
 cipal stream. The original county seat was called Lancaster. 
 In 1847 the name was changed to Fremont, in honor of the 
 " Pathfinder," but in 1856 Gen. Fremont became the Eepiiblican 
 candidate for President, and the following winter the Democratic 
 
184 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Legislature changed the name to Stockton, in honor of Commo- 
 dore Eichard Stockton, of the navy, who had arrested Fremont 
 during the Mexican War, and sought to have him disgraced. 
 
 Chariion — Organized November 16, 1820. Named for the 
 town of Chariton, which was laid out in 1818, and formerly stood 
 near the mouth of the river of that name. Lewis and Clark 
 were of the opinion that the original name of the Chariton was 
 " Theriaton," but others asserted that the word is old French, 
 and signifies a chariot or little wagon, a corruption of charrette 
 probably. The first county seat was Chariton, sometimes called 
 Old Chariton, long extinct. The present capital, Keytesville, 
 was laid out in 1832, and named by its founder, James Keyte, 
 for himself. 
 
 C/i?'Js//fHi— Organized March 8, 1860. Named probably for 
 a county in Kentucky. 
 
 Clark — Organized in 1838 (many authorities say in 1818, 
 but the Clark County then organized was in Arkansas). Named 
 in honor of Gov. "William Clark, of the Lewis and Clark expedition, 
 and first Governor of the Territory of Missouri proper, serving 
 from 1813 to 1820. 
 
 Clay — Organized January 2, 1822. Named for Henry Clay. 
 Liberty, the county seat, was laid out in 1822. 
 
 Clinton — Organized January 15, 1833; reduced to its pres- 
 ent limits in 1841. Named for Vice-President George Clinton, 
 of New York. This county seat was first called Concord, then 
 Springfield, and finally Plattsburg, for the residence of Gov. 
 Clinton. 
 
 Cole — Organized November 16, 1820. Named for Capt. 
 Stephen Cole, a noted pioneer of Missouri, who built Cole's Fort, 
 at the present site of Boonville, and who died on " the plains," 
 some time in the thirties, it is said. 
 
 Cooper — Organized December 17, 1818. Named for Capt. 
 Sarshell Cooper, another prominent pioneer, who was killed by 
 the Indians while seated at his own fireside in " Cooper's Fort," 
 Howard County, on the night of April 14, 1814. Boonville, the 
 county seat, was laid out in 1817, and named for Daniel Boone. 
 
 Crawford — Organized January 23, 1829. Named in honor 
 of Hon. William H. Crawford, of Georgia, candidate for President 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOXJKI. 185 
 
 in 1824. Until 1835 the county seat was at the month of Little 
 Piney (now in Phelps County) at the dwelling house of James 
 Harrison. The present county seat, Steelville, was located in 
 1835 and named for a prominent citizen. 
 
 Dade — Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Maj. Dade, 
 of Seminole massacre fame. The name of the county seat, Green- 
 field, has no especial significance. 
 
 Dallas — Originally called Niangua, and organized in 1842; 
 changed to Dallas December 10, 1844, and named in honor of 
 Hon. George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, then Vice-President 
 elect. Buffalo, the county seat, was named for the well-known 
 city in New York by Joe Miles, an Irish bachelor, who first set- 
 tled on the site. The word Niangua is a corruption of the orig- 
 inal Indian name, Nehemgar. 
 
 Daviess — Organized December 29, 1836. Named in honor of 
 Col. Jos. H. Daviess, of Kentucky, who fell at the battle of Tip- 
 pecanoe, in 1811. Gallatin, the county seat, was laid out in 
 1837, and named for Albert Gallatin, the old Swiss financier, 
 who was secretary of the treasury from 1801 to 1813. 
 
 De Kalh — Organized February 25, 1845, and named in honor 
 of the Baron De Kalb, of the Bevolution, who fell at the battle of 
 Camden. 
 
 Deni — Organized February 10, 1851. Named in honor of 
 Lewis Dent, a Tennesseean, who settled in the county in 1835, 
 and was its first representative, elected in 1862. Salem, the 
 county seat, was located in 1852. Perhaps when the founders 
 christened it they had in mind the Hebrew word Salem, signify- 
 ing peace. 
 
 Douglas — Organized October 19, 1857, and named for Stephen 
 A. Douglas. The county seat has been alternately at Ava and 
 Vera Cruz. 
 
 Dunklin — Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of 
 Daniel Dunklin, Governor of the State from 1832 to 1836, sur- 
 veyor-general of the United States, etc. Kennett, the county 
 seat, was named for Hon. Luther M. Kennett. 
 
 Franklin — Organized December 11, 1818. Named for Ben- 
 jamin Franklin. The first county seat was at Newport, but in 
 1830 was removed to Union. 
 
 12 
 
186 HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Gasconade — Organized November 25, 1820. Named for the 
 river; reduced to its present limits (nearly) in 1835. Hermann 
 was laid out in 1837, and became the county seat in 1845. 
 
 Gentry — Organized February 12, 1841. Named in honor of 
 Col. Richard Gentry, of Boone County, who fell at the head of 
 the Missouri regiment in the battle against the Seminole Indians 
 at Okeechobee, Fla., on Christmas day, 1837. The county seat, 
 Albany, was at first called Athens. 
 
 Greene — Organized January 2, 1833. Named for Gen. Na- 
 thaniel Greene, of the War of the Revolution. The county seat, 
 Springfield, was named for the seat of justice of Robertson County, 
 Tenn. 
 
 Grundy — Organized January 2, 1841. Named for Hon. Felix 
 Grundy, of Tennessee, attorney -general of the United States from 
 1838 to 1840, etc. The county seat was located at Trenton in 
 1843. 
 
 Harrison — Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor 
 of Hon. Albert G. Harrison, of Callaway County, a representa- 
 tive in Congress from the State from 1834 to 1839, dying in the 
 latter yeai*. Bethany, the county seat, was laid out by Tennes- 
 seeans in 1845. 
 
 Henry — Originally called Rives, in honor of William C. Rives, 
 of Virginia, then a Democratic politician of national reputation. 
 Organized December 13, 1834. In 1840 Mr. Rives became a 
 Whig, and in 1841 the name of the county was changed to Henry, 
 in honor of Patrick Henry. Clinton, the county seat, was laid 
 out in 1836, and named for George Clinton, of New York. 
 
 Hickory — Organized February 14, 1845, and named for the 
 sobriquet of Andrew Jackson. The county seat, Hermitage, was 
 named for " Old Hickory's" residence. 
 
 Holt — In 1839 the territory in the Platte Purchase north of 
 Buchanan County was organized into the " Territory" of " Ne-at- 
 a-wah," and attached to Buchanan. " Ne-at-a-wah " included the 
 present counties of Andrew, Holt, Atchison and Nodaway. In 
 1841 this territory was subdivided and the county of " Nodaway" 
 organized, but a few weeks later the Legislature changed the name 
 to Holt, in honor of Hon. David Rice Holt, the representative 
 from Platte County, who had died during the session, and who 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 187 
 
 was buried at Jefferson City. Oregon, the county seat, was laid 
 out in 1841, and at first called Finley. 
 
 Howard — Organized January 23, 1816. Named in honor of 
 Col. Benjamin Howard, Governor of the "Territory of Louisiana" 
 from 1810 to 1812. The first county seat was at Old Franklin, 
 on the Missouri, nearly opposite Boonville. Fayette (named for 
 Gen. La Fayette) became the county seat in 1823. 
 
 Howell — Organized March 2, 1857. Named for James How- 
 ell, who settled in Howell's Valley in 1832. 
 
 Iron — Organized February 17, 1857, and named for its prin- 
 cipal mineral. The origin of the name of its county seat, Iron- 
 ton, is apparent. 
 
 Jackson — Organized December 15, 1826, and named for " the 
 hero of New Orleans." Independence, the county seat, was laid 
 out in 1827. 
 
 Jasper — Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Sergt. 
 Jasper, a noted soldier of the Revolution, who planted the flag 
 on Fort Moultrie amidst a shower of British cannon balls, and 
 who fell at the assault on Savannah in 1779. 
 
 Jefferson — Organized December 8, 1818, and named for 
 Thomas Jefferson. The first county seat was at Herculaneum. 
 In 1835 it was removed to the present site, then called Monti- 
 cello. There was already a county seat in the State (in Lewis 
 County) bearing the name of Mouticello, and in 1837 the desig- 
 nation of the capital of Jefferson was changed to Hillsboro. 
 
 Johnson — Organized December 13, 1834, and named for Col. 
 Bichard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, "the slayer of Tecumseh," 
 who was afterward, from 1837 to 1841, Vice President of the 
 United States. The town of Warrensburg, the county seat, was 
 laid out in 1835, and named for its founders, John and Martin D. 
 Warren. 
 
 Knox — Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of 
 Gen. Henry Knox, the Boston booksellei', who during the Revolu- 
 tion became Washington's chief of artillery, and who, the uight 
 before the battle of Trenton, we are told, " went about tugging 
 at his guns like a Trojan and swearing like a pirate." He was 
 the first secretary of war of the United States. Edina, the county 
 seat, was laid out in 1839, and named by the surveyor, Hon. S. 
 
188 HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. 
 
 W. B. Carnegy, for the ancient name of the capital of Scotland. 
 
 Laclede — Organized February 24, 1849. Named for Pierre 
 Laclede Liguest, often called Laclede, the founder of St. Louis. 
 The county seat, Lebanon, was named for a town in Tennessee. 
 
 La Fayette — Originally called Lillard, in honor of Hon. James 
 0. Lillard, and organized November 16, 1820. In 1834 the 
 name of the county was changed to La Fayette in honor of the 
 Marquis de la Fayette. The first county seat was at Mount 
 Vernon, on the Missouri, but was removed to Lexington in 1824. 
 
 Lawrence — The first organization of a county called Lawi-ence, 
 in 1818, was never perfected. The present county was created 
 February 25, 1845, and named for the gallant Yankee sea cap- 
 tain, James Lawrence, who said, " Don't give up the ship." 
 Mount Vernon, the county seat, was located the same year. 
 
 Lewis — Organized January 2, 1833. Named for Capt. Mer- 
 ri wether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark expedition, who was 
 Governor of the Territory of Louisiana from 1807 to 1809, and 
 who committed suicide in the latter year in a county in Tennessee 
 now bearing his name, while on his way to Washington. Monti- 
 cello ("Little Mountain"), the county seat, was laid out in 1834, 
 and named for the country seat of Thomas Jefferson. 
 
 Lincoln — Organized December 14, 1818, and named for Gen. 
 Benjamin Lincoln, of the Revolution. Troy (originally called 
 Wood's Fort) became the county seat in 1819. 
 
 Linn — Organized January 7, 1887. Named in honor of Dr. 
 Lewis F. Linn, of Ste. Genevieve, United States senator from 
 1883 to 1848, dying in office during the latter year. The origin 
 of the name of the county seat, Linneus, is uncertain. 
 
 Livingston — Organized January 6, 1837. Named for Hon. 
 Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, secretary of state from 1881 
 to 1833. The county seat, Chillicothe (an Indian name said to 
 signify "the big town where we live"), was located in 1887. 
 
 McDonald — Organized March 8, 1849. Said to have been 
 named for Sergt. McDonald, a South Carolina trooper of the 
 Bevolution. The first county seat was at Rutledge, but was sub- 
 sequently removed to Pineville, which place was originally called 
 Marysville. 
 
 Macon — Organized January 6, 1837. Named for Nathaniel 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 189 
 
 Macon, of North Carolina. The first county seat was called 
 " Box Ancle," afterward Bloomington. It was removed to Macon 
 ' City in 1860. 
 
 Madison — Organized December 14, 1818, and named for 
 President Madison. The first county seat was St. Michael, near 
 the present capital, Fredericktown, which was located in 1821. 
 
 Maries — Organized March 2, 1855, and named for the two 
 streams, Marie and Little Marie. 
 
 Marion — Organized December 23, 1826, and named for Gen. 
 Francis Marion, " The Swamp Fox." Palmyra, which has always 
 been the county seat, was laid off in 1819. 
 
 Mercer — Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of 
 Gen. Hugh Mercer, of the Revolution, and the county seat, 
 Princeton, was so called for the battle in which he lost his life. 
 
 Miller — Organized February 6, 1837. Named for John Mil- 
 ler, a colonel under Harrison in the War of 1812, Governor of 
 Missouri from 1826 to 1832, member of Congress from 1836 to 
 1842, etc. 
 
 Mississippi — Organized February 14, 1845, and named for 
 the Father of Waters. 
 
 Moniteau — Organized February 14, 1845. Named for the 
 stream which flows through the western part, whose name is a 
 corruption of the Indian word Maniton, meaning the Deity. 
 California, the county seat, was laid out in 1845, and originally 
 called Boonsboro. 
 
 Monroe — Organized January 6, 1831, and named in honor of 
 James Monroe. Paris, the county seat, was settled upon in 
 1881, and named for Paris, Ky. 
 
 Montgomery — Organized December 14, 1818, and named 
 for Gen. Richard Montgomery, who fell at the storming of 
 Quebec. The first county seat was at Piuckney, on the Missouri, 
 afterward it was removed to Lewiston, near the center of the 
 county, and finally to Danville, which was laid off in 1834. 
 
 Morgan — Organized January 5, 1833, and named for Gen. 
 Daniel Morgan, who commanded the famous riflemen in the 
 Revolution. The first county seat was at Millville, now extinct, 
 but in 1834 it was removed to Versailles. 
 
 New Madrid — One of the original "districts." Organized 
 
190 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 October 1, 1812. Named for the town (the county seat) which 
 was, properly speaking, founded by Gen. Morgan, of New Jersey, 
 in 1788. 
 
 Neioton — Organized December 31, 1838. Named for Sergt. 
 Newton, the comrade of Jasper, the Revolutionary hero. The 
 name given to the county seat, Neosho, is a corruption of the 
 Osage Indian word, Ne-o-zho. 
 
 Nodaioay — Organized February 14, 1845. Named for the 
 stream flowing through it. The name is a corruption of Ni-di- 
 wah, a Sac and Fox Indian word, meaning " hearsay." (It will 
 be remembered that the original designation of Holt County 
 was Nodaway.) The county seat, Maryville, was laid off in 
 1845, and named for the first resident lady, Mrs. Mary Graham. 
 
 Oregon — Organized February 14, 1845. Named for the 
 territory then under discussion, in connection with which the 
 phrase " 54-40 or fight" was often heard. 
 
 Osage — Organized January 29, 1841, and named for the 
 river which forms the greater portion of its western boundary. 
 The Osage River was named by the French more than 100 years 
 ago fi'om the tribe of Indians upon its banks. The word is a 
 corruption of Oiia-chage, or Ou-chage (whence Wahsatch), and 
 as applied to individual, means "the strong." Linn, the county 
 seat, is named in honor of Senator Lewis F. Linn. 
 
 Ozark — Organized January 29, 1841. In 1843 its name was 
 changed to Decatur, in honor of the famous fighting commodore, 
 Stephen Decatur, but in 1845, its present title was restored. 
 The first county seat was Rockbridge, near the north line ; the 
 present is Gainesville. 
 
 Pemiscot — Organized February 19, 1861. Named for the 
 large bayou within its borders. The word signifies " liquid 
 mud." Gayoso, the county seat, was named for a prominent 
 Spanish ofiicial of the territorial days. 
 
 Perry — Organized November 16, 1820. Named in honor of 
 Commodore Oliver H. Perry, the hero of Lake Erie. Perryville, 
 the county seat, was located in 1821. 
 
 Pettis — Organized January 26, 1833. Named in honor of 
 Hon. Spencer Pettis, of St. Louis, a member of Congress fi'om 
 Missouri in 1828-31, and who was killed in a duel with Maj. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 191 
 
 Thomas Biddle, on Bloody Island, in the latter year. The first 
 county seat was at St. Helena; in 1837 it was removed to George- 
 town ; in 1862 to Sedalia. The last named town was laid out in 
 1859, aud named by its founder, Gen. George E. Smith, for his 
 daughter Sarah, who was familiarly called " Sade " and " Sed." 
 It was first called by Gen. Smith " Sedville," but he afterward 
 gave it the more euphonius title which it now bears. 
 
 Phelps — Organized November 13, 1857. Named for Hon. 
 John S. Phelps, of Greene County, member of Congress from 
 1844 to 1862; Governor from 1877 to 1881, etc. 
 
 Pike — Organized December 14, 1818. Named in honor of 
 Gen. Zebulon Pike, who explored the Upper Mississippi in 1805 ; 
 visited Kansas, Colorado aud New Mexico and other territory in 
 the West in 1806, discovering the mountain which yet bears the 
 name of Pike's Peak, and who was killed at the battle of York, 
 Canada, in April, 1813. Bowling Green was laid out in 1819, 
 and became the county seat in 1824, upon its removal from 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Platte — Organized December 31, 1838, and named indirectly 
 for the Platte Eiver, which flows through it, and from which the 
 Platte Purchase was named. Platte City, the county seat, was 
 originally called Falls of Platte. 
 
 Polk — Organized March 13, 1835. Named in honor of James 
 K. Polk, of Tennessee, who afterward, in 1844, became President. 
 He had numerous admirers among the first settlers, who had 
 known him in Tennessee before their removal to Missouri. 
 
 Pulaski — Organized December 15, 1818. Named in honor 
 of Count Pulaski, who fell at Savannah during the Kevolution. 
 
 Putnam — Organized February 28, 1845, aud named for Gen. 
 Israel Putnam. The first county seat was at Putnamville, after- 
 ward at Winchester, and finally at Harmony, whose present name 
 is Unionville. 
 
 Balls — Organized November 16, 1820. Named in honor of 
 Daniel Halls, a member of the Legislature at that time from Pike 
 County. New London was laid out in 1819. 
 
 Randolph — Organized January 22, 1829, Named for John 
 Randolph, of Roanoke. Huntsville became the county seat in 
 1830, and named for Judge Ezra Hunt. 
 
192 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 Ray — Organized November 16, 1820, and named for Hon. 
 John Ray, a member of the Constitutional Convention from How- 
 ard County. The first county seat was at Blufifton, but in 1828 
 it was removed to Richmond. 
 
 Reynolds — Organized February 25, 1845. Named in honor 
 of Hon. Thomas Reynolds, Governor of Missouri from 1841 to 
 1844, in which latter year he committed suicide at the capital. 
 His name was bestowed upon this county through the efforts of 
 Hon. Pate Buford, his particular fi-iend. 
 
 Ripley — -Organized January 5, 1813, and named in honor of 
 Gen. Ripley, of the War of 1812. Doniphan, the county seat, 
 was named for Gen. A. W. Doniphan, Missouri's renowned hero 
 of the Mexican War. 
 
 St. Charles — One of the original "districts." Organized 
 October 1, 1812. Named for the town, which was named by the 
 French. 
 
 Si. Clair — Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Gen. 
 Arthur St. Clair, of the Revolution. Osceola, named for the 
 noted Seminole chief, became the county seat in 1842. 
 
 Si. i^'roncoi's— Organized December 19, 1821. Named for 
 the river. Farmington, the present county seat, was not laid 
 out until 1856. 
 
 Sic. Genevieve — One of the original "districts." Organized 
 October 1, 1812. Named for the town, which was founded, prac- 
 tically, in 1763, although settled probably in 1785. 
 
 Si. Louis — One of the original "districts." Organized Oc- 
 tober 1, 1812. Named for the town, which in turn was named 
 for King Louis XV of France, having been founded by Pierre 
 Laclede, in 1764. Clayton 'was made the county seat in 1875. 
 
 Saline — Organized November 25, 1820. County seats in 
 their order have been Jefferson, Jonesboro, Arrow Rock and Mar- 
 shall. The county was named for its salt springs. 
 
 Schuyler — -Organized February 14, 1845, and named for Gen. 
 Philip Schuyler of the Revolution. The first county seat was at 
 Tippecanoe; Lancaster, the present capital, was laid out in 1845. 
 
 Scotland — Organized January 29, 1841. Named by Hon. S. 
 W. B. Carnegy, now of Canton, in honor of the land of his ances- 
 tors. He surveyed and named the town of Edinburg in this 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 193 
 
 county, and also the town of Edina, in Knox County. The first 
 courts in Scotland were held at Sand Hill, but in 1843 the county 
 seat was located at Memphis. 
 
 Scott — Organized December 28, 1821. Named for Hon. 
 John Scott, the first congressman from Missouri. The first 
 county seat was at Benton. 
 
 Shannon — Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Hon. 
 George F. Shannon, a jJi'ominent lawyer and politician of the 
 State, who dropped dead in the courthouse at Palmyra, in 
 August, 1886. 
 
 Shelby — Organized January 2, 1885. Named for Gen. Isaac 
 Shelby, who fought at King's Mountain, in the Revolution, and 
 was subsequently Governor of Kentucky. The first county seat 
 was at Oak Dale, but was located at Shelbyville in 1836. 
 
 Stoddard — Organized January 2, 1836. Named for Capt. 
 Amos Stoddard, of Connecticut, who took possession of Missouri 
 in the name of his government after the Louisiana purchase. 
 
 Stone — Organized February 10, 1851, and named for the 
 stony character of its soil. Galena, the county seat, was so 
 named for the presence of that mineral in the vicinity. 
 
 Sullivan — Fully organized February 16, 1848, and named by 
 Hon. E. C. Morelock far his native county in Tennessee. In the 
 preliminary organization, in 1843, the county was named High- 
 land. The first courts were held at the house of A. C. Hill, on 
 the present site of Milan, which became the county seat in 1845. 
 
 Taney — Organized January 6, 1837, and named for Chief 
 Justice Roger B. Taney. Forsyth, the county seat, located in 
 1838, was named for Hon. John Forsyth, of Georgia, who was 
 Secretary of State of the United States from 1834 to 1841. 
 
 Texas — Organized February 14, 1845, and named for the 
 Lone Star State. Houston, the county seat, was named for Gen. 
 Sam Houston, the "hero of San Jacinto." 
 
 Vernon — Organized as at present February 27, 1855. Named 
 for Hon. Miles Vernon, a member of the State Senate from La- 
 clede County, who fought under Gen. Jackson at New Orleans, 
 and who presided over the Senate branch of the "Claib Jackson 
 Legislature," which passed the "Ordinance of Secession," at Ne- 
 osho, October 28, 1861. Nevada, _the county seat, was originally 
 
194 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 called Nevada City, and named by Col. D. C. Hunter for a town 
 in California. 
 
 Warren — Organized January 5, 1833, and named for Gen. 
 Joseph Warren, who fell at Bunker Hill. Warrenton became 
 the county seat in 1835. 
 
 Washington — Organized August 21, 1813, and named for the 
 "Father of His Country." It is claimed that Potosi, the county 
 seat, was first settled in 1765. 
 
 Wayne — Organized December 11, 1818, when it comprised 
 the greater part of the southern one-third of the State. It was 
 formerly called by the sobriquet of "the State of Wayne," and 
 latterly "the Mother of Counties." It was named in honor of 
 Gen. Anthony Wayne, of the Eevolution, the famous " Mad An- 
 thony" of history and legend. Greenrille, the county seat, was 
 laid out in 1818, and named for the scene of Gen. Wayne's treaty. 
 
 Webster — Organized March 3, 1855, and named for Daniel 
 Webster. The county seat, Marshfield, was named for Webster's 
 country seat. 
 
 Worth — Organized February 8, 1861, and named in honor of 
 Gen. William , Worth, one of the prominent American command- 
 ers in the Mexican War. Grant City was laid ofE in 1864, and 
 named for Gen. Grant. 
 
 Wright — Organized Jauuary 29, 1841, and named in honor 
 of Hon. Silas Wright of New York, a leading Democratic states- 
 man of that period. Hartville was named for the owner of the 
 site. 
 
 There have been attempts at the creation of other counties 
 fi-om time to time. Dodge County, named for Gen . Henry Dodge, 
 was organized in 1851, with a county seat at St. John, but in 
 1853 it was disorganized and its territory included within the 
 limits of Putnam, of which county it had formed the western 
 part. The organization of Donaldson, Merrimac, and perhaps 
 two or three other counties, was never perfected. 
 
HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 195 
 
 POPULATION OF MISSOURI BY COUNTIES. 
 
 The annexed table shows the population of the State by the counties in ex- 
 istence at the several periods mentioned. The population of the Territory in 
 1810 was 30,845. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 1821. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 I860. 
 
 I860. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Adair 
 
 
 
 
 3,342 
 9,433 
 
 1,648 
 8,506 
 3,467 
 
 8,531 
 
 11,850 
 4,649 
 8,075 
 7,995 
 1,817 
 7,215 
 9,073 
 7,871 
 
 19,486 
 
 38,861 
 2,891 
 5,084 
 
 17,049 
 4,975 
 
 15,547 
 9,763 
 1,235 
 9,794 
 6,637 
 
 12,562 
 5,491 
 
 11,684 
 
 13,038 
 7,748 
 9,697 
 
 17,856 
 5,828 
 7,072 
 5,892 
 9,606 
 5,224 
 5,654 
 2.414 
 5,026 
 
 18,035 
 8,727 
 
 11.980 
 
 18,186 
 7,887 
 
 10,626 
 9,866 
 4,705 
 6,550 
 
 15,946 
 3,169 
 5,843 
 
 23,896 
 6,888 
 
 10,844 
 
 14,644 
 
 11,449 
 
 15,137 
 
 8,440 
 
 12,307 
 
 10,373 
 
 5,087 
 
 15,960 
 
 11,333 
 
 8,163 
 
 20,765 
 
 35,109 
 
 4,298 
 
 11,390 
 
 19,202 
 
 6,108 
 
 17.558 
 
 17,445 
 
 1,455 
 
 19,396 
 
 9,474 
 
 19,135 
 
 6,707 
 
 13,667 
 
 15,564 
 
 14.063 
 
 10.293 
 
 20.692 
 
 7.982 
 
 8.683 
 
 8,888 
 
 14,410 
 
 9.858 
 
 6.357 
 
 3.915 
 
 5,982 
 
 28,098 
 
 11,093 
 
 11,607 
 
 21,549 
 
 10, .567 
 
 14,635 
 
 17,401 
 
 6,452 
 
 11,6.52 
 
 17,233 
 
 4,318 
 
 6,378 
 
 55,041 
 
 14,938 
 
 15,380 
 
 34,648 
 
 15 190 
 
 Andrew 
 
 
 
 
 16 818 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 556 
 
 Audrain 
 
 
 
 1,949 
 4,795 
 
 19 732 
 
 Barry 
 
 
 
 14' 405 
 
 Barton 
 
 
 
 10 3.32 
 
 Bates 
 
 
 
 
 8,669 
 5,015 
 
 25381 
 
 Benton 
 
 
 
 4,205 
 
 13 396 
 
 Bollinger 
 
 
 
 11 130 
 
 Boone 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 3,693 
 
 8,859 
 
 18,561 
 6,337 
 
 14,979 
 13,975 
 
 1,616 
 
 3,316 
 18,827 
 
 2,338 
 13,912 
 
 5,441 
 
 35;422 
 49 793 
 
 Butler 
 
 
 
 6 011 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 
 
 1,458 
 11,765 
 
 13,646 
 
 Callawav 
 
 1,797 
 
 6,102 
 
 23,670 
 7 266 
 
 
 Cape Girardeau . . . 
 Carroll 
 
 7,852 
 
 7,430 
 
 9,359 
 2,438 
 
 20,998 
 23 274 
 
 Carter 
 
 
 
 2 168 
 
 Cass 
 
 
 
 4,693 
 
 6,090 
 3,361 
 
 7,514 
 
 22 481 
 
 Cedar 
 
 
 
 10 741 
 
 Chariton 
 
 1,426 
 
 1,776 
 
 4,746 
 
 25 334 
 
 Christian 
 
 9 628 
 
 Clark 
 
 
 
 3,846 
 8,283 
 2,724 
 9,286 
 10,484 
 3,561 
 
 5,527 
 10,882 
 3,786 
 6,696 
 12,950 
 6,397 
 4,246 
 3,648 
 5,298 
 2,075 
 
 15 031 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 5,843 
 
 15 .573 
 
 Clinton 
 
 
 16 073 
 
 Cole 
 
 Cooner 
 
 1,038 
 3,488 
 
 3,006 
 6,910 
 1,709 
 
 15^515 
 31 596 
 
 
 10,756 
 
 Dade 
 
 
 13,557 
 
 Dallas 
 
 
 
 
 9,303 
 
 
 
 
 2,736 
 
 19,145 
 
 De Kalb 
 
 
 
 13,884 
 
 Dent 
 
 
 
 
 10,646 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,753 
 
 Dunklin 
 
 
 
 
 1,330 
 
 11,031 
 
 4,996 
 
 4,248 
 
 12,785 
 
 3,006 
 
 2,447 
 
 4,053 
 
 2,329 
 
 3,957 
 
 13,969 
 
 9.604 
 
 Franklin 
 
 1.938 
 1,174 
 
 3,431 
 
 1,548 
 
 7,5i5 
 5,330 
 
 36,534 
 
 Gasconade 
 
 Gentry 
 
 11,153 
 
 17,176 
 
 Greene 
 
 
 
 5,372 
 
 28 801 
 
 Grundy 
 
 
 
 15.185 
 
 
 
 
 
 2(1,304 
 
 
 
 
 4,726 
 
 23,906 
 
 
 
 
 7,887 
 
 Holt 
 
 
 
 
 15.509 
 
 
 7,821 
 
 10,314 
 
 18,108 
 
 18,428 
 
 Howell 
 
 8,814 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,183 
 
 Jackson 
 
 
 2,832 
 
 7,612 
 
 14,000 
 4,223 
 6,928 
 7,467 
 
 83,325 
 
 
 
 32.019 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 1,888 
 
 3,586 
 
 4,396 
 4,471 
 
 18,786 
 
 
 28,172 
 
 
 
 
 
196 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 POPULATION OF MISSOURI BY COUNTIES.— Con^t/ivcrf. 
 
 ConSTiBS. 
 
 1821. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3850. 
 
 I860. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Knox 
 
 
 
 
 2,894 
 2,498 
 13,690 
 4.859 
 6.578 
 9,421 
 4,058 
 4.247 
 2,236 
 6,56? 
 6,003 
 
 8.727 
 5,182 
 
 20,098 
 8,846 
 
 12,286 
 
 14,210 
 9,112 
 7,417 
 4,038 
 
 14,346 
 5,664 
 4,901 
 
 18,838 
 9,800 
 6.812 
 4,859 
 
 10,124 
 
 14,785 
 9,718 
 8,203 
 5,654 
 9.319 
 5,352 
 3,009 
 7,879 
 2,447 
 2,962 
 9,128 
 9,892 
 5,714 
 
 18,417 
 
 18.3.50 
 9,995 
 3,835 
 9,207 
 8,592 
 
 11,407 
 
 14,092 
 3,173 
 3,747 
 
 16,523 
 
 6,812 
 
 4.349 
 
 8,029 
 
 190,524 
 
 14.699 
 6.097 
 8.873 
 5.247 
 2,284 
 7,301 
 7,877 
 2.400 
 9,198 
 3.576 
 6,067 
 
 10,974 
 
 9,380 
 
 22,628 
 
 13,067 
 
 15,114 
 
 15,960 
 
 15,900 
 
 16,730 
 
 5,226 
 
 23,230 
 
 5,849 
 
 5,916 
 
 23,780 
 
 11,557 
 
 6,616 
 
 4,982 
 
 11,375 
 
 17,149 
 
 10,405 
 
 8,434 
 
 6,357 
 
 12,821 
 
 14,751 
 
 3,287 
 
 10,793 
 
 3,363 
 
 2,059 
 
 9,877 
 
 18,706 
 
 10,506 
 
 28,077 
 
 17,352 
 
 12,445 
 
 4,714 
 
 11,317 
 
 10,510 
 
 15,908 
 
 18,700 
 
 3,756 
 
 3,175 
 
 21.304 
 
 6.747 
 
 9.742 
 
 8.384 
 
 351,189 
 
 21,672 
 
 8,820 
 
 10.670 
 
 7,317 
 
 2,339 
 
 10,119 
 
 8,535 
 
 3,258 
 
 11,907 
 
 4,407 
 
 9,618 
 
 13 047 
 
 Laclede 
 
 
 
 
 11 534 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 1,840 
 
 2,921 
 
 6,815 
 
 25,710 
 17 583 
 
 
 
 
 6,040 
 7.449 
 2,245 
 4,325 
 
 15,935 
 17 426 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 1,674 
 
 4,060 
 
 
 20,016 
 20 196 
 
 Livingston 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,816 
 26 222 
 
 Macon 
 
 
 
 6,034 
 8,395 
 
 Madison 
 
 
 2,871 
 
 8,876 
 
 Maries 
 
 
 7 304 
 
 
 1,907 
 
 4,839 
 
 9,623 
 
 12,230 
 2,691 
 3,834 
 3,123 
 6,004 
 
 10,541 
 5,486 
 4,6.50 
 5,541 
 4,268 
 2,118 
 1,432 
 6,704 
 2,394 
 
 24,837 
 
 
 14,673 
 
 Miller 
 
 
 
 2,282 
 
 9,805 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 
 
 9,270 
 
 Moniteau 
 
 
 
 
 14 346 
 
 Monroe 
 
 
 3.966 
 
 9,505 
 4,371 
 4,407 
 4,554 
 8,790 
 
 19 071 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Morgan 
 
 2,032 
 
 16,249 
 10.182 
 
 New Madrid 
 
 Newton . . . 
 
 2,445 
 
 2,351 
 
 7,694 
 18,947 
 29 544 
 
 
 
 
 Oregon 
 
 
 
 
 5,721 
 
 
 
 
 
 11,824 
 
 Ozark 
 
 
 
 
 5,618 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,299 
 
 Ferry 
 
 1,599 
 
 8,871 
 
 5,760 
 3,980 
 
 7,215 
 5,150 
 
 11.895 
 
 Pettis 
 
 27.271 
 
 Phelps 
 
 
 
 12.568 
 
 Pike 
 
 2,677 
 
 6,122 
 
 10,646 
 
 - 8,913 
 
 8,449 
 
 6,539 
 
 13.609 
 
 16,845 
 6,186 
 8,998 
 1,657 
 6,151 
 9.439 
 
 10,358 
 1,849 
 2,830 
 
 11,454 
 3,556 
 4.964 
 5,313 
 104,978 
 8,843 
 3,287 
 3,783 
 3,182 
 1,199 
 4,353 
 4,277 
 
 26.715 
 
 Platte 
 
 17,366 
 
 Polk 
 
 
 
 15,734 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 
 
 7,2.50 
 
 Putnam 
 
 
 
 18,555 
 
 Ralls 
 
 1,684 
 
 4,346 
 2,942 
 2,658 
 
 5,670 
 7,198 
 6,058 
 
 11,838 
 
 
 22,7.51 
 
 Ray 
 
 1,789 
 
 20,190 
 
 
 5,722 
 
 Ripley 
 
 
 
 2,856 
 7,911 
 
 5,377 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 4,058 
 
 4,822 
 
 23,065 
 14,135 
 
 St. Francois 
 
 
 2.386 
 
 2.000 
 
 14,909 
 
 2,182 
 
 3.211 
 
 8,148 
 
 85,975 
 
 5,258 
 
 13,832 
 
 Ste. Genevieve 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 3,181 
 8,190 
 1,176 
 
 10.390 
 883,406 
 
 Saline 
 
 29,911 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 10,470 
 
 Scotland 
 
 
 
 
 12.508 
 
 Scott 
 
 
 2,136 
 
 5,974 
 
 8..587 
 
 Shannon 
 
 
 3,441 
 
 Shelby 
 
 
 
 3,056 
 8,153 
 
 14.024 
 
 Stoddard 
 
 
 
 13.431 
 
 Stone 
 
 
 
 4.404 
 
 Sullivan . . . 
 
 
 
 
 2,983 
 4.373 
 3,313 
 
 16.569 
 
 Taney 
 
 
 
 3,264 
 
 5.599 
 
 Texas 
 
 
 
 13.306 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HISTOKT OF MISSOUKI. 
 
 197 
 
 POPULATION OF MISSOURI BY COVl^TmS.— Concluded. 
 
 COUNTIBS. 
 
 1821. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 1850. 
 
 1860. 
 
 18T0. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Vernon 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,850 
 8,339 
 9,723 
 5,629 
 7,099 
 
 11,247 
 9,637 
 
 11,719 
 6,068 
 
 10,434 
 5,004 
 5,684 
 
 19,369 
 10,806 
 12,896 
 9,096 
 12 175 
 
 Warren 
 
 
 
 4,353 
 7,213 
 3,403 
 
 5,860 
 8,811 
 5,518 
 
 Washington 
 
 Wayne 
 
 3,741 
 1,614 
 
 6,779 
 3,254 
 
 Webster 
 
 Worth 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,203 
 9 713 
 
 Wright 
 
 
 
 
 3,387 
 
 4,508 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 70,647 
 
 140,304 
 
 383,702 
 
 682,043 
 
 1,182,013 
 
 1,721,395 
 
 2,168,380 
 
 CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 
 The following table shows the population of cities and towns in the State 
 with a population of 4,000 and upward in 1880, compared with the census 
 of 1870: 
 
 Towss. 
 
 Carthage 
 
 Chillicothe . . . 
 
 Hannibal 
 
 Jefferson City. 
 
 Joplin 
 
 Kansas City... 
 Louisiana 
 
 1870. 
 
 3,978 
 
 10,125 
 
 4,420 
 
 33,260 
 3,630 
 
 1880. 
 
 4,167 
 4,078 
 
 11,074 
 5,371 
 7,038 
 
 55,785 
 4,325 
 
 Towns. 
 
 Moberly 
 
 St. Charles. . . 
 St. Joseph. . . 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Sedalia 
 
 Springfield. . . 
 Warrensburg, 
 
 1870. 
 
 1,514 
 5,570 
 19,565 
 310,864 
 4,560 
 5,555 
 2,945 
 
 1880. 
 
 6,070 
 5,014 
 32,431 
 350,518 
 9,561 
 6,532 
 4.040 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 Such, in brief, is the History of Missouri, one of the foremost 
 of the States of the Union in everything that goes to make up 
 our Commonwealth. While there may be spots and flaws in the 
 early records of its pioneer settlers, yet with them all this early 
 and later history is one that must stir the blood and quicken the 
 pulse of him who reads. Its institutions of civil and religious 
 freedom, guaranteeing the rights of citizenship, education and 
 worship, extending the blessings of beneficent law silently and 
 extensively as the atmosphere about us, demand our love. Then, 
 too, it is a State of innumerable and as yet undeveloped resources. 
 Its soil yields almost an infinite variety of production. Within 
 its bosom lie hid many minerals, and its forests are rich in ex- 
 
198 HISTORY OF MISSOUBI. 
 
 ■I 
 
 haustless stores o£ timber, while its prairies are made to " bud 
 and blossom like the rose." It is a State of the free school, the 
 free press and the free pulpit, a trio the power of which it is im- 
 possible to compute. The free schools, open to rich and poor, 
 bind together the people in educational bonds and in the common 
 memories of the recitation-room and the play grounds. The free 
 press may not always be altogether as dignified or elevated as the 
 more highly cultivated may desire, but it is ever open to the com- 
 plaints of the people; is ever watchful of popular rights and jeal- 
 ous of class encroachments. The free pulpit, sustained not by 
 legally exacted tithes wrung from an unwilling people, but by 
 the free-will offerings of loving supporters, gathers about it the 
 thousands, inculcates the highest morality, points to brighter 
 worlds, and when occasion demands will not be silent before po- 
 litical wrongs. Its power simply as an educating agency can 
 scarcely be estimated. These three grand agencies are not rival 
 but supplementary, each doing an essential work in public cult- 
 ure. 
 
 Above all this is a State of homes. Here there is no system 
 of vast land-ownerships, with lettings and sub-lettings, but, on 
 the contrary, the abundance and cheapness of land gives a large 
 proportion of the population proprietary interests. To all this, 
 add the freedom of elective franchise which invests the humblest 
 citizen with the functions of sovereignty, and is there not reason 
 for loving such a State? 
 
 The Missouri of to-day is not the Missouri of a decade ago. A 
 dark period followed the close of that bitter internecine strife, so 
 fatal to this locality, but notwithstanding all this, prosperity and 
 progress beyond former precedents are now her portion. The 
 area of land under cultivation is greater than ever before, and 
 the census of 1890 will exhibit an astounding increase in every 
 department of material industry and advancement; in a great in- 
 crease of agricultural and mechanical wealth; in new and im- 
 proved modes for production of every kind, in the universal 
 activity of business in all its branches; in the rapid growth of 
 cities and villages; in bountiful harvests, and in uiiexampled 
 material prosperity prevailing on every hand. Colleges and 
 schools of every class and grade are in the most flourishing con- 
 
HISTOBY OF MISSOURI. 
 
 199 
 
 dition; benevolent institutions, State and private, are well main- 
 tained, and, as one has aptly said, " In a word our prosperity is 
 as complete and ample as though no tread of armies or beat o£ 
 drum had been heard in our borders." Surely these are not the 
 ordinary indices of exhaustion! As to resources- for the future 
 struggle, the resources of the State will meet each legitimate call. 
 Guiding all these is the intelligent jDurpose of a people whose 
 ambition, laudable indeed, is to make Missouri in reputation 
 what she is in reality — one of the very richest States of the Union. 
 
PART II. 
 
 HISTORY OF ha: 
 
 V 
 
 COUIiTY. 
 
'! 
 
History of Harrison County. 
 
 TOPOGEAPHY.* 
 
 HARRISON COUNTY is a little more than 30 miles long, north 
 and south, and 24 miles across east and west; it contains some- 
 thing over 720 square miles or sections of land, or about 2(54,000 acres. 
 It is centrally located in the celebrated Grand River country, joins 
 Iowa on the north, and is the foiu'th county east from the Missouri 
 River. 
 
 Timber. — Originally about three -fom-ths of the land of this county 
 was prairie and one-fourth timber. The timber was mostly situated 
 along the numerous streams of water. The principal kinds of native 
 timber are white oak, black oak, burr oak, hickory, walnut, eottonwood, 
 elm, ash, linn, maple, sycamore, buckeye and locust. Perhaps over half 
 the timber was oak, and much the greatest part of the oak was of the 
 burr oak variety. The trees were generally not very tall except along 
 the larger streams, where many trees were over 100 feet high. 
 
 Burr oak was the most valuable timber for general purposes, as from 
 it most of the rails, posts, and framing timber were made; it is more 
 lasting especially when connected with the ground than almost any 
 other of the native timber, and it was very good for fuel. Whilst it 
 did not grow very tall, yet nearly every tree would make one or two 
 rail cuts, and the remainder of the tree would make excellent firewood. 
 
 In some localities there was considerable hickory timber. It was 
 good for fuel, but most varieties would not last well in rails, or when 
 exposed to the weather. Recently it has been and is highly prized for 
 making farm implements, wagons and buggies, as when painted it lasts 
 well. Originally there was considerable walnut timber in the county, 
 but from 1870 until 1885, nearly all that was large enough for use was 
 
 • Conlributed by D. J, Heaston. 
 
204 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 cut and shipped out of the country to be used in Eastern manufactories. 
 The other varieties of timber were very limited, and generally not of 
 much value. There has always been and still is sufficient timber in 
 this county for fuel, fencing and most building purposes. 
 
 Streams. — The streams of water nearly all flow in a southerly di- 
 rection, the rainfall and springs generally finding an outlet to the Mis- 
 souri River. The Middle Fork, or what is usually called Thompson' s 
 Fork of Grand River, rises some 40 or 50 miles in Iowa, and enters this 
 county near the northeast corner, and runs in a southerly com-se 
 through the east part of the county over 20 miles in a direct line, but 
 a much greater distance by the meanderings of the stream. 
 
 East of Grand River is a large scope of excellent timber, many 
 places miles in width, but most of this timber is in Mercer County, 
 as the river is so near the county line. West of the river almost the 
 entire distance through the county is a nearly level prairie, generally 
 known as the "Grand River Bottom," a narrow fringe of timber 
 occiu-ring along the immediate bank of the river and at the foot of the 
 bluffs west *f the "bottom." This bottom varies in width from a 
 half mile to two miles; a portion of it is subject to overflow occasion- 
 ally when the river is veiy high. This prairie bottom in many places 
 is lower back a distance fi-om the river than it is along the immediate 
 river bank, indicating that the banks forming the channel of the river 
 have been raised and built up gradually by deposit of dirt and debi-is 
 from the rises and overflows. For many years after the first settling 
 of the county there were no improvements made on these bottoms, as 
 it was generally considered that it was too wet for cultivation, or the 
 danger of overflow which occurred every few years was too great to risk 
 fencing and loss of crop, but recently nearly all this bottom has been 
 fenced and put in cultivation, and the deep black soil has proven it 
 the best corn producing portion of the county, and richly repaying for 
 all the labor bestowed upon its improvement. The principal streams 
 that run into Grand River on the west side in Harrison County are 
 Indian Creek, Brush Creek, Hickory Creek, Panther Creek, Trail 
 Creek, Cat Creek. Fox Creek, Sugar Creek and Tombstone. Nearly all 
 these streams flow in a southeasterly direction into Grand River. It 
 is estimated that Grand River and its tributaries drain about one-third 
 of the area of the county. Grand River is a slow flowing or sluggish 
 stream, its bottom and banks being mostly clay, black loam or sandy. 
 The immediate banks of the river are generally from ten to twenty feet 
 high, and so steep as to render the crossing difficult without improve- 
 ment. Dui-ing low water the river can be forded pt many places, but it 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 205 
 
 is often too full to be easily forded. After the first settling of the county 
 ferries were maintained at several places on the river, but these have 
 been superseded by bridges. 
 
 Big Creek rises in Iowa about twenty or thirty miles from the 
 Missouri line, and enters Harrison County on the north line some 
 two or three miles west of the center, and flows through the county in 
 a southerly direction, passing all the way through the county in and 
 near the center of Range 28. East Big Creek also starts in Iowa, and 
 flows into Harrison County a few miles east of the center, and runs in 
 a southerly direction bearing west, forming a junction with West or 
 Main Big Creek, three- fourths of a mile west of Bethany. The main 
 tributaries to Big Creek are Little Creek, Shain Creek, Polecat, Crab 
 Apple and Long Tom. It is estimated that Big Creek and its tribu- 
 taries drain about one-half of the area of the county. Big Creek 
 empties into West Grand River near Pattonsburg, a few miles south 
 of Harrison County. 
 
 About one-sixth of the west part of the county is drained by 
 small streams that flow in a south or westerly direction, and empty 
 into West Grand River. The principal of these streams are Lot's 
 Creek, Muddy Creek, Panther Creek, Sampson and White Oak. 
 Thus it will be seen that the streams of the county all run in a south- 
 erly direction, or the surplus water is drained toward the south, from 
 which it is easily perceived that the general sui'face of the country 
 faces toward the south, the better to receive the warm rays of the sun. 
 
 Prairie. — As already stated, about three-fourths of the area of the 
 county was originally prairie, the timber being principally located along 
 the water courses and in the valleys. It is supposed the reason that 
 timber was mostly confined to the streams or low lands was because 
 the fires that burned over the prairies were checked and stopped by 
 them, thereby saving the young timber and giving it a chance to 
 grow. It is stated that, sometimes, the tall luxuriant grass would 
 accumulate two or three years upon the prairie without being burned 
 off, then in some dry time, perhaps a windy day, fire would break out 
 and sweep rapidly over the country, consuming everything in its 
 course, only being stopped by some stream or want of inflammable 
 material. In the course of time, the timber being saved along the 
 streams would kill out or prevent the growth of prairie grass under 
 the shaded and sheltered ground, and thus make the timber the 
 more eecure from prairie fires. It is thus the early settlers account 
 for the fact that the upland was principally prairie. 
 
 In the eastern part of the county, between Grand River and Big 
 
206 HISTOKY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Creek, is a large and nearly level prairie. It is high, dry, rich, and 
 very productive. This beautiful prairie extends from the south part 
 of the county nearly to the Iowa line. The western jaart of the 
 county is more broken and rolling, and the soil generally is not so 
 good, but there is some beautiful and productive prairie in the west- 
 ern part of the county. The surface soil is mostly a good black loam, 
 from one to five feet deep. Upon the prairies under this loam is gen- 
 erally found a hard pan, several feet in thickness, nearly impervious 
 to water. It prevents the soil suffering greatly from drouth. The 
 farmers also take advantage of this quality of the soil by constructing 
 pools at convenient places, thereby constantly keeping ready for use 
 bountiful supplies of water for stock. In the timber land the loam 
 is usually not so deep as on the prairies, and is underlaid by yeUow 
 clay of good quality for making brick and tiling. 
 
 Stone, Coal and Mineral Water. — The principal stone is of the 
 limestone variety. Along Big Creek and Polecat Creek stone of 
 excellent quality for building purposes is found in great abun- 
 dance. Recently a fine quality of stone was found near Bethany, which 
 is capable 'of receiving a beautiful polish. If it is found to be as 
 extensive as is usually supposed, it will add quite a factor to the 
 wealth of the county. The jail building was erected in 1863 of 
 stone procured from a quarry on Polecat Creek, about two miles 
 southeast of Bethany. There stone can be procured in almost any 
 desired size in inexhaustible quantities. They are easily dressed, 
 and stand exposure. The jail was erected of stone dressed so as to 
 weigh from one to two tons. They have been in the building twenty- 
 five years, and yet show no signs of crumbling, decay or discoloring 
 from the changes or inclemencies of the weather. Sand of excellent 
 quality for plastering and cement is found in abundance in numerous 
 places in the county. Good water is found at nearly all parts of the 
 county at the depth of from ten to thirty feet. 
 
 The soil is well adapted for raising corn, oats, rye. wheat, clover, 
 timothy, blue-grass, potatoes, turnips, and nearly all kinds of garden 
 products. From the first settlement of the county corn has been con- 
 sidered the main crop. When the corn crop is good, the farmers pros- 
 per and are happy, but when the crop is light, times are hard and 
 business generally dull. On the best farms, with favorable seasons 
 and good cultivation, corn frequently yields one hundi'ed bushels to 
 the acre, but usually about fifty bushels per acre is considered an 
 average crop. 
 
 Oats and rye are also considered sure crops, and yield from 
 
STATE OF MISSOCKI. 207 
 
 twenty-five to forty bushels per acre. Wheat is not so sure a crop 
 on all kinds of soil. It is usually considered a safer crop from fall 
 sowing on good bottom or timber land. Under favorable circum- 
 stances it yields fi-om twenty to thirty bushels per acre. Timothy 
 yields from one to two tons per acre, and when clover is mixed with 
 it, the yield is immense, and the crop sure. Blue-grass appears to 
 be well adapted to the soil, and has spread over almost all the county. 
 
 This is a fine county for stock raising, and the best farmers now 
 urge that there is more money made here with less exertion by raising 
 grass and cattle than any other way of farming. It is readOy per- 
 ceived that grass is easier to raise and take care of than corn or any 
 other kind of crop, and at the same time is easier upon the soil. 
 
 The geological reports represent Harrison County as being in 
 the coal belt. Coal crops out on the farm of Mr. Gray near Trail 
 Creek, and several hundred bushels of coal of a fair quality have been 
 dug out; the vein is only about eight inches thick, and soon runs back 
 so deep vinder the surface as to render its mining unprofitable. Signs 
 of coal have also been discovered in other parts of the county. Sev- 
 eral individual efforts have been made to find coal, but no systematic 
 effort was made until 1885. 
 
 In the spring of that year the enterprising citizens of Bethany 
 and vicinity made a contract with the Diamond Drill Company, of 
 Chicago, to bore for coal in the vicinity of the town. The Drill Com- 
 pany was to sink a hole at least 500 feet deep, unless coal in satis- 
 factory quantity was sooner discovered. The hole was to be three 
 inches in diameter and a core was to be taken out and preserved one 
 and one-fourth inches in diameter. The boring was done in the bottom 
 on the east bank of Big Creek, about one mile west of Bethany, at the 
 place where the present mineral spring is. The following is the record 
 of the boring kept at the time: 
 
 Thickness, Depth, 
 No. Character. eet. feet. 
 
 1 Earth and clay 45 
 
 2 Hard gray limestone. 11 56 
 
 3 Dark slate 8 64 
 
 4 Limestone 13 76 
 
 5 Darkslate 5 81 
 
 6 Gray limestone 17 98 
 
 7 Sand shale 81 179 
 
 8 Limestone 5 184 
 
 9 Soapstone 4 188 
 
 10 Sandshale 32 220 
 
 11 Slateshale 18 238 
 
 13 Black slate 1 239 
 
208 HISTORY OF HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 Thickness, Depth, 
 No. Character. feet. feet. 
 
 —13 Coal 9inches 240 
 
 14 Gray slate 14 254 
 
 15 Limestone 3 257 
 
 15 Gra}- slale 4 261 
 
 —16 Coal ... 4 inches .. 
 
 17 Dark gray slate 15 276 
 
 18 Limestone 5 281 
 
 19 Slate 4 285 
 
 20 Fireclay : 10 295 
 
 31 Limestone ,16 311 
 
 22 Slate 30 341 
 
 — 23 Coal 1 inch 
 
 24 Slate 29 370 
 
 —25 Coal 15 inches . . 
 
 26 Slate 32 403 
 
 27 Sandshale 11 414 
 
 28 Slate 27 441 
 
 29 Sandshale 9 450 
 
 30 Black slate 11 461 
 
 31 Blue clay 3 464 
 
 32 Gray slate 3 467 
 
 33 Sandshale 3 470 
 
 34 Slate (mixed) 64 534 
 
 35 Dark sandstone 2 536 
 
 36 Black slate 16 552 
 
 —37 Coal 7 inches .. 
 
 38 Clay 2 554 
 
 39 Slate (mixed) 20 574 
 
 40 Sandshale 62 636 
 
 41 Boulder 8 644 
 
 43 Sandshale 10 654 
 
 Fromtbis it -will be observed that in going to the depth of 654 feet 
 five small veius of coal were passed through, the thickest being only 
 fifteen inches, and that at a depth of 370 feet. It was thought this * ' 
 
 vein was too light and at too great a depth to pay for opening and 
 working. 
 
 It will be seen, too, that at the depth reached the same coal confor- 
 mation still continued, and it is claimed that as long as the slate and 
 shale continues there is still hope of finding coal. 
 
 Some believe that coal exists here in sufficient quantity to pay for 
 opening and developing mines. It might be that at other points the 
 veins would be much thicker. 
 
 In boring for coal near Bethany as above stated, at the depth of 
 about 200 feet a vein of water was struck which has continued to flow 
 ever since. Upon examination this water was found to contain some 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 209 
 
 valuable mineral properties. No analysis of it lias yet been made 
 by a competent chemist, but those who have been using it for diseases 
 are unanimous in their verdict that it is a mineral water of very excel- 
 lent qualities. A gas pipe has been sunk through the loam and clay 
 about forty-five feet to the point where rock was struck, and in this 
 manner an opening has been preserved to secure the continual flow of 
 the water. The flow of water has continued about the same as when 
 first discovered, being about five gallons per minute. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 In writing the history of the early settlement of Harrison County 
 we have to rely very much upon the statements made to us by the 
 oldest inhabitant and other old citizens. There was no newspaper 
 published in the county until the year 1859. Since that time the files 
 of the papers have been examined so as to get correct dates and full 
 and reliable reports of the matters herein written. In preparing this 
 article, we are under many obligations to Elder J. S. Allen and Col. 
 D. J. Heaston, each of whom has heretofore written valuable articles 
 upon the early settlement and history of the county from which, with 
 their kind consent, we have drawn very largely. 
 
 As a general rule, all new countries are settled by poor, but hardy 
 pioneers; men who desire homes for themselves and families, and are 
 too poor to obtain them in the older States, strike out for the western 
 border, where lands are wild and unoccupied, determined to face the 
 dangers and inconveniences of the new country, in order to have a 
 little farm they can call their own. The early settlers of Harrison 
 County were of this class; poor, but honest yeomanry, brave, industri- 
 ous and generous. A new country is generally a poor place for a lazy 
 man, a dude, or a thief. 
 
 Prior to the first settlement of the county it was traversed occa- 
 sionally by the hunter, the trapper and the bee hunter. They had 
 given names to many of the creeks and groves. It is reported that 
 some bee hunters camped for a few days on the creek a few miles 
 southeast of Bethany, and from the number of skunks they found 
 there they called the creek Polecat, by which significant name it is 
 known even unto this day. Big Creek was named by early settlers 
 near where it empties into Grand River. Shain Creek was named 
 after Thomas Shain, one of the first settlers upon its banks. 
 
 The time or place of the first settlement of the county is not defi- 
 nitely known. Joseph Arnold, who is accredited with being one of 
 the first settlers of the county, still lives a few miles south of Bethany. 
 
210 HISTORY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 He says his father and Levi Hunt settled in this county in the spring 
 of 1838. They stopped on the west Isank of Big Creek, about five 
 miles south of Bethany. When they came they found John Fields 
 living on the east bank of Big Creek a little lower down; he had a lit- 
 tle log hut and a small field enclosed and in cultivation, and had ap- 
 parently settled there the year before. William Mitchell, Jacob 
 Mitchell and others settled on Sugar Creek in the southeast part of 
 the county, in the year 1838. During the years 1838 and 1839 several 
 families settled in the county at different points, and the neighborhoods 
 were generally known by the names of some of the more prominent of 
 the first settlers. They had the names of Dunkerson's Grove, Tay 
 lor' s Grove, Harris' Hill, Foster' s Farm, Allen' s Big Spring and other 
 similar designations, by which diflPerent points were as well known 
 then as they are now by the different towns and villages. 
 
 Efforts were made to obtain the names of the principal actual set- 
 tlers prior to 1850, and to arrange them by neighborhoods, bvit 
 it was found to be almost impossible, and accordingly they are here 
 given alphabetically. These names have been taken froni the public 
 records, and interviews with some of the remaining pioneers. 
 
 John S. Allen, Stephen C. Allen, William R. Allen, Able W. 
 Allen, Josiah Allen, Thomas Allen, William Allen, Samuel Alley, 
 Sampson Alley, Benjamin Ashby, John J. Arnold, Joseph Arnold, 
 Thomas Arnold, Benjamin Archer, William C. Atkinson, C. B. 
 Adkins, Calaway Allen, David Buck, Henderson Buck, Bethuel Buck, 
 John W. Brown, James Brown, John A. Brown, Asoph Butler, John 
 Bedford, Jacob A. Brown, Thomas Brown, William S. Brown, Will- 
 iam E. Burris, Aaron Bales, John Brooks, James Blakely, Jonathan 
 Booth, Robert Bullington, Howell Blaketer, Benjamin S. Burns, Noah 
 Bender, Jonathan Bender, William H. Bender, Daniel Bartlett, 
 Joseph Bartlett, Wilburn Blankenship, Simjason W. Burgin, Dennis 
 Burgin, Boon Ballard, S. Burson, Christopher Blessing, James 
 Brady, Isaac Brady, Alexander C. Brady, E. J. Bondurant, Isaac 
 Brown, B. A. Brown, Aaron Bridges, Allen Bridges, James Bridges, 
 Adam Brown, E. T. Baldwin, Ed Baldwin, William Ballew, Elisha 
 W. Banton, E. H. Brady, James G. Broughton, James B. Bell, Will- 
 iam Barbee, Austin Bryant, Stephen Bryant, John Conduit, William 
 Chambers, L. W. H. Cox, A. M. Cos, Fleming Oox, John W. Casebolt, 
 Harrison Casebolt, Dennis Clancey, Lewis Charlton, Arthur Charlton, 
 John Charlton, JohnY. Creswell, AVilliam Clopton, William Cumming, 
 Luther T. Collier, Lott Cain, William Crawford, W. W. Collins, 
 John Cutshall, Eli Clevinger, D. C. Courter, Sara Courter, James 
 
STATE OF MISSODBI. 211 
 
 Case, "William Canady, John Q. Chambers, Luther Collins, Thomas 
 M. Carnes, Thomas Dunkerson, James A. Dale, A. E Dale, W. E. 
 Dodd, Willis Dickinson, Philip Davis, John Duley, Pleasant Daniel, 
 John Daniel, Thomas Daniel, Alfi-ed Daniel, John Dorney, George 
 Davis, Willis Daniel, John P. Devers, Willis Dickinson, Samuel 
 Edmiston, John P. Edmiston, James M. Edmiston, Edward L. Ellis, 
 Samuel Ellis, Aaron England, John D. Enloe, Anthony Enloe, Abram 
 Endsley, Hugh Endsley, John H. Elliott, L. H. Elliott, Samuel P. 
 Fleenor, Simon Fleenor, Thomas Flint, John Flint, John Fields, 
 Dilwood Fields, Robert Ford, R. Y. Ford, John J. Ford, Samuel 
 Ford, Henry Fuller, James Fuller, S. L. Fox, Elijah Fleming, 
 Thomas Foster, John Foster, Levi Fields, Jesse Fowler, Matthew 
 Franklin, Joel J. Fair, Asa Fleming, Richard Ford, Charles Fitch, 
 Sam Fitch, William T. Foster, George Foster, George Fallis, John 
 Faning, William B. Gillespie, Joseph Gillespie, John Gillespie, 
 Jacob Gutshall, David Garton, Ananias Garton, Russell Guy, Benja- 
 min Grubb, Thomas M. Geer, Noah Grant, Elkanah Glover, John 
 Gibson, O. P. Green, Philip Harris, Joel Harris, David Harris, Isaac 
 Hammers, William Hamblin, Thomas Hutchens, A. B. Harden, 
 Edward Hunt, Joseph Hunt, Elijah Hubbard, E. L. Hubbard, E. S. 
 Hughes, John J. Hatton, Marshall K. Howell, William W. Harper, 
 Thomas Hart, Henry C. Hamilton, J. D. Hardin, Henry Herriugton, 
 Charles Hauck, Lewis Hunt, John Hudson, John W. Hobbs, E. H. 
 Hobbs, John Hyde, Edward Higgins, William Hunter, Henry Hunter, 
 Porter Hardin, John M. Haynes, Thomas J. Higgins, Nelson Hock- 
 ridge, William Hamaker, Robert Hall, William Hall, William Hen- 
 dricks, John Honan, W. B. Harper, J. J. Hogan, J. B. Hyde, Alex. 
 Hinkley, Benjamin Han'is, Granville Hogan, Joseph W. Harper, 
 Enoch Holland, Shepard Hulse, Alfred Hickman, Charles L, Jen- 
 nings, E, M, Jennings, Martin Jennings, Samuel O. Jennings, 
 Miles Jennings, Ichabod Jincks, Lee P. Jones, John Jones, 
 Joseph Jones, Joseph C. Johnson, Charles Killyan, John P. 
 King, William King, Simon P. King, Jesse Kelley, William 
 Long, Iven Low, Joshua Low, Alvin P. Low, Isaac N, Ladd, 
 Thomas Ladd, William Lauderback, William G. Lewis, Joshua 
 Looman, John Long, C. A, Long, John Ligget, Leonard Ladd, Jacob 
 B. Ladd, William Liles, William Mitchell, Jacob Mitchell, John 
 Mitchell, Daniel Mitchell, James M. Mitchell, Reuben Macey, Eli Mc- 
 Daniel, F. H. McKinney, Patrick McGill, Elisha Meeker, James 
 Mallett, F, B. Miller, Cornelius Miirphy, Daniel Morgan, William 
 Munns, John McGinley, Charles Miller, S. C. Miller, Thomas 
 
212 HISTOKY OF HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 Monson, Hugh T. Monson, Adam Miller, Abram Myers, John Mc- 
 Graw, Dr. J. G. Miller, ^^'illiam Martin, John Merifield, RoUa 
 Merifield, Nathaniel Martin, Arch Montgomery, Kader Madden. Allen 
 S. Meek, Jacob H. McLey, James Moas, John R. Maize, David Macey, 
 G. M. Mendenhall, John G. Music, George W. Noah. Harrison Noble, 
 S. M. Nelson, James Nash, William Nally, Samuel F. Neal, Henry O. 
 Nevill, James M. Nevill, Hardin Oatman, Clem Oatman, JohuOatman, 
 John Oram, William Oxford, Jonathan Oxford, Jacob B. Oxford, 
 
 Drury Obion, Samuel Prewitt, John Prewitt, Robert Peery, 
 
 Peery, Logan H. Peery, John Poynter, Thomas Poynter, William 
 Pilcher, James Powell, Anthony Plymel, Peter Price, Joseph Price, 
 James Price, William L. Price, Veazey Price, Christopher Platz. Peter 
 Pettit, J. A. Piburn, J. M. Piburn, William Robinson, James 
 K. Rees, James Ramey, Benjamin S. Ramey, William Rice, 
 Shedrick Robertson, Solomon Richardson, Hugh Ross, Samuel 
 Ross, Jacob Ross, John B. Roberts, Henry Rice, James Rhodes, 
 Perry Reed, John Ramey, Ephraim Stewart, Wright Stephens, 
 William M. Selby, Vincent Smith, John W. Stevenson, John R. Scott, 
 Oeorge Smith, Jonathan H. Smith, A. J. Smith, Ed. Smith, James 
 Stone, Amos Spurgin, Eli Salmon, Thomas Shain, Noah Snell, Jacob 
 Stumbaugh, Rod Stark, Charles M. Scott, Benjamin Salmon, R. H. 
 Salmon. John Sanders, Daniel Shumate, G. W. Selby, Samuel Spires, 
 William Smith, Sylvester Smith, Allen Scott, William Simpson, James 
 N. Stafford, L. Dow Thompson, Thomas Tucker. Daniel Tucker, 
 Beverly Travis, David Travis, William A. Travis, Hiram Tinney, John 
 Taylor, Thomas Taylor, Chris Taylor, James Taylor, Thomas 
 Thompson, Thomas Terry, Daniel M. Thomas, Elkanah Timmons, 
 Reuben D. TUley, Sanford M. Tilley, John Tull, Ben Tull, Jeptha 
 TiiU, Birdine Taylor, J. F. Thompson, Allen Turner, Silas Turner, 
 John W. Virdin, Jesse Vail, Daniel Vanderpool, Isaac Vanhoozier, 
 H. Vanhoozier, Valentine Vanhoozier, William M. Virdin, George 
 Williams, Alfred Williams, John Williams, Andrew Williams, David 
 AVilliams, John B. Williams, Richard Watson, Noah Whitt, Sharp 
 Winningham, Elijah Wilcot, John Wilcot, Hiram K. Weddle, Calvin_ 
 Williams, Adam H. Wilson, B. T. Wbedbee. Solomon Wilkinson. W. 
 B. Weldou, Zachariah Weldon, Jonathan Weldon, Mark P. Wills, 
 Daniel Walker, Richard Walker, Joel H. Worthington. Jeremiah 
 Young, Harvey Young, R. R. Young, F. B. Young, William Young. 
 Of course it is not claimed that the foregoing is a full or com- 
 plete list of all the early settlers, but it is believed to be a larger and 
 more complete list than has ever before been published. In writing 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 213 
 
 a history of the county for the ' ' Atlas' ' prepared by Edwards Bros. , 
 in 1876, CoL Heastonmade a list of early settlers embracing about one- 
 half the names above given, to which we have added quite a large 
 number. We are informed that hardly one-fourth of those whose 
 names are above given are now residents of the county. A few of 
 them have moved farther west to find cheaper land and scenes more 
 congenial to their nature, but a large majority of them have gone to 
 their last resting place. 
 
 The settlement of this portion of Missouri was made along the 
 Missouri River, and extended thence northward. In 1820 Eay County 
 was organized, and embraced all that part of the State west of Grand 
 River and north of the Missouri River. The west line of the State 
 was then on what is now the west line of Gentry County. From this 
 magnificent expanse of territory, twelve counties have since been 
 organized, so that Eay County may well be called the ' ' Mother of 
 Counties." On the 29th of December, 1836, Ray County and Cald- 
 well County were organized with their present boundaries, and Daviess 
 County was erected to occupy the territory north to the State line. 
 Harrison County was not organized until 1845, having up to that time 
 been included in Daviess County. 
 
 In 1840 Asoph M. Butler settled near where he now resides west 
 of Big Creek, and near the south line of the county. He came from 
 Vermont. About the same time John R. Maize settled near him. In 
 the same year Thomas Taylor settled near the head of Polecat Creek, 
 near where his son, Birdine Taylor, now resides. In early times it was 
 a current remark that ' ' Uncle Tommy Taylor' ' was the smartest man 
 on Polecat, having shown his wisdom by settling so far up toward 
 the head of the "critter." He evidently showed wisdom in the site 
 of his location, for no better or more beautiful land is anywhere to 
 be found. 
 
 John Foster settled near Antioch Church, four miles southeast of 
 Bethany, in 1840. He is still living there, is very old, but yet able 
 to work some. He was a very stout man, and it is said was always 
 ready to fight for amusement, for trial of strength, or to defend the 
 right. 
 
 Thomas Flint settled near him the same year. He was a minis- 
 ter in the Christian Church, and continued to preach many years. 
 He was an intelligent man, and did much good in properly directing 
 the morals of the early settlers. He was appointed circuit clerk upon 
 the first organization of the county, and died in office the next year. 
 David and William A. Travis also came here in 1840. They settled a 
 
214 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 few miles northeast of Bethany. It is reported that David Travis 
 was one of the best hunters of the early settlers, and in addition to 
 other game occasionally killed an elk. In 1841 John W. Brown, 
 Thomas Tucker, C. L. Jennings, E. M. Jennings, William K. Allen, 
 and others, settled near where Bethany is. At that time there were 
 no white settlers north of them, except a few at Fort Des Moines, 
 where there was an Indian town and a fort. John W. Brown was 
 one of the best known as well as one of the best citizens that ever 
 lived in the county. Before the organization of the county he was 
 elected justice of the peace, or "squire," as he was familiarly called, 
 and decided the cases for what little lawing there was, and the man 
 who was not satisfied with his decision was set down as a contentious 
 citizen. After the organization of the county he was both circuit and 
 county clerk for twenty years. 
 
 The first settlements were made along the streams and in the edge 
 of the timber. There were several reasons for this: Thereby the settlers 
 were nearer wood and water; it saved them digging wells; they were 
 nearer the bee trees, for hunting bee trees for honey and beeswax was a 
 principal industry, and the prairie sod was too tough to break with- 
 out a team of four or five yoke of cattle, and it was so much easier 
 there to erect their cabins. When a settler selected his location he 
 cut down a number of trees, cut ofiF logs the proper length, and then 
 invited his neighbors to come and help raise his house. The neighbors 
 were all those who lived within a radius of ten or twelve miles. When 
 an invitation was given to a house raising, all other business was 
 dropped, and all hands turned out to assist in the work. Not to do 
 so was an act of incivility unknown in the first settlement of the new 
 country. Four men were selected to ' ' carry up ' ' the four corners 
 of the house. These were considered the honored men of the occasion, 
 and he was the best man that could ' ' carry up ' ' the nicest corner. 
 The top of each log was scored off to receive the next one, and the 
 next log had a notch cut in it called the ' ' rider " or " saddle " to fit 
 upon the one beneath it, and the ends were then cut off smooth. The 
 owner, or his hired help, would cut out places for doors, windows and 
 fireplace. Trees were cut down and split into puncheons, out of 
 which the floors and doors were made, and short boards, called 
 "clapboards," were split for the roof. Logs were laid at proper 
 distance to receive these boards, and other logs were laid upon them 
 to hold them to their places. The fireplace and chimney were made 
 of suitable timbers, but plastered with mud to prevent their burning. 
 Thus the entire house would be erected and made ready for occupancy 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 215 
 
 without any iron about it. The windows were usually left open for 
 air holes in the summer, and were covered with cloths or greased paper 
 in cold weather. It is said Judge A. M. Butler was the first settler in 
 the county to use window sjlass in his house, and for this he was re- 
 garded by his neighbors as putting on entirely too much style for these 
 new settlements. 
 
 As soon as the cabin was completed the settler moved in, and 
 then all hands went to work to open out a little farm, the women 
 helping in this necessary work as well as in their household duties. 
 The women were worth something in those days upon the frontier. 
 Mothers then taught their daughters to play upon the spinning 
 wheel and loom instead of the organ and piano. The music was more 
 profitable if not so melodiotis. The men wore flax shirts and home- 
 made woolen pants, and the women wore linsey-woolsey dresses; all 
 the work upon manufacturing the material and making of which was 
 done with their own hands. Occasionally some of the more wealthy 
 ladies would have a calico dress, and then she was ' ' fixed up. ' ' 
 
 A man could have all the land he wanted, that is he could claim 
 all that he desired, and the settlers usually regarded each other's 
 rights, and would not settle when or where there were any objections 
 by the prior settlers. The immigrants generally brought some stock 
 with them, such as horses, cattle, sheep, and a few hogs. They also 
 brought some bread stuff and a scant amoimt of household goods, 
 especially in the furniture line. The tii-st settlers had to go down to 
 Grand River, near Trenton or Gallatin, to get their corn ground into 
 meal, or else they had to grit it at home. A gritter was made by 
 taking part of an old coffee pot or piece of tin and punching it full of 
 holes, bowing it up in the middle, and nailing the edges to a board 
 with the rough side up. The corn in the ear was put into a kettle 
 and boiled, then taken out, and when cold enough to handle was rubbed 
 on the gritter to make it fine. It was then sifted through a com- 
 mon sieve. Meal thus prepared made excellent mush or healthy 
 johnnycakes. It was much better than nothing. In order to live in 
 the new country the principal concern was to provide bread. There 
 was plenty of wild game for meat, and the hollow trees were ■ often 
 filled with honey. The early pioneers say they were healthy, and felt 
 happy as kings whenever they had plenty of corn dodger, honey and 
 venison. 
 
 In 1840 Philip Hari-is settled west of Big Creek, a couple of miles 
 southwest of Bethany, and, seeing the necessity of a gristmill, sjon 
 set to work erecting a mill on Big Greek. The next year he got his 
 
216 HISTORY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 mill in operation, and that stopped the gritting process in that 
 vicinity. It is stated that the winter of 1812-43 was the coldest, most 
 severe, and protracted ever known by the whites in this county. 
 
 That fall Harris' mill froze up early, and remained in that condi- 
 tion until the last of March. The snow was very deep, and, as might 
 be expected with the few settlers, the roads were not good and not 
 broken through the snow, and the gritters again were heard in the 
 land. Some called the gritter Armstrong's mill, others termed the 
 process " planing meal." But call it what you may, the hungiy peo- 
 ple, in the emergency, knew it was business. When winter finally 
 broke Philip Harris started vip again, and as he was never accused of 
 taking too much toll, he was largely patronized. His extreme honesty 
 is supposed to have kept him poorer than millers usually are. About 
 1844 Isaac Hammers settled at Taylor Grove. He erected a horse 
 gristmill, so when the water got too low or froze up Harris' mill, the 
 ' ' hoss' ' mill could do the grinding, and this effectually put a stop to 
 the gritting process. Each man going to this mill was expected to 
 furnish the team to run the mill while his grist was being ground. 
 Parson Allen says : ' ' Did you ever, in cold weather, go twenty miles 
 to a horse mill, and swing around the circle until you ground out a 
 two-horse load of corn? If so, you have some idea of the circular 
 work. To spin around that circle for four long, weary hours, of a 
 cold, dark, dreary night, punching up the team, is no laughing matter. 
 One might despair in this cheerless work were it not for the hope of 
 hearing the cheering words, 'Your grist is out,' which the miller 
 finally calls out through a chink in the logs. These words would bring 
 renewed courage, and send a thrill of joy to the weary twister. ' ' 
 
 About the year 1840 John Gibson settled in the southeast part of 
 the county, on Sugar Creek. Experiencing the trouble in gritting 
 his meal, and going a long way to mill, he rigged up an ingenious 
 handmill for grinding corn, and made very good meal. The neigh- 
 bors patronized it so well that he attached horse power to it, and it 
 was run in that manner for several years. 
 
 Edward Hunt and Joseph Hunt built a dam across Big Creek, 
 near the south line of the coimty, about the year 1843, and put up a 
 small corn mill, which did a good business for a number of years, and 
 was a great convenience in that part of the county. Joseph Hunt was 
 a blacksmith, and put up his shop at the same place about 1841. He 
 did the horseshoeing, mending plows, wagons and other farm imple- 
 ments for many years, and was a very useful citizen. 
 
 James Watson came from Indiana about the year 1841, and erected 
 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 217 
 
 a mill on Big Creek, in Daviess Connty, a few miles south of Harrison 
 County. This mill was largely patronized, and did a good business 
 for many years. 
 
 At an early day Noah Snell built a mill on Big Creek, where the 
 town of Brooklyn now stands. This was perhaps the best mill ever 
 built on the stream, and for nearly thirty years did a good business 
 grinding wheat and corn. 
 
 Dr. E. B. Bush built a mill on Big Creek, a few miles above Snell's 
 mill, which ground corn and sawed lumber. It was kept up by the 
 Doctor for about twenty- five years. Big Creek was a rapid stream, 
 and not well suited for mill purposes. The water fi-equently got too 
 low for mill purposes, and in times of great rains or overflows, from 
 the extent of territory it di'ained, would become very high and swift, 
 so it was difficult to erect dams that could stand. the floods, and the 
 proprietors found it too great expense and trouble to keep the dams 
 in repair, and all the mills erected upon the creek have finally been 
 abandoned. The Hunt and "Watson mills were washecl out and aban- 
 doned long before the war, and the others were finally all given up 
 about 1880. 
 
 Arthur Charlton erected a mill on Big Creek, a few miles north 
 of Bethany, at an early day. At this mill they ground corn and sawed 
 lumber. It was continued as a saw mill by Mr. Gates and Barnes un- 
 til a few years ago. 
 
 Peter Cain was an early settler in Mercer County, a few miles east 
 of Cainsville, which is named after him; at an early day he built a 
 mill on Grand River, which he kept up and made a good grist and 
 saw mill. It proved to be an excellent investment and a good location 
 for a mill. It has always done a good business, and is one of the few 
 water-mills that has been continued until the present. 
 
 C. L. & E. M. Jennings started the first steam mill at Bethany 
 about 1851. They used it to grind corn and saw lumber. They con- 
 tinued to run their steam mill at odd times, adding new parts and 
 patching old ones for about fifteen years, when they sold out to Henry 
 S. Laney, who added wheat buhrs and carding and spinning 
 machinery until the present magnificent roller-mill and spinning 
 factory is the outcome and legal successor of that humble beginning. 
 
 Incidents of Early Days. — At the time of the first settling of the 
 county game was plentiful, such as deer, turkeys, prairie chickens 
 and a few elk. There were also a great many wolves, coons, squir- 
 rels and a few panthers. Wild plums, grapes, cherries, blackberries, 
 strawberries and gooseberries were found in the timber in great abund- 
 
218 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 ance. Hickory nuts, walnuts and acorns were plentiful, and there 
 was no end to the hazelnuts. Hazelnut patches skirted and dotted 
 nearly every prairie, so there was plenty of mast nearly every fall to 
 fatten all the hogs the settlers wanted. The first settlers found a 
 species of wild hogs running in the woods, though their meat was not 
 very good, and the hides upon old male hogs about the neck and 
 shoulders was sometimes an inch thick, and very tough. 
 
 Bees were found in nearly every hollow tree, with large amounts 
 of honey, and the amount of beeswax that could be made was about 
 measured by the wants and industry of the settlers. As stock was 
 low, and the settlers at first had none to spare, and their tillable land 
 limited, the principal source of income was from the honey, beeswax, 
 furs and venison taken to market. For a few years after the first 
 settling of the county the principal market place was at Liberty, in 
 Clay County. The settlers operated together upon triie gi-ange prin- 
 ciples. They usually met at some convenient place, each bringing his 
 surpliis honey, beeswax, pelts and other ' 'productions, ' ' when they 
 would load a wagon and ' ' splice ' ' team, and send one of their num- 
 ber to Liberty, about eighty miles, to trade or sell their "produce," 
 and get cofPee, tea, salt, calico, domestic, ammunition and such other 
 absolute necessaries as they could not raise or make themselves. Upon 
 the return of the teamster they would meet again, and make proper 
 partition of their goods and the remaining money, if any was left. 
 
 It is said that if any young lady was so fortunate as to get a new 
 calico di-ess she was as happy as a queen just receiving her crown. 
 Beeswax cakes were generally called " the yellow boys," and were 
 used as ciu-rency among the settlers, generally passing at about 
 25 cents per pound. While the early settlers were generally 
 industrious and honest, there were even then some among their num- 
 ber that in their greed for gain would take an undue advantage, and 
 even their yellow cakes were sometimes counterfeited with improper 
 alloy. At one time when the teamster arrived at the trading post a 
 cake of beeswax was found with a corner broken off exposing an inside 
 filling of tallow. The counterfeit was returned to the dishonest 
 owner, and so indignant were the honest settlers at his conduct and 
 its tendency to bring their settlement into disrepute, that no teamster 
 would afterward convey his produce to market, and the small stream 
 upon which he lived was called "the tallow fork of beeswax," which 
 name it retains even unto this day. Coon skins also passed current 
 at 50 cents each, and mink skins at 25 cents. The State 
 then allowed 50 cents for wolf scalps and the small taxes were 
 mostly paid with that currency. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 219 
 
 As soon as a settlement became strong enough a log schoolliouse 
 wonld be erected, and the children sent to school, for the settlers be- 
 lieved in education, and generally expressed themselves as knowing 
 how inconvenient it was to do without it. They also expected that some 
 day this would be a desirable country and well settled up, and those 
 who were here first, having the choice of the land, would then be the 
 best fixed and leading citizens, and their children ought to be educat- 
 ed so as to maintain their position and dignity; besides they had all 
 ' ' come from somewhere ' ' although they now lived in a new and wild 
 country. No burdensome school tax was levied upon the people, and 
 each paid his own school bill direct to the teacher, and no portion of 
 it was lost in useless circumlocution or stolen by dishonest officers. 
 
 Although in a new country the settlers did not lose their religion 
 or neglect their social or moral training. In the year 1841 the denom- 
 ination known at present as the Bethany Christian Church was organ- 
 ized on Big Creek by Elder John S. Allen and Ephraim Stewart. 
 After that Parson Allen continued to preach to the chmxh nearly 
 every Sunday for forty years. He never charged anything for his 
 services but was always a liberal contributor to the good cause. To 
 him more than any other person are the people of Bethany indebted 
 for the upbuilding of the chiu'ch here, and for good moral and relig- 
 ious teaching. He has been spared to see the church he nurtured so 
 well in its infancy continue to increase for over forty years and to 
 have a church building costing $8,000, the best church edifice in this 
 portion of the State. 
 
 There were no postoffices or post roads in the county at that time, 
 and what few letters were written by the settlers had to be sent to 
 Cravensville, a small postoffice in Daviess County, five or six miles 
 north of Gallatin; this place had been built and occupied by the Mor- 
 mons, but after they left the village went to decay and the postoffice 
 was discontinued. 
 
 The first postoffice in the county was established at Bethany in 
 1845; for several years it went by the name of Bethpage, and David 
 Buck was appointed postmaster. The mail was caiTied on horseback 
 to and from Cravensville once each week. The settlers took but few 
 papers and, therefore, as might be expected, were not well posted 
 upon all that was going on in the busy world of trade, but they knew 
 how to trail the deer or find the rich bee tree, and they often visited 
 each other and told of their successes and disappointments, and rejoiced 
 together over their prosperity or sympathized with each other in their 
 troubles. Hypocrisy and deceit were almost unknown among them. 
 
220 HISTOKY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 and honesty and hospitality distinguished them. Although what 
 they had in basket or store was scant, there was scarcely a time but 
 that each would readily have shared his scant provisions with a 
 neighbor. Their cabins were rude and diminutive, but their latch 
 strings, like their generous hearts, hung on the outside. 
 
 Indian Trading. — The early settlers were sometimes in quite a 
 strait for ammunition, which was a serious matter, as they depended in 
 a great measure upon wild meat for the first few years. 
 
 This want was often partially supplied by the Indians who generally 
 had powder and lead furnished them in abundance by the Government. 
 
 The Indians were then numerous in the southwestern portion of 
 Iowa, and when their hunting excursions would come near the white 
 settlements the whites would trade with them to secure ammunition. 
 The Indians soon learned that when the whites needed ammunition 
 they would give good trades to get it; in this they exhibited their 
 natural shrewdness, and in the game of ' 'swap' ' often outwitted their 
 pale faced brothers. 
 
 An incident that occuiTed in the fall of 1841 will serve to illustrate 
 this : 
 
 A settler needing ammunition gathered a lot of turnips, and took 
 them to the Indian camp to trade, but being unable to speak in the 
 Indian dialect the Indians held him at a disadvantage pretending not 
 to understand him. Toward evening a lad about ten or twelve years 
 old offered to trade some powder for tm-nips; they effected a trade, 
 the man delivering over the turnips, and followed the lad into his wig- 
 wam to get the powder. It was then dark, but the wigwam was 
 lighted up slightly by a stick fire; the lad got the allotted amount in a 
 rag, and the settler wanted to take it to the light to examine it, but the lad 
 motioned frantically for him not to take it toward the fire, at the same 
 time saying "tshutshu" " tshu tshu" as much as to say it will 
 explode. The man took the alleged powder to his wagon, but fearing the 
 lad was tricking him concluded to test the powder ; he tasted it, and tried 
 to explode a little of it, when he found it was no good. He returned 
 with it to the wigwam, but neither the lad nor the turnips could be 
 found. It appeared that the lad had gathered iip some charcoal, 
 pounded it up fine, and traded it to the unsuspecting settler for pure 
 Government powder. He wandered around complaining greatly at 
 the manner he had been swindled, but he could not find a member of 
 the Lo family who could understand him sufficiently to sympathize 
 with him in the loss of his turnips and powder. 
 
 The Indians would generally trade almost anything they had for 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 221 
 
 skittipo (whisky). They would gather great quantities of wild meat, 
 which they would dry, and pack away for transportation to their 
 towns. They were also quite skillful at tanning deer skins, out of 
 which they made many usefiil articles or beautiful trinkets. They 
 preferred to trade these to the settlers, but soon found that there 
 was not much demand for them. They would exchange theii' dried 
 venison or anything else for skutipo, and then the men would get 
 drunk, and when they were drunk it was safer to be away from them, 
 though they were quiet when sober, and never disturbed the whites 
 or their property, but sometimes would infringe too much upon the 
 hunting grounds of the whites. It was against the law to trade, sell 
 or give whisky to the Indians, yet the law was in that regard oftener 
 violated than it was vindicated. 
 
 Occasionally a thief would pass through and take a horse, and 
 then the whole settlement would be aroused. Fortunately such losses 
 did not occur often, and there is no record of a horse thief being- 
 caught by the early settlers of this county. It was a rule of the very 
 highest authority that no settler should knowingly harbor a horse- 
 thief. There was one man shown to have violated this excellent rule, 
 and he was made to suffer the penalty, which was ' ' linting. ' ' Of 
 course lynching is not to be encouraged in well-regulated communi- 
 ties, but among the early settlers it appeared to be the dernier resort. 
 It was too far away to take offenders to coiirt, and would occupy too 
 much time and incur too great expense. The settlers found ' ' lint- 
 ing ' ' so much easier, speedy and economical, and in this case it 
 worked so admirably in making a good citizen of the victim that it 
 was in very high favor. 
 
 There was very little sickness among the early settlers. This may 
 have been greatly owing to the fact that it was only the stout and 
 hearty young people who had the hardihood to venture out upon the 
 wild and unsiibdued frontier, or it may have been that the open-air 
 life and rustic cabins were coudu^cive to health. Hunting and chasing 
 wolves in the winter time was a delightful pastime. About the year 
 184:4 Dr. Hardin Oatman settled in the new country. He did not 
 come, however, so much to practice his profession as to open out a 
 farm. In cases of severe sickness he was usually called, but his 
 calls for several years were very rare, although he was a good physi- 
 cian and a clever gentleman, and his bills or charges were light. 
 
 About the year 1843 St. Joseph was first laid off, and began to 
 attract attention as a trading point. Up to that time the place had 
 been merely an Indian trading post, conducted by Joseph Robidoux, 
 
222 HI8T0EY OF HARRISON COUNTI. 
 
 and was known as the Blacksnake Hills. It soon became a business 
 place, and, as it was about twenty-five miles nearer than Liberty, the 
 settlers early commenced making paths and roads in that direction. 
 The Grand River currency passed as readily and at as good rates 
 there as at Liberty, hence the honey- wax and pelt trade soon turned 
 almost exclusively to St. Joseph. No more attempts at counterfeit- 
 ing were brought to light, and the merchants of that place soon placed 
 great confidence in the Grand Eiver squatters. An incident illustrat- 
 ing that this confidence was not misplaced is related of a certain 
 Grand River settler. He was at St. Joseph doing some trading at 
 the store of Bob. Donnell — the present New York banker — and the 
 goods he happened to want being more than his ' 'produce' ' would 
 pay for, he agreed to bring more honey and wax by a given day. 
 The settler felt proud and elated that the merchant would take his 
 word for the delivery of the honey, but Donnell was a pretty good 
 judge of human nature, and thought the settler had an honest face 
 and would do to trust for a barrel of honey. The squatter hastened 
 home, told his wife of his good fortune, felt like a man of conse- 
 quence, and vowed that he would make his promise good. He ac- 
 cordingly struck out to hunt the bee trees and find his honey. He 
 hunted all day and continued his search by moonlight, searching hol- 
 low trees and listening for the buzzing of bees. In a few days he 
 had secured his baiTel of honey, and returned home to prepare for 
 his journey to St. Joseph. Upon counting up his time he found that 
 he only had three days, and his time would be out on Sunday. So he 
 hastened up, but failed to get into St. Joseph on Saturday. He hesi- 
 tated about moving forward on the holy day, but thought that would 
 not be so bad as to fail to keep his promise, so he entered the city on 
 Sunday and inquired for Bob. Donnell, and was informed that he waS 
 at church. He hastened to the church, and, arriving just as the min- 
 ister had commenced his sermon, he addressed him rather abruptly 
 with "Halloo, stranger! will you just hold on a minute? I want to 
 inquire if Bob. Donnell is in the house." Bob. saw him, and walked 
 out, when the squatter in a loud voice told him: "Well, Bob., I 
 have brought you that barrel of honey." At this every one in the 
 house laughed, but the honest settler felt a proud consciousness of 
 having made good his financial obligation that no mirth could remove. 
 Since that time the reputation of the Grand River settlers for prompt- 
 ness and the punctual performance of promises has been very good. 
 
 In 18-1:3 an order was received from the Governor to organize the 
 militia in these settlements. The settlers prior to that time had not 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 223 
 
 felt any particular aeed of a military organization, but they did not 
 know what emergency might arise, and they thought the Governor 
 might know more aliout matters than they did, and they were growing 
 in importance, when they attracted sufficient notice to be taxed and 
 formed into a military department. There were a great many Indians 
 in the southwest part of Iowa, and though they were friendly and peace- 
 able, the settlers did not know what might occiu' to change this pleasant 
 state of affairs, therefore they talked over the matter, and concluded to 
 meet together and organize the militia. The women were particularly 
 well pleased at the idea that the militia would be organized, and their 
 protection fully secured. 
 
 Of course the important consideration was in reference to the prop- 
 er persons for the officers of their little army. It was agreed that 
 they would need a colonel and major, and they set about the selection 
 of these officers. It was the general opinion that the officers must be 
 men of judgment and courage, and especially the colonel must be a 
 man of stamina. At last it was determined that C. L. Jennings was 
 the proper man for colonel. He had come to the county in 1841, and 
 reared his huge cabin on the farm now owned by Jacob King, some 
 four miles northeast of Bethany. He had shown himself to be a good 
 commander of an oxteam, and was good looking, and the tallest man in 
 the settlement, and the squatters, being Bible readers, knew how Saul 
 was selected for king because ' ' he was higher than any of the people 
 from the shoulders up. " S. C. Allen was elected major. He was not 
 so tall as the colonel, but that was not considered so important a mat- 
 ter for the lower officers. We have been unable to learn of any roll or 
 roster of the men eni'olled or enlisted into the militia. It is stated 
 that there were two companies, but it is not known how many men 
 were in each company as they were divided according to the conven- 
 ience of the settlers. 
 
 Tlie Killyan War. — Shortly after the militia were organized they 
 were called into service by the Colonel, under the following circum- 
 stances: A settler on the edge of the prairie, a few miles south of where 
 Eagleville now is, by the name of Charles Killyan, took a couple of bush- 
 els of corn to Phil. Harris' mill on Big Creek west of Bethany. While he 
 was there a heavy rain fell, raising the creek so that it could not be 
 crossed; there were no bridges or fences on Big Creek at that time. The 
 mill was on the west side of the creek, and as it appeared the creek 
 would continue too deep to ford for two or three days, Killyan concluded 
 to go up the creek on the west side until he could cross it. Accordingly 
 he started north to head the creek and go home. As he did not return 
 
224 HISTORY OF HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 home for a week, and had always been a good industrious citizen of no 
 bad habits, his family and the neighbors became alarmed at his pro- 
 tracted absence; neighbors were sent to the mill to see if any tidings 
 could be gained of him. It was learned he had been to the mill, ob- 
 tained his grinding and started for home in due time, but nothing fur- 
 to o ' o 
 
 ther was known or could be learned of him. The settlers became 
 aroused; the matter was discussed. It was considered that he had 
 started for home in a northwest direction toward the Indian settle- 
 ments in Southwest Iowa, and no doubt was entertained but that he 
 had been captured by the Indians. Was he killed and scalped, or 
 was he held as a captive and hostage ? These were questions that ex- 
 cited various comments. If Killyan was captured by the Indians, it 
 was the duty of the settlers to punish the Indians or there would be 
 no safety for any other settler that might be out alone, and it was 
 considered a matter of prudence as well as sound statesmanship to 
 show the Indians the strength and coui'age of the settlement. The 
 idea of war upon the fi'ontier with the wild and merciless savages ex- 
 cited the liveliest apprehensions. They had often read of Indian war- 
 fare, and had early been taught that their mode of warfare was the in- 
 discriminate murder of men, women and childi-en, and that the Indians 
 were cunning, and liable to dash down upon them without any notice 
 or sign of thek coming. All such thoughts had a tendency to inten- 
 sify the situation. Upon consultation it was decided proper to call 
 out the militia and follow after the trail of Killyan. It is true the 
 Indians had always been peaceable and friendly, and had never ap- 
 peared to show any desire to make trouble with the white settlers but 
 once, and that was after the Indians had lost some ponies, and thought 
 the whites had taken them or harbored those who did, but ujjon in- 
 vestigation the Indians were convinced that the squatters in this county 
 were not to lilame, and thereupon friendly relations had been more 
 finnly established than before. There was no telling but what -some 
 thief or thieves had again stolen some of their ponies, and the Indians 
 might have concluded to take their revenge upon Killyan. Some of 
 the more timid could almost see poor Killyan tied to a tree or stake, 
 with a jsile of wood aroiind him ready to have the torch applied. 
 Everybody was excited, especially the women and children. Killyan' s 
 poor wife became almost distracted; she would cry anl say "my poor 
 husband has been captiu-ed by the Indians, Oh, I will never get to see 
 him again." Under these circumstances the colonel of the militia 
 issued his orders to have the settlement placed on a war footing, and 
 all the militia were ordered to meet at the house of the colonel the 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 225 
 
 next morning by sunrise to start upon an armed expedition in search 
 for the missing squatter or to discover his murderers. Such a bustle, 
 excitement and huny had never before been known in the Territory. 
 Riders were sent in all directions to notify the militia to turn out on 
 the morrow with ten days' provisions. The women in their patriotism 
 forgot theii' fright for the time being, and flew to caoking rations for 
 the campaign, the men brightened up theii- guns and ' ' run ' ' bullets, 
 and 2")repared their ammunition, and such a general rubbing and clean- 
 ing up of old guns was not common. The militia had been organized 
 under orders but had drawn no arms, ammunition or rations. On such 
 an expedition it was necessary to go as cavalry, and each soldier must 
 be siipplied with a horse. They were all good hunters and experi- 
 enced marksman, having brought down many a deer, and felt safe 
 when at the breech of their gims. 
 
 The next morning, early, the militiamen might have been seen 
 riding to the residence of the Colonel until the regiment numbered 
 nearly forty faithful troopers. All things being ready, the gallant 
 Colonel brought out his war-horse and gave the order to mount, and 
 they soon dashed o£F double file for the fray. They stopped to feed 
 and water at noon at Big Creek, and shortly after starting again they 
 struck a trail showing that numerdus ponies had recently traveled to 
 the north. After traveling some distance they came to a place where 
 the Indians had evidently camped, and they found meal scattered upon 
 the ground and tracks that indicated one large horse among the ponies, 
 all of which they interpreted to mean that the Indians had the horse 
 and meal, but where, oh where was Killyan ? Perhaps a poor captive 
 and far removed from family and friends, or, perhaps worse, left as 
 food for wolves. Here a few of the army wanted to go back, claim- 
 ing that further search was useless, and that they had only enlisted 
 for one day, and their families were not well, and their stock required 
 their attention, and other similar trivial excuses. The colonel said it 
 was no time then to desert the post of duty in the hour of danger, 
 and when the country demanded every man to do his duty, but if any 
 of his command would publicly acknowledge that he" was a coward 
 and would surrender his gun and ammunition, he woald be dishonora- 
 bly mustered out of the service and could return home. No one 
 would do that, and the morale of the forces was fully restored, and 
 they boldly pushed forward into the enemy's country. About 3 
 o'clock in the afternoon, when they gained the summit of a ridge, and 
 looked far to the north, they saw men on horseback. ' ' Indians, 
 boys," said a gallant trooper, as he gazed through his spy-glass. 
 
226 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 "Indians, by thunder," said the Colonel, as he gazed through the 
 spy-glass, " and coming this way, but only a small squad." Was it 
 the advance guard or a decoy to deceive the militia? But our Colonel 
 was not to be decoyed. He ordered his men forward to suitable 
 grounds, where they dismounted and formed line of battle, and awaited 
 the approach of the enemy. 
 
 " Now, by thunder, let every man stand his ground, and all stick 
 together," said the Colonel. With bated breath they awaited the 
 approach of the enemy. They were in an open prairie, and could not 
 be ambushed, and did not much fear an attack at that place, but it 
 was a good point for observation. Presently two Indians and a white 
 man emerged from the binashy hollow before them. " That is Kill- 
 yan," said the man with the spy-glass. As they came nearer the 
 men saw that it was Killyan, and he was received with joy. He then 
 explained that he had started up the west side of Big Creek to head 
 the stream; that he had done so, but the weather being bad and 
 cloudy, he had lost his course and gone too far east, and gone down 
 on the east side of Grand River, which he could not cross on account 
 of the high stage of the water, and had to go back north again. 
 Falling in with some friendly Indians that were going to Fort Des 
 Moines, two of them were sent to assist him in finding his way 
 home, as they understood the country better than Killyan. 
 
 The Indians received the thanks of the big warrior, and grateful 
 acknowledgments of Killyan, and departed to seek then- tribe, and 
 Killyan was returned to his family, who were almost overwhelmed 
 with joy. The war was declared over, the victory won, the lost 
 restored, and the valiant militia dismissed by the Colonel wi^ praises 
 for their bravery in turning out in defense of their imperiled country. 
 The peacefial and happy termination of this campaign gave renewed 
 confidence to the settlers that they need not fear any troiible from the 
 Indians north of them, and it is worthy of remark that there never 
 was any hostile troubles or scarcely any ill feeling between them. 
 
 This in a great degree was owing to the good will kept \vp and fos- 
 tered at all times by the early settlers. The first settlers of this 
 county were an exceptionally good class of citizens, as all who knew 
 them willingly bear witness. No county was ever settled by a better 
 class of men than John S. Allen, William R. Allen, A. W. Allen, A. 
 M. Butler, David Back, Daniel Bartlett, C. L. Jennings, T. M. Geer, 
 Lewis Charlton, Henry Fuller, Samuel Edmiston, John W. Brown, 
 Thomas Flint, Thomas Tucker, T. M. Dunkerson, Elisha Meeker, M. 
 K. Howell, Philip Harris, James A. Dale. Ephraim Stewart, William 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 227 
 
 A. Travis, David Travis, James A. Dale and those who settled with 
 them near Bethany. Even William Penn and his early colony were no 
 better. 
 
 The Mormon War. — As Ihere was only one other occasion when the 
 militia were called into active service, we will give it in this con- 
 nection, although it happened several years later. 
 
 In the year 1846 occurred what is known by the early settlers as 
 the "Mormon War." After the Mormon settlement at Nauvoo, 111., 
 was broken up, and Joseph Smith, their leader and false prophet, was 
 killed, Brigham Young seized the reins as the successor of Joseph 
 Smith, and, with the greater portion of the adherents of the strange 
 doctrine, started out west to seek a country beyond civilization — some 
 lone and pleasant dell, some valley ia the West — where, free from 
 toil and pain, the weary Mormons might rest and practice their abom- 
 inations without molestation by civil aiithorities who are a terror to 
 evil-doers. The Mormons traveled westward through the southern 
 portion of Iowa. This portion of that State was not settled at that 
 time, and, as the Mormons swarmed along the border, many of them 
 stopped in what is now Decatur County, Iowa, and commenced im- 
 proving land at a place they called Mount Pisgah, and also at Garden 
 Grove. 
 
 All sorts of rumors were in circulation in reference to the inten- 
 tions and designs of the Moi-mons. Many thought they intended to 
 return to Missouri, and buy up their old possessions, and those they 
 could not buy out they would some way force out, and this would lead 
 to disturbances, and perhaps break up the settlements, and bring gi-eat 
 trouble t^the settlers. It was thought they were waiting upon the 
 borders for other Mormons to arrive, and as soon as they received 
 sufficient force they would make a raid on Missouri. These reports 
 greatly excited the settlers, as they were weak in population, and would 
 be the first to be overrun by the Mormons from the north, as there 
 were only a few settlers north of Bethany. 
 
 The militia had been drilled but little, and had no experience in 
 the field save during the " Killyan War," but still they had their 
 gallant Colonel to look to and lead them on to victory. In consequence 
 of the alleged preparations of the Mormons, and reported threats, the 
 settlers thought it best to carry the war into the enemy's country, 
 and to attack them while they were yet unprepared. Accordingly war 
 was determined upon, and the gallant Colonel called his regiment to- 
 gether, and they struck north on the line of march, with banners flying 
 and guns shining in the blazing sun, determined to give the muchly 
 
228 HISTORY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 man-ied people oae trial at least. The Colonel never felt prouder than 
 he did on that day, as he reviewed his regiment of about fifty valiant 
 warriors, each of whom could knock out a squirrel's eye at 100 yards 
 and not miss, and who had never been defeated. After a two-days' 
 march, the Colonel and his army came upon the Mormon settlement, 
 when the Colonel demanded the whereabouts of Brigham Young. The 
 Mormons appeared to be very much excited, and were not at all 
 prepared for war, only bent upon peaceful pursuits, and waiting for 
 other stragglers to join them. In the surprise and alarm of seeing 
 an armed force in their front, some concluded that it was the Illinois 
 troops intercepting their westward journey. The women retreated to 
 their tents, the children huddled together in herds, and the men 
 stood around in groups, as if expecting to be taken prisoners. The 
 Colonel ordered his men to remain in line, and on no account to break 
 ranks. Presently the Mormons ran up a white flag. As Brigham 
 Young did not appear for some time, the Colonel sent a guard for 
 him, and in a few minutes Brigham came out, bowing and scraping 
 as politely as a French dancing-master, and asked, "What is want- 
 ing, sir? What do you want with me?" The Colonel rose up in 
 his stirrups to his full stature and said, "We want to know what 
 in thunder you are doing here ? ' ' Brigham said, very meekly, they 
 were simply traveling peaceably toward the West. The Colonel 
 spake out very boldly, and said unto him, "Our people in Missouri, 
 including my regiment, became uneasy at your appearance and ma- 
 neuvers here, and supposed you were intending to move on Missouri, 
 and have come to see about it." 
 
 Brigham smiled, and said, very obsequiously, ' ' You need give your- 
 selves no uneasiness gentlemen, we have been driven fi-om our homes 
 in Illinois by the wicked Gentiles, and some of our people are so poor 
 they had to stop and raise something to live on, and will then move 
 ahead." 
 
 The Colonel thereupon entered into a treaty of peace with Brigham 
 that he was not to enter Missouri except for trade and commercial 
 purposes. 
 
 The war having met with this favorable conclusion, the gallant 
 Colonel with his conquering army retiu'ned home without the loss of a 
 man. They reported the " Mount Pisgah Treaty' ' to the inhabitants of 
 Bethany, and all seemed satisfied with the result of the expedition. 
 After that the settlers enjoyed a lucrative trade with the Mormon trav- 
 elers. These were the only wars in which the militia of the Territory 
 engaged. They served at their own expense without the hope of fee or 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 229 
 
 reward. It is stated that they never received any bounty or back pay, 
 land warrant or pensions. The gallant Colonel resided in this county 
 many years respected as a veteran by all the early settlers, and in 1887 
 was a dairyman at St. Joseph, commanding a milk peddling wagon. 
 When the dependent pension bill becomes a law, he should, by all 
 means, be included in its patriotic terms. 
 
 Land Opened for Entry. — When the squatters first came to this 
 county each one could get as much land as he wanted, that is could 
 claim what he wanted for farm or pastui'e or timber, for the land was 
 then not surveyed or laid off into sections or townships. 
 
 About 1842 the land in Township 62, that is five miles on the 
 south part of the county, was laid off into sections, and opened for entry, 
 and in 1845 the land in Townships 63, 64 and 65, that is eighteen miles 
 more north, was surveyed and sectionized, and in 1846 was opened 
 for entry at the United States land office, then at Plattsburg, Mo. 
 The surveyors first laid off the townships six miles square, and these 
 were afterward subdivided into sections. Each section was intended 
 to be one mile square, and to contain 640 acres, but as the original 
 townships were not always accurately surveyed, they were found 
 sometimes to be more and sometimes to be less than that size. The sur- 
 veyors laying off the sections would commence at the southeast corner 
 of the township, and survey north and west, so the south and east 
 sections were made one mile square, and the last tier of sections on 
 the north and west was often either more or less than the proper 
 size, and the north part of the last sections adjoining the township 
 line on the north side of the township, and the half of the sections 
 adjoining the range line of the west side of the township sustained 
 the loss or gain, the inside eighty acres was usually full, and was called 
 Lot 1, and the outside eighty, or the tract next the line, was called 
 Lot 2; so Lots 2 are often more than eighty-acre lots, and often 
 fall below that size. 
 
 The Government sirrveyors only ran the section lines and marked 
 the sections corners and the half-mile points on their lines. In the 
 timber or where they cou.ld get stakes conveniently, they would make 
 a stake about four inches square and four feet long, and di-ive two feet 
 into the ground. Upon the sides of the stake were marked the number 
 of the section it was made to face, and the township and range. 
 This was for the convenience of the people who desired to enter the 
 land. Sometimes iipon the large prairies the surveyors would run 
 out of stakes and then they would pour down about a quart of char- 
 coal to mark the exact corner, and cover it up with earth, making a 
 
230 AsTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 small hillock. It was a violation of the law for any person to move 
 these stakes or hills. Of course the section lines did not always suit 
 the squatters, as sometimes they would have their houses in one section 
 and their barns in another, and very frequently their cultivated land 
 would be divided by the lines; sometimes a squatter would find his 
 small field partly in four sections. As the surveyors did not iim the 
 inside lines of the sections, it gave occasion for the squatters to exer- 
 cise their skill in sighting through, setting stakes and running the 
 other lines. The first lands entered north of Township 62 were 
 entered by John S. Allen, David Buck and James A. Dale on the 
 22d of December, 1846. At the same time John S. Allen, as county 
 seat commissioner, entered 160 acres for the county for county seat 
 purposes, to wit: The west half of the southeast quarter and the east 
 half of the southwest quarter of Section 10, Township 63, Eange 28, 
 west of the fifth principal meridian. Thus the land upon which the 
 county seat was located was not entered, nor pui'chased fi'om the Gov- 
 ernment, until some time after the county seat was located, and part of 
 it laid oflf into lots, and some of the lots sold, and a few houses erected 
 on them. 
 
 Before the organization of Harrison County, the territory of which 
 it is composed was attached to Daviess County for general purposes, 
 and at the election in 1844 some of the candidates for county ofiices in 
 Daviess County visited the settlements of the squatters to secure their 
 votes. The principal thing the squatters desired to know was whether 
 the candidates were ' ' Jackson men ' ' or not. It is stated that out of 
 about 100 voters then in the territory, all of them except three were 
 ' ' Jackson men. ' ' 
 
 In February, 1845, the Legislature passed an act to organize the 
 county, and it was named Harrison, after Albert G. Harrison, a mem- 
 ber of Congress from this State, then recently deceased. The State 
 line between Missouri and Iowa had not then been definitely settled, 
 but a strip of about twenty-four miles north of Township 65 was in 
 dispute, and the people expected to have another coimty north of Har- 
 rison twenty- four miles square. When the State line was finally lo- 
 cated, however, it was only about seven miles north of the line of 
 Harrison County, and that was then attached to and became a part of 
 HaiTison County. When the county was first organized, it was 
 only twenty-thi-ee miles across north and south and twenty-four miles 
 east and west. Shortly after the organization Edward Smith, of De- 
 Kalb County, and John Gibson and Ebenezer Wood, of Gentry County, 
 were appointed commissioners to select a site for the county seat. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 231 
 
 After spending some time viewing the county they selected the place 
 ■where Bethany now is for the county seat. At the May term, 1845, of 
 the county court, these commissioners were allowed for nine days' serv- 
 ices each $2 per day, amounting to $18 each, and these were 
 the first warrants issued by the county court. At this term of the 
 county court, John S. Allen was appointed county seat commissioner 
 to have the brush cleared off and some lots laid off around the court- 
 house square. Mi\ Allen engaged Mr. John Plaster, county surveyor 
 of Gently County, to lay off the town, and he laid off fifteen blocks, 
 being five blocks east and west, and three blocks north and south, the 
 courthouse square being in the center. The blocks were each twelve 
 rods square; the streets running north and south were made four rods 
 wide, and the streets running east and west were made three rods 
 wide. This plat of the first survey of Dallas (Bethany) was reported 
 to the county court at the June term, 1815, and the same was by tie 
 court approved and adopted, and the county seat commissioner was 
 directed to sell lots. At the same term John S. Allen, as county seat 
 commissioner, presented an account for $30. 37 J for expenses of having 
 the brush cleared off the ground for the survey of the lots. The town 
 was first called "Dallas, ' ' but the settlers did not like that name, and 
 at the November term of the coui't, 1845, the county oflScers took a 
 vote upon a new name, and the name was accordingly changed to 
 Bethany. 
 
 Upon the organization of the county, the settlers met at Phil. 
 Harris' mill to select their county officers. The officers were elected 
 in this primitive manner, about fifty voters being present. The candi- 
 dates were called out and took their places a few steps ajjart, when 
 the sovereigns gathered around the candidate they preferred. There 
 was not much electioneering or log-rolling for the offices among the set- 
 tlers then, and bribery, repeating and "ballot-box stuffing" were 
 unknown. And there was no trouble or bribery or great expense in 
 selecting the county seat such as we read about in Kansas and other 
 western States. The commissioners selected a place near the geo- 
 graphical center of the county as then organized, and where ' 'wood and 
 water were plenty. " The fii'st house erected in the new county seat 
 was built by William K. Allen in the fall of 1845. It was a hewed-log 
 house, about sixteen feet square, built on the block northeast of the 
 public square, and remained upon its old foundation and in its original 
 simplicity for about twenty years when it was destroyed in a fire. 
 J ohn and Clem Oatmen were the first merchants in the county. They 
 sold goods for several years in the first house erected in the new town. 
 
232 HISTOEY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 After they started their store it became the principal place of com- 
 merce among the settlers. It was here the sqnatters repaired with 
 their honey, beeswax, furs and other produce, and here they procured 
 their sugar, coffee, tea, salt, ammunition, calico and other goods of 
 prime necessity, and the Oatmens did the hauling between Bethany 
 and St. Joseph, in which it is said they did a ' ' driving business. ' ' 
 
 The first preachers in the county were A. B. Hardin, Baptist, and 
 John S. Allen, of the Christian Church, both of whom came to the 
 county in 1841, and labored faithfully for many years. 
 
 The first regular attorney was William G. Lewis, who came to 
 the county in 1847, and practiced here over twenty years. He was a 
 good lawyer, an excellent citizen, and an honest man. A more 
 extended notice of him may be found on another page. 
 
 The first hotel in the county was kept by Robert Bullington in a 
 one-story, hewed-log house, on the north side of the public square, in 
 Bethany, where the St. Joe House now stands. The original part of 
 the house erected by Mr. Bullington still remains, though sided up; 
 other parts have been added, and a second story built on it. so that it 
 has almost lost its identity. 
 
 The first dramshop kept in the county was by Dennis Clancy, 
 who,ii 1845, obtained license from the county court to keep a ' 'grocery" 
 at Harris' mill for six months, by paying $10 State tax, and $10 
 county tax. That was before the days of high license and cheap drug 
 stores. It is stated that there has not been a saloon licensed in the 
 coiinty since the year 1863. 
 
 The first blacksmith shop in the county was started by Joseph 
 Hunt about 1840 on Big Creek, near the south line of the coimty. 
 
 The first election for county officers was held the first Monday in 
 August, 1846. Although the emoluments of the offices were not very 
 great, there were quite a number of candidates, especially for county 
 court justices; as they were called judges, it was considered quite an 
 honor to have that handle prefixed to the name. Voting in Missouri 
 was then done viva voce, that is, each sovereign stepped up to the 
 polls, and called out the names of the candidates he wished elected. 
 At this election Lorenzo Dow Thompson was elected to represent the 
 county in the Legislature. He served with President Lincoln in the 
 Black Hawk War, and, it is said, got the better of Lincoln in a wrest- 
 ling match. He was a tall, stout, raw-boned man, and withal a man 
 of good sense and fair ability. Thomas Dunkerson, S. C. Allen and 
 Elkanah Glover were elected county court justices; John W. Brown, 
 circuit and county clerk; Henry Fuller, sheriff, and David Buck, 
 treasurer. 
 
 ^ 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 233 
 
 COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The territory embraced within the present limits of Harrison 
 County originally formed a part of Daviess County, and remained 
 such until created a separate jurisdiction by an act of the General 
 Assembly bearing date of February 14, 1845. The county was named 
 in compliment to Hon. Albert G. Harrison, at that time a distin- 
 guished member of Congress fi-om one of the soiithern districts of 
 Missouri. The material part of the creating act describes the bound- 
 aries of the county as follows : ' ' Beginning at the northeast corner 
 of Daviess County; thence on the range line between Ranges 25 and 
 26 west, twenty-four miles; thence west to the range line between 
 Ranges 29 and 30; thence south on said range line to the northwest 
 corner of Daviess County; thence east along the northern line of Daviess 
 County to the place of beginning. ' ' 
 
 The northern boundary of Daviess County is described in Section 
 14 of the same act as follows: " From the northeast corner of Sec- 
 tion 36, in Township 62, Range 26; thence west on said section line 
 to the northwest corner of Section 31, Township 62, Range 29." 
 The act further provides for the organization of the newly created 
 county, and designates the time and place for holding courts in the 
 same. *"At the time Harrison County was created, Benjamin 
 Salmon was the representative in the Legislature from Daviess County, 
 and as he lived on the south side of Township 62, and desired to 
 retain his residence in Daviess County, he had the bill so framed that 
 when it passed the Legislature one mile on the south side of the 
 above township, running the entire width of the coiinty, was retained 
 in the county of Daviess. ' ' 
 
 Since then the boundaries of the county have been variously modi- 
 fied, the north line at the time of the organization having been 
 about one mile north of the present site of Eagleville. 
 
 * ' ' The State line between the States of Missouri and Iowa was 
 then in dispute, and the district north of Township 65, for a distance 
 of about twelve miles, was called the ' disputed ten-itoiy. ' The 
 State line was settled and permanently located in 1850, and iron stakes 
 six inches square and six feet long were planted along the line every 
 ten miles. On the 1st of March, 1851, the territory between the old 
 county limits and the State line, being about six miles in width and 
 twenty four in length, was added to the county, thus making it a 
 little over thirty miles long and twenty -four miles wide, comprising a 
 
 *Heaston. 
 15 
 
234 HISTORY OF HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 superficial area of over 720 square miles. The State line however 
 does not run exactly with the section lines, but bears a little south- 
 ward running west, making the true area of the county about 456,000 
 acres of land." 
 
 The County Court. — Shortly after the bill creating the county had 
 become a law, the settlers met pursuant to appointment at what was 
 known as the Harris mill, about two and a half miles west of where 
 Bethany now stands, for the purpose of choosing county officers, 
 and recommending them to the Governor for appointment. The 
 number of citizens who attended the meeting is variously estimated 
 at from thirty to forty-five, and the election is said to have been con- 
 ducted in the most primitive manner. The candidates were called 
 out, and took their stations a few feet apart, when the sovereigns 
 flocked to the men they wished to serve them in the office designated. 
 There was not much electioneering or ' ' log rolling ' ' for offices among 
 the settlers then, and "repeating," and "ballot-box stuffing" were 
 unknown. Lewis .Charlton, Asaph Butler and Samuel Edmiston 
 were selected for county court justices. John W. Brown was chosen 
 sheriff, and Thomas Flint, circuit and county clerk. These parties 
 were duly commissioned by the Governor, and on the 5th of May, 1845, 
 they met pursuant to appointment for the purpose of formally organiz- 
 ing the county, and putting its machinery in motion. 
 
 The first session of the county court was held under the spread- 
 ing branches of a large bass wood tree on the west bank of Big 
 Creek about fifty yards south of the Phil. Harris mill; and the organi- 
 zation took place in the presence of quite a large number of citizens 
 attracted to the spot by the novelty of the occasion. The opening 
 proceedings were characterized by due formality, proclamation having 
 been made by the sheriff, Mr. Brown, who, with uncovered head and 
 solemn mien, gave utterance for the first time to what has since 
 become such a f amilar declaration to-wit : ' ' Hear ye, hear ye, the 
 honorable county court of Harrison County is now in session." 
 Samuel Edmiston was chosen presiding justice, after which the court 
 proceeded to the transaction of such business as came within the 
 sphere of its jurisdiction. 
 
 The following from the little time-stained record is a synopsis of 
 the proceedings of this historic court: 
 State of Missouri, I 
 
 COUNTY OF HARRISON. \ 
 
 Be it remembered that at a county court begun and held at Harris mills 
 within and for said county, on the 5th day of May. 184.5. were present Hon. 
 Samuel Edmiston, Asaph M. Butler and Lewis Charlton, justices of said county 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 235 
 
 court, and Thomas Fliut, clerk. John W. Brown presents the account of 
 Ebenezer AVood against the county for eight days' service, locating the seat of 
 justice of Harrison County, at $3 per day. Ordered by the court that the ac- 
 count be allowed, and a warrant issued on the treasurer for the same. 
 
 The accounts of Edward Smith and John Gibson for similar 
 sei-vice were also presented by Mr. Brown, and the court, after due 
 investigation, ordered warrants issued on the treasurer for amount 
 claimed. 
 
 Thomas Flint and John W. Brown, justices of the peace for North 
 Township, Harrison Cotinty, came into open court, and resigned their 
 commissions, both of which were duly accepted. 
 
 Ordered by the court that Henry Puller be and is hereby appointed county 
 treasurer for Harrison County to serve as such until his successor is appointed 
 and qualified. 
 
 The court then proceeded to fix the boundaries of the following 
 municipal Townships: Madison, Butler and Dallas, and, after appoint- 
 ing one Shepherd Hulse constable for Dallas, an order to adjourn 
 until the second Monday in June next was made and recorded. Thus 
 ended the proceedings of the first county court of Harrison County. 
 
 On the 26th of May, 1845, the court assembled in vacation to 
 consider the application of John W. Brown for letters to administer 
 upon the estates of John W. Stevens and Thomas Brown, deceased, of 
 Harrison County, and "the said John W. Brown having complied with 
 the law in said cases provided, it is ordered that letters of administra- 
 tion issue accordingly." 
 
 At the regular term, June 9, 1845, held at the residence of David 
 Buck, near Bethany, there were present the justices already named, 
 Thomas Flint, clerk, and John W. Brown, sheriif. It was ordered by 
 the coiu't that ' ' John S. Allen be and is hereby appointed county seat 
 commissioner to survey and sell the lots in the town of Dallas, the pres- 
 ent county seat. ' ' Whereupon the same John S. Allen entered into bond 
 and security to the Governor in the sum of $1,000 for the faithful dis- 
 charge of the duties of the position. 
 
 Ordered that Vincent Smith be appointed justice of the peace for Dallas 
 Township, to hold said office until the next general election or until his suc- 
 cessor is chosen and qualified. 
 
 A. B. Hardin and Samviel Allen were appointed justices of the 
 peace for Dallas and Butler Townships, respectively, and Thomas 
 L. Frame was appointed to draw the road and cancel fund amount- 
 ing to $198.78, in accordance with the apportionment made by 
 the treasurer and auditor of public accounts. William Roberson 
 was appointed guardian and curator of the person and property 
 
236 HISTOKY OF HAERISON CODNTY. 
 
 of Mary C. Taylor. Thomas L. Frame was appointed county at- 
 torney for the term of one year, and also instructed to act as agent 
 in procuring the necessary books and records for the county. 
 Briefly stated, the other business transacted at this term was as 
 follows: the appointing of L. D. Thompson, Henry Fuller and Jacob 
 Brown as allotting justices for the townships of Butler, Dallas and 
 Sugar Ridge, respectively. Elkannah Timmons and Valentine 
 Floor, chosen justices of the peace for the township of Butler. 
 Special elections were ordered held in the different municipal town- 
 ships, and the appointment of judges for the same. John W. 
 Brown was ordered to settle with the county court of Daviess County 
 ' ' for the purpose of ascertaining the amount of revenue belonging to 
 Harrison County. ' ' License was granted Dennis Clancey to keep a gro- 
 cery at Fuller's mill on Big Creek for six months, commencing June 10, 
 1845, for which the sum of $10 was imposed as a tax for the use of the 
 county. 
 
 Ordered Ihat the order made at the May term, appointing Henry Fuller 
 county treasurer, be and the same is hereby received. Ordered that David Buck 
 be appointed county treasurer of Harrison County by executing bond and 
 security to be approved by the court. 
 
 Following the above appears an order for adjournment to meet at 
 the house of David Buck on the last Monday in June. 
 
 At the next regular session John S. Allen, commissioner of the 
 county seat, presented a report of plat and survey of the town of 
 Dallas, and was allowed the sum of $30. 37|^, for superintending the 
 clearing off, and surveying of the same. It was ordered that the 
 revenue of Harrison County, for county purposes, be double that of 
 the State revenue on all objects of taxables, including the tax on 
 merchants and grocer's license. At the same term the name of the 
 county seat was changed from Dallas to Bethany; the tax book 
 returned by O. P. Green, assessor, was ordered received and approved, 
 and John S. Allen was appointed commissioner to contract for the 
 building of a courthouse in the town of Bethany. 
 
 Subsequent Acts. — At the July term, 1845, a petition was pre- 
 sented to the court by Samuel Alley, signed by ntunerous citizens 
 and householders, praying for the appointment of viewers to view 
 and mark out a highway from Bethany, to intersect the county 
 line at Section 35, Township 62, commencing at Bethany and 
 running to Section 35, Township 62. Samuel Alley, E. T. Ellis 
 and John Allen were appointed viewers on the same. John G. 
 Conduit, Robert Peery and David Buck were appointed to view 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 237 
 
 ■"a road from Bethany in the direction of Trenton in Grundy 
 County, via Joseph Jones' farm in Sugar Kidge Township. ' ' Edward 
 Hunt, James Mitchell and James Taylor were appointed viewers 
 on a road from Bethany in the direction of Hunt's mill, and for like 
 service on a road from the county seat to Taylor's Grove were 
 appointed C. L. Jennings, William Long and Stephen C. Allen. 
 John S. Allen was authorized to sell lots in the county seat at private 
 sale; the allotting justices of the various municipal townships 
 made re'ports of road districts in the same. John Cravens was allowed 
 $12.50 for medical services rendered Thomas Brown (deceased), and 
 John W. Brown presented his report of settlement with Daviess 
 County. The following is a brief synopsis of the proceedings of 
 the court at the September, October and November terms, 1845. 
 Edward Hunt appointed guardian and director of the persons and 
 property of James Michaels, Sarah Michaels and Lewis Michaels, 
 infant heirs of Daniel Michaels (deceased), with bond and security 
 of 11,500. At the October term, John W. Brown, sherifp and ex 
 officio collector, made settlement with the court for the tax books for 
 the year 1845. He was charged with : 
 
 The amount of the tax books for the year $396 76 
 
 Credit by delinquent list %Z1 38 
 
 Credit by commission for services f 10 00 
 
 147 38 
 
 Balance to treasurer $249 38 
 
 Harlan Oatman, Thomas Dunkerson, William Hamblen and 
 Richard Watson presented claims against the estates of Thomas 
 Brown, John W. Stevenson and John Edmiston, all of which were 
 allowed by the court. Thomas Flint was allowed $72.65 for services 
 as clerk, warrants to the amount of $32 were issued in favor of 
 Asaph M. Butler and Samuel Edmiston, as salary, for eight days' 
 attendance as justices of the county court, and John W. Brown was 
 allowed $40 for services as sheriff. 
 
 At the January term, 1846, held at the residence of David Buck, 
 William P. Allen was appointed sheriff of Harrison County. Various 
 highways in different parts of the country were ordered opened, and 
 a settlement with the collector for balance of tax due the county 
 from January, 1846, amounting to $67. 48^^, was made and placed upon 
 record. • In March, 1846, Charles M. Scott was allowed $3. 15 for hold- 
 ing an inquest on the body of John W. Stevens; and Martin Jennings, 
 by paying a tax of $20, was granted a license to keep a dramshop in 
 the town of Bethany for the term of six months. 
 
238 HISTORY OF HABEISON COUNTY. 
 
 At the May term, 1846, the coiirt appointed John S. Allen clerk, to 
 fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas Flint, and at the same 
 time an appropriation was made for digging a public well in Bethany, 
 and a license granted to E. S. Hughes to keep a grocery at Fuller's 
 mill for a period of six months. 
 
 In the fall of 1846 a new county court was elected, composed 
 of the following justices: Thomas Dunkerson, Stephen C. Allen 
 and Elkannah Glover, the first named being chosen presiding judge. 
 They held their first meeting in November of the above year, and 
 during the term a large amount of business was transacted. 
 
 The county^taxes for 1846 were |308 76 
 
 Delinquents and sheriff's commission 27 77 
 
 Amount to treasurer 280 99 
 
 In February, 1847, the records show settlements made by David 
 Buck, county treasurer, as follows: 
 
 David Buck presents his papers for settlement, and by 
 reference to books and warrants, he stands charged 
 with amount received of sheriff $280 99 
 
 Credit by amount paid for county warrants 276 04 
 
 Balance on hand 4 95 
 
 Credit by services as treasurer 4 95 
 
 First Officers of the County Court. — Hon. Samuel Edmiston, the 
 first presiding judge, was a native of North Carolina, and an early 
 settler of Missouri, moving to what is now Butler Township, Har- 
 rison County, in 1842. He was a man of excellent judgment, and 
 during a long period of residence in Harrison County won and re- 
 tained a prominent place in the estimation of the people. Honest 
 and upright in all his dealings, he discharged his duties as presid- 
 ing justice acceptably, as is attested by the fact that his oflScial course 
 never provoked criticism or censure. He died on his farm in Butler 
 Township a number of years ago. 
 
 Asaph M. Butler, the only member of the first county court now 
 living, was born in Vermont. He came to Harrison County in 
 1840, locating where he still resides in Cypress Township. He took 
 an active part in the county organization, and was chosen justice on 
 account of his peculiar fitness for the position, being a man of good 
 judgment and practical business sense. At the expiration of his 
 oflScial term Mr. Butler abandoned public life, and has never since 
 asked nor sought political preferment at the hands of his acquaint- 
 ances. He is a typical gentleman of the old school, and justly 
 regarded as one of Harrison county's most worthy pioneers. 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 239 
 
 Lewis Charlton came to Harrison County prior to- 1840, and was 
 one of the first settlers in what is now Sherman Township. He 
 appears to have been a quiet, unassuming man, and as a member of the 
 court won the respect of his fellow citizens by his earnest efforts in 
 behalf of the county's interests. He possessed fair business abilities, 
 and is remembered as one of the worthy pioneers of Harrison. 
 
 Thomas Flint, first clerk of the circuit and county courts, came to 
 Missouri from Indiana early in the forties, and settled about three 
 miles southwest of the present site of Bethany. The early records 
 show him to have been a man of fair clerical abilities, and from what 
 can be learned of him personally, he appears to have stood well in the 
 estimation of his fellow citizens. He was chosen clerk at the organi- 
 zation of the county, and discharged the duties of the position in a 
 satisfactory manner until his death in the spring of 1846. 
 
 John W. Brown, sheriff of Harrison County at the time of its organ- 
 ization, was one of the pioneers of this part of Missouri, moving here 
 about the year 1841. He was a Tennesseean by birth, but early left 
 his native State, immigrating, while quite young, to Illinois, where 
 he resided until his removal to Missouri in the above year. Mr. 
 Brown was a man of much more than average intelligence, and for a 
 number of years enjoyed the distinction of being a kind of counselor 
 and advisor among the early settlers of the community in which he 
 lived. His name appears in connection with much of the early county 
 legislation, and his ofiicial career, from 1845 until 1866, was eminently 
 satisfactory to the people of the county. From the organization of 
 the county until the fall of 1846 he served as sheriff, and from the latter 
 year until 1864 he had charge of the circuit and county clerks' oflB.ces. 
 He was elected circuit clerk in 1864, and discharged the duties of the 
 position until 1866, thus completing an official career of twenty-one 
 consecutive years. 
 
 County Seat and Public Buildings. — The legislative enactment 
 creating Harrison Cotmty named three commissioners, whose duty it 
 was to select and locate a permanent seat of justice for the same. 
 These commissoners — John Gibson and Ebenezer Wood, of Gentry 
 County, and Edward Smith, of Daviess — met pursuant to law, and 
 after spending nine days in viewing the county, finally selected the 
 present site of Bethany for the seat of justice, and gave to the future 
 city the name of Pallas. They made a report of their proceedings at 
 the first session of the county court, and as already stated, were allowed 
 for nine days' services at $2 per day, the wairants ordered in their 
 favor being the first issued by the county. 
 
240 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 At the ensuing June term the court appointed John S. Allen com- 
 missioner of the seat of justice with bond at $1,000, and in the latter 
 part of the same month he presented a report of the plat and survey 
 of the town, for which service he was allowed the sum of $30. 37 J. 
 
 The county seat permanently located, the court turned its attention 
 to the necessity of providing appropriate public buildings. Accord- 
 ingly, at the June term of 1845, an order was made appointing John 
 S. Allen commissioner to contract for the building of a courthouse of 
 the following plan, to wit: To be a frame 24x20 and 14 feet high, 
 so as to make one story and a half, the first story to be 9 feet high, 
 the half or upper story to be 5 feet, two windows in the upper story, 
 and seven windows below, all to be twelve-light windows; the building 
 to be put up with good material, and in a workmanlike manner. 
 
 From the above order it will be observed that the plans and speci- 
 fications were rather indefinite, no provision having been made for 
 doors. 
 
 The contract was awarded to Elkannah Grover, who, for the sum of 
 $194, erected the building in due time, and reported it ready for occu- 
 pancy. At the August term, 1846, the commissioner was authorized 
 "to let a job of work on the courthouse to the lowest bidder, of the 
 following description, to wit: a seat for the judge to be on a platform 
 two feet high, three feet wide and eight feet long, to be banistered up 
 in front with railings and a plank on top, eight or ten inches wide, 
 also one step to ascend the platform one foot high, also a bar in fi-ont 
 of the j iistice' s seat to be thirteen feet long. ' ' 
 
 The house stood northeast of the public square on Lot 4, Block 2, 
 of the original plat, and although a very primitive affair answered the 
 purposes fpr which it was intended until the increasing business 
 of the county foreshadowed the necessity of a building of enlarged 
 proportions. 
 
 Second Courthouse. — At the August term, 1856, the court ordered 
 that $8,000 be api^ropriated for the purpose of building a new court- 
 house in the town of Bethany, and appointed William G. Lewis, Esq. , 
 commissioner to let contract and superintend the erection of the same. 
 
 Plans and specifications were famished, and after some bidding 
 the contract was awarded to Asbury Allen and Allen S. Meek, who 
 agreed to construct the building for $9,732. They made the brick in 
 1856, began work on the biiilding the following year, and completed 
 it in 1858. The house was a substantial brick structure, sixty-five 
 feet long east and west by forty feet wide, two stories high, each 
 story being fifteen feet high. The lower story was divided by a 
 
STATE OF MI8S0UKI. 241 
 
 hall tea feet wide running through the entire length of the building 
 with stairs to ascend to the second story on one side of the hall. 
 The south side of the lower story was divided into four rooms of equal 
 size, and the north side contained three offices — one double the size of 
 the other two. The largest room below was used for the clerk's office 
 and county court room. The circuit court room was in the second 
 story, with fifteen feet cut off the west end divided by a hall, with jury 
 rooms fifteen feet square on either side. It stood on the public square, 
 and at the time of completion was considered one of the most commo- 
 dious and substantial temples of justice in Northwest Missouri. 
 
 As soon as the new building was ready for occupancy the county 
 court ordered the old courthouse property sold. It was purchased in 
 1858 by Charles J. Blackburn for $500.40, and remained standing 
 until about the year 1881, at which time it was torn down, and the 
 material used in the construction of a business house, which now stands 
 upon the same lot. 
 
 The brick courthouse, as already stated, was substantially built, 
 and would have answered the county for many years had it not been 
 destroyed by fire in 1874: The following, from the Bethany Repub- 
 lican of January 8, of the above year, is an account of the fire which 
 reduced the building to a mass of ruins: 
 
 "About 11 o'clock last night, January 7, the alarm of 'fire' was 
 heard along the streets followed by a ringing of bells and a general 
 panic. The night was bright with moonlight, the ground partly 
 covered with snow, and a moderate breeze was blowing from the south. 
 The fire was discovered by Scott and Luther Bryant, who observed 
 a brilliant light in the collector' s office on the north side of the court- 
 house. As the light increased they gave the alarm, and r\jshed down 
 to the courthouse, where they found the floor and desk in Mr. Baker's 
 office all on fire, and the desk burning, and also saw that the window 
 of the office was raised about two feet. Other citizens fi-om all parts 
 of the town soon appeared, but, as comparatively few brought buckets 
 of water, and water being scarce in the town at the time, the fire soon 
 gained such headway that little could be done to save the building. 
 The desk was of considerable height, and, having a pigeon hole case 
 standing on the top full of papers, the fire reached the ceiling easily, 
 which was soon in flames. 
 
 ~ "The square and street were by this time thronged with a multi- 
 tude of men, women and childi'en, who stood shivering in the bleak 
 night wind powerless to render much aid in saving the building, but 
 organized into amateur fire companies to protect the buildings on the 
 north side of the square. 
 
242 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 ' ' Water and snow were thrown on the roofs and sides of the build- 
 ings and the showers of sparks eagerly watched. When the roof of 
 the courthouse caught fire the heat was so great on the walk in front 
 of the Ohio House, and the falling cinders so thick, that many people 
 fled in terror. It was soon observed by the most thoughtful that the 
 courthouse could not be saved, and the cry was then given to ' save 
 the records.' A rush was made for Dr. Skinner's office, and the door 
 broken down, and in a few minutes the land books, court records and 
 papers were taken to a safe distance. Next the probate court and 
 county clerk's oiSces were emptied of their contents. All of the pro- 
 bate records were saved, and most of the county records, except some 
 papers in the large desks on the west side of the county clerk's office. 
 Some of the latter were destroyed, including the settlements with the 
 township clerks and the estimates for school expenses. The tax 
 books, all of the road receipts that had been received on taxes, and 
 other papers connected with the collector's office, were destroyed. 
 There was little doubt that the fire was the work of an incendiary, as 
 it appears to have started near the desk of the collectors. 
 
 ' ' When the parties first on the ground appeared there was no fire 
 about the stove. A bunch of shavings, partly bm-ned, was found in the 
 hall in front of the sheriff's office door. Just after the alarm had been 
 given a strange man was seen running out of the courthouse yard. 
 Previous to the fire two or three suspicious characters were seen in the 
 vicinity of the building, but no clue to their whereabouts was ever 
 ascertained. ' ' 
 
 On Monday after the fire the county court held a called session, and 
 ordered the walls of the building taken down to the top of the first 
 story windows. Arrangements were also made for the accommodation 
 of the various offices, and the records were at once removed to places 
 of safety. 
 
 Present Courthouse. — The county being thus deprived of its temple 
 of justice, steps were at once taken to erect a new building. According- 
 ly, at the February term, 1874, an order was made by the court, appro- 
 priating $9, 000 for the purpose. The citizens of Bethany increased 
 this amount by subscriptions to 112,672, and in due time Charles J. 
 Blackburn, commissioner, prepared plans and specifications for the pro- 
 posed building. Benton Edwards and Isaac Hays, of Macon City, Mo. , 
 were awarded the contract, and in May, 1874, work upon the new house 
 began. The bricks were made and laid up dui-ing the summer, and 
 so rapidly had the work progressed that by the following September 
 circuit court was held in the new building. The house was not then 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 243 
 
 plastered, but was completed and received about the 1 5th of November, 
 1874. Like its predecessor, the present house is a two-story brick 
 structure, but a more spacious building. It is eighty feet long, forty- 
 five feet wide, two stories high, the upper story twenty-one feet from 
 floor to ceiling, and the lower story twelve feet. Upon the first floor 
 are located the difPerent county offices, viz. : County and circuit clerk, 
 county attorney and probate judge; while the second story comprises 
 the court room, grand and petit juiy rooms, all substantially finished 
 and thoroughly ventilated. The building is a superb model of archi- 
 tectui'al beauty, and with its well-kept lawn and handsomely shaded 
 yards 'is an ornament to the city and county. The original contract 
 was in round numbers $12,672, but changes in plans, additions made 
 to the original design, furnishing, and all extras combined, made the 
 cost a little in excess of that amount. 
 
 Jails. — At the February term, 1847, " it was ordered by the court 
 that the building of a jailhouse be let to the lowest bidder, and that 
 one- fourth of the money for the same be paid when the materials are 
 fui-nished on the ground." E. S. Hughes was appointed commissioner 
 to let the contract, which was awarded to John and Clem Oatman for 
 $346.80. The following from Col. Heaston's centennial history of 
 Harrison County, is a full description of the prison pen: 
 
 ' ' The building erected was two stories high, sixteen feet square, 
 consisting of two thicknesses of hewed logs; the logs were hewed out 
 of good solid oak, twelve inches square, and fitted together tightly 
 with floors and ceiling of the same material, each story being eight 
 feet high. The entrance was by stairs on the outside to the second 
 story, where there were two heavy doors, an inside and an outside 
 door. The lower room was called the dungeon, and the prisoners 
 were let down into it through a trap door. The two windows con- 
 sisted of holes through the sides about ten inches square, with strong 
 iron bars across them. It was completed, and the keys delivered up 
 on the 1st of Sejjtember, 1847. It was built upon the northwest 
 corner of the public square, and remained standing until the year 
 1861." 
 
 The above building was used as a place of incarceration until 
 1860, when it was decided to erect a more secure prison; accordiugly 
 in that year the court appointed Charles J. Blackburn, commissioner, 
 to prepare specifications, let contract and superintend the construc- 
 tion of a new jail and jailer's residence. Garden E. Sanderson, 
 being the lowest responsible bidder, was awarded the contract at 
 $8,000, and began work on the building in 1861. Owing to troubles 
 
244 HISTOEY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 occasioned by the war work was retarded, and not until 1864 was the 
 building completed and received by the court. The jail proper is 
 twenty-two feet square, two stories high, built of large dressed 
 stone weighing from one to two tons each. The large double doors 
 are made of iron, and the upper iloors and ceiling are lined with boiler 
 iron, rendering escape well nigh impossible. The jailer's residence, 
 comprising the south end of the building, is 15x30 feet in size, built 
 of brick, and consists of four comfortable rooms. 
 
 When the jail was first completed it was considered utterly impos- 
 sible for prisoners to escape. This delusion was dispelled in a few 
 years, however, as the inmates learned to make fires against the stone, 
 which '-when heated and dampened by dashing on of water, soon 
 cracked, causing large scales to peel ofP. They continued this process 
 until the jail was rendered insecure and a few prisoners escaped. In 
 1875 the jail was improved by the addition of strong iron cells, put in 
 by W. T. Cooper, at a cost to the county of $2,400. 
 
 Toimships. — As already stated, one of the first acts of the county 
 court was the division of the county into municipal townships — Mad- 
 ison, Butler and Dallas. 
 
 The boundaries of Madison Township, as described in the records, 
 were as follows: Beginning at a point where the State road fi-om 
 Savannah to Moscow crosses the line between Harrison and Mercer 
 Counties; thence westwardly with the said State road to the summit of 
 the divide between Big Creek and the east fork' of Grand Eiver; 
 thence with the divide northwardly to the State line; thence east 
 with the State line to the northeast corner of the county; thence south 
 with the county line to the place of beginning. 
 
 Butler Township, named in honor of Asaph M. Butler, included 
 an area with the following boundaries: Beginning at the county 
 line on the divide between Cypress and Hickory Creeks; thence north 
 with the divide six miles, to the line between Sections 25 and 36; 
 thence west with said line to the west side of the county; thence south 
 with the county line to the southeast corner of the county; thence east 
 to the place of beginning. 
 
 Dallas Township, subsequently changed to Bethany, was bounded 
 as follows: Beginning at the northeast corner of Butler Township; 
 thence north with the divide to the State line; thence west with the 
 State line to the northwest corner of the county; thence south to the 
 northwest corner of Butler Township: thence east with said township 
 line to the place of beginning. 
 
 At the June term, 1845, Sugar Creek Township was created, with 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 245 
 
 the following boundaries : Beginning at a point where the State road 
 leading from Savannah to Moscow crosses the Harrison and Mercer 
 County line; thence west with said road to the summit of the divide 
 between Big Creek and Grand River; thence south with the divide to 
 the county line between Harrison and Daviess Counties; thence east 
 with the county line to the southeast corner of the county; thence 
 north with the county line to the place of beginning. 
 
 At the May term, 1846, upon petition of numerous citizens, it was 
 " ordered that all that part of Bethany Township lying north of Town- 
 ships 64 and 65 be created a separate and distinct municipal township 
 to be known and designated by the name of Marion. ' ' 
 
 Trail Creek Township was created at the December term, 1855, 
 as follows : ' ' Ordered that all that portion of Sugar Creek Township 
 lying north of the following line, to wit: Beginning at the southeast 
 corner of Section 12, Township 63, Range 26 ; thence west on section 
 line to the line dividing Bethany and Sugar Creek Townships, be and 
 is hereby organized into a manicipal township, to be known by the 
 name of and called Trail Creek." 
 
 It was ordered at the March term, 1856, that the following bounds 
 ' ' be and are hereby set oS into a municipal township : Congressional 
 Townships 65, 66, and the fractional part of 67, Range 29, to be 
 known by the name of Washington. ' ' 
 
 The following were the boundaries of Union Township created in 
 1858 : Beginning at the northwest corner of Section 19, Township 64, 
 Range 28; thence running east on section line eleven miles; thence 
 north six miles with section line ; thence west to the northwest corner 
 of Section 19, Township 65, Range 28; thence south with range line 
 to the place of beginning. 
 
 At the September term, 1860, it was ordered that ' ' all of Con- 
 gressional Township No. 63, Range 29, be and is hereby organized 
 a municipal township to be known by the name and called White 
 Oak." 
 
 Cypress Township was organized in September, 1858, with the fol- 
 lowing boundary: Beginning at the northwest corner of Section 
 35, in Township 62, Range 27, at the county line; thence north to 
 the northwest corner of Section 35, in Township 63, Range 27; 
 thence west of the section line to the middle of the main channel 
 of Big Creek; thence down the main channel of said creek to the 
 county line; thence east on county line to the place of beginning. 
 
 It was ordered at the March term, 1858, that " all that portion of 
 Marion Township lying north of the line dividing Townships 65 and 
 
246 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 66, be and is hereby set off iato a separate munieipal township to be 
 known by the style and name of Clay Township. ' ' 
 
 The township of Lincoln was created in July, 1865, with the follow- 
 ing boundaries, viz. : Commencing at the northeast corner of Section 
 36, Township 67, Range 29, on the Iowa line; thence running south 
 six miles to the southeast corner of Section 25 in said township of 66, 
 in Harrison County, State of Missouri; thence west to the county line 
 between Harrison and Worth Counties at the southwest corner of Sec- 
 tion 30; thence north to the Iowa State line at the northwest corner of 
 Section 31 ; thence east to the place of beginning. 
 
 At the April term, 1866, the boundaries of the above township were 
 variously modified, and at the ensuing May term, outlines of Sugar 
 Creek and Trail Creek Townships were materially changed. From 
 1866 until 1872 no new townships were created, but in June of the 
 latter year, the court organized the township of Grant by a division of 
 Union with boundaries as follows: Commencing at range line be- 
 tween Township 64, Ranges 27 and 28, at the southwest corner of 
 Section 18, Township 64, Range 27, and the southeast corner of 
 Section 13, Township 64, Range 28; thence north to the northwest 
 corner of Section 19, Township 65, Range 27; thence south on section 
 line to the southeast corner of Section 14, Township 64, Range 27; 
 thence to the place of beginning. 
 
 In June, 1872, the county court upon proper petition ordered that 
 the question of township organization should be submitted to the peo- 
 ple at the general election in November of the same year. The 
 township organization law provides that each municipal township shall 
 be a body corporate with power and capacity, as follows : 
 
 "First, to sue und be sued in the manner provided by the laws of 
 the State; second, to purchase and hold real estate within its own 
 limits for the use of its inhabitants subject to the power of the General 
 Assembly; third, to make such contracts, purchase and hold personal 
 property, and so much thereof as may be necessary to the exercise of 
 its corporate or administrative powers; fourth, to make such orders for 
 the disposition, regulation or use of its corporate property as may be 
 conducive to the interests of the inhabitants thereof; fifth, to purchase 
 at any piiblic sale, for the use of said township, any real estate which 
 may be necessary to secure any debt to said township or the inhab- 
 itants thereof, in their corporate capacity, and to dispose of the same. ' ' 
 The law provides for the election of the following officers in each 
 municipal township, to wit : ' ' One trustee, who shall be ex officio treas- 
 urer of the township; one township collector, and one township clerk. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 247 
 
 who shall be ex officio township assessor, one constable, two justices 
 of the peace, and as many road overseers as there are road districts in 
 the township. ' ' 
 
 The election to decide whether or not the citizens of the county 
 desired the township organization was held on the 5th of November, 
 1872, with the following result: 
 
 For township Agaiust township 
 organization. organization. 
 
 SugarCreek 195 17 
 
 Trail Creek 191 37 
 
 Madison 89 73 
 
 Clay 157 10 
 
 Marion 117 868 
 
 Grant 55 18 
 
 Union 127 4 
 
 Bethany 343 103 
 
 Cypress 154 17 
 
 Butler 91 78 
 
 WhiteOak 183 1 
 
 Dallas Ill 7 
 
 Washington 79 3 
 
 Lincoln 97 
 
 Total 1,988 636 
 
 Majority in favor of organization 1,353 
 
 Immediately after the election the county court, by the power 
 vested in it by the township organization law, divided the county into 
 twenty municipal townships, making them coirespond with the Con- 
 gressional survey. 
 
 Sugar Ridge Township consists of all that part of Congressional 
 Township 62, Range 26, being and lying in Harrison County. 
 
 Fox Creek consists of all of Congressional Township 63, Range 26. 
 
 Madison comprises all of Congressional Township 65, Range 26. 
 
 Clay Township consists of all of Congressional Township 66, 
 Range 26, and that part of Township 67, Range 26, that lies in Har- 
 rison County. 
 
 Colfax Township consists of all of Congressional Township 66, 
 Range 27, and part of Township 67, same range. 
 
 Marion is Township 65, Range 27, of the Congressional survey. 
 
 Grant is Congressional Township 64, Range 27. 
 
 Sherman Township embraces all of Congressional Township 63 
 Range 27. 
 
 Adams Township is Congressional Township 62, Range 27. 
 
 Cypress is Congressional Township 62, Range 28. 
 
 Bethany is Township 63, Range 28. 
 
248 HISTORY OF HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 Jefiferson is Congressional Township 64, Range 28. 
 
 Union Township includes Congressional Township 65, Kange 28. 
 
 Hamilton embraces all of Congressional Township 66, and part of 
 67, Range 28. 
 
 Lincoln includes all of Congressional Township 66, Range 29, and 
 that part of 67, Range 29, lying in Harrison County. 
 
 Washington is Congressional Township 65. Range 29. 
 
 Dallas Township corresponds with Township 64, Range 29, of the 
 Congressional survey. 
 
 White Oak is Congressional Township 63, Range 29. 
 
 Butler Township includes all of that part of Congressional Town- 
 ship 62, Range 29, lying in Harrison County. 
 
 Trail Creek is Congressional Township 64, Range 26. 
 
 Paupers. — "The poor ye have with you always," said the Divine 
 Master, and to care for them properly is a duty incumbent upon all civ- 
 ilized communities. The early records of the Harrison County court con- 
 tain the somewhat startling announcement that the paupers were let to 
 the lowest bidder, a procedure which has since happily been abandoned 
 by the purchase of a farm for the accommodation of this rather numer- 
 ous class of unfortunates. The first allusion to the poor is found in 
 the minutes of the June term, 1847, where appears the following brief 
 but quaint record: "Henry Fuller, sheriff, lets John Richardson, 
 a pauper, to the lowest bidder, and John Foster takes him at $38 for 
 twelvemonths." A little later Sarah Cox was ordered "let to the 
 lowest bidder," but fi-om the records it does not appear that compe- 
 tition in her case was very spirited. 
 
 At the December term, 1866, John W. Brown, who had been pre- 
 viously appointed to purchase land for a poor farm, presented a deed 
 for the following tract of land: The southwest quarter of Section 
 9, and the northwest and northeast quarters of Section 16, Township 
 64, Range 27, containing in all 280 acres. Two years later the 
 necessary buildings were erected, since which time the farm has 
 afforded a comfortable home for the poor and indigent classes of the 
 county. 
 
 Early Records. — The early records of Harrison County were writ- 
 ten by plain business men, and, while lacking in literary finish, are 
 in the main legible and well prepared. The records of the proceed- 
 ings of the circuit court for ten years are ■wTitten in a small leather- 
 bound book of 408 pages, the size of common foolscap paper, while 
 the first deed record is a book of similar size, containing 414 jiages. 
 The county court records were prepared with considerable care, and 
 show the first clerk to have been a man of fair clerical ability. 
 
0??. /^i'^^iP 
 
 HARRISON COUNTY 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 249 
 
 The first instrument on record in the circuit clerk" s office is a letter 
 of attorney by Prudence Fos, of Whitley County, Ky. , appointing 
 " her friend James Faulkner, of Livingston County, Mo., to attend 
 to all matters pertaining to the settlement of the estate of her son, 
 Sampson Fox," of the latter county and State, the writing bearing 
 date of November, 1845. 
 
 Following the above appears a warranty deed ' ' for a certain tract, 
 piece or parcel of land, situated, lying and being in the county of 
 Harrison, and State of Missouri, to wit: the southeast quarter of the 
 southeast quarter of Section No. 5, Township 62, Range 28, contain- 
 ing forty acres more or less," sold by Benjamin Taylor to William 
 Cummings for $200, and acknowledged on the 26th of February, 
 1846, before Elkanaah Timmons, a justice of the peace. 
 
 The second deed bears date of January, 1846, and is for "ten 
 acres of land off of the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of 
 Section 7, Township 62, Range 28, in the district of lands sold at 
 Plattsburg, Mo.," conveyed by John G. Musick and his wife, Mary 
 Musick, to J. D. Hardin, for a consideration of $40. The third 
 conveyance of real estate was made by Reuben and Sarah Tilley, who 
 for a consideration of $1,000 sold to Michael Fleener a tract of land 
 containing 463 acres more or less, situated in the southern part of 
 the county. Michael Fleener then deeds an equal number of acres in 
 the same part of the county to Reuben Tilley for $1,500, the last 
 instrument bearing date of February 23, 1846. The first mortgage 
 upon record in the county was given by Jeremiah Young to Reuben 
 Tilley for $100 on the west half of the northeast quarter of Section 
 31, Township 63, Range 29, dated November of the above year. 
 
 Among the earliest instruments of record was the bond of Henry 
 Fuller as collector of Harrison County, made on the 10th of 
 August, 1846, and recorded during the ensuing month. The mater- 
 ial part of the bond is worded as follows: " Know all men by these 
 presents that I, Henry Fuller, principal, and Thomas Tucker, E. 
 S. Hughes, James Fuller, David Harris and William Allen, securities, 
 are held and bound to the State of Missouri in the sum of $1,000, to 
 the payment of which we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, etc. f-'^ 
 the conditions of the obligation being such "that the said Henry •» 
 Fuller does faithfully and punctually collect and pay over all th^^' i- - 
 State and county revenue for the two years next ensuing, the first day 
 of September thereafter, and that he will, in all things, faithfully 
 perform all duties of the office of collector according to law, then this 
 obligation to be void, otherwise to remain in full force and effect. ' ' 
 
 16 
 
250 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Early Marriages. — The following is a list of the earliest marriages 
 solemnized in Harrison during the first two years of its histoi-y : David 
 C. Bryant and Permelia Edmiston, married November 6, 1845, by Rev. 
 L. Morgan. Benjamin Casner and Nancy Miller were united in the 
 holy bonds of wedlock on the 26th day of December, 1845, by Ivan 
 Lane, justice of the peace. November 11, 1845, 'Willis Hai-per and 
 Eleanor Williams were made man and wife, Charles L. Jennings, a 
 justice of the peace officiating. Thomas H. Poynter and Susan A. 
 Jenks were married by C. L. Jennings on the 24th day of December, 
 1845. Other early marriages were Elkannah Eatcliff and Catherine 
 Prewet, John Spencer and Emily Safter, Matturn Taylor and Mary 
 M. Henson, John Taylor and Mary E. McDaniel, Alfred Williams 
 and Sarah Vanderpool, William Alleock and Rebecca Allen, Josiah J. 
 Allen to Mary Hogan, David Blaketer and Harriet Lawson, Core 
 Houk and Malinda Dolson. Levi Hunt and Caroline Cummins, 
 George W. Hanners and Elizabeth Bullington, Jesse Haunn and 
 Saulda Booth, Archibald M. McDaniel and Jane Daniels, Harden 
 Carmen and Elizabeth Hultz, Frank M. Brown and Saulda Poynter, 
 John W. Brown and Irene Higgins, Samuel Corister and Nancy 
 Miller, William Carver and Tamer Condry, Tobias Deboice and Mary 
 Garner, Peter C. Dowell and Hester W. Brown. 
 
 Census and Statistics. — The population of HaiTison County in 
 1850 was 2,447; In 1860, 10,626; in 1870, 14,635. 
 
 The following is the census of 1880 by townships: 
 
 Adams 67.5 Bethany 1,134 
 
 Butler 1,045 Bethany City 994 
 
 Clay 1,074 Colfax 1,198 
 
 Cypress 797 Dallas 1,011 
 
 Fo.x Creek 990 Grant 808 
 
 Jefferson 1,120 Lincoln 795 
 
 Madison 891 Marion... 1,033 
 
 Cainesville Village 198 Sherman 806 
 
 SugarCreek 6T6 Trail Creek 932 
 
 Union 1,011 Washington 776 
 
 WhiteOak 1,105 
 
 Total 20.304 
 
 Statistics of 1880. — Korses, 11,091; mules, 1,107; cows, 11,981; 
 other cattle, 25,229; sheep, 27,726; swine. 72,379; pounds of wool, 
 154,319; pounds of butter, 564,398; pounds of cheese, 3,089; Indian 
 corn, 3,513,186 bushels; oats, 506,126; rye, 39,164; wheat, 147,273; 
 hay, 41,254 tons; potatoes, 68,570 bushels; sweet potatoes, 1,856 
 bushels; tobacco, 42,952 pounds. Value of orchard products, §38,594. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 251 
 
 Assessed value of real estate $3,419,329 
 
 Assessed value of personal property 1,613,639 
 
 Total ■ 114,032,931 
 
 State tax $16,131 
 
 County tax 30,165 
 
 City, town and school 11,900 
 
 Total tax $48,196 
 
 Manufactories. — Number of establishments, 51; capital invested, 
 $90,365; number of hands employed, 104; amount of wages per year, 
 $24,492; value of materialsused, $112, 157; valueof products, $182,233. 
 
 Indebtedness. — Bonded debt, $1,000; floating debt, $3,800; gross 
 debt, $4,800. 
 
 Abstract of Taxable Property for the Year 18^. — Number of acres 
 of land, 458,858.63 ; valuation, $2,640,287; number of town lots, 
 2,627; vahiation, $350,700; moneys, bonds and notes, 675,480; insur- 
 ance companies, $4,727; all other property, $1,563,742; total, 
 $5,234,742. 
 
 Taxes. — State revenue tax at 1.5 per cent, $10,471.04; State in- 
 terest tax at 1.5 per cent, $10,471.05; county tax, for all purposes, 
 $5,482.37. 
 
 Other Statistics. — Number of horses, 12,283; value $435,648 
 mules, 1,331; value, $49,398; asses and jennets, 51; value, $3,085 
 neat cattle, 39,158: value, $515,221; hogs, 41,369; value, $75,074 
 sheep, 25,862; value, $21,494; all other personal property, $986,067 
 total personal property, $20,859.82. 
 
 Statement of receipts and expenditures of the county from May, 
 1886 till May, 1887: 
 
 EXPENDITURE FUND. 
 
 Total receipts $4,378 18 
 
 Total expenditures 3,959 01 
 
 BRIDGE FUND. 
 
 Receipts $3,058 32 
 
 Expenditures 603 31 
 
 POOR FUND. 
 
 Receipts : $2,995 37 
 
 Expenditures 4,009 31 
 
 SALARY FUND. 
 
 Receipts .¥4,778 34 
 
 Expenditures 4.628 03 
 
 JURY AND WITNESS FUND. 
 
 Receipts $2,148 09 
 
 Expenditures 1,493 42 
 
252 HISTORY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 County Officers — Circuit Judges. — Austin A. King, 1846^S; 
 George W. Dunn, 1859-62; James McFerran, 1862-72; Jonas J. 
 Clark, 1872-78; John C. Howell, 1878; Charles H. Goodman. 
 
 Representatives. — L. D. Thompson, 1846-50; Stephen C. Allen, 
 1850-52; Elijah Hubbard, 1852-54; Henry O. Nevill, 1854-56; Ste- 
 phen C. Allen, 1856-58; James M. Nevill, 1858-60; S. C. Allen, 
 1860-62; Samuel Downey, 1862-68; Thomas D. Neal, 1868-72; 
 William H. Hillman, 1872-74; James B. Brower, 1874-78; Charles 
 D. Knight, 1878-80; James M. Nevill, 1880-82; George Burris, 
 1882-84; A. W. Allen, 1884-86; Nelson Church, 1886, present incum- 
 bent. 
 
 Probate Jwrfges.— William G. Lewis, 1853-57; J. H. Phillebaum, 
 1857-61; D. J. Heaston, 1861-62; Thornton H. Templeman. 1862- 
 66; Thomas D. Neal, 1866-68; John Wion, 1868-72; William P. 
 Kobinson, 1872-78; John T. Hendren, for a few months; Joseph F. 
 Bryant, 1878-80; James R. Cunningham, 1880 to the present time. 
 
 Circuit and County Clerks. — Thomas Flint, 1845-1846 (died in 
 office); J. S. Allen, appointed to fill the vacancy (served about six 
 months); John W. Brown, 1846-64. In the latter year the offices of 
 county and circuit court were separated. 
 
 Circuit Clerks since 1864. — John W. Brown, 1864—66; George 
 W. Bradshaw, 1866-69 (died before the expiration of his term); James 
 C. Baker (by appointment), 1869-70; H. J. Skinner, 1870-82; A. D. 
 Shipley, 1882 to the present time. 
 
 County Clerks since 1864. — Henry O. Bryant, 1864-66; John 
 Slinger, 1866-72, died in office, and succeeded by William C. Heas- 
 ton, who served by appointment from 1872 to 1874; John W. Ken- 
 yon, 1874-77; W. C. Heaston, 1877-79; W. P. Robinson, 1879, pres- 
 ent incumbent. 
 
 Treasurers. — Henry Fuller, 1845 (served about one month); David 
 
 Buck, 1845-48; John S. Allen, 1848 ; C. M. Scott, 1856; 
 
 M. P. Wills, 1856-60; B. T. Whedbee, 1860-62; James Price, 1862- 
 66; Veazy Price, 1866-68; George W. Myers, 1868-72; Alfred N. 
 Cave, 1872-74; Simon P. King, 1874-84; Oliver C. Macey, 1884 to 
 the present. 
 
 Sheriffs.— John W. Brown, 1845-46; Henry Fuller, 1846-48; 
 William R. Allen, 1848-52; M. K. Howell, 1852-56; John P. Devers, 
 1856-60; Thomas Monson, 1860-62; William H. Hillman, 1862-66; 
 William R. Simms, 1866-70; James C. Baker, 1870-72; George S. 
 Graham. 1872-76; T. J. GaiTison, 1876-78; T. J. Barker, 1878-82; 
 M. S. Gillidett, 1882-86; W. H. H. Gillespie, present incumbenfr, 
 elected in 1886. 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 253 
 
 Justices of the County Court. — Samuel Edmiston, Asaph M. But- 
 ler and Lewis Charlton elected at organization of the county, and 
 served until November, 1840. The second board was composed of 
 Thomas Dunkerson, Stephen C. Allen and Elkannah Glover, elected 
 in 1846; John W. Casebolt, Thomas M. Geer and Edmund L. Ellis 
 were elected in November, 1850. In 1854 the following gentleman 
 composed the court: Thomas M. Geer, James M. Edmiston and James 
 H. Piburn. 1850— J. M. Edmiston, J. M. Nevill and E. L. Ellis. 
 1858— John E. Roberts, A. W. Allen and E. L. Ellis. 1860— J. Wes- 
 ley Brown, A. W. Allen and E. L. Ellis. 1862— E. L. Ellis, A. W. 
 Allen and John A. Brown. 1863— E. L. Ellis, William R. Allen, 
 William Ganady and John W. Casebolt. 1865 — S. S. Vandevort, 
 Alfred Carpenter and William Canady. 1866 — Alfred Carpenter, W. 
 C. Chapman, J. C. Erisby and William Officer. 1869 — A. Carpenter, 
 J. C. Frisby and W. C. Chapman. Since 1869 various changes have 
 taken place in the county court, and it will be almost impossible to 
 name the officers in the order of their succession. The following is a 
 list as nearly as the names could be learned: Alfred Carpenter, W. 0. 
 Chapman, D. D. Bayes, William Chandler, Joseph F. Bryant, Milton 
 Burris, Franklin R. Quigley, James B. Brower, J. R. Bailey, Will- 
 iam L. Magee, George Burris, G. W. Young, Jasper A. Gutridge, 
 Green Jeffries, John W. Moore, George Reed, Arthur Graham, 
 Joseph H. Baker, Albert Reeves, Jury Heffner, Benjamin H. Parnell. 
 The court at this time is composed of Albert H. Reeves, presiding 
 judge, John A. DeLong and John F. Selhy. 
 
 Votes upon Re-location of the County Seat. — As already stated the 
 early settlements of Harrison were made with reference to timber and 
 water, in consequence of which the southern and central parts were 
 first sought by the pioneers. This, and the fact of the Missouri and 
 Iowa boundary line being a matter of dispute between the States in 
 1845, indiiced the commissioners to locate the seat of justice several 
 miles south of the central part of the county. 
 
 As the population of the northern part of the county increased, 
 the location of the seat of justice at Bethany did not meet general 
 approval, and as early as 1860 the question of removal of the same to 
 a point nearer the geographical center began to be discussed. No 
 definite action was taken in regard to the matter, however, until the 
 year 1870, at which time a petition signed by a large number of citi- 
 zens in the central and northern parts of the county was presented to 
 the county court, praying that the proposition for removal be submit- 
 ted to a direct vote of the people. In accordance with the law relat- 
 
254 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 ing to such petitions the court at the October term, 1870, entered the 
 following order: 
 
 Whereas, It appearing to the county court within and for Harrison County 
 in the State of Missouri that at least one-fourth of the legal voters of said 
 county have this day submitted a petition to the county court of said county in 
 words and figures following, to wit: 
 To the Honorable County Court for Harrison County, State of Missouri: 
 
 We, the undersigned, legal voters of Harrison County, Slate of Missouri, 
 respectfully petition your honorable body for a removal of the seat of justice 
 of said county from Bethany, in said county, to the geographical center of 
 said count3', and for an order submitting a proposition for such removal to be 
 voted upon b.y the voters of said county at the next general election, to be held 
 the 8th day of November, 1870, and for such other orders and proceedings in such 
 case as the law directs. 
 
 It is therefore ordered by the county court of said county of Harrison, in 
 the State of Missouri, that at the next general election in said county, to be held 
 on Tuesday, the 8th day of November, 1870, at the usual places of voting in 
 said county, the proposition to remove the seat of justice of said county of Har- 
 rison, from the city of Bethany, in said count}', to the geographical center of 
 said county, the place named in the petition, be submitted to the qualified voters 
 of said county. 
 
 Pending the election the friends of removal put forth all their 
 efforts in behalf of the measure, while those opposed made a deter- 
 mined fight to keep the county seat at the original location. The 
 election was held in November, 1870, with the following result by 
 townships : 
 
 For removal. Against removal. 
 
 Union Township 181 1 
 
 Bethany Township 39 346 
 
 Cypress Township 4 163 
 
 Sugar Creek Township 160 
 
 Trail Creek Township 93 56 
 
 Madison Township 125 13 
 
 Clay Township 116 3 
 
 Marion Township 1G8 180 
 
 Lincoln Township 54 5 
 
 Washington Township 43 3 
 
 Dallas Township 33 33 
 
 White Oak Township 3 89 
 
 Butler Township 98 
 
 Failing to obtain the necessary two-thirds majority the friends 
 of removal were reluctantly compelled to acknowledge their defeat. 
 The destruction of the courthouse in 1873 served to revive the 
 controversy, and in January, 1874, a large meeting was held at Eagle- 
 ville to take measures against the building of a new house and decide 
 upon a location for a new county seat. A committee was appointed to 
 circulate petitions asking the court to grant another vote upon the 
 proposition, and in the meantime subscriptions to the amount of $3,000 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 255 
 
 were raised to help defray the expense of erecting the necessary pub- 
 lic building, provided the removal was effected. A site for a county 
 seat was decided upon — the town of Lorraine, which was sur- 
 veyed into lots, and the same offered gratuitously to any persons who 
 would erect thereon buildings to cost at least $250. To counteract 
 these movements the citizens of Bethany raised by subscription the 
 sum of about $10,000 and redoubled their diligence to secure the 
 rebuilding of the courthouse. 
 
 The petition asking that the proposition be submitted to the people 
 of the county was signed by 1,850 voters. Accordingly the court 
 ordered an election to be held on Tuesday, November 3, 1870. The 
 election was held accordingly, with a majority in favor of removal, but 
 not the requisite two-thirds. The vote was as follows : For removal, 
 1,508; against removal, 1,159. 
 
 Thus the matter of changing the seat of justice was effectually 
 settled, although a third attempt was made at the general election of 
 1880, at which time LoiTaine was again a competitor. The vote 
 that year stood as follows: For removal 1,310; against removal, 
 2,347. 
 
 COURTS AND BENCH and BAR. 
 
 Circuit Court. — Hon. Austin A. King, judge of the tifth judicial 
 circuit of Missouri, on the 23d of April, 1846, at the town of 
 Bethany, organized and held the first circuit court in Harrison 
 County. There were present upon the occasion besides his Honor, the 
 Judge, the following officials: George W. Dunn, circuit attorney; 
 John W. Brown, sheriff, and John S. Allen, deputy clerk. On motion 
 of George W. Dunn, Philip L. Edwards, Charles E. Bowman, George 
 W. Poage and Moses Simonds, all being duly licensed according to 
 law, were admitted to practice as counselors and attorneys at law and 
 solicitors in chancery. The first business was the return of a State 
 writ of venire facias by the sheriff, executed upon Eli McDaniel, James 
 Mitchell, Jacob A. Brown, Thomas Dunkerson, David Harris, Thomas 
 Brown, Samuel Alley, Lorenzo D. Thompson, William Hamblin, 
 Heniy Fuller, Thomas Hutchins, Edward L. Ellis, Elkanah Glover, 
 James A. Dale and Charles L. Jennings, "fifteen good and lawful 
 men of the county of Harrison aforesaid, as a grand jury, and the 
 said Eli McDaniel as foreman, and his fellow jurors, aforesaid, being 
 duly empowered, sworn and charged as a grand jury of the State of 
 Missouri for the county of Harrison aforesaid, retired to consider their 
 presentments." The first suit filed was a case on appeal from a 
 justice court, in what was then North Township, William Lauder- 
 
256 HISTORY OF HARKISOK COUNTY. 
 
 back vs. George Williams. Briefly stated, the history of this case as 
 tried before Henry Fuller, justice of the peace, is as follows: It 
 appears that the said George Williams, for some cause, committed the 
 flagrant act of killing a canine belonging to the said Lauderback, 
 whereupon the latter brought suit for damages, trespass, etc. , as 
 shown by the following bill of complaint: 
 
 George Williams to William Lauderback, debt and damage $2.5.00. ten 
 dollars for killing one dog, and ten dollars damage for killing one dog, and ten 
 dollars damage for killing one dog and wounding one other dog and for tres- 
 passing on my property. 
 
 William Lauderback. 
 
 The above bill of charges was filed April 30, 1845, and on the 13th 
 day of the succeeding month the trial took place before a jury com- 
 posed of the following yeomen, to wit: Abraham Ensley, Elkanah 
 Glover, Allen Hubbard, James Eamey and Shepherd Hunter. The 
 trial excited no little interest in the community, and nearly all the 
 citizens of the neighborhood were subpoenaed as witnesses. The 
 defense was ably conducted by Elder John S. Allen, but despite all 
 his efPorts in behalf of his client, the plaintifp by solemn oath as well 
 as by the testimony of several reputable witnesses, established 
 beyond a reasonable doubt the ' ' good character ' ' of the murdered 
 canine, besides proving the killing to have "been without just cause 
 or provocation." The jury, after carefully weighing all the evidence 
 of the case, agreed upon the following decision: 
 
 AVe as jurors dew fine virdick in favor of the plantif five dollers dam- 
 age and costs. A. B. Enslet, Foreman. 
 
 The plaintiff, feeling aggrieved by this verdict, and thinking justice 
 had not been accorded him in the trial, filed the following appeal to 
 the circuit court: 
 
 You will take notis that I have taken an appeal from the judgment of Henry 
 Fuller, Esq., obtained against me in your favor in an action of debt, damage 
 and trespass, on the 13th day of May, 184.5, to the circuit court of Harrison 
 County, to be held on Thursday after the third Monday in April, 184.5, it being 
 the 23d day of the month. 
 
 George Williams, Defendant. 
 Charles M. Scott, Security. 
 
 In the circuit court the plaintiff filed his motion to dismiss the 
 appeal on account of the insufficiency of the security for the appeal, 
 which was overruled by the judge. ' ' The defendant files his motion 
 to dismiss the plaintiff's suit, which motion being heard by the court 
 is sustained. " " It is therefore ordered that the suit be dismissed, 
 and that the said defendant recover of the said plaintiff his cost, as 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 257 
 
 well iu this coui't as in the justice's court below in his behalf expended, 
 and that he have execution therefor." 
 
 The next cases on docket were Ansel Terry vs. Samson Alley, in 
 "assumsit," and James R. Timmons and John D. Timmons t's. Na- 
 than Spencer, ejectment, the former continued, and the latter dis- 
 missed at cost of plaintiff. The grand jury returned into court the 
 following indictments, "endorsed true bills and signed by the fore- 
 man, to wit: The State of Missouri against John Murphey, Jonas Cas- 
 ner, Benjamin Casner, Charles Hauk, John Taylor and Harvey Taylor 
 for a rout;" also the State against Francis Burrill for larceny. John 
 W. Brown presented his account as sheriff for $5. 50, after which, there 
 being no further business, the court adjourned until ' ' court in course. ' ' 
 
 The record of the one day's proceedings, including the opening and 
 adjourning, orders and empaneling of the grand jury, occuj^ies only a 
 little over three pages of the record. 
 
 The grand jury for the October term, 1846, was composed of the 
 following men: Samuel Edmiston, Marshall Howell, Robert Ford, 
 Thomas Daniel, William R. Allen, William Long, Andrew M. Cox, 
 Thomas Jennings, Willis Harper, Abel W^. Allen, Robert Young, 
 Lewis Charlton, Edward Winkle, Hampton Cox and James C. Brown; 
 Samuel Edmiston, foreman. 
 
 The first trial by jury at this term was the State of Missouri against 
 Charles Hauk, indicted at the previous term for instigating and partic- 
 ipating in a " rout ' ' at the town of Bethany. The following are the 
 names of the jurors : Thomas Mitchell, Samuel Cox, George Williams, 
 Joseph Young, George Hamblin, Stephen C. Allen, John Casebolt, 
 Howell Blaketer, Joseph J. Arnold, Thomas Prewett and William 
 Moler, who through their foreman, S. C. Allen, reported the following 
 verdict: "We, the jury, find the defendant guilty as charged, and 
 assess his fine to $5. " " It is therefore ordered that the plaintiff 
 recover the fine of $5 aforesaid, as also costs in this behalf expended, 
 and that she have execution therefor, and also that said defendant 
 stand committed until fine and costs are paid; being in court he is put 
 in the custody of the sheriff." 
 
 The second jury trial was the State against Francis Burrill, in- 
 dicted for larceny at the previous term of court. The following gen- 
 tlemen composed this jury: Stephen C. Allen, James Fuller, A. 
 Thompson, Samson Alley, Michael Fleener, Thomas Tucker, William 
 N. Ford, Joseph Young, Richard Young and Jesse Vail. The ver- 
 dict was ' ' We, the jury, find in Faviour of the defendant. ' ' 
 
 The grand jury at this term returned indictments against the fol- 
 
258 HI8T0KY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 lowing persons: Simon Burgin, for peddling clocks without license; 
 John Hall, for assault with intent to commit manslaiighter; John Vail, 
 selling liqnor without license; Francis B. Miller, John A. Scott and 
 Alleu Scott, for trading with the Indians. 
 
 The case of Ansel Terry fs. Samson Alley, continued from the 
 first term, was disposed of b}' the court in favor of the plaintiflF, and 
 damages assessed to the amount of $181. 
 
 At the March term, 1847, the following attorneys and counselors 
 were admitted to practice in the coui-ts of HaiTison County: Philip 
 L. Edwards, Volney E. Bragg and Thomas L. Frame. 
 
 The following served as grand jui'ors at this term : Asaph M. But- 
 ler, foreman; Reuben D. Tilley, Thomas Taylor, "William Oxford, 
 John Oatman, George Noah, Jeremiah S. Young, William M. Selby, 
 Elijah Fleming, Matthew Franklin, Joseph Young, Norvall Allcock, 
 Isaac Hamer, Eli Salmon, Major Daniel and William C. Atkinson. 
 They returned indictments against Hill Wortman and Lewis Hunt for 
 "killing," and against Josiah Spurgin for "miu'der." The latter 
 case occasioned a great deal of interest, being the first event of a san- 
 guinary nature that took place in the county. [See article on crimes 
 etc.] 
 
 Simon Burgin, indicted for peddling clocks without license, was 
 tried at this term, and fined the sum of $50, which was subsequently 
 commuted to one day's imprisonment and the costs of the suit. 
 Several other cases of a minor nature were disposed of at this term, 
 and the record also shows that Nathan Spencer and Cornelius Mur- 
 phey were each fined $5 for contempt of court. The grand jury at the 
 September term, 1847, was made up of the following citizens : Charles 
 L. Jennings, David Garton, Andrew J. Smith, Thomas Tucker, Chris- 
 topher Bussing, Robert Bullington, John Jones, Jonathan Booth, 
 William W. Harper, James Ramey, Kader Madden, George Williams, 
 William H. Bender, Thomas M. Geer, William Hunter and Benjamin 
 Ashley. There were quite a number of indictments at this term, 
 among which were the following: against Richard Wills, James John 
 son, Travis Johnson, William Johnson and Jeremiah Spurgeon "for 
 disturbing the peace of a family in the night;" against Richard Wells 
 " for felonious assault;" William Cummins, for aiding the escape of 
 a prisoner; James Johnson and Travis Johnson each for assault. 
 
 At the May term, 1848, the following grand jurors were empaneled: 
 J. C. Brown, David Buck, Samuel Alley, William C. Allen, Aaron 
 England, George W. Noah, Shepherd Hulse, L. W. H. Cox, Eli Mc- 
 Daniel, Matthew L. Franklin, William Mitchell, Thomas Brown, E. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 259 
 
 L. Ellis, James Mitchell and Samuel O. Jennings. Indictments were 
 returned by them against Elijah Williams for trespassing on school 
 lands; Elisha Meeker for unlawfully taking up strays: Lewis Hunt, 
 Armstead Pait, Francis Buirill and John "VV. Casebolt, each for 
 betting. 
 
 The first suit for divorce was tried at the March term, 1850, at 
 which time Benjamin Mitchell was released fi'om the bonds which 
 bound him and his wife, Nancy Mitchell. The next case of the same 
 kind was Joel H. Worthington vs. Sarah Worthington, heard at the 
 March term, 1854. "Willis Harper was granted a legal separation 
 from his wife, Ellen Harper, at the same term. 
 
 • The first foreigner naturalized in Harrison County was William 
 Hall, a native of England, who came to the United States in 1848, and 
 to Missouri in 1851. He renounced his allegiance to his native country, 
 and became a citizen of the American Republic at the March term of 
 the Harrison circuit court, 1853. 
 
 Probate Court. — The probate court of Han'ison County was estab- 
 lished November 7, 1853, Hon. William G. Lewis, judge. Prior to 
 that time, all probate business was disposed of in the county court. 
 The first proceedings of the court after its organization were in the 
 case of Anna Endsley vs. Gibson Endsley, administrator of Samuel 
 Endsley, deceased. These proceedings as shown by the record were as 
 follows : 
 
 Now at this day comes the parties by their attorneys, and the said plaiuliff 
 makes application to the court as the widow of Samuel Endsley, deceased, for 
 an order compelling said administrator to pay her as such widow, the money 
 allowed her by law in lieu of personal propert3''allowed to her at the appraised 
 value of |200. Whereupon the court after hearing the allegations and proofs of 
 the said parties, orders that Gibson Endsley, administrator of the estate of 
 Samuel Endsley, deceased, pay to Anna Endsley, widow of said deceased, the 
 sum of $89,9.5. when collected, that being the amount of said sales of the personal 
 property of said deceased. 
 
 Following the above upon the record appears an application of 
 Jacob Oxford, administrator of the estate of William Oxford, deceased, 
 for permission to sell personal property, etc., at private sale, " and the 
 court being satisfied that such sale will not be prejudicial to persons 
 interested in said estate, orders that the administrator sell at private 
 sale all property of said estate at such time as he may see fit and prop- 
 er. " The next business was the allowing of a note of $45. 21 against the 
 estate of Aaron England, in favor of Benjamin C. Powell and Jonathan 
 Levy, together with interest upon the same and costs of allowance. 
 William G. Lewis served as probate judge until 1857, at which time 
 J. H. Phillibaum was elected to the position. His successor was D. J. 
 
^60 HISTORY OF HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 HeastoQ, whose term of service expired in 1862. The names of other 
 judges of the court will be found in the official directory, on another 
 page. 
 
 Bench and Bar. — As already noted, the first term of the Harrison 
 County circuit court was held on the 23d of AprU. 1846, by Hon. 
 Austin A. King, judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Missouri. The 
 eminent character of Judge King requires more than a passing men- 
 tion; in fact a sketch of the early courts and bar of Harrison County 
 would be incomplete without an extended notice of him and his many 
 public services. As a lawyer and judge he has left a record that time 
 can not efface, and it is but fitting that ample mention be made of 
 him in connection with the bench and bar of Han-ison County. Judge 
 King was a native of East Tennessee, and came to Missouri in 1828, 
 locating in Columbia, Boone County, where he began the practice of 
 the legal profession. He soon took high rank among the ablest law- 
 yers of that part of the State, and entering politics was elected repre- 
 sentative in the Legislature of Missouri about the year 1836. He 
 became a prominent leader of the Democratic party while a resident 
 of Boone County, and, at the expiration of his term in the Legislature, 
 was appointed by the Governor judge of the fifth judicial circuit, the 
 duties of which position he discharged in an eminently creditable 
 manner until the fall of 1848. In 1837 he moved to Ray County, 
 where he resided until his death, in 1870. He possessed a strong, 
 vigorous intellect, was well read in the elementary principles of the 
 law, and familiar with the leading adjudicated cases of his time. He 
 was industrious and indefatigable, and had a strong love of justice 
 and right. As a judge he enjoyed the confidence and esteem not only 
 of the bar but of the people of the circuit. In 1848 he became his 
 party's candidate for Governor, and after an exciting campaign was 
 elected by a larger majority than any man had previously received for 
 that office. His administration was eminently satisfactory, though 
 marked by a peculiarly strong period in the political history of the 
 State. At the close of his term he resumed the practice in his old 
 circuit, and as long as he continued in the profession enjoyed a large 
 and lucrative business. In 1864 he was elected representative in the 
 United States Congress, and took an active part in the deliberations of 
 that body. He was a man of strong, political views, an ardent parti- 
 san, but all conceded his integrity, fairness and great ability. He 
 was a logical speaker, close reasoner, and rarely failed to convince 
 either court or jury of the correctness of his views and the rightful 
 claims of his case, whether civil or criminal. He held court in Harri- 
 son County from 1846 until the fall term of 1848. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 261 
 
 The successor of Judge Kiug was Hon. George W. Dunn, of Ray 
 County, who came upon the bench of the fifth judicial circuit in the 
 fall of 1848. He held court for the first time in Harrison County at 
 the March term, 1849, and is remembered as a profound lawyer, and 
 a most excellent judge, being popular alike with members of the bar 
 and litigants. Prior to his election to the judgeship Mr. Dunn had 
 served as circuit attorney, and made a record while in that office which 
 placed him high among the successful practitioners of Northern Mis- 
 soui'i. As a judge he was methodical in the transaction of all court 
 business, clear and pointed in the enunciation of his decisions, but 
 few of which ever justified reversal at the hands of the supreme court. 
 He served as judge from 1849 until 1859, retiring from the office the 
 latter year, and resiiming the practice of his profession in Ray County, 
 where he still resides. 
 
 Following Judge Dunn came Hon. James McFerran, who was 
 elected in the fall of 1859. Mr. McFerran was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and an early resident of Daviess County, Mo. , where he prac- 
 ticed the legal profession a number of years before his election to the 
 judgeship. While not so profound in the principles of law as his 
 predecessor, he, nevertheless, possessed a strong legal mind, and his 
 judicial service was eminently satisfactory to all who had business to 
 transact while he occupied the bench. Firm and conscientious he dis- 
 charged the duties of his position with impartiality, and always com- 
 manded the respect of those who honestly differed with him politically 
 or otherwise. In his public acts a sense of duty accompanied him, 
 and disregarding all selfish and personal considerations he unflinch- 
 ingly obeyed its behests. In the summer of 1862, when the dark war 
 cloud obscured the horizon, he stood prominent among the fi'iends of 
 the Union, and entering the army as colonel did gallant service for 
 the National cause. 
 
 Hon. Jonas J. Clark, the foiu'th judge in order of succession, as such 
 came td the bench in the fall of 1863. He was a resident of Chilli- 
 cothe, where for some years before his election to the bench he was 
 engaged in the practice of his profession. Judge Clark possessed a 
 discriminating mind, was well posted in the subtleties of jurispru- 
 dence, but is said to have been somewhat dilatory in the transaction 
 of court business. He was also a man of some eccentricities and 
 strong political bias, facts which made him unpopular with a certain 
 class of lawyers and litigants. His record while on the bench was 
 quite creditable, and no one ever called in question his honor and rec- 
 titude. He was judge fi'om 1863 until the fall of 1871. 
 
262 HISTOEY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 Samuel A. Eichardson, of Gallatin, Daviess County, was elected 
 to the judgeship in 1872, and discharged the duties of the position in 
 a manner highly satisfactory to all concerned until 1880. He came to 
 the bench fortified with the experience of a long and varied practice, 
 and soon earned the reputation of an energetic and impartial judge, 
 possessing courage to act as duty prompted and as his reason guided. 
 His natural abilities were of a high order, his knowledge of the pro- 
 fession was profound, while his reputation for candor and honesty, 
 coupled with a clear sense of justice, won for him a name and fame 
 untarnished by a single unworthy act. He was an excellent lawyer in 
 all branches of the profession, but excelled, perhaps, in criminal prac- 
 tice, being a strong and forcible advocate before a jury. As judge he 
 was accommodating and generous, but withal, expeditious in the 
 transaction of business, and firm in his treatment of criminals whose 
 guilt justifibd a conviction. He was also strict in maintaining the 
 dignity of the coiu-t, and by his action in this respect incurred the ill 
 will of certain persons who entertained but slight regard for the 
 ' ' august ' ' proceedings of a temple of justice. 
 
 At the expiration of his official term ho resumed the practice, and 
 C9ntinued it with success iintil his death, which oceiuTed in ISSi at 
 Gallatin. 
 
 Conspicuous among the distinguished members of the Harrison 
 County bar was John C. Howell, the immediate successor of Judge 
 Eichardson, elected to the bench in 1880. Mr. Howell was educated 
 at Bethany College, West Virginia, and early prepared himself for the 
 ministry, but, aside from preaching for a limited period, never entered 
 upon the active duties of that calling. He came to Bethany fi-om 
 Gentry County, Mo., about the year 1863, and for some time there- 
 after was prominently identified -n-ith the educational interests of the 
 city as principal of the high school. He subsequently began the study 
 of law with D. J. Heaston, under whose instruction he continued until 
 becoming familiar with the principles of the profession, when he 
 entered iipon the active practice of the same in the courts of Harrison 
 and adjoining counties. He at once took high rank among his pro- 
 fessional brethren of the Bethany bar, and during his period of prac- 
 tice earned the reputation of an excellent judge of the law, a safe coun- 
 selor, and a faithful and conscientious attorney. He was a brilliant 
 speaker, and especially powerful before a jury, and in criminal cases 
 had few equals at the Harrison County bar. Strength of mind and 
 purity of purpose were his leading traits. In his profession these 
 made him popular with the people, and in the confidence and esteem 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 263 
 
 of his professional associates no&e occupied a more prominent place. 
 In that branch of tlie law practice that sometimes requires scheming 
 and cunning diplomacy, he was neither great or successful; a proof 
 that his nature was faithful and just, and that the integrity of his 
 mind was better adapted to the equity of courts. 
 
 As a judge Mr. Howell will long be remembered as one of the 
 most painstaking and conscientious men who ever occupied the bench, 
 and as a citizen and refined Christian gentleman his name will lose 
 none of its luster in the years to come. He died before the expiration 
 of his official term, in 1882. 
 
 Charles H. S. Goodman, of Albany, Mo., the present incumbent, 
 was appointed to fill the unexpired term of Judge Howell, and at 
 the ensuing election was chosen to the position by the voice of the 
 people. Judge Goodman possesses fine legal abilities, and has already 
 gained an enviable repiitation for the incorruptibility that insures 
 pvu'ity and justice in the administration of the law. His judgments are 
 distinctly marked with impartiality and even-handed justice, and but 
 few of his decisions have met with reversal at the hands of the higher 
 court. He is popular both with attorneys and litigants, expeditious 
 in the transaction of business, and, by his demeanor, impresses upon 
 all the dignity of the court. 
 
 Attorneys. — The early judiciary of Missouri was marked as fiir- 
 nishing a high order of talent, in fact as large-minded men as are to 
 be foiind in the early political history of the State. Many of these 
 early jurists will take their place in history as among the country's 
 best men. They mingled with the people, assisting, advising and 
 counseling them for their own good and benefit. They forecast and 
 laid well the superstructure of the civil polity of the State, and in 
 looking into the imperfect record of their lives, the student of history 
 it impressed with the fact that here indeed was Missouri favoVed and 
 fortiinate. 
 
 At the time of the organization of Harrison County there were no 
 resident lawyers here. The legal machinery had all been put in work- 
 ing order, and set in motion by the time the legal " circuit riders " 
 came to gladden the hearts of the people with their dignified and 
 august presence. At the first term of the circuit court Philip L. 
 Edwards, Charles E. Bowman, George W. Poage and Moses Simonds 
 were licensed ' ' to practice as counselors and attorneys at law and 
 solicitors in chancery," and at the March term, 1847, Philip L. Ed- 
 wards, Volney E. Bragg and Thomas L. Frame were formally admit- 
 ted to the bar of Harrison County. Of the abdve attorneys but little 
 
264 HISTOEY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 is now known, and it does not appear that they ever achieved any 
 prominence as practitioners in this county. 
 
 William G. Lewis, one of the pioneer lawyers of Harrison County 
 and the first resident attornej' of Bethany, was a native of Greenbrier 
 County, Va. , born on the 9th of December, 1826. In 1833 he moved 
 with his father to Indiana, and in 1850 came to Missouri, and the year 
 following began the practice of the legal profession at Bethany, Har- 
 rison County. lu many respects Mr. Lewis was a noted man. He 
 was a landmark in the times in which he lived, and few possessed 
 more noble and generous qualities. He was well read in the princi- 
 ples of law, thoroughly familiar with the details and technicalities of 
 the practice, and rapidly gained a lucrative business, which steadily 
 increased until the time of his death. A high character for personal 
 and professional integrity distinguished his life and marked his career 
 as a safe and reliable counselor, an able lawyer and a polished Chris- 
 tian gentleman. Mr. Lewis was widely and favorably known through- 
 out Harrison and neighboring counties, and into his hands was 
 intrusted the greater part of the legal business of the county during 
 the first few years of his practice. As a judge of the law he had few 
 if any equals at the county bar, and as a practitioner was a model of 
 professional decorum. As a speaker he was clear, calm and concise, 
 never eloquent or ornate, in fact did not excel in the art of popular 
 oratory. He was essentially a general practitioner, and as such 
 ranked with the most successful lawyers of this part of Missouri. He 
 was elected probate judge in 1853, and served in that capacity until 
 1857, and from 1859 until 1862 was circuit attorney of the Seventeenth 
 Judicial District. In matters of religion Mr. Lewis took an active 
 interest, and was the chief promoter of the Cumberland Presbyterian 
 Church of Bethany and one of its ruling elders. It is said that 
 after giving legal advice in his office, which was generally safe, he 
 would introduce the subject of religion, present its claims, and advise 
 men to become religious. The death of this excellent man occuiTed 
 on the 18th of February, 1869. Appropriate resolutions were pre- 
 sented by the Bethany bar upon the occasion, among which were the 
 following: 
 
 ■Where.^s, in the dispensation of an all-wise and beneficent Providence, Will- 
 iam G. Lewis, an lionored member of our bar, has recently been stricken down 
 in the prime of manhood by the ruthless hand of death; therefore 
 
 Re.mlred, That in his death we recognize the loss of a member whose char- 
 acter for lejial attainments, for prol)!!}', for large benevolence and phihinthropy, 
 for purity of life and piety, made him an ornament to our profession. 
 
 Uesoked, That his courtesy, strict moral integrity, and many other virtues 
 as a lawyer and a man, are well worthy of imitation. 
 
STATE OF MISSODKI. 265 
 
 Resolved, That we take pride in his cliaracter as an indefatigable proof that 
 the successful practice of our profession is not inconsistent with honesty and 
 purity of life. 
 
 John R. Morledge was an early practitioner of the Harrison 
 County bar, but of his legal attainments and professional ability but 
 little is now known. He came to Bethany about 1857, and after 
 remaining a few years went to Bedford, Iowa. He appears to have 
 been fairly successful, but did not gain much of a reputation on 
 account of there being comparatively little legal business among the 
 honest yeomanry of the land in those days. 
 
 H. P. Edmiston, an early settler of the county, read law in the 
 office of William G. Lewis, and was admitted to the bar about the 
 year 1856 or 1857. He was a young man of good ability, and had he 
 lived would doubtless have made an honorable record in the profes- 
 sion. He died about one year after engaging in the practice. 
 
 John H. Phillibaum was a native of Ohio, and among the early 
 comers to Harrison County. Having early determined to make the 
 legal profession his life work, he entered upon the study of the same 
 under the instruction of William G. Lewis, and aboiit the year 1858 
 was licensed to practice. In the meantime (1857) he was elected 
 judge of the probate court, in which capacity he served until 1861. 
 He gained only a nominal legal practice, and for some years made a 
 specialty of the real estate and abstract business, in which he was 
 fairly successful. His death occurred in Bethany a few years ago. 
 
 Orrin Lee Abbott came to Bethany from Ohio about the year 1857, 
 and a short time thereafter began the practice of the legal profession 
 in Harrison County. He had a fair knowledge of legal jurisprudence, 
 possessed the tact of expressing himself forcibly before a jury, and 
 diu'ing his nine years' practice succeeded in building up a fairly suc- 
 cessful business. He went to California about the year 1865. 
 
 Thomas J. Brady came to Bethany in August, 1859, and practiced 
 law in this county about one year. Shortly after coming to Bethany 
 he formed a partnership with D. J. Heaston under the firm name of 
 Heaston & Brady. He was then a young man of more than ordinary 
 ability, and gave promise of becoming an eminent lawyer. His sub- 
 sequent reputation requires more than a passing notice. He 
 was born in Delaware County, Ind., about the year 1836. In 1855 
 he entered Asbury University at Greeneastle, Ind., where he was 
 a classmate with D. J. Heaston. After leaving college these young 
 men went west, and accidentally met at Bethany, where they formed 
 a partnership, as above stated. Mr. Brady being of a restless dis- 
 
266 HISTORY OF HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 position did not remain at Bethany quite a year, when he returned 
 to Indiana. When the war broke out he entered the army, and 
 was made colonel. After the war he entered jovu-nalism, and for 
 several years published a paper at Muncie, Ind., displaying consider- 
 able ability as an editor and politician. He was made chairman of the 
 State Republican Committee in Indiana, and in 1876 was one of the 
 " visiting statesmen " to Florida. During Grant's administration 
 he was minister to San Domingo, and under Hayes he was made 
 second assistant postmaster-general. It was under his management 
 that the vast frauds in reference to the ' ' Star Route Mail Service ' ' in 
 the west grew to such proportions. Mr. Brady, Mr. Dorsey and 
 several others were indicted in the United States court at Washington 
 for fraudulent practices, but after a long and celebrated trial they 
 were acquitted by a juiy. It was reported that Brady had accumu- 
 lated great wealth, at one time being reported worth $1,000,000; this 
 was no doubt greatly exaggerated, but whatever means he had were 
 nearly all exhausted in the trials he had to defend, and it is now 
 stated that he has but little means left. 
 
 William F. Miller came from Livingston County, Mo., about the 
 year 1859, and was engaged in the practice at Bethany about two 
 years. He had formerly practiced in Livingston County, and after 
 locating in Bethany made real estate and land litigation a specialty. 
 He entered the Confederate service in 1801, and at the close of the 
 war returned to his former county, and resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession . 
 
 John Wyatt, a partner with Mr. Miller, came to Bethany about 
 1859, and soon succeeded in working up a lucrative business, esf)ecially 
 in the criminal practice. He possessed more than average legal abili- 
 ties, and but for failing health would doubtless have made a credita- 
 ble record in the profession. In 1860 he was elected school commis- 
 sioner of Harrison County, and the following year abandoned the 
 legal business and went back to Livingston County. 
 
 George W. El well was an early resident of Bethany, but did 
 not read law until after the close of the war. He came to the county 
 as a minister of the Methodist Church, and in 18G1 entered the army 
 as captain. After his admission to the bar he was elected a member 
 of the State Senate, in the deliberations of which body he took an 
 active part. He began the practice of his profession under many 
 favorable circumstances, and was a young man of good character and 
 much more than ordinary intelligence and legal ability. Failing health 
 compelled him to abandon the practice. His death occurred about 
 the year 1869 or 1870. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 267 
 
 Thomas D. Neal. The name of but few men, living or dead, 
 will excite in the people of Bethany and Harrison County a more 
 pleasant remembrance than that of T. D. Neal. He was a native of 
 Kentucky, came to Harrison County a short time prior to the late Civil 
 War. and for some years followed the profession of school teaching. 
 In 1861 he entered the Federal army as a member of Merrill's cele- 
 brated cavah-y regiment, and, after serving with distinction through- 
 out the entire struggle, returned to Bethany, and entered the tield of 
 journalism as editor and proprietor of the Bethany Tribune, the 
 Republican organ of Harrison County. He was a trenchant writer, 
 an able politician and decided partisan, and soon became the 
 acknowledged leader of his party in Harrison. In about the year 
 1866 he began the study of law, in the office of D. S. Alvord, and 
 after his admission to the bar effected a copartnership with his pre- 
 ceptor, which was continued for some time. He was elected probate 
 judge in 1866, served in the Legislature from 1868 to 1872, and filled 
 the office of prosecuting attorney for four years. Mr. Neal was a 
 good lawyer in all branches of the profession, and was especially apt 
 in the management of cases before a jury. He was also a fine special 
 pleader, quick to detect faults in the pleading of opposing counsel, 
 and his familiarity with legal technicalities won for him an extensive 
 and lucrative practice. While he ranked well among the lavsryers of 
 the Bethany bar, it was as a politician and party leader that he will 
 be remembered by the people of Harrison County. He died at his 
 home in Bethany in 1883. 
 
 James McCollum, a native of Harrison County, and son of 
 one of its oldest and most reliable citizens, read law in the office of 
 Judge John C. Howell, and was licensed to practice about the year 
 1868 or 1869. He was a young man of studious habits, possessed 
 good legal ability, and for a period of five or six years did a general 
 practice in the courts of Harrison and other counties. He went to 
 Joplin, Mo. , several years ago, and subsequently located in Kansas 
 City, where he now resides in the practice of his profession. 
 
 Andrew Fawcett read law in his native State (New York), and in 
 1870 came to Bethany and effected a partnership in the practice with 
 D. S. Alvord. Mr. Fawcett had a profound knowledge of legal 
 science, and in all matters pertaining to real estate and land litigation 
 was consulted as an authority. He was an excellent office lawyer, 
 careful and methodical in the preparation of all legal papers, and the 
 confidence reposed in his judgment was never misplaced. His supe- 
 rior qualifications to become distinguished in professional life were 
 
268 HISTORY OF HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 impaired somewhat by his modesty, which rendered him averse to 
 anything like demonstration in his profession. He led a singulai'ly 
 pui'e and honorable life, and died unusually esteemed and beloved by 
 all who knew him in September, 1879. 
 
 J. Frank Ward was a native of Ohio, but came to Harrison 
 County in 1877 from Kansas, in which State he had formerly 
 figured as a local politician. His legal attainments were average, but 
 not being aggressive he failed to secure a remunerative practice, his 
 business having been confined principally to justice comis. He pub- 
 lished a small local paper at Eagleville for some time, and in 1885 
 retui'ned to Kansas, where he now resides. 
 
 Oscar Butler, son of Judge Asaph M. Butler, was born and raised 
 in HaiTison County. He commenced the study of law with Thomas 
 D. Neal, was admitted to the bar in 1878, and after practicing two 
 years entered into partnership with D. J. Heaston, under the firm 
 name of Heaston & Butler. He was elected prosecuting attorney in 
 1884, and discharged the duties of that office in a manner that elicited 
 praise from the older and more experienced members of the bar. Mr. 
 Butler was a young man of most excellent moral character, and by his 
 diligent application to his profession gave promise of a bright and 
 useful futui'e. His career was cut short, however, death having 
 claimed him for a victim in 1886. 
 
 S. W. Leslie came to Bethany in 1880 from Maryville, Mo., in 
 which city he had formerly been engaged in the practice. He was 
 well posted in the underlying principles of the profession, earned the 
 reputation of a good advocate, and for a period of about four years 
 did a fairly remunerative business in the courts of Harrison County. 
 He later went to Kingman, Kas. , in which city he was recently ap- 
 pointed judge. 
 
 G. W. Cooper began practicing law in Bethany about the year 
 1880. He came to HaiTison County from the city of Kirksville, and 
 ■was for some time engaged in the practice, in partnership with Gen. 
 B. M. Prentiss. He earned the reputation of a fair criminal lawyer, 
 but, resorting to practices not considered as reputable, soon became 
 unpopular with his professional associates of the Bethany bar. He 
 was thoroughly aggressive, would fight hard for a client, and acquired 
 considerable notoriety as what one is pleased to term " a police law- 
 yer." He left Bethany in 1883, and located in Sioux City, Iowa. 
 
 C. A. Winslow was born in Virginia, but raised in Harrison 
 County, Mo. He read law in the office of D. S. Alvord, was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1880, and practiced in Bethany for a period of about 
 
STATE OP MISSOUBI. 269 
 
 six years, in connection with the real estate and loan business. He 
 was aggressive in the profession, a good sttident, and stood well in 
 the confidence and esteem of the people. He moved to Marion, Kas., 
 in 1886. 
 
 J. W. Vandivert was born in Ohio, and came to Harrison County, 
 in early youth. He entered upon the study of the legal profession 
 with D. S. Alvord in 1874, and in 1875 was formally admitted to 
 practice at the Bethany bar. He was a young man of excellent 
 character, and possessed a mental organization of fine texture, which 
 eminently fitted him for a high rank in the legal profession. He 
 became well versed in the law, and but for his early death would have 
 made his mark in his chosen calling. He died in the year 1879. 
 
 Samuel W. Vandivert, brother of the preceding, read law in 
 Bethany, gi-aduated from the Michigan University at Ann Ai'bor, and 
 began t he practice in 1877. As a lawyer Mr. Vandivert is positive in his 
 position, when taken, and excels, perhaps, in the criminal practice. 
 He is a good advocate and his addresses before a jury are always 
 clear, logical, and frequently eloquent. He located in Kinsley, Kas., 
 in 1885, where he now enjoys a large and lucrative business. 
 
 W. S. McCray became a resident of Bethany in 1880, and pre- 
 pared for the legal profession by a course of reading in the office of 
 D. S. Alvord. He possesses average legal ability, and practiced at 
 the Harrison County bar for about two or three years. He is at this 
 time a resident of Kansas. 
 
 A. R. Brown, of Harrison County, read law at the town of Eagle- 
 ville, and was licensed to practice about the year 1877. He was only 
 moderately successful in the profession, his legal business having been 
 confined principally to matters adjudicated in the justice courts. In 
 1882 he moved to Dakota, where he was subsequently elected prose- 
 cuting attorney. 
 
 J. W. Boyle came to Harrison County from Iowa about the year 
 1880. He had j)reviously practiced the legal profession in that State 
 and Dakota. He had a good knowledge qf the law, but did not suc- 
 ceed in securing a very lucrative practice while a resident of Harrison 
 County. He moved to Texas in 1884. 
 
 Among the prominent non-resident lawyers who have practiced in 
 the circuit coiu-t of Harrison County from time to time is John H. 
 Shanklin, of Trenton, Mo., a man of high legal distinction in North- 
 west Missouri. Mi-. Shanklin' s reputation as a successful criminal 
 lawyer is second to that of no other attorney in the northern part of the 
 State, and he is frequently retained as counsel in important cases in 
 
270 HISTOEY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 distant counties. He is a master spirit before a jiuy, and seldom fails 
 by clear reasoning, strong argument, and fervid eloquence, to make a 
 favorable impression in favor cif his client. He is essentially a law- 
 yer and thoroughly familiar with all branches of the profession. He 
 was a member of the constitutional conventions of 1861 and 1875. 
 
 Jacob T. Tindall. of Gentiy County, Mo., practiced in the courts 
 of Harrison County from time to time before the war. He was a pro- 
 found lawyer, a popular advocate, and stood in the front among the 
 legal men of Northwest Missouri. He entered the Federal service in 
 1861 as colonel of the Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, and was killed 
 at the head of his regiment at the battle of Shiloh. 
 
 George W. Lewis, of Albany, has practiced on this ch'cuit ever 
 since about the year 1847, and is now one of the oldest attorneys in the 
 northern part of the State. He has been a practitioner of prominence 
 among his professional associates for many years, and as a lawyer en- 
 joys a reputation much more than local. He still resides at Albany, 
 but has retired from the active duties of his profession. 
 
 William M. Rush, formerly of Daviess County, now of St. Joseph, 
 is well known in the circuit court of Harrison County, having been 
 retained fi'om time to time as counsel in well-known criminal cases. 
 He is a successful practitioner, and is well known in legal circles 
 throughout the State. 
 
 Hon. Mordecai Oliver, ex-secretary of State and member of Congress, 
 practiced in the courts of Harrison County a number of years ago, 
 and is well remembered by the older members of the bar. He ranked 
 among Missouri's leading lawyers and statesmen during the war, and 
 for several years thereafter, and is still a man of prominence where 
 he resides. 
 
 Hon. Silas Woodson, ex-governor, is not unknown in Harrison 
 County, having been called to practice in the courts of the circuit from 
 time to time. Judge Woodson being a man of State reputation needs 
 no especial mention in the history of the bar of Hamson County. 
 
 A. H. Conroe, an early circuit attorney, practiced law in the courts 
 of Harrison County a number of years before the war, and enjoyed 
 the reputation of an able and painstaking counselor. He espoused 
 the cause of Maximilian, late Emperor of Mexico, and shared the fate 
 of that unfortunate monarch, having been shot by order of the Mexi- 
 can authorities at the downfall of the empire. 
 
 Hon. J. W. Alexander, present speaker of the Missouri House of 
 Kepresentatives, practiced for a number of years in the courts of Har- 
 rison County, and is still retained in important cases. He is a sue- 
 
 'i 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 271 
 
 cessful practitioner, a firm lawyer, and one of the representative men 
 of the State. 
 
 Present Bar. — The present bar of Harrison has lost nothing of the 
 high character that distinguished it in the early history of the county. 
 Sketches of its present members will be found in the biographical 
 department, tod anything beyond a mere mention of the dates of their 
 admission to the practice here would be but repetition. 
 
 D. J. Heaston, the oldest resident attorney at this time, read law 
 at Winchester, Ind. , with Judge Smith, and was licensed to practice in 
 that State in 1858. He came to Harrison County the following year, 
 since which time he has been engaged in the active practice of his 
 profession at Bethany. 
 
 D. S. Alvord adopted the legal profession at the age of twenty, 
 and prepared for the same by a course of reading in the office of 
 Messrs. Schofield, Ferris & Manier, at Carthage, 111. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1858, came to Hamson County in 1865, 
 and, with the exception of Col. Heaston, is the oldest practitioner at 
 the Bethany bar. 
 
 William C. Heaston read law with his brother, D. J. Heaston, and 
 was admitted to practice in the coiuts of Harrison County, about the 
 year 1868. 
 
 F. H. Eamer came to Bethany in 1857, read law in 1870-71 with 
 Thomas D. Neal, and was licensed to practice in 1872. 
 
 Joseph F. Bryant read law in Bethany while serving as county 
 clerk, and became a practitioner in 1862. 
 
 John M. Sallee began the study of law in Iowa in 1876, came to 
 Bethany in 1883, and was admitted to the Harrison County bar the 
 same year. 
 
 William H. Skinner, present prosecuting attorney, read law at 
 Clinton, 111. , began the practice in Emporia, Kas. , in 1866, and for 
 some years has practiced in Harrison and adjoining coiTnties. 
 
 George W. Wanamaker read law in Canada, graduated from the 
 University of Michigan, and began the practice of his profession in 
 1876, at Kirksville, Mo. He came to Bethany in 1878, and for some 
 time has been senior member of the law firm of Wanamaker & Barlow. 
 
 A. F. Woodruif studied law in Ohio in 1874, admitted to the bar 
 in Mercer County, Mo., in 1877, and in 1879 came to Bethany, where 
 he has since practiced. He is at this time junior member of the law 
 firm of Alvord & Woodruff. 
 
 James C. Wilson came to Missouri in 1877, read law at Maryville, 
 Nodaway County, with Dawson & Roseberry, and was licensed to 
 
272 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 practice in 1880, at Grant City. He came to Bethany the latter 
 year, and has been an active member of the Harrison bar ever since. 
 
 George W. Barlove, of the fii-m of Wanamaker & Barlov?, is a 
 graduate of the law department of the State University at Columbia. 
 He began the practice of his profession at Bethany in 1879. 
 
 Ezra H. Frisby graduated from the Michigan University, at Ann 
 Arbor, in March, 1883, and began to practice in Bethany in partner- 
 ship with S. W. Vandivert, Esq., of Kinsley, Kas. 
 
 Gen. B. M. Prentiss practiced law for some years in Quincy, HI., 
 and became a member of the Bethany bar in 1880. For the last 
 few years he has devoted but little attention to the profession. 
 
 Prof. J. R. Kirk, superintendent of the city schools of Bethany, 
 studied law at Moulton, Iowa, in the office of J. C. Coad, and received 
 license to practice at Centreville, this State, in 1883. He was 
 admitted to the Harrison County bar in 1885. 
 
 James C Anderson practices law at the town of Ridgeway, and 
 H. W. Gilbert has an of&ce at Martinsville. 
 
 THE PRESS, ELECTIONS and RAILROADS. 
 The Press. — The record of the newspaper press of a county, if it 
 has happened to fall into the hands of men competent to make it fully 
 discharge its duty, ought to be one of the most important pages of a 
 county's history. One of the greatest things that can always be 
 said of our country is, it has a free press. No man has to be licensed 
 by the Government to print a book or publish a paper. It has 
 been circumscribed by no law except that of natiu'al selection; any one 
 who wishes can start a paper at any time and say anything he 
 desires to say. If he chooses not to be suppressed there is no power 
 to suppress him, excejst a military necessity, and once in a great 
 while, mob violence. If he is persecuted or punished by some 
 irate citizen it is not certain but that he always gets the best of the 
 difficulty, especially when he begins to prate about ' ' the freedom 
 of the press and the liberty of thought." The wisest act of our 
 Government in all its history was the unbridling of the press. It 
 was the seed planted in good soil for its own perpetuity and the 
 happiness and welfare of the people. To make the press absolutely 
 free, especially after the centuries of vile censorship over it, was an 
 act of wisdom equal in importance to the original invention of 
 movable type. A free press makes free speech, free schools, free 
 intelligence and fi-eedom, and when political storms arise, and the 
 turbid waves of popular ignorance and passion beat upon the ship of 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 273 
 
 State, then indeed is a free press the beacon shining out upon the 
 troubled waters. 
 
 The honor of establishing the iirst newspaper in Harrison County 
 belongs to Edwin R. Martin and Samuel Allen, who, in the summer 
 of 1859, came from Memphis, Mo., and started what was known as 
 the Bethany Star, an independent local sheet, the first number of 
 which made its appearance on the 4th of August, of the above year. 
 Messrs. Martin & Allen were practical printers, and men of more 
 than average literary abilities, and under their management the Star 
 early became an important factor among the business interests of 
 Bethany. While started ostensibly as a neutral paper, the Star soon 
 took advanced grounds upon the great political questions of the day, 
 and being considerably Southern in its tendencies made many 
 enemies throughout the county. The paper was a six- column folio, 
 and in mechanical make-up and general appearance compared 
 favorably with any of its numerous successors. 
 
 Martin & Allen continued its publication until 1861, when the 
 Star was purchased by William A. Templeman, who changed the 
 name to the Weekly Union, by which the paper was known until it 
 again changed hands in 1863. The office of the Union was in the 
 thii'd story of the building now occupied by the Dunn Bros., on 
 South Street, and the paper was printed upon an old fashioned 
 Franklin hand press, which under the management of E. R. Martin 
 tui'ned out work that would not suffer in comparison with the pro- 
 duction of offices more recently established. The political complexion 
 of the paper, as indicated by the name, was strongly in favor of the 
 national union, and the able editorials of Col. Heaston and others did 
 much toward counteracting the influence of the disloyal element in 
 Harrison County at the breaking out of the war. It was ably edited, 
 presented a fine appearance, and before changing hands had reached 
 a circulation considerably in excess of 600. 
 
 In 1868 Henry Howe purchased the office, and, changing the name 
 of the paper to the Weekly Union of Stales, secured the services 
 of Howard T. Combs, son of Gen. Leslie Combs, of Kentucky, a 
 writer of fair ability, as editor. Mr. Combs was popular with the 
 people, and during the year he exercised editorial control the paper 
 increased in circulation and became one of the most vigorous ultra 
 Republican sheets in Northern Missouri. At the end of one year Mr. 
 Howe took charge of the editorial department, but after a short time 
 spent in that capacity he went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, leaving the 
 office in charge of his sons, Ed. and James Howe, who continued the 
 
274 HISTOKY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 publication until 1865, at which time Thomas D. Neal purchased the 
 office, and established the North Missouri Tribune. Mr. Neal was a 
 man of great energy and determination, and as a political writer soon 
 took rank among the most aggressive Republican editors in this part 
 of the State. He made his paper the Republican organ of Harrison 
 County, and continued its publication very successfully until 1872, at 
 which time it was purchased by William T. Foster, who subsequently 
 changed the political complexion by his fearless advocacy of the 
 Grange movement, the effect of which was a division in the Repub- 
 lican ranks of Harrison. Under the editorial management of Mr. Fos- 
 ter, who was a practical printer and trenchant writer, the Tribune 
 grew in popular favor among the farmers, and was regularly issued 
 as a Grange journal, until its piirehase by John H. Phillibaum in 
 1875. After disposing of the office Mx. Foster went to Iowa, where he 
 afterward achieved considerable notoriety as the ' ' weather prophet ' ' 
 of Burlington, and as a contributor to the Hawkeye, published in that 
 city. Upon taking possession of the Tribune, Mr. Phillibaum con- 
 verted it into a Democratic sheet, and, changing the name to the 
 Harrison Countij Herald, published it iintil 1876, when the office was 
 piu-chased by Al. S. Hickman and James P. Berry. Both Hickman 
 and Berry were experienced printers, and spared no efforts to give the 
 people a well edited and spicy local paper, but, the Democratic party 
 being a small minority in Harrison County, the publication soon sus- 
 pended for want of proper financial support. The Herald was a neat 
 folio, eight columns to the page, and in point of editorial ability and 
 mechanical make-up, has been surpassed by no other newspaper in 
 Harrison County. 
 
 In 1SG8 The Harrison County Press, a weekly Independent sheet, 
 was established by a stock company, with Col. William P. Robinson 
 as editor. The columns of this paper were made a medium for the 
 discussion of all the leading questions of the day, and through them 
 the political opinions of a number of local writers were given pub- 
 licity. From its independent course the Press gi-adually merged into 
 a conservative Republican sheet, but as such it antagonized certain 
 elements of the party upon the great question of negro suffrage, 
 which Mr. Robinson strenuously opposed upon grounds of moral as 
 well as public policy. After the nomination of Grant and Seymour 
 for the presidency, Col. Robinson severed his connection with the 
 Press, and was succeeded by Paul Conner, of Illinois, who effected a 
 complete revolution in the political feature of the paper, making it 
 the local Democratic organ of Harrison County. Like some of his 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 275 
 
 predecessors, however, Mr. Conner failed to make the paper finan- 
 cially remunerative, and after continuing the publication about one 
 year sold out to D. J. Heaston, who in 1870 changed the name to the 
 Bethany Watchman, by which it was known as long as the office 
 remained in Bethany. Having had considerable experience in the field 
 of journalism, Mr. Heaston soon succeeded in working up an interest 
 in behalf of the Watchman, and within a short time gained a good 
 circulation and fair advertising patronage. It made its periodical 
 visits until 1873, in which year the office was purchased by a stock 
 company and moved to Grant City, where it was subsequently pub- 
 lished under the name of the Worth County Times. 
 
 The Bethany Repttblican was established by Thomas D. Neal, and 
 made its first appearance on the 22d of May, 1873. It was 
 started as an uncompromising political paper, devoted to the interests 
 of the Republican party, as witness the following from its first state- 
 ment to the piiblic: "This paper shall be strictly Eepublican. None 
 need look for anything else. It will do all in its power . to secure 
 economy in our county afPairs, low taxes and to induce immigration to 
 our borders. * * * it -^yiu be the friend of the farmer, 
 the laborer, and the interests of our county generally. * * * 
 It will be the organ of no man or ring, and will not be used as a 
 means to place any man in office except the regular nominees of our 
 party, the assertions of demagogues to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 Its columns will be open to communications from all parts of the county 
 on all questions. ' ' The presses and material of the Republican were 
 pui'chased entirely new, and for the first two years the paper appeared 
 as a six-column quarto, but was subsequently changed to an eight- 
 column folio. As already stated, Mr. Neal was an able writer, and a 
 politician of the most aggressive school. He continued as editor 
 until the winter of 1875, when he sold out to Walter J. Wightman, 
 who changed the name of the paper to the Harrison County Repub- 
 lican, the first number of which was given to the public on the 6th 
 of January, 1876. Mr. Wightman had previously published a 23aper 
 at Eagleville, moving an office to that town in 1874, from Garden 
 Grove, Iowa. He proved a fit successor to the former editor, and by 
 his unflinching adherence to his party did much toward unifj'ing its 
 interests in Harrison County. After continuing the paper a short 
 time alone he effected a co-partnership with Mi-. Neal, who subse- 
 quently purchased the entire interest and ran the paper until 1881, 
 when F. H. Earner became sole proprietor and editor. The Repub- 
 lican enjoyed a prosperous career under the editorial management of 
 
276 HISTOKY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Earner, wto as a politician and writer wielded a strong influence 
 in behalf of the Republican party of Harrison and neighboring coun- 
 ties. In the fall of 1887 the paper again changed hands, Mr. Ramer 
 disposing of the office to a stock company, with Hon. Nelson Church 
 as editor. 
 
 With no previous experience in the field of journalism, Mr. Church 
 has already gained widespread distinction as a clear and forcible 
 writer, and as a local party organ the Republican under his manage- 
 ment will compare favorably with any county paper in Missouri. It 
 is essentially Republican in politics and fearless in the discussion of 
 the leading questions of the day, upon all of which the editor has very 
 pronounced and aggressive views. In mechanical make-up it is a 
 model of neatness, and with a good advertising patronage and a con- 
 stantly increasing circulation, now considerably in excess of 800, we 
 bespeak for the paper a brilliant and prosperous future. 
 
 Bethany Broad Ax. — In March, 1877, D. J. Heaston andB. F. 
 Meyer purchased the office of the Haii-ison County Herald, and on the 
 8th of the month issued the first number of the Bethany Broad Ax, a 
 neat, seven-column folio, which ever since has been the recognized 
 Democratic organ of Harrison County. Mr. Heaston took charge of 
 the editorial department, and ran the paper in partnership with Mr. 
 Meyer until 1881, at which time he purchased the latter' s interest, and 
 continued the publication alone about one year. He then sold a half 
 interest in the office to W. L. Robertson, a partnership which lasted 
 until January, 1884, when J. H. Cover, who had previously published a 
 paper in Albany, Mo., purchased the entu-e interest and became 
 editor. From the first number until the present time the Broad Ax 
 has never wavered in its allegiance to the principles of the Democratic 
 party, and, although fearless in the discussion of political questions, the 
 vituperation and personal abuse which frequently form the chief stock- 
 in-trade of local partisan sheets find no place in its cohtmns. It is 
 now a five-column quarto, neat in its mechanical appearance, and has a 
 bona fide circulation of 800. 
 
 The Harrison County Eagle was established at the town of Eagle- 
 ville in July, 1874, by Walter J. Wightman, who, as already stated, 
 moved the office and material from Garden Grove, Iowa. The Eagle 
 was a seven-column folio, Republican in politics, and during the sev- 
 enteen months of its publication at Eagleville gained the reputation of 
 being one of the spiciest and best edited papers ever published in Har- 
 rison County. In December, 1875, Mr. Wightman moved his office to 
 Bethany, and purchased the Republican, his connection with which 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 277 
 
 has already been alluded to. In the spring of 1876 Frank Knapp, of 
 Leon, Iowa, moved to Eagleville, and established the Eagleville Neivs, 
 a small independent sheet devoted to the interests of the tov?n and 
 county. The News v^as v^ell printed, the editor being an experienced 
 typo, but for want of proper financial support it ran its course in 
 about sis months, and was never revived. 
 
 The Eagleville Clipper was established at Eagleville in 1877 by 
 W. J. Wightman, who continued its publication in that town until 
 1880, when he moved the office to Blythedale, where for twenty 
 months it was published under the name of the Blythedale Clipper. 
 In 1882 Mr. Wightman moved to Bethany, and changed the name of 
 the paper to the Bethany Clipper, by which it has since been known. 
 Mr. Wightman is one of the oldest and most experienced newspaper 
 men in Han'ison County, and as an editor and writer enjoys much 
 more than a local reputation. The political complexion of the Clip- 
 per is decidedly Republican, and as a sprightly local paper it ranks 
 among the best county newspapers in Missoui'i. It has a liberal adver- 
 tising patronage and a good circulation. 
 
 The Eagleville Enterprise. — This paper was established by J. 
 Frank Ward, and made its first appearance in 1880. It was an inde- 
 pendent sheet with Republican tendencies, and during the time of its 
 publication, two years, gained a circulation of about 500. Mr. Ward 
 was a writer of average ability and a practical printer. The 
 Enterprise was a seven-column folio, neat in its mechanical appear- 
 ance and compared favorably with the other newspapers of the county 
 
 Elder W. M. Browder, a distinguished minister of the Christian 
 Church, established, in 1879, at Bethany, The Gospel Star, a religious 
 paper, the printing of which was done in the office of the Broad Ax. 
 The Star was an able advocate of the peculiar plea of the Disciples, 
 and in its columns were found many sti'ong articles upon the great 
 religious questions of the day. Elder Browder was an able and 
 aggressive writer, and a renowned pulpit orator. He continued the 
 paper about one year during which time it gained a fair patronacre. 
 
 The Gainesville Sig)tal was started at Cainesville in 1885 by C. A. 
 Brannon. It was a five-column folio, independent politically, and 
 enjoyed an existence of about one year. The enterprise not proving 
 remunerative, Mr. Brannon closed out at the end of that time, and 
 moved to Leon, Iowa. 
 
 The Cainesville News, established by J. H. Rockwell, of Iowa, 
 made its first appearance on the 12th of April, 1885. It was s-tarted as 
 an independent paper, but subsequently became decidedly Republican 
 
278 HISTORY OF HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 in polities. It changed hands in July, 1887, Prof. S. P. Davisson, 
 present proprietor, purchasing the office and taking editorial control. 
 The News is well edited, has a liberal advertising patronage, and a 
 subscription list of about 500. 
 
 The Eagle ville Journal is the name of a small local paper estab- 
 lished at Eagleville in 1885, by J. Fred Cramer. It was published 
 only two months, and proved a very indifferent affair. 
 
 In the year 1S82 M. A. Thorne established at the town of Ridge- 
 way a small local paper known as the Ridgeway Blade, which enjoyed 
 an existence of two years. The Blade was well edited, and became a 
 fearless advocate of the temperance cause, in which Mr. Thorne was 
 an active worker. Like some of its predecessors it was compelled to 
 suspend for want of remunerative patronage. 
 
 The Ridgeicay Free Press was started in 1884 by C. C. Bartruff, 
 who continued the publication until 1886. Mr. Bartruff was a practi- 
 cal printer and fair writer, and succeeded during his sojourn at Ridge- 
 way in securing a fairly remunerative circulation for the Press. The 
 paper was a quarto, Republican in politics, and presented a very neat 
 appearance. Tie editor sold his office in 1886 and left the town. 
 
 Elections. — The first presidential contest in which the citizens of 
 Harrison County participated was the election of 1818. The vote of 
 the county was as follows: Zachary Taylor (Whig), 63; Lewis Cass 
 (Democrat), 141. The following is the vote for the year 1852: Scott, 
 111; Pierce, 164. 
 
 In 1856 James Buchanan, the Democratic candidate, received 
 495 votes in the county, and Millard Fillmore, standard bearer of the 
 American party, 318. There were no votes cast for the Republican 
 nominee, John C. Fremont. 
 
 The following is the vote by townships in the national election of 
 1860: 
 
 Douglas. Breckin- Bell. Lincoln, 
 ridge. 
 
 Bethany 298 84 47 
 
 Madison 87 56 15 
 
 WhiteOak 30 3 19 00 
 
 TrailCreek 4-5 8 20 
 
 Union '. 13 5 28 
 
 Dallas 31 3 7 25 
 
 Butler 36 3 11 1 
 
 Marion 201 9 75 64 
 
 Clay 56 1 23 7 
 
 Total 797 18 288 297 
 
 Gubernatorial Vote of 1860. — C. F. Jackson, 792; Gardenhire, 
 260; S. Orr, 104; H. Jackson, 18. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 
 
 279 
 
 In 1864 the vote of the county was as follows : 
 
 Lincoln. McClellan. 
 
 Bethany 826 79 
 
 Marion 183 13 
 
 Sugar Creek 100 5 
 
 Union ... 54 14 
 
 Butler 63 1 
 
 Madison 85 40 
 
 White Oak 38 7 
 
 Cypress 66 00 
 
 Trail Creek 83 00 
 
 Washington 31 17 
 
 Dallas 37 00 
 
 Clay 37 33 
 
 Total 993 308 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, 1868. 
 
 Grant. Seymour. 
 
 Butler 94 4 
 
 White Oak 83 17 
 
 Dallas 47 9 
 
 Washington 35 18 
 
 Lincoln 34 28 
 
 Marion .* 210 81 
 
 Union 140 23 
 
 Bethany 329 121 
 
 Cypress 139 18 
 
 Sugar Creek 130 41 
 
 Trail Creek 112 30 
 
 Madison 91 39 
 
 Clay 65 47 
 
 Total 1,429 475 
 
 Vote for Governor — McCltirg (Republican), 1,397; Phillips (Demo- 
 crat), 485. 
 
 Congress— Parker (Eepublican), 1,252; Ellis (Democrat), 702. 
 Gubernatorial Vote of 1870.— J. W. McClurg (Eepublican), 1,304 
 B. Gratz Brown (Democrat), 703. 
 
 1872. 
 
 Grant. Greeley. 
 
 • Bethany 309 238 
 
 Butler 106 84 
 
 Cypress 144 37 
 
 Sugar Creek 146 93 
 
 Trail Creek 125 89 
 
 Madison 109 63 
 
 Clay 107 64 
 
 Marion 376 150 
 
 Lincoln 51 48 
 
280 HISTORY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 1872. 
 
 Grant. Greeley. 
 
 Washington 55 32 
 
 Dallas 67 75 
 
 White Oak 101 84 
 
 Union 88 43 
 
 Grant 67 17 
 
 Total 1,751 1,116 • 
 
 Gubernatorial Vote of 1872. — John B. Henderson (Republican), 
 1,748; Silas Woodson (Democrat), 1,133. 
 
 Vote for Governor at election November 3, 1874 — C. H. Hardin,' 
 1,084: "William Gentry, 807. 
 
 Congress — I. B. Hyde (Republican), 1,749; R. A. DeBolt (Demo- 
 crat), 929. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Hayes. Tilden. 
 
 Adams 98 31 
 
 Bethany 210 179 
 
 Butler 78 84 
 
 Colfax 86 78 
 
 Cypress 109 37 
 
 Clay 95 95 
 
 Dallas 90 85 
 
 Fox Creek 99 75 
 
 Grant 74 48 . 
 
 Hamilton 76 55 j| 
 
 Jefferson 92 87 
 
 Lincoln 56 54 
 
 Madison 101 70 
 
 Marion 162 73 
 
 Sherman 115 88 
 
 SugarCreek 81 35 
 
 Trail Creek 87 60 
 
 Union 136 56 
 
 Washington 58 45 
 
 WhiteOak 113 93 
 
 Total 2,013 1,373 
 
 Ha3'es' majority 640 
 
 Vote for Governor — Finklenberger (Republican), 2,013; Phelps 
 
 (Democrat), 1,377. 
 
 Congress — Pollard (Republican), 2,021; DeBolt (Democrat), 
 
 1,392. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Garfield. Hancock. Weaver. 
 
 Adams 103 44 10 
 
 Bethany 360 169 1 
 
 Butler 94 104 
 
 Colfax 103 104 2 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 281 
 
 1880. 
 
 Garfield. Hancock. Weaver. 
 
 Cypress 108 37 36 
 
 Dallas 83 93 36 
 
 Fox Creek 105 96 5 
 
 Grant 101 47 6 
 
 Hamilton 73 53 2 
 
 Jefferson 87 104 14 
 
 Lincoln 46 86 9 
 
 Madison Ill 71 36 
 
 Marion 150 88 35 
 
 SugarCreek 67 51 19 
 
 Sherman 103 59 13 
 
 Trail Creek 106 68 9 
 
 Union 131 63 10 
 
 Washington 65 63 10 
 
 White Oak 113 89 8 
 
 Total 3,097 1,586 339 
 
 Governor— D. P. Dyer (Kepublican), 2,102; T. T. Crittenden 
 Democrat), 1,589; L. A. Brown, (Greenbacker), 236. 
 
 Congress — C. H. Mansur, (Democrat), 1,574; J. H. Burrows 
 (Greenbacker), 2,196. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Cleveland. Blaine and 
 Butler. 
 
 Sugar Creek 49 95 
 
 Fox Creek 88 101 
 
 Trail Creek 69 137 
 
 Madison 80 133 
 
 Clay 107 86 
 
 Adams 47 119 
 
 Sherman 53 135 
 
 Grant 90 137 
 
 Marion 78 165 
 
 Colfax 101 137 
 
 Cypress 44 130 
 
 Bethany 209 303 
 
 Jefferson 78 100 
 
 Union 73 130 
 
 Hamilton 70 90 
 
 Butler , 103 98 
 
 White Oak 91 135 
 
 Dallas 119 93 
 
 Washington 76 80 
 
 Lincoln 66 59 
 
 Total 1,608 3,288 
 
 Governor — Marmaduke (Democrat), 1,232; Ford (Greenbacker), 
 2,162; Brooks (Prohibitionist), 401. 
 
 IS 
 
282 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Congress — Dockery (Democrat), 1,626; Harwood (Republican), 
 2,227; Jordan (Greenback), 48. 
 
 Railroads. — Hopes of securing a railroad were entertained by the 
 citizens of Harrison County as early as 1859. In that year the Galves- 
 ton, Kansas City & Lake Superior Company was chartered to construct 
 a line of road from Des Moines, Iowa, to Kansas City. A preliminary 
 survey was made between those two places in 1860, and the counties 
 through which the proposed road was to pass were solicited to sub- 
 scribe to the capital stock of the company. The citizens of Harrison 
 became greatly interested in the matter, and by a majority vote the 
 county court was instructed to subscribe the sum of $150,000 to aid 
 the enterprise. The breaking out of the war a short time afterward 
 interfered with the plans of the company, and, as a consequence, all 
 work on the line was abandoned. 
 
 The matter was revived in 1866, during which year operations 
 commenced at various points along the road, and grading to the 
 amount of $5,000 was done in Harrison County. Subsequent changes 
 in the plans of the company were such as to render the route through 
 this part of the country impracticable ; accordingly the road was never 
 completed. 
 
 In the year 1868 the citizens of Harrison became interested in the 
 proposed construction of the Leavenworth & Des Moines Railroad, 
 and in May of that year the court was authorized to vote the sum of 
 $150,000 to aid the same, on condition that the road should, be com- 
 pleted within a stipulated time. The survey was made through the 
 county the same year, but the company subsequently changing the 
 route, so as to run via Gallatin and Trenton, the court order was 
 officially rescinded at the November term, 1872. 
 
 About the year 1869 a third railroad project was presented to the 
 people of the county, and their aid solicited in behalf of the Quincy, 
 Missouri & Pacific Road, which company proposed to construct a line 
 from the Mississippi River to the eastern boundary of Harrison 
 County. Upon condition that the road should be located, bridged 
 and graded between the prescribed points within three years, the peo- 
 ple of the county, by a majority of 232, in 1869, voted an appropriation 
 of $250,000 in aid of the enterprise. The line was surveyed, but 
 nothing further was done toward constructing the road. The order 
 making the appropriation was rescinded by the court at the October 
 term, 1872. 
 
 Three years later a second movement was made to aid the above 
 road, which at that time was in process of construction between Milan 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 283 
 
 and Trenton. With the hope of inducing the company to extend the 
 line westward through Harrison County, the citizens of Bethany 
 Township, in 1875, voted aid to the amount of $40, 000, no part of 
 which was ever paid, as the road was not extended. 
 
 The tirst raih-oad agitation which produced fruitful results began 
 in 1879, at which time a preliminary survey of the Leon, Mount Ayr 
 & Western, a branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Road, was 
 surveyed through Harrison County. The citizens assisted the enter- 
 prise by a subscription of $40,000, and granted the right of way from 
 Bethany north to the Iowa State line. Work commenced on the road 
 in the summer of 1880, and on the 28th day of October of that year 
 the first train of cars ran to Bethany. The line was extended south- 
 ward to Albany in 1881, and consolidated at that place with a narrow- 
 gauge road which had been constructed a short time previous from 
 St. Joseph to Gentry County. The latter was subsequently changed 
 to a standard gauge, and the road is now one of the most important 
 branches of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy system. 
 
 The influence of this road in developing the material resources of 
 Harrison County has been very marked, and since its completion 
 population has greatly increased, and all kinds of real estate steadily 
 advanced in value. An immediate outgrowth of the road was the 
 platting and building up of the flourishing towns of Blythedale, 
 Ridgeway and New Hampton, and the vast increase in the business 
 interests of Bethany. The line runs from northwest to southeast, and 
 includes about forty-two or forty-three miles in Harrison County. 
 
 In the year 1884 the Des Moines & Osceola Narrow Gauge 
 was extended southward from Leon, Iowa, to Cainesville, Mo., the 
 latter place being the present southern terminus of the line. By this 
 road Harrison County is brought into easy communication with Des 
 Moines and other Iowa cities, but the benefits resulting therefrom are 
 confined principally to Cainesville and the northeastern part of the 
 county. It has been especially beneficial to Cainesville, the population 
 and wealth of which has rapidly increased since its completion. 
 
 CRIMES AND CASUALTIES. 
 
 The history of all countries and communities from their earliest 
 colonization and settlement has shown bad men mingled among the 
 better classes of society. So it has been in Harrison County. The 
 records of the county reveal the fact that quite a number of persons 
 have been called to answer at the bar of justice for the commissions 
 of heinous crimes and offenses. As early as 1846 a stabbing affray 
 
284 HISTORY OF HAKKISON COUNTY. 
 
 occurred near Bethany between Josiah Spur^n and Jacob Mitchell, 
 in which the latter was killed. The trouble was caused by a too free 
 use of whisky, both parties having been in a state of intoxication 
 when the quarrel took place. Spui-gin was arrested and tried at the 
 March term of the circuit court, 184:7, before the following jury: 
 William C. Allcock, David Duan, Joel Harris, Hugh Hamlin, Josiah 
 J. Allen, William Hamlin, William Hunter, Alfred Daniel, Daniel M. . 
 Thompson, Abel W. Allen, James Edmiston and Michael Ballew. The 
 jurj', after hearing the evidence in the case, returned a verdict of man- 
 slaughter in the third degree, and assessed the punishment at three 
 years in the State prison. 
 
 Killing of Charles Burger. — In the year 1863 Charles Burger was 
 shot and killed near the Iowa State line by his neighbor, Christopher 
 ShaefPer. A grudge of long standing had existed between the two 
 men, and Burger, it appears, had been in the habit of killing 
 ShaefPer' a stock whenever an opportunity for so doing presented itself. 
 This stuns the latter to madness, and he was heard to make the threat 
 that he would kill Burger if his stock was not left alone. Hearing the 
 report of a gun early one morning Mr. ShaefPer looked in the direction 
 of Burger's farm and saw the latter in the field shooting at some hogs, 
 which he (ShaefPer) at once recognized as being his own. Seizing 
 his gun he started across the field, and when near Bui-ger called to 
 him to stop shooting, whereupon the latter turned and placing his 
 weapon in position advanced toward the enemy, with the intention, 
 doubtless, to shoot him. Shaeffer brought his gun to aim very quickly 
 and fired first, the entire charge taking efPect in Burger's breast, kill- 
 ing him instantly. After committing the fatal deed ShaefPer went 
 back to his home, and, ordering his wife and children to leave the house 
 for a few minutes, took ofp his boots, seated himself in a chair, placed 
 the muzzle of the loaded gun barrel to his forehead, and touching the 
 trigger with his toes, blew nearly the entire top of his head ofP. 
 ShaefPer was a discharged soldier from Merrill's Cavalry, and a man 
 of reputable standing in the community. Both men left families. 
 
 The Elliott Fratricide. — About the year 1863 there occurred, near 
 the southern boundary of the county, in Butler Township, a bloody 
 tragedy, rendered doubly hon'ible by the intimate relationship that 
 existed between the murderer and his victim. John and Hart Elliott 
 were two brothers whose fi'iendship and intimacy had long been the 
 subject of comment among the citizens of the community. No trouble 
 of any kind had ever existed between the two men, consequently the 
 startling announcement one day that John Elliott had killed his 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 285 
 
 brother was for a time entertained as an idle and silly joke. The rumor, 
 though at first treated with indifference, proved only too true, as the 
 body of Hart was found in the woods where the two brothers had been 
 at work, with the throat cut from ear to ear. What led to the com- 
 mission of the bloody deed is not now known. John Elliott was 
 arrested, and while not denying having committed the murder, entered 
 a plea of insanity, upon which he was cleared in the trial that 
 followed. His defense was ably conducted by Silas Woodson, William 
 G. Lewis, S. A. Eichardson and J. S. Asper, and the trial is remembered 
 as one of the most interesting that ever took place in Han-ison County. 
 
 Killing of John Garrison. — -In the year 1866 or 1867 Riley 
 Strickland and John Garrison, two neighbors who resided about four 
 miles west of Eagleville, had a difficulty, which resulted in the death 
 of the latter. Rumors charging Garrison with undue intimacy with 
 Strickland's family, while the latter was in the army, had for some 
 time been afloat, and, reaching Strickland' sears, caused him to become 
 beside himself with rage. Meeting Garrison upon the occasion referred 
 to, Strickland broached the matter and very soon a bitter war of words 
 was in progress between the two men, during which the fatal shot was 
 fired. Strickland was arrested and tried in Bethany before a jury 
 which could not agree upon a verdict. At his second trial he was 
 found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment in the county jail for a 
 term of one year. 
 
 About the year 1856 one Dr. Tennis was killed in a Bethany 
 saloon by the barkeeper, George Young. It aj)pears that the two men 
 had a difficulty over some drinks, and, being under the influence of 
 whisky, they soon became engaged in a violent quarrel, during the 
 progress of which Young struck the Doctor upon the bead 'with a 
 heavy bottle, inflicting a terrible and fatal wound. After realizing 
 what he had done, the saloon keeper ran out of the building and made 
 good his escape from the town. The Doctor lingered in great agony 
 for a few days, until death kindly put an end to his sufferings. 
 
 Bloody Deed of an Insane Man. — Benjamin Nickerson, a resident 
 of Cypress Township, about the year 1867 or 1868, while laboring 
 under a fit of insanity, killed his wife and sister-in-law with a large 
 bludgeon, literally beating their heads to a jelly. He was arrested 
 and tried, but being proved violently insane at the time, was acquitted 
 by the jury. 
 
 Killing of McCollum. — In July, 1864, George Williams, a returned 
 Federal soldier, attempted to disarm Isaac B. McCollum, a Southern 
 sympathizer, and in the quarrel which ensued the latter was shot and 
 
286 HiSTOEY or haebison county. 
 
 killed. Williams received a shot in the leg, but was not otherwise 
 injured. He was indicted for the killing only a few years ago, and 
 after quite an extended and exciting trial, was cleared. 
 
 Fatal Stabbing Affray. — On the night of February 15, 1875, two 
 brothers, Jack and James Urshin, while attending a social party at the 
 residence of F. M. Brower, a short distance northwest of Gainesville, 
 became involved in a quarrel with a young man by the name of Byron 
 Harrison. From words the young men came to blows, and finally 
 knives were drawn by all three and fi-eely used. James Urshin 
 received a fatal stab; his brother was seriously cut in several places, 
 while Harrison received three or four ugly wounds. After young 
 Urshin' s death, Harrison was arrested, but the facts elicited at the 
 trial proved conclusively that he acted in self-defense. 
 
 Fatal Termination of a Family Feud. — About the year 1877 the 
 citizens of the northeastern part of the county were thrown into con- 
 siderable excitement by the shooting of William C. Chapman by Oxley 
 Johnson. The fatal deed was but the termination of a family trouble 
 which had existed between the two men for a number of years. 
 Johnson was arrested for the crime, but the jury failed to convict 
 him. 
 
 Shooting of William Poynter. — In the month of September, 1878, 
 William Poynter, an exemplary citizen living at Eagleville, was shot and 
 killed by a cramp near that village. It appears that several worthless 
 characters and lewd women camped in the vicinity of the town, and 
 one day a number of boys and young men collected for the purposes 
 of invitincf them to leave the neighborhood. While in conversation 
 with the villagers, one of the tramps fired his revolver into the crowd, 
 the shot taking efFect in young Poynter' s body, causing his death in a 
 short time. 
 
 Killing of Isaac Moore. — -Friday night, April 5, 1878, Isaac Moore, 
 an old citizen of Lincoln Township, was shot through the body from 
 side to side with a musket ball. The facts of the matter are about 
 these, as obtained from Mr. Moore, and from Jonah Noah, the man 
 who did the shooting: Moore was going along the public road, and 
 when near Noah' s house, Noah fired from some place about the stable. 
 Noah's version is that some one had been stealing his corn, and he 
 suspected a certain man (not Moore) and was out with his gun watch- 
 ing for him. By and by a man came along, and it being dark he could 
 not see who it was, but supposed it was the one who had been stealing 
 his corn. Without warning or notice of any kind, and while Moore 
 was walking along, Noah fired with the above result. Noah admitted 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 287 
 
 to several persons that he shot Moore, but did not know it was Moore, 
 but thought it was the other man. The next day (Saturday) Noah 
 gave himself up before Squire D. Adair, and a preliminary examina- 
 tion was held, and Noah was held to answer to the circuit court in the 
 sum of $2,000. Failing to give bail he was brought to jail Sunday. 
 
 When Noah saw that he had shot Moore, he went to him, took 
 him to his own house and sent for a physician. 
 
 The next day ' Squire Adair went to where Moore was and took his 
 affidavit. The affidavit was in words as follows: 
 
 [moore's affidavit.] 
 
 Isaac Moore states on his oath that he, Isaac Moore, was going down towards 
 his timber, to look after the fire that wag in the prairie, and I started towards 
 the house (meaning Noah's, we suppose), and was shot in the public highway. 
 This was April 5, 1878, after dark. 
 
 [Signed] Isaac Mooee. 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to this April 6, 1878. David Adaik, J. P. 
 
 Noah had been living in that vicinity but a short time, having 
 removed from near Denver, Worth County. 
 
 Moore died on the 7th, and the same day the sheriff lodged a com- 
 plaint with 'Squire Howell, charging Noah with the murder, when 
 he was rearrested. He plead guilty to manslaughter, and was sen- 
 tenced to the State prison for a term of twenty years. He served only 
 six years of the sentence, having been pardoned at the end of that 
 time. 
 
 Killing of Jacob Fanster. — On Thursday, June 13, 1878, in 
 Washington Township, occurred a fatal tragedy resulting in the 
 shooting and killing of Jacob Fanster by William W. Jessee, of Mar- 
 tinsville. In September, 1876, Fanster was indicted by the circuit 
 court for forging a school warrant on a school district in Washington 
 Township. He gave bail in vacation for his appearance at the March 
 (1877) term, but failed to appear at the designated time. He left the 
 country, and was not heard of until March, 1878, when it was learned 
 that he was in Nebraska. The sheriff of Andrew County went there, 
 arrested and brought him to Bethany and lodged him in jail. He sub- 
 sequently gave bond, W. W. Jessee being one of the bondsmen. 
 Learning that he was going to leave the coimtry. Mi-. Jessee procured 
 a writ of recognizance with a view of turning him over to the sheriff. 
 Fanster attempted to make his escape, and in so doing was shot and 
 killed by Jessee. Jessee was subsequently tried for the killing in the 
 Harrison Circuit Court and acquitted. 
 
 Mysterious Death of a Young Lady. — In October, 1879, Miss 
 
288 HISTOEY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Mollie Monroe, a young lady living in Butler Township, disappeared 
 from her home under very mysterious as well as suspicious circum- 
 stances. It appears that a young gentleman by the name of Brown 
 had been waiting upon her for some time, and rumors had it that the 
 two were to have been married. 
 
 One day Brown qait the neighborhood but left her |50 with which 
 to join him as soon as he succeeded in finding a location. From that 
 time, however, it is said that she never heard anything further fi'om her 
 absent lover. On the second day of October, 1879, she left her home 
 without saying anything to her parents, going, no one knew whither, 
 but the general supposition was that her intention was to join Brown. 
 Over one year elapsed before any trace of the missing young lady was 
 discovered. On Wednesday, April 20, 1880, some one passing through 
 the woods near her father's house found iloating in the wind from the 
 limb of a small tree the torn fragments of a dress. This aroused the 
 man's curiosity, and searching among the fallen wood and brush in 
 the vicinity, he soon iliscovered a human skull, and in a ravine a short 
 distance away a number of bones and pieces of woman' s clothing were 
 found. Some of the bones had been carried to the side of the road by 
 hogs. Mrs. Monroe recognized the di'ess as the one worn by her 
 daiighter the day she left home. How the young lady met her death 
 will perhaps forever remain a mystery. Some think that she de- 
 stroyed herself, while others maintain that it could have been nothing 
 short of murder. 
 
 Murder of Albert Hines. — At Hampton ville. May 15, 1880, oc- 
 curred the murder of Albert Hines, a well-to-do citizen, who had been 
 doing the blacksmithing at that place for a number of years. Sometime 
 before that date John H. Lawson went to the shop and ordered a clevis 
 made, which he had charged to William Black, his brother-in-law, as 
 Lawsbn's credit was not good. A few days afterward Black stejiped 
 into the shop, when Hines asked him for the pay for making the clevis, 
 stating that Lawson told him that Black wanted it. Black denied 
 that he had authorized Lawson to have it made for him. As soon as 
 Black saw Lawson he told him what Hines had said, which Lawson 
 denied, and swore he would see Hines about the matter. On the 1 5th 
 some words passed between the two men, the result of which was that 
 Lawson struck Hines several times upon tlie head with a heavy piece 
 of iron. 
 
 Hines' skull was cracked in four or five places, and one piece of the 
 bone was entirely gone. Several men were standing by but they did 
 not interfere until the work was done. Hines soon got up, walked 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 289 
 
 into his house, and was conscious for an hour thereafter, and related 
 the afPair over several times. He soon, however, grew faint, and lin- 
 gered until Thursday morning about 4 o'clock, when he breathed his 
 last. 
 
 Lawson stayed a short time at Hamptonville after doing the deed 
 when he left for the woods. Later in the evening the constable and a 
 number of men followed him and finally overtook him. He was killed 
 in the edge of Iowa by his brother-in-law, William Black, he having 
 first attempted to kill Black. 
 
 Death of Stephen Workman. — In April, 1869, Noah M. Enloe 
 and Stephen Workman became involved in a quarrel about five miles 
 east of Bethany. Of the nature of their trouble but little is now 
 known, although it appears that both men were armed for the affray. 
 Enloe shot Workman, who died at 7 o'clock the same evening, the 
 trouble having occurred about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Enloe was 
 tried and acquitted. 
 
 *The Hallock Murder — Trial and Execution of Josejih P. Hamilton. 
 —At about 2 o'clock P. M., on July 14, 1871, Elisha W. Hallock who 
 lived a few miles east of Princeton, in Mercer County, was shot and 
 killed upon his own premises. The murdered man at the time of his 
 death was about forty-eight years of age, his wife being twenty- 
 eight years old. The latter was a widow with one child at the time of 
 her marriage with Hallock, her name being Caroline Lewellyn. She 
 came from Blackford County, Iowa, where it is said her standing in 
 society was not very desirable. There was living in the Hallock family, 
 as a farm hand, a young man named Joseph P. Hamilton, probably 
 eighteen years old. Soon after the killing, and on the same day, Hamil- 
 ton and Mrs. Hallock were arrested as the murderers. The prisoners 
 took a change of venue from Mercer County. Mrs. Hallock' s case was 
 sent to Putnam County, where she was tried and acquitted, in Decem- 
 ber, 1873. 
 
 Hamilton's case was sent to Harrison County, and on the second 
 day of the term of circuit court, beginning on July 28, 1873, his trial 
 began. In substance the proof by the State was as follows : 
 
 The prisoner had been living with Hallock about eighteen months, 
 during which time a criminal intimacy sprang up between him and 
 Mrs. Hallock. This was carried on until the time of Mr. Hallock' s 
 death. 
 
 A few days before the murder, Mr. Hallock found on the sewing 
 machine a letter signed " W. H. N." which threatened his life and 
 
 ♦From account published in the Bethany Rtpublican. 
 
290 HISTOKY OF HARKISON COUNTY. 
 
 demanded 11,000 to be sent through the Princeton postoffice to the 
 above mysterious address. This occurred about two days before the 
 shooting. In the forenoon of the day of the homicide, young Hamil- 
 ton went to the house of one Flaherty, about two miles distant, and 
 asked Mrs. Flaherty if she had a revolver. There was one in the 
 house, and he wanted to buy it. After looking at it he wanted the 
 bullet molds, but upon learning that there were some bullets ah-eady 
 molded, he decided to take them and leave the molds. He then 
 called for caps, stating that Mr. Hallock's life had been threatened, 
 and he wanted the revolver to defend himself. He told a similar story 
 to several others and then returned to Mi-. Hallock's. 
 
 About noon he and Mrs. Hallock went upstairs together, where 
 they remained for some time, Mrs. Hallock finally coming down 
 with the report that Hamilton was sick. ^\Tien dinner was ready, how- 
 ever, Hamilton made his appearance, and all ate together. After 
 dinner Mrs. Hallock took all the children, and went after blackbeiTies, 
 leaving Hallock and Hamilton at home stacking hay. About 2 
 o'clock in the afternoon, some men at work in an adjoining field on 
 the farm heard three pistol shots in rapid succession, then two caps 
 snap, then another shot. A little boy, named Jewell Hage, at work a 
 quarter of a mile north of Hallock's, testified that he heard a i^istol 
 shot in the direction of Mr. Hallock's stable, and looking up saw Hal- 
 lock running toward the house, with Hamilton in close pursuit. He 
 also testified that he saw Hamilton shoot at Hallock twice while they 
 were running, and that the latter fell when near the house. 
 
 Shortly after the murder, Hamilton went on horseback to the 
 place where Mi-s. Hallock and the children were, and told them that 
 Mr. Hallock was killed. The neighbors hearing of the murder soon 
 gathered in, and suspecting Hamilton, promptly arrested him for com- 
 mitting the murder. To inquiries, he denied having shot a revolver 
 that day, but afterward admitted having discharged one back of the 
 field. Search being made through the house, the Flaherty revolver 
 was found up -stairs between the quilts of the bed. "When found it had 
 been freshly shot fz'om two barrels; in the next tubes the caps had 
 lately been exploded; the fifth barrel had been freshly discharged, 
 while the sixth barrel was still loaded. Hallock's rifle was foimd 
 hidden out in a hay stack, and Hamilton said he secreted it himself 
 because Hallock's life had been threatened, and he was afi-aid the 
 latter might shoot somebody. 
 
 A great deal of other testimony not so du'ect, but corroborative and 
 strengthening in its nature, was given on the part of the State. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 291 
 
 After being out about one hour and a half, the jury returned a ver- 
 dict of " guilty of murder in the first degree." While the paper on 
 which the verdict was written was being passed to Judge Richardson, 
 and the latter was periising before reading it aloud, the prisoner 
 regarded the proceeding with a steady and unquailiug eye. When 
 the judge read the terrible verdict which virtually doomed Hamilton 
 to the gallows, the young criminal, with wonderful nerve or indiffer- 
 ence, remained apparently unmoved, not a muscle or a feature 
 changing. A large crowd assembled to hear the sentence of death, 
 and a solemn gloom seemed to pervade the audience. During the 
 judge's review of the testimony and delivery of the sentence, the 
 wretched prisoner leaned his head upon his left hand, partly shading his 
 face. When asked by the judge if he had aught to say why sentence of 
 death should not be passed upon him, he arose immediately, and rallied 
 sufficiently to reply in a low tone, ' ' I have nothing to say. ' ' Before 
 being remanded to jail the prisoner whispered briefly to the judge, and 
 said in substance ' ' Judge, do not blame me for not weeping. It is 
 utterly impossible. I have not shed a tear for seven years, but I feel 
 as deeply as any man. I wish to say, that I bear no ill-will toward 
 you, and to bid you good-bye." He shook hands with the judge at 
 parting, and withdrew in charge of the sherifp and his deputy. 
 
 Hamilton's lawyers promptly appealed his case to the supreme 
 court of Missom-i, hoping to have the judgment against him reversed. 
 The cause was taken up by the supreme coui't at its February term, 
 1874, and the verdict of the lower coui't was unanimously sustained. 
 This action reduced the prisoner's chances for life to the interposition 
 of the Governor of the State, with his power of pardon or commutation 
 to imprisonment. The supreme court, in affirming the decision of 
 the lower court, failed to fix a time for execution, leaving that to the 
 circuit court. No official notice of the ruling of the higher tribiinal 
 having been received by the circuit court until after its March term, 
 no further steps toward execution were taken until the term beginning 
 the fourth Monday in September. In the meantime, after the action 
 of the supreme coiu-t, Hamilton and his friends, grasping at the only 
 remaining ray of hope, went to work to get a commutation of the pun- 
 ishment to imprisonment for life. Petitions were circulated freely 
 in Mercer, Putnam, Grundy, Livingston and Harrison Counties, and 
 many people signed them. Some 800 names were obtained in Mercer 
 Count \', where the crime was committed; 200 or 300 in Harrison, and 
 several hundred in the other counties. During the summer they were 
 presented to the Governor, who, after due deliberation, absolutely re- 
 fused to interfere with the court' s decision. 
 
292 HISTOEY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Previous to the September term of the circuit court the prisoner 
 had been confined in the Chillicothe jail. The night before court 
 Sheriff Graham, with two or three guards, left Chillicothe with him, 
 and reached Bethany near sunrise next morning. This precaution 
 was used, as many rumors were afloat in the country that the prisoner 
 had a number of fi-iends, desperate characters, who had threatened to 
 rescue him on the way fi'om Chillicothe to Bethany. 
 
 At the September term of the coui't Judge S. A. Richardson fixed 
 Friday, October 30, 1874, as the day of execution. About the middle 
 of October Hamilton made a sworn confession of his guilt. It was 
 made by the advice of those interested in his behalf, and with a belief 
 on their part that it would present features that might obtain from 
 the Governor a commutation, or at least a respite. Armed with this 
 confession, S. C Allen and others visited the Governor at Trenton, Mo., 
 on the twenty- sixth ult., and once more interceded with that digni- 
 tary, but the latter remained obdurate, and refused to interfere with 
 the course of the law. The following is a copy of the doomed man's 
 confession: 
 
 I went to work for Elisha W. Hallock on his farm in Mercer County, Mo., 
 in March, 1870. I was then in my sixteenth year, and inexperienced. In May, 
 1871, Mr. Hallock went to Pennsylvania on business, and left me to attend his 
 farm. I slept upstairs and Mrs. Hallock below. About two weeks after Mr. 
 Hallock left she had my bed moved downstairs. A few nights after this she 
 called me. I got up and went down to her room, and asked her what she wanted. 
 She appeared to rouse up and said she must have been dreaming. I then 
 returned to my bed not suspicioning anj'thing wrong with the woman. A few 
 nights after this she called me again. I got up and went to her bed and asked 
 her what she wanted. She said she was afraid to sleep alone. She took hold 
 of me and pulled me down and I got into bed with her * * » * » 
 Next morning she said I had committed a rape upon her, and she intended 
 to put the law in force against me. This confused my mind for I did not know 
 what the law was in such cases. A few days after this she told me if I would 
 put Hallock out of the way she would marry me, and that would be an end of 
 the matter. She proposed to me to get poison and give him, but I refused to 
 give my consent. She said that she had poison, but I could not consent to do it. 
 She kept working on me, sometimes persuading and at others threatening me 
 with enforcing the laws against me, and tinally gave me money to buy a 
 revolver which I did. 
 
 About two weeks before the murder, Hallock and his wife went to Prince- 
 ton, Mo., to do some trading. Before going she wanted me to agree to be at 
 Muddy Ci'eek (which is about one mile from where Hallock lived) on their 
 return, and shoot Hallock. I ralhcr consented with her to be there, but did not 
 go. On the 14th day of .July, 1871, she with the children went to gather black- 
 berries, and had again obtained a promise from me to take Hallock's life. She 
 had taken the revolver and secreted it near the stable door, telling me where to 
 find it. We had been hauling hay, but had finished and put the horses in the stable. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 293 
 
 I had about concluded to make a clean breast of the whole matter to Hallocl;. 
 have a settlement with him and leave. Whilst in the stable I began by telling 
 of the plot between his wife and myself to take his life. He at once became 
 very mucli enraged and called me a liar, and other hard names, when I then 
 reached and ijot the revolver. He struck me on the head with a pitchfork, and 
 also stuck the fork into my right breast, and then was when the terrible deed 
 .was committed. I had no desire nor inclination of my own to seek or take Hal- 
 lock's life, nor would I have done so had I not been persuaded and scared 
 Into it bv Mrs. Hallock. The first night after the murder, she came to me after I 
 had been arrested, and promised to furnish me money to defend myself, and 
 that she would swear me clear if she could. 
 
 Joseph P. Hamilton. 
 Subscribed and sworn to before me this 24th day of October, 1874. 
 
 William C. Heaston, 
 Clerk County Court, Harrison County, Mo. 
 
 A supplementary statement veas made when the last hope of re- 
 prieve had vanished, Hamilton adding a number of paragraphs to his 
 confession, among which were the following: 
 
 I was born December 14, 1853 Hallock's rifle was hidden in the haystack 
 by his wife, I think on the morning of the day the murder was committed. 
 The letter found on the sewing machine was written by Mrs. Hallock, and 
 placed there bj' her. Mrs. Hallock gave me, I believe, six dollars on the morn- 
 ing the murder was committed, to buy a revolver. When I came with the 
 revolver I hid it in the straw stack, which was about a half or quarter of a mile 
 from the house, and told Mrs. Hallock where it was. She got the same and 
 hid it in the stable, and arranged with me where to put it when done with it. 
 The family, especially Hallock's small children, have my deepest sympathy, as 
 I was caused in an evil moment to commit that which I never should have done 
 if I had been left free to act of my own accord; but if compelled to pay the 
 extreme penalty of the law, I hope to meet them in the future world where all 
 things will be set even. 
 
 At last thp day of execution approached, and with it came an im- 
 mense multitude of people. Large numbers had aiTived the night be- 
 fore, filling all the hotels to overflowing, and many camped with their 
 wagons on the bottom north of the town. The day was overcast and 
 gloomy, a piercing northwest wind penetrating to the bone at every 
 gust, with a driving snow storm. Early in the forenoon a large crowd 
 of men, women and children gathered in front of the jail, filled with a 
 morbid curiosity to get a glimpse of the condemned youth through 
 the grated windows of his prison. The crowd increased until a dense 
 body of people completely blocked the street. A thousand upturned 
 faces seemed transfixed, totally disregarding the storm of snow 
 that was being driven against them by the bitter northwest wind, with 
 eyes steadily fastened upon the small and gloomy apertures that 
 frowned down upon them. Until the hour of departure the crowd 
 stood there. At the same time the stores, hotels, restaurants, ofiices 
 
294 HISTORY OF HABRISON COUNTY. 
 
 and all places of business were filled witli people, and the sidewalks 
 were but a living mass of hiunanity. 
 
 At 12:30 o'clock P. M. preparations were made to remove the 
 prisoner to the scaffold. A posse of forty men under charge of Col. W. 
 P. Robinson, were placed in front of the jail to keep back the crowd and 
 otherwise preserve order. A vehicle was driven up, and halted in front 
 of the jail. The sheriff then appeared with the prisoner, who with tirm 
 step and serene countenance entered the vehicle. The sheriff and the 
 prisoner sat side by side; several other persons had seats in the con- 
 veyance, among whom were Rev. L. Hallock and Judge D. B. Boyce. 
 No sooner had the prisoner and escort started than a grand rush was 
 made by the crowd for the place of execution. From the jail to the 
 northwest corner of the square, at least 275 yards, the street fi'om 
 side to side was a sea of people, the great mass of whom, as if 
 actuated by a common impulse or panic, took the double quick. 
 At that moment only one thought actuated them, to get an advan- 
 tageous position. 
 
 The scaffold was situated near the foot of the hill north of th 
 public square. The hill to the south of the scaffold rises rather 
 abruptly, forming a kind of amphitheater, so that one standing on 
 its top could see distinctly. 
 
 While the great crowd was surging like an immense wave or bil- 
 lows of the sea toward the place of execution, the most intense 
 emotion and excitement prevailed. The windows of houses all along 
 the route were filled with women too tender in heart to witness the 
 awful spectacle of death, many of whom were crying aloud in grief. 
 The excitement heaving in the breasts of many men was so great as 
 to deprive them of their presence of mind. 
 
 When the vehicle drew up near the rope surrounding the scaffold, 
 the prisoner arose promptly and was assisted to alight. The sheriff 
 then led him forward followed by ministers and a number of physicians, 
 and the cortege entered the enclosure, marched partly around the 
 scaffold and ascended the steps. Sheriff Graham and the prisoner 
 stood up while the former read the death warrant. On being asked 
 if he had anything to say, he took a drink of water, stepped forward 
 and made the following remarks: "Ladies and gentlemen, I have 
 been brought here to-day to be executed. I have nothing to say 
 regarding my crime, I know that I have been wicked, but I believe my 
 sins are forgiven. The officers of the court and all persons have 
 treated me with uniform kindness. George Graham, the sheriff, has 
 always treated me as a gentleman. I hope all will forgive me as I for- 
 give all; I have nothing more to say. Thank you for your attention. " 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 295 
 
 He sank into a seat and wept convulsively. A hymn was sung, and 
 an earnest prayer offered by Kev. Mr. Hallock. * * The prisoner 
 ■was dressed in black throughout, his clothing being new and neatly 
 fitting. He was of a slight and graceful form, delicate features, dark 
 eyes, brown hair and a light mustache. He made a handsome 
 appearance, and his general demeanor and heroic struggle to meet 
 death bravely seemed to soften the harsh feeling which many had 
 entertained toward him. * * 
 
 The sheriff led him forward upon the fatal trap and began to 
 arrange the black cap. It became entangled slightly, when the 
 prisoner said with a shudder, "It is too small." He reached up and 
 drew the cap over his face himself. The sheriff then looped the 
 deadly rope about Hamilton's neck, bade a final farewell to his charge, 
 and pinioned his arms and limbs. The prisoner was murmuring broken 
 prayers all these moments; his last audible words being "Lord save." 
 
 All drew back from the doomed man, whose clothes were now 
 whitened by the falling snow. A moment of agony, and the drop 
 fell. After the drop, the body remained motionless except from 
 vibration or the swaying of the wind. This was followed by a slight 
 contraction of the limbs, then a terrific quivering, and the soul of 
 Joseph P. Hamilton crossed the boundary line, and took its flight out 
 into the great unknown. The body was examined by a number of 
 physicians, and after seventeen minutes suspension, was cut down, and 
 placed within a neat velvet covered coffin, and buried. 
 
 Shortly after the funeral it was rumored that the grave had been 
 robbed of the body. A number of citizens in order to satisfy them- 
 selves as to the truthfulness of the rumor, reopened the grave, and 
 found that the head and right arm had been removed. 
 
 Suicides. — The following is only a partial list of the many suicides 
 that have occurred from time to time in HaiTison County: 
 
 In April, 1861, Rice Banta of Eagleville committed suicide by 
 taking strychnine. 
 
 In January, 1864, an old gentleman by the name of McCray, in 
 the northern part of the county, committed suicide by shooting him- 
 self. No cause was assigned for the rash deed. In February, 1870, 
 Noah Neece, aged fifty-five years, committed self destruction by 
 hanging. April, 1873, F. M. Duncan, a resident of Gentry County, 
 committed suicide at the residence of William Ray, Butler Township, 
 this county, by cutting his throat with a razor. He was laboring 
 under a fit of temporary insanity at the time. 
 
 In October, 1876, D. Pinkerston, a prominent citizen of Union 
 
 
296 HISTORY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 Township, attempted to commit suicide by hanging himself. Accom- 
 panied by a small step-son be went to the barn and from there to the 
 smokehouse, in which the boy heard a noise like the moving of a box. 
 Going into the building, the little fellow discovered Mr. Pinkerton 
 hanging by a small rope from a beam overhead, having kicked the 
 box from under him. The boy with admirable presence of mind cut 
 the rope, and then ran for assistance, llr. Pinkerton lingered for a 
 short time, but finally died from the efFects of the hanging. 
 
 A young lady. Miss Emmeline Baker, drowned herself and illegit- 
 imate child in April, 1878, in a pool of water in Lincoln Township. 
 
 Lindsey Dowell, of Fox Creek Township, committed suicide on 
 the 29th of January, 1880, by hanging himself with a whip lash. He 
 was a mere boy, only sixteen, and committed the deed in a fit of 
 despondency, occasioned by an incurable ailment of the eyes. 
 
 In 1880 or 1881, an old man by the name of Andrew ^^chroff, who 
 lived a few miles from Bethany, committed suicide by shooting him- 
 self. Cause not known. 
 
 About the year 1881 or 1882 Samuel Moore, a resident of Colfax 
 Township, shot and killed himself on account of his wife refusing to 
 live with him. 
 
 The last suicide committed in the county was that of W. L. Fox- 
 worthy, which occurred in April, 1886. 
 
 The following from the Bethany Republican is an account of the 
 sad affair. 
 
 "He was well educated, intelligent, and a gentlemen in every 
 respect. He became connected with the public schools of the county, 
 and was a popular teacher. He taught three terms of school in the 
 TuU neighborhood, and had begun on a fourth term the Monday 
 before his death. While teaching there he formed the acquaintance 
 of Miss Fanny Tull, whose sad death last fall from consumption will 
 be remembered . The acquaintance ripened into friendship and then 
 love. They became engaged, and the day of the marriage was set. 
 Miss Tull was rapidly failing in health, but neither one of there seemed 
 to comprehend that it was possible death was so soon to mar all their 
 bright anticipations and plans for the future. To her, with all the 
 beautiful visions of life just dawning, hope held out the certainty of 
 recovery and many years of pleasure and happiness with her lover and 
 husband. To him, that one so young, bright, fair and beautiful, 
 should be standing so near the golden gates of Heaven, was incompre- 
 hensible. He refused to believe or even think it. Alas! the rude 
 awakening came. The bright dream of life vanished. Two days 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 297 
 
 before the wedding was to be death claimed its victim, and all the 
 world's glory was shut out from the lover's eyes forever. All of his 
 hopes and ambitions were covered up by the clods of her grave. 
 
 "After her death it was noticed by his fi-iends that he was a differ- 
 ent man. He became gloomy and despondent, and brooded over his 
 great sorrow. He visited the grave of his lost love many times, and 
 remained for hours communing with her spirit. His great grief and 
 brooding overtm'ned his reason, causing him finally to commit his 
 rash act. 
 
 ' ' He taught his school from Monday until Wednesday night, when 
 he went over to the house of Mi'. Tolliver, near the Bodam mill, where 
 he remained over night. There he sharpened his razor, and shaved 
 himself. In the morning he returned to his school and taught until 
 evening. "When he dismissed his scholars he told them he had the 
 worst headache he ever had in his life. He was then seen crossing 
 the fields toward the Bodam schoolhouse, three miles away, by neigh- 
 bors, and was not seen again alive. The scholars went to school 
 next morning, but he did not appear. That evening his friends 
 became alarmed over his absence, and resolved upon a search for him 
 the next morning. Early Saturday morning Mr. Jacob Bodam sent 
 one of his little boys to their schoolhouse near by, to see if Mr. Fox- 
 worthy was there, and was following up himself, when the little fellow 
 came running back with the word that he was there dead. A large 
 crowd of neighbors, who had intended searching for him, was soon 
 gathered there. The body lay upon its right side, and about eighteen 
 inches from his right arm, which was extended, lay the instrument of 
 death, a bloody razor. Examination showed two wounds in his neck, 
 each beginning just below the ear on either side, and extending down 
 to the windpipe. Each cut must have severed the jugular vein and 
 death was very quick. He had removed his collar and cufPs and laid 
 them upon the desk. From every appearance he must have committed 
 the deed Thursday night, as rats had eaten into his face in two dif- 
 ferent places. On the blackboard was written with chalk, ' I am 
 an innocent man. Telegraph to father.' Then followed the ad- 
 dresses of his father and uncle in Indiana. No letters or papers 
 were found upon the body to explain his act. " ' 
 
 Fatal Accidents. — The following are among the fatal accidents 
 that have been chronicled in Harrison County during the last thirty 
 years : 
 
 Campbell Dale, drowned in Trail Creek, February, 1861. William 
 R. Allen, burned to death while attempting to save some papers from 
 
 19 
 
298 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 his burning building in 1863. Four small children killed in a burning 
 building in the northern part of the county in 1861. John Lay, 
 drowned at Gainesville, May, 1867; body found five days later. Miss 
 Nevada Hill and a little daughter of Mrs. Harrison, drowned June, 
 
 1867, in Cat Creek, near the southern boundary of the county. In 
 
 1868, Miss Delilah Plymer, of Bethany, while attempting to kindle a 
 fire with kerosene oil, was burned to death. Jackson White, accident- 
 ally shot and killed himself while hunting, January, 1871. In March, 
 1871, J. G. Bryant, of White Oak Township, was kiUed by the falling 
 of a tree. On the 26th of May, 1870, a little daughter of Daniel 
 Thomas was burned to death about two miles west of Bethany. 
 December 14, of the same year, a three-year-old daughter of C. J. 
 White was biu'ned to death at his home, east of Eagleville. In May, 
 1860, a son of Mr. Burl, aged twelve years, was drowned in the creek 
 near Bethany. August 1, 1876, Warner Burris, a little son of Judge 
 George Burris, was crushed to death beneath a large pile of lumber 
 which was blown down by the wind. This sad affair occurred at the 
 village of Mitchellville. December 3, 1876, a little child of Charles 
 Paine was accidentally burned to death in Bethany. A son of Ransom 
 D. Hook, of Union Township, was killed by a falling pole March, 
 1877. July 12, 1878, Mr. Foster, an old gentleman, was found dead 
 on the road leading fi-om Eagleville to Iowa — supposed to have been 
 sunstroke. In July, 1878, a little child of Augustine Stoner, of 
 Madison Township, met with a violent death by running against a 
 pitchfork with which it was playing. The prongs of the fork pene- 
 trated the little fellow's breast, causing his death within a couple of 
 hours after the accident occurred. 
 
 A few years ago, P. A. Brooks, who lived several miles west of 
 Bethany, met with a fatal accident under the following circumstances: 
 Early in the morning he harnessed a pair of mules to do some 
 hauling, and led them to a well to water, and in so doing looped the 
 halter strap around his arm to hold them. While at the well the 
 animals became frightened, and started to run, dragging Mr. Brooks 
 over the ground, and kicking him in the face at almost every jump. 
 They ran quite a distance, and only stopped on reaching some timber 
 and thick brush, which arrested them. The gentleman who owned 
 the team, not knowing what detained Brooks, went to look after 
 him, and saw the blood-stained path made by his body being dragged 
 over the ground. He followed the path and soon came to where the 
 mules were, with the unfortunate man's arm still fastened in the 
 loop and not yet dead. He lived but a few minutes after found, dying 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 299 
 
 in great agony. His face was horribly cut, and his body badly 
 marked. 
 
 In April, 1881, while attempting to extinguish the fire of a burn- 
 ing fence, a young lady, daughter of William Stone, of Martinsville, 
 was horribly burned, from the effects of which she died in about 
 eight hours. William O. Thomas, a little son of Leonidas Thomas, 
 was crushed to death by a saw-log, August 19, 1874, at West Bethany. 
 November, 1882, a boy by the name of Levi Koach, accidentally shot 
 and killed himself while hunting near the village of Martinsville. 
 Some time in the seventies a young man by the name of Linville, an 
 employe in Smith's mill, at Bethany, while at work was caught in the 
 machinery, which so mangled him that he lived biit a few hoirrs. 
 
 RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 
 
 Churches of Bethany. — The subject of Christianity occupies a 
 conspicuous place in the history of every enlightened community, 
 and it is to the credit of the early settlers of Harrison County 
 that they were in the main a moral and God-fearing people. 'Tis 
 true there were among the pioneers, as is the case in all newly 
 settled countries, a rough element, ignorant, vicious and worthless, 
 but this element in Harrison County was the exception, and com- 
 prised only a few of the people. Of the majority their moral char- 
 acter was good, and scarce was the nucleus of a settlement formed 
 ere steps were taken to counteract in some way the influence of the 
 lawless and evil-minded. This early led to efforts at religious organi- 
 zation and instruction, and often hymns of praise were mingled with 
 the sound of the pioneer's ax. The Baptist and Christian denomina- 
 tions were the pioneers of religion in Harrison, and the latter 
 is still the strongest church numerically in the county. Elders A. B. 
 Hardin, of the Baptist, and John S. Allen, of the Christian Church, 
 are supposed tu have been the first ministers of any denomination to 
 proclaim the " good tidings that should be to all men " in the wilder- 
 ness of what is now Harrison County. 
 
 The former held religious worship as early as 1841, in the South- 
 ern part of the county, and to the earnest efforts of the latter the first 
 church society in Harrison was organized the same year. This was 
 the Bethany Christian Church, which diu-ing a long period of years 
 has been one of the strongest and most influential religious organiza- 
 tions in northern Missouri. 
 
 Soon after Elder Allen located in the new country be began hold- 
 ing meetings at Hanis' mill, and a little later at the residence of 
 
300 HISTORY OF HABRISON COUNTY. 
 
 John H. Poynter, about two miles southeast of Bethany, where, in the 
 summer of 1841, an organization was effected with the following 
 members: John H. Poynter and wife, Thomas Tucker and wife, 
 Miss Tobitha Tucker, Miss Nettie Tucker, Ephraim Stewart and wife, 
 W. R. Allen and wife, John S. Allen and wife, Thomas Brown and 
 wife, John W. Brown and wife, A. W. Allen, William C. Allen, 
 Levi Reeves and Mary Jennings, all of whom had formerly belonged 
 to the same branch of the church in the State from which they 
 emigiated. Philip Harris and wife united with the congregation, a 
 short time after the organization, and it was at their residence that 
 services were held at intervals for several years. John W. Brown and 
 Ephraim Stewart were elected elders of the congregation, and ' ' Big 
 Creek " was adopted as the name by which the chui'ch should be 
 known. Elder Allen continued to preach at stated intervals, and, 
 during the progress of a series of revival meetings conducted by 
 him in the fall of 1842, the congregation was increased by over 
 twenty additions, among whom were many of the leading citizens of 
 the community. For two or three years meetings were held alter- 
 nately at the residences of David Buck and Philip Harris, and after 
 the latter moved from the country Mr. Buck's dwelling was the prin- 
 cipal place of worship until the erection of a house for church and 
 school purposes in 1846. This building was a comfortable hewed, 
 log structure 20x24 feet in size, and stood about one-quarter of a mile 
 east of Bethany, upon a tract of land donated for church and burial 
 purposes. It answered well for what it was intended, and for several 
 years was the only building of its kind in the vicinity of Bethany. 
 It was destroyed by fire in 1849. 
 
 The society iinder the faithful ministrations of Elder Allen, assisted 
 by Ephraim Stewart, who fcegan preaching soon after the organiza- 
 tion was effected, continued to increase in numbers and influence, and 
 from 1849 to 1855 met for worship in the courthouse at Bethany. In 
 the latter year a substantial brick edifice 30x50 feet was built on 
 Alder Street, where the parsonage now stands, at a cost of $3, 500. Here 
 the society met and prospered until the year 1870, at which time the 
 rapidly growing congregation foreshadowed the necessity of a more 
 commodious house of worship. Accordingly, in that year, at the close 
 of a series of successful revival services, resulting in ninety additions 
 to the church, it was decided to erect a new building of enlarged pro- 
 portions, work upon which commenced a short time thereafter. A lot 
 on Alder Street, adjoining the one occupied by the first building, was 
 procured from John S. Allen, and work upon the new structure was 
 
STATE OF MISSODBI. 301 
 
 pushed forward as rapidly as the nature of the enterprise would admit. 
 The building was completed in 1872, at a cost of $7,000, and is by far 
 the finest specimen of church architecture in Harrison County. It 
 is 40x70 feet in size, elegantly finished and furnished, and from 
 its elevated position in one of the finest parts of the city commands 
 an extensive view of the sittrounding country. 
 
 Elder John S. Allen continued to look after the interests of the 
 church from the time of its organization until 1870, during which inter- 
 val the membership increased to about 400. Aside from his pastoral 
 labors Elder Allen did much missionary work in Northern Missoui-i, 
 and assisted in the organization of quite a number of churches in vari- 
 ous parts of Harrison and neighboring counties. His life and works 
 are too well known to need especial mention in this connection. He 
 is a man of splendid powers, a fine pulpit orator, and has much more 
 than a local reputation as an energetic and successful preacher. 
 
 In 1872 Elder W. H. Williams became pastor, in which relation 
 he continued about two years. His successor was Elder Turney, of 
 Trenton, under whose ministrations the church made substantial prog- 
 ress. The next pastor was Elder James Dunn, of Bethany, W. Va. , 
 a young man of fine abilities, and a good preacher. He ministered to 
 the church one year, at the end of which time Elder W. M. Browder 
 became pastor. As a preacher Elder Browder had few superior in the 
 west, and as a writer his name is known wherever the Christian Church 
 has an organization. In connection with the pastorate Elder Browder 
 for some time published a religious journal in Bethany, which obtained 
 a good circulation. Elder A. F. Parker succeeded Elder Browder, 
 and served the church with great acceptance for one year. His suc- 
 cessor was Elder Alexander Elliott, who preached two years. Will- 
 iam P. Summers was the next regular pastor. He served the chui-ch 
 one year, and was followed by the present incumbent, Elder W. H. 
 Hook, who began his labors in the spring of 1887. Elder Hook is an 
 earnest and effectual preacher, a good pastor, and through his instru- 
 mentality, quite a number of members have been added to the church. 
 
 Besides the regular pastors, several eminent ministers of the gospel 
 from abroad have visited the church from time to time, and broken to 
 them the bread of life. Among them, and chiefest, the distinguished 
 Benjamin Franklin may be mentioned. He visited the church dur- 
 ing the pastorate of Elder Williams, and assisted in a revival which 
 resulted in over ninety accessions. Elder M. M. Goode, of St. Joseph, 
 preached a series of discourses a few years ago, and by his able pres- 
 entation of the truth did much toward building up and strengthening 
 
302 HISTOKT OF HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 the congregation. Among others who held meetings at different times 
 were Elders Benjamin Lockhart, D. T. Wright, Benjamin Smith and 
 Aaron Walker. The membership at this time, owing to deaths and 
 removals, is not so strong as formerly, the records of 1887 containing 
 the names of about 250 communicants. The church officers are M. 
 S. Gillidett and W. H. Hook, elders; Wintield Eads, M. Carnelison, 
 John Rupe, George W. Phillips and A. D. Stubbs, deacons. The 
 elders of the church act as trustees. M. S. Gillidett is superintend- 
 ent of the flourishing Sunday-school, which has an average attendance 
 of eighty-five scholars. 
 
 Methodist. — The history of Methodism in Harrison County dates 
 from the fii'st settlement of the country by white men. Since then it 
 has maintained a firm and steadUy increasing hold on the people, until 
 it is one of the strongest and most useful church organizations in the 
 county, with an actual active membership of over 1,000, and property 
 valued at a high sum. Although the settlement in the county 
 of a number of Methodist families from the older States secured the 
 presence and attention of traveling ministers, and doubtless the tem- 
 porary formation of classes or societies, as they are called, and in that 
 way unquestionably gave to the church here a historical existence, 
 dating fi'om a very early day, yet it is not certain that the denomina- 
 tion had any permanent foothold in Bethany untU the lapse of several 
 years after the founding of the town. From the best information 
 obtainable it appears that traveling ministers of the church visited 
 the locality in an early day, going from house to house and from 
 neierhborhood to neighborhood, holding meeting's until their influence 
 was felt and impressed upon the people long before any organization 
 was effected or house of worship built. But little is now known of 
 these early preachers except that they were eminently pious and use- 
 ful in their day. Their very names meant the Methodism of the 
 times, and their lives were bright examples of goodness and holiness, 
 which exerted an influence for good in the community for many years 
 after they had passed away. While it cannot be stated with precision 
 when meetings were first held in Bethany, it is pretty certain 
 that a society was formally organized son:e time in the fifties if not 
 earlier. The first records of the church not being accessible it is 
 impossible to give the precise date of the organization, the circum- 
 stances which led thereto, or the names of the original members. 
 For a number of years the society was regularly supplied with preach- 
 ing, and worshiped in the first courthouse on the public square. 
 The earliest record now obtainable dates from the year 1863, at which 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 303 
 
 time Eev. Stephen G. Anderson was pastor. In the year following 
 Rev. John Morehead ministered to the society, and the class continued 
 to meet in the courthouse. In the intervals between 1864 and 1873 
 the church was served by the following pastors: Revs. Mahan, Spiu'- 
 lock, Hale, Dill, Graham, Cave, Rozzell, Hollingsworth and Beards- 
 ley. It was during the pastorate of Rev. IVIr. Beardsley, in 1870-71, 
 that the church building, now used by the congregation, was erected 
 and dedicated. Building material at that time was quite expensive, 
 and had to be hauled by teams from Chillicothe, making the structure 
 cost over $4, 000. The building is a commodious edifice with a seating 
 capacity of 400, but upon special occasions, with the use of chairs, has 
 accommodated many more than that number. In the three years which 
 followed the erection of the building the church was served a second 
 time by Rev. Mr. Morehead, and also by Rev. Isaac Hallock, both 
 of whom labored zealously for the upbuilding of the society. In the 
 year 1875, during the pastorate of Rev. Mi-. Hallock, the church was 
 blessed with a gracious revival, in which some twenty-five or thirty 
 united with the congregation. Mr. Hallock was assisted in the work 
 by Rev. Mr. Bennett, of Mercer County. 
 
 From 1878 to 1881 Rev. J. G. Thompson was pastor, at the expir- 
 ation of whose term Rev. Isaac Chivington took charge of the circuit. 
 He labored two years, and was successful in maintaining an interest in 
 the church. Up to the year 1883 the district in which Bethany is 
 situated was served by the following presiding elders: Wence, 
 Huffman, Hopkins, Thompson, Warner, Bayle and Powell. In March, 
 1883, Rev. William Renter was appointed to the work of the circuit. 
 He served two years, during which time fourteen members were added 
 to the congregation. The work at that time included the chui'ch at 
 Ridgeway, eleven miles north of Bethany. Rev. F. T. Stevenson 
 became pastor in April, 1885, but resigned the position the following 
 September. His successor was Rev. J. B. Grove, who served the 
 unexpired term. Rev. F. W. Pierce was af)pointed in the spring of 
 
 1886, and served until the spring of 1887, at which time he took charge 
 of the Gainesville work in the northeast part of the county. In March, 
 
 1887, Rev. R. L. Thompson, the present incumbent, became pastor, 
 since which the church has enjoyed a degree of prosperity unparalleled 
 in any previous period of its history. During a series of revival meet- 
 ings held by Mr. Thompson in the fall of 1887 there were over seventy 
 conversions and fifty accessions to the church. Rev. Mr. Thompson 
 is well known to the Methodists of Northwest Missouri, and occupies a 
 leading place in the ministry. He is a man of fine abilities, an 
 
304 HISTOBY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 impressive pulpit orator, and has few equals and no superiors as a 
 pastor. He has already won an abiding place in the afFections and 
 confidence of the people of Bethany, irrespective of chui-ch or creed, 
 and by his earnest and untiring efforts has induced many to abandon 
 the ways of sin for the better way leading to life and holiness. 
 
 Bethany was made a station in 1887, since which time services have 
 been held every Sabbath to the great advantage of the congregation; 
 present membership is 140. The officers of the church for 1887 are as 
 follows: Class leaders, Z. T. Rose and J. \V. Smith; stewards, 
 IVIrs. Hattie Myers, Mrs. J. Wightman, Mrs. E. Papineau, George W. 
 Wanamaker, George W. Barlow and Miss Lou Lewis; trustees, G. 
 W. Barlow, V. Price, J. M. Simms, M. A. Ford, John ^V. Kenyon, C. 
 Crossan and C. V>. Myers. The Sunday-school, under the auspices 
 of this church from the time of its organization many years ago, has 
 been regularly and successfully kept up, and has proved not only of 
 inestimable value to the young, but a great blessing to the chiu'ch. 
 At present it is in a prosperous condition, with an average attendance 
 of 120. The officers are as follows: Michael McCollum, superintend- 
 ent; Mrs. Dr. Vandivert, assistant superintendent; Henry Moulton, 
 treasui'er; Will Cover, librarian; Miss Hattie Dunn and Mrs. Anna 
 Spencer, organists. Teachers, A. Cushman, William Myers, J. L. 
 Thompson, IMrs. J. L. Thompson, Mrs. Bonser, Miss Blanche Simms, 
 Miss Morgan, Miss Lou Lewis, Miss Annette Cover and Henry 
 Moulton. 
 
 Cumberland Presbyterian Church. — The history of the Cumber- 
 land Presbyterian Church in Bethany dates fi-om the 10th of Sep- 
 tember, 1865, at which time an organization was effected through the 
 labors of Rev. Robert Speer with the following members: Bethuel 
 Buck, Mary Buck, Robert Speer, Margaret Speer, Nancy D. Speer, 
 Samuel P. Speer, John Holland and ]\Iargaret Holland. Bethuel 
 Buck was elected ruling elder, and the following year William G. 
 Lewis was chosen elder, a position he filled with great acceptance for 
 several years. The courthouse was used by the congregation until 
 1868, when a lot was procui'ed, and the present handsome brick edi- 
 fice erected. The building is a commodious structure, 40x50 feet 
 in size, with a seating capacity of 350, and represents a capital of 
 $2,000. The building has been greatly improved from time to time, 
 and is now a very comfortable and creditable temple of worship. 
 Among the pastors and stated supplies of the chiirch fi-om time to 
 time have been Revs. Robert Speer, J. W. French, J. M. Reagan, 
 Henry Tharp, Levi Henshaw and J. F. Rogers. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 305 
 
 February, 1867, the following trustees were elected : Betliuel Buck, 
 William G. Lewis and B. C. Batten. Marquis Gunn was elected 
 treasurer of the church, November, 1869, and at the same meeting 
 James A. Brewer was chosen clerk. Among the ruling elders of the 
 congregation were the following: Bethuel Buck, William G. Lewis, 
 James A. Brewer, Marquis Gunn, M. K. Howell, H. L. Schnatterly, 
 James Berry and Thomas Alexander. The ruling elders at this time 
 are M. K. Howell, James Berry, Thomas Alexander and Marquis 
 Gunn. Trustees, M. K. Howell, Marquis Gunn and William O' Neil. 
 
 Cainesville Churches. — The Cainesville Baptist Church was formally 
 organized in March, 1845, at what vvas known as Goshen Prairie, in 
 Mercer County, about six miles southeast of the present site of the 
 town. The record of the organization reads as follows: "We, Will- 
 iam Prewett, William Chambers, Rebecca Chambers, his wife ; Rebecca 
 MuUins, Sarah Wolf, Catherine Mullins and Sarah Griffith, having 
 met at the house of David Mullins, in Mercer County, Missouri, on the 
 third Sabbath of March, 1845, and having been formerly members of 
 the Baptist Church, after public worship conducted by Elder William 
 Henderson, do agree to form oui'selves into a United Baptist Church 
 capacity. ' ' 
 
 After drafting and adopting articles of faith, William Chambers 
 was elected clerk, pro tern., and the name Zoar given to the church. 
 Among those who united with the congregation in an early day were 
 Mary Davis, Jane Keefer, Hannah Hart, Elmira Nordyke, Susannah 
 Chambers, Elizabeth Chambers, Almira Chambers, Elizabeth Burns, 
 Eliza Bunyard, Deborah Lyall, Isaac M. Seay, Israel Nordyke, James 
 T. Chambers, Isaiah Chambers, Franklin Burns, Elijah E. Bruce, 
 Henderson Dagley and William J. Nordyke. 
 
 After holding meetings at private residences a few years, a house 
 of worship was erected about one and a half miles southeast of Caines- 
 ville, on land donated for the purpose of a church and cemetery by B. 
 F. Burns. The building was a frame structiire, 28x40 feet in size, 
 the interstice between ceiling and weather boarding filled with soft 
 brick, and the room furnished with seats manufactured from split linn 
 trees. These seats were merely rude benches without backs, and 
 served as an excellent means of testing the spirituality of an audie?ice 
 during the long discourses for which public worship in the good old 
 days was noted. Rev. Mr. Blakely served the church as pastor dur- 
 ing the early period of its history, and is remembered as a very pious 
 and successful preacher. Rev. John Woodward was perhaps the next 
 to sustain the pastoral relation. He accomplished a good work for 
 
306 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 the church, and was succeeded by Rev. Chesley Woodward, an able 
 and highly esteemed preacher, under whose ministration the congre- 
 gation enjoyed seasons of great prosperity. He filled the pulpit at 
 stated intervals for five or six years, during which time the member- 
 ship was increased by numerous additions. In 1867 Elder John 
 Woodward, successor of Chesley Woodward, and assisted by Elder W. 
 R. Goodell, held a series of revival meetings, the immediate result of 
 which was about fifty accessions to the church. The following year 
 Elder Woodward was assisted by Rev. J. H. Burrows, who entered 
 the ministry immediately after his conversion, and who has since earned 
 the reputation of being one of the ablest and most successful ministers 
 in the Baptist Church in Northwest Missouri. Mr. Burrows accepted 
 the pastorate in 1870, and continued in that relation with great accep- 
 tance for a period of some three years. About 1870 the wants of the 
 congregation foreshadowed the necessity of a house of worship of en- 
 larged proportions; accordingly a movement was inaugurated to erect a 
 suitable building, for which a lot in the southeast part of Cainesville was 
 donated by Rev. Mr. Woodward. The house, a beautiful fi-ame, 30x45 
 feet, was completed in due time, at a cost of §1, 200. It has been remod- 
 eled at different times, and with additional improvements is the most 
 commodious and comfortable church edifice in the town, seating com- 
 fortably over 300 peojale. Upon removing to the town the name Zoar 
 was dropped, and since that time the society has been known as the 
 Cainesville Baptist Church. 
 
 Since the expiration of the pastorate of Rev. John Woodward, 
 with the exception of about one year, during which the puljait was 
 filled by Rev. James M. Woodward, Elder J. H. Buitows ;has minis- 
 tered to the church. Revs. J. F. Moody and V. M. Harper preached 
 at intervals during the absence of Elder Burrows, but were not called 
 to the pastoral relation. 
 
 The church is one of the most flourishing societies in the West 
 Pork Association, numbering at this time over 150 communicants, the 
 largest membership since the organization. The chui'ch oflBcers are 
 Ralph Woodward, senior clerk; John W. Chambers, treasurer; B. F. 
 Burns and R. Woodward, deacons. 
 
 The Sunday-school under the auspices of the church is in prosper- 
 ous condition, the average attendance being about ninety-five. M. F. 
 Oxford is superintendent. The teachers are S. R. Cleveland, John 
 Bun'ows, John Woodward, Roy Chambers, W. C. Frazier, Jane Ox- 
 ford, Katie Wilson and Herbert Rogers. 
 
 Cainesville Methodist Episcopal Church. — The history of this soci- 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 307 
 
 ety dates from about the year 1859, at which time an organization was 
 efPected by Rev. Mr. Morton, with eight or ten members, among whom 
 are remembered the following: Barney Baker and wife, Mrs. Keturah 
 Tucker, Mrs. Nancy Frazee, Mrs. Laura Bailey, Mrs. Rhoda Pierce, 
 Ellen Pierce, Oliver Neal and Mrs. Patsy Neal. The old village 
 schoolhouse was used as a meeting place, where, for a number of 
 years class and prayer meetings were regularly held by a few of the 
 faithful members, the attendance frequently being but three or four. 
 The society did not increase very rapidly d\u'ing the early years of its 
 history, and at one time during the dark days of the war the member- 
 ship became somewhat indifPerent. There were several, however, whose 
 faith remained strong and steadfast and whose eiloi'ts kept the congre- 
 gation fi'om being disorganized. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Morton was succeeded as pastor by Rev. Mi-. Gaither, 
 who preached two years. Additional to the above, the following min- 
 isters sustained the pastoral relation from time to time: Revs. Mc- 
 Knight, Prince, Hail, New, Baker, Enyart, Dashler, Orr, Taylor, Al- 
 len, Canady andDevelin. Under the pastoral labors of Rev. Mr. Dash- 
 ler, the society was especially prosperous, while Revs. Baker, Enyart, 
 and Hail conducted successful revivals, which resulted in numerous 
 accessions to the church. The congregation continued to worship in 
 the schoolhouse until 1871, at which time the present neat frame edi- 
 fice, representing a capital of $1,300, was erected and formally dedi- 
 cated. In the spring of 1887, a fi-ame parsonage was built at a cost 
 of about $700. The pastor in charge at this time is Rev. Mr. Burris. 
 S. H. Glaze is class leader, and Chai-les Case superintends the Sun- 
 day-school, which is reported in prosperous condition. The teachers 
 are AVilliam Frazier, S. H. Glaze, I. N. Elliott, Charles Case, Levi 
 Hunt, L. D. Bain and Emma Neal. Owing to deaths and removals, 
 the chiirch is not as strong as formerly. 
 
 Christian Church. — This society was established in the fall of 1872 
 by members of an old society which was organized a number of years 
 ago at Booth's schoolhouse, three miles north of the town. The chief 
 movers in bringing about the Cainesville organization were J. B. Ox- 
 ford, A. Booth and E. Booth, who in the year 1872 began to discuss 
 the advisability of building a house of worship in the town. A lot 
 was accordingly procured and a subscription in favor of the building 
 started, to which the citizens generously responded. The house was 
 soon under way, and pushed forward as rapidly as the nature of the 
 work would admit. It was completed in due time at a cost of about 
 11,200, after which the organization was effected by Elder William H. 
 
308 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Hook, of Bethany, assisted by Zachariah Ogle, James D. Oxford, 
 A. and E. Booth. The membership at the time of the organization 
 was about thirty-five or forty, the majority of whom made the "good 
 confession" during a revival meeting conducted by Elder Josephus 
 Porter. Elder Porter visited the church at intervals thereafter, and 
 by conducting series of revival meetings, did much toward strength- 
 ening the congregation. The following preachers have ministered to 
 the church from time to time: Elders W. H. Hook, J. D. Oxford, T. B. 
 Scoville, J. L. Vannoy, William Richardson, Samuel Hedrick, J. H. 
 Coffey and the present pastor, H. I. Bryant; present membership, 
 eighty; elders, A. Booth, E. Booth and W. Booth; deacons, Dun- 
 can and Stephen Rogers; Sunday-school superintendent. Dr. W. D. 
 Bryant. 
 
 Christian Church, at Booth' s schoolhouse, north of Gainesville, to 
 which reference is made above, was organized in 1865 by Elder William 
 Moore. The original membership was about twenty-five or thirty, a 
 number which has since increased to eighty. Meetings are still held 
 in the schoolhouse. ^Yilliam Moore and A. Booth have been the prin- 
 cipal persons in conducting the services. A Sunday-school with an 
 average attendance of seventy- five is superintended by Mr. Booth. 
 
 Methodist Church. — A few miles west of Gainesville, in Madison 
 Township, is a society of the Methodist Ghurch, whose history dates from 
 about 1857. Meetings had been held by traveling ministers at private 
 residences two or more years previous to that time, but in that year a 
 permanent organization was effected, and a log house of worship was 
 erected. In this building several denominations conducted public wor- 
 ship, but it was always known as a Methodist Chiu'ch. In 1877 the 
 old building was replaced by a beautiful fi-ame structure, one of the 
 finest country churches in Harrison Gounty. The society is in a pros- 
 perous condition, and is ministered to at this time by Rev. John Bur- 
 ns, pastor in charge of the Gainesville Circuit. 
 
 Churches of Eagleville and Vicinity. — The Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Eagleville was organized some time jirior to 1858, in a log 
 schoolhouse which stood near the village. But limited satisfaction 
 was derived in tracing the early history of this society, the first records 
 not being accessible, and nearly all the old members having died or 
 removed to other parts. Among the earliest preachers are remem- 
 bered Revs. Derie, Burton, Anderson and Gave, and in the list of 
 early members were A. Barber and wife, Joel Hall and wife, and John 
 Whitsett. 
 
 In about the year 1859 a lot was procured in the southwestern 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 309 
 
 part of Eagleville, and a little later a frame house of worship was 
 erected thereon. The building was not completed for several years, 
 but answered the purposes of the congregation until sufficient means 
 could be raised to put it in proper condition. It has been remodeled 
 at different times, and is now a comfortable and commodious 
 structure. 
 
 The class is not as strong numerically as in the earlier years of its 
 history, the number of communicants at this time being but thirty. 
 J. L. Hunsicker, class leader; J. L. Hunsicker and Mrs. HofPman, 
 stewards; Mr. Schaeffer, Mrs. Hoffman and Mrs. Wyant, trustees. 
 
 Eagleville Baptist Church was organized in April, 1864, by Rev. 
 John Woodward, with thirteen members, among whom were the fol- 
 lowing: Thomas Dickey, Hamilton Dickey, Mary Dickey, Nancy 
 Dickey, Emma Fitch, William Baldwin, Louisa Richey and Mrs. 
 Richey. The organization was effected in the Methodist Church, 
 which was used by the congregation until 1872. In that year a beau- 
 tiful frame house of worship was erected at a cost of about $1,500. 
 The pastors of the church have been Revs. John Woodward, six 
 years; J. H. Burrows, four years; then Mr. Woodward again for two 
 years; M. N. Allen a short time, and V. M. Harper, two years. In 
 1875 the church had the names of 175 members upon the records, a 
 number which has since greatly decreased, the present membership 
 being fifty four. 
 
 The Eagleville Christian Church was organized some time in the 
 sixties by Elder Lockhart, who held a revival meeting in the village, 
 the result of which was sixty conversions. Services were held in the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, halls and other places until 1875, at 
 which time a good fi-ame building, 30x50 feet in size, was erected. 
 
 The church was reorganized in the fall of 1886, by Elder Jasper 
 Coffey; present membership, eighty. The pastor in charge is Elder 
 William Richardson. The Sunday-school under the superintendency 
 of A. W. Allen has an average attendance of forty scholars. 
 
 A society of the United Brethren Church was organized at Eagle- 
 ville in 1883. It has a fair membership, and is ministered to at this 
 time by Rev. David Beauchamp. 
 
 There is also a small society of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 South, which meets for worship in the Baptist Church. Rev. Mr. Set- 
 tles is pastor. 
 
 Sundry Churches. — Highland Chapel U. B. Church, in Union 
 Township, not far from Eagleville, was built in 1880, at a cost of 
 $968. It is a one-story frame building and has a seating capacity of 
 
310 H18T0KY OF HAKRI80N COUNTY. 
 
 about 300. The society which meets for worship at Highland Chapel 
 has a small membership, ministered to at this time by Eev. D. A. 
 Beauchamp. The building stands in the northwest part of the town- 
 ship, on land donated by Jeremiah Mumma. 
 
 Mount Gilead Christian Church, west of Eagleville, was organ- 
 ized about the year 1876 or 1877, and at this time has an active mem- 
 bership of fi'om sixty-five to seventy. The house of worship is a 
 frame building erected in 1877 or 1878. The pastor in charge at the 
 present time is Elder Adams. 
 
 Bethel United Brethren Church, in Colfax Township (northern 
 part), is a flourishing society, numbering in the fall of 1887 about 
 forty-two members. The house of worship is a neat fi'ame building, 
 erected about the year 1870 at a cost of over $1,000. 
 
 Mount Pleasant Baptist Church No. 2, in the northeastern 
 part of Colfax Township, was organized in 1853. The first 
 pastor was Eev. John Woodward, who ministered to the con- 
 gregation at intervals for a number of years. Three years after 
 the organization a log building was erected about four miles 
 west of the site occupied by the present house of worship. The 
 present building, a fi-ame structure, was erected in the year 1877 
 at a cost of $1,200. Rev. Joseph H. Burrows, of Cainesville, 
 was pastor for several years, after whom Eevs. Harper and 
 Woodward preached at different times; present pastor, Eev. O. 
 E. Newman. The first deacons were J. V. Brooks and Gr. J. Ward- 
 rip; pi'esent deacons, E. T. Eichardson and W. Taylor; trustees, E. 
 T. Eichardson, J. N. Eichardson and J. W. Brooks. 
 
 The Methodists have a strong organization and a substantial 
 house of worship at the village of Akron, in Clay Township. Th^ 
 present building was erected in 1873, and dedicated by Eev. Amos 
 Wilson, of Leon, Iowa. The membership at this time is about sixty- 
 tive. The Sunday-school is under the efficient superintendency of E. 
 N. Roberts. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Akron was organized December, 
 1863, by Eevs. William Eeed and Duncan McEuer. David and 
 Morgan Frazier were the first elders. So far as now known about twenty 
 members went into the organization. The present house of worship 
 was erected and dedicated in 1876; present membership, sixty. The 
 pastor in charge at this time is Eev. Mr. McKay. William Frazier is 
 superintendent of the Sunday-school. 
 
 The Roman Catholics have a large congi-egation in Clay Town- 
 ship. A beautiful building was erected in the year 1871, since which 
 
 ii 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 311 
 
 time the church has gone by the name of Mound St. Mary. Mass 
 was first celebrated in the building by Father Powers, of Maryville, 
 Mo. The present pastor is Father Coullen, of Stanberry. The origi- 
 nal number of Catholic families belonging was twenty -two; the number 
 at this time is forty. 
 
 In Lincoln Township is a society of United Brethren, the organi- 
 zation of which took place in 1865. It was reorganized in 1887 under 
 the name of Danford Church, and at this time has a membership of 
 thirty-five. Rev. David Beauchamp is pastor. There is also a 
 Christian Church in the eastern part of the township which has a 
 good membership. 
 
 Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church is situated in Section 
 17, Washington Township, and dates its history from about the year 
 1865 or 1866. There were twelve original members, to wit: Adam 
 Wilson and wife, Elizabeth Wilson, Martha Wilson, George Westlake 
 and wife, Eli Westlake, Elizabeth Baker, Mrs. Lent, Margaret 
 Bowser, Emanuel Fluke and wife. The building in which the con- 
 gregation now meets for worship was erected in 1873, at a cost of 
 $1,100. Present membership, sixty; pastor, Rev. W. R. Wood; 
 class-leader, Joseph Wright; trustees, F. Zimmerman, J. W. Chesney, 
 Joseph Wright, Abraham Smith and J. R. Mitchell ; recording steward, 
 J. D. Wilson. 
 
 In the fall of 1887 there was a Bajptist Church organization eflPected 
 near the home of W. S. Young, of Washington Township, with twelve 
 charter members and five additions. Elder J. B. Seat was called as 
 pastor. 
 
 White Oak Grove (Missionary Baptist) Church, in the southwest 
 corner of Madison Township, was organized in 1885, by Revs. Wood- 
 ward, Harper and Withard. Meetings are regularly held in what is 
 known as the Young schoolhouse, by the pastor. Rev. C. M. Withard; 
 present membership, twelve. 
 
 Pleasant Valley Baptist Church, southeast part of Marion Town- 
 ship, was organized February 7, 1885, by Revs. J. H. Burrows and 
 John Woodward. Meetings were held in the Pleasant Valley school- 
 house until the summer of the above year, when a temple of worship, 
 costing $800, was erected. It was dedicated in September, 1885, by 
 Rev. J. H. Burrows, who served as pastor until the fall of 1887; 
 present pastor. Rev. Mr. Newman; membership, thirty-eight. 
 
 Churches of Ridgeway. — There are two religious societies at 
 the town of Ridgeway, Methodist Episcopal and Christian. The 
 former was organized in the fall of 1881, by Rev. Isaac Chivington, 
 
312 HISTORY OF HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 with a membership of about twenty or twenty-five. A building was 
 erected the same fall, at a cost of $1,400. It is a frame structure, 
 stands in the southern part of the town, on Pine Street, and will com- 
 fortably seat 300 persons. The society is not so prosperous as 
 formerly, the membership at this time numbering about sixty. The 
 following pastors have served the congregation from time to time: 
 Revs. Chivington, Develin, Renter, Stevenson, Grover, Reno and 
 Pierce. J. E. Opdyke and IVIrs. J. Travis are stewards; Levi Goodwin, 
 classleader. 
 
 The Christian Society was organized May 21, 1882, with about 
 forty-one members. The minister who brought about the organization 
 was Elder W. H. Richardson. Previous to the organization a neat 
 frame building was erected in the northwest part of the village, at a 
 cost of $1,500. It was completed in the spring of 1881. W. H. 
 Richardson, J. H. CofPey, Elder Parker and B. A. Wilkinson have 
 preached for the congregation, which at this time numbers about 150. 
 The church is in a flourishing condition, and is ministered to at the 
 present time by Elder James Connoran. Officers, William Rakestraw, 
 William Ellington, George Grant and T. J. Hasty, elders; James 
 Hughes, Eliseph Munson and Ellis Hopkins, deacons. Connected 
 with the chui'ch is a prosperous Sunday-school, superintended by T. J. 
 Hasty; the teachers are SIi's. L. H. Oxford, Mrs. S. H. Coleman, Mrs. 
 S. D. Rardin, Mrs. T. J. Hasty and L. J. Hasty. Average attendance, 
 sixty- five. 
 
 Churches of Blythedale. —The fii-st religious society in the town 
 of Blythedale was a Presbyterian Church, organized in 1883, under 
 the auspices of the Presbyterian Missionary Board of New York. 
 This board offered to furnish one-third the cost of a building if the 
 citizens of the town would procure the balance — a proposition which 
 was accepted. Accordingly the building was erected in due time, and 
 cost the sum of $1,600. After completion of the house a soc ety of 
 eight members was organized by Rev. William Marshall, of St. Louis. 
 Rev. Hemsley visited the little congregation from time to time, as did 
 also other ministers. Owing to deaths and removals however, the 
 organization was finally disbanded, and the building sold to the 
 Baptists. 
 
 Baptist Church. — The Blythedale Baptist Church was formally 
 organized October, 1885, with seventeen members; Revs. Pope Yea- 
 man, J. H. Burrows and John Woodward conducting the exercises. 
 The organization took place in the building formeily erected by the 
 Presbyterians, which the society purchased in a short time. Moses 
 
HARRISON GOUMTY 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 313 
 
 Scott and W. J. Nevill were elected deacons, and Rev. J. H. Burrows 
 became pastor. Present membership, twenty-one. 
 
 The Union Sunday- school, which meets in Blythedale, lain a pros- 
 perous condition, with an average attendance of forty scholars. It 
 was established in 1882, and has been kept up with encoiu-aging 
 success ever since; W. B. Oden is superintendent. Teachers, Jesse 
 Young, W. B. Oden, Mrs. M. A. Young, Mi-s. Harriett Oden, Mi-s. 
 Byers and Daniel Wagner. 
 
 A society of the Christian Church was organized at Blythedale 
 in the spring of 1884, by Elder W. H. Richardson, who preached 
 thereafter about two years. The original membership was twenty- 
 five; present membership thirty-iive. Meetings are held in the Bap- 
 tist Church. W. B. Oden is elder, and Aaron Saunders, deacon. 
 
 Mount Moriah Churches. — There are three churches in Mount 
 Moriah, viz. : Baptist, Methodist and Christian. The Baptist society 
 was organized in the year 1862, and meetings were first held in a 
 vacant store-room. The present house of worship was erected about 
 the year 1877. It is a substantial fi-ame structure, and represents a 
 capital of $1,600. Among the pastors of the church have been elders 
 John Woodward and J. H. Bm-rows. Present pastor is Eev. V. M. 
 Harper. The society has enjoyed a reasonable degree of prosperity, 
 and at the present time numbers 113 communicants. 
 
 The Methodist class was established a little later than the Baptist, 
 and is now one of the most flourishing congregations in the eastern 
 part of the county. The house in which the congregation meets for 
 worship was built in 1877, at a cost of $1,500 or $1,600. Present 
 pastor. Rev. C. A. Watson. 
 
 Churches of New Hampton — Christian. — The Christian Church of 
 New Hampton was organized about the year 1882 or 1883, by Elder 
 W. H. Hook, of Bethany, with the following members: I. N. Carson, 
 L. C. Carson, J. K. Thomas, John H. Duncan, Cordelia Duncan, Kate 
 Willey, Harriett Headington, Nellie Yeater, — — Halloway, Russell 
 Patton, E. N. Cuddy, Stephen C. Duncan, M. O. Shrimpin, Charles 
 
 McCoy, M. J. McCoy, Adelia Shrimpin, Frank Elliott, Wagoner, 
 
 Wagoner, James Clawson, Clawson and Edward Powers. 
 
 The organization was the immediate outgrowth of a series of meetings 
 held by Elder Hook, during the progress of which a great religious 
 interest was awakened in the community. Meetings were held in a 
 hall, and Elder Hook continued to minister to the church as oppor- 
 tunities would admit for several months. After he discontinued his 
 
314 HI8T0EY OF HABBISON COUNTY. 
 
 visits, however, the interest began to decrease, and in about eighteen 
 months the society became practically disorganized. 
 
 In the winter of 1884 Elder A. I. Myhre, State evangelist of the 
 Christian Church of Missouri, visited the town, and held a protracted 
 meeting, during which a reorganization was effected, the following 
 persons uniting themselves with the church: J. H. Anslyne and wife, 
 Lou Anslyne, R. P. Halloway and wife, L. Headington and wife, 
 Mrs. S. E. Wagoner, A. J. Wagoner, Dr. M. H. Eades, C. McCoy, 
 Mrs. M. V. McCoy, J. A. Sevier and wife, Anna B. Sevier, IVIi-s. F. 
 Ryan, Mrs. L. K. Willey, Elizabeth Ricketts, Mrs. Meredith, I. N. 
 Carson and wife, S. C. Duncan and L. J. Arbuckle. The following 
 officers were chosen by the congregation: I. N. Carson and M. H. 
 Eades, deacons; J. H. Anslyne and C. McCoy, elders; and M. H. 
 Eades, clerk. After the organization was perfected a building com- 
 mittee, composed of the following members, was appointed: J. 
 H. Anslyne, Dr. Eades, I. N. Carson, Charles McCoy, W. Headington 
 and George Meredith. A lot was procured, upon which, in 1885, a 
 beautiful fi-ame temple of worship, 24x36 feet, costing about 11,000, 
 was erected. Elder Henry W. Myric, of Gentry County, has minis- 
 tered to the society since its reorganization, and is the present pastor. 
 The church is in a prosperous condition, and at this time numbers 
 about seventy-six communicants. 
 
 Presbyterian. — The New Hampton Presbyterian Church was or- 
 ganized on the 28th of February, 1885, by Rev. Duncan McRiver, of 
 Gentry County. The first meeting was held at what is known as 
 "Foster's Chapel," or "Union Church," about one and a half miles 
 south of the village. The following are the names of the constitu- 
 ent members: John W. Virden, Caroline D. Virden, J. W. Carroll, 
 Mary S. Carroll, M. Cochrane, Elizabeth Cochrane, George Tennant 
 and Margaret Tennant. The Union Chui'ch was used by the congre- 
 gation about one year, at the end of which time a frame house of 
 worship, 28x40 feet, was erected in the village, at a cost of $1,200. 
 Eev. D. McRiver served as jjastor from the organization until Decem- 
 ber, 1886, since which time the pulpit has been regularly filled by the 
 present incumbent, Eev. James A. McKay. John W. Virden, J. W. 
 Carroll and M. Cochrane are elders. A flourishing Sunday-school is 
 in connection with the church. 
 
 The Christian Church is a flourishing society, and meets for 
 worship in the Baptist building. Elders M. F. Oxford, W. H. Rich- 
 ardson, J. H. Coffey and others have ministered to the congregation 
 at different times. 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 315 
 
 Mount Pleasant Church, No. 1, {Missionary Baptist), in Fox Creek 
 Township, is an old organization, its history dating from 1851. It has 
 a membership of about ninety, and is reported in good condition. 
 
 Bethel Baptist Church, Sherman Township, was organized March 
 25, 1886, by Rev. O. E. Newman. A house of worship costing $900 
 ■was erected in November of the same year; membership, seventy- five; 
 pastor, O. E. Newman. 
 
 Antioch Christian Church, in the western part of Sherman Town- 
 ship, is aa old society. The house of worship is a fi-ame building 
 erected early in the seventies; present pastor. Elder J. F. Jordan. 
 
 In Section 27, Sherman Township, is a Methodist society, which 
 meets for worship in a substantial frame building erected several years 
 ago. 
 
 Mount Gilead Church {Christian), in Union Township, was organ- 
 ized about the year 1877. The society has a good membership, and a 
 substantial fi-ame house of worship. 
 
 There are several church organizations in White Oak Township, 
 and four- fi-ame houses of worship. The Baptists have a church known 
 as "Mount Zion" four miles east of New Hampton; and about one 
 and a half miles south of the village, in Section 19, is a Union Church 
 building in which different denominations meet for worship. There 
 is a Southern Methodist Church several miles northeast of the town in 
 Section 11, also an organization of the same denomination known as 
 ' 'Shady Grove Church, ' ' in the southeastern part of the township. 
 
 Additional to the churches mentioned there are several other relig- 
 ious societies in Harrison County, among which are the following: 
 New Hope Baptist Church, Fox Creek Township; Christian Baptist 
 and United Brethren Churches at Blue Ridge; Christian societies at 
 Bridgeport, Butler Township; Christian, Methodist and Presbyterian 
 Churches at Martinsville; Christian Union Church in Sugar Creek 
 Township; Methodist Episcopal Church at Bolton; Morris Chapel, 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, Bethany Township, and several others 
 in various parts of the county. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 No question is of more vital importance to the people than that of 
 education. Nothing for which the State pays money yields so large 
 a dividend upon the cost as the revenue expended upon the schools. 
 From the scene of the teacher' s labors there are radiated into society 
 the great and beneficent influences that kindle its ardors for activity, 
 which light civilization on its widening way, and which hold the dear- 
 
316 HISTORY OF HABBISON COUNTY. 
 
 est interests of humanity in its hands. Statistics are the smallest 
 exponents of the schools; there are values that cannot be computed by 
 dollars and cents. The first active steps taken by Missouri to extend 
 the fostering aid of State patronage to the interest of general educa- 
 tion date from about the year 1839. By the terms of the first consti- 
 tution of the State it was provided that "one school or more shall be 
 established in each township, as soon as practicable and necessary, 
 where the poor shall be taught gratis." 
 
 The establishment of the public school system of Missouri in its 
 essential features, without restricting its benefits to the ' 'poor, ' ' and 
 with the main features of State and local organization, was effected by 
 the Tenth General Assembly during the administration and in accord- 
 ance with the recommendation of Gov. Boggs, in February of the 
 above year. 
 
 The system as then adopted has been variously modified from time 
 to time, almost every Legislature having taken some action upon this 
 most important of all questions. According to the law of 1870 each 
 congressional township constituted a district. Under the law approved 
 March, 1844, the township line was retained simply to assist in the 
 numbering and designation of school districts. Each county at present 
 contains a certain number of districts the management of which is 
 looked after by a board of directors elected by the citizens of the dis- 
 trict. The ordinary district system is modified by the occasional estab- 
 lishment of central graded schools, in which case the districts so dis- 
 posed unite for the establishment of schools of higher grades. 
 Another modification is, the district lying within an incorporated village 
 vote themselves into special districts governed by separate laws grant- 
 ing special privileges. Most of the village, town ^nd city graded 
 schools are organized in this way. 
 
 The present school system of the State is pre-eminently popular and 
 Democratic, and under it the cause of general education has made 
 rapid and substantial progress. 
 
 Means for the support of the public schools are derived from per- 
 manent State, county and township investment, and from local taxa- 
 tion. 
 
 The public school fund of the State has accumulated from the 
 proceeds of the sale of public lands granted by the United States to 
 the State, and from stocks, bonds and other values transferred from 
 time to time to the school endowment. The statement of the State 
 school fund for the year 1886 is as follows: 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 317 
 
 Certificates of indebtedness at 6 per cent |3,909,000 00 
 
 Certificates of indebtedness at 5"per cent 225,000 00 
 
 In treasury to credit of State fund 414 80 
 
 Total $3,134,414 80 
 
 The interest oa the fund, with a certain per cent of the State rev- 
 enue, constitutes the fund for the annual distribution or apportionment 
 to all children of the State between the ages of six and twenty-one 
 years. 
 
 County school funds arise chiefly from the sale of swamp lands 
 donated by the general Government to the State, amounting origi- 
 nally to 4,300,000 acres, and patented to the counties for school pur- 
 poses. This money is loaned by county courts, and the interest devoted 
 to the yearly support of the schools. 
 
 The township school fund has its source in a grant of land by the 
 Government, consisting of Section 16 in each congressional town- 
 ship, and amounting, in the aggregate, to 1,200,000 acres. The 
 larger portion of these lands has been sold, and the proceeds have 
 been invested by the county courts in trust for the benefit of the town- 
 ships to which they belong. The annual income of the township 
 fund is appropriated to the various townships according to their respec- 
 tive proprietary claims. 
 
 The direct taxation laid upon the taxable value of each district sup- 
 plements the support yielded by the permanent funds. Additional to 
 the above there is a special school fund, secured by grant, gift, devise 
 or special legislation. The county fund is annually increased by the 
 net proceeds of fines, penalties, estrays and forfeitures. 
 
 At this time Missouri claims the proud distinction of having the 
 largest school fund of any of the States. The following is the exhibit 
 for the year ending June 30, 1883: 
 
 Total amount to credit'of State school fund | 3,134,414 80 
 
 University or seminary fund 519,095 08 
 
 County public scliool fund 3,300,668 39 
 
 Township public scliool fund 3,441,048 16 
 
 Special school fund 71,455 44 
 
 Fines, penalties, forfeitures, etc 121,379 94 
 
 Total school funds $10,587,961 81 
 
 County Schools. — That the pioneers of Harrison County early took 
 an interest in education is evinced by the fact that schools were estab- 
 lished in the various localities nearly as soon as the settlements were 
 made. In the early development of the country, however, there were 
 a great many obstacles in the way of general education. Settlements 
 
318 HISTORY OF HABEISON COUNTY. 
 
 were sparse, and money or other means of remunerating teachers were 
 scarce, as the pioneers of nearly all new countries are poor. There 
 were no schoolhouses erected, and competent instructors were dif- 
 ficult to obtain. 
 
 All persons of both sexes, who had physical strength to labor, were 
 compelled to take their part in the work of securing a support. In 
 the last place, books were scarce. Taking all these facts together, the 
 wonder is that they made any progress in educational matters at all. 
 But the pioneers deserve the highest praise for their prompt and ener- 
 getic efforts in this direction. Just as soon as settlements would 
 justify schools were begun, and as population and wealth increased 
 schoolhouses were erected and educational facilities extended. 
 
 The early schools of the county were of the commonest kind, and 
 for a number of years the schoolhouses, books, teachers and methods 
 of instruction were of a primitive character. The buildings, as a rule, 
 were small log structures, with puncheon or dirt floors, furnished 
 with rude benches made of the split trunks of trees, and heated by a 
 large opened-mouthed fireplace, which occupied nearly the whole end 
 of the apartment. Light was admitted through a long window made 
 by the removal of a log from the wall of the building, and the desks 
 were usually nothing more than rough boards resting upon pins driven 
 into the wall. These primitive buildings gave way in time to more 
 comfortable frame structures, but the remains of some of the humble 
 temples of learning are yet to be found in various parts of the county, 
 eloquent of times forever past. 
 
 The schools of Harrison County at the present day will compare 
 favorably with those in any other part of the State. Competent 
 teachers are employed, and the course of instruction embraces all the 
 branches iisually taught in common schools. By a system of town- 
 ship institutes the teachers are enabled to keep abreast of the times, 
 and the growing tendency is to relegate incompetent instructors to a 
 place in the rear. The school buildings are good frame structures, 
 the majority of which are supplied with all the modern educational 
 appliances. 
 
 STATISTICS OF 1886. 
 
 Number of white children of school age 7,393 
 
 Number of colored children 34 
 
 Total 7,437 
 
 Total number enrolled 5,773 
 
 Total number of days" attendance in 1885-86 269,163 
 
 Average day's attendance 47 
 
STATE OF MISSOTJEI. 319 
 
 Number of days school has been taught 13, 853 
 
 Average number attending each day 2,340 
 
 Number of teachers 144 
 
 Average salary $38.10 
 
 Number of rooms occupied 150 
 
 Seating capacity of all rooms 6.637 
 
 Number of white schools 139 
 
 Number of colored schools 1 
 
 Cost per day per pupil 045 
 
 Value of school property |54,928 
 
 PINAilCIAL. 
 
 Amount of county funds $63,907 01 
 
 Amount of township funds 30,811 16 
 
 Total of all funds 194,718 17 
 
 Fines, penalties, dog tax, etc $ 2,295 01 
 
 Amount on hand, July 1, 1886 15,310 95 
 
 Tuition fees 177 05 
 
 Received from public funds 768 95 
 
 Received from taxation 25,227 41 
 
 Total receipts $41,484 36 
 
 Paid teachers $23,960 32 
 
 Paid for fuel 1,753 07 
 
 Paid for repairs and rent 1,319 09 
 
 Paid for apparatus 2,074 59 
 
 Paid for new buildings 778 00 
 
 Sinking fund interest 4,979 33 
 
 Paid salary of district clerks 743 73 
 
 Total expenditures $35,637 13 
 
 Average levy 56 
 
 Bethany Schools. — The first school patronized by the citizeos of 
 Bethany was taugljt in the year 1846 by one Jonas R. Gray, 
 who used for the purpose the hewed-log building, which stood 
 about a quarter of a mile east of the town limits, on the land of David 
 Buck. This building was erected for church and school purposes, and 
 stood until some time in the fifties. Of the literary and professional 
 qualifications of Mr. Gray but little is now known. William Flem- 
 ing may also be mentioned among those who taught in the same build- 
 ing at an early date. William G. Lewis, a distinguished member of 
 the Bethany bar, was identified with the educational interests of the 
 town for a short time as a teacher, and is remembered as a very com- 
 petent and popular instructor. His successor was F. M. Goodpasture, 
 after whom schools were taught from time to time by Mr. Clenden- 
 ing, L. T. Morris, Dr. Skinner and others. 
 
320 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 After the destruction of the log building by fire, a small brick 
 schoolhouse containing a single apartment was erected in the south- 
 eastern part of the town, and subsequently opened for the accom- 
 modation of pupils. This building answered the purposes for which 
 it was intended iintil the increase of the school population rendered 
 additional accommodations necessary, when vacant rooms in various 
 parts of the city were secured, and at one time schools were taught in 
 the Christian Church. In 1870 an independent district with special 
 privileges was organized for Bethany, and the following board of 
 education elected: H. M. Cuddy, E. L. Hubbard, J. D. Wilson, W. 
 R. Simms, H. D. Dougherty, and Thomas D. Neal. The following 
 year H. D. Dougherty, D. S. Alvord, C. J. Blackburn, D. J. Heaston, 
 H. M. Cuddy and John Taggart were elected directors, and among 
 their first oflicial acts was the reorganization and grading of the schools 
 into four departments: high school, grammar, intermediate and primary. 
 
 The necessity of a building of sufficient proportion to accommo- 
 date the children of the town having long been manifest, the board in 
 the spring of 1871 took the necessary action, and submitted plans and 
 specifications. W. H. Hillman took the contract for $6, 500, and in 
 due time a two-story brick structure, 50x44 feet, containing three rooms 
 and a spacious hall was completed and ready for occupancy. The 
 school rooms were furnished with 102 double iron desks, and other 
 educational appliances were procured. 
 
 Schools in the new building commenced in the fall of 1871, under 
 the principalship of Prof. R. A. Lovitt, assisted by IMi-s. J. Stewart, 
 Mrs. Mary W. Kessler, and IVIrs. W. H. German. The teachers for 
 the school year 1872-73 were Prof. Frank Permont, jarincipal; Mrs. 
 Mary W. Kessler, grammar department; Mi-s. Frank Permont, inter- 
 mediate, and Jlrs. Sarah C. German, primary; 1873-74, S. Bow- 
 man, principal; Nancy E. Conner, Nannie E. Price and Alice Wood- 
 ward, assistant; 1874-75, D. K. Andrew, principal; assistants, M. • 
 A. Robbins, James L. Allen and Mrs. German; 1875-76, James 
 E. Dunn, principal; Alice Lewis, Sarah Newman, and ]\Irs. W. H. 
 German, assistants; 1876-77, Prof. John R. Kirk, principal; 
 assisted by the subordinate teachers of the previous year. The same 
 corps of instructors was employed dui-ing the year 1877-78; 
 1878-79, principal, J. R. Kirk; assistants, Lizzie lies, Lucy Young 
 and Mrs. German; 1879-80, J. R. Kirk, B. F. Thomas, Mrs. Ger- 
 man and James Rusk; 1880-81, J. R. Kirk, Isola Howard, Lillie 
 Lewis and Sarah Devers; 1881-82, F. D. Davis, principal; Sirs. 
 German, Sarah E. Devers and W. F. Parker, assistants; 1882-83, 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 321 
 
 Prof. J. W. Yowell, principal; Jeunie Lawver, Sarah E. Young, and 
 Mrs. German, assistants; 1883-84, Prof. B. Eiggs, principal; 
 Alice Skinner, Eva Tucker and Mrs. German, assistants. 
 
 In 1883 it was found necessary to enlarge the capacity of the school 
 building, and accordingly an addition of four rooms was built at a cost 
 of $7,000. The structure as it now stands is a fine specimen of archi- 
 tectui'e, and ranks among the most commodious and imposing school 
 edifices in the northern part of the State. The addition was com- 
 pleted in time for occupancy in the fall of 1884. With the increased 
 facilities for accommodation of pupils came the necessity for more 
 teachers, and two additional ones were therefore employed for the year 
 1884-85. Prof. J. W. Yowell was elected principal. His assist- 
 ants were James L. Allen, Cora Gilbert, R. R. Young, Mrs. German 
 and Lenora Parsons. 
 
 In the year 1885 Prof. J. R. Kirk was employed as superintend- 
 ent of the city schools, since which time their advancement in eiSciency 
 and excellence has been eminently satisfactory and substantial. Prof. 
 Kirk ranks high professionally, and as a successful manager of schools 
 occupies a conspicuous place among the leading educators of the 
 State. Prof. C. H. Corey, of Moulton, Iowa, a teacher of acknowledged 
 ability, has had charge of the high school since the fall of 1885. 
 The teachers of the subordinate departments in 1885-86 were Allie 
 Bains, Belle Morgan, Lou Lewis, Cora Gilbert and Mrs. N. E. Pratt. 
 The teachers for 1887-88 are as follows: C. H. Corey, high school; 
 George L. Owens, Miss Lee Buckles, Miss Lou Lewis, Miss Cora 
 Burris and Miss Esther Pratt in the subordinate departments. 
 
 Present Board of Education. — R. H. Wren, H. A. Moulton, M. A. 
 Ford, O. C. Macy, J. H. Nordyke and J. P. Hamilton. 
 
 Receipts for the year ending July 1, 1887, were $5,326.36, and 
 expenditures $4,813.39, of which amount $2,655 were paid as salary 
 to teachers. 
 
 STATISTICS OP THE DISTRICT. 
 
 Number of white pupils enrolled 368 
 
 Number of colored pupils enrolled 34 
 
 Daily attendance 264.33 
 
 Whole number days' attendance 3,647.50 
 
 Enrolled resident pupils 358 
 
 Non-residents 44 
 
 There is one colored school in Bethany, taught at this time by J. H. 
 Daily. 
 
 In addition to the public schools of Bethany, there have been at 
 different times private institutes of learning in the city, one of the 
 
322 HISTORY OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 first of which was the Bethany Collegiate Institute, established in the 
 year 1860 by Prof. W. D. Stewart. It was incorporated by an act of 
 the Legislature in 1864, and continued in successful operation for 
 several years. The course of study embraced the following branches : 
 Orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, the 
 higher mathematics, Latin, Greek, and some of the modern languages. 
 The school was taught in a hall in the building occupied at this time 
 by the Dunn Brothers and W. T. Harvey, southwest of the public 
 square. An effort was made at one time to erect a building for the 
 institution, but for some reason the enterprise was abandoned. Prof. 
 J. H. Carter and Hon. John C. Howell, late judge of the circuit 
 court, had charge of the institute at different times during the sixties. 
 
 A select school for instruction in the common and higher branches 
 of learning was established in Bethany about the year 1861, by Prof. 
 J. C. Bailey. It was in operation for a short time. 
 
 The schools of West Bethany are supported apart from those of 
 the city proper. The West Bethany building is a two-story fi-ame 
 structure, with two apartments. There is but one school, however. It 
 is taught at this time by Prof. Fremont Kidwell. 
 
 Cainesville Schools. — There is a two-story graded school building 
 in the town of Cainesville, erected in the year 1872. The teachers 
 for 1887-88 are: Prof. S. P. Davisson, princijaal; and Miss Allie Miles, 
 assistant. The term begins in September of each year and lasts eight 
 months. Average attendance, about 110. Board of education — W. 
 C. McKiddy, I. R. Hadley, G. R. Wilson, Dr. H. Nally, Dr. S. D. 
 Logan and George Cibborn. 
 
 The Mount Moriah schools are taught at the present time by 
 Prof. Samuel F. Church, principal, and Miss Nona Magraw, assistant. 
 
 Teachers of the Eagleville graded schools: Prof. E. Young, prin- 
 cipal; Miss Deckard, assistant. 
 
 Ridgeway — Henry Bun-ell, principal; Mrs. Yeater, assistant. • 
 
 Blythedale — Prof. H. Yeater, principal. 
 
 MILITARY HISTORY. 
 
 The history of a nation's wars is generally a history of that 
 nation's mistakes. Misrule at home or abroad, growing out of the 
 wrong-headedness of rulers, is the fruitful source of these mistakes. 
 War is always an aggression upon one side or the other; the stronger 
 from motives of cupidity and power, making encroachments upon the 
 rights and privileges of the weaker, or the weaker seeking to revenge 
 themselves upon the stronger. In the war between the mother country 
 
 i 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 323 
 
 and the colonies, the former was the aggressor. The King backed by 
 venal Parliament sought to impose onerous bui'dens of taxation upon 
 the struggling colonists, while at the same time persistently refusing 
 to concede to them the just and inalienable rights of representation. 
 The colonists insisted that taxation and representation were inseparable 
 and should go together, and, therefore, that ' ' taxes or subsidies of every 
 sort for the support of government, should be the voluntary tribute 
 of the people through their representatives. " The insistance upon 
 this principle of taxation without representation, without representa- 
 tion by Parliament on the one hand and its resistance by the colonies 
 on the other, soon brought about the heroic struggle which finally 
 resulted in the complete independence of the latter. 
 
 It is not the present purpose to recount any part of that eventful 
 period — it was over and almost forgotten before the greater portion of 
 Missouri was thought of as a possible habitation. After the struggle 
 was over, however, and the people again settled down to the more 
 peaceful vocation of life, the growing importance of the great West 
 began to attract the attention of many of the more adventurous spirits 
 of Virginia and the Carolinas. Some of the war-worn veterans of the 
 Revolution, by themselves or in groups, began to make their way 
 westward, and a number of years after the close of the war settled in 
 various j)arts of Missouri, a few seeking homes in what is now 
 Harrison County, when it was first opened to settlement. The names 
 of these patriots and all facts concerning them have long since faded 
 from the memory of man. Among the early comers to Northwest 
 Missouri wore several who participated in the Indian War and the last 
 struggle with Great Britain, but like the former, their names have 
 been forgotten in the rapidly passing years. 
 
 The military history of Harrison County properly begins at the 
 year 1843, at which time an order was received requiring the citizens 
 of the territory to organize into companies, the same to be called upon 
 whenever needed for service. Two of these militia companies were 
 organized in Harrison County, with Charles L. Jennings as colonel, 
 and Stephen C. Allen, major. Fortunately there was no necessity for 
 their active service, as the Indians were peaceably disposed, and no 
 other possible enemies were near to disturb the tranquility of the set- 
 tlement. Upon two very important occasions, however, these hardy 
 sons of wars were called upon for service, the first of which has gone 
 into local history, as "The Killyan War," described by the graphic 
 pen of Col. Heaston as follows:* 
 
 'See also page 223. 
 
I 
 
 324 HISTOBY OF HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 "Charles Killyaa was a citizen of this territory, residing in the 
 northern part of the county. He came to Han-is' mill in the spring of 
 1844 with a sack of corn. While at the mill the creek raised so that 
 it could not be forded, and as it was likely to remain so for several 
 days, he set out north to ' head the stream. ' After passing into Iowa 
 he crossed the creek and went east, intending to come down the 
 ' divide ' between it and Grand River to his home. When near his 
 home he found he was on the east side of Grand Kiver, which was too 
 full to be forded. His failure to return home alarmed his family, and 
 they sent to the mill in order to learn the cause of his prolonged 
 absence. He had been to the mill, had started home, but not 
 making his appearance or being heard from, the rumor at once 
 gained credence that the red-skins had captured him. In this 
 extremity an appeal was made to the gallant Col. Jennings, 
 who, with his company of brave militiamen, started forth to 
 rescue the iinfortunate Killyan and punish the treacheroiis sav- 
 ages. About forty men responded to his call, and at the head of 
 these intrepid troopers the gallant Colonel marched northward on 
 the ' divide ' in search of the missing neighbor. In the afternoon of 
 the second day's campaign they discovered in the distance a company 
 of Indians, who were assisting the unfortunate Killyan to find his way 
 home. But the Colonel and his comrades knew not that they were 
 friendly red-skins. Perhaps they were only an advance guard, or they 
 might be coming up in that manner as a decoy squad to draw the 
 militia into ambush. But the Colonel was not to be so easily decoyed. 
 Halting, and hastily forming his brigade into line of battle, he revived 
 the drooping courage of the soldiers by bravely shouting, ' Let the 
 enemy come; we are ready for them, by thunder!' Still the savages 
 continued to approach. At this junctiire some of the men awoke to 
 the fact that they were not fit for military duty and gently fell back, 
 while along the whole line signs of wavering began to appear. Then 
 was heard the stentorian tones of the ofiicer in command as he 
 shouted, 'By thunder, keep in line there!' the effect of which was to 
 inspire the men with renewed courage. Seeing the line of battle, the 
 Indians ran up a white flag. Embassadors were sent out to meet 
 them. Mutual and satisfactory explanations were made, the war was 
 over, and 'Johnny came marching home again.' The militia were 
 dismissed and returned to peaceful pursuits without the loss of a 
 single scalp." 
 
 The second war in which the militia of Harrison County were 
 called upon to participate was against the Mormons, under Brigham 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 325 
 
 Young. *In the spring of 1846 the Mormons were driven from Illinois, 
 and immigrating westward passed through the southern part of Iowa, 
 at that time unsettled. A large company of them under the im- 
 mediate direction of Brigham Young stopped for a season in Decatur 
 County, that State, pitching their habitations near where the town of 
 Leon now stands. The people of northern Missouri remembering the 
 former troubles with the Mormons were excited and alarmed. But 
 Harrison County still had its redoubtable military organization and 
 gallant colonel, and, knowing how successfully he had brought the 
 Indian War to a conclusion, all eyes were turned to him for safety and 
 protection in this their second time of trouble. Fortunately he was 
 equal to the emergency. He did not long wait in fear and dread of 
 an attack, but Napoleon-like, carried the war into the enemy's country. 
 Gathering together his brave and resolute soldiers he planned an 
 extensive campaign, and marched boldly against the enemy. After a 
 tedious march of two whole days, the valiant little army came in sight 
 of the Mormon camp, and beheld the green prairie for some distance 
 dotted with tents. The Mormons upon beholding the approach of the 
 warlike squadron were greatly alarmed. They had been forced to 
 flee from two States and had no further desire to meet or encounter 
 armed men. They hoisted a white flag in token of peace, whereupon 
 the Colonel advanced and inquired for their leader, Brigham Young. 
 That dignitary very soon made his appearance, and bowing and smil- 
 ing, politely inquired what was wanting. The Colonel raising him- 
 self to his full height in the stirrups bravely replied ' ' we want to 
 know what in thunder you are doing here! " at the sametim^explain- 
 ing that his company were Missouri militia, and feared the Mormons 
 were going to invade their State. Brigham then stated that his peo- 
 ple had been persecuted and driven from their homes, and had started 
 for the West, intending to seek a place of safety and seclusion far 
 removed from the Gentiles, but having run short of provisions they 
 had stopped to raise a crop, after which they would proceed upon 
 their journey. A treaty was entered into under the terms of which the 
 Mormons were not to come into Missouri or disturb its people or prop- 
 erty, and while they observed these conditions the militia were to 
 give them no further trouble. Thus ended the second campaign, 
 and the gallant Colonel returned home with new laurels added to his 
 immortal fame. 
 
 Several persons from Harrison served in the war with Mexico, but 
 there was no organized efPort made to raise troops in the county. 
 
 * See also page 227. 
 
326 HISTOUT OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Civil War. — Less than a decade and a half after the close of the 
 Mexican War, the great Civil War between the States broke out. 
 Hitherto our wars had been waged against savage or foreign foe, 
 but this was an internecine strife wherein brother was anayed against 
 brother, father against son and neighbor against neighbor. It was 
 unparalleled in the history of nations, and dwarfs into insignificance the 
 mighty struggles of the past. It is not the pvu'pose of this history to 
 enter upon a discussion of the issues that led to the war, nor to paint 
 the hoiTors of its shifting scenes, but simply give the gallant part the 
 peof)le of Harrison County took in the struggle. A late wi'iter has 
 truthfully said, ' ' All the evils of war, and all the horrors of civil strife 
 were crowded into those four dreadful years, 1861-65, and all the 
 refined cruelties known to the science and civilization of the enlightened 
 age in which we live were practiced more or less by the opposing par- 
 ties. ' ' But after foiu- years of strife and bloodshed, the olive branch 
 of peace again waved over a united country, and now, fi'aternal love 
 and prosperity smile upon the land from one end of the nation to the 
 other. As the South became naturalized and " reconstructed" to the 
 new order of things, it found a source of sincere congratulations that 
 the object of the strife between the sections was forever removed, and 
 will never cause another war on American soil. In the final union of 
 the ' ' roses ' ' England found the germ of her f utui-e greatness and 
 glory, so in the harmonious blending of the "blue" and "gray," 
 .who shall limit the greatness and glory of the American people! 
 
 The people of Hawison partook largely of the general excitement 
 of the times, but as the county did not lie along the track of either 
 army and was altogether unimportant from a strategic point of view, 
 it was not made the theater of any important military operation during 
 the war. The people were almost unanimously in favor of the Union, 
 and no sooner had war become a fact than meetings were held through- 
 out the county for the purpose of raising troops for mutual protection 
 and defense. At a large mass meeting held at Bethany on June 3, 
 1861, the following, among other resolutions, were adopted, expres- 
 sive of the feeling of the public mind at the time : 
 
 Whereas, In the present distracted condition of our country, it behooves 
 all citizens without respect to party, who desire to perpetuate the blessings of 
 our.republic and preserve the public peace, to refrain from all acts which may 
 either directly or indirectly tend to excite tlie public mind to acta of insubordi- 
 nation or rebellion against the laws of our country, and. 
 
 Whereas. The minds of some of our people have become impressed with 
 the belief that their persons or property are being put in danger through fear of 
 mobs and lawless bands of marauders; 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 327 
 
 Tlierefore, be it resolved b)^ the people of Harrison County, in mass meeting 
 assembled, irrespective of party. 
 
 First — That we mutually pledge ourselves to protect each other * * * 
 against all lawless and unauthorized acts of all persons from whatsoever source 
 they may come. 
 
 Second— That we feel justified in stating as a truth, although some persons 
 may have private orders to leave * * no person has been forced to leave 
 the country by the citizens of Harrison County, on account of political opinions 
 or sentiments ******«»****» 
 
 Third— We believe it to be the duty of all good citizens to refrain from all 
 acts which may have a tendency to excite people to acts of rebellion against, 
 insubordination to, or violations of, the laws of the country. 
 
 Fourth — That in giving expression to our views in relation to the position 
 of Missouri in the present crisis, we unhesitatingly declare that we are opposed 
 to the secession of the State from the Federal Union, and we believe that the 
 present lamentable evils which are upon the country are not a consequence of 
 any acts of the sovereign State of Missouri, and occupying as we do a conserva- 
 tive position between the two extreme parties of the north and south, we hold the 
 '•'olive branch of peace" to each, and while we deplore the present state of 
 affairs, we believe that it is the duty of all true and loyal subjects of the State 
 of Missouri to assist and defend the rights of the State in the Union, and under 
 
 the authority of the constitution of the United States and the State of Missouri. 
 *^* ********* 
 
 Seventh — That we claim the right to organize into companies for home 
 protection and defense under the articles of the constitution, which provides 
 that the people have a right to assemble for the common good, and that their 
 rights to bear arms in defense of themselves and of the State cannot be ques- 
 tioned. 
 
 This meeting -svas addressed by S. C. Allen, Samuel Downey, Will- 
 iam G. Lewis, D. J. Heaston and E. Hubbard, all of vrhom set forth 
 in vigorous and eloquent language the necessity of adhering to the 
 national union. 
 
 Similar meetings were held early in the summer of 1861 at Mount 
 Moriah, Eagleville and other places, the tendencies of which were to 
 arouse the people to a realization of the situation, and unify the public 
 sentiment against secession. 'In the meantime companies of Home 
 Guards were raised, and on July 13, 1861, the various organizations 
 in the county met at a place called Harrison City, for the purpose of 
 forming a regiment and electing officers. The day was a pleasant 
 one, and the number of spectators on the ground was variously esti- 
 mated at from 1,000 to 1,500. Henry Nevill, by request of the 
 different companies, took charge of the men, paraded them for a 
 while, after which stirring and energetic speeches were made by 
 Messrs. Allen, Elwell, Downey, Hubbard and Heaston. 
 
 After the regiment was formed it organized by electing Henry 
 O. Nevill, colonel; George Burris, Sr., lieutenant-colonel, and W. P. 
 
328 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Robinson, major. The strength of the different companies that re- 
 ported themselves was as follows: Eagleville Guards, 160; Washing- 
 ton, 64; Salem, 60; Springfield, 90; Pleasant Ridge, 100; Clay, 78; 
 Mount Moriah, 58; Bethany, 60; "Rough and Ready," 57; Benton, 
 80; Gainesville, 60. 
 
 The main object of the meeting was to ascertaiu how many of the 
 above men were desirous of enlisting for the regular service. Quite a 
 number signified their willingness to go to the front, and gave their 
 names to E. Hubbard, who at once proceeded to recruit for the regular 
 service. 
 
 Several other companies of Home Guards were raised during the 
 summer of 1861, the majority of the members of which subsequently 
 went to the front in different regiments, and did valiant service for 
 the Union cause. 
 
 Volunteer Troops. — All of Companies D and E, Twenty- third Regi- 
 ment Volunteer Infantry, were raised in Harrison County in the sum- 
 mer of 1861. Recruiting for the regiment commenced in July of 
 that year under the direction of Col. Jacob T. Tindall and J udge 
 Smith, of Gentry and Linn Counties, respectively. Company D was 
 mustered September 22, 1861, with the following ofiScers: W. P. Rob- 
 inson, captain; John A. Fischer, first lieutenant, and Lafayette Corn- 
 wall, second lieutenant. The non-commissioned officers were George 
 Yoder, first sergeant; Samuel J. Moore, second sergeant; George W. 
 Derr, Robert L. Oxford, and Ezeriah Hulse, corporals. Privates: 
 Charles Baker, James H. Bishop, Allen B. Bridges, Joshua Dallas, 
 Samuel B. Fancher, Richard Foster, John M. Franklin, James Fan- 
 cher, William Graham, John J. Hogan, A. B. Ireland, John M. Kopp, 
 Henry C. Tessley, Milton N. Tilley, James H. Mathes, Richard O. 
 W. Osborne, Marion Pace, David Rope, James Ross, W. Sweeten, 
 Adam Sweeten, Newton J. Smith, W^illiam B. Baker, Thomas Dallas, 
 Reuben Dale, P. L. Evans, Lafayette Ferguson, Lewis Noolin, Henry 
 J. Holloway, E. A. B. Hulse, Joseph E. Meglenne, George B. Bean, 
 John Chambers, James H. Curtis, George Fetty, Daniel Grover, 
 Samuel Moore, George W. Prather, James M. Wright, George Col- 
 lins, James M. Melton, J. P. Prather, James C. Brown, L. D. Bishop, 
 James M. Burns, James Burns, Charles Curtis, Thomas B. Grinstead, 
 Elliott Griffin, James L. Hammock, William H. Hobbs, Joseph L. 
 Hunsicker, O. Johnson, Jeremiah Crawford, J. Lockwood, E. N. Mel- 
 ton, William B. Officer, William B. Richardson, Marion Young, 
 Joseph B. Vogan, John N. Pattinger, Henry Bartlett, George D. 
 Bagley, George W. Flood, Willis Flood, Nimi-od T. Stoner, Isaac 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 329 
 
 Young. Some of the above men were from neighboring counties, but 
 the large majority were residents of Harrison. 
 
 William P. Robinson was promoted colonel of the regiment June 
 7, 1862, and was succeeded as captain by John W. Moore, of Eagle- 
 ville, who served as such until the expiration of the term of service, 
 September, 1864. Lieut. Fischer resigned his commission Jan- 
 uary 12, 186.3, after which time Henry Sweeten filled the position. 
 Lafayette Cornwall resigned the second lieutenancy, and was suc- 
 ceeded by James A. Brewer. The latter resigned January, 1863, 
 from which time until May, 1864. the office was held by Joseph H. 
 Ristine. Ristine was promoted first lieutenant of Company K in 
 May, 1864, and was succeeded by Meredith Riggin, who held the 
 position until the expiration of the term of service. 
 
 Company E, as organized for the service, was officered as follows: 
 Archibald Montgomery, captain; W. R. Simms, first lieutenant and 
 George W. Brown, second lieutenant. The non-commissioned officers 
 were as follows: Sergeants — John A. Martin, first; Spotwood Thomas, 
 second; Jonathan H. Smith, third; John S. Jackson, fourth, and 
 James Johnson, fifth. Corporals — Richard Goucher, first; James 
 K. Heath, second; Hanley Webb, third; James Blankenship, fourth; 
 John F. Gordon, fifth; Andrew P. Rupe, sixth; George W. Crume, 
 seventh, and Orlin Butler, eighth. 
 
 Privates: James H. Allen, Adam W. Behee, Bailey Nelson, Joseph 
 Baldwin, Thomas Brown, John Brown, Lewis Cummins, William 
 Cummins, Aaron Craft, George L. Cain, John M. Cain, George W. 
 Chapman, John S. Clousson, Andi-ew J. Daniel, William Daniel, 
 Charles F. Daniel, John G. Daniel, George W. Earl, John Ferguson, 
 Henry L. Goucher, Charles F. Gray, John H. Gardner, Harrison 
 Haney, John J. Harper. William Heath, James B. Hooper, Alfi-ed 
 Jenkins, J. B. Long, William Lear, Matthew Millspaw, Jacob E. Mil- 
 ler, Thomas H. Mitchell, John G. Narsh, James N. B. Narsh, Jacob 
 Ramey, F. M. Rice, Riley Roberts, John T. Rupe, William Delly, 
 Samuel Sneed, Burton Salmon, Marion Salmon. William Stuckey, 
 Jeremiah Simms, Porter Simpson, Mai-tin V. Strait, Smith Strait, 
 William Spurgin, William Shumard, Ansel Terry, Reuben D. Tilly, 
 Van Thompson, Joseph Lally, James VanMeter, Wesley N. Vinson, 
 James M. Williams, Vernum Williams, William H. Williamson, Will- 
 iam J. Watkins, Alfred Whittaker and John M. Wallace. 
 
 Archibald Montgomery resigned his commission October, 1862, 
 and was succeeded by William R. Simms, who held the position until 
 mustered out of the service in 1864. S. A. Thomas was promoted 
 
 21 
 
330 
 
 HISTOBY OF HARRISON COtTNTY. 
 
 first lieutenant December, 1862, resigned July 30, 1863, and was suc- 
 ceeded by John A. Martin, who served until the expiration of the term. 
 Second Lieut. George W. Brown resigned his commission July 8, 
 1863. John A. Harper was then promoted to the oflSce, and held the 
 same until September, 1864. 
 
 A large portion of Company G was raised in Harrison County; 
 also portions of Companies H and I. 
 
 The officers of Company G were originally Wat. E. Crandall, 
 captain; James S. Todd, first lieutenant, and W. McCullough, second 
 lieutenant. Officers of Company H — Francis Lisko, captain, and 
 Thomas B. Mikels and Ebenezer West, first and second lieutenants 
 respectively. Company I — captain, John Parker; first lieutenant, 
 T. H. Hollingsworth ; second lieutenant, Jeremiah Nash. 
 
 The Twenty-third was made up from the counties of Harrison, 
 Grundy, Livingston, Linn, Putnam, Mercer, Daviess and CarroU. 
 The regiment entered into active service in 1861, but participated 
 in no engagements until the following year, the principal duty in 
 the meantime being preserving the peace and protecting the lives 
 and property of Union men in the county, where the command 
 was stationed. On the Ist of April, 1862, the regiment was ordered 
 to Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., at which place it arrived on the 4th 
 inst. Upon reporting to Maj. -Gen. U. S. Grant, then commanding 
 the army of the Tennessee, Col. Tindall was ordered to report 
 with his regiment to Brig. -Gen. B. M. Prentiss, commanding the Sixth 
 Division. It was on the 6th of the above month that the Twenty- 
 third received its first baptism of fire in the terrific struggle of Shiloh, 
 which has gone into history as one of the most sanguinary battles of 
 the rebellion. The men bore themselves like the heroes they were 
 in the trying ordeal, and earned a reputation for gallantry second to no 
 other regiment which took part in the battle. The following commu- 
 nication from Lieut. -Col. Quin Morton is a brief but graphic account 
 of the conduct of the Twenty-third in its first engagement: 
 
 " I deem it my duty to make a report of the action of the Twenty- 
 third Missouri Volunteers at Pittsburg Landing, on April 6, 1862. At 
 7 o'clock A. M. , by order of Col. Tindall, I marched the regiment in 
 the direction of Gen. Prentiss' camp. After marching about two 
 miles an officer of Gen. Prentiss' staff ordered us to halt, and prepare 
 for action, which was promptly done. As soon as the regiment was 
 placed in position the enemy opened fia-e on us from a battery, at 
 about 400 yards' distance, which was continued without intermission 
 for two hours. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 331 
 
 "We were then ordered to change our position, and to engage a 
 large force of the enemy who were pressing us upon the center, which 
 was done. After a severe engagement at the distance of twenty-live 
 or thirty yards we drove the enemy back, not, however, without serious 
 loss. We held the position assigned us until 4 o'clock P. M. , fighting 
 almost without intermission, at which time we were ordered to change 
 our front to meet the enemy who had outflanked us. Here we fought 
 until 5 o'clock, di'iving the enemy back, although they charged us 
 frequently during the time. Again we were compelled to change our 
 position, and soon after the change we were surrounded and fired 
 upon, from front and rear, by two batteries and infantry. Here there 
 was a most terrible shower of shot and shell. We repulsed the enemy 
 in our rear, and determined to try and reach the main body of the 
 army which had fallen back to the river; and in the effort to lead 
 our now broken forces back the gallant and much lamented Col. 
 Tindall fell shot through the body, after having done his duty most 
 nobly during the day. 
 
 ' ' After retiring about 200 yards we met a large force of the enemy, 
 and were compelled to suiTender at about 6 o'clock P. M. , after ten 
 hours' almost incessant fighting. Officers and men behaved nobly. 
 * * * Capts. Dunlap, Robinson and Brown, Adjt. Martin, and 
 Lieuts. Munn and Simms were wounded. Thirty privates were 
 killed, about 170 wounded, and 375 taken prisoners." 
 
 Capt. Archibald Montgomery, of Company E (Harrison County 
 men), wrote from camp at Pittsburg Landing, April 10, as follows: 
 " * * * Our expected battle is over. It came off Simday and 
 Monday last, and a hard-fought battle it was. It lasted two days 
 and two nights, but we whipped them. * * « q^j. regiment 
 was led out on Sunday morning in fi'ont of the hottest part of the field. 
 We fought till evening, when the Secesh overpowered our regiment 
 and some others, and took them prisoners. They, however, took only 
 a part of oui' regiment. There were some out of every company who 
 made their escape. I escaped with about forty of my company, forty 
 of my men being taken prisoners. I found only two of my men 
 killed — Riley Roberts and James K. Allen. The wounded are William 
 Watkins, badly; Harrison Hanly, very badly; William Heath, slightly; 
 J. P. Rupe and William Lowe, in the thighs. The names of some of 
 my men captured are Lieut. Simms, Lieut. Brown, John Martin, T. 
 Brown, William Burris, F. Cummins, W. Chapman, W. Daniel, J. 
 Daniel, J. G. Daniel, T. Daniel, R. Gray, C. Howry, J. Harper, W. 
 Lear, M. Millspaw, J. Miller, T. Murphy, J. Noah, J. Parkerson, F. 
 
332 HISTORY OF HAKKISON COUNTY. 
 
 M. Eice, W. Vincent, J. VanMeter and R. Watson. * * * 
 This has been a bloody battle. * * * Qur regiment lost 
 twenty- six killed and sixty wounded, that we know of. Our colonel 
 was killed and our major taken prisoner. * * * j J^ave 
 
 command of the regiment. You see we are in a bad fix, and I can't 
 tell what we will do or where we will go. The army is still burying 
 the dead; the bodies lay over a space of four miles square. We went 
 out to-day and bui-ied our dead; seventeen in one pit." 
 
 From the above it will appear that the Harrison County boys, in 
 this their first battle, conducted themselves with gi-eat gallantry, and 
 bore their part in the bloody ordeal with the fortitude of experienced 
 veterans. 
 
 In June, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Benton barracks, and 
 continued on duty there and in the city of St. Louis for some time, 
 when they were ordered southward to reinforce the Army of the Cum- 
 berland. On recovering from his wound W. P. Robinson rejoined 
 the regiment, and was promoted colonel of the same on the 7th of 
 June, 1862. From that time until the expiration of the term he 
 continued in command, and did gallant service in the campaigns of 
 the Fourteenth Army Corps, participating in a number of engage- 
 ments, among which were the battles of Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro 
 and other engagements near Atlanta. As already stated, the Twenty- 
 third Regiment was mustered out of the service on the 22d of Sep- 
 tember. 1864. 
 
 Company F, Second Missouri Cavalry, "MerrilVs Horse." — This 
 company was recniited in the summer of 1861 as the Harrison County 
 Cavalry Company, and, as originally organized, had the following 
 officers: Eli Hannahs, captain; Elijah Hubbard, first lieutenant; 
 William T. Foster, second lieutenant; G. W. Elwell, first sergeant; 
 Jackson Green, second sergeant; T. J. Taylor, third sergeant; John 
 Haggerty, fourth sergeant; Samiiel Fitch, fifth sergeant; Isaac Sher- 
 ley, first corporal; Thomas D. Neal, second corporal; Bovin Ballard, 
 third corporal, and H. C. Young, fourth corporal. Privates — A. J. 
 Barber, John Barber. D. C. Brown, W. A. Brown, T. F. Boyce. J. M. 
 Bryant, Jacob Ballard, N. Ballard, Isaac Brown, Anderson Brown, 
 Lewis Byram, A. N. Cave, W. S. Conner, Lewis W. Curl, T. J. Clark, 
 Charles Cain, Joel Dunken, G. W. Dart, W. O. Diu-gen, William Er- 
 win, T. L. Foster, A. W. Foster, Daniel Grover, W. H. Gillespie, J. 
 M. Gillespie, G. C. Harbard, A. D. Higgins, John Koons, B. Long, W. 
 C. Lantis, J. J. Long, Elijah Moore, R. S. Merrin, S. W. Menden- 
 hall, J. W. Merrifield, Otho Merrifield, James Macatel, John Moore, 
 
STATE OF MISSODKI. 333 
 
 J. E. McElvain, William Merrifield (1), William Memfield (2), G. W. 
 Miller, William P. Martin, J. S. Petit, H. C. Potary, H. M. Russ, A. 
 Ramsey, H. Reynolds, M. Skinner, J. M. Saylor, A. J. Samples, W. 
 P. Wood, J. D. Wilson, W. H. Wilcox, Samuel Young, J. H. Young, 
 Jacob Gilpatrick, T. J. Lantis, G. W. Derr, William Irwin, J. F. 
 Pierson, William Wyatt, I. B. Nichols, J. M. Bears, Peter T. Flinn 
 and AV. P. Moore. 
 
 In December, 1861, the company was reorganized at St. Louis, as 
 Company F, and attached to the Second Cavalry, known as " Merrill's 
 Horse," with which it served gallantly until the close of the war. 
 
 The captain at the time of reorganization was Theodore Pierson, 
 who resigned March 4, 1863. His successor, Hemy K. Bennett, was 
 transferred in May, 1863, to Company B, and on the 1st of June, of 
 the same year, George H. Rowell took command. Elijah Hubbard 
 commanded the company from the summer of 1803 until mustered 
 out of the service September 19, 1805. The first lieutenants were 
 Elijah Hubbard, fi-om 1861 until May, 1863; Joshua Rohrer, May 1, 
 1863, until June of the same year; Day O. Crane, for a short time; 
 G. W. Elwell, 1803, until November, 1804; George Bradshaw, 
 November, 1864, until mustered out of service in 1865. Second lieu- 
 tenants—William T. Foster, December, 1861, until May, 1862; 
 Lucien B. Potter, a short time in 1802; G. W. Elwell, November, 
 1862, until May 1, 1803; J. H. Keating, May 1, 1863, until Juno 1, 
 1863; J. S. Taylor, June 1, 1863, served until transferred to Com- 
 pany B, the same year; M. P. Woodi'uff, Januaiy 1, 1864, until 
 November 17, 1884; N. W. Lewis, August 16, 1865, not mus- 
 tered out. 
 
 This company performed gallant service in Missotiri during the 
 first two years of the war, and with the regiment participated in a 
 number of battles and skirmishes besides effectually checking the 
 guerrilla raids in various parts of the State. 
 
 Comjjany A, Thirty-fifth Missouri Infantry, was organized in 
 Harrison County, in the summer and fall of 1802, and officered as 
 follows: Horace Fitch, captain; James B. Brower, first lieutenant, 
 and Calvin Tilton, second lieutenant. Non-commissioned officers — 
 R. P. Jones, G. T. Nevill, S. C. Ferguson, S. H. Alexander and J. 
 Kelly, sergeants; G. Patton, C. Daly, E. Kelly, A. Strait, R. S. 
 Fletcher, J. W. Burton, A. B. Wilson and D. C. Shirley, corporals. 
 Privates— S. C. AlifP, T. W. Aliff, S. H. Aliff, J. Brown, T. H. Brown, 
 S. Brazzell, S. Brubacker, W. A. Bush, C. L. Benton, D. R. Brad- 
 ford, H. Busson, D. Cook, G. Colton, T. D. Cooley, J. Davis, J. B. 
 
334 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Dehart, A. B. Davenport, J. Davenport, T. Daley, J. Ennes, A. T. 
 Freel, H. O. Gray, W. H. Henson, H. HufiFman, J. Hicks, W. M. Heas- 
 ton, J. Hopkins, S. B. Henry, W. Hart, A. H. Herider, G. Irwin, 
 W. Jones, G. Jackson, A. Labross, J. W. Martin, N. L. D. Matthews, 
 T. J. McFall, J. Miller, J. Murphy, Irwin Montgomery, E. Phillips, 
 J. Poush, H. Poush, C. Polish, E. Reedy, J. B. Richardson, P. Strait, 
 T. B. Schaeffer, F. M. Smith, W. Shoots, A. L. Simpson, J. M. 
 Shively, E. J. Sturdevant, L. T. Shirley, G. Taylor, J. Q. Trimmer, 
 J. Weaver, J. Wright, W. H. H. Wilson, D. Wright, J. Williams, 
 W. Wooden and W. N. Wiley. 
 
 The organization of the Thirty-fifth was perfected December 3, 
 
 1863, and immediately thereafter it took the field. During the greater 
 part of that year it was stationed at Helena, Ark. , and participated 
 in the battle at that place, on the 4th of July, of the same year, and 
 lost heavily in the engagement. In June, 1864, the regiment with 
 others, imder the command of Gen. N. B. Buford, "proceeded down 
 the Mississippi River; up the White, to cut off through that into the 
 Arkansas; up the last mentioned river, into the neighborhood of 
 Arkansas Post, for the purpose of ascertaining the strength of a rebel 
 force then organizing under Shelby, Daubin and others. " Having 
 accomplished this object the expedition returned to Helena, June 26. 
 The following month the regiment participated in a hotly contested 
 battle, with a portion of Shelby and Daubin' s forces, cutting their 
 way through the enemy's lines three times, with the loss of their gal- 
 lant leader, three officers and thirty-seven men. During the fall of 
 
 1864, and the spring and early summer of 1865, the Thirty-fifth was 
 engaged in guerrilla warfare, picket and garrison duty. It was 
 honorably discharged from the service on the 28th of June, 1865, at 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Company E, Forty -third Infantry. — This company was made up 
 wholly of Harrison County men, and was recruited in the fall of 1864. 
 The organization was effected with the following commissioned officers: 
 Simeon Sutton, captain; William Canady, first lieutenant, and Daniel 
 D. Boyce, second lieutenant. Privates — John S. Allen, Thomas B. Al- 
 len, Thomas J. Adair, Hezekiah Allen, Charles W. Barber, A. Boothe, 
 Benjamin R. Brower, David E. Bain, Burgess Barber, Benjamin 
 Bridges, William Blake, Lewis H. Barger, Philip Butcher, John 
 Bogue, John S. Cook, Jesse Charleston, Thomas J. Carson, William 
 F. Cain, Jeremiah Cooper, M. V. B. Eisenbarger, David Elliott, 
 Orlando Elliott, Robert S. Ellis, George W. Fletcher, Daniel J. Gil- 
 liland, Samuel N. Glaze, William H. Gillpatrick, James P. Garton, 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 335 
 
 John S. Davis, Jolin A. Delong, Samuel Davis, Charles L. Davis, 
 Dicurgus Hammer, James F. Hamaker, David Honn, Ephraim L. 
 Hampton, Charles L. Hall, Joseph N. Koontz, Jonathan Sundy, Rob- 
 ertson Lafallett, David C. Moore, Daniel B. Miller, Samuel V. Mc- 
 Henry, Thomas Moore, George V. Murphy, George W. Myers, James 
 M. Nevill, Joshua A. Officer, Conrad Poush, James N. Richardson, 
 Jacob H. Richardson, Aurelius Richardson, T. J. Robertson, William 
 H. Richardson, Ckristopher Rife, F. B. Sherer, John Fowler, Will- 
 iam R. Fowler, Thomas B. Thompson, John L. Thompson, Jacob F. 
 Templeman, Samuel Ulin, R. B. Wilson, C. H. W^eldon, W^illiam Q. 
 Weldon, James J. Weldon, Stephen W. Watson, Joseph Wright, Levi 
 Wooden, Hugh Foster, John E. Frasier, Lewis R. Glenn, Elbert 
 Hogan, William A. Inhope, Darius Looman, M. P. Magee, Adam 
 Osborn, Isaac Phillibaum, John H. Poynter, F. R. Quigleyi Marcus 
 Rakestraw. William Shipley, William J. Travis, Martin V. Toombs, 
 Richard F. Utter, Silas W^ Wagner, Richard P. Holaway, Franklin 
 B. Young. 
 
 The Forty-third was organized as a regiment on the 22d of Sep- 
 tember, 1864, and mustered into service June 30, 1865. Several 
 companies participated in the battle of Glasgow October 15, 1864, 
 after which, until discharged in 1865, the regiment was actively 
 engaged in an irregular guerrilla warfare. 
 
 Company H, Twelfth Cavalry Missouri Volunteers, was organized 
 in Harrison County in January, 1864, by Preston Sharp, and num- 
 bered about sixty men. The officers were S. S. Vansyckel, captain, 
 served from February, 1864, to April 29, 1864. His successor, John 
 Collar, served from the latter date until the regiment disbanded in 1865. 
 Preston Sharp, first lieutenant, from February, 1864, until expiration 
 of term of service; Daniel Johns, second lieutenant, from February 
 25, 1864, until June 2, 1864; James R. Allen, his successor in the 
 office, from July 9, 1864, until February 17, 1865; Alexander Fort- 
 une, from March, 1865, until the regiment was discharged. The 
 Twelfth Cavalry was assigned to duty in St. Louis in 1864, and later 
 was attached to the First Division Cavali-y District of West Tennessee, 
 commanded by Brig. -Gen. Hatch. Its first battle was an engagement 
 at Grant, on the Tallahatchie River, near Abbey ville; later formed a 
 part of Gen. A. J. Smith's command on his expedition to Oxford, 
 Miss., in which campaign it bore a conspicuous and brilliant part; 
 was engaged in battle with Hood's army in November, 1864, and in 
 December took part in the first day' s battle before Nashville, and was 
 one of the first regiments to reach the enemy's works, capturing seven 
 
336 HISTORY OF HAEBISON COUNTY. 
 
 pieces of artillf ry and about 250 prisoners. After performing various 
 kinds of dutj' in Northern Mississippi and other parts of the South, 
 the regiment was ordered to report to Gen. Dodge, commanding the 
 department of Missouri, and later was detached and assigned duty in 
 the West. Dui-ing the summer of 1865 the regiment was engaged in 
 Indian warfare on the Powder River and Yellowstone, in whicl^ the 
 men behaved with characteristic gallantry. 
 
 Missoriri State Militia. — Company I, First Cavalry, Missouri 
 State Militia, was raised in Harrison County in the spring of 1S62. 
 Officers: Milton Burris, captain; John H. Smith, first lieutenant, and 
 Daniel Shumate, all of whom served until honorably discharged in 
 April, 18G5. The First Cavalry was commanded by Col. James Mc- 
 Ferran, and was engaged principally in guerrilla warfare in various 
 countiee of Missouri. It did gallant service and took an active part 
 in a great many skirmishes with iiTegular Confederates and bushwhack- 
 ers, and secured peace and quiet to the region where it operated. 
 
 Company E, Third Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, was organized 
 April, 1862, with Capt. Charles B. McAfee in command. L. Corn- 
 wall was first lieutenant, and served fi-om April, 1862, until the 12th 
 of the succeeding month, when he was succeeded by William C. 
 Frazee, who served from May 14, 1862, iintil September 23, 1802, at 
 which time Stephen C. Clark was promoted to the position. William 
 H. Biu-ns served as second lieutenant from April, 1862, until the fol- 
 lowing September, and in October Thomas Perkins was promoted to 
 the office. 
 
 Col. Walter A. King commanded the Third Cavalry, and the prin- 
 cipal duty performed was operating against guenillas and bush- 
 whackers, and preserving the peace in various counties of the State. 
 
 Company G, Sixth Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, captain, 
 John A. Page, was organized in the spring of 1862. William Xewby 
 was first lieutenant, and James C. Baker, second lieutenant. The 
 former resigned his commission July 27, 1863, and was succeeded by 
 Delivan Hannas, whose term of sei-vice expired in 1865. The com- 
 mission of Lieat. Baker was vacated July 21, 1863, and on the 26th 
 of that month Da'S'id Gondier was promoted to the position. Under 
 the command of Col. E. Catherwood, the Sixth Cavalry performed 
 gallant service against guerrillas during the years 1862 and 1868: also 
 operated in Arkansas and the Indian Nation, and participated in the 
 attack and rout of Gens. Steele and Cooper, at PerryviUe, Choc- 
 taw country, battle of Backbone Mountain and capture of Fort 
 Smith. During the years 1864 and 1865 the Sixth participated in a 
 
STATE OF MISSOCEI. 337 
 
 number of engagements, and in the campaigns against the Confed- 
 erate, Gen. Price, among which were the battles at Jefferson City, 
 Russellville,_ Boonville. Dover, Independence, Big Blue, Osage, 
 Newtonia, and others. During the latter part of 1865 it performed 
 ordinary camp and escort duty. 
 
 Enrolled Missouri Militia. —In July, 1862, Gov. Gamble issued an 
 order (No. 19) requiring the loyal men subject to military service to 
 organize into companies and regiments. The material part of this 
 order was as follows: 
 
 Every able bodied man capable of bearing arms and subject to military 
 duty is hereby ordered to repair without delay to the nearest miiitar}' post, and 
 report for duty to the commanding officer. Every man will bring with him 
 whatever arms he ma}' have or can procure and a good horse if he has one. 
 
 All arms and ammunition of whatsoever kind and wherever found will be 
 taken possession of, and used for the public defense. * * The militia- 
 men shall assemble at any post, will be immediately enrolled and organized 
 into companies, elect their officers, and be sworn into service. 
 
 Six daj's after the date of this order are allowed for every man fit for 
 military duty to report to the commanding officer of the nearest military post 
 and be enrolled. 
 
 In pursuance of this order eleven companies were organized in 
 Harrison County, and formed into what was known as the ' ' Fifty- 
 seventh Regiment Em'olled Militia." The first commissioned officers 
 were D. J. Heaston, colonel; James M. Nevill, lieutenant -colonel; 
 William G. Weldon, major. Col. Heaston resigned in a short time, 
 and was succeeded by James Neville, and he in March, 1864, by "Will- 
 iam G. Lewis. 
 
 F. M. Jackson was promoted lieutenant-colonel in August, 1863, 
 and served till expiration of term in 1865. The other regimental offi- 
 cers were as follows: H. J. Skinner, adjutant; Howard T. Combs, 
 adjutant, succeeded the former July, 1863; Elliott P. Bunch, quarter- 
 master; R. H. Vandivert, surgeon; Jonathan U. Lewis, surgeon. 
 
 Company A. — F. M. Jackson, captain, succeeded subsequently by 
 John S. Hall; A. J. Allen, first lieutenant; George Burris, Jr., second 
 lieutenant. 
 
 Company B. — Simeon Sutton, captain; F. R. Quigly and Richard 
 W. Handy, lieutenants. 
 
 Company C. — Benjamin S. Ramey, captain; Benton Salmon and 
 L. G. Spurgin, first and second lieutenants, respectively. 
 
 Company D. — Captain, J. C. Frisby; first lieutenant, Daniel D. 
 Boyce; second lieutenant, William H. Eades. 
 
 Company E. — William J. Prater, captain; David Wright and D. 
 S. Miller, lieutenants. 
 
338 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Company F. — -Stephen C. Allen, captain. The lieutenants were 
 Joseph Miller and H. E. Badger. 
 
 Company G. — Preston Sharp, captain; J. C. Anderson, first lien- 
 tenant, succeeded September, 1862, by Jacob Koontz. The second 
 lieutenant was J. C. Anderson. 
 
 Company H. — William Canady, captain; John Canady, first lieu- 
 tenant; Henry H. NevUl, second lieutenant. 
 
 Company I. — James H. Lynch, captain; Felix Randall and Ameri- 
 cus Bunch, lieutenants. 
 
 Company K. — William W. Harper, captain; O. T. Graham, first 
 lieutenant; William J. Nevill, second lieutenant. 
 
 Company L. — James P. Anderson, captain: James Stanbrough 
 and George W. Nevill, lieutenants. 
 
 This regiment was organized ostensibly for home protection and 
 police duty, subject to be called upon whenever needed. It was called 
 out upon three occasions, and in all performed about two months' 
 service. 
 
 There were perhaps from twenty-five to thirty men from Harrison 
 in the army of the Confederacy, but no organized effort was made 
 during the war toward raising troops for the Southern cause in the 
 county. 
 
 It only remains to be said that the people of the county who 
 remained at home, both Southern and Union, lived in compara- 
 tive peace with each other. They strove rather to protect than 
 to expose each other to military aggression or persecution. ' Tis true 
 there were several transactions of a serious nature which grew out of 
 the sectional troubles, but these were greatly deplored by the law- 
 abiding citizens irrespective of political affiliation. Both sides, while 
 disagi'eeing on matters of opinion, wisely left the fighting to the sol- 
 diers in the field. Had other portions of the State been guided b}' the 
 same wise counsels, they would have been spared on many occasions 
 the bitterness and humiliation that fell with such a heavy hand upon 
 person and property. 
 
 CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 He who attempts to present with unvarying accuracy the annals of a 
 town or city whose history reaches back through a long period of years, 
 imposes upon himself a task beset with many difficulties. These diffi- 
 culties, manifold and perplexing in themselves, are often augmented 
 by conflicting statements and varying data, furnished by well-meaning 
 old residents and others as material from which to compile a true and 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 339 
 
 faithful record of past events. To give facts, and facts only, should 
 be the aim and ambition of him who professes to deal with the past, 
 and in the pages which follow the chronicler inclines to those state- 
 ments supported by the greater weight of testimony and the more rea- 
 sonable air of probability. 
 
 Bethany. — The founding of the city of Bethany dates back nearly 
 half a century. The earliest settlements in the vicinity were made 
 without regard to the place ever becoming a town or city, and were 
 more the force of accident than of any prearranged or definite plan. 
 The beautiful site with the fertility of the surrounding country, plenty 
 of timber and abundance of game arrested the attention of several 
 pioneer families who saw in all these attractions an eligible place for 
 homes. Accordingly they selected their location, and at once pro- 
 ceeded to erect their humble cabins " afar from the busy haunts of 
 men." This was not less than forty-eight years ago, from which time 
 properly dates the history of that part of Harrison County known as 
 Bethany Township. 
 
 As early as the year 1839 a pioneer by the name of Sharp Win- 
 ningham moved from Ray County, Mo., and located a home about a 
 mile and a half northeast of the present site of Bethany. From the 
 best information Mr. Winningham was one of the first permanent 
 settlers in the vicinity of the town. Philip Harris, about the same 
 time, settled two miles southwest, where, in 1841, he erected a water 
 mill on Big Creek, the first industry of the kind ever established in 
 Harrison County. A man by the name of Williams made a temporary 
 settlement a little over a mile west of the town site in 1838 or 1839, 
 and in the latter year one Hiram Tinney moved to the locality, and 
 made a few improvements a short distance east, on land purchased in 
 1841 by Elder John S. Allen. John Poynter and Joel Harris settled 
 west of the town in 1840, and the next year witnessed the arrival 
 of Thomas Tucker, W. R. Allen, William C. Allen, John S. Allen, 
 A. W. Allen, Josiah Allen, Ephraim Stewart, C. L. Jennings, J. W. 
 Brown, Thomas Brown and Levi Reeves, all of whom located within 
 a radius of a few miles from the town site. These were all men of 
 substantial worth, and did much toward encouraging immigration to 
 this part of the county. 
 
 Among the other early settlers in the vicinity of Bethany were 
 David Buck, Luther Collins, Thomas Geer, Dr. Robertson, Samuel 
 Neal, Dennis Clancy and others, the majority of whom became resi- 
 dents of the county early in the forties 
 
 On the 14th of February, 1845, the Legislature of Missouri passed 
 
340 HISTORY OF HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 an act providing for the organization of Harrison County, and immedi- 
 ately thereafter three commissioners were appointed to locate a site for 
 the seat of justice. In due time these commissioners visited the 
 county, and after due deliberation made a report of their proceedings 
 to the court as follows: 
 
 State of MisaouRr, J 
 
 . HARBISON COUNTY, f ' 
 
 We, Edward Smitb, John Gibson and Ebenezer H. Wood, the commission- 
 ers appointed by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri to locate the seat 
 of justice of Harrison County according to an act entitled "An act to provide 
 for the organization of certain counties," approved February 14, 1845. There- 
 fore, in obedience to said act, we, the said commissioners, met at the time and 
 place bj' said act mentioned, and were severally sworn according to law by 
 .John W. Brown, justice of the peace in and for the township of North, in said 
 county of Harrison, and State of Missouri aforesaid. Whereupon, we proceeded 
 to examine the several points and places whereupon to locate said site, and after 
 a full and faithful examination, we. the said commissioners, have selected the 
 following place, to wit: The west half of the southeast quarter of Section No. 
 10, Range No. 28. Township No. 63; also the east half of the southwest quarter 
 of Section No. 10, Range 38, Township 63. Given under our bands this 25th 
 day of April, 1845. 
 
 Edward S.mith, 
 John Gibson, 
 E. H. Wood, 
 
 CommMsioners. 
 
 To the site thus selected the name of Dallas was given, and at the 
 June term, 1845, the county court appointed John S. Allen commis- 
 sioner to survey the toi^'n into lots and offer the same for sale. After 
 entering into bond of $1,000 for the faithful discharge of his duty, 
 Mr. Allen employed some workmen to cut off the brush and timber, 
 aud securing the services of John Plaster, surveyor, had the original 
 plat of Dallas ' ' laid out ' ' on the 27th of June, 1845. This plat known 
 as the first survey of Bethany is seventy-six rods east and west, and 
 forty-two rods north and south, making an area of nineteen acres, 
 three roods and thirty-three rods. The plat consists of fifteen blocks, 
 each containing 144 square rods ; the center lots, fronting the square, 
 contain 4,003^ square feet of ground; the remainder of the lots 
 embrace 6, 138 square feet. The alleys are all twelve feet wide. The 
 following streets are shown on the plat: East, Water, Marion, and 
 West, running north and south, and South and Main, running east and 
 west. 
 
 It appears that the name Dallas did not meet the general approval 
 of the people, quite a number* of whom suggested that some other 
 name be adopted. The nature of their objections is not now known. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 341 
 
 but SO determined did they become that the matter was brought before 
 the county court at the June term, 1845. It was then mutually 
 agreed that the court and officers present, including the sheriff, clerk, 
 treasurer, attorney and county seat commissioner, should select the 
 name by ballot. The names Bethany and Carthage were proposed. 
 The votes showed a majority in favor of adopting the former, accord- 
 ingly the name Bethany was given to the town, and so entered as a 
 matter of record. 
 
 From the best local aitthority it is ascertained that the first house 
 on the present site of Bethany was a hewed- log building about 
 16x16 feet in size, erected northeast of the public square, as 
 early as 1845, by William R. Allen. While built ostensibly for a 
 residence it was not used as such, but answered the purpose of a busi- 
 ness house, and served to give shelter to the first stock of goods ever 
 brought to the town. It stood for a number of years, but subsequently 
 with a number of other ancient landmarks was completely destroyed 
 by fire in 1864. 
 
 During the fall and winter of 1845-46 several buildings were 
 erected in the town, among which are remembered the log residence 
 of Clement Oatman on North Street, and the dwelling of Martin 
 Jennings west of the square, where Dascomb's butcher .shop now 
 stands. Mr. Jennings was the first man to extend his hospitalities to 
 the traveling public, and it was in his building that the first grand 
 jury of Harrison County convened for deliberation. 
 
 An early building was erected by Robert Bullington where the St. 
 Joseph House now stands; and on the same lot Alston Allen built a 
 hewed-log structure in which was kept one of the fijst groceries and 
 restaurants in Bethany. Both houses were erected as early as 1846, 
 and stood intact until comparatively very recent date. John W. 
 Brown and W. R. Allen built a hewed-log house on the same street 
 a little east of the Bullington building, and engaged in the mercantile 
 business about the year 1847. The following year John W. Brown, 
 W. R. and John S. Allen erected a frame business house on the 
 corner of the same block, Lot 7, Block 3, where the Roberts' brick 
 store-room now stands, and about the same time a frame building was 
 erected on North Street, by Samuel iSfelson. 
 
 The first courthouse was erected in 1846 on the southwest corner 
 of Block 2, northeast of the public square, and by its presence added 
 dignity to the town. It will be impossible at this late day to give 
 anything approximating a full list of the earliest residents of Bethany, 
 but among those who came when the town was but a niche in the 
 
342 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 surrounding were Jacob Oxford, M. P. Wills Samuel Clark, Hardin 
 Oatman, John Oatman, Dr. Long, and those whose names are already 
 given. During the first three or four years the following persons 
 became owners of real estate in the village : Thomas Taylor, William 
 S. Brown, Thomas Foster, Ansel Terry, James L. Robinson, John W. 
 Casebolt, Michael Ballew, Samuel Nelson, George W. Noah, John W. 
 Brown, Samuel Edmiston, Amos Spurgin, E. S. Hughes, Benjamin 
 T. Whedbee, J. M. Smith, Charles L. Jennings, Jesse Vail, Ezariah 
 Hulse, Nathan B. Thompson, David Macey, John D. Enloe, E. M. 
 Scott, Matthew B. Wilkinson and Joel H. Worthington, the majority of 
 whom became residents. 
 
 Early Business Men. — John and Clem Oatman were the first mer- 
 chants in Bethany. They bought a stock of goods soon after the 
 town was surveyed, and sold the same in the little log building 
 erected by W. R. Allen. They did a fair business for the time, and 
 remained in the town until about the year 1847 or 1848, when their 
 stock was purchased by Samuel Nelson. The latter continued the 
 trade with fair success until 1849, at which time he sold out and went 
 to California. Jesse Vail erected a log building about the year 1848, 
 and for one year carried on a fairly successful trade with a miscella- 
 neous assortment of merchandise. Conspicuous among the early mer- 
 chants was John S. Allen, who engaged in the goods business in the 
 spring of 1848. In 1851 he erected a frame store building on North 
 Street, and subsequently put up the brick business house which he 
 still occupies. This was the first brick business house in the town. 
 Mr. Allen has been prominently identified with Bethany ever since it 
 was founded, and has done as much, if not more, than any other man 
 toward promoting its business interests. Among other early mer- 
 chants were Bell, Buck & Hodge, Mr. Cleveland, Benjamin Whed- 
 bee, J. P. Devers, Dr. Ford, Brady & Wills. 
 
 Mechanics. — One of the first mechanics in Bethany was John W. 
 Casebolt. He moved to the village shortly after the survey, and erected 
 a blacksmith shop on the present site of Smith's lumber yard, North 
 Street, where for a number of years he plied his vocation of smithing 
 and wagon-making. He appears to have been a good workman, and 
 found abundant opportunities for the exercise of his skill during the 
 early days of the town. A Mr. Tisdale engaged in the business of 
 making and repairing wagons in an early day, as did also James 
 Sevier and Patrick Maxey, all of whom earned the reputation of 
 skillful mechanics. William Gale was the first cabinet-maker and 
 wood- workman. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 343 
 
 Professional Men. — Dr. Hardia Oatman began the practice of 
 medicine in Bethany in the fall of 1845, and continued for several 
 years. J. C. Blackburn, WUliam Fallis, Dr. Ford, Dr. Sanders, Dr. 
 Burton, Dr. Trower, Dr. Tennis, D. Macy and John D. Enloe were 
 other early physicians. 
 
 In addition to the above professional celebrities, the legal frater- 
 nity was early represented in Bethany by not a few intellectually able 
 men, prominent among whom was William G. Lewis, the peer of any 
 lawyer of his time in Northern Missouri. Among other resident 
 attorneys may be mentioned the following: John R. Morledge, John 
 H. Phillibavim, H. P. Edmiston, Orrin Lee Abbott, and later, Will- 
 iam F. Miller, D. J. Heaston, John Wyatt, Thomas D. Neal, John C. 
 Howell, D. S. Alvord, and others. 
 
 The Postoffice. — There were very limited mail facilities here when 
 the postoffice was established, forty-two years ago. We learn that an 
 office was started in Bethany in 1845. David Buck was the post- 
 master, and no doubt his duties were light, particularly when but few 
 papers were then published, and letters fi'om the old home cost much 
 more than the present reduced rates of postage. No better illustration 
 of growth and development and of the changes wrought is needed than 
 is seen in the modern postoffice. At one time the pony mails passed 
 through the country weekly or semi-monthly, when they were per- 
 mitted by the streams to go through at all. There are no records by 
 which it can be ascertained how much mail matter now comes daily 
 into the town of Bethany, but an approximation might be reached by 
 contrasting the large bags of papers and letters received by every 
 train with the old fashioned horseback mail. This increase in mail 
 matter, however, is not merely the mark of growth or population of 
 the town, or a measure to the spread of intelligence or education, 
 but it is a mark of the age, and an index to the change and habits of 
 the people, and_ applies to the whole country. The first postoffice 
 here was called Bethpage. The name was subsequently changed to 
 Bethany, and the office has been held from time to time by John W. 
 Brown, T. H. Templeman, Miss Frances Collier, J. W. Wion and 
 James Simms. The present incumbent is George Phillips. 
 
 Manufactories. — Bethany has never been noted as a manufacturing 
 town. The early enterprises of this kind have been confined to saw 
 and flouring-mills, carding-mills, tanneries, brickyards, wagon and 
 furniture factories, none of which were ever conducted upon a very 
 extensive scale. Why the city has not been more of a manufacturing 
 center is a problem. With the finest timber in easy reach, excellent 
 
344 HISTOKT OF HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 railroad facilities and the close proximity of good markets, what 
 more is needed? Only energy and enterprise. The geographical posi- 
 tion of the town, its advantage as the center of a fertile region possess- 
 ing various resources demanded by an advancing civilization, warrant 
 the belief that a safe exercise of enterprise and industry on the part 
 of its citizen manufacturers will gi'eatly increase the present popula- 
 tion and wealth in a few years. Nearly every competent manufact- 
 urer or mechanic who has given strict attention to his trade in Bethany 
 has prospered. This fact of itself is sufficient to warrant the belief 
 that the city could, with proper degree of energy, be made a prominent 
 manufacturing center. 
 
 The honor of establishing the first mamrfacturing enterprise in 
 Bethany belongs to Col. C. L. Jennings, who, about the year 1854 or 
 1855, erected a steam mill in the northwest part of the town. This was 
 a combination mill, manufactured both lumber and flour, and for a num- 
 ber of years was extensively patronized by the citizens of the city and 
 adjacent country. It was afterward sold and moved to the east part 
 of the county. 
 
 The second mill was erected by Dr. Ford about the year 1854, and 
 stood not far from the spot occupied by the former structure. It was 
 a combination mill also operated by steam power, and did a fair busi- 
 ness for a short time. The building was afterward sold and moved 
 from the city. 
 
 One of thebest flouringmills of Northwest Missouri is the Bethany 
 mills, owned and operated at this time by the McClure Brothers. This 
 establishment dates back to about 1860 or 1861, and stands in the 
 west part of the city on Big Creek. It was erected by Henry Laney, 
 who for some time operated it as a flouring-mill and woolen factory. 
 It subsequently passed into the hands of James C. Baker, who after 
 operating it a short time sold out to Mr. Laney, and he in turn dis- 
 posed of the business in 1878 to the McClures. The present firm, 
 McClure Bros., remodeled the mill in 1887, supplying the latest 
 improved machinery for the manufacture of flour by the full roller 
 process, and are now doing a large merchant and custom business, mak- 
 ing upon an average of fifty barrels per day, the greater part of which 
 finds ready market in the county. Seven men find steady employ- 
 ment in the mill, and the business of the firm is constantly increasing. 
 The brands of flour are the "' first patent" "Primrose" and "Nixie," 
 all of which have gained a wide reputation on account of their supe- 
 rior quality. The mill building is a large two story and a half frame 
 structure, 55x90 feet in size exclusive of the engine and boiler rooms, 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 345 
 
 and contains in addition to the flonring-mill, machinery for the manu- 
 facture of woolen goods, carding, spinning, etc., which is kept in 
 operation about six months of the year. 
 
 About the year 1861 or 1862 Messrs. Collier and Dean brought a 
 steam sawmill to the town, which was in operation for a period of 
 two or three years. It stood near the western limits of the city, and 
 during the time it was in operation did a fairly successful business. 
 Considerable attention has been given in Bethany to the manufacture 
 of wagons and carriages, One of the first persons to engage in this 
 enterprise was John F. Pitt who, about the year 1876, erected a large 
 factory on North Street, in which he carried on the business in con- 
 nection with general blacksmithing until 1887. The buildings were 
 then leased by J. A. Cushman who, by his energy and perseverance 
 as well as a thorough knowledge of all details of the business, has suc- 
 ceeded in building up a wide-spread trade, second to no other enter- 
 prise of the kind in Harrison or adjoining counties. He employs none 
 but first class mechanics, and manufactures from 150 to 200 wagons 
 per year, besides doing a general repair and blacksmithing business. 
 
 A wagon and carriage factory was started about the year 1869 or 
 1870 by J. H. Curry, who was succeeded in 1884 by W. S. Eades. 
 The building is situated on North Street, and the enterprise is one of 
 the leading industries of the city. Mr. Eades employs four hands, 
 and makes a specialty of manufacturing and repairing wagons and 
 carriages, besides doing a large blacksmithing business. 
 
 The Cooper Furniture Factory on North Street was erected in the 
 year 1886 by W.T. Cooper, who engaged in the business in 1885 in part- 
 nership with J. W. Lehr. The first building was burned in the latter 
 year, since which time Mr. Cooper has carried on the business by him- 
 self. The present building is 27x50 feet in size, supplied with good 
 machinery operated by steam power. Employment is furnished to 
 from four to six men, and the furniture manufactured has already 
 gained more than a local reputation. There are several establishments 
 and shops where manufacturing and repairing are conducted upon a 
 limited scale, but the above constitutes the leading manufacturing 
 enterprises of the city. 
 
 Banks. — The first bank in Harrison County was established by 
 Campbell Crossan in the year 1872, with a capital of 110,000. Mr. 
 Crossan has since continued the business as sole proprietor, and has 
 met with the most encouraging success, his bank being one of the best 
 known establishments of the kind in this section of the State. The 
 
 22 
 
346 HXSTOKY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 present neat building on Water Street was erected in 1883. G. C. 
 Crossan is the efficient cashier, and Ed. M. Crossan, assistant. 
 
 Bethany Savings Bank was established in August, 1872, incor- 
 porated as a State bank with John S. Allen, president; M. McCollum, 
 cashier, and A. F. Woodruff, secretary. The capital stock is $22,000; 
 deposits subject to draft, §65,280, and total resources, by the financial 
 statement of August, 1 887, $88, 769. 94. The reputation of this bank 
 is second to no other in Northern Missouri, and the vast amount of 
 business done yearly shows that the people have unlimited confidence 
 in its management. The proprietors are among the most substantial 
 business men of the city, while the officials are noted for their popu- 
 larity and efficiency. The directors at this time are J. P. Slatten, V. 
 Price, D. S. Alvord, J. F. Bryant, J. P. Hamilton, A. F. Woodruff 
 and H. A. Moulton. 
 
 City Government. — Bethany was incorporated as a city by an act 
 of the General Assembly bearing date of January 6, 1860. Under 
 this charter the corporate limits of the town were included in the west 
 half of the southeast quarter, and east half of the southwest quarter 
 of Section 10, Township 63, Range 28. This was amended March 3, 
 1869, so as to include all lots and additions that had been annexed to 
 the original plat of the town. The charter provided for the election 
 of the following municipal officers: one mayor, five councilmen, city 
 attorney, treasurer, clerk and marshal, whose terms of service were 
 fixed at one year each. The first officers were T. H. Templeman, 
 mayor; W. F. Miller, attorney; D. J. Heaston, clerk; S. C. Miller, 
 treasurer; Thomas Starkey, marshall; W. G. Lewis, C. L. Jennings, 
 J. W. Casebolt, J. P. Devers and B. F. Whedbee, councilmen. The 
 following were among the ordinances adopted by the first board: 
 relative to councUmen attending meetings, etc. ; keeping in repairs all 
 streets, and defraying other expenses; providing for a tax of li per 
 cent on all property, and a poll tax of 75 cents; providing for open- 
 ing streets, and fixing punishment for refusing so to do; providing 
 adequate fines and punishment for certain misdemeanors — rapid riding 
 and driving, etc. ; fixing license tax for shows, exhibitions, etc. ; pro- 
 viding for removal of nuisances, etc. , and several others. The first 
 assessor was Dr. William Fallis, who was allowed 8 cents for each 
 name in the list returned by him. March 12, 1875, Bethany was in- 
 corporated as a city of the fourth class, and its limits made to include 
 the following territory: the southeast quarter and the west half of 
 the southwest quarter of Section 10, and the north half of the north- 
 east quarter of the northwest quarter, and the north half of the north 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 347 
 
 half of the northeast quarter of Section 15, all in Congressional Town- 
 ship 63, Range 28. Without attempting to trace the different 
 boards, and city legislation, we give the following list of officers 
 who have served from time to time: 
 
 Mayors— T. H. Templemau, D. J. Heaston, J. F. Bryant, M. W. 
 McCuny, A. N. Cave, W. H. Hillman, John W. Wion, Lee D. Bell, 
 W. H. Skinner and J. H. Nordyke. 
 
 Clerks— D. J. Heaston, J. F. Bryant, W. C. Heaston, F. H. 
 Earner, John W. Kenyon. W. P. Robinson, Andrew Gumming, W. H. 
 German, James H. Rusk and E. R. Durham. 
 
 Treasurers — H. O. Bryant, J. E. Zimmerlee, E. G. Covault, A. D. 
 Stubbs, H. A. Moulton, Robert Dunn and Theodore Newburn. 
 
 The municipal officers at this time are J. H. Nordyke, mayor; 
 E. R. Durham, clerk; Theodore Newburn, treasurer; T. B. Ellis, 
 collector; E. H. Frisby. city attorney; William L. Fruit, marshal 
 and street commissioner; E. S. Miner, A. J. Fuller, Andrew Gum- 
 ming and Joseph A. Winslow, councilmen. 
 
 It is laudable in Bethany that she j)uts her best men in office 
 to control her affairs. When a city does this a pure and uncor- 
 rupted government is the result. 
 
 Additions. — The following are among the most important addi- 
 tions made to Bethany since the survey of the original plat: 
 Schnatterly' 8 addition of thirty-three lots, by H. L. Schnatterly, 
 March, 1871; Buck's addition, nine lots, April, 1871; West Beth- 
 any, twelve blocks, on the west half of the southwest quarter of 
 Section 10, Township 63, Range 28, laid out October, 1871, for 
 Robert S. Nelson, Thomas Monson, Elisha W Barton, Woodson 
 Swope, William Fallis, George H. Snyder, John Slinger and A. H. 
 Garton. This was incorporated separately in 1871, but since that 
 time the two towns have been considered as one. Allen's second 
 addition, eight lots, October, 1871; Schnatterly' s addition, thirty- 
 five lots, March, 1871, by H. L. Schnatterly; Bryant's addition, 
 twelve lots, April, 1881; Garton's addition, ten lots, March, 1881; 
 Tucker's second addition, June, 1873, by Charles G. Roberts and 
 James Tucker, administrators of the estate of Thomas Tucker; 
 Schnatterly' s third addition, July, 1882; D. J. Heaston platted an 
 addition of forty-four lots, March, 1882; Blackburn's addition, 
 surveyed May 11, 1883 for C. J. Blackburn, proprietor; Turner's 
 addition of forty-eight lots was laid out in August, 1884, by Joseph 
 Bartlett, administrator of the estate of Robert Turner. 
 
 Fires. —Bethany, like many larger cities, has been visited at dif- 
 
348 HISTOEY OF HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 ferent times by the fire fiend. From its birth it has had its fires, but 
 the first great conflagration occurred about the year 1864, when the 
 northeast part of the town, on North Street, was laid in a heap of 
 smoldering ruins. This fire originated in the Bethany House, kept 
 by Jacob Jones, and before it could be checked five business houses 
 and several residences were completely destroyed. Among the build- 
 ings burned were the hotel, store of William A. Templeman, Veazy 
 Price's harness shop, store building of John S. Allen, residence of 
 Mrs. Nelson and others. The loss was very great, but the town soon 
 recovered from the effects of the conflagration. There have been sev- 
 eral destructive tires since that time, among which was the burning of 
 the coiu'thouse. A full account of this disaster is given elsewhere. 
 
 In April, 1883, occurred a very destructive conflagration, during 
 the progress of which the buildings east of the public square were 
 reduced to ashes. This was the work of an incendiary. The following 
 is a list of the buildings biu-ned and the loss sustained : A. D. Smith' s 
 dwelling, loss $500; Dr. Dunn' s livery and feed stable, $1,000; Misses 
 Curry & Wymore, loss on building, $400, on stock of millinery, $250; 
 W. H. German, loss on building, $800, on billiard tables, $300; Hyatt 
 & McGrew, loss on grocery stock, $2,200; C. Crossan, bank, $1,500; 
 F. H. Ramer, Republican office, $1,000; Thomas D. Neal, loss on 
 building occupied by -Reptt6Zica»t office, $500; Mrs. Utterback's milli- 
 nery store, $1,300; Joseph Bonser, grocery store, $800; Bethany 
 Savings Bank, loss on building belonging to the Cuddy estate, $1,300. 
 R. F. Good, dwelling house, $600; J. Myles, photograph gallery, 
 $100; loss on the Miller building, $500; B. Collins' residence, $250; 
 J. C. Wilson lost nearly all the furniture of his law office; Wes. 
 Behee, loss on tools, machinery, etc., $300; Sid. Behee, loss on tools, 
 $100. 
 
 The buildings north and south of the east side of the square were 
 saved by the persistent and untiring efforts of the citizens. In less than 
 thirty minutes after the first alarm of fire was sounded at least 200 
 men, armed with buckets, were on the ground and at work, and only 
 by their industry were the Atheneum and other buildings saved. The 
 banks had their valuables in their vaults, and after opening the same 
 the contents were found safely preserved. 
 
 While the conflagration entailed a very destructive loss the suffer- 
 ers, with characteristic energy, soon rallied from its effects, and began 
 the erection of new and improved buildings. The new Bethany that, 
 Phoenix-like, rose from the ashes of the old, is far more beautiful and 
 magnificent, which proves the loss to have been a blessing in disguise. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 349 
 
 But for it and others the city would not wear her present comeliness 
 and beauty. Illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by 
 the divinity of its resurrection, its new growth has been marked by a 
 progress before unknown. 
 
 Grototh and Development. — The first few years of Bethany waa 
 not characterized by a very rapid growth. The country was then new, 
 and but little necessity for towns existed. A few small stores and 
 shops were all there was of business for several years, and the develop- 
 ment of the town as well as the adjacent country was naturally slow. 
 But as population increased, business grew and developed with the 
 demands of the times, and as early as 1855 the town was noted as 
 one of the best local trading points in Northwest Missouri. From 
 that time until the breaking out of the war its growth was steady 
 and substantial, and its favorable location attracted the attention of 
 gentlemen possessed of means and comprehensive business capacity. 
 During the war the town was content to occupy a secondary place, 
 but after the close of that unhappy struggle business of all kinds 
 revived, and a career of substantial prosperity has continued uninter- 
 rupted until the present time. The completion of the Chicago, Bui'- 
 lington & Quinoy Railroad in 1880 marked an important era in the 
 history of the city, since which time its population has greatly 
 increased, and more pretentious business houses have been erected. 
 Among the improvements since the advent of the railroad may be 
 noted the Wren & Cumrning's large two -story brick business house; 
 the Atheneum building, a large three-story brick structure, 50x100 
 feet in size, with business rooms below, and a fine hall capable of 
 seating from 800 to 1,000 people above; the Poynter hotel, now the 
 Hotel Emerson, a three- story brick, on the principal street of the city; 
 J. P. Hamilton's large hardware store; F. T. Harvey's furniture 
 house; the Cuddy block, the largest business building in the city, 
 and a structure that would do honor to a much more pretentious town; 
 the Noll building, business houses erected by Joseph Bryant, the 
 Roberts' brick building, Crossan's bank, King's blacksmith shop, the 
 Pitt wagon factory, Eade's wagon factory, Cooper's furniture factory 
 and others. 
 
 The handsome residences should not be overlooked in the general 
 summary of the city's elegant buildings. Many palatial dwellings 
 situated on beautiful grounds, and surrounded by trees, ornamental 
 shrubbery, and fragrant flowers are seen on the principal streets, 
 while smaller, but not less beautiful houses in all parts of the town 
 would lead the stranger to believe that Bethany is decidedly a citj' of 
 
350 HISTOBY OF HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 comfortable homes. Of the many structures we will particularize 
 none, for fear of omissions that might appear unjust to the owners. 
 Other ornaments to the architectural beauty of the city are the 
 churches, school building and courthouse, which find appropriate 
 mention elsewhere. 
 
 In its moral, social and intellectual condition Bethany can justly 
 enter into rivalry with any city or community in the State of Missouri. 
 The manners of her people are polished and refined, her public as 
 well as private morals are above reproach, and there is less disorder 
 among her citizens than generally falls to the lot of the most favored 
 communities. In short her meed of prominence, character and 
 standing, considering its population, is equal to any town west of the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Business and Business Men. — As a business point Bethany occu- 
 pies no secondary place among her sister towns of Northwest Mis- 
 souri. Situated in the midst of a proverbially rich agricultural and 
 stock country, and easily accessible by rail to the leading commercial 
 centers north and south, the town has become the principal source 
 of supplies for a large area of territory, and one of the most promi- 
 nent shipping points for grain and live stock on the line of the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quiney Road. The spirit of improvement 
 during the last two years denotes a healthy business prosperity, and 
 it is no wild or extravagant prediction to suggest the probability of 
 Bethany becoming the leading city of Northwest Missouri. Addi- 
 tional to the early business men enumerated the following men and 
 firms were identified with the commercial interests of the town fi'om 
 time to time: Bell & Buck, H. M. Cuddy, Allen & Cuddy, Mr. 
 Hardesty, Dr. J. C. Blackburn, Eoberts Bros. , Blackburn & Newman, 
 Dr. Tull, Eller & Bro. , Ford & Brown. Johnston & Sherer, Hiatt 
 & Sons, W. A. Templeman, Mr. Holt, J. P. Hamilton & Co. 
 
 Present Business. — Dry goods, Moulton & Cuddy; Yowell & Love, 
 Wren & Cumming, Glaze Brothers, Dunn Bros. &Co. , W. C. Rose 
 and John S. Allen. Hardware — J. P. Hamilton & Stubbs, and M.A. 
 Ford & Co. Drugs— T. B. Sherer & Son, Fuller & Newburn and 
 D. T. Johnson. Grocers— T. A. Dunn, Gay Aufrieht, C. W. 
 Myers & Son, Jacob Noll, J. M. Cornelison, E. M. Ashford and J. W. 
 Bonser. Fiu-niture — F. T. Harvey. Harness and saddlery — John S. 
 Allen & Son, M. Turner and Barry Bros. Milliners — Mrs. M. J. 
 Dodd, Hubbard Sisters, Mary Eoberts, Miss Devers and Mrs. W. W. 
 McCurry. Agricultural implements — W. G. Osborn. Lumber Yard — 
 Miner & Frees. Restaurants — Andrew Flint and Philip Schwenck. 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 351 
 
 Livery — John S. Allen, Jr., and J. Hand. Hotels — Hotel Emerson, 
 formerly the Poynter House, J. S. Emerson; St. Joe House, by J. T. 
 Richardson; Anderson House, by Mrs. Anderson; Ramer House, by 
 Mrs. Ramer. Marble shop — John W. Kenyon. Photographers — Papi- 
 neau Bros. Meat markets — J. M. Dascomb and J. H. Casebolt. 
 Huckster — George Peak. Manufactuiers of patent medicines — D. B. 
 Heath & Son. Furniture factory — W. T. Cooper. Manufacturers of 
 wagons and carriages — J. Cushman and W. S. Eades. Butcher — S. 
 
 P. King. Shoemakers — E. Zimmerman, Gilbert Arney and Hat- 
 
 terman. Painters — J. H. Prentiss, A. Prentiss, Joseph Prentiss, R. 
 Bedell and P. Swatsell. Physicians — J. Walker, A. H. Vandivert, 
 Lewis King, T. B. Ellis and W. H. Skinner. Dentist — H. R. Neeper. 
 Dealer in pianos and organs — A. J. Barber. Merchant tailor — H. 
 Roleke. 
 
 Assessed value of real estate and personal property for the year 
 1887, in Bethany and West Bethany, was $598, 785. The population 
 is about 1,600. 
 
 Secret Societies. — The moral and benevolent institutions wield al- 
 most as great influence in their way as Christianity itself. Of all the 
 charitable and benevolent organizations Freemasonry is the most an- 
 cient and honorable. Not the least of the wonderful features of the 
 order is its perpetual youth. All organizations have their times to 
 live and die. Human governments rise, flourish and disappear, leav- 
 ing only desolation in the places where their glory formerly shone. 
 But Masonry originating so long ago that history tells not of its begin- 
 ning has sm-vived the decay of dynasties and the revolution of races, 
 and kept pace with the marvelous march of Christianity. 
 
 Freemasonry was introduced into Bethany at an early day. Bethany 
 Lodge, No. 97 was organized under dispensation on May 7, 1853, with 
 the following ofdcers: J. P. Devers, W. M. ; C. M. Scott, S. W. ; W^ 
 R. Allen, J. W. ; B. P. Whedbee, Sec. ; H. T. Monson, S. D. ; Milton 
 Fowler, J. D. , and J. W. Casebolt, Tyler. The first person initiated 
 was W. S. Clark, June 4, 1853, and on August 27 of the same year 
 Elijah Glendening was raised to the degree of Master Mason. Among 
 the members at that early period are found the names of a number of 
 Bethany's prominent citizens: Elisha W. Bantom, J. S. Haines, Thom- 
 as M. Geer, J. P. King, M. P. Wills, Stephen C. Miller, L. D. 
 Thompson, John Spencer, P. Copenbarger and others. The lodge was 
 chartered May 25, 1854, with J. P. Devers, W. M. ; B. F. Whedbee, 
 S. W. ; W. R. Allen, J. W. When first organized the lodge was 
 No. 44, but under the charter it was changed to 97. Among those 
 
352 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 who became identified with the organization dui'ing the years 1854-55, 
 were Peter Price, H. Salmon, H. Cox, Iven Low, Eobert Salmon, 
 Isaac Brady, H. M. Cuddy, William Cummings, C. J. Blackburn, 
 T. H. Templeman, G, W. Miller and William G. Lewis. The 
 officers of the lodge in 1855 were John P. Devers, W. M. ; B. T. Whed- 
 bee, S. W.; John S. Allen, J. W. ; M. P.'WUls, Sec; S. C. Miller, 
 Treas. ; C. J. Blackburn, S. D. ; G. W.Miller. J. D. and E. W. Ban- 
 tom, Tyler. In June, 1856, the following officers were chosen: John 
 S. Allen, W. M. ; John Spencer, S. W. ; William G. Lewis, J. W. : M. 
 P. Wills, Sec. ; S. C. Miller, Treas. ; William Cummings, Tyler. 
 
 1860— John Wyatt, W. M. ; T. B. Sherer, S. W. ; John H. Philli- 
 baum, J. W. ; D. J. Heaston, Sec. ; S. C. Miller, Treas. ; H. T. Mon- 
 son, S. D. ; E. W. Bantom, J. D., and George Davis, Tyler. 
 
 1870— D. J. Heaston, W. M. ; J. A. Brewer, S. W. ; J. E. Zim- 
 merlee, J. W. ; Lewis Heffner, Treas. ; W. P. Robinson, Sec. : L S. 
 Bryant, S. D. , and Joseph Bartlett, J. D. 
 
 1880— T. B. Sherer, W. M. ; J. K. Kirk, S. W. ; Julius Tower, 
 J. W. ; Lewis Heffner, Treas. ; W. P. Robinson, Sec. : George W. 
 Wanamaker, S. D. ; 1. S. Bryant, J. D. , and J. J. Wernminger, Tyler. 
 
 The officers for 1887 are E. E. Durham, W. M. ; Sparks McClure, 
 S. W. ; H. R. Neeper, J. W. ; C. Crossan, Treas. ; T. B. Ellis, Sec. ; 
 J. R. Kirk, S. D. ; W. L. Fniit, J. D. 
 
 The first place in which the lodge held its meetings was a room in 
 the upper story of what is now the St. Joe House, which was subse- 
 quently exchanged for an apartment in the Allen building, on Korth 
 Street. After using the latter a number of years a hall was fitted up 
 in what is now the Dunn building, southwest of the public square, 
 where the sessions were regularly held until 1884. In that year the 
 present hall in the third story of the Cuddy block was completed and 
 rented by the lodge. This is said to be the finest and most complete 
 Masonic hall in the State outside of the city of St. Louis. The main 
 room is in size 43x66 feet, in addition to which there are a lodge par- 
 lor, preparation or candidate's room, Tyler's station and armory room 
 for commandery, all elegantly finished and furnished in the latest style 
 of art. Bethany Lodge has much more than a local reputation, and for 
 systematic and comi^lete work ranks among the best Masonic organiza- 
 tions in Missouri. It has enjoyed an almost unparalleled degree of 
 prosperity, and is constantly increasing in numbers and influence, the 
 present membership being about sixty-two. It is a noteworthy fact 
 that nearly all of Bethany's leading business and professional men 
 have been active members of the lodge, consequently its history is 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 353 
 
 closely interwoven with nearly everything of interest connected with 
 the city. Conspicious among the active members of the organization 
 was William G. Lewis, elected Worshipful Master in 1867. He 
 received the three degrees of Masonry in Bethany Lodge, being raised 
 to the siiblime degree of Master Mason on the 4th of November, 1855; 
 was re-elected Worshipful Master in 1867, again in 1868, and con- 
 tinued to hold the position until the time of his death, February 18, 
 1869. He was for a number of years a prominent citizen of Bethany, 
 "ever aiding, encouraging and supporting the right," and as a Mason 
 ranked high in the fraternity of Northwest Missoiiri. The following 
 appropriate resolutions were adopted by the lodge upon the occasion 
 of his death : 
 
 Whereas, it has pleased the Grand Architect of the universe to remove 
 from our midst our worthy Brother ana Worshipful Master, William G. Lewis, 
 and in his death our lodge has lost one of its most honored, most virtuous and 
 most noble members, and 
 
 Whereas, this lodge feels so sensibly this, its great loss, therefore 
 
 Resolved, that in the death of Brother Lewis our county has lost one of her 
 most distinguished citizens, society a bright light and intelligent ornament, and 
 the fraternity a devoted and untiring member, our lodge a faithful presiding 
 officer, and the church an exemplary Christian. 
 
 Resolved, that this lodge extend its heartfelt sympathy and consolation to 
 the bereaved widow and orphan children, who have thus lost a kind, affectionate 
 husband and father, pointing them to that bright immortality that fadeth not 
 away. 
 
 Mr. Lewis was the only Worshipful Master of the lodge who died 
 while in office. 
 
 Bethany Royal Arch Chapter was organized June 10, 1873, with 
 the following officers and charter members: D. J. Heaston, H. P. ; C. 
 Crossan, K. ; W. P. Eobinaon, S. ; A. Crossan, C. H. ; Joseph Corbett, 
 P. S. ; William T. Small, R. A. C. ; C. Crossan, Treas. ; Thomas H. B. 
 W^alker, Sec. ; Arthur Graham, M. 3d Veil; C. Cheney, M. 2d Veil ;S. J. 
 Scott, M. 1st Veil. A charter was granted by the Grand Chapter of Mis- 
 souri on the 9th of October, 1878. 
 
 The officers in 1876 were D. J. Heaston, H. P. ; C Crossan, K. ; 
 W. P. Robinson, S. ; A. Crossan, C. H. ; M. S. Gillidett, P. S. ; T. B. 
 Sherer, R. A. C. ; W. C. Heaston, M. 3d Veil; L. Hart, M. 2d Veil; 
 L S. Bryant, M. Ist Veil; Lewis HefEner, Treas.; John W. Kenyon, 
 Sec. , and C. Heney, G. 
 
 Present officers: Theodore Newburn, H. P.; M. A. Ford, K. ; T. 
 A. Dunn, S. ; J. R. Kirk, C. H. ; W. J. Wightman, P. S. ; C. Crossan, 
 Treas. ;T.B. Ellis, Sec. ; T. B. Sherer, M. 3d Veil; W. P. Robin- 
 son, M. 2d Veil; J. H. Prentiss, M. 1st Veil; present membership, 
 thirty -eight. 
 
354 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Bethany Commandery, Knights Templar, was organized on the 8th 
 of March, 1883, by W. J. Terrell, of Harrison ville, Eight Emi- 
 nent Grand Commander of Missouri, assisted by John R. Parsons and 
 S. E. Wagner, Past Grand Commanders; John E. Sloan, Grand Drill 
 Master; G. F. Rogers, G. J. Waid, C. E. Lord and R. O. Carscaden. 
 The commandery was chartered May 1, 1883. The first officers were 
 
 C. Crossan, Eminent Commander; D. J. Heaston, Generalissimo: M. 
 S. Gillidett, C. G. ; W. P. Robinson, S. W. ; T. B. Ellis, J. W. ; H. 
 M. Craner, Treasurer; G. H. Osborne, Recorder; Theodore Newburn, 
 S. B. ; J. B. Thomas, S. B. ; T. B. Sherer, Warden. At the first reg- 
 ular meeting the order was conferred upon five candidates, and seven 
 petitions were received. The membership at this time is thirty-two. 
 The officers are C. Crossan, E. C. ; Gay Aufi-icht, G. ; Theodore New- 
 burn, C. G. ; T. B. Sherer, Prelate; W. P. Robinson, Treasurer; T. 
 B. Ellis, Recorder; M. A. Ford, S. W. ; T. A. Dunn, J. W., and M. S. 
 Gillidett, Warden. 
 
 /. O. 0. F. — Odd Fellowship, the twin sister of Masonry in charity 
 and benevolence, is represented in Bethany by Miriam Lodge, No. 129, 
 which was chartered on May 19, 1850. Among the early members of 
 the organization were the following: D. C. Threlkeld, O. L. Abbott, 
 
 D. D. Boyce, John E. Creyton, J. F. Collier, David Goucher, James 
 Sevier, James Richster, Ephraim Stewart, H. M. Cuddy, P. H. 
 Maxey, C. A. Nelson, William Martin, E. S. Minton, James Price, A. 
 M. Dean, Samuel Ross, William P. Carson and Samuel Downey. 
 
 First meetings were held in the John S. Allen building north of 
 the public sqxiare, and for a number of years the lodge grew and 
 prospered. The hall in which meetings are now held is well fin- 
 ished and furnished, and belongs to the lodge. In 1870 Miriam 
 Cemetery one-half mile northwest of the city was laid out under the 
 auspices of the order, and has since become the principal burial place 
 in the county. The lodge is in good condition financially, and has an 
 active membership of forty-two. The elective officers for 1887 ai-e J. 
 R. Kirk, N. G. ; Irwin Williams, V. G. ; John W. Wirninger, Sec, 
 and Joseph Bonser, Treas. 
 
 Bethany Encampment, No. 35, was instituted in the year 1867 with 
 about fourteen members. The society at one time became quite 
 strong in numbers, and was kept up until about the year 1885. Owing 
 to deaths and removals it was deemed advisable to disband the society, 
 accordingly the charter was surrendered in the above year. A lodge of 
 the Rebecca degree was organized in 1866, and prospered for several 
 years. It was disbanded in 1883, and the charter sun-endered. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 355 
 
 Bethany Lodge, No. 87, Knights of Pythias, was established in 
 1883, with eighteen members whose names are as follows: S. W. 
 Leslie, J. C. Wilson, F. K. Aufricht, W. J. Taylor, Frank Meyer, 
 W. S. McCray, E. Dunn, J. H. Casebolt, J. D. Good, T. O. Tucker, 
 W. L. Barry, J. T. Corcoran, Joseph Newland, H. D. Poynter, W. 
 A. Templeman and Max Keller. The lodge at one time had the 
 names of thirty-eight members upon the roll, a number which subse- 
 quently became greatly diminished on account of removals. Meetings 
 were regularly held until 1886, at which time the charter was sur- 
 rendered. 
 
 Inter Ocean Lodge, No. 84, Ancient Order United Workmen, was 
 chartered October 28, 1878, and organized with the following officers: 
 U. M. Browder, P. M. W. ; Miles S. Gillidett, M. W. ; Robert F. 
 Good, G. F. ; Jacob H. Anslyn, O. G. ; Fred H. Ramer, recorder; 
 Jefferson Nordyke, financier; Joseph Winslow, receiver; James M. 
 Roberts, G. ; William J. Taylor, I. W. ; Isaac S. Bryant, O. W. 
 The officers at this time are C. A. Axline, M. W. ; U. G. Osborn, F. ; 
 V. P. Rupe, O. ; A. T>. Stubbs, R. ; J. W. Kenyon, F. ; W. T. Cooper, 
 Treas. ; Robert F. Good, I. W. ; W. S. Fades, O. W., and J. H. 
 Cover, P. M. AV. Meetings are held in Odd Fellows' hall on the second 
 and fourth Monday evenings of each month. The lodge has a mem- 
 bership of forty-four, and is reported in good condition . 
 
 Bethany Legion, No. 113, Select Knights, a higher degree of the 
 Workmen order, was organized on the 8th of March, 1886, with fifteen 
 charter members. The first officers of the lodge were as follows: M. 
 S. Gillidett, C. ; Dr. H. R. Neeper, V. C. ; A. J. Fuller, L. C. ; J. 
 H. Cover, S. W. ; W. S. Fades, J. W. ; J. G. Walker, M. ; F. Pap- 
 ineau, S. B. ; U. G. Osborn, Rec. ; J. W. Kenyon, Rec. Treas. ; W. 
 T. Cooper, Treas. Present membership is twenty-one. Present offi- 
 cers: M. S. Gillidett, S. C. ; H. R. Neeper, V. C. ; A. J. Fuller, L. C. ; 
 r. G. Osborn, Rec. ; W. T. Cooper, Treas. : John W. Kenyon. Rec. 
 Treas. ; J. H. Anslyn, M. ; J. H. Nordyke, P. C. ; F. Papineau, S. B. ; 
 J. H. Cover, S. W. ; A. E. Dale, G. ; J. H. Walker, A. J. Fuller 
 and W. T. Cooper, Overseers. 
 
 Grand Army of the Republic, Lieutenant T. D. Neal Post, No. 
 124, was organized November 22, 1883, with the following charter 
 members: C. H. Potter, A. W. Behee, Richard Goiicher, A. J. Par- 
 sons, Edward C. Mitchell, W. J. Taylor, Benjamin Sutton, F. M. 
 Gillespie, M. C. Beeks, John H. Blessing, Pleasant Case, Henry M. 
 Russ, Sylvester Smith, John H. Kiiloiigh, C. C. Blessing, Philip S. 
 Green, William Alder, Jackson Walker, James Van Meter, Elisha B- 
 
356 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Heath, M. F. Clark, Emery Williams, A. M. Haney, John Williams, 
 Jacob Noll, T. B. Sherer, W. H. Gale, J. W. Kenyon, W. H. Bail, 
 W. C. Heaston, James W. Parman, JVIichael Allen, W. H. H. Gilles- 
 pie, W. P. Robinson, W. P. Brown, Joseph C. Johnson, William 
 Stinson, Lewis Justice, James Johnson, Edward B. Ward, Albert 
 
 Reeves, R. D. Hook, F. T. Harvey, John T. Price, E. S. M. , 
 
 Jackson Yail, S. B. Cross, W. L. Fruit, John A. Dryer, John Jen- 
 nings, R. H. Wren, George D. Williams, A. J. Fuller, W. H. Skin- 
 ner, B. F. Sperry, M. S. Gillidett, D. S. Alvord, Joseph Willcut, A. 
 J. Davis, J. M. Bryant, John T. Rupe, John W. Smith and George 
 W. Hall. The organization was effected by Maj. John Harnois, dep- 
 uty mustering officer, and member of Custer Post, No. 7, of St. Joseph. 
 First officers were W. P. Robinson, P. C. ; J. Walker, S. V. C. : W. 
 C. Heaston, J. V. C. ; E. S. Miner, O. D. ; A. J. Fuller, Adjt. : R. 
 H. Wren, Q. M. ; Clinton H. Potter, O. G. ; W. H. Skinner, S. M. ; 
 J. W. Kenyon, Q. M. S. The second and third commanders of the 
 post were R. H. Wren and W. H. Skinner, respectively. Present offi- 
 cers are F. T. Harvey, P. C. ; J. G. Henshaw, S. V. C. ; Andrew 
 McClure, J. V. C. ; W. L. Fruit, O. D. ; John W. Smith, Chaplain; 
 J. Walker, Surgeon; Richard Goiicher, O. G. ; Ricaard Lovelace, 
 Adjt.; J. M. Hampton, Q. M.; T. L. Sullivan, S. M. ; A. D. Stubbs, 
 Q. M. S. This is one of the most flourishing posts in Northern Mis- 
 souri, numbering at this time over 200 members. 
 
 Lieutenant Jacob B. McClure Camp, No. 22, Sons of Veterans, 
 was chartered June 26, 1886, with twenty-seven members, whose 
 names are as follows: Joseph Newland, Joe W. Prentiss, E. R. Dur- 
 ham, James F. Gale, R. T. Bedell, V. P. Rupe, F. M. Eupe, L. A. 
 Harvey, Newt. Jennings, Edgar Skinner, William E. Hartshorn, Sparks 
 McClure, Ashman H. Vandivert, H. E. Hampton, Clay Prentiss, 
 William H. Shipley, Frank McClure, C. A. Axline, William O. Selby, 
 Harry Fruit, Albert Parsons, Charles W. Gillidett, Gideon Gillidett, 
 George W. Wymore, Ira W. Rice, John E. Stead and George W. 
 Dodd. The camp was mustered April 23, 1886. The first officers 
 were E. R. Durham, Capt. ; Joseph Newland, 1st Lieut. ; A. H. Van- 
 divert, 2d Lieut. ; R. T. Bedell, Chap. ; Edgar Skinner, 0. S. ; Jo- 
 seph Newland, Q. M. S. ; T. N. Rupe, S. of G. ; Newton Jennings, 
 C. S. ; Joseph T. Gale, C. of G. : W. E. Hartshorn, P. G. ; J. W. 
 Prentiss, P. M. ; Sparks McClure, J. W. Prentiss and V. P. Rupe, 
 C. C. Officers for 1887: E. R. Durham, Capt.; C. A. Axline, 1st 
 Lieut.; M. A. Ford, 2d Lieut.; C. H. Corey, 1st Sergt. ; H. R. 
 Neeper, Q. M. S. ; C. W. Gillidett, S. of G. : W. E. Hartshorn, C. 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 357 
 
 S. ; Gideon Gillidett, C. G. ; Harry Fruit, G. G. ; Frank Cross, P. 
 G. ; Clay Prentiss, P. M. ; Sparks McClure, V. P. Rupe and Frank 
 McClui'e, C. C. Present number of members is forty-eight. 
 
 Bethany is the headquarters of the division of Missouri Sons of 
 Veterans, and at this time the following State officers of the organiza- 
 tion reside in Harrison County: Ashman H. Vandivert, Com.; E. R. 
 Durham, Sec. ; Ezra H. Frisby, J. A. , and Samuel F. Church, Adjt. 
 
 Temperance Organizations. — In January, 1862, a society of the 
 Knights of Temperance was organized in Bethany, among the early 
 members of which were the following: W. D. Stewart, G. W. New- 
 man, Isabell Ramer, J. F. Collier, E. R. Martin, A. Templeman, 
 Mrs. F. C. Collier, Mary Allen, J. H. Newman, C. A. Hedrick and 
 E. A. Wayland. The society was well sustained for several years and 
 did much toward checking the prevailing intemperance of the times. 
 In January, 186-4, Bethany Lodge, No. 491, Independent Order of 
 Good Templars, was instituted by John J. Miller. It had a prosperous 
 career for some time, and numbered among its members many of the 
 leading citizens of the city and adjacent country. 
 
 Women^s Christian Temperance Union, a society of the W. C. T. 
 U. , was organized in Bethany about the year 1881 or 1882. It has at 
 this time a membership of about fifty, and is accomplishing a good 
 work in the cause of temperance. The place of meeting is a beautiful 
 hall in the Cuddy block neatly furnished. The officers of the organi- 
 zation are Mrs. Maude Allen, president; Mrs. Thompson, vice-president, 
 and Miss Cora Heaston, secretary. Under the auspices of this society, 
 a number of prominent lecturers have visited the city from time to 
 time, among whom were Luther Benson, Col. George Woodward, C. 
 J. Holt, Joseph Critchlield, Ansley Gray, Miss Frances Willard and 
 Julia Bosworth. 
 
 Gainesville. — This flourishing town is situated in the northeast 
 corner of Adams Township, on Grand River, within one mile of the Mer- 
 cer County line, and dates its history proper from about the year 1854. 
 The locality was selected in quite an early day, however, and among 
 those who located farms within a radius of a few miles were Alfred 
 Hickman, Joshua Moss, Philip Davis, Benjamin Grubb, "Bonny" 
 Grubb, Thomas Aubery, Calvin Williams, E. Booth, A. Booth, and 
 others whose names are not now remembered. 
 
 In about the year 1854 one Peter Cain, an early pioneer of Mercer 
 County, in partnership with Isaac Waldrop and Henry Kennedy, 
 erected a frame saw and flouring mill on Thompson' s fork of Grand 
 River, present site of the town, which soon became the nucleus of quite 
 a floui'ishing settlement. 
 
358 HISTORY OF HABBISON COUNTY. 
 
 This was the first manufacturing enterprise of any note attempted 
 in the eastern part of the county, and so highly prized was it that 
 people frequently came distances of thirty and forty miles to get their 
 grinding done. Connected with the mill was a large shed or sleeping 
 and cooking apartment for the accommodation of such customers as 
 were compelled to wait several days for their grisls. Such was the 
 reputation of the mill that it was no uncommon sight to see fifteen and 
 twenty teams hitched in close proximity to the buildings, the owners 
 waiting for what the miller was pleased to call their "turns." The 
 mill soon brought the locality into prominence, and within a short 
 time after it was started Mr. Cain opened a small general store, which 
 proved a great accommodation to his many customers and the neigh- 
 borhood at large. He sold his goods in a small frame building which 
 stood a short distance northeast of the mill site, and for some time 
 carried on quite a successful business. In the meantime the advan- 
 tages of the locality attracted others, and in April, 1855, Andrew Clark 
 secured the services of T. J. Cast, county surveyor, and laid out a town 
 on the southeast quarter and the southwest quarter of Section 12, Town- 
 ship 65. Range 26, which he named Cainesville in compliment to Mr. 
 Cain. The original plan of the town includes seven blocks subdivided into 
 sixty-two lots traversed by the following streets: Elm and Lafayette, 
 running east and west, and Washington and Vine, north and south. The 
 lots were at once placed upon the market, and within a short time quite 
 a number of them were purchased and improved. The following were 
 among the early purchasers and residents of the town: John Oxford, 
 John Restine, Joseph Catron, Marcellus Moss, John Hall, W. C. 
 Chapman, Joseph Pierce. James F. Chambers, William R. King, 
 Lewis R. Twedell, William C. Reeves, Adam Bowers, Dr. T. M. Ful- 
 lerton, C. B. Adkins, William McElfish, William T. Browning, Jesse 
 Myers, John Snyder and John Woodward, all of whom moved to the 
 town during the first two years of its history. 
 
 After selling goods for a short time in the building first erected, 
 Mr. Cain subsequently built the house occupied at this time by the 
 Cainesville Bank, in which he carried on the mercantile business, from 
 about 1857 until 1861. In the meantime other buildings were erected in 
 the town, among the earliest of which was a frame structure on the 
 corner of Lafayette and Washington Streets, in which j\Ir. Clark sold 
 goods for a short time. This building is still standing, being used at 
 this time for a stable. Jacob B. Oxford purchased a lot on the corner 
 of Washington and Main Streets shortly after the town was siu-veyed, 
 and erected thereon a frame building, which he opened for the accom- 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 359 
 
 modation of such travelers and transient visitors as saw fit to pay for 
 his hospitalities. This was the first hotel in Gainesville, and for several 
 years the only stopping place in the town. It was removed some years 
 ago, and replaced by the large business house of J. H. Burrows, which 
 still occupies the lot. Another early building stood where the Com- 
 mercial hotel now stands, and was used for hotel purposes in a later 
 day by Henry Kennedy. It was destroyed by firo in 1882. The 
 corner now occupied by the Bain House was first utilized as a build- 
 ing place by John Hall, who erected thereon a frame structure, which 
 was first used for the goods business. It was subsequently purchased 
 by Frank George, who enlarged and otherwise improved the building 
 and started a hotel, which was in operation several years. Dr. T. M. 
 Fullerton, the first resident physician of the town, erected a residence 
 on the corner of Main and Washington Streets as early as 1855, and 
 for several years thereafter practiced his profession in the village and 
 surrounding country. The building in which he resided is still stand- 
 ing, and occupied at this time by James Pelican. 
 
 Business Men. — To go back to the founding of Gainesville and 
 give a true detail of every branch of its business and industry, when 
 it commenced and by whom, is a task extremely difficult to accomplish. 
 Few persons reside in the village now who were here when it was 
 founded, and those few have paid comparatively little attention to the 
 various changes that have taken place from time to time during the 
 last thirty-three years. As already stated, however, the first person to 
 engage in the mercantile business in Gainesville was Peter Gain, and 
 after him Andrew Clark, both of whom left their impress upon the 
 early character of the struggling town. A little later came Joseph 
 Catron, who opened a general store where J. M. Moss & Go. 's busi- 
 ness house now stands, where for some years he conducted a fairly suc- 
 cessful trade. Dr. James Burns was an early merchant also, and for 
 some time carried on the general goods business on the lot now 
 occupied by Wickersham & Co. ' s store building. James M. and Mar- 
 cellus Moss came to the village prior to 1862, and in the latter year 
 Hon. J. H. Burrows became identified with its business interests, and 
 has since been a prominent factor in promoting the material prosperity 
 of the town. Mr. Burrows has displayed rare energy and liberality 
 in his many business transactions, and to him more than to any other 
 man is the town indebted for a large degree of its prosperity. Since 
 1862 Mr. Burrows has been engaged in the mercantile business, which 
 he still carries on, besides having large interests in the Gainesville 
 Bank and various other enterprises. At a later period in the history 
 
360 HISTOBY OF HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 of the town there were the following merchants additional to those 
 already mentioned: George W. Flint, Flint & Murphy, Flint & Noah, 
 W. G. Reeves, Moss & Rogers, W. C. Frazee, Frazee & Montgomery, 
 John Hall, Miles Bailey, Bailey & Flint, Joseph P. Bailey, J. P. and 
 J. Bailey, Charles Scott, Dr. E. Blatchley, Burns & Son, John M. 
 Sallee, Henry A. Harrison, David M. Cain, James H. Sallee, Henry 
 Eistine and L. H. Craig. 
 
 Physicians. — Of the learned professions Gainesville has known some 
 as able men as any town of its size in the county or State. Of the 
 medical profession there was Dr. T. M. Fullerton, at this time the 
 leading physician of Princeton, Mercer County. He came to the town 
 when it was but a niche in the forest, and for a number of years prac- 
 ticed his profession with the most gratifying success. Other medical 
 men from time to time were Drs. James Burns, Edgar Blatchley, L. 
 
 H. PeiTiman, Gonnell, Dr. Pitzell, I. B. StafFord, John D. 
 
 Enloe, Sr., Dr. Collins, and Dr. Hisler, the majority of whom were 
 well learned in the profession, and faithfully performed their duty to 
 their fellow man. 
 
 At this time the medical profession is represented by the following 
 physicians: S. D. Logan, Harvey Nally and W. D. Bryant. 
 
 Mechanics. — From the best local authority, the first mechanic in 
 Gainesville appears to have been one Cyras Hart, a blacksmith, who 
 erected a small shop, near where the steam mill now stands, a short 
 time after the town was surveyed. Joseph Pierce engaged in the 
 blacksmithing business in an early day, and for a number of years 
 operated a shop not far from the lot now occupied by the residence of 
 M. F. Oxford. Both of these men were good mechanics, and found 
 ample opportunities for the exercise of their skill as long as they 
 remained in the village. John Purdun and John Snyder were among 
 the early blacksmiths, and while the town was still in its infancy, 
 Messrs. Browning & McFee began the manufacture of fanning mills 
 which they coaducted for several years in the building which formerly 
 stood on the lot now occupied by the Wickersham store-room. 
 
 Postmasters. — It was a pathetic and strangely human expression 
 of Dr. Johnson when he said ' ' We shall receive no letters in the 
 grave." There is no power in that silent domain to appoint postmas- 
 ters; there is no communication open and no mail contracts can be 
 made with the grim passenger boat to the unknown beyond. There 
 were very little mail facilities or communication to Gainesville when 
 the first postofiice was established over thirty years ago. We learn 
 that a postoffice was opened in the town about the year 1855 with 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 361 
 
 John Bailey as postmaster. He served several years, and was suc- 
 ceeded by E. Prather, who in turn was followed in regular succession 
 by the following gentlemen: William McElfish, R. L. Oxford, J. E. 
 Hadly, and the present incumbent, C. M. Scott. 
 
 Manufactories. — As previously stated, the lirst manufacturing 
 enterprise of Gainesville was the flouring and saw mill erected by Cain, 
 Waldrop & Kennedy in the year 1855. The mill received its motive 
 power from the waters of Grand River, and for a number of years was 
 the chief attraction of the town. The original mill building was sub- 
 sequently torn down and rebuilt by Messrs. Neal & Wilson, who 
 moved it a short distance from where it at first stood. It has passed 
 through a number of hands, and at this time is operated by S. H. 
 Glaze & Co. , who do a very good business. The building is a large, 
 three-story frame structure with a basement, and is supplied with fair 
 machinery. 
 
 The Gainesville Saw and Planing -Mill, the largest manufacturing 
 enterprise of the kind in the county, was erected in 1882 by D. W. 
 Wells. The main building is 24x77 feet, with shed and store room 
 16x80 feet, and a dry house 17x26 feet in size. The building is sup- 
 plied with latest improved machinery for the manufacture of lumber, 
 broom handles, bedsteads and other articles, and a large planing- 
 mill, which is kept constantly running in order to supply the demand 
 of the town and neighborhood. Mr. Wells is sole manufactiu-er of 
 the celebrated Ellis' Washing Machine, large numbers of which are 
 sold throughout Northwest Missouri, Southern Iowa and other States. 
 The mUl represents a capital considerably in excess of $5,000, and is 
 the most important enterprise of the town. 
 
 Incorporation. — In January, 1875, the citizens of Gainesville 
 decided to assume the responsibility of establishing and maintaining a 
 town corporation. Accordingly, a petition to that effect was presented 
 to the county court, which took the necessary action on the 20th of 
 the above month. The first board of trustees was composed of Joseph 
 Pierce, John Bailey, R. B. Wilson, Joseph H. Ristine and James Bink- 
 ley. They met and finally organized by electing R. B. Wilson, chair- 
 man; and appointing G. B. Woodward, town clerk; E. A. Thompson, 
 marshal; L. M. Wickersham, assessor; W. H. Bailey, collector; and 
 W. H. Burns, treasurer. April, 1875, an election was held, resulting in 
 the following board being chosen: James Moss, Joseph Pierce, Robert 
 Wilson, Sr., William McElfish and O. H. Burns. Ed. Thompson 
 was appointed marshal; W. H. Burns, treasurer; Victor D. Clark, 
 clerk, and G. W. Hagan, street commissioner. The officers of 1876 
 
 23 
 
362 HISTORY OF HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 were as follows: "William McElfish, M. H. Bailey, Thomas Addison, 
 Thomas Tindall and William D. Bryant, trustees; G. W. Shaw, mar- 
 shal; James Moss, treasurer; M. F. Oxford, clerk; William Riley, 
 street commissioner. The municipal officers at this time are J. R. 
 Hadley, G. W. Shaw, Harvey Nally, G. W. Case and Miles E. French, 
 trustees; Dr. W. D. Bryant, clerk; G. R. Wilson, treasurer; S. D. 
 Logan, assessor; John Skakal, street commissioner; and James Moss, 
 Sr., collector. 
 
 Gainesville Bank was established July, 1883, by a joint stock com- 
 pany, with a paid-up capital of $13, 000. It has been conducted very 
 successfully, and at this time is one of the best banking houses in 
 Harrison Coxinty, the proprietors being among the town's most sub- 
 stantial business men. The officers are S. H. Glaze, president, and C. 
 B. Woodward, cashier. The following gentlemen are directors: S. H. 
 Glaze, T. G. Rogers, M. F. Oxford, J. H. Burrows, Enos Pickens, W. 
 J. Clamands and J. S. Taylor. 
 
 Secret Societies. — Cainesville Lodge, No. 328, A. F. & A. M., was 
 organized under dispensation in the year 1868, the chief mover in 
 bringing about the organization being Hon. J. H. Burrows. The fol- 
 lowing are the names of original members so far as could be learned: 
 John Woodward, J. H. Burrows, Conrad Mooter, A. B. Montgomery, 
 W. C. Frazee, J. H. Baker and John D. Enloe. John Woodward was 
 Worshipful Master; J. H. Burrows, Senior Warden; Conrad Mooter, 
 Junior Warden; and A. B. Montgomery, Secretary. The lodge was 
 granted a charter on the 18th of October, 1870, at which time, and 
 for a few years thereafter, meetings were held in a hall over the 
 Cainesville Bank. The meeting place was subsequently changed, and 
 at this time the lodge holds its sessions in a hall belonging to Messrs. 
 Rogers & Wilson. The organization has had a prosperous career, 
 but is not so strong in numbers now as formerly, the present mem- 
 bership being but thirty-two. The following are the officers for 1887: 
 J. H. Burrows, Worshipful Master; T. G. Rogers, Senior Warden; 
 J. C. Cain, Junior Warden; Dr. H. Nally, Secretary; G. A. Stigall, 
 Senior Deacon; J. H. Sallee, Junior Deacon; E. F. Brower, Treasurer; 
 and Ruffian Brown, Tyler. 
 
 An order of the Eastern Star, known as Riverside Chapter No. 116, 
 was instituted in Cainesville a number of years ago, with the follow- 
 ing charter members: Katie Woodward, Mary A. Hall, Charlotte A. 
 Pickens, Julia A. Woodwai'd, Amanda C. Harper, Angle Ristine, Laura 
 Bailey, Mary F. Brower, Sarah S. Bailey, Eleanor Rogers, Margaret 
 D. Chambers, Mary A. Buitows, Luenna Scott, Jane Small, Rebecca 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 363 
 
 J. Price and Charlotte T. Harrison. For two or three years the 
 organization grew and prospered, but at the end of that time internal 
 dissensions arose, which finallj^ caused the society to disband. The 
 last meeting was held about the year 1880. 
 
 Cainesville Lodge, No. 199, I. O. O. F., is a flourishing society, 
 though not so strong, numerically, as in years gone by. At one time 
 the records contained the names of over forty members, among whom 
 were many of the most prominent citizens of the town and surround- 
 ing country. The date of its organization and facts pertaining to its 
 early history were not learned. The officers at the present time are 
 as follows: M. F. Oxford, N. G. ; S. V. Eogers, V. G. ; Isaac R. 
 Hadley, R. S. ; Dr. H. Nally, P. S. ; J. W. Chambers, Treas. Meetings 
 are held in Rogers & Wilson's hall. The organization is in the enjoy- 
 ment of a reasonable degree of prosperity, and its future is prom- 
 ising. 
 
 Temperance in Cainesville. — Not the least in the category of 
 obstacles which interfered with the success of Cainesville in former 
 years was the presence of several whisky shops, which gave the 
 town a very unsavory reputation abroad. These places were the 
 rendezvous of all the worthless characters in the village and sur- 
 rounding country, and to their baleful influence is due the wreck 
 and downfall of a number of young men, who but for their presence 
 might have become reputable citizens and business men. Upon cer- 
 tain days of the week the town presented hardly the appearance 
 of a civilized village. It must not be understood that such con- 
 duet was countenanced by the majority of the citizens, as siich was 
 far from being the case, but the presence of a rough and somewhat 
 lawless element prevented for a time any and all attempts upon 
 the part of the peaceably disposed people to inaugurate an era of 
 quiet and order. As a means of checking the prevailing evil of 
 inte mperance, Hon. J. H. Burrows, in the fall of 1862, succeeded in 
 organizing a Good Templar's lodge, with which many of the resi- 
 dents of the town at that time became identified. Among some of 
 the early members were John D. Chambers, Joseph Chambers, Sr. , 
 Elder John Woodward, A. F. Woodruff, James Burrows, J. N. Truax, 
 A. B. Montgomery, George W. Randall and others, all of whom 
 took an active part in the warfare against the saloons of the town. 
 The organization was brought about in the face of much opposition, 
 not the least of which was the disposition upon the part of a certain 
 class to break up the meetings of the lodge by violence. Nothing 
 daunted, however, the temperance people inaugurated a vigorous 
 
364 HISTOKY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 campaign against the saloons, and not content with merely meeting in 
 the lodge room, singing songs, passing resolutions, etc. , they marched 
 boldly through the streets in body, and held song service and other 
 exercises in front of the rumseller's doors. For a while the efPorts 
 of the organization to check the evil seemed futile, but in time a 
 good effect was produced, and before the lapse of many years the 
 saloon keepers of Gainesville were compelled to close their doors or 
 seek other and more favorable localities in which to ply their trade. 
 The Templars named their organization Banner Lodge, and at one 
 time it had a membership of over 400, nearly all of whom, be it said 
 to their credit, remained faithful to the vow of total abstinence. 
 Like other organizations of the past Banner Lodge had its day, but 
 during the ten years of its history it accomplished a work the grand 
 and beneficial effects of which it is difficult to estimate or enumerate. 
 
 A fit successor to the Good Templar's organization is the Women's 
 Christian Temperance Union, a society of which was established in 
 Gainesville about the year 1883. This organization has prospered 
 with the most gratifying success, and at this time has a membership 
 of about sixty, all of whom are fully alive to the interests of the 
 temperance reform. In 1885 the society erected a beautiful hall, 
 20x30 feet and 13 foot story, at a cost of $650. The hall in which the 
 meetings are held is tastefully furnished, supplied with an organ 
 and bell, and is by far the finest hall in the town. At this time a move- 
 ment to found a library and reading room is being pushed forward, 
 and with the proper financial encouragement, which of course the 
 citizens will cheerfully extend, the project will soon be successfully 
 caiTied out. The present officers of the society are Mrs. J. H. Bur- 
 rows, president; Mrs. J. H. Sallee, vice-president, and Louemma 
 Clark, secretary. 
 
 Cainesville Post, No. 216, G. A. R., was organized October 17, 
 1884, by Maj. W. H. H. Skinner, of Bethany, with the following 
 charter members: W. D. Bryant, Charles G. Baker, I. S. Stoner, 
 Thomas J. Roberts, William Allman, Henry C. Potorf, John Posler, 
 David E. Bain, S. H. Pierce, R. O. Woodward, John M. Brower, 
 John G. Oder, Alexander Craig, Henry Ristine, I. R. Hadley, G. W. 
 Shaw, W. I. Marriott, P. King, Jaiiies M. Moss, George Glibbern, 
 Nathan Graham, and A. D. Graham. The first Commander was W. 
 D. Bryant. The First Senior Vice- Commander, J. M. Moss. The pres- 
 ent membership of the post is fifty-five. Meetings are held twice 
 each month, and the organization is reported in prosperous condition. 
 The officers for 1887 are as follows: J. M. Moss, Commander; J. D. 
 
STATE OF MISSODKI. 365 
 
 Oder, S. V. C. ; W. I. Merriott, J. V. C. ; C. E. Baker, O. G. ; L. M. 
 Wickersham, O. D. ; T. J. Roberts, S. M. ; O. H. Burns, Q. M. S. ; 
 W. C. Baker, Chaplain; S. H. Pierce, Surgeon. 
 
 Churches. — The Methodist, Baptist and Christian denominations 
 are represented in Cainesville by flourishing organizations, and three 
 neat and commodious temples of worship. The Methodist building 
 was erected in 1871, at a cost of $1,400. The house in which the 
 Christian Church meets stands near the central part of town, and 
 rejaresents a capital of about 11,200. The Baptist building in the 
 southeast part of the town was erected in 1872 at a cost of about 
 $1,300. The present school building, a large two-story frame struct- 
 ure, was erected in 1 872. 
 
 Cainesville at the Present Time. — During the first eight or ten 
 years of its history the growth of Cainesville, while not rapid, was 
 steady and substantial. Situated as it is in the midst of a fine farm- 
 ing country, remote from any other town or business point, it soon 
 became the center of a large local trade, and earned the reputation 
 of being one of the best towns in the county. The completion of 
 the Des Moines Narrow Gauge Railroad marked an era in the his- 
 tory of the place, and since then its business of all kinds has 
 greatly increased. At this time its retail trade will compare with any 
 town of its size in Northwest Missouri. Its stores and business 
 houses are large, and the merchants are wide awake and energetic. 
 Next to Bethany it is now the largest town in Han-ison County. 
 The present spirit of improvement denotes a healthy business pros- 
 perity, and it is no extravagant prediction to suggest the probability 
 of Cainesville becoming the leading town in the county, at no dis- 
 tant day. Its present business is as follows: 
 
 Merchants. — M. F. Oxford, general mechandise; J. H. Burrows & 
 Co., general merchants; Rogers & Wilson, general stock; L. M. 
 Wickersham & Co., general stock; J. M. Moss & Co., general mer- 
 chandise; Burrows & McKiddy, hardware; Ader & Case, hardware; 
 C. B. Woodward & Co., groceries; Glaze & Neal, groceries; O. H. 
 Burns & Co., drugs; Isaac R. Hadley, groceries and confectionery; 
 Wilson Omer, confectionery and bakery; Mullins & French, furniture; 
 Mrs. P. J. Neal, millinery. 
 
 Hotels. — Bain House, in the central part of the town, is a large 
 and well furnished hotel kept by John Bain. Clifton House, by I. 
 N. Elliott, is a favorite stopping- place for the traveling public, and 
 one of the best hotels in Harrison County. The Commercial House, 
 kept by Thomas H. Ristine, is one of the largest and finest hotel 
 
366 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 buildings in this section of the State. It was erected in 1887, and 
 is a first-class house in every particular. 
 
 Mechanics. — W. M. Baldwin, manufacturer of furniture; J. D. 
 Chambers, blacksmith; Joseph Klasalick, blacksmith; Philip Gentry, 
 wagon-maker and blacksmith; William French, wagon-maker; G. O. 
 Hammond, manufacturer and dealer in saddlery and harness, and J. 
 Skakal, shoemaker. 
 
 The other business men of the town are I. N. Elliott, attorney at 
 Jaw; "William Crawford, lumber dealer; W. E. Barton, barber and 
 photographer; H. Kistine, livery stable, and Harrison & Sallee, meat 
 market. 
 
 Eagleville. — The village of Eagleville is situated about fifteen miles 
 northeast of Bethany, in the townships of Marion and Union, and is 
 the site of an early settlement in that part of the county. Among 
 the pioneers who secured homes in the vicinity of the village in an 
 early day are remembered the following: Allen Bridges, Thomas 
 Shain, George Davis, John Poynter, Ichabod Jinks, Dr. Oatman, 
 Mrs. Hulse, H. O. Neville, Daniel Shirley, James Grinstead, Thomas 
 Patton, William Anderson, Samuel Anderson, Simpson Montgomery, 
 Moses Shirley, Dr. Skinner and Aquilla C. Barber. 
 
 After the year 1850 the influx of settlers increased to such an 
 extent that the propriety of establishing a local trading point began to 
 be discussed. In August, 1851, Robert Bullington donated ten acres 
 of ground for the purpose of starting a town, and upon the 28th of 
 the month a plat of the same was surveyed as follows: " Commencing 
 at the northwest corner of Section 6, Township 65, Range 27, running 
 east 38 rods and south 42 rods, being 38 rods across east and west, 
 and 42 rods long north and south, each block 12 rods square with 12 
 feet alley, and each lot 66 feet wide by 93 feet long." Several addi- 
 tions were subsequently made to the original plat, and the territory 
 embraced within the town limits at this time is sufficient for a city of 
 at least 2,000 inhabitants. Near the central part of the town is a large 
 public square; running east and west are six streets, crossed at right 
 angles by nine streets running north and south. 
 
 The lots in the first surveys were offered for sale in 1851, but no im- 
 provements of any kind appear to have been attempted for a year or two 
 later. One of the first residents of the village was John Haynes, who, 
 as early, perhaps, as 1852, erected a small frame building, and engaged 
 in the mercantile business which he carried on for about two years. 
 James Anderson, Sr. , and James Anderson, Jr. , pui'chased lots soon 
 after the survey, and erected residences on the same in an early day- 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 367 
 
 James Anderson, Sr. , brought a small stock of goods to the town, and 
 was for a short time identified with the mercantile interests of the 
 place. He subsequently erected what has since been known as the 
 Central House, on which he kept the first hotel in the town. James 
 Anderson, Jr., a little later erected a large two-story frame building 
 on North Main Street, known as the Eagle hotel, which was run as a 
 place of public entertainment for a number of years. He afterward 
 sold goods in the building, and seems to have done a fairly good busi- 
 ness. The house passed through a number of hands from time to time, 
 and was destroyed by fire about the year 1883. Aquilla C. Barber, in 
 1857, erected a business house on the west side of the public square, 
 in which for some time he sold goods in partnership with Joel Hall, 
 who subsequently purchased the whole interest. Dr. C. M. Gilkey 
 located in the town soon after it was founded, and engaged in the 
 practice of medicine which he carried on for some time in connection 
 with the mercantile business, his partner being James B. Brower, who 
 early erected a building in the north part of the village. From 1852 until 
 1857 the following persons pm-chased real estate in the town: Thomas 
 Patton, L. G. Jones, John S. Haynes, William Anderson, J. P. King, 
 William Hodgin, Joseph Bridges, John Spencer, William R. Allen, 
 William O wings, J. W. Hasp & Co., B. F. Fletcher, Henry Sweeten, 
 Nathan W. Tripp, Hezekiah W. Herring, John Martin, W. D. Horton, 
 Hem-y O. Nevill, Joseph Huntseck, Robert W. Memford, William 
 Mallett, William B. Needham, Thomas H. Poynter, James J. Dale, 
 William Ballew, Ellen Barber, George W. Johnson, M. L. James, J. 
 D. Tall and S. J. Tall. The following were early purchasers of lots 
 in Hall's addition to the town: B. A. McClure, Elisha Meeker, A. W. 
 Allen, James H. Poynter, Thomas E. Beach, John R. Colwell, Noah 
 Coons, William R. Allen, W. J. Skinner, M. S. Berks, M. P. Wills 
 and Willis Owings. 
 
 Business Men. — Additional to the early merchants already named 
 was Thomas Poynter, who engaged in the mercantile trade about 1856 
 or 1857 in a small fi-ame building which stood near the northern lim- 
 its of the town. After continuing alone a few years he went into 
 partnership with Horace H. Fitch, and erected a store building on the 
 piiblic square, which is still standing. Messrs. Poynter & Fitch were 
 very successful merchants, and amassed a comfortable competence 
 during the years they remained in the town. The following men and 
 firms were engaged in the mercantile business from time to time: 
 Amos Poynter, William Poynter, George Young, Young & Wren, 
 Young & Shirley, George Norris, Peter McCall, Downing & Moore, 
 
368 HISTORY OF HAREISON COUNTY. 
 
 Briggs, Hall & Pearson, Elisha Meeker, Hugh Munson, John Spencer, 
 Hillman & Allen, Hillman & Dunn, Boham & Lockwood, Ewart & 
 Nevill, Officer & Edson, Stonum Bros., Dr. Tilton, Elisha Banta and 
 John Hampton. 
 
 Early Mechanics. — Among the early mechanics of Eagleville were 
 William Bobbins, carpenter; Andrew Kreamer, shoemaker; James 
 Beech, cabinet-maker; and William Hodgin, Samuel Moore & Son, 
 blacksmiths. These men all came to the town in an early day, and 
 worked at their respective trades for a number of years. 
 
 Medical Men. — The following physicians practiced the healing art 
 in Eagleville at different times: Drs. C. M. Gilkey, H. J. Skinner, 
 S. B. McClellan, Charles Oatman, Dr. Newman and A. H. Vandivert. 
 The present physicians are Drs. J. L. Downing and T. Bohannon. 
 
 Mill. — The only manufacturing enterprise of any note in Eagle- 
 ville is the large flouring-mill erected in 1870 by Robert HufPman. 
 The building is a three-story frame with basement, supplied with 
 machinery for the manufacture of a superior grade of flour. It is 
 operated at this time by Messrs. Huffman & Miller, who do a good 
 business. 
 
 P. T. Harvey for several years carried on a furniture factory in the 
 town, which he operated with encouraging success. He subsequently 
 moved to Bethany, where he is still engaged in the trade. 
 
 Growth. — During the first few years of its history Eagleville pro- 
 gressed but slowly, a variety of causes combining to retard its prog- 
 ress, one of which was the unsettled condition of the surround- 
 ing country, which at that time was scarcely developed. The town 
 took a new life soon after the war, and fi'om about the year 1866 
 until 1870 it was by far the most prosperous trading point in 
 Harrison County. Six or eight large stores were in operation dur- 
 ing that period, and business of all kinds was well supported. It 
 drew trade from all parts of Northern Harrison, and for several 
 years was the rival of the county seat. The completion of the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad through the county, and the 
 springing up of the thriving towns of Ridgeway and Blythedale, a few 
 miles distant, proved a death blow to its prosperity, since which time 
 it has been on the downward grade. A general decay fastened itself 
 upon the once flourishing little city, and at this time the town is but a 
 shadow of its former self. It still commands a fair proportion of the 
 current trade, however, and will doubtless remain a local business 
 point for years to come. The business of the town at this time is rep- 
 resented by the following directory: George H. Lockwood, druggist; 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 369 
 
 Pearson & "Wyant, general merchandise; A. Cramer & Son, general 
 stock; John A. Anderson, groceries; T. B. SchaefFer, hardware; W. 
 L. Hoffman, fm-niture; John W. Moore, drugd; Miss M. C. Welch 
 and Mrs. Brower, milliners; John Wylie, photographer; George F. 
 Moore, livery stable; James Terry, blacksmith; James Cross and 
 Perry Muma, butchers; Charles C. Hall, harness-maker; James 
 Cross, proprietor of the Central House; John Moore, plasterer. 
 
 There are three churches in the town, Methodist, Baptist and 
 Christian, all of which have substantial fi-ame houses of worship. 
 
 Secret Societies. — The Masonic fi-aternity is represented in Eagle- 
 ville by the Lodge of Light, No. 257, organized aboixt the year 
 1867 or 1868, with seven or eight charter members. Meetings were 
 held in different buildings until 1880, at which time the present hall 
 over the business room of T. B. Schaeffer was erected. While not so 
 strong in numbers as formerly, the society is still in a prosperous 
 condition, with an active membership oi thirty. The first Worshipful 
 Master was Arthur Graham. The present officers are T. B. SchaefFer, 
 W. M. ; J. M. Settle, S. W. ; Andrew Sheets, J. W. ; J. L. Downing, 
 Sec. ; Jacob Coontz, Treas. ; John Barber, S. D. ; Wesley Eaton, J. 
 D., and P. T. Anderson, Tyler. 
 
 Eagleville Lodge, No. 166, I. O. O. F., was instituted March 27, 
 1867, by District Deputy Grand Master John E. Clayton, with the 
 following charter members: Henry O. Bryant, Veazy Price, Henry 
 Moats, T. B. Schaeffer and k.. P. Rupe. Among the first officers were 
 T. B. Schaeffer, N. G. ; Henry Moats, V. G., and J. W. Ewart, Sec. 
 The lodge grew and prospered for a number of years, and at one time 
 had the names of 1 30 members iipon the records. It lost heavily by 
 deaths and removals from time to time, and in February, 1887, there 
 were but eight members left. By mutual consent it was decided to 
 surrender the charter in the above month and year, since which time 
 the residue of members have been identified with the lodge at 
 Kidgeway. 
 
 Eagle Lodge, No. 118, A. O. U. W., was established about the 
 year 1881, with a good membership which has since decreased until 
 at this time there are only ten belonging. The present officers of the 
 organization are as follows : J. D. Brown, M. W. ; William Pearson, 
 Recorder; A. H. Deputy, Financier; T. B. Schaeffer, Receiver; A. J. 
 Sheets, Foreman; R. H. Wren, Guide; P. T. Anderson, O. W., and 
 Dr. Bohannon, Medical Examiner. 
 
 Rheubendal Post, No. 223, G. A. R., was organized in Decem- 
 ber, 1883, by Maj. Skinner, of Bethany, with thirty-three charter 
 
370 HISTORY or HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 members. The first officers were J. D. Officer, Commander; K. H. 
 Giastead, S. V. C. ; James Dale, J. V. C. ; A. H. Deputy, O. D. ; H. 
 M. Stump, O. G. ; Charles Miller, Adjutant; J. A. Coontz, Q. M. ; 
 Hem-y Tripp, Surgeon. Officers of 1887: T. B. Schaeffer, Com- 
 mander; H. J. Herring, J. V. C. ; James Dale, J. V. C. ; O. W. John- 
 son, Q. M. ; I. N. Curry, Adjt. ; John Cook, O. D. ; John Hovater, 
 O. G. ; James Cross, Surgeon, Thomas Beeks, Chaplain. Present 
 membership is seventy-six. 
 
 Moujit Moriah. — The town of Mount Moriah is situated in the 
 eastern part of Trail Creek Township, about two miles from the bound- 
 ary line between Harrison and Mercer Counties, and was surveyed in 
 the year 1856 by Alexander McCoUum, for George Miller, proprietor. 
 The plat as recorded shows sixteen blocks, subdivided into 140 lots, 
 laid out on the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 
 23, Township 64, Range 26. The village appears to have been the 
 outgrowth of the neighborhood's demand for a trading point, and the 
 locality was first brought into prominence by a steam saw and flouring 
 mill erected by Mr. Miller as early as 1855 or 1856. A short time 
 after the suiwey W. J. Prater, an early settler in the vicinity, purchased 
 a lot and erected a blacksmith shop, and a little later a dwelling, 
 which were the first buildings on the town site. The former stood 
 near the central part of the village on the lot now occupied by Dr. 
 Sellers' business house, and the dwelling was built southwest of the pub- 
 lic square, where the residence of George W. Stewart now stands. 
 In the winter of 1856 John Purdun moved to the village and engaged 
 in the blacksmithiug business, erecting a shop northeast of the square, 
 and a dwelling in the western part of the town, where Elisha Bustle 
 now lives. The first business house was erected by George W. Miller 
 south of the square, in which he sold goods about one year, closing 
 out at the end of that time. An early grocery and whisky shop was 
 started on the south side of the square by one Samuel W. Huller, 
 whose place soon became the rendezvous of all the worthless charac- 
 ters of the community. He continued to ply his trade about one year, 
 at the end of which time his establishment was forcibly broken up by 
 the better class of citizens, who determined to remove the cause which 
 gave the town its unenviable reputation. 
 
 About the year 1858 William Frazee engaged in the dry goods 
 trade, which he carried on with fair success until 1860, the stock 
 then being piu'chased by Messrs. White & Deai'duff, who contin- 
 ued the business about two years longer. The building in which this 
 store was kept stood east of the square, and was erected by Jesse 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 371 
 
 Walker. Charles Dvikes erected a building west of the square in an 
 early day, which he designed for a hotel, but it does not appear to 
 have been used for that purpose. The first building opened for the 
 accommodation of the traveling public was the residence of W. J. 
 Prater, but the first regular hotel was started about the year 1860 by 
 H. O. Bryant. 
 
 Among the earliest mechanics, aside from Messrs. Prater & Pur- 
 dun, were Joseph Parish, blacksmith; Charles Dukes, carpenter; Rob- 
 ert Jackson, carpenter and cabinet-maker; A. T. Shaffer, blacksmith; 
 Samuel J. Wright, blacksmith and wagon-maker, and Charles Eades, 
 wagon- maker. 
 
 The following men and firms carried on the mercantile business at 
 different times: Samuel Smith, Joseph V. Parish, James Burrows, 
 William Stewart, George Flint, Wesley Cardiff, Joseph Webb, 
 Henry White, William Chambers, Chambers & Baker, Chambers & 
 Fuller, Chambers & Macey, Chambers & Stoner, Samuel Baker, Oscar 
 Shoemaker, Shoemaker & Macey, Shoemaker & Bustle. The first drug 
 store was started about the year 1866 by H. O. Bryant, who, a little 
 later, effected a co-partnership in the business with James M. Brady. 
 Albert O. Bryant subsequently purchased the interest of the former, 
 and after continuing the business with Brady about one year, withdrew 
 with his half of the stock, and engaged in the trade upon his own 
 responsibility. Charles Cane, Joseph Cobui'n, Men'ifield & Lincoln, 
 O. C. Macey, and Shipley & Stanley carried on the drug trade at dif- 
 ferent times, but the record is that nearly all of them finally failed in 
 the business. Messrs. Church & Bishop opened the first hardware 
 store about the year 1882. The latter is still in the business. 
 
 Among the physicians who have resided in the town fi-om time to 
 
 time were the following: Alexander Scott, Scott, Dr. Benson, 
 
 William Bryant, A. L. Dunn, M. M. Hayden, Dr. Bushon, George 
 W. Sellers, William A. Melton and Dr. Cruzan, the last three being 
 still in the village. 
 
 As already stated, the first manufacturing enterprise was the saw 
 and flouring mill erected by George W. Miller. Mr. Miller sold out 
 at the end of about one year to J. Oatman, who, after operating the 
 mill for some time, disposed of it to Joseph Collier, by whom it was 
 subsequently moved to Bethany. 
 
 Messrs. Kane & Hally erected a steam saw and corn mill about 
 the year 1863, and ran it very successfully for a period of five or six 
 years. It was afterward sold and moved fi'om the village. The pres- 
 ent saw mill was brought to the town in 1885 by Eobert Neal. It does 
 
372 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 a very fair business and is extensively patronized by the citizens of the 
 town and adjacent country. 
 
 Mount Moriah is essentially a mercantile town, and as such will 
 compare favorably with any other village of the county. It is sur- 
 rounded by a fine agricultural region, and is the chief source of sup- 
 plies for a large area of territory in Harrison, Mercer and Grundy 
 Counties. During the war the village was almost deserted, but about 
 the year 1866 it became infused with new life and vitality, and until 
 the completion of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Eailroad it 
 ranked with Bethany, Cainesville and Eagleville in the extent of its 
 mercantile trade. It is still a place of considerable business impor- 
 tance, and, from its admii-able location, is likely to continue in com- 
 mand of a large proportion of the current trade. 
 
 The business at this time is represented by the following register: 
 Webb & Sons, dry goods and general merchandise. This is one of the 
 best stores in the county, and the annual business will compare well 
 
 with much larger firms. Pratt, general stock; Cox & Coleman, 
 
 general merchandise; F. M. Shipley, groceries; Jacob Crew, groceries; 
 Burrows & McKiddy, hardware; James H. Bishop, hardware; Joseph 
 Green, dealer in fm-niture; John Balls, livery barn; James H. Cham- 
 bers, hotel; Twiliger & Co., blacksmiths and wagon-makers; Mrs. 
 Joseph Kilburn, milliner. 
 
 The first postmaster of the town was W. J. Prater, since the expir- 
 ation of whose term of service the office has been filled by the follow- 
 ing gentlemen: H. O. Bryant, John Myers, O. Shoemaker, George 
 Fisher, and the present incumbent, Joseph Sallee. 
 
 Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 332, A. F. & A. M. , was organized 
 in the year 1868 with about eight members. The first ofiicers were 
 A. T. Shaffer, W. M. ; W. J. Prater, S. W. ; Conrad Mooter, J. W. ; 
 A. G. Hale, Tyler; Joseph Webb, Treas. ; T. B. Walker, Sec. ; Wes- 
 ley Cardiff and J. Green, Deacons. The organization was kept 
 up for a period of five or six years, but owing to deaths and removals 
 the charter was surrendered at the end of that time. 
 
 Odd Fellowship is represented in the village by Mount Moriah 
 Lodge, No. 269, instituted about the year 1870. The membership at 
 this time is quite small, the records showing the names of only twelve 
 belonging. The elective officers are D. J. Cumming, N. G. ; H. S. 
 Wilkinson, V. G. ; J. D. Eoberts, Sec. ; and O. J. Shoemaker, Treas. 
 
 Bradshaw Post, No. 201, Grand Army of the Republic, was estab- 
 lished in September, 1885. The organization has enjoyed great pros- 
 perity, and now numbers over sixty-five members. The officers for 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 373 
 
 1887 were as follows: D. J. Gumming, Com.; G. W. Allen, S. V. C. ; 
 William Dodd, J. V. C. ; O. J. Shoemaker, adjt. ; A. T. ShafPer, 
 O. D. ; Joseph T. Milner, O. G. ; John Ball, S. M. ; John Misner, Q. 
 M. S. ; L. B. Blount, Sent. 
 
 Ridgeivay is a thriving town of about 400 inhabitants, situated twelve 
 miles northeast of Bethany on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad, of which it is an outgrowth. The land upon which the vil- 
 lage stands was purchased about 1880, by C. C. Perkins, an official of 
 the road, who in June of the same year secured the services of A. B. 
 Smith, county engineer, and had the same laid off into lots. The site 
 occupies part of Sections 3 and 4, Township 64, and Sections 33 and 
 34, Township 65, Range 27, and includes thirty-two blocks traversed 
 by the following streets: Maple, Locust, Walnut, Vine, Cedar, Pine, 
 Spruce and Poplar, running east and west, and Main. First, Second 
 and Third, north and south. Soon after the completion of the road 
 the village became a good shipping point for grain and live stock, and 
 within a short time after the station was located several biisiness 
 men purchased and improved a number of lots. The first building 
 in the village was a small frame structure erected on Main Street for 
 the purpose of a meat market, and its first stock of goods was brought 
 to the place by S. D. Rardan, who is still identified with the business 
 interests of the town. Stanley & Co. engaged in merchandising soon 
 after the village was surveyed, as did also M. Bennett, W. J. Cole- 
 man, J. H. Ray, J. B. Eads, J. T. Dixon and others. Additional to 
 the foregoing, the following men and firms sold goods from time to 
 time: J. Stanley & Son, G. W. Brewer, Fowler & Son, Coombs & 
 Cole, J. H. Goodwin, Ray & Pritchard, Carmen & Masden, J. A. 
 Nelson, Milligan & Stanley, Hubbell and Richardson, Gillidett & 
 Co., and J. R. Maxwell. 
 
 The first hotel, Central House, was opened in 1880 by Mrs. Drug, 
 and the City Hotel was erected the following fall by William Earl. 
 
 The town was incorporated in August, 1881, with the following 
 municipal ofiicers: Richard Hay worth, O. D. Wilcox, John E. Opdyke, 
 Frank M. Monroe and James S. Hayes, trustees; George T. Kirk, 
 clerk; John S. Rarden, marshal and street commissioner, and A. J. 
 Milligan, collector. The officers at this time are the following: Board 
 of trustees, M. Burris, J. C. Baker, David Elliott, M. Bennett and 
 George Dunbill. George T. Kirk is clerk and assessor, E. T. Waddi- 
 love, marshal, street commissioner and assessor, and W. A. Miner, 
 treasurer. 
 
 The first postmaster was A. B. Barnes, and A. J. Hem-y was the 
 
374 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 first station agent. W. E. Yeoder, W. C. Elder, and M. £>. Sbam- 
 blin have held the latter position at difFerent times, the last named 
 having charge of the railroad office at the present time. The present 
 postmaster is S. D. Rardin. The physicians who have practiced their 
 profession in the village from time to time have been the following: 
 ■C. W. Robertson, A. Williams, A. B. Barnes, Dr. Burgin, A. A. Col- 
 lier, S. B. Guild and Charles Conway. 
 
 Ridgeway District Fair Association was organized in the fall of 
 1882. It was chartered with 501 shares and 100 members, and was 
 established for the purpose of promoting an interest in agriculture, 
 and stimulating the stock interests of the neighborhood and county. 
 The first officers were H. S. Burgin, president; James M. Hughes, 
 treasurer; George W. Brewer, secretary, and J. W. Reaksecker, super- 
 intendent. A forty-acre tract of ground one and three-quarters 
 miles south of the village was purchased, and fhe necessary improve- 
 ments erected thereon in the summer of 1882. These consist of a 
 fine half-mile race track, several wells, a large pond, a floral hall 
 36x80 feet, a large booth 24x80 feet, and 117 stalls for the accom- 
 modation of stock entered for exhibition. The fij'st fair was held on 
 the 9th of October, lS82, and continued very successfully for four 
 days. A fine lot of well bred live stock was on exhibition, and the 
 display of agricultiu-al and mechanical industries would have done 
 credit to a much more pretentious association. Fairs have been held 
 every year since the organization went into effect, and the interest in 
 the association continues to increase. The association was reorganized 
 in May, 1880, and the number of stockholders reduced to fifteen. The 
 officers last elected were as follows: H. J. Herring, president; J. L. 
 Kelsey, vice-president; T. J. Freeman, treasurer, C. ^V. Robertson, 
 secretary, and J. C. Baker, marshal; J. L. Kelsey, E. Munson, T. J. 
 Freeman, D. H. Burgin and C. W. Robertson, executive committee. 
 The directors are J. L. Kelsey, E. O. NefF, H. J. Herring and J. H. 
 Burgin. 
 
 Ridgeway Lodge, No. 877, 1. O. O. F., was instituted October 1, 
 1881, b}' Henry Cadle, D. D. G. M. , with a membership of about 
 twenty-five, the majority of whom had formerly belonged to Lorraine 
 Lodge. A charter was granted May 19, 1882, under which the fol- 
 lowing officers were elected : T. Hasty, N. G. ; George Kirk, Sec. ; C. 
 F. Fransham, Permanent Sec; J. V. Mills, V. G. ; and O. D. 'Wil- 
 cox, Treas. February 16, 1887, the membership of Eagleville Lodge, 
 No. 166, was transferred to Ridgeway, since which time the organi- 
 zation has continued to grow in numbers and influence. The present 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 375 
 
 membership is twenty-six. The officers are J. M. Peasley, N. G. ; 
 M. D. Shamblin, V. G. ; George T. Kirk, Sec. ; Jos. Yeater, Treas. ; 
 Charles F. Fransham, Lodge Deputy. 
 
 Elwell Post, No. 140, G. A. R., was established on the 22d 
 of January, 1884, with the following members : James T. Anderson, 
 George W. Brewer, John S. Rarden, Frank Manore, L. M. Sellers, 
 Eli Johnson, "\V. "W. Stevens, Elia A. Cook, J. C. Hatton, Robert H. 
 Drake, J. T. Hendren, James H. Goodwin, George W. Grant, 
 Charles Fransham, Thomas P. Tharp, William Wilson, John E. 
 Opdyke, Abraham Rake, William R. Parker, David Elliott, Abel B. 
 Barnes, James Rake, William M. Stanley, John I. Israel, Thomas S. 
 Stoner, Fred Gardner, Jefferson Sevier, Pleasant Case, William Dale, 
 J. C. Behee, William H. Smith, Pleasant Wishon, Thomas E. Cole 
 and Albert Reeves. J. E. Opdyke was First Commander, and L. M. 
 Sellers First Senior Vice-Commander. Officers for 1887: J. T. 
 Anderson, Com. ; J. V. Miller, S. V. C. ; William Dale, J. V. C. ; J. C. 
 Baker, Q. M. ; Eli Johnson, Adjt. ; Pleasant Case, Chap. ; David 
 Elliott, Q. M. S. ; Jasper Hatton, O. D. ; William Case, O. G. 
 The present membership is twenty-five ; not so strong as formerly. 
 
 Present Business of Ridgeivay. — Coleman & Son, general stock; 
 J. C. Baker, general stock; J. D. Onstadt, general merchandise; S. 
 D. Rardin, general store; J. H. Goodwin, groceries; W. J. Coleman, 
 Jr., groceries and hardware; Briggs & Reeves, hardware and harness; 
 Jacob Redding, furniture and undertaker; A. P. Fowler, groceries 
 and drugs; C. W. Robertson, drugs; John McKern, meat market; T. 
 B. Chamberlain, confectionery; George Dunbill, restaurant and con- 
 fectionery; Lizzie Wymore, millinery; H. Bennett, barber; Peasley 
 & Heizer, wagon and carriage makers and blacksmiths; F. M. Hoyl- 
 man, blacksmith; W. J. Prater, hotel. Central House; G. W. Max- 
 well, livery stable; Miner & Frees, lumber yard; George T. Kirk, 
 notary public and insurance agent; J. T. Anderson, notary public and 
 justice of the peace; Mrs. C. W. Barnes, dressmaker; C. F. Fran- 
 sham, dealer in live stock; J. C. Baker, stock dealer; Popp Brothers, 
 painters; Fred Gardner and J. Redinger, carpenters, and W. Scott, 
 shoemaker. Messrs. Opdyke & Campbell, in 1884, erected a steam 
 mill for the manufacture of corn meal and chopped feed, and in 1885 
 "William Matson built a large elevator, and engaged in the grain trade, 
 which he still carries on. Messrs. Miner & Frees engaged in the 
 banking business in 1884, and at this time have one of the most sue 
 cessful banks in Harrison County. 
 
 There are two churches in the town — Methodist and Christian, 
 appropriate sketches of which will be found on another page. 
 
376 HISTOKY OF HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 Blythedale. — This is also a railroad town, situated in the northern 
 part of the coiintv, and dates its history from June, 1880. The land 
 was originally owned by W. J. Nevill, and was purchased from him 
 by an agent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Company for the 
 purpose of establishing a station and starting a town. The town 
 plat containing fifty-three and a half acres in Sections 34 and 35, 
 Township 66, Range 27, was surveyed by A. B. Smith for C. E. 
 Perkins, and shows seventeen blocks and the following streets: 
 Main, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, 
 Broadway, Elm, Maple and Walnut, the last four running north 
 and south and the other east and west. James Clark purchased a 
 lot soon after the town was laid off, and, building a hoiase, engaged in 
 the mercantile business, which he carried on for some time, subse- 
 quently closing out and purchasing a stock of saddlery and harness. 
 Aaron Saunders, in the fall of 1880, erected a hotel in the south part 
 of town, which he opened under the name of the Blythedale House. 
 After continuing the business two or three years he sold out to Joseph 
 Carter, who subsequently enlarged the building and added other 
 improvements, until it is now considered one of the best places of 
 entertainment in the county. 
 
 The Elwood House was erected in 1881 or 1882 on the south side of 
 the square by John Keeves, who, after running it a short time rented 
 the building to Kemp Vorhis. It is not used for hotel purposes at 
 this time. The Young Brothers, |J. H. Miller and George M. Norris 
 opened general stores shortly after the village was founded, and the 
 fii'm of A^'ickersham, Woodward & Co. engaged in the drug business 
 about the same time. Kirby & Young were in the drug business for 
 some time, and saloons were started before the village was many years 
 old by Wood & Bronson and Charles Lynch. Mr. Yonke and War- 
 ren Graham were the first blacksmiths, and William Henry was the 
 first railroad agent. 
 
 A postoffice was established soon after the town was started with 
 W. J. Nevill as postmaster. In August, 1886, J. F. Zimmerman 
 began the manufacture of Zimmerman's patent automatic trunk, and 
 continued the business for one year. 
 
 Blythedale is admirably situated for a shipping and trading point, 
 the beautiful prairie country immediately surrounding being one of 
 the best agricultiu-al and stock regions of Harrison County. The vil- 
 lage has a population of about 250 or 300, and compares favorably 
 with other towns of the county in the extent of its trade and the 
 energy displayed by its business men. There are two good chui'ch 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 377 
 
 buildings, to wit: Presbyterian and Baptist, and the general appear- 
 ance of the town bespeaks the presence of an intelligent and progres- 
 sive class of citizens. The business of the village is represented at 
 this time as follows: Young Brothers, large dry goods and general 
 store; R. H. Grinstead, general store; Monroe Davis, hardware; 
 Sherman Henry, groceries; Mr. Taylor, general stock; Mrs. Philip 
 Young, mUlinery; Coon & Beeves, mill; A. Dennis and E. O. Baker, 
 blacksmiths; Young Bros., lumber yard; William Walton, railroad 
 agent. 
 
 There is an organization of the Grand Army in the town, Wil- 
 son Stanley Post, No. 208. It was chartered September 22, 1884, 
 with the following members: James Clark, C. J. White, Elzu- 
 mer Scott, R. H. Grinstead, John Barber, Preston Sharp, Josiah 
 Smith, Robert O. Baker, Charles Whittaker, Milton Israel, Charles 
 Bender, Enoch Jones, C. M. Day, Thomas P. Brown, William Stew- 
 art, John G. Reed, T. J. Carson and John H. Poynter. The Urst 
 Commander was Preston Sharp. Present officers : John Barber, C. ; 
 Pleasant Wishon, S. V. C. ; Alfred Hunt, J. V. C. ; E. T. Leach, Q. 
 M. ; James B. Officer, Adjt. ; Jonah Smith, O. G. ; E. L. Scott, O. 
 D., and Preston Sharp, Surgeon. Present membership, 35. 
 
 Martinsville, a small hamlet about ten miles northeast of Beth- 
 any, in the central part of Dallas Township, was located in 1856 by 
 one Willis Loy, who the following year had a plat of sixteen lots sur- 
 veyed and recorded under the name of Middletown. Loy opened a small 
 general store, and for some years carried on a faii-ly successful trade. 
 James Reynolds started a blacksmith shop in 1856, and a little later 
 Lewis Allen engaged in the mercantile business. There have been 
 several parties in the goods business fi'om time to time, besides a 
 number of mechanics representing different trades and occupations. 
 The town early became a good local trading point, but its business 
 was never very extensive. In March, 1872, the village was resur- 
 veyed for Ed. Baldwin, W. W. Jesse, W. B. Primer, W. S. Rueker, 
 W. P. Bishop, George W. House and Solon Butler, proprietors, and 
 named Martinsville. This was to distinguish it fi-om an older village by 
 the name of Middletown somewhere in Missouri. The town site is 
 situated on the east half of the southeast quarter of the northwest quar- 
 ter of Section 21, Township 64, Range 29, and eight blocks subdivided 
 into seventy-five lots. The streets are Commercial, Chestnut, Felix, 
 Main, West and Second. 
 
 The Masonic and Good Templar fraternities had flourishing 
 lodges in the village at one time, and in 1870 the Christian denomina- 
 
378 HISTOKY OF HABEISON COUNTY. 
 
 tion organized a church a short distance from the town. The Meth- 
 odists and Presbyterians have a substantial house of worship in the 
 town, and both denominations maintain well-organized societies. The 
 first physician in the place was Dr. F. M. Winningham. Drs. A. P. 
 Henderson, T. B. Ellis and J. K. Kidney practiced the healing art in 
 the town at difFerent times. The present physician is Dr. W. L. 
 Kucker. The following is a register of the present business of Mar- 
 tinsville: Taylor & Teener, general store; R. T. Anthony, general 
 store; C. W. Baker, drugs; Oscar Lenier and T. W. Patterson, black- 
 smiths; J. I. Solomon, wood workman; M. C. Matinger, dealer in 
 furniture; C. Hughes, proprietor of the Martinsville House. Popula- 
 tion of the village is about 200. 
 
 Lorraine. — As stated in a previous chapter, the present location 
 of the seat of justice caused much dissatisfaction among the citizens 
 of Northern Harrison, and several attempts were made to effect a 
 removal of the same to a point nearer the geographical center of the 
 county. With this object in view a number of citizens of Grant, Jef- 
 ferson, Union and Marion Townships organized a town board, and 
 securing the services of the county engineer located in May, 1874, a 
 town about ten miles northeast of Bethany, to which they gave the 
 name of Lorraine, expecting it to become the future county seat. The 
 many advantages of the situation commended it to the people, and a 
 strong effort was made to effect the removal, but without success. 
 The history of the contest being fully given elsewhere, it need only 
 be mentioned incidentally in this connection. 
 
 The village of Lorraine was laid out upon land donated by Jonah 
 Brunton, and is situated on the southeast quarter of the northwest 
 quarter of Section 12, Township 64, Eange 28. The survey was 
 made on the 26th and 27th days of May, of the above year, by Alexan- 
 der McCollum, assisted by F. N. Burgin, T. J. Freeman, Hamilton 
 Blackburn, John Blackburn, John Rakestraw, Solomon Wear, Henry 
 Bui'gin and James Hopkins, and the j)lat as recorded shows eight 
 blocks, seventy-five lots and seven streets, three of which, Main, Second 
 and West, run north and south, and the other four, to-wit : Commercial, 
 Chestnut, South and Felix, north and south. Block 4 was reserved 
 for the county buildings, and a part of Block 8 was donated for 
 church purposes. 
 
 The site occupies the crest of a beautiful elevation, and the sur- 
 rounding country is justly considered one of the finest portions of 
 Harrison County. Starting out upon its career under the most aus- 
 picious circumstances, the village soon attracted business men, me- 
 
 I 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 379 
 
 chanics and others, and within a comparatively short time quite a 
 number of lots were sold and improved. The possibility of its becom- 
 ing the seat of justice doubtless had a tendency to induce invest- 
 ments, while its central location and advantages as a trading point 
 were not the least 6t its attractions to those who first sought the town 
 as a place in which to engage in business. About the time the town 
 was located Elisha Puett erected a store building, and began dealing 
 in merchandise, which he carried on for a period of a little over two 
 years. He disposed of his stock in 1876 to Z. T. Rose and brother, 
 a firm which lasted but a short time, Z. T. Rose finally purchasing the 
 entire interest. A little later Mr. Rose effected a copartnership with 
 G. H. Thomas, and under the firm name of Rose & Thomas they 
 carrie d on a large business for about six and a half years, selling nearly 
 as many goods in the meantime as any other store in the county. 
 George Flint engaged in biisiness about 1874 or 1875, and about the 
 same time, or perhaps a little later, Amos Poynter opened a general 
 store, which was subsequently purchased by M. Bennett. Mr. Bennett, 
 after cariying the trade for a short time, effected a partnership with 
 his son under the firm name of Bennett & Son, which lasted until 
 their removal to Ridgeway, soon after the latter village was founded. 
 Additional to the foregoing, the following men and firms carried on 
 the general goods trade in the village at difPerent times: J. A. 
 Britton, Burgin, Matthews & Co., Miller & Bain, Bain & Son, Geo. 
 W. Stobaugh, Mitchell Brothers, Bennett & King, Thomas E. S. 
 Dx)ss and John I. Smith, the last named being in business at 
 the present time. The di'ug trade was represented at difPerent 
 times by the following men: McDougall & Winn, Trotter & Barnes, 
 John Kearns and James Boyd. The first hardware store was 
 kept by Hugh Van Hoosier, and the first hotel was erected in 1877, 
 by William Frazee, who invested considerable capital in the building, 
 which was a large two-story frame structure. It was subsequently 
 kept by Jonas Drug, who acted in the capacity for a short time. An- 
 other hotel was opened by one Thomas Tindall, whose business does 
 not appear to have been very remunerative. Among the early mechan- 
 ics of the town are remembered Alexander Milligan and John Mil- 
 ler, blacksmiths, M. BuitIs and O. D. Wilcox, wagon-makers. About 
 the year 1876 Messrs. Miller, Maltby & Thomas erected a large steam 
 flouring and saw mill, which was operated until its removal to Ridge- 
 way, several years later. The miller in charge while it remained in 
 Lorraine was Robert C. Neal. 
 
 The physicians of the jslace were Drs. F. M. Winningham and 
 
380 HISTORY OF HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 F. N. Burgin, the latter one of the chief movers in locating the vil- 
 lage and promoting its interests. 
 
 Lorraine Lodge, No. 128, A. F. & A. M. , was organized a number 
 of years ago, and maintained until 1885, at which time it was trans- 
 ferred to Washington Center, and in November, 1886, to Eidgeway. 
 The present membership is twenty-seven. The officers are G. B. Jef- 
 fries, W. M. ; S. G. Wright, S. W. ; William Shumard, J. W. ; T. T. 
 Weir, S. D. ; Dr. K. Travis, J. D. ; C. T. Fransham, Sec. ; Keuben 
 Gray, Treas., and Thomas Doss, Tyler. 
 
 Lorraine Lodge, No. 377, I. O. O. F. , was instituted November 12, 
 by Eev. H. J. Latour, D. D. G. M. , with the following charter mem- 
 bers: Thomas Tindall, Absalom Blakeman, Lewis F. Kincaid, Thomas 
 J. Trotter, Matthew L. Beeks and Leander L. Long. The lodge was 
 kept up in Lorraine until October, 1881, at which time it was consoli- 
 dated with the lodge at Ridgeway. 
 
 Failure to secure the county seat had a depressing effect upon the 
 prospects of Lorraine, and the completion of the Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy Railroad through the county a few years later, proved a 
 death-blow to its future. Ridgeway, an outgrowth of the road, sprang 
 up a few miles distant, and to the latter place the business men 
 subsequently moved their buildings and goods, leaving the once 
 ambitious contestant for county-seat honors in loneliness and desola- 
 tion. Nearly all the houses have been torn down and removed, lots 
 have been purchased by neighboring farmers, and the time is not far 
 distant when the flourishing village of Lorraine will live only as a 
 thing of memory. 
 
 Blue Ridge, a small hamlet of a few dozen inhabitants, situated in 
 the northern part of Adams Township, was laid off into town lots in 
 September, 1887, by Benjamin F. Archer, proprietor. The village is 
 situated at the southwest quarter of Section 3, Township 62, Range 27, 
 and includes eighteen lots and two streets. There has been a post- 
 office in the neighborhood for a number of years, also a store, which 
 early gave the place the reputation of a good local trading point. Since 
 about the year 1856 the United Brethren have maintained a religious 
 organization, known as the Blue Ridge Church. 
 
 Brooklyn, originally known as Snell's Mill, or Snellville, is situated 
 about nine miles north of Bethany, in Union Township, and dates its 
 history from the 23d of March, 1854. It took its name from a mill 
 erected by Mr. Snell, on Big Creek, some time in the fifties, and early 
 became a local trading point of considerable importance. September 
 10, 1865, the plat was resurveyed and recorded as Brooklyn, by which 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 381 
 
 name the village has since been known. At this time the business of 
 the place is represented by one small store, a blacksmith shop and 
 postoffice. The population is about 200. 
 
 Neiv Hampton. — This town was located in December, 1869, by L. 
 W. H. Cox, and named by him Hamptonville. It is situated in Sec- 
 tion 17, White Oak Township, about one mile fi'om the Gentry County 
 line, and as originally surveyed consisted of fifteen blocks, ninety-five 
 lots, and nine streets, to wit: Harrison, Lincoln, Grant, Colfax, Wal- 
 nut, Elm, Market, Arch and Eace. 
 
 The first enterprise of the place was a saw mill erected about the 
 year 1869 or 1870, by Joshua Low and Isaac Arthurs. The Dillon Bros, 
 started a general store about the same time, and continued in the goods 
 business for a period of two years. M. Cochrane purchased a lot, 
 erected a business house and dwelling, and from 1871 until 1882 
 was engaged in the mercantile trade. Messrs. Kelley & Smith were 
 early merchants also, and were identified with the business interests 
 of the place about three years. Isaac McCan and John Henry were 
 the first mechanics, and the first physician was Dr. Neal. 
 
 Until the projection of the railroad through the county, Hampton- 
 ville was but an insignificant hamlet, but after the survey of the road 
 had been made the village awoke to greater possibilities. The railroad 
 company purchased the town site in 1880, resurveyed the same under 
 the name of New Hampton, after which various buildings in the village 
 were moved and rearranged to harmonize with the new order of things. 
 A station was established, and being surrounded by a fine region of 
 country the town soon became noted as an advantageous point for 
 the shipment of grain and live stock. The mercantile business 
 took a new life, and within a comparatively short time several good 
 stores were opened and in successful operation. Among the mer- 
 chants from time to time were the following: Carson & Bro. , Jacob 
 Anslyne, John C. Stoner, Cahn Bros., William Yocum and Dr. Neal. 
 
 The Wagoner Bros, began the manufacture of harrows in 1883, 
 and continued the business with fair success until 1885. The first 
 postmaster was L. W. H. Cox, since the expiration of whose term of 
 service the following men have held the position: M. Cochrane, A. 
 X. Henshaw and Elisha Brace. The first railroad agent was A. X. 
 Henshaw ; the agent at this time is Mr. Shearer. 
 
 The following medical men have practiced the healing art in the 
 village : Drs. Neal, Brown, Boham, and the present physicians, A. W. 
 Willey and M. H. Eades. 
 
 New Hampton was incorporated in 1882. The town officers at 
 
382 HISTOBY OF HABKISON COUNTY. 
 
 this time (1887) are as follows: William Yocum, Albert L. Funk, M. 
 Cochrane and E. S. Miner, trustees; William Yocum, marshal; 
 Albert McMillen, clerk, assessor and treasurer. 
 
 Present Business. — I. N. Carson, general merchant; M. H. Eades, 
 general stock and drugs; McMillen Bros., general stock; Elisha 
 Brace, hardware; Mrs. Yocum, millinery; John Lyon, buyer and 
 shipper of poultry; Miner & Freese, lumber yard; Reuben D . Hall, 
 blacksmith and wagon-maker; William Pool & Son, blacksmiths; 
 Carson House, kept by I. N. Carson; Willey House, kept by A. W. 
 Willey. 
 
 Tornado. — On the 13th of July, 1883, New Hampton was visited 
 by a destructive tornado, which did great damage to the town and 
 surrounding country. Indeed the storm was not confined to any one 
 locality, but blew over various parts of the county, leaving the wrecks 
 of fences and buildings in its track. New Hampton suffered more, 
 perhaps, than any other place, and the storm will long be remembered 
 as the town's greatest calamity. 
 
 Andover, a small village in the northeast corner of Colfax Town - 
 ship, about one mile from the Iowa State line, was originally laid out 
 by Henry Harrison, county surveyor, for Henry Doebbling and James 
 Officer. The survey was made in June, 1871. The place was resur- 
 veyed in June, 1880, for C. E. Perkins, agent of the Chicago , Bur- 
 lington & Quincy Railroad, and named New Andover. It has never 
 been noted as a village of any importance, being merely a station and 
 shipping point on the railroad. There are at this time one general 
 store kept by Frisby & Pullard, and a hardware store by D. L. Fra- 
 zier. John Turk deals in agricultural implements, and MiramHas- 
 kins operates a blacksmith shop. Population is about sixty. 
 
 Gardner. — The plat of Gardner was surveyed in June, 1880, for 
 C. E. Perkins, and is situated on a part of the southeast quarter of 
 Section 30, Township 64, Range 27. It consists of five blocks, eighty- 
 nine lots and six streets, but has an existence only on paper, no im- 
 provements except a depot having been erected in the place. The 
 station is abovit six miles northeast of Bethany, in the western part of 
 Grant Township. 
 
 Ak)^on was laid out on the northeast quarter of the southeast 
 quarter of Section 15, Clay Township, May 31, 1858, by John Fisher. 
 At one time there was a store and a blacksmith shop, but at present 
 the place is known only as a postoffice. 
 
 Jacksonville, a prosperous town in Section 36, Sherman Town- 
 ship, was surveyed in November, 1885, for E. J. Bondurant, proprie- 
 
STATE OP MISSOUEI. 
 
 383 
 
 tor. The plat consisted of sixty lots and a public square, but few of 
 whicli were ever sold, and none improved. 
 
 Mitchellville, about five miles southwest of Bethany, on the 
 line between Bethany and Cypress Township, was laid out in 1858, 
 but never became a place of any importance. A postoffice was estab- 
 lished a number of years ago, and at one time there was a small store 
 and blacksmith shop. 
 
 Bolton is a small trading point and postoffice in Section 28, Fox 
 Creek Township. 
 
 Pleasant Ridge and Bridgeport are small hamlets in Cypress 
 Township. 
 
History of Mercer County, 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Boundary, Topography and Soil. — Mercer County lies on the 
 northern border of the State. It is bounded on the north by Iowa, 
 on the east by the counties of Putnam and Sullivan, on the 
 south by Grundy, and on the west by Harrison. In shape it is 
 nearly square, being twenty-one miles east and west by twenty- 
 one and one-fourth miles north and south. Its area is about 445 
 square miles. Its surface consists of a series of nearly parallel 
 ridges and depressions trending north and south. The principal 
 stream in the county is East or Weldon's Fork of Grand River, which 
 enters the county from the north on the line between the townships of 
 Lindley and Marion, and with many curves flows in a southerly direction, 
 dividing the county into two nearly equal parts. On Section 27, 
 Township 66, Range 24, it is joined by Little River, which enters 
 Lindley Township about two miles from its western boundary, runs 
 due east about four miles, thence eastwardly to the confluence with 
 East Fork. The most easterly stream in the county is West Medicine 
 Creek, which rises in the extreme northern part of Somerset Township, 
 and flows almost due south. To the west of this stream is East Honey 
 Creek, which takes its rise near the town of Ravanna, and flows south to 
 the county line. Between East Honey Creek and West Medicine is 
 a small creek called No Creek, which flows through the town of Half 
 Rock. Honey Creek rises in Ravanna Township, and flows south into 
 Grundy County. East Muddy Creek rises in Iowa, and enters the county 
 in two branches, which unite on the line between Marion and Somerset 
 Townships. It then flows in a slightly southwest course through the 
 county, converging to meet East Fork. West Muddy Creek has its 
 source in Harrison Township, and flows south to join East Fork, in 
 Grundy County. Martin Creek, to the west of West Muddy, is a small 
 stream which rises in Harrison Township, flows south through Madi- 
 son Township, and joins West Fork of Grand River near the corner 
 of the countv. Sandv Creek rises in the south part of Lindley Town- 
 
386 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 ship, nins south into Madison, and thence west to West Fork. Brush 
 Creek and Coles Creek are also tributaries of West Fork from this 
 county. The last mentioned stream touches the county at three dif- 
 ferent places, but does not enter it for any considerable distance. 
 These streams are bounded on each side by a belt of timber. The 
 divides are mostly prairie. 
 
 The soil of this county is generally very fertile. That of the 
 prairies is mostly a deep black loam, having a clay subsoil. The tim- 
 ber lands are for the most part clay, with some admixture of gi-avel. 
 There are also considerable tracts known as elm lands. Much of the 
 soil of the county is underlaid with a strata of limestone, which fur- 
 nishes an ample supply of the best building material. 
 
 When first occupied the prairies were covered with the wild grasses 
 usually found upon them, but since they have been brought under 
 cultivation and pasturage those grasses have been superseded by blue- 
 grass, which grows and flourishes as though it were indigenous to this 
 soil. Indeed, this section rivals the famous blue-grass region of 
 Kentucky, and no finer grazing country can be found in the world. 
 
 Timber, Fruits, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, etc. — The tim- 
 ber which, as before stated, lines the banks of the streams, consists 
 of elm, oak, hickory, ash and beech, the oak predominating. Dur- 
 ing the past few years, large quantities of railroad ties and bridge 
 timbers have been cut, and should the present rate of consumption 
 continue a few years longer, the timber lands will be entirely denuded 
 of their valuable growth. Wood is largely used for fuel, and during 
 1879 there were cut and consumed about 40,000 cords. 
 
 The principal agricultural productions are Indian corn, oats, 
 wheat and hay. The acreage and production of these crops in 1879 
 were as follows: Indian corn, 54,670 acres, and 1,761,648 bushels; 
 oats, 13,211 acres, and 380,329 bushels; wheat, 6,885 acres, and 82, 653 
 bushels; and hay, 25,264 acres, and 25,502 tons. During the same 
 year there were also produced 29,779 pounds of tobacco, 53,127 bush- 
 els of Irish potatoes and 65, 111 gallons of sorghum molasses. The 
 raising of tobacco as a crop is quite rare in Mercer County, neither 
 the season nor the soil being well adapted to it. Ii'ish potatoes yield 
 abundantly, but are little raised except for home consumption. 
 
 Of fruits, the apple, perhaps, attains the greatest perfection, but 
 pears, cherries, quinces and small fruits are grown without difliculty. 
 The peach is not hardy enough to withstand the extreme cold winters. 
 That fruit-growing as a business can be made a success in this sec- 
 tion has been demonstrated. A large nursery and fi-uit farm was 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 387 
 
 established about twenty years ago by H. R. and S. M. Wayman. It 
 is situated three and one-half miles north of Princeton, and now 
 comprises 3-46 acres, upon which are 150,000 apple trees, from one to 
 fovu- years old, 1,500 pear trees, 1,000 peach trees, 500 cherry trees, 
 1,000 grape vines, 400 plum trees and an assortment of small fruits. 
 There are also forty-five acres of bearing orchard, and twenty-five 
 acres more of growing trees. The first car load of apples that ever 
 left the county was shipped by S. M. Wayman, in 1885. In 1883 
 $1,000 worth of apples were sold from eight acres of orchard. 
 In 1887 3,000 bushels of apples were shipped from these orchards. 
 
 The county is especially well adapted to the raising of live stock, 
 and constantly increased attention is given to that industry. The follow- 
 ing statistics are frorh the census of 1880: On January 1, of that 
 year, there were in the county 7, 839 horses, 700 mules, 6, 937 cows, 
 16,620 other cattle, 19,130 sheep and 41,685 swine. During the pre- 
 ceding year there were produced 92,112 pounds of wool, and 383,629 
 pounds of Ijutter. 
 
 The following additional statistics will furnish some idea of the 
 condition of the agricultural interests of the county in 1880: There 
 were then 2,148 farms, embracing an area of 255,526 acres, of which 
 117,204 were tilled, and 49,056 in orchard and permanent pasture. 
 The unimproved land embraced an area of 89, 266 acres, of which 74, - 
 650 were in woods. The aggregate value of the farms was placed at 
 $2,853,265, the value of live stock at 1997,961, and of all the farm 
 products for the year at $736, 199. 
 
 EEA OF SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Circumstances of the Settlement. — The permanent settlement of 
 Mercer County was not begun until 1837, and a considerable por- 
 tion of it remained almost entirely unoccupied for nearly twenty 
 years after that date. The settlements began in the south, and 
 gradually extended northward along the streams. Nearly all of the 
 first settlers had been accustomed to hills and forests in their native 
 State, and it was with the greatest reluctance that they located upon 
 the prairie lands. The settlement of Mercer, like other border 
 counties, was not rapid, owing to its position. Emigrants from 
 the free States of the East rarely settled in Missouri because it was 
 a slave State. They preferred to locate in Iowa, or the Territo- 
 ries beyond. On the other hand, those who came from the Southern 
 States with their slaves did not care to place them in a position so 
 favorable for their escape, and this prejudice against the border coun- 
 
"388 HISTORY OF MERCEK COUNTY. 
 
 ties extended even to those who owned no slaves, and whose poverty 
 precluded the possibility of their becoming possessed of such properfy. 
 The first settlers were mainly from Virginia, North Carolina, Ten- 
 nessee and Kentucky, many of whom had spent one or more years in 
 some of the older counties in Missouri. 
 
 For the first few years the pioneers lived a life of extreme simplic- 
 ity, without either the cares or comforts of modern civilization. Money 
 was very scarce, and except in the purchase of Government land was lit- 
 tle used. The principal trade of the country consisted in the exchange 
 of produce for a few household necessities and powder and shot. The 
 nearest market was Brunswick, on the Missouri Eiver, some seventy- 
 five miles distant, and country produce taken there did not sell for 
 enough to pay for the hauling. Clothing, furnitiu-e and nearly every 
 article of domestic utility were manufactured at home from raw ma- 
 terial also produced upon the farm. 
 
 So far as a circulating medium was required, the demand was sup- 
 plied by wolf scalps and beeswax. A bounty was paid by the county 
 for the former, which made it good for the amount of the reward, and 
 being small and pliable it was not inconvenient to handle. So valu- 
 able did this commodity become, that the killing of a she wolf was 
 looked upon by the hunters as a misfortune, since her annual brood 
 of whelps was thus lost. 
 
 The dwellings of the pioneers were usually rude log structures, 
 with little furniture, and void of decoration, but they were comfortable, 
 and their inmates were contented and happy. 
 
 As stated above, the permanent settlement of Mercer County was 
 begun in 1837, but one or two settlements of a temporary character 
 had been made prior to that time. One of them was made by a family, 
 who fifty years ago became notorious as the originators of what was 
 termed the " Heatherly War," an account of which forms one of the 
 most interesting chapters in the early history of the Upper Grand 
 River country. The facts contained in the following account of this 
 episode were verified by Samuel Loe, the only man now living in the 
 county who participated in the so-called war. * He was then a resident 
 of Livingston County, and a member of Capt. Pollard's company of 
 militia. 
 
 The Heatherly War. — In the year 1831 a family named Heath- ; 
 
 erly came to Missouri from Kentucky, and settled on Grand m 
 
 River near the present site of the city of Chillicothe. This fam- 
 ily was composed of the following members: George Heatherly, 
 
 •The above account of the "Heatherly War" is substantially as written by a prominent historian 
 of the State. 
 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 389 
 
 St., the father; Jenny Heatherly, the mother; John, Alfred, James, 
 and Greorge Heatherly, Jr., the four sons, and Ann Heatherly, 
 the daughter. At the time of their settlement in Missouri, George 
 Heatherly and his wife were nearly sixty years of age, and their 
 children were grown. The daughter, Ann, the youngest child was 
 about sixteen. The antecedents of the family were bad. In Kentucky 
 old George Heatherly was known to be a thief, while Mrs. Heath- 
 erly was said to have been the wife of the notorious murderer, Little 
 Harpe, who, with the Big Harpe, was a terror to the people of Ken- 
 tucky and Tennessee, for a number of years, nearly a century ago. 
 The family were thoroiighly bad, but for a time after their first set- 
 tlement in Missouri, to all outward appearances they led a fairly rep- 
 utable life. Not much is known of them during the time they lived 
 on Grand River. The country was new and almost unbroken, and 
 they had few neighbors. It was noted, however, that the men were 
 nearly always away from home, that they were unsociable, and, unlike 
 the majority of pioneers, were exclusive, and disposed to be unfriendly. 
 But in a few years settlers came to the rich Upi^er Grand River 
 country in considerable numbers. Locations were made all around 
 the Heatherlys. At once they resented the intrusion and removed. 
 Starting out one evening they went about forty miles north, and locat- 
 ed beyond the confines of civilization in the midst of a forest on the 
 West Fork of Medicine Creek in what is now Medicine Township, 
 Mercer County. There they erected a log house, a story and a half 
 in height. To this building an addition was subsequently made. 
 Stables were built easy of access from the house. The family kept no 
 stock other than horses, and beyond clearing and cultivating a small 
 garden, there were no attempts at agriculture. The entire aspect of 
 the premises was forbidding. Occasional reports made by hunters 
 living in the forks of Grand River, who had come upon the Heatherly 
 abode, while on their hunting excursions, caused the locality to be re- 
 garded as a veritable robbers' roost. Three or four large and savage 
 dogs kept constant watch and ward. A settler could be readily identi- 
 fied as such, and if one approached the house he was met fifty yards 
 from it by one of the inmates usually around, and asked what he 
 wanted. Rarely was he admitted, but a stranger, a land hunter, or 
 prospector or some other wanderer, who rode a good horse, and 
 seemed to have money, was always welcomed. The woods at that day 
 contained little underbrush; the annual fall fires, set out by the In- 
 dians, kept it down, and one could ride easily through the timber 
 without a road, and see and be seen a level distance for half a mile. 
 
390 HISTORY OF MERCEB COUNTY. 
 
 There had come from time to time to live with the Heatherlys, as 
 boarders, visitors, or retainers, three or four young men of bad appear- 
 ance and suspicious deportment. They were unknown, but it was be- 
 lieved they had di'ifted westward fi-om the older States as they fled 
 from officers of the law for crimes committed. A bad reputation soon 
 settled upon the Heatherly gang. Tales were told of the sudden 
 and utter disappearance of many a land hunter and explorer who vis- 
 ited the Upper Grand River region, and was last seen in the vicinity 
 of the Heatherly house. Even yet the aged pioneers relate black and 
 bloody legends of crime connected with the old log mansion; of shrieks 
 and cries heard in the hollows near by; of pools of blood found in se- 
 cluded places, and occasionally one hears a tradition, weird and 
 uncanny, of specters seen in the sombre, gloomy bottom of Medicine 
 Creek after nightfall. 
 
 Old Mrs. Heatherly is said to have been the leading spirit of the 
 gang, prompting and planning many a dark deed, and often assisting 
 directly in its execution. The daughter, Ann, was useful in many ways. 
 Her chief role it is said was to lure some susceptible stranger into the 
 timber, where an assassin in ambush blew out his brains with a rifle 
 and afterward robbed his body. The young men of the family made 
 frequent trips to the Missouri River towns' with horses for sale, which 
 were believed to have been stolen, and they were said to have disposed 
 of gold watches and other articles taken from the bodies of men they had 
 murdered. They seemed always to have plenty of money, and one or two 
 men who had been the guests of the Heatherlys, and lived to tell of it, 
 said that the family ' ' lived well, had coffee at every meal, store sugar 
 to sweeten it, and every fellow had his own jug of whisky. " 
 
 Early in the month of June, 1836, a party of the Iowa tribe of 
 Indians, from the Des Moines River, came down into the country on 
 the East Fork of Grand River, in what is now Grundy County, on a 
 hunting expedition. Indian hunting parties from the north frequently 
 came into the country at this period, and seldom gave the settlers any 
 trouble. Learning of the proximity of this particular party of 
 Indians, and that they had a number of horses with them, the Heath- 
 erlys resolved to visit their camp, not many miles away, steal the 
 best horses, carry them down into the Missouri River counties and sell 
 them. Taking with them three of their associates, James Dunbar, 
 Alfred Hawkins, and a man named Thomas, the four Heatherly boys 
 made their way to the vicinity of the Indian encampment, secured 
 about twenty horses and ponies, which had been turned out to graze, 
 and drove their spoil down on the Weldon Fork of Grand River. 
 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 391 
 
 There in a thick body of timber they corraled the animals and Btood 
 guard over them. The Indians soon discovered their loss, and 
 about twenty armed warriors set out in pursuit of the thieves. The 
 trail was fresh and easily followed. In a short time the robbers were 
 overtaken. The Indians demanded the instant return of their prop- 
 erty, and the demand being refused raised the war whoop and opened 
 fire. The first volley killed Thomas, and mortally wounded John 
 Heatherly. The attack was pressed, and the gang retreated, leaving 
 the ponies in the hands of the rightful owners. 
 
 Upon the defeat of their scheme, the Heatherlys returned to their 
 rendezvous, and consulted upon the best course to pursue under the 
 circumstances. Fearing that the Indians would first give informa- 
 tion of the affair to the whites and tell the true story, it was determined 
 to anticipate their visit to the settlement, and to tell a tale of their 
 own. For some time James Dunbar had shown symptoms of treach- 
 ery to the party, and now he evinced a desire to break away from his 
 evil associates. Dead men tell no tales. The next day after the 
 return from the Indian raid, Dunbar was inveigled into the woods 
 and murdered. His body was secreted, but was afterward discovered. 
 
 Passing by the cabins in the Forks, in a day the Heatherly band 
 appeared among the settlers further down, with a wild tale of terror 
 and alarm. "Indians!" "Indians!" A thousand painted warriors 
 had come from the northward, they said, and were sweeping down 
 Grand River, bm-ning, plundering and murdering. They had mur- 
 dered Thomas and John Heatherly. They had murdered Dunbar. 
 They had driven the people in the ' ' Forks ' ' to the woods and burned 
 their cabins. They would certainly exterminate all the whites in that 
 quarter, and who could tell what they would do next. 
 
 The wildest excitement resulted, couriers dashed away in every 
 direction to warn the exf)osed settlers, and to notify the authorities. 
 From Linn County on the east to Caldwell and Clinton on the west, 
 among the Mormons, the alarm spread; many fled for safety to the 
 older and denser settlements along the Missouri, others formed mili- 
 tary companies and ' ' forted up. ' ' Some isolated and apart in the 
 wilderness abandoned their cabins and hid in the woods. The further 
 the story went the more terrifying it became. South of the Missouri 
 it was believed that all of North Missouri had been invaded by hordes 
 of copper-colored Goths and Vandals from the Iowa country, bent on 
 slaughter and rapine. 
 
 Gen. William P. Thompson, of Kay County, commanding the 
 militia district, was prompt to act. Hastily mustering the Twenty- 
 
392 HISTOBY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 second Regiment of militia, composed of companies from Ray and 
 Carroll, he sent it under its commander. Col. Hiram G. Parks, to the 
 seat of war. Two well mounted and armed companies of scouts, un- 
 der the brave and experienced Indian fighters, Capt. John Sconce 
 and Capt. "William Pollard, were dispatched in advance with orders to 
 move night and day until they encountered the enemy; Col. Park's 
 regiment was to follow close behind. A battalion of two companies, 
 numbering 150 men from Clay County, was commanded by Col. 
 Shubael Allen, and the captain of one of the corapanies, the Liberty 
 Blues, was David R. Atchison. 
 
 The troops from Ray and Carroll, with some from Chariton, 
 marched straight for Upper Grand River. The Clay County battalion 
 rode due north, along the then western boundary of the State, into 
 what is now De Kalb County, and then turned east toward the 
 reported scene of the troubles. This was done to discover whether or 
 not there was a movement of the savages from the northwest, or to 
 flank the hostile bands supposed to be advancing down Grand River. 
 Accompanying the battalion were a score of volunteers, one of whom 
 was Gen. A. W. Doniphan. In Clay, Chariton and Howard, the 
 other militia organizations were directed to hold themselves in readi- 
 ness to march at an hour's notice. 
 
 These preparations were reasonably magnificent, and, doubtless, 
 had there been any real danger would have averted it in a great 
 measure, but when Capts. Sconce and Pollard reached the white 
 settlements in the ' ' Forks ' ' they found the people about their usual 
 vocations, instead of lying here and there upon the groimd, stiffened 
 corpses, mangled and scalped, as they had expected to find them. 
 Inquiry revealed the fact that only a portion of the settlers in that 
 locality had even heard of any trouble. Pushing on they soon came 
 to the Indian encampment, and found its inmates, all of whom, men, 
 squaws and papooses, did not number more than 100 soixls, 
 perfectly quiet and peaceable. It was the 4th of July and a hot day. 
 The bucks lay in the shade snoozing the time away; the women were 
 about their ordinary drudgery, the girls were weaving baskets, and 
 the boys shaping bows. 
 
 To say the Indians were amazed at the sudden appearance of 
 so many armed and mounted white men does not well express their 
 sensations when Sconce and Pollard with their men rode upon them. 
 They were members of Old Mahaska's band of lowas, and it is said 
 that Mahaska (" 'White Cloud") himself was with them. They were 
 extremely friendly to the whites on all occasions. Now, as fast as their 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 393 
 
 limber tongnes could talk, they explained that they had harmed no 
 
 one, but some "d n hoss tiefs, much d n hoss tiefs!" The 
 
 incident of the horse stealing and the pm-suit were related fairly, 
 and it was pointed out that ever since they had been compelled to 
 keep watch over their ponies as they grazed by day, and to tether them 
 securely at night. That they were all good Indians, ' ' much good 
 Injun," they protested vehemently. The great "sell" was appar- 
 ent. "Why didn't you follow up the scoundrels, and kill and 
 scalp the last one of them ?' ' asked Capt. Sconce wrathfully. Word 
 was sent back to the approaching column under Col. Parks, and it 
 was stopped. Gen. Thompson and some other officers came up and 
 interviewed the Indians, and learned the truth, which had begun to 
 dawn upon them when they reached the white settlements. The 
 Clay County battalion came up, crossed Thompson's Fork of Grand 
 River, and encamped one Sunday on its banks. After a thorough 
 examination and investigation of the situation and the circumstances, 
 Gen. Thompson and his associates became perfectly satisfied that the 
 Indians were completely innocent of the offenses alleged against 
 them, and that they had been preyed upon by the Heatherly gang as 
 has been described. After a brief consultation the officers returned 
 their men to their homes, disbanded them and the ' ' war ' ' was over. 
 The stampeded pioneers soon returned to their homes, and the recon- 
 struction period did not last more than a week. The expedition of 
 Gen. Thompson cost the State $4,000.* 
 
 Apprehension of the Heatherhjs. — The crime of the murder of 
 James Dunbar, imputed to the Indians, was now traced directly 
 to the Heatherlys. A warrant for their arrest was issued, and 
 on July 17, 1836, Lewis N. Eeese, sheriff of Carroll County, with 
 a strong posse, apprehended them. Alfi-ed Hawkins was captured 
 at night as he lay sleeping in an abandoned cabin. Their prelim- 
 inary examination came off before Squire Jesse Newlin, who then 
 lived at Navetown, now Spring Hill, Livingston County. As Liv- 
 ingston, Grundy and Mercer Counties had not then been created, 
 all of the territory now included within their several boundaries 
 was within the limits of Carroll County. The examination attract- 
 ed great attention, and lasted several days. The accused were 
 ordered to be committed to jail to await the action of the next grand 
 jury of Carroll County. As there was no suificient jail at Carrollton, 
 they were, on the 27th of July, given into the custody of the sheriff 
 of Eay County, and placed in jail at Richmond, but in a few days old 
 
 *See ActB Xll, General ABsembly, page 90. 
 25 
 
394 HISTORY OF MEECER COUNT?. 
 
 George Heatherly, his wife and their daughter Ann, were released 
 on bail. In October all the parties in obedience to a writ of habeas 
 corpus were brought before Judge John F. Ryland (afterward of the 
 supreme court) at Carrollton, but almost immediately returned to the 
 custody of the sheriff. The Heatherlys had money, and retained able 
 counsel to defend them. The gi-and jury retiu-ned indictments against 
 the Heatherlj's, and a separate bill against Alfi-ed Hawkins. In 
 March, 1837, George Heatherly was tried and acquitted. The other 
 members of the family were sent to the La Fayette County jail, and 
 Hawkins to Chariton County. 
 
 It became apparent to the circuit attorney, Hon. Thomas C. 
 Burch, that no conviction could be had of. the Heatherlys, nor of Haw. 
 kins, unless some of his fellow criminals would testify against him, 
 and at Carrollton, in July, 1837, before Judge Austin A. King, a nolle 
 prosequi was entered in the ease against the Heatherlys, and they 
 were discharged. Mr. Burch had been of counsel for the accused in 
 their preliminary examination, and his action was severely commented 
 upon. Alfred Hawkins was placed on trial, and the Heatherlys now 
 testified against him. He was ably defended by his counsel, who 
 induced some of the jury to believe that the Heatherlys themselves 
 were the guilty parties, and the result was a mis-trial, or disagree- 
 ment of the jury. At the November term following Hawkins was 
 again put upon trial at Carrollton. The Heatherlys were present, and 
 testified more strongly than before, and this time he was convicted of 
 murder in the first degree, and sentenced to death. He had no money, 
 and could take no appeal, but Gov. Boggs commuted his sentence to 
 twenty years in the penitentiary, whither he was taken, and where he 
 died after having served but two years of his term. It is said that to 
 some of his fellow convicts he confessed that his real name was not 
 Hawkins, but that he belonged to a reputable family in Tennessee, 
 and that his half-brother was a congressman. 
 
 Old ' ' Fort Heatherly ' ' was either burned or rotted down many 
 years ago, and its existence is now forgotten, except by a few of the 
 earliest pioneers. Those who do remember it locate it in the extreme 
 southern part of Medicine Township. Its inmates are said to have 
 moved first to the Platte Purchase, and subsequently to Oregon. 
 
 The Indians. — Indians continued to visit the country along Grand 
 Biver and its tributaries until 1842, when they were removed farther 
 west by the Government. They belonged to the Fort Des Moines 
 agency. They usually came in the fall, and camped along the streams 
 wherever they could find sufficient pasturage for their droves of ponies. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 395 
 
 They spent tlieir time in hunting, fishing and trapping and in raising 
 horses. The furs and skins which they took were generally sold at 
 St. Joseph, and almost the only cash that came into the country came 
 through these Indians. They were always peaceably inclined, rarely 
 giving any trouble, except when under the influence of ' ' fire water. ' ' 
 
 The First Settler and Others. — The honor of making the first 
 permanent settlement in Mercer County belongs to James Par- 
 sons, who recently died full of years, and most highly respected 
 by all who knew him. He came to the county in the fall of 1837, 
 and erected a cabin upon the farm where he continued to reside 
 until his death. He was a native of Tennessee, and of humble 
 origin. An orphan without friends and without means, at the age 
 of seventeen years he came to Illinois, where he remained for a 
 few years, acquiring such an education as could be obtained in the 
 common schools of that day. With the small means saved from 
 his wages as a farm hand, he came to Mercer County, selected the 
 site for his future home, and having made a small improvement went 
 back to Illinois to spend the winter. Upon his return the following 
 spring he found two or three other settlers in what is now the 
 southern part of the county. One of these, Samuel Loe, had come 
 very soon after his first arrival, and located near a large spring, about 
 two miles south of the firesent town of Mill Grove, upon the farm 
 now owned by Smith. He occupied a house which had been built in 
 the spring of 1837 by a squatter named Thomas Brown. He con- 
 tinued to reside there for a short time, after which he removed to the 
 place where he has since lived. He is now an old man infirm in body, 
 but of sound mind. 
 
 Some time about 1835, James Weldon came to Grundy County, 
 and located near East Fork of Grand River, not far from the Mercer 
 County line. He at once devoted his energies to opening a farm. 
 Three years later he had made a considerable improvement, and had 
 grown quite a large amount of stock. He then, in the winter of 1838, 
 sold his claim, together with his improvements and stock, to a company 
 of Mormons for |3, 300, and moved northward into Mercer County, lo- 
 cating on Section 8, of Township 64, Range 24. 
 
 During the same year Reuben Hatfield, who had located on Grand 
 River, in Grundy County, in 1836, removed to what is now the 
 extreme south part of Madison Township. His son, Joseph Hatfield, 
 located near by in Grundy County, but afterward moved into Mercer, 
 and his house became the voting place for Scott Township. 
 
 Calvin and Marcellus Renfi-o also came to the county in 1838. 
 
396 HISTORY OF MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 They had emigrated from Knox County, Ky. , two years before, 
 and located in Ray County, Mo. On coming to Mercer County, 
 Calvin located one and one-half miles northwest of Modena, on the 
 farm now owned by David Home. Marcellus settled about three - 
 fourths of a mile south of his present residence. Samuel Chestnut, a 
 brother-in-law of the Kenfros, located at about the same time two and 
 one-half miles southwest of Modena. 
 
 In 1839 witnessed the advent of several more families into the 
 county. Among them were Joseph Prichard and his two sons, Jack- 
 son and George, Joseph Girdner, James Girdner, William J. Girdner, 
 James Logan, Joseph and Martin Moss, and a Mr. Davis. They 
 emigrated from Knox County, Ky., in the spring of 1838, and 
 located at first at Chillicothe, Mo. Shortly after they came to 
 Mercer County, located claims, made some improvements, and 
 returned for their families. Prichard settled upon the farm now occu- 
 pied by his son Jackson; Joseph Moss, on the farm where he still 
 resides, and Joseph Girdner, about three miles northeast of Princeton. 
 Dui'ing the same year James Heriford and John C. Griffin settled 
 about two miles south of Princeton. The latter soon relinquished 
 agricultural pursuits for the practice of law, in which he rose to dis- 
 tinction. Peter Cain, who was prominent in the affairs of the county 
 for many years, also came in 1839. , He located in what is now Har- 
 rison Township. The population of the county was still further 
 increased in the fall of 1839 by the arrival of three families from Prince 
 Edward County, Va. They were those of Royal Williams, Ben- 
 jamin D. Thaxton and Richard Williams, all of whom located in the 
 vicinity of old Middleburg. The remaining persons known to have 
 located claims in 1839 are Joseph Sallee, John Reeves, Seabert Rhea, 
 William Perkins, Alfred Hickman, Jackson Williams, Thomas Everett, 
 Charles Thompson, John Dunkerson, John D. and H. P. Sullivan, 
 Lafayette Berry, A. E. Keith, John Hart, Andrew J. Williams, 
 Stephen F. Rhea, William Miller, Abiel Miles, Archibald Smith, 
 Archibald Hamilton, Isaac Van Dine, Jonathan Booth, Samuel Brown, 
 Jesse Newlin, John Hays, William Reed, John B. and James W. Gib- 
 son, Lewis Franklin, John D. Locke. 
 
 At the close of the year 1839 there were probably not more than 
 forty families within the limits of what is now Mercer County, and the 
 settlements were confined to a strip through the central part, except a 
 few which had been made in the territory now embraced in Madison 
 and Harrison Townships. 
 
 The account of the subsequent settlement of the county, for con- 
 venience, is given by townships. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 397 
 
 Settlement of Washington Toivnship. — Washington Township, 
 from the character of its surface and its situation, was one of the 
 first to be settled. Among the pioneers, besides those ah-eady 
 mentioned, were John Vinson, Harrison Weldon, Thomas Thomp- 
 son, John Logan, John G. Ellis, William W. Ellis, S. D. Cui-tis, 
 Charles Ewing, Lewis Gibson, John Loe, Thomas Brown, Will- 
 iam Campbell and William Ballew. The last named came with 
 his family fi'om Morgan County, Ind., in 1840. He had five 
 sons: Thomas, Richard B., Robert, Squire and William B., all of 
 whom became prominent citizens of the county. The first two 
 and the last named are still living. The second grist mill in the 
 county was erected in this township on East Fork of Grand River, 
 opposite the present town of Mill Grove. It was built by Thomas 
 Brown in 1841. Among others who located in Washington Town- 
 ship prior to 1857 were the following: H. H. Bowers, James M. 
 and William T. Lewallen, Joseph Brantley, J. W^ Calvin, William 
 Barnes, Moses Lowell, Andi-ew Kilgore, Henry Price, John H. Baker, 
 G. W. Rose, Abram Cox, Thomas R. Stafford, Thomas C, David, 
 Henry and James C. Coon, James Norcross, Thomas and John Patton, 
 James Wood, Samuel Ewing and Enos B. Barrett. 
 
 Settlement of Morgan Tovmship. — Morgan Township, being in 
 the center of the county, and containing the county seat, pre- 
 sented especial attractions to the early settlers. Of those who 
 located within its present limits, between 1840 and 1850, were Floyd 
 Shannon and his two brothers, Reese and Russell, William and 
 Jesse Miller, William Arbuckle, John R. McClelland, M. H. Pre- 
 witt, William Constable, David Farley and his sons, Benjamin and 
 C. P., Israel Nordyke, Isaac J. Cast, Samuel Prewitt, Willis and 
 George Moore, James Dykes, Zachariah Worley, Caleb and Ciswell 
 Brummitt, Thomas and Greene Wilson, and Ambrose Day. The 
 Shannons opened one of the first stores in the county in 1844, in a 
 small log house, about three miles west of Princeton. Russell Shan- 
 non died in 1846, and the partnership between Floyd and Reese was 
 then dissolved, the former removing to Princeton. 
 
 William and Jesse Miller built a mill on East Fork of Grand River 
 in 1842, a short distance above where Anderson's mill now is. A 
 little cluster of houses and shops that sprang up on the west side of the 
 river in the vicinity of this mill was named Moscow, and when the seat 
 of justice for Mercer County came to be located this place was strong- 
 ly argued as an eligible site. Dr. Mangel was a leading citizen of 
 this place. The mill built by Miller Bros, afterward passed into the 
 
398 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 hands of William Constable, who owned and operated it until his 
 death. It then fell into disuse, and was finally washed away by a 
 flood. A saw and grist mill, the first in the county, was also built 
 about 1839, by Jesse Newlin, who sold it to William Kelsey. He 
 continued to run it for several years. It was situated on East Fork 
 of Grand River, about two and one- half miles south of Princeton. A 
 store was opened near this place soon after by John C. Grilfin. 
 
 Settlement of Marion Toimiship. — Marion Township lies on both 
 sides of Grand Fork of Grand River, and being mostly covered with 
 timber it was settled several years before the territory on either side 
 of it. Among its earliest settlers were James Clark, Joseph Sullivan, 
 D. L. Berry, Greene W. Laughlin, A. M. Clements, J. P. and Solo- 
 mon Litton, S. H. Porter, James M. Newlin, Peter Alley and his sons 
 William and James, Benjamin Sullivan, James H. Brown, Thomas Al- 
 ley, H. G. Alley, John M. Quails, and a man by the name of Carmine. 
 
 Joseph Sullivan emigrated from Whitley County, Ky., in 1840, 
 and located two miles east and half a mile south of Lineville. At 
 about the same time Greene W. Laughlin also located near the State 
 line. He was a slave owner, and a man of considerable prominence. 
 He was the first clerk of the county court, but died before the expira- 
 tion of his term of office in 1848. James Clark and Benjamin Sulli- 
 van lived near where Marion Station now is. The land on the Mis- 
 souri side of the State line opposite Lineville was entered by T. H. P. 
 Duncan, who built a small log house, which now forms a part of the 
 hotel known as the Duncan House. An amusing incident is told of 
 the way in which Duncan took advantage of his position to bafBe the 
 revenue collectors of both Iowa and Missouri. Upon the surveying of 
 the State line in 1851 one Fortner built a store near the line. Dun- 
 can purchased this building, and turned it around so that one end was 
 in Missouri and the other in Iowa. At that time Iowa levied a heavy 
 tax upon the sale of whisky, but none upon the sale of merchandise, 
 while Missouri, on the other hand, practically had free whisky, but 
 levied a considerable tax upon merchandise. Duncan, therefore, sold 
 his whisky in the Missouri end of his store, and his dry goods, gro- 
 ceries, etc. , in the Iowa side, and thus successfully claimed exemption 
 from taxation. 
 
 Among those who located in Marion Township in the early part of 
 the fifties were T. C. and J. G. Earley, John Snyder, William Sears, 
 John Cunningham, John T. Porter, Isaac J. Duree, James Lawson, 
 Samuel and Benjamin Strong, J. H. Combs, Aaron Wells, William 
 Brown, Henry Williams, Wesley McPorter, Henry Coleman, P. C. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 399 
 
 Brown, Thomas H. Bryan, J. E. Sears, L. C. Laughlin, John Mcin- 
 tosh, John Shaffer, Isaac F. Sexton, William Argo and Wilson Snydor. 
 
 Madison Toxvnship Pioneers. — The settlement of what is now Mad- 
 ison Township was begun in 1838 when Reuben Hatfield and the 
 Renfros located within its borders. It contains a fine body of land, 
 and to the early pioneer was one of the most attractive portions of the 
 county. 
 
 Several of the first settlers of this township have been mentioned. 
 Among the others of a little later date were Abraham Butcher, John 
 H. Thogmartin, Thomas McDowell, John Mahaffy, John Vanderpool, 
 Elisha Vanderpool, Joel Smith, Robert Thogmartin, Floyd Miles, B. 
 F. Clark, J. W. Speery, Dr. W. Vanderpool, William Miles, H. C. 
 Hamilton and Robert Williams. 
 
 First Residents of Harrison Township. — Harrison Township was 
 the site of the first settlement in the county, James Parsons hav- 
 ing located between Goshen Prairie and Thompson's Fork of Grand 
 River. John Hart, James Perkins, Andrew J. WiUiams, Peter Cain 
 and Joseph Prichard also found homes in this township, which, prior 
 to the organization of the county, formed a part of Lafayette Town- 
 ship. Among those who located in this territory during the decade of 
 the forties were E. B. Slover, Peter Hart, Morgan Hart, John 
 Reeves, J. M. Nichols, Jonathan Wolf, Andrew Clark, Eli Rubert, L. 
 N. Constable and S. Shaffer. 
 
 Pioneers of Lindley Township. — Lindley was not settled so early as 
 Harrison, little land having been entered prior to 1850. This was un- 
 doubtedly owing largely to its position. Among the pioneers of this 
 township were James Dykes, E. G. Wiggins, Rankin McClaren, Jesse 
 Constable, Thomas Scott, William Goin, Martin Goin, Charles, Yates, 
 Mason Foxworthy, Kirby McGrew, Abraham Constable, Joseph M. 
 Sallee, Jacob Horner, Granville Watson, William Snook, John S. 
 Wilson, Enoch L. Foxworthy, Benjamin Cox. 
 
 Settlement of Medicine Township. — Medicine Township contains 
 rough land, and was not settled so early as the other townships bor- 
 dering on the south line. The earliest permanent settlement within 
 its limits of which any record could be found was made by John V. 
 Barnes, who came from Pennsylvania about 1844, and located on 
 Honey Creek, two miles northwest of Half Rock. William Keith also 
 settled near the same place at a little later date. Daniel B. Ehoads 
 was also one of the earliest pioneers. The township, however, was 
 mainly settled from 1850 to 1856.. Of those who came during that 
 time mav be mentioned Adam Hunter, J. H. Bly, James W. Rice, 
 
400 HISTORY OF MEECEK COUXTY. 
 
 Juhn H. Snapp, James Brittian, Aaron Wright, George Brittian, 
 Silas Cooper, Vincent Cooksey, James Martin, William and Eansom 
 Coop, William S. Smith, James Swopes, Amos S. Baisley, Andrew 
 Thomas, Andrew Selsor, Cyrus Jones, Levi Holt, William A. Stone, 
 John Scott, Robert M. Sowder, A. W. Harris, Jacob and James Kep- 
 ple, Robert S. Stout, R. G. Miller, Russell Newman, William Burris, 
 Thomas Cooper, J. S. Harraman, Jonathan Byres, William Brantley, 
 John Bryant, C. Hopper, Joseph Rich, John Evans, John Michael 
 and Thomas Ehoads. 
 
 Settlement of Eavanna Township. — Kavanna Township was one of 
 the last settled. It consists chiefly of prairie land, and was consequently 
 shunned by the first settlers, although no more fertile section can be 
 found in Northern Missouri. Probably the first settler in Ravanna 
 Township was a man named James Morgan, who was rather a squat- 
 ter than a settler. He carried on a sort of illicit trade in whisky with 
 the Indians, and his place was naturally a rendezvous for that rough 
 element which hovered around the frontier communities. He lived 
 four miles south of Eavanna, where he located in the spring of 1840. 
 He remained but three or four years. Among the first permanent 
 settlers in the township were Jeptba Wood, William Pickett, Hiram 
 Pickett, Arkelson Keith, Fleming and Solomon Tollerday, John M. 
 Smith, Joseph G. Collings and Spencer CoUings, all of whom came 
 prior to 1850. During the next five or six years the settlement went 
 on very rapidly. The following persons located in the township dur- 
 ing that time: R. R. Stephens, Thomas D. Hall, E. T. Bull, A. J. 
 Collings, Dingee Adams, James Trout, William H. Hall, David A. 
 Moore, John F. Anderson, James R. Gibson, Campbell R. Summers, 
 Samuel Widuer, William H. Harraman, John M. Underwood, J. R. 
 Yoakom, S. H. Draper, William R. McKinley, Jacob Loutzenhiser, 
 Thomas Underwood, Samuel Stockton, Elbridge Goddard, Sylvester 
 and Absalom Evans, A. C. Lynch, Jesse Swan, John S. Scott, Elijah 
 H. Crawford. 
 
 Somerset Township Settlements. — Settlements were made here as 
 early as 1839, when claims were located by H. P. and John D. Sullivan, 
 and Alexander Laughlin. These were all in the northwest corner of 
 the township. The remainder was not settled for many years. In 
 185-lr a colony from Richland County, 111., located in the southern 
 part of this township. It consisted of Samuel R. Loury, his sons 
 Andrew, David, John, and S. S., and their families, and several 
 single men. At that time the country was suffering from a severe 
 drought. All water-mills had stopped from a lack of water, and noth- 
 
 I 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 401 
 
 ing was running except a few small horse-mills. They were therefore 
 compelled to go to Alexandria for flour. No road had then been laid 
 out fi-om this town to Princeton, and the way was marked only by a 
 trail across the open prairie. 
 
 Among the others who entered land in this township during the 
 early part of the fifties were Peter W. Duree, H. P. and J. W. B. 
 Cox, Thomas M. Laughlin, James and Eli Stark, A. J. Berry, Will- 
 iam Hendricks, Isaac Welch, Elihu Wakefield, Jacob and James 
 Bixler, Philip Sidner, David Warden, David Moore, Aaron Miller, 
 Hardin Irwin, Charles Cousins, William Spence, William Conklin, 
 Pleasant Hemy, Samuel Stockton, Josiah McClain, Richard Atkin- 
 son, James J. Johnson, John, Hiram and William Eoyse, William 
 Proctor, J. H. and L. C. Laughlin, and William J. Jennings. 
 
 Population. — The first census was taken in 1850, at which time 
 the population numbered 2,691. During the next decade it increased 
 to 9,300, and in 1870 it had reached 11,577. In 1880 it was 14,673, 
 and is now about 16,000. By townships the population in 1870 and 
 1880 was as follows: 
 
 1870. 1880. 
 
 Harrison 914 1,258 
 
 Lindley 1,519 1,695 
 
 Madison 3,031 1,386 
 
 Marion 1,006 1,531 
 
 Medicine 939 1,315 
 
 Morgan 2,107 3,857 
 
 Ravanna 1,139 1,.573 
 
 Somerset 1,114 1,133 
 
 Washington 838 2,036 
 
 Nativity. — The nativity of the population in 1880 was as follows: 
 Missouri, 8,173; Illinois, 665; Kentucky, 638; Ohio, 1,124; Tennessee, 
 430; Indiana, 1,303; Virginia, 292; Pennsylvania, 305; New York, 
 174; Iowa, 890; British America, 25; England and Wales, 25; Ireland, 
 58; Scotland, 12; Germany, 32; France, 2; Scandinavia, 10; and 
 Bohemia, 14. 
 
 OEGANIZATION. 
 
 The County Formed and Organized. — February 8, 1839, the Gen- 
 eral Assembly defined the limits of Grundy County as follows: Begin- 
 ning at the northeast corner of Livingston County; thence north with 
 the section line twenty-one miles, or to the corner of .Sections 9, 10, 15 
 and 16, Township 63, Range 22 west of the fifth principal meridian; 
 thence west along the line dividing Sections 9 and 16 to the range line 
 dividing Ranges 25 and 26; thence south with said range line to the 
 
402 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 northwest corner of Livingston County; thence east with said county 
 line to the place of beginning. This ten-itory was then attached to Liv- 
 ingston County for civil and militai-y purposes, and so continued until 
 1841, when the county of Grundy was organized. At the same time 
 it was enacted that all the territory lying north of it should be attached 
 to it for civil and military purposes, provided tii,at the citizens living 
 in the said territory should not be entitled to vote on any question 
 concerning the location of the county seat of Griindy; also, that those 
 citizens should not be taxed for the erection of county buildings. By 
 Section 4 of an act passed February 22, 1843, this territory was 
 named Mercer County, "in honor of Gen. Mercer, of Revolutionary 
 fame." It was not, however, until 1845 that this county was organ- 
 ized. The act providing for the organization defined the boundaries 
 of the county as follows : ' ' Beginning at the northeast corner of 
 Grundy County; thence due north to the northern boundai-y line of 
 the State; thence due west twenty-one miles; thence due south to the 
 northwest corner of Grundy County; thence east with the said county 
 line to the place of beginning. ' ' 
 
 The commissioners appointed to locate the seat of justice were 
 George Munro, of Livingston County; Robert Wilson, of Daviess 
 County; and Lewis Taylor, of Linn County, who were ordered to meet 
 at the house of Joseph Girdner on the first Monday in November, 1845. 
 The first county court was held at the same place, and was composed 
 of the following justices: Robert Magruder, president; John Rock- 
 hold and Asa Campbell. G. W. Laughlin had already been appointed 
 clerk of the court by the Governor, and W. J. Girdner had been simi- 
 larly appointed sheriff. 
 
 The first public work undertaken was the building of a jail, the 
 superintendence of which was intrusted to Floyd Shannon. The 
 contractor was Laban Cui'tis, and the principal part of the work was 
 done by some Mormon refugees, who had come to the covmty about 
 that time. It was a log buildinsr, with two walls buUt about a foot 
 apart, the space between being filled with stone. It had a dungeon 
 in the lower part, entered through a trap door from the debtor's room 
 above. It stood on the lot now occupied by the dwelling of Mrs. J. C. 
 "\V. Lindsey. Its cost was $494. 
 
 The building first occupied as a courthouse was a small log 
 structure which had been erected by Samuel Spears, whose claim was 
 purchased as a site for the seat of justice. This building was used 
 until May, 1847, when a new courthouse was completed. The latter 
 was a new log structure, about twenty-four feet square, two stories 
 
STATE OF MISSODEI. 403 
 
 high, and stood on the corner of the public square where Speer Bros. ' 
 store now is. 
 
 The biiilding of briclges also early demanded the attention- of the 
 court, and in 1846 contracts were let for two to be built across East 
 Fork. One of these was near William Kelsey's mill, and the other 
 west of Princeton. 
 
 Township Formation and Organization. — Prior to the organization 
 of Mercer County the territory therein embraced had been laid off into 
 townships by Grundy County, but, as the early records of that coiu-t have 
 been lost, the boundaries are not definitely known. Lafayette Township 
 occupied the southwestern part of the county, and Scott Township the 
 northwestern part, including a portion of what is now Wayne County, 
 Iowa. Clark Township lay east of Scott, and the territory south of 
 this is thought to have been embraced in Franklin Township, which 
 also included the northeast part of Grundy County. The elections in 
 Lafayette Townshij) were held at the house of John Hart, who lived 
 near where Goshen now is. In Scott Township, they were held at 
 Allen Scott' s ; in Clark Township, at a place not far from the present 
 town of Marion; and in Franklin Township, at the house of David 
 Ashbrook, who lived south of what was afterward the town of Middle- 
 bury. Among the justices of the fieace elected prior to the creation 
 of the county were: in LafaJ^ette Township, Abiel Miles, William 
 Miller, William Ballew, John McGimsey and Robert Magruder; in 
 Scott Township, George Wood, Harrison Weldon, John Dunkerson; 
 in Clark Township, John Kockhold and Allen M. England; and in 
 Franklin Township, William P. Fitzpatrick and William Schooler. 
 
 At the organization of the county it was divided into six townships: 
 Marion, Morgan, Harrison, Washington, Madison and Scott. The 
 last named lay north of the present State line, and was consequently 
 cut off in 1850. The justices of the peace chosen at the first election 
 after the county was established were as follows : Marion Township, 
 James L. Cox, Jonathan Alley, S. H. Porter and D. W. Baker; Scott 
 Township, Daniel Moore and Aaron B. Stanley; Harrison Township, 
 Joseph Moss; Morgan Township, Willis Burris; Madison Township, 
 Jacob Butcher; Washington Township, William P. Fitzpatrick, John 
 Scooler and John Logan. In May, 1848, the county court issued 
 an order creating a new township by the name of Medicine, with the 
 following boundaries: " Beginning at the south line of Mercer County 
 where the divide between Muddy and Honey, Creeks crosses said 
 county line; thence north with said divide to the south line of Mor- 
 gan Township; thence east to the county line of Mercer." Th» 
 
404 HISTOEY OF MERCEB COUNTY. 
 
 next township created was Lindley, which was formed in 1856, and 
 embraced nearly the same territory as at the present time. Somerset 
 Township was established the following year. In March, 1859, Ra- 
 vanna Township was formed with the following boundaries: "Com- 
 mencing at the point where the line dividing Townships 64 and 65 
 intersects the Putnam County line; thence west to Muddy Creek; 
 thence north with Muddy Creek to the line dividing Townships 65 
 and 66; thence east on the township line to the Putnam County line; 
 thence south to the place of beginning. ' ' 
 
 The townships were little more than election precincts until 1872, 
 when a petition, signed by 122 citizens, was presented to the county 
 court, asking that the proposition to vote on township organization be 
 submitted to the voters at the election in November of that year. 
 The petition was granted, and the proposition was carried by a ma- 
 jority of 976. The new system went into operation soon after. Un- 
 der it the townships assessed and collected the revenue raised by tax- 
 ation within their own ten'itory, and had a general supervision over 
 public highways, smaller bridges, and the disbui'sement of the town- 
 ship and school moneys within their respective jurisdictions. This 
 system had its enemies as well as its advocates, and in 1877 the former 
 obtained an act of the Legislature abolishing it. The townships then 
 returned to their previous condition. 
 
 T/ie State Boundary Question. — One of the most interesting 
 subjects connected with the history of the border counties is that 
 of the disputed boundary line between Missouri and Iowa. From 
 the organization of the territory of Iowa until 1851 the location 
 of its southern boundary line was a subject of dispute. The act 
 of Congress of March 6, 1820, providing for the formation of a 
 State government by the people of Missouri Territory, described 
 its boundaries as follows: " Beginning in the middle of the Mis- 
 sissippi River on the parallel of 36° north latitude; thence west 
 along that parallel to the St. Francois River, thence up and following 
 the course of that river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to 
 the parallel of latitude 30° 30'; thence west along the same to a point 
 where the said parallel is intersected bj' a meridian line passing through 
 the mouth of the Kansas River where the same intersects the Missouri 
 River ; thence from the point aforesaid, north along the said meridian 
 line to the intersection of the parallel of latitude which passes through 
 the raj)ids of the River Des Moines; making the said line to coiTespond 
 with the Indian boundary line; thence east from the point of intersec- 
 tion last aforesaid along the said parallel of latitude to the middle of the 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 405 
 
 channel of the main fork of the said Kiver Des Moines ; thence down 
 and along the middle of the main channel of the said River Des 
 Moines to the mouth of the same where it empties into the Mississippi 
 River; thence due east to the middle of the main channel thereof; 
 thence south along the middle of the said channel to the place of 
 beginning. ' ' 
 
 In 1837, in accordance with an act of the Legislature of Missouri, 
 a survey of the northern boundary line was made by commissioners on 
 behalf of the State, who located it on the parallel of 40° 44' 6' ', 
 north latitude. But this line did not coincide with the Indian bound- 
 ary line. The commissioners asserted that the line described was an 
 impossible one, for the reason that the parallel passing through what 
 they contended was the rapids in the Des Moines River, would not co- 
 incide with the Indian boundary line. They therefore located it upon 
 the parallel passing through the rapids, disregarding the Indian 
 boundary line. 
 
 The line as subsequently run by commissioners on behalf of Iowa 
 was made to correspond with the Indian boundary line. The territory 
 in dispute was a little over eight miles in width at the east end and 
 eleven miles in width at the west end. Over this territory both States 
 claimed jurisdiction, and in some of the eastern border counties the 
 conflict of authority produced open war. The territory north of Mer- 
 cer County was very sparsely settled prior to the final location of the 
 line, and nothing of a serious nature resulted. The people in the dis- 
 puted territory participated in the elections in Mercer County, but no 
 taxes were collected there. Lists of the taxable property and the 
 amount of the taxes were made out and filed away each year, so that 
 had the territory been finally decreed to belong to Missouri, the delin- 
 quent taxes could have been collected. H. B. Duncan, who lived on 
 the debatable land, in 1848-50 represented Mercer County in the 
 Legislature of Missouri, and a few years later, without changing loca- 
 tion, was elected a member of the Iowa Legislatui-e. The question 
 in dispute at last went to the United States Supreme Com-t, where it 
 was definitely settled, and in 1851 the line was surveyed and the 
 boundary marked by iron posts set ten miles apart. 
 
 Elections. — Since its organization Mercer County, politically, has 
 been evenly balanced between the two leading parties. The first reg- 
 Tilar political campaign of the county was made in 1844, when Dr. 
 Livingston ' ' stumped ' ' the county for the Whigs and John C. Griffin 
 for the Democrats. The result of that election could not be ascer- 
 tained. In 1848, at the first presidential election after the organiza- 
 
406 
 
 HISTOKT OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 tion of the county, the following judges of election were appointed: 
 For Marion Township — D. W. Baker, S. Litton and William Alley; 
 for Morgan Township — Isaac J. Cast, David Colyer and William N. 
 Lindsey; for Washington Township — Thomas Everett, William 
 Thomas and Harvey Belcher; for Han-ison Township — J. M. Nichols, 
 William Chambers and Reese Shannon; for Scott Township — Reuben 
 Hatfield, Daniel Moore and William Hamilton; for Madison Town- 
 ship — Thomas Ballew, Samuel Chestnut and Henry M' ; 
 
 for Medicine Township — John Barnes, Willoughby Keith and Levi 
 Holt. The voting places were as follows: In Mai'ion Township, at 
 the house of A. M. Clements; in Morgan Township, at the court- 
 house in Princeton; in Washington Township, at the house of Thomas 
 Everett; in Hamson Township at the house of John Hart; in Scott 
 Township, at the house of Reuben Hatfield; in Madison Township, at 
 the house of Joseph Hatfield; in Medicine Township, at the house of 
 John Barnes. This election resulted in a tie between the Whig and 
 Democratic electors, each receiving 187 votes. The best knowledge 
 now attainable of the political changes of the county can be obtained 
 by noting the party affiliations of the representatives to the Legisla- 
 ture from Mercer County as given elsewhere. The campaign of 
 1860 was an exciting one. At the election Douglas carried the county 
 by a plurality, but Bell and Everett received a fair vote. Only seven- 
 teen votes were cast for Lincoln. Four years later he received 
 the almost unanimous vote of the county, only two votes being cast 
 against him. 
 
 Beginning with 1874, the vote by townships has since been as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 1874. 
 
 Republican, Democratic. 
 
 Medicine 60 28 
 
 Ravanna 126 55 
 
 Somerset 70 51 
 
 Marion 36 56 
 
 Morgan 141 119 
 
 Washington 137 35 
 
 Madison 108 16 
 
 Harrison 98 40 
 
 Lindley 118 17 
 
 Total 894 417 
 
 1876. 
 
 Republican. Democratic. 
 
 Medicine 113 95 
 
 Ravanna 187 109 
 
 Somerset 115 81 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 
 
 407 
 
 1876. 
 
 Eepublican. Democrat. 
 
 Marion 109 113 
 
 Morgan 279 207 
 
 Washington 272 67 
 
 Madison 171 77 
 
 Harrison 100 95 
 
 Lindley 156 11.5 
 
 Total 1,501 959 
 
 1878. 
 
 Republican. Democratic. 
 
 Medicine • 101 75 
 
 Ravanna 120 83 
 
 Somerset 75 53 
 
 Marion 85 87 
 
 Morgan 269 177 
 
 Wasliington 204 49 
 
 Madison 119 37 
 
 Harrison 72 61 
 
 Lindley 55 49 
 
 Total ■ 1,100 621 
 
 1880. 
 
 Bepublican. Democratic. 
 
 Medicine 121 82 
 
 Ravanna 178 117 
 
 Somerset 110 85 
 
 Marion ; 151 122 
 
 Morgan 324 234 
 
 Washington 267 86 
 
 Madison 139 65 
 
 Harrison 118 95 
 
 Lindley 155 112 
 
 Total 1,563 998 
 
 1882. 
 
 Republican. Democratic. 
 
 Medicine 133 84 
 
 Ravanna 214 76 
 
 Somerset 117 72 
 
 Marion 161 92 
 
 Morgan 338 248 
 
 Washington 219 64 
 
 Madison 151 70 
 
 Harrison 95 89 
 
 Lindley 117 105 
 
 Total 1,545 900 
 
408 HISTORY OF MERCEE COUNTY. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Sepublican. Democratic. 
 
 Medicine 158 92 
 
 Ravanna 213 94 
 
 Somerset 129 74 
 
 Marion 183 104 
 
 Morgan 381 207 
 
 ■Washington 281 78 
 
 Madison 175 74 
 
 Harrison 134 109 
 
 Lindley 159 138 
 
 Total 1,813 965 
 
 1886. 
 
 Republican. Democratic. 
 
 Medicine 142 74 
 
 Ravanna 191 113 
 
 Somerset 110 74 
 
 Marion 172 95 
 
 Morgan 354 207 
 
 Washington 227 54 
 
 Madison 164 78 
 
 Harrison 132 94 
 
 Lindley 132 131 
 
 Total 1,624 920 
 
 Finances. — The financial affairs of Mercer County have, as a rule, 
 been wisely and economically administered. While in the first years 
 the revenues were very meager the expenditures were correspondingly 
 small. In 1846 the tax collected amounted to S414. 30. In 1860 
 the collections from all soui'ces amounted to $7,155.97, of which 
 $5,677.37 came from the tax upon property. The expenditures for 
 the same year amounted to $7,792.38. In 1865 the receipts were 
 $8,108.31, and the expenditures $5,783.50. Up to this time the 
 county had incurred no bonded indebtedness, and had but a small 
 amount of outstanding warrants. 
 
 Railroad Bonds and StocA;.— In 1866 the county couii decided to 
 submit to the qualified voters of the county the proposition to subscribe 
 $200,000 stock in the Chillicothe & Des Moines City Railroad. This 
 election was held on the 6th of November, with the following result: 
 
 Yes. Xo. Scratched Votes. 
 
 Somerset 7 64 13 
 
 Ravanna 107 3 23 
 
 Medicine 38 51 12 
 
 Washington 73 2 4 
 
 Morgan 235 5 15 
 
 Marion 29 88 17 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 409 
 
 Yes. Xo. Scratched Votes. 
 
 Lindley 108 17 7 
 
 Harrison 75 7 6 
 
 Madison ... 165 6 13 
 
 Total 837 193 109 
 
 As soon as the result of this election was known, the county court 
 prepared for issue to the company $200,000 in county bonds bearing 
 7 per cent interest. It was found, however, that 7 per cent bonds 
 could not be negotiated, and bonds bearing 8 per cent interest were 
 substituted. For these bonds the county received a certificate of an 
 equal amount of stock in the railroad. The road in which this stock 
 was taken was chartered by an act of the Legislature of Missoui'i on the 
 20th of February, 1865. The board of directors named in the act 
 was composed of the following men : James B. Bell, Jonas J. Clark, 
 J. W. McMillin, John H. Ellis, John A. Lowe and Robert S. Moore, 
 of Livingston County; Daniel Berry, George W. Moberly, Andrew Y. 
 Shanklin, Cyrus Ramage, E. L. Winters, Samuel Wilson, William 
 Metcalf and William Wyatt, of Grundy County; and Joseph A. Ken- 
 nedy, John Brown, Thomas J. Wyatt, Andrew Lowry, James Brad- 
 ley, John Snyder, John F. Stevens, Israel Patton and F. M. Evans, 
 of Mercer County. The authorized capital stock was fixed at 
 $3,000,000, divided into shares of $40 each. In addition to the sum 
 voted by Mercer County, Grundy County subscribed $200,000 stock, 
 and the city of Chillicothe $40,000. In accordance with a provision 
 of the act incorporating the company, a meeting of the directors was 
 held at Chillicothe on February 19, 1868, and an organization was 
 effected by electing George W. Moberly, president; Robert S. Moore, 
 secretary, and William Wyatt, treasurer. The first regular annual 
 meeting was held at Trenton on the 22d of April following, at which 
 time new ofiicers were elected as follows: Col. John H. Shanklin, 
 president; S. H. Ferryman, secretary; R. B. Ballew, treasurer. Stock 
 books were then opened, and during the year $451,500 of the capital 
 stock was subscribed. With this amount assured the survey and loca- 
 tion of the road was begun, and by February 10, 1869, it was ready 
 to be let to contractors. During the remainder of the year the work 
 was pushed forward rapidly, and by January 1, 1870, the grading 
 between Princeton and Chillicothe was completed. At this point, 
 however, the funds became exhausted, and work was brought to a 
 standstill, but on the 20th of April, 1870, the newly constructed road- 
 bed, together with the right of way from Princeton to Trenton, was 
 transferred by lease to the Chicago & Southwestern Railway Company, 
 now a part of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific. W^ork was at once 
 
 26 
 
410 HISTORY OF MEKCER COUNTY. 
 
 resumed, and so rapidly was it carried forward that in September, 
 1871, trains were running into Leavenworth, Kas. 
 
 The lease mentioned above did not include that portion of the 
 roadbed between Trenton and Chillicothe, and it remained unfinished. 
 At the May term, 1877, the county court made an order transferring 
 the stock of the county in the Chillicothe & Des Moines City Railroad 
 to Henry Hatch, George Van Aveiy, H. M. Pollard and Marcus A. 
 Low, on condition that they pay all debts owed by the Chillicothe & 
 Des Moines City Railroad to citizens of Mercer County, and that they 
 complete the road by January 1, 1879. As these terms were not com- 
 plied with, the certificate was returned to the county. Its value of 
 course is now inconsiderable. 
 
 At the time the bonds of the county were issued to the railroad 
 company, the ability to pay the interest and principal was not doubted, 
 but the great shrinkage in the value of all property, which resulted 
 from the financial panic of 1873, made it impossible to pay the high 
 rate of interest and provide for the redemption of the bonds them- 
 selves without serious embarrassment to all the interests of the county. 
 A proposition was therefore made to the county court in 1879 to 
 redeem the outstanding bonds, together with accrued interest, at the 
 rate of 50 cents on the dollar, and the county clerk was authorized 
 to issue 6 per cent bonds in exchange for the old ones. A small part 
 of the debt was funded at that rate, but the most of the bondholders 
 refused the terms. The county clerk was then given permission to 
 negotiate for the redemption of the old bonds at the best rates obtain- 
 able, and since that time nearly all the debt has been funded at rates 
 varying from 60 to 100 cents on the dollar. 
 
 In 1882 a levy of 50 cents on $100 worth of taxable property 
 was made for the purpose of creating a fund for the settlement and 
 payment of the railroad boods. This levy the next year was increased 
 to 75 cents on $100, and has since remained at that rate. 
 
 The Debt. — The following statement of the debt was made by the 
 
 clerk of the county court for January 1, 1885: 
 
 Face of 8 per cent 5-20 county railroad bonds $76,700 00 
 
 Face of 6 per cent 5-20 county railroad bonds issued 
 
 from August 1, 1879, to January 1, 1883 37,500 00 
 
 Face of new" 6 per cent 5-20 county railroad bonds 
 
 issued September 1, 1884, in payment of old 
 
 bonds and interest 11,100 00 
 
 Past due coupons 23,378 00 
 
 Interest due on past due coupons 3,371 04 
 
 Interest on 148.600 6 per cent bonds from September 
 
 1, 1884, to January 1, 1885 972 00 
 
 Total compromise tax for 1884 $153,021 04 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 411 
 
 Compromise Tax for 1884. — The compromise tax for 1884 was as 
 follows : 
 
 Railroad 11.920 97 
 
 Telegraph 20 90 
 
 Land.... 11,322 31 
 
 Town lots 1,196 39 
 
 Merchants 792 09 
 
 Personal property 9,404 91 
 
 Total $24,657 53 
 
 Balance of the bonded debt after deducting the 
 
 compromise tax of 1884 |128,363 51 
 
 Since this report was made the debt has been reduced at the rate 
 of about $25,000 per year. Only $5,600 of the 8 per cent bonds 
 remain to be redeemed, while of the bonds bearing date August 1, 
 1879, there remain $24,000, and of those issued September 1, 1884, 
 there are outstanding $70, 000, making the aggregate bonded indebt- 
 edness about $100,000. 
 
 Courthouse, Jail and Poorhouse. — In addition to the expense in 
 the settlement of the railroad debt, considerable has been expended for 
 public improvements. In 1859 the old log courthouse was replaced by 
 the present brick structure, which stands in the center of the public 
 square. It was built by H. B. Nesbitt, under the supervision of John 
 C. McClelland, and cost $8,000. In 1874 the old jail lot was sold to 
 J. C. W. Lindsey, and a new lot was purchased from Israel Patton, 
 ttpon which, during the same year, the present brick jail was erected. 
 It was built by Jacob Houk for $4,683. In December, 1869, a farm 
 of 319 acres was purchased from Capt. H. J. Alley for $3,000, and 
 converted into a poorfarm. It is situated on Sections 20 and 29, 
 Township 66, Range 24. David Warden was the first superintendent. 
 
 County Officers. — The following is a list of the representatives 
 from Mercer County since its organization: W. N. McAfee, Democrat, 
 1846-48; H. B. Duncan, Whig, 1848-50; John M. Nichols, Democrat, 
 1850-52; George T. Prichard, Whig, 1852-54; O. C. Eoberts, Whig, 
 1854-56; John C. Clark, Democrat, 1856-58; Andrew Woolsey, 
 Know-nothing, 1858-60; Asa Campbell, Democrat, 1860-62; J. A. 
 Kennedy, Eepublican, 1862-64; Daniel M. King, Republican, 1864- 
 66; W. L. Jerome, Republican, 1866-68; R. D. Keeney, Republican, 
 1868-70; Joseph H. Burrows, Republican, 1870-74; C. H. Stewart, 
 Republican, 1874-76; T. E. Evans, Republican, 1876-78; Joseph H. 
 Burrows, Greenbacker, 1878-80; W. A. Loe, Republican, 1880-82; 
 J. P. Bailey, Democrat, 1882-84; M. E. Swift, Republican, 1884 
 (present incumbent). 
 
412 HISTORY OP MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 The sheriffs of the county have been as follows: William J. Gird- 
 ner, 1845-48; Peter Cain, 1848-52; John R. Clark, 1852-56; S. E. 
 Mickey, 1856-60; F. M. Clark, 1860-62; Joseph Moss, 1862; WUl- 
 iam B. Rogers, 1862-64; H. J. Alley, 1864-68; William Speer, 
 1868-72; James D. Dykes, 1872-76; Charles E. Minter, 1876-78; J. 
 M. Alley, 1878-82; Hawley Heriford, 1882-86; J. J. Stanley, 1886. 
 
 The clerks of the circuit courts have been: Green W. Laughlin, 
 appointed in 1845, and died in office in December, 1847; Richard B. 
 Ballev?, elected at a special election on January 5, 1848, and con- 
 tinued in the office until 1864; W. L. Jerome, 1864-66; D. W. King, 
 1866-74; William M. Casteel, 1874-78; J. A. Thompson, 1878-86; 
 Henry C. Miller, 1886. The office of clerk of the county court was 
 combined with that of the circuit court and recorder until 1864. 
 Since that time the clerks have been as follows: Benjamin F. Corn- 
 well, 1864-65; John W. Crawford, 1865-66; Charles H. Stewart, 
 1866-74; D. M. King, 1874-78; James Burrows, 1878-82; James M. 
 Alley, 1882. 
 
 The probate judges have been: Richard B. Ballew, 1849-57; 
 George W. Taylor, 1857-59; John T. Meyers, who filled the office 
 for three months; John G. Ellis, for two months, and Calvin Butler, 
 for eleven months; C. M. Wright, 1862-65; S. H. Ferryman, 1865- 
 68; H. G. Orton, 1868-75; P. Stacey, 1875-79; R. W. Steckman, 
 1879-87; James R. Brown, 1887. 
 
 The office of county treasurer has been filled by the following men : 
 Floyd Shannon, 1846-50; John R. Davis, 1850-52; William J. Gird- 
 ner, 1852-54; Elihu Cleveland, 1854-56; William J. Girdner, 1856-60; 
 J. C. Coon, 1860-62; Israel Fatten, 1862-67; A. R. Patton, 1867-68 ; 
 J. N. Truax, 1868-72; J. H. Shelley, 1872-76; John D. Dykes, 
 1876-80; George W. Wilcox, 1880-84; John Brantley, 1884. 
 
 The assessor of the county from 1845 to 1858 was Samuel Moore. 
 In January, 1858, the county court divided the county into six 
 assessors districts, and appointed an assessor for each. They were 
 John Rockhold, District No. 1 ; Samuel Moore, District No. 2 ; John 
 S. Dunkerson, District No. 3; Jeptha Woods, District No. 4; J. C. 
 Coon, District No. 5, and J. A. C. Thompson, District No. 6. The 
 next year the number of districts was reduced to four, and J. R. Clark, 
 J. M. Sallee, Hem-y Neil and J. M. Stewart were appointed assessors. 
 From that time until the adoption of the township organization the 
 county assessors were as follows: J. S. Dunkerson, 1860-61; John R. 
 Davis, 1862; John Goodrich, 1863-65; John Thogmartin, 1866-69; 
 L. N. Constable, 1870-72. Since the abolition of the township 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 413 
 
 system the assessors have been Thomas Sallee, 1877-80; Hawley 
 Heriford, 1880-82; J. 0. Coon, 1882-86; G. H. Combs, 1886. Prior 
 to 1872 the taxes were collected by the sherifF; at that time J. M. 
 Truax was appointed collector, but the adoption of township organ- 
 ization soon after rendered that officer unnecessary. Since 1887 the 
 county collectors have been as follows: J. H. Shelley, 1877-79; A. 
 R. Patton, 1879-83; James D. Dykes, 1883-87, and J. A. Thompson, 
 1887. 
 
 The County Court. — The county court was at first composed of three 
 ju^stices elected for four years, and it so continued until 1849. By an 
 act approved on March 8, 1849, the county court of Mercer County was 
 made to consist of the justices of the peace in the county or any three 
 of them, and it was provided that the justices should be so allotted for 
 attendance that each one should attend at least one court each year. 
 The part of the above act referring to the county court was submitted 
 to the people for ratification or rejection at the first election for 
 probate judge. The justices of the county court fi'om 1846 to 1849 
 were Robert Magruder, John Rockhold, Asa Campbell and William 
 P. Fitzpatrick, elected in 1848, vice Campbell. The first county 
 court established under the new law met on November 5, 1849, and 
 was composed of the following magistrates: H. B. Gale, president; 
 Joseph Moss, John Logan, Joshua Bowers, William Alley, D. W. 
 Baker and Willis BuitIs. The other magistrates who occupied a 
 seat in the county court at one or more terms during the continuance 
 of this system were John Campbell, William Carter, Anderson 
 Thomas, William P. Fitzpatrick, Thomas Booth, S. H. Porter, W. N. 
 Lindsey, George Moore, R. M. Tatman, Zaehariah Petree, G. W. 
 Clinkinbeard, John Rogers and Benjamin Cornwell. 
 
 In November, 1853, the old system was restored. The justices 
 comprising the court were AUen S. Bryan, president; William Alley 
 and David Butcher, who continued in office for one year. The jus- 
 tices from that time until 1873 were as follows: Joseph Moss, 1854- 
 58; Garrett Gibson, 1854-58; R. M. Tatman, 1854-56; John M. 
 Smith, 1856-58; David Butcher, 1858-62; Hardin Erwin, 1858-60; 
 John Dunkersou, 1858-65; Thomas T. Lewallen, 1860-62; J. G. 
 Ellis, 1862-63; A. O. Nigh, 1863-66; W. H. Herriman, 1863-66; 
 John Snyder, 1865-72; Preston Underwood, 1866-72; Samuel 
 Cooper, 1866-70; C. D. Weddle, 1870-72. In 1873 the number of 
 justices was increased to five, and so continued until 1877. The first 
 court under the law of 1873 convened in June of that year, and was 
 composed of the following men: Samuel S. Lowry, president; A. E. 
 
414 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 Keith, Joseph Moss, Peter Cain and J. H. Thogmartin. Under this 
 system one justice retired each year. In 1874 Jackson Prichard was 
 elected vice Peter Cain; in 1875, J. P. Drake vice A. E. Keith; in 
 1876, John Snyder vice Joseph Moss; in 1877, Allen Sallee vice 
 Jackson Prichard. In 1877 the court composed of three justices was 
 again restored. The members were J. C. W. Lindsey, A. M. Sallee 
 and John Snyder. In 1878 the justices elected were Morris Perry, A. 
 J. Selsor and Allen M. Sallee; in 1880, Morris PeiTy, Richard 
 Brantley and John Thogmartin; in 1882, S. S. Lowry, Allen M. 
 Sallee and Gr. M. Stewart; in 1884, S. S. Lowry, David Speer and 
 John C. Reid;in 1886, S. S. Lowry, John C. Eeid and Clark Deshler. 
 
 COURT PROCEEDINGS and BENCH and BAR. 
 
 First Session of the Circuit Court. — The first circuit court for 
 Meroer County was begun and held at the dwelling house of 
 Joseph Girdner, about three miles north of Princeton, September 
 15, 1845, by Judge James A. Clark. Green Laughlin was the 
 clerk, and William J. Girdner, sheriff. The entire docket con- 
 sisted of seven cases, and the term lasted two days. Four cases 
 were in the civil docket. They were Robert Gardner against E. 
 Sisson &Co. , James S. Lomax against William Hart and William 
 Thrailkill, W. H. & J. D. Hay against Archibald Smith, and A. D. 
 Thorne against Thomas Auberry, all of which were appealed cases. 
 The first jury case tried was that of W. H. & J. D. Hay against 
 Archibald Smith; judgment was rendered for the plaintiff in the sum 
 of $29 for debt, and §4.05 for damages. The jury was composed of 
 Hiram Fisher. Spencer Waddington, Thomas Everett, Royal Williams, 
 D. C. Moore, Lewis Girdner, John Davis, H. B. Gale, John 
 Logan, Israel Nordyke, George Davis and E. Goode. The grand 
 jury at this term was composed of Arkelson Keith, Joseph 
 Prichard, John Craig, Charles B. Gray, James Morgan, Seabert Rhea, 
 Isaac Van Dine, Newton Lindsey, David W. Baker, R. W. Rockhold, 
 Alexander Laughlin, Joab Hobbs, S. B. Campbell, David Mullins, 
 Samuel Prewitt and Thomas Clark. The first indictment was found 
 against George W. Meyers, for keeping a dramshop without license. 
 The only other indictment returned at this term was found against 
 James Kirk for an assault with intent to kill. 
 
 Other Sessions. — The next term of the court was held at the court- 
 house in Princeton, in April, 1846, when the grand jur}- found seven 
 indictments — one for murder. It was found against Benjamin 
 Smothers for killing James Kirk, the man indicted at the previous 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 415 
 
 term for an assault with intent to kill. They were both considered 
 desperate characters, but were, nevertheless, good friends. They had 
 been drinking in one of the many dramshops in Princeton, and in a 
 quarrel which ensued Smothers struck Kirk iipon the head with a rock, 
 killing him almost instantly. Smothers made good his escape, but 
 was captured the next day by Joseph Moss, John R. Davis, and one or 
 two others. He was found at Thomas Auberry's on Thompson River 
 near where he lived. He resisted arrest, and was assisted by Auberry, 
 but was finally overpowered, and taken to the house of Mr. Moss where 
 he was kept over night. He was then taken to Princeton, and as no 
 jail had then been built, a heavy log chain was fastened to one foot, 
 and a guard placed over him. A few nights later the guard having 
 fallen asleep he slipped away, procured an ax, cut the chain from 
 his foot and fled. He was never recaptured biit was afterward seen in 
 Indiana. Auberry, with whom Smothers sought refuge, was a lawyer 
 of rather unsavory reputation. He resided on Thomj^son's River 
 where he carried on an illicit liquor trade with the Indians, and his 
 premises became a kind of rendezvous for horse thieves and other 
 malefactors whom he shielded fi'om arrest if possible. When, how- 
 ever, they were so unfortunate as to fall into the hands of the law he 
 defended them in the courts. Such a character would now scarcely be 
 recognized in the courts in any other position than as a candidate for 
 the jail or penitentiary, but in the record of the August term, 1841, of 
 the Grundy County circuit court, is the following entry: Amos Reese 
 and Phillip L. Edwards, appointed to examine Thomas N. Auberi'y as 
 to his qualifications as a lawyer, and to report to the coiui, report him 
 well qualified, whereupon the judge of the court proceeded to license 
 him as an attorney and counselor at law. Auberry remained in the 
 county until the ' ' gold fever ' ' broke out in 1818, when he went to 
 California. 
 
 The community on Thompson River during the early settlement 
 of the county contained many other bad characters. Among them 
 were Granville Fortner and his brother. They built a cabin on the 
 banks of the river, and engaged in selling whisky to the Indians, who 
 frequented the place in large numbers. Fights and rows were of com- 
 mon occurrence, but the brothers were generally able to quell the 
 disturbances without serious difficulty. At last, however, an Indian 
 was killed by one of them during a melee, the remaining Indians took 
 both brothers prisoners, and carried them to camp with the expressed 
 determination of killing them. Friends of the young men learning of 
 their danger hastened to the Indian camp, and upon promise that 
 
416 HISTORY OF MEECEB COUNTY. 
 
 they should answer for their crime in the courts, succeeded in rescuing 
 them. They were indicted in the circuit court of Grundy County, but 
 by some means they managed to escape from the country, and the case 
 never came to trial. 
 
 During the decade of the "forties" the law-abiding people of the 
 county were greatly annoyed by horse thieves, and as it was found diffi- 
 cult to bring these ofPenders to justice in the courts, a vigilance committee 
 composed of some seventy or eighty men was organized. This com- 
 mittee held its meetings at the house of William Miller, and afterward 
 at Dr. Mangels, west of Princeton a short distance. When a person 
 was suspected of stealing horses, or harboring horse thieves, he was 
 notified by the committee to leave the county, and as the number and 
 strength of the vigilants was well known, a second warning was scarcely 
 ever required. 
 
 The first persons sentenced to the penitentiary by the circuit court 
 of Mercer County were Simon T. Taylor and John HUl, both of whom 
 received a two years' sentence. The former was brought to Princeton 
 on a change of venue from Sullivan County, and tried and convicted 
 of horse stealing. John Hill stole a bowie-knife, valued at $15, from 
 Benjamin Duncan, and was convicted of grand larceny. 
 
 The most common ofPense for which indictments were found dur- 
 ing the early history of this court was that of card playing. At the 
 October term, in 1848, nine indictments were returned, and at the 
 next two terms the number was increased to sixteen and twenty-eight, 
 respectively. 
 
 The second indictment for murder in Mercer County was found 
 in 1865 against Margaret J. Williams for the killing of her child, a 
 young babe; she was a weak-minded creatiu:e, and had no friends, and 
 her case was not strongly defended. She was convicted of murder in 
 the second degree, and sentenced to ten years in the penitentiary. 
 
 The Mullinax Case . — A case which excited deep interest through- 
 out the county was that of the State vs. John W. Crawford, for the 
 murder of Dr. P. E. Mullinax, of Pleasant Plains, Iowa. Dr. Mulli- 
 nax was murdered on the night of the 6th of April, 1866, in Lindley 
 Township, while returning home from a dancing party, held at the 
 house of WUliam Waldron. His body was found the next morning ly- 
 ing near the road with a bullet hole through the head, and another 
 through the chest. Upon investigation circumstances seemed to 
 point to John W. Crawford and his brothers, James and Jasper, as 
 the murderers. They were arrested, and upon a preliminary ex- 
 amination before a justice of the peace the first named was bound 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 417 
 
 over to the circuit court, but the evidence against the others was not 
 deemed sufficient to hold them, and they were discharged. At the next 
 term of the court, in September, an indictment was returned against 
 John Crawford for murder in the first degree, and he was ordered into 
 the custody of the sheriff. The case was set for hearing at a special 
 term of the court, in December following, and Silas Woodson was ap- 
 pointed to assist the circuit attorney in the prosecution, while J. H. 
 Shanklin, of Trenton, was employed as chief counsel for the defense. 
 The case came up at the appointed time, and a jury di'awn composed 
 of the following men: William Dodson, Leander Laughlin, J. R. Hill, 
 R. G. Miller, William Brantley, P. M. Hill, Joseph Smith, Marcellus 
 Renfro, William Keith, Moses Powell, Preston Young and S. H. Ham. 
 After the trial had been in progress for two days, the prosecution asked 
 for a stay of proceedings, and a continuance until the next term of 
 court. This was denied, whereupon they surrendered the case, and 
 the jury, in accordance with instructions from the bench, brought in 
 a verdict of not guilty. The evidence against Crawford Was wholly 
 circumstantial, but it was so strong that in the public mind there was 
 little doubt of his guilt. Some of the principal facts brought out in 
 the trial were as follows: On the day before the party mentioned 
 above he sent a note to Dr. Mullinax, ui-ging him very strongly to 
 attend. The Doctor attended the party, where he remained until 
 about 11 o'clock. Soon after he started for home the absence of 
 John Crawford from the party was noticed. In about an hour, how- 
 ever, Mr. Crawford returned, and a little later, accompanied by his 
 brothers, went home. Uj)on the discovery of the body of the mur- 
 dered man the next morning, the hat of the deceased, and another, 
 supposed to have belonged to Crawford, were found upon the ground, 
 near by. These, with many other corroborating circumstances, tended 
 to confirm the popular belief that Dr. Mullinax met his death at the 
 hands of John Crawford, but it is possible he was entirely innocent of 
 the deed. Those who believed the accused man guilty found a motive 
 for the crime in the alleged fact that he had employed the professional 
 services of Dr. Mullinax to save himself and a young lady, with whom 
 he had been too intimate, from disgrace, and that he thought the 
 Doctor had betrayed the confidence reposed in him. 
 
 The Clyder Case. — A short time prior to the killing of Dr. Mulli- 
 nax, a German, named George Clyder, is supposed to have been mur- 
 dered in Marion Township by a countryman of his, named W. H. 
 Hooyman. The deed was believed to have been done on February 
 25,1866, and if any murder was committed, the body was burned to 
 prevent the detection of the crime. 
 
418 HISTORY OF MEBCEB COUNTY. 
 
 Clyder was a man of some property, and lived alone. He sud- 
 denly disappeared, and soon after Hooyman attempted to negotiate 
 a note previously held by Clyder, asserting that it had been transferred 
 to him by the latter, who had left, the country. Suspicion was at once 
 aroused against Hooyman. He was arrested, and Clyder' s pipe and 
 knife were found in his possession. Search was then made for the 
 body of the murdered man, biit nothing could be discovered except 
 some charred bones in the fireplace of the house where he had lived. 
 Hooyman was indicted for the murder at the next term of the circuit 
 court, but obtained a change of venue to Grundy County, where, 
 upon trial, he was acquitted. Conviction was prevented by the fact 
 that the remains found in the fireplace could not be identified as those 
 of a human being, but it was generally believed that the defendant was 
 guilty of the murder of George Clyder. 
 
 Killing of Frank Cox. — The next homicide which occurred in the 
 county was the killing of Frank Cos in Lindley Township, on No- 
 vember 25, 1869. For this crime Frank Brogan and Patrick and 
 William Dykes were indicted by the grand jury. The trials were 
 postponed from term to term until 1873. Meanwhile William Dykes 
 died, and a nolle prosequi was entered in his case at the March term 
 of that year. Patrick Dykes was found guilty of murder in the sec- 
 ond degree, and his punishment was fixed at ten years in the peni- 
 tentiary. He secured a new trial, and at the November term, 1873, he 
 was acquitted. At the same term Frank Brogan was granted a change 
 . of venue to Harrison County, and upon trial was finally acquitted. 
 The Halleck Case. — One of the blackest crimes in the criminal record 
 of Mercer County was committed by Joseph P. Hamilton, a boy only 
 about nineteen years old. During the summer of 1872 he was employed 
 by Elisha Halleck, who resided a few miles east of Princeton. While 
 a member of Halleck' s household he was guilty of unlawful relations 
 with the latter" s wife. Finding Mr. Halleck' s presence an obstacle to 
 the indulgence of their plans, they conceived the plan of putting him out 
 of the way. Once or twice everything was arranged to accomplish this 
 object, but something occurred each time to frustrate their designs. 
 However, the deed was at last done. Halleck and Hamilton had been 
 hauling hay and had just completed their work. Halleck sat down upon 
 the wagon to rest and while in that position was shot in the back by Ham- 
 ilton. Mrs. Halleck was conveniently absent gathering blackberries, 
 and there was no witness to the crime. 
 
 Hamilton and Mrs. Halleck were both arrested. The former 
 obtained a change of venue to Harrison County, where he was tried, 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 419 
 
 and convicted of murder in the tirst degree. An appeal was taken to 
 the supreme court, but that tribunal refused to interfere with the sen- 
 tence of the lower court, and he was duly executed. Before his execution 
 he made a full confession of the crime. He was ably defended by 
 Col. J. H. Shanklin, of Trenton, and Capt. H. J. Alley, and S. H. 
 Ferryman, of Princeton. Mrs. Halleck obtained a change of venue 
 to Putnam County, but before her case came up for hearing she was 
 bereaved of a child, and her health became so broken as to preclude 
 the possibility of recovery. These circumstances aroused much sym- 
 pathy in her behalf, and she was acquitted, but died soon after. 
 
 The Raines Case. — Another case which excited deep interest 
 throughout the county was that of the State vs. Joseph Thompson, 
 Jack Thompson and Jerome Prichard, for the killing of an old man 
 named Thomas Raines. The murder was a most brutal one. Mrs. 
 Raines bore the reputation of a woman of somewhat questionable vir- 
 tue, and another woman of much the same character was visiting 
 or boarding with the family. Upon the night of the murder 
 the defendants, all of whom had been drinking, started for the 
 Raines' house, to call upon Mrs. Raines and her friend. Jack 
 Thompson was sent in advance of the others to reconnoiter, and to 
 deooy the old man from the house. He entered the humble apart- 
 ments of the family, but was at once ordered to leave by Mr. Raines, 
 who, to enforce his command, grasjaed a stick of stove-wood which lay 
 beside the stove. At that instant a pistol was discharged and the old 
 man fell dead. The defendants attempted to escape, but were all 
 finally captured. Joseph Thompson was tried first and acquitted, all 
 the witnesses having testified that the shot which killed Raines was 
 fired by Jack Thompson. The next trial was that of Prichard, who 
 was also acquitted. Lastly Jack Thompson was arraigned, found 
 guilty, and sentenced to ten years in the penitentiary. Since one of 
 the jurymen had been heard to express an opinion as to the guilt of 
 the defendant before the trial, a new hearing was granted. Meantime 
 Joseph Thompson confessed to have killed Raines himself. He stated 
 that he had come to Raines' door behind his brother, and when the 
 old man grasped the stove-wood, he reached around Jack and fired the 
 fatal shot. The witnesses to the crime in the excitement of the mo- 
 ment had failed to see him, and consequently thought that the pistol 
 was in Jack's hand. These facts having become known, upon the 
 second trial Jack Thompson was acquitted, and thris through a com- 
 bination of circumstances, a complete failui-e of justice resulted. The 
 attorneys for the defendants were Capt. H. J. Alley and C. M. 
 
420 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 Wright. The prosecution was conducted by S. H. Ferryman and H. 
 G. Orton. 
 
 The Chipps Homicide occurred on the night of August 7, 1875, at 
 the village of Half Rock. James Chipps and Joseph Willis, the latter 
 a resident of Clay County, had been drinking whisky and playing cards, 
 and became involved ia a quarrel in which 'Willis stabbed Chipps, 
 who died almost immediately. Willis was arrested, and an indict- 
 ment was found against him by the grand jury of Mercer County, 
 for murder. He obtained a change of venue to Grundy County, where 
 he was tried, convicted of manslaughter, and his punishment fixed at 
 fourteen years in the penitentiary. He succeeded in obtaining a new 
 trial, however, and was acquitted. He returned to Clay County, 
 where he was subsequently killed. He was called from his home one 
 night, and when only a few steps from his door, he received a charge 
 of buckshot in his body, killing him instantly. Who the assassin was 
 was never discovered, but it was thought to have been some friend 
 of James Chipps, who took that method of avenging his death. 
 
 The Killing of Davis. — What appears to have been a brutal and 
 entirely unprovoked murder, was committed in ' Princeton Novem- 
 ber 12, 1880. The victim was E. AV. Davis, a laborer on the railroad, 
 and a man about fifty years of age. He was a quiet and inoffensive 
 person, and was not known to have an enemy. He had just stepped 
 from the door of a meat market when he was struck upon the head 
 with a heavy stick. He fell back into the building, and was soon dead. 
 Persons who were passing along the street at that moment saw a man 
 running away from the scene of the murder, and, from his appearance 
 and gait, they thought it to be Alexander Mulvaney. He was arrested 
 indicted for murder, tried and acquitted, and is now a resident of the 
 county. 
 
 The Homicide of Graves. — The last homicide in Mercer County was 
 committed September 9, 1887, by Elisha Wilson iipon J. F. Graves. 
 The two men lived in Harrison Township, and some months previous 
 had had a misunderstanding which culminated in a lawsuit. On the 
 date mentioned, Wilson, who was road overseer, had a number of 
 men working the road along the premises of Mr. Graves. In the 
 evening Graves had occasion to pass out into the road. When he 
 came to the gate, opening from his premises to the public highway, he 
 found that Wilson had caused a ditch to be cut on his side of the road, 
 so deep that he was compelled to get ofP of his wagon, and slope down 
 the sides of the bank to enable him to cross. While engaged in this 
 work, Wilson came up, and, during an altercation that ensued, struck 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 421 
 
 Graves upon the head with a hoe handle. Their neighbors then suc- 
 ceeded in separating them, and the latter mounted his wagon and drove 
 a considerable distance toward Gainesville, but becoming too weak to 
 proceed farther, he was taken to his home, where he died in a few hours. 
 The next day Wilson went to Princeton, and suiTendered himself to 
 the officers of the law. Pending a preliminary examination, and the 
 coroner's inquest, he was admitted to bail. Great excitement pre- 
 vailed in the neighborhood where the tragedy occurred, and as soon 
 as the friends of the dead man learned that Wilson had been admitted 
 to bail, a number of them went to Princeton, and demanded of the 
 officers that he be taken into custody and remanded to jail, intimating 
 that should their demands be ignored, summary justice would be 
 meted out to the accused. He was therefore returned to jail. Circuit 
 coui't convened on the following Monday, and the grand jury em- 
 paneled at once, began an investigation, which resulted in the finding 
 of a bill of indictment against Wilson for murder in the first degree. 
 The trial was postponed until the next term of court, and the prisoner 
 is now in jail. His attorneys are Messrs. H. J. Alley and M. F. Robin- 
 son. 
 
 The Bench. — Mercer County was at first attached to the eleventh 
 judicial circuit, which also included the counties of Chariton, Grun- 
 dy, Putnam, Linn, Sullivan and Livingston. The jiidge of this 
 circuit, from the organization of the county until the beginning of 
 the Civil War, was a resident of Chariton County, the uncle of 
 Gen. John B. Clark. He was a large, jovial man, and in intelli- 
 gence and education was rather above the average pioneer judge. 
 His successor was Jacob Smith, of Linn County. He presided at but 
 a few terms of the court, and in 1864 was succeeded by Judge R. A. 
 De Bolt, of Trenton, Grundy County. He was a well-read lawj-er, 
 and an able jurist, but was unconsciously inclined to be somewhat 
 of a partisan on the bench. His successor, G. D. Burgess, the pres- 
 ent judge of the circuit, was elected in 1875, and althoi;gh a Demo- 
 crat in a strongly Republican circuit, he has been successively re- 
 elected. His decisions are rarely reversed, and he is recognized as 
 one of the best circuit judges in Missouri. 
 
 The Bar. — The first circuit attorney was Westley Halliburton, who, 
 soon after the organization of the courts in Mercer, was succeeded by 
 John C. Griffin, then a resident of Grundy County. He was one of 
 the earliest pioneers of Mercer County, a farmer, and country "store- 
 keeper. ' ' He soon abandoned those occupations, however, and sought 
 the more congenial profession of law. He rose rapidly, and very soon 
 
422 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 was elected to the office of circuit attorney, a position he held for 
 many years. He was a whole-souled, companionable man, somewhat 
 convivial in his habits. He was a very good lawyer, but did not pay 
 sufficient attention to details to achieve the highest success. 
 
 The first resident attorneys in Mercer County were Jesse Newlin, 
 Thomas Auberry, and George T. Prichard. The first named came to 
 the county in 1839, and two years later was admitted to practice in 
 the courts of Grundy County. He had formerly been a justice of 
 the peace in Livingston County, and had thus picked up some law, 
 and had become familiar with its forms. His knowledge was very lim- 
 ited, however, and his practice was confined chiefly to justices' courts. 
 
 George T. Prichard was the son of Joseph Prichard, and brother of 
 Jackson Prichard, with whom he came to the county. He was a good 
 lawyer, and an excellent citizen. He was exceedingly fond of a joke, 
 and was withal of a pleasing disposition. He was a Whig in poli- 
 tics, and served one term in the Lower House of the General Assembly. 
 He died during the late war. 
 
 James J. Clark, a contemporary of Prichard, was one of the ablest 
 lawyers in Princeton prior to the war. He was a good speaker, and 
 ranked high as an advocate. He removed from the county during the 
 war, and is now a resident of Chillicothe. He has served one or 
 more terms on the bench of the circuit court. 
 
 C. M. Wright was a partner of Clark from about 1857 until the 
 latter left the county. He was a good lawyer, and for more than 
 twenty-five years was a leading member of the Princeton bar. He 
 was a large man, of somewhat coarse fiber, but of great force of char- 
 acter, and unquestioned integrity. He filled the office of circuit attorney 
 from 1865 to 1869, and was also twice elected prosecuting attorney. 
 He died suddenly in 1884. 
 
 Calvin Butler, Jesse P. Clark and L. W. Carmeens were all young 
 attorneys, who were located at Princeton for a short time before or 
 just after the war, but did not remain long enough to gain a repu- 
 tation. 
 
 Of the present bar, the oldest members are Messrs. Ira B. Hyde 
 and H. G. Orton. They were comrades during the Civil War, and at 
 its close came to Princeton, and formed the partnership which still 
 exists. They both rank high in the profession. Mr. Hyde is recog- 
 nized as one of the ablest lawyers in Northern Blispouri, but for the 
 past few years has withdrawn somewhat from active practice. He 
 was a member of the XLIII Congress, where he exhibited the 
 same ability and energy that have characterized him in other positions. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 423 
 
 Mr. Orton is a man of indomitable energy and will, and the possessor 
 of fine legal attainments. He filled the office of probate judge from 
 1868 to 1875, and is now serving his second term as prosecuting at- 
 torney. In the latter position he is a terror to evil-doers, by whom he 
 is most heartily disliked. Sociably he is an affable and accommodat- 
 ing gentleman. 
 
 The next oldest member of the Princeton bar is Capt. H. J. Alley, 
 ■whose reputation is that of one of the shrewdest and most successful 
 criminal lawyers in the State. He studied law without a preceptor 
 while occupying the office of sheriff, and when admitted to the bar 
 rapidly gained a reputation as an advocate. He filled the office of 
 circuit attorney for a short time, beginning in 1874, but its duties 
 were not suited to his tastes. 
 
 M. F. Robinson was admitted to the bar in 1879. He studied law 
 with Judge Wright, and became his partner when he began the 
 practice. He is considered a sound lawyer, and is steadily gaining in 
 reputation. E. W. Steckman, who for eight years filled the office of 
 probate judge, is also a prominent member of the Princeton bar. 
 
 TOWNS OF THE COUNTY. 
 Princeton. — Its Origin and Early Growth. — The town of Prince- 
 ton was laid out in the spring of 1846, and named in memory of 
 the battle in which Gen. Mercer was killed. The commissioners 
 appointed to locate the seat of ji;stice for Mercer County fixed 
 upon a site about three miles east of the present town, but as 
 many objections were urged against that place, mainly the lack 
 of water, the county court through commissioners appointed by 
 itself established the present seat of justice. This irregularity in 
 locating the town was legalized by a special act of the Legisla- 
 ture. The site chosen consisted of the east half of the south- 
 east quarter of Section 27, in Township 65 of Range 24. A claim had 
 been laid and some improvements made upon this land by Samuel 
 Speer. This claim was purchased and the land entered by the 
 county seat commissioner, Joseph Prichard, who received a patent 
 for it, dated August 1, 1848, and signed by James K. Polk. The 
 town was laid off by Spartan F. Rhea, and the first sale of lots took 
 place on April 6, 1846. The purchasers at this sale were David 
 Miller, Garrett Gibson, Alfi-ed Rhodes, Samuel Prewitt, Samuel G. 
 Logan, John Campbell, Joseph Prewitt, James Morgan, John Munn, 
 William Nordyke, William Kelsey, John R. Davis, W. D. Alley, 
 Floyd Shannon, Israel Nordyke, William Miller, Alexander Campbell, 
 
424 HISTORY OF MERCEB COUNTY. 
 
 Simon Adamsoa and Jesse Adamson. Twenty-two lots were sold at 
 an aggregate of 1393. 53. The highest price paid for a single lot was 
 $35. 50 and the lowest SIO. Another sale took place on June 1 fol- 
 lowing, at which time twenty-three more lots were sold for $303. 80. 
 The purchasers were Solomon Tollerday, Alexander Anderson, Eli D. 
 Murphy, James Bradley, John H. Covey, Simeon Colyer, Spartan F 
 Rhea, E. A. Kelsey, John Lambert, Samuel Moore, Alfred Rhodes, 
 William Ellis, Robert McFaren, Abial Miles, Jackson Prichard, Joseph 
 Prichard and William Wood. The improvements which had been made 
 by Samuel Speer consisted of a blacksmith shop, which stood near 
 where the courthouse now is, a small dwelling and a stable. The 
 shop was obtained by John R. Davis who fitted it up for a hotel, and 
 there for two or three years he entertained travelers and attendants 
 upon the courts. He also obtained the first license issued by the 
 county court for a dramshop. 
 
 Business Men. — The first storehouse was built by Floyd Shannon 
 immediately after the town was laid out. It was a small log building, 
 and stood where Dr. Buren's drug store now is. At about the same 
 time William Wesley built a similar house on the lot about the middle 
 of the block on the west side of the public square. This was occupied 
 by R. B. Ballew with a stock of goods brought from Camden, Mo. 
 Both of these stores were small affairs, the stocks embracing only the 
 few staple articles required by the pioneers. But little cash was then 
 used in trade, and the purchaser generally paid for goods in skins, 
 furs, meat or other produce. Brunswick was at first the nearest ship- 
 ping place, but after the completion of the Hannibal & St. Joseph 
 Railroad, Chillicothe became the chief trading point for this section. 
 In 1848 John C. McClelland arrived in Princeton, and began business 
 in a new log house on the southeast corner of the public square. It 
 is said that he began with only $5 capital and that he borrowed of his 
 wife. He continued in business for many years, and became one of 
 the most prosperous merchants in the town. The first merchant who 
 tarried anything like an extensive stock of goods was Elihu Cleveland 
 who occupied a frame buUding on the site of Dr. Fullerton's drug 
 store. As he had previously become bankrupt, he conducted the busi- 
 ness in the name of his brother-in-law, W. H. Switzler. 
 
 Among the other merchants of Princeton prior to 1860 were A. 
 Sulzbacher, A. M. Clements, Davis & Girdner (John R. Davis and 
 William J. Girdner), V. B. Buck & Co., Moitow & Alfrey, McClel- 
 land & Mullinax (John C. McClelland and Eli Mullinax), and John C. 
 W. Lindsey. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 425 
 
 In the earlier history of the town dramshops were institutions of 
 considerable importance. The first dramshop keepers were John R. 
 Davis, James Blizzard and Solomon Tollerday. They did a thriving 
 business especially on election days. A story, illustrative of the habits 
 and of the rough humor of those times, is told of an occurrence during 
 the election in August, 1846. Tollerday in addition to his liquor kept 
 a few sacks of salt, which he retailed to customers. A certain citizen 
 of the town, himself comfortably filled with corn juice, entered Toller- 
 day's shop, and seeing some half dozen men lying on the floor "dead 
 dnink ' ' remarked to the proprietor in a tone of rebuke : ' ' Tollerday 
 your bacon will spile if you leave it lying around such a hot day 
 without any salt on it, I'll salt it down for you." Suiting the action 
 to the word, he di-agged one of the men up against the wall, and tak- 
 ing some salt from an open sack, proceeded to salt him down. He 
 then laid another man on top of the first, and put on another layer of 
 salt. He continued until he had them all "salted down," and then 
 departed, remarking, ' ' I reckon that thar bacon will keep now. ' ' 
 
 The first physician to locate in Princeton was Dr. J. B. Bell. He 
 was followed soon after by Dr. Roberts, and Dr. Andrew Woolsey. 
 Dr. Turner was also engaged in the practice of medicine in Princeton 
 prior to the war. At the close of the Civil War, in 1865, the business 
 portion of Princeton consisted of a fringe of small frame buildings 
 aroTind the public square, not one of which was worth more than $500. 
 The only brick building was the courthouse. The trade of the lown 
 was limited to a comparatively small area, as Princeton was then far- 
 ther from a railroad than any other town in Northern Missouri. The 
 merchants of Princeton dui-ing the ' ' sixties ' ' were W. J. Girdner, 
 David Eberhard, Eli Mullinax and John C. W. Lindsey, dealers in 
 dry goods; Israel Patton & Co., grocers; Orlando Miller, stoves and 
 tinware; and Dr. T. M. FuUerton, Dr. H. A. Brown and Dr. Smith, 
 druggists. Upon the completion of the railroad, Princeton received 
 a new impetus, and from that time has steadily grown in popvilation 
 and wealth. The territory tributary to the town has been greatly en- 
 larged, and trade has increased in proportion. The old frame build- 
 ings have been replaced by elegant brick blocks, equal to those of any 
 town of its size in the State. 
 
 Present Business Interests . — The business interests of the town at 
 the present time are represented by the following individuals and 
 firms : Lindsey Bros. , extensive dealers in general merchandise, suc- 
 ceeded to the business of their father, John C. W. Lindsey, in 1881. 
 
 »7 
 
426 HISTORY OF MEROEB COUNTY. 
 
 They carry a large stock of goods, and have good trade from all parts 
 of the county. 
 
 Eli Mullinax, also a dealer in general merchandise, is the oldest 
 merchant now in the county, having been in business since 1855. He 
 carries one of the largest stocks of goods in Princeton, and has an ex- 
 cellent trade. 
 
 The lirm of Hill & Buren, composed of J. R. Hill and W. F. 
 Buren, do an extensive business in general merchandise. Mr. Hill 
 began business as a member of the firm of Patton, Hill & Co., in 
 1876. In 1878 the name of the firm was changed to Gii-dner & Hill, 
 and in 1881 to Hill & Brantley. The present partnership was formed 
 in 1884. They occupy one room of the new Bui-en Block, which was 
 erected in 1885. 
 
 John C. Casteel, one of the largest dealers in general merchandise, 
 began business soon after the war, and, as a member of various finns, 
 continued until 1887, since which time he has had no partner. He is 
 well and favorably known throughout the county, and consequently 
 controls a good trade. 
 
 W. E. Cockrell has been engaged in the general mercantile business 
 in Princeton for the past six years. He occupies a room in the large 
 brick block owned by Jackson Prichard, at the southeast corner of 
 the public square. He carries a well-selected stock of goods, and 
 enjoys a fair share of the trade of the town. 
 
 S. H. Kesterson, who occupies a room in the elegant brick block 
 owned by Capt. H. J. Alley, on the west side of the public square, 
 began business in 1882 in partnership with Ed. Evans, as dealers in 
 groceries and confections. Afterward he became associated with 
 J. C. Casteel in the business in which he is now engaged, but the 
 copartnership lasted only a short time. 
 
 Don Cain, dealer in gents' furnishing goods, boots, shoes, etc., 
 completes the list in this branch of mercantile trade. He began 
 business as a member of the firm of Cain & Casteel, with whom he 
 continued until the fire of 1885. Since that time he has conducted 
 an individual business at his present location. 
 
 Three fii-ms are extensively engaged in the grocery and provision 
 business. Edward B. Bailey began business in this line in 1883. 
 He occupies a large storeroom on the west side of the public square, 
 where he carries one of the largest and best selected stocks of grocer- 
 ies and provisions to be found in a town of equal size in the State. 
 
 Wilcox & Loe (G. W. Wilcox and W. A. Loe) began business in 
 1887, in a room in the Buren block. They are affable and accom- 
 modating gentleman, and have already obtained a good trade. 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 427 
 
 W. F. Holt began business in October, 1885, in partnership with 
 Ed. Evans, with whom he was associated until April, 1887. He occu- 
 pies the new brick building erected on the north side of the public square, 
 in 1885. 
 
 Thomas Woodward, whose store is located not far- from the rail- 
 road, completes the list of grocers. 
 
 In the drug line the town is well represented. One of the largest 
 establishments is conducted by Dr. W. F. Buren, who began business 
 in 1876. He has an extensive retail trade, and does some jobbing 
 business. His store occupies one room in a large brick block, which 
 he owns, on the north side of the public square. The oldest druggist 
 in the town is Dr. T. M. Fulleiion, who came to Princeton and en- 
 gaged in the business in 1864. He occupies his own building, which 
 stands at the northeast corner of the public square. 
 
 Wynne & Thompson began business in 1885. They carry one of 
 the largest stocks in the town, and control a good proportion of the 
 trade. 
 
 G. O. Goodrich also does a good business in drugs. The most 
 extensive dealers in hardware and machinei-y are William and David 
 Speer, who began business in Princeton in 1871. They are excellent 
 business men, and have built up a large trade. 
 
 H. C. Bowsher, who engaged in the grain business in 1879 with 
 Henry Cadle, has since added a general line of hardware and agricult- 
 ural implements. Since 1884 Mr. Bowsher has been the sole pro- 
 prietor. 
 
 Wagons and agricultural implements are also handled by H. R. 
 Fuller, and hardware and tinware by John Ashcroft. 
 
 The only dealer in harness and saddlery in Princeton is P. C. Mc- 
 Donald, who has been engaged in the business since 1874. He car- 
 ries a very large stock, and also manufactures extensively. 
 
 In watches and jewelry, the dealers are F. H. McDougal and E. 
 Dengs. The former began business in 1883. 
 
 The lumber business is represented by W. B. Ballew, T. W. Bal- 
 lew and — Shaw. 
 
 In addition to the above mercantile interests the town has four 
 hotels and two liveiy stables. The hotels are generally well kept, 
 but there is great need of a better building for this purpose. Those 
 now in existence are the Princeton House, James Daly, proprietor; 
 the Dobbins House, Mr. Dobbins, proprietor ; Frost Hotel, Jack Frost, 
 proprietor, and the American House. The leading liveiy stable is 
 owned and managed by Rush Bowsher, who has been engaged in the 
 business for many years. 
 
428 HISTORY OF MERCEK COUNTY. 
 
 Manufacturing Establishments. — Of the manufactm-ing and in- 
 dustrial enterprises of the town the most important is the Prince- 
 ton flouring mill. It is situated on Grand River about three- 
 fourths of a mile west of town, and was built several years ago 
 by John Clark & Son, and was afterward owned by B. Brooks 
 and A. Mardis, successively. In February, 1878, it was purchased 
 by the present proprietor, J. P. Anderson, who built a new dam, 
 remodeled the mill, pilt in more machinery, and added a saw 
 mill. He obtained a large patronage, and made the enterprise a 
 success, a thing his predecessors had failed to accomplish. He continued 
 to run the floiu-ing-mill with buhrs, until the fall of 1887, when he 
 replaced them with the latest improved machinery for the roller 
 process. The mill now gives employment to six men, and runs six 
 sets of rolls with a capacity of forty barrels per day. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. Anderson erected a small woolen mill just north of the 
 public square. It contains only four looms, and is run but a portion 
 of the year, a lack of a sufficient water supply rendering its constant 
 operation impossible. The products of the mill, consisting of flannels, 
 blankets, yarns, etc. , are sold mainly to local customers. The mill is 
 under the supervision of Mr. R. A. McCartney. 
 
 Another enterprise of great importance to the farmers of the county 
 is the Speer Creamery, which was established by Speer Bros, in 1881, 
 and operated by them until 1886, when it was leased by the present 
 manager, Mr. W. W. Hampshire. It has proven of great value to 
 the county, and its business has steadily increased. In 1882 over 
 $10,000 were paid for cream, from which was made about 60,000 
 pounds of butter. In 1886 the amount of butter manufactured had 
 increased to over 150,000 pounds. 
 
 The remaining manufactories of Princeton consist of two black- 
 smith and wagon shops, conducted by L. R. Fuller and his son, H. 
 R. Fuller, respectively. The former engaged in the business in 1863, 
 and the latter in 1881. 
 
 Banking. — The Mercer County Bank, the first banking institution 
 in the county, was organized January 10, 1873, with a paid-up cap- 
 ital of $25,000, and an authorized capital stock of $1,000,000. It be- 
 gan business on June Ist of the same year with William Bradley, 
 of Centerville, Iowa, as president; R. B. Ballew, vice-president; 
 William Speer, cashier and W. B. Ballew, Eli Mullinax, D. M. King, 
 Ira B. Hyde, Joseph Webb, J. C. W. Lindsey, Jackson Prichard, 
 Henry Cadle and H. Gr. Orton, directors. Subsequently Ira B. Hyde 
 was chosen president, and Jackson Prichard, vice-president, William 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 429 
 
 Speer being retained as cashier. The enterprise was carefully man- 
 aged, and proved a success from the first. In addition to a consider- 
 able dividend paid the surplus in 1878 amounted to over $25,000, 
 and at a meeting of the directors on May 15, of that year, it was 
 decided to reduce the nominal capital to $50,000, and to transfer the 
 $25,000 surplus to the capital stock, making the latter $50,000, and 
 all paid up. The bank was operated on the new basis until May, 
 1879, when it was decided to reduce the paid up capital to the origi- 
 nal amount. To do this a new bank, the Bank of Princeton, was 
 organized with the same stockholders and officers as the Mercer County 
 Bank, and to it were transferred all the assets and liabilities of the 
 old institution which was then dissolved. The Bank of Princeton, like 
 its predecessor, has been judiciously managed, and it continues to 
 enjoy the confidence of the business community. The following state 
 ment of its financial condition was made on August 31, 1887: 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Loans undoubtedly good on personal or collateral se- 
 curity 171,579 72 
 
 Loans and discounts undoubtedly good on real es- 
 tate security 3,813 00 
 
 Over drafts by solvent creditors 678 31 
 
 United States bonds on band 000 00 
 
 Otber bonds and stocks at tbeir present cash market 
 
 price 1,000 00 
 
 Due from other banks 33,787 23 
 
 Realestate 4,83187 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 1,.555 50 
 
 Checks and other cash items 3,616 33 
 
 Bills of national banks and legal tender notes 3,144 00 
 
 Gold coin 6,010 00 
 
 Silver coin 513 35 
 
 $138,528 09 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital Stock paid in $35,000 00 
 
 Surplus fund on hand 3,750 00 
 
 Undivided declared dividends 749 79 
 
 Deposits subject to draft at sight 67,846 07 
 
 Deposits subject to draft at a given date 31, 183 33 
 
 Bills payable 000 00 
 
 Due other banks and bankers 000 00 
 
 Expenses now due 000 00 
 
 $128,528 09 
 The present officers are William Speer, president; David Speer, 
 cashier and ClifFord Speer, David Speer, William Speer, H. G. Orton, 
 Eli Mullinax, Jackson Prichard and John Boland, directors. 
 
430 HISTOBY OF MERCEK COUNTY. 
 
 In September, 1886, the Bank of Mercer County was organized 
 with a capital stock of §20,000, and with the following officers: Ira 
 B. Hyde, president; Charles E. Minter, vice-president; H. G. Orton, 
 qashier and secretaiy, and Ira B. Hyde, Charles E. Miater, H. G. 
 Orton, W. F. Buren, J. T. Cook and W. "W. Judson, directors. 
 Messrs. Hyde and Orton are men of unquestioned integrity, and good 
 financiers, and their associates are among the best business men of 
 the county. That the institution is a success is manifest from the 
 following statement of its financial condition on August 31, 1887: 
 
 RESOtJKCES. 
 
 Loans undoubtedly good on personal or collateral se- 
 curity $33,266 21 
 
 Loans and discounts undoubtedly good on real estate 
 
 security 945 00 
 
 Over drafts by solvent creditors 474 31 
 
 United States bonds on hand 000 00 
 
 Other bonds and stocljs at their present cash market 
 
 price 000 00 
 
 Due from other banks good on sight drafts 10,768 96 
 
 Real estate 000 00 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 1,500 00 
 
 Checks and other cash items l,5f>3 59 
 
 Bills of national banks and legal tender notes 1,862 00 
 
 Gold coin 1,647 50 
 
 Silver coin 730 75 
 
 152,788 32 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital Stock paid in $10,000 00 
 
 Surplus funds on hand 2,885 41 
 
 Undivided declared dividends 000 00 
 
 Deposits subject to draft at sight 23,027 96 
 
 Deposits subject to draft at given dates 16,874 95 
 
 Bills payable 000 00 
 
 Due other banks and bankers 000 00 
 
 Expenses now due 000 00 
 
 152,788 32 
 
 The officers of the bank remain the same as at the organization 
 except that J. R. Hill and Oscar R. Hyde have been added to the 
 board of directors, and H. T. Allen made assistant cashier. 
 
 The Press. — The first newspaper established in Princeton was 
 the Reporter, founded in 1859, by P. O. James and James Scar- 
 bough, who continued its publication until 1861, when it became 
 overwhelmed in fiuancial difficulties. It was nominally neutral in 
 politics, and enjoyed the support of members of both political parties, 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 431 
 
 but the Republicans finally became dissatisfied with its policy, which 
 they claimed was partial to the Democrats. They withdrew their 
 support, and the failure of the paper soon followed. It was well ed- 
 ited, and, during its short existence, did much to promote the inter- 
 ests of the county. Its press and office material were sold for the 
 debts of the proprietors. 
 
 During the war the county was without a newspaper. In the year 
 1866 A. O. Binkley began the publication of a weekly paper called 
 the Mercer County Advance. It was at first Republican in politics, 
 and so continued until 1874. Mr. Binkley continued as editor and 
 proprietor until 1868, when he sold out to Rogers & Shaw. The 
 next year L. W. Brannon, then a printer in the office, purchased a 
 one-third interest, which, however, he kept but a few months. In 
 1871 he leased the office for one year, at the end of which time it was 
 purchased by C. E. Buren, who, in 1874, transferred it to W. L. 
 Robertson. The latter transferred its support to the Democratic 
 party, and continued its publication until 1881. He was then suc- 
 ceeded by the present proprietor, Sir. T. F. Hensley, who changed 
 the name to the People's Press, and, during the succeeding campaign, 
 advocated the principles of the Greenback party, and supported its 
 candidate. Mr. Hensley had, however, been a life-long Democrat, 
 and in 1884 he returned to the support of his party. In October, 
 1885, he was appointed to a position in the pension office at Wash- 
 ington, and, since March, 1886, the People's Press has been under 
 the editorial management of C. B. Hensley, a brother of the proprie- 
 tor, and a newspaper man of experience and ability. In the tire of 
 1885 the office was destroyed, but with the exception of the large 
 press, the greater part of the fixtures and material were saved, and 
 the publication of the Press was continued without the loss of a single 
 issue. 
 
 In 1873 Mr. L. W. Brannon established the newspaper which has 
 since been known as the Princeton Telegraph. Jlr. Brannon is a 
 stanch Republican, and a good political writer, and he soon made the 
 Telegraph one of the leading organs of his party in this portion of the 
 State. He continued its publication until 1882, when he sold the 
 office to the jDresent editor and proprietor, Mr. W. E. Cansdell. The 
 fire of 1885 also destroyed the office of the Telegraph, together with all 
 its contents, but the proprietor, with characteristic enterprise, imme- 
 diately purchased the press and material in the office of the Daily 
 and Weekly Star, of Trenton, and in two weeks again issued the Tele- 
 graph from his own office. He now has one of the best equipped 
 
432 HISTORY OF MEKCEK COUNTY. 
 
 country newspaper offices in the State, and does a large amount of job 
 printing. Mr. Cansdell is a journalist of long experience, having 
 been connected with several daily papers in some of the eastern cities, 
 and the high reputation of the Telegraph has been fully maintained 
 under his management. 
 
 Fires. — Princeton has been twice visited by destructive fii-es. The 
 first occurred in January, 1884, and destroyed all of the buildings on 
 the south side of the public square, except two, and it was only by the 
 greatest exertion that those were saved. The buildings destroyed 
 were Bowsher's Hotel, G. O. Goodrich's drag store, W. J. Heriford's 
 bakery, and a meat market, none of which have been rebuilt. 
 
 On February 13, 1885, the entire west side of the square was 
 burned. How it originated is not known, but it began in the 
 building occupied by Henry W. White & Son's family grocery. The 
 losses were as follows : Cain & Casteel, dry goods, loss $8,000, fully 
 insured ; Evans & Kesterson, groceries and provisions, loss on stock 
 $5,000, insurance, $2,200 ; loss on building, $4,500, insurance 
 $3,700 ; H. W. White & Son, groceries and provisions, loss $14,000, 
 insurance $12,000 ; Jackson Cook, fui'niture and undertaker's sup- 
 plies, loss $8,000, insurance $5,000; Capt. H. J. Alley, law office, 
 library and building, loss $6,000, insurance $3,000 ; Squire Bal- 
 lew, dry goods, loss $6,000, insurance $3,000; the Masonic build- 
 ing, loss $5,500, insurance $3,500; Steen & Son, dry goods, loss 
 11,000, fully insured; W. L. Bearden, photographer; loss $1,200 ; 
 insurance $500; Princeton Telegraph, loss $2,200, insurance $1,500; 
 People' s Press, loss $1,500, insurance, $1,000; Drs. May's, Thomp- 
 son's, and Hiron's offices; Read & Evans, attorneys, library; 
 Wes. Sam's marble shop; Miss Nannie Swayze's and Mrs. VerBryck's 
 millinery shops. Notwithstanding these heavy losses, the work of 
 rebuilding was begun at once, and in less than twelve months, with 
 one exception, every block had been replaced by a much handsomer 
 building than the original. 
 
 Incorporation. — Princeton was first incorporated at the May term of 
 the county coiu't in 1853, when A. M. Clements, John C. W. Lindsey, 
 W. J. Girdner, J. E. Clark and John E. Davis were appointed trus- 
 tees. This incorporation was made under a general law, and two 
 years later a special charter was granted by the Legislature, under 
 which an organization was effected, and maintained until the war, 
 when it was allowed to lapse. The town was then without any munici- 
 pal government until April, 1869, when the county court ordered it 
 incorporated under a general act of the Legislature, passed in 1865. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 433 
 
 At this time the trustees appointed were H. G. Orton, A. H. May, H. W. 
 White, John Casteel, and W. F. Shaw. The powers of the board of 
 trustees were found to be too limited for the efPective administration 
 of the sixth municipal government, and it was decided to apply 
 for a new charter. Accordingly a very complete instrument of this 
 kind was prepared by Judge Orton, and presented to the General As- 
 sembly as an amendment to the charter of 1855. It passed that body, 
 and was approved by the Governor on March 20, 1871. By this 
 charter the following territory was incorporated as the town of 
 Princeton: The south half of Section No. 27, the north half of Section 
 No. 34, and the southeast quarter of Section No. 38; all in Township 
 No. 65, in Range No. 2i. The board of aldermen appointed by this act 
 to hold until the first regular election i'n April, 1872, was composed of 
 Henry W. White, John Casteel, A. H. May, W. F. Shaw, William 
 Speer, Hobart G. Orton and Richard B. Ballew. The remaining 
 officers of the corporation, consisting of a mayor, assessor, clerk, 
 treasurer and street commissioner, are elected by the board of 
 aldermen. The following is a list of the mayors since 1876 : T. B. 
 Herrington, 1876-77; E. D. Giles, 1877-79; Henry W. White, 
 1879-80; R. W. Steckman, fi-om April to June, 1880 ; Webb Ballew, 
 from June to October, 1880 ; F. P. Bnren, from October, 1880, to 
 April, 1881 ; Jesse Trapp, 1881-83; John C. W. Lindsey, 1883-84; 
 J. B. Evans, 1884-87 ; M. F. Robinson, 1887. 
 
 The clerks since 1876 have been as follows: E. H. Powell, 1876- 
 78; Jesse Trapp, 1878-81; E. C. Ballew, 1881-83; J. B. Evans, 
 1883-84; R. W. Steckman, 1884. 
 
 The following persons have filled the office of marshal : James J. 
 Owen, 1876-78; Jesse Trapp, from April to November, 1878; A. W. 
 Clements, fi-om October, 1878, to April, 1879; J. R. Delana, 1879-80; 
 Thomas Phillips, 1880-82; John T. Cook, 1882-85; Ed. Meek, April 
 to November, 1885; L. W. Brannon, November, 1885, to April, 1886; 
 A. W. Hutchinson, 1886-87; Hawley Heriford, 1887. 
 
 The present officers of the town are as follows: Mayor, M. F. Rob- 
 inson; board of aldermen, George R. Thompson, J. C. Casteel, R. 
 W. Steckman, H. T. Allen, J. M. Alley, Eli Mullinax, R. Bowsher; 
 assessor and marshal, Hawley Heriford; clerk, R. W. Steckman; 
 treasurer, J. M. Alley ; street commissioner, J. A. Montgomery. 
 
 Additions, Etc. — Princeton, as originally laid out, covered about 
 forty acres, the remainder of the eighty acres entered by the county 
 seat commissioners having been sold in large blocks. Twenty acres of 
 the northern part were sold to John S. Cook at |2 per acre; two acres in 
 
434 HISTOEY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 the southeast corner, to James Blizzard at $3 per acre; and five acres 
 in the southwest corner, to George T. Prichard for $18. The forty 
 or fifty acres laid out into lots and streets were divided into twenty- 
 six blocks, 140 feet square, containing six and eight lots, and eleven 
 blocks of irregular shape and varying size. The streets were not laid 
 off due north and south and east and west, but at an angle . All 
 were made thirty-three feet wide, except Main and Broadway 
 which were made sixty feet. Since the original survey additions 
 have been made about as follows: Fourteen lots, in 1857, by W. J. 
 Girdiier; twenty lots, in 1866, by A. M. Clements; four lots, in 1868, 
 by D. M. King, E. Blachley and S. H. Ferryman; seven lots, con- 
 taining eleven acres, in 1868, by Mary J. Prichard: twenty-eight lots, 
 in 1870, by Nora M. Cornwell; sixteen lots, in 1871, by J. V. Granlee; 
 sixty lots, in 1871, by Ada T. Prichard; ten lots, in 1873, by J. V. 
 Granlee; twenty lots, in 1874,by Eli Mullinax; three blocks, in 1875, 
 by Jackson Prichard; nineteen lots,^in 1876, by Eli Mullinax; three 
 lots, in 1876, by Jacob Hawk; a small addition, in 1878, by J. V. 
 Granlee; eight lots, in 1880, by L. E. Fuller; thirteen lots, in 1883, 
 by J. V. Granlee; and thirteen lots, in 1887, also by Mr. Granlee. 
 
 Secret and Other Societies. — Mercer Lodge, No. 35, A. F. & A. M. 
 — Of the secret and beneficiary orders, the Masonic fraternity was the 
 first to organize a lodge in Princeton. Mercer Lodge, No. 35, 
 
 A. F. & A. M. , was organized under dispensation from Grand Master 
 
 B. W. Grover on June 24, 1852. by B. M. Smith. The officers in- 
 stalled were Dr. James B. BeU, W. M. ; John E. McClelland, S. W. ; 
 James B. Clark, J. W. ; William Kelsey, Treasurer, Martin Moss, 
 Tyler; Abial Miles, Secretary; Israel Nordyke, S. D., and J. B. 
 Burris, J. D. The first member initiated was G. W. Clinkinbeard, 
 on October 5, 1852. The original members included some of the 
 most prominent of the early citizens of the county, and they laid the 
 foundation of a prosperous organization. Meetings were at first held 
 in a frame hall which stood on the southeast corner of the square. 
 It was used for several years, when it was removed, and now forms a 
 part of the Dobbin' s House. It was replaced by a brick block, which 
 was destroyed in the fire of 1885. The lodge then determined to 
 erect a still finer building, and in the fall of the same year the pres- 
 ent handsome brick block, two stories high, with a basement, was 
 completed at a cost of $6, 500. The first floor is occupied by the Bank 
 of Mercer County. The lodge room occupying the upper floor is un- 
 doubtedly the finest in the State, outside of some of the larger cities. 
 It is seventy feet long, twenty-three feet wide and sixteen feet high, 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 435 
 
 with commodious ante-rooms and wardrobes. The floor is covered with 
 a brussels carpet, and the furniture, and paraphernalia are correspond- 
 ingly elegant. 
 
 As a portion of the records of the lodge was destroyed by the fire, 
 the fcillowing list of Past Masters is incomplete, but is as full as could 
 be made: Dr. J. B. Bell, 1852-54; J. R. Clark, 1854-56; Andi-ew 
 Woolsey, 1856-57; Dr. J. B. Bell, 1857-58; R. A. Kelsey, 1858-59; 
 G. B. Gillihan, 1859-60; John Woodward, 1860-62; Andrew Wool- 
 sey. 1862-63; B. F. Cornwell, 1863-64; ***** 
 H. J. Alley, 1873-74; J. C. W. Lindsey, 1874-75; S. H. Perry- 
 man 1875-76; Dr. W. F. Buren, 1876-78; P. C. McDonald, 1878-80; 
 Dr. A. H. May, 1880-82; Joel H. Shelly, 1882-83; R. W. Steck- 
 man, 1883-85; Dr. William Hirons, 1885-86; W. H. Harper, 
 1886-87. 
 
 The lodge now numbers about eighty-six members. The oflScers 
 are as follows: W. P. Lindsey, W. M. ; James H. Moss, S. W. ; 
 John F. McClaren, J. W. ; William Harris, Secretary; R. W. Steck- 
 man, S. D. , and Dr. G. B. Thompson, J. D. 
 
 Princeton Lodge, No. 63, I. 0. O. F., was organized on August 
 31, 1853, by John G. Flournoy, of Linneus, Mo., the District Deputy 
 Grand Master. The lodge continued its existence until 1859, when, 
 owing to internal trouble, and the distm-bed condition of the country, 
 incident to the approach of the Civil War, its charter was arrested by 
 Hon. R. A. Debolt, then District Deputy Grand Master. The charter 
 and books remained in the Grand Secretary's office in St. Louis until 
 1873, when, the town of Princeton having taken new life by the 
 building of the Rock Island Railroad, it was thought advisable to re- 
 vive the lodge, and an informal meeting: was held, at which time the 
 following survivors of the old lodge responded: J. C. W. Lindsey, 
 W. J. Girdner, Henry Neill, Reuben Perkins and M. A. Louderback, 
 to whom were added the following persons holding withdrawal cards 
 from other lodges : D. F. Kreider, Henry Griser, and T. C. Young. 
 These brethren petitioned the Grand Master for a restoration of the 
 charter, which was granted, and C. A. Conrads, of Trenton, D. D. G. 
 M. , accompanied by a large delegation from that town, reorganized 
 and reinstituted Princeton Lodge, No. 63, on the night of April 25, 
 1873, with the following officers: J. C. W. Lindsey, N. G. ; W. J. 
 Gu-dner, V. G. ; D. F. Kreider, Sec, and Henry Neill, Treas. 
 
 A singular incident at the reorganization was the restoration of the 
 charter of the lodge by Judge Debolt to Mr. Lindsey, the Noble 
 Grand, who was also the Noble Grand at the time of its arrest by the 
 
436 
 
 HISTOEY OP MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 former fourteen years before. At this meeting the lodge initiated two 
 members, Henry Cadle and Robert Bowsher, and these two are the 
 only members of that period left, all the others having since died or 
 removed their membership. Mr. Cadle has since been Grand Master 
 of the State. The lodge had a precarious existence, not growing 
 much either in membership or in influence until 1881, when it publicly 
 celebrated the anniversary of the order on April 26, of that year. This 
 demonstration was largely attended, and its effect was to give the lodge 
 a new impetus, and its growth may be said to date from that time. 
 It increased rapidly in membership, and gathered in a large proportion 
 of the leading men of the town. Then came a demand for an en- 
 campment with its exalted degrees, and Princeton Encampment, No. 
 91, was instituted on December 13, 1881, by the Grand Patriarch, G. 
 
 D. Gray, with the following officers : Henry Cadle, Chief Patriarch ; 
 P. C. McDonald, High Priest; Dr. W. F. Buren, Senior Warden ; T. 
 
 E. Evans, Junior Warden; J. H. Shelly, Scribe, and Samuel Strouse, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 The encampment started out with great eclat, and on the night of 
 its organization many Patriarchs from other towns, including the 
 Grand Patriarch of Iowa, were present. The Trenton Encampment 
 came in full uniform, and a band accompanying, gave a public parade. 
 
 Princeton Encampment has had a phenomenal growth, drawing 
 members from nearly all the neighboring towns, and with one of the 
 finest outfits in the way of paraphernalia in the State, it has gained the 
 reputation of being one of the best encampments. At one time the 
 members purchased forty handsome uniforms, and became proficient 
 in the drill, and they have taken part in public parade in diilerent 
 cities, both in and out of the State. This gave rise to the establish- 
 ment of Princeton Uniformed Degree Camp, No. 2 (the second in the 
 State), which was instituted on January 11, 1883, and was finally 
 merged into Canton Princeton, No. 2, of the Patriarch's Militant, 
 which has since continued as the display branch of the order. 
 
 Captain Stanley Post, No. 79, Grand Army of tfie Republic, was 
 organized on May 26, 1883, by Charles M. Clark, of Kansas City. 
 The members mustered in and the officers elected were as follows: J. 
 H. Shelly, Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry, Commander; T. E. Evans, 
 Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, Senior Vice-Commander; J. J. Stanley, 
 Second Missom-i Cavalry, Junior Vice-Commander; S. M. Waj'man, 
 Seventh Iowa Infantry, Chaplain; J. R. Hill, Twenty-third Missouri 
 Infantry, Quartermaster; F. H. McDougal, First West Virginia 
 Cavalry, Quartermaster-Sergeant; J. D. Dykes, Thirty-fifth Missouri 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 437 
 
 Infantry, Sergeant-Major; Hawley Heriford, Twenty-third Missouri 
 Infantry, Adjutant; and J. C. MeKiddy, Third Missouri Infantry, 
 Surgeon. H. T. Allen, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry; John L. Allen, 
 Thirteenth Illinois Cavali-y; E. J. Abrams, Fifth Kansas Infantry; L. 
 W. Brannon, Sixth Iowa Infantry; W. J. Boyle, 3eeond Missouri 
 Cavalry; Joseph W. Bayles, Seventy-eighth Illinois Infantry; J. W. 
 CardifP, Eleventh Iowa Infantry; W. L. Griffith, Seventh Missouri 
 State Militia; George S. Heck, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Penn- 
 sylvania Infantry; Ira B. Hyde, First Minnesota Mounted Rangers; 
 Lester King, Second Missouri Cavalry; William T. Kesterson, Third 
 Missouri Infantry; A. K. Mills, Twenty-third Ohio Infantry; Daniel 
 Martin, Eighteenth Missouri Infantry; J. A. Montgomery, Seventh 
 Iowa Infantry; J. B. Nash, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry; James I. 
 Owen, Seventh Missouri Infantry; James B. Ormsby, Twenty-third 
 Iowa Infantry; A. R. Patton, Third Missouri Cavalry; J. L. 
 Perkins, Seventh Illinois Infantry; W. J. Phillips, First Missouri 
 Cavalry; W. T. Scott, Seventh Illinois Cavalry; Stephen Wayman, 
 Thirteenth Iowa Infantry; E. W. Wells, Third Missouri Infantry, and 
 Allen Rogers, Third Missouri Infantry. 
 
 The post has been highly prosperous since its organization, and has 
 enrolled a total of 123 names. A commodious hall has been fitted up 
 in the new Buren block, where the regular meetings are held. The 
 Post Commanders have been J. H. Shelly, T. E. Evans, J. R. HOI, 
 H. T. Allen, and J. L. Perkins. The present officers are J. R. 
 Hill, Commander; Hawley Heriford, Senior Vice-Commander; J. J. 
 Stanley, Junior Vice-Commander; L. W. Brannon, Quartermaster; 
 Henry T. Allen, Quariermaster- Sergeant; Martin Read, Sergeant- 
 Major; F. H. McDougal, Adjutant, and W. A. Loe, Chaplain. 
 
 Mercer County Lodge, No. Si^, Ancient Order of United Workmen, 
 was instituted on October 28, 1878, with the following charter members : 
 W. F. Buren, Master Workman; J. H. Shelly, Overseer; David Speer, 
 Receiver; A. R. Patton, Financier; T. E. Evans, Gay Aufricht, E. C. 
 Ballew, E. D. Giles, R. Carter, William P. Lindsey, Arthur Edson, J. 
 R. Hill, R. C. H. Lindsey, R. W. Riddell, E. Blachley, F. P. Buren, 
 W. L. Robertson, Rush Bowsher, Abner George, J. R. Delana, P. C. 
 McDonald, and G. O. Goodrich. The lodge has experienced uniform 
 prosperity, and a good membership. 
 
 The Past Master Workmen are as follows: W. F. Buren, T. E. 
 Evans, H. T. Allen, W. P. Lindsey, P. C. McDonald, H. C. Miller, 
 Dr. William Hirons and Prof. D. K. Thomas. The present officers 
 are as follows: Dr. William Hirons, Master Workman; James P. 
 
438 HISTORY OF MERGER COUNTY. 
 
 Anderson, Overseer; T. E. Evans, Foreman; H. C. Miller, Guard; 
 J. A. Thompson, Recorder; J. E. Hill, Financier; H. T. Allen, Re- 
 ceiver. 
 
 The Mercer County Medical Society was organized in February, 
 1884, veith the following officers and members : Dr. J. L. Shiplej^, of 
 Eavanna, President; Dr. A. H. May, of Princeton, Vice-President; Dr. 
 G. M. Bristow, Secretary; Dr. Monahan, Treasurer; C. P. Bashond, 
 of Modena; Dr. K. G. Smith, of Princeton, and Dr. K. W. Travis, of 
 Modena; to whom have since been added. Dr. Brown, of Newtown; 
 Dr. J. E. Callaway, of Eavanna; Dr. Thomas Calbreath, of Somerset; 
 Dr. E. Glendenning, of Lineville; Dr. HufP, of Modena; Dr. J. B. 
 Eobertson, of Half Eock, and one or two others from outside the 
 county. The object of the society is the mutual improvement of its 
 members, and meetings are held every three months, at which papers 
 upon various subjects connected with the profession are read and dis- 
 cussed. The present officers are Dr. E. Glendenning, President; Dr. 
 J. B. Eobertson, Vice-President; Dr. C. P. Bashond, Secretary, and 
 Dr. G. M. Bristow, Treasurer. 
 
 The Agricultural Association. — The first agricultural associa- 
 tion in Mercer County, organized in 1859, was incorporated by 
 the following order from the county court, April 15, 1859: "This 
 day a petition signed by more than fifty free holders of Mercer 
 County, for the organization of a county agricultural and mechanical 
 society, to be called the Mercer County Agricultural and Mechani- 
 cal Society, was presented, praying that this court would make an 
 order declaring such petitioners incorporated for such purposes. It is 
 therefore ordered by the court that such a society be organized, and 
 the petitioners declared a body corporate and politic, by the name 
 and style of the Mercer County Agricultural and Mechanical Society, 
 and it is further ordered that the sum of SoO be appropriated out of 
 the county treasury of Mercer County, for the purpose of purchasing 
 premises for said society." An organization was then effected with 
 
 the following officers: , president: L. C. Wynne, secretary; 
 
 Charles Scott, treasurer, and William R. McKinley, J. A. Kennedy, 
 Charles O. Ewiog, Jonas J. Clark, Jackson Prichard, Charles Scott 
 and three others whose names are now forgotten, directors. 
 
 The first fair was held in the fall of 1859, just northwest of 
 Princetoa Some stock was exhibited, and a short race track was 
 laid out upon which several trials of speed were had. The court- 
 house did duty as a floral hall. After this fair, it was decided to 
 locate permanent grounds, and Princeton, Goshen City and Ravanna 
 
STATE OF MISSOTJEI. 439 
 
 became competitors for them. Kavanna having raised the largest 
 subscription in aid of the association was chosen. Fifteen acres of 
 land were leased from S. H. Draper for a term of ten j-ears. There 
 annual fairs were held imtil the expiration of the lease, when the 
 society disbanded. 
 
 In 1869 some of the leading agriculturists of Mercer and adjoining 
 counties organized a society styled the ' ' Independent District Agricult- 
 ui'al Association," which, however, proved of short duration. Three 
 fairs were held on the grounds of the county society at Ravanna, and, 
 not proving as successful as had been expected, the society suspended. 
 No further attempt was made to organize an association or to hold 
 fairs for nearly ten years. 
 
 The present Agricultural and Mechanical Association of Mercer 
 County was organized on November 3, 1880, at which time the fol- 
 lowing officers and directors were elected: H. J. Alley, president; 
 Ira B. Hyde, vice-president; James Burrows, secretary; David Speer, 
 treasurer, and F. M. Evans, Kichard Brantley, C E. Minter, Clark 
 Deshler, Jackson Prichard, Thomas E. Sallee, John Snyder, J. S. 
 England, R. C. Lindsey, Ira B. Hyde, Jackson Cook, Robert Bowsher 
 and Eli Mullinax. One hundred and fifty shares of $25 each were 
 issued, and forty acres of land lying about 200 yards west of the 
 Rock Island depot were purchased for the fair grounds. This tract 
 seemed to have been fitted for that purpose by nature. It is nearly 
 level, being inclined just enough to secure drainage, and originally 
 was entirely covered by forest trees, with the exception of about 
 six acres occupied by a beautiful lake, around which has been con- 
 structed a half mile race course. 
 
 The buildings which have been erected consist of a strongly con- 
 structed amphitheater, capable of seating 1,000 people; a two-stoiy 
 floral hall, 30x60 feet; ^eighty closed stalls for stock, and sixty 
 open stalls. In improving the grounds comparatively few trees 
 were removed, and ample shade is afforded for the hundreds who 
 attend the annual fairs. The association is composed of some of the 
 leading men of the county, and it has already done much to arouse 
 an interest in the best methods of farming, and the breeding of a 
 better class of stock. Fairs have been held each year since the organ- 
 ization of the association, with the exception of 1886, when the long 
 continued drought rendered it impracticable. The present affairs of 
 the association are as follows: President, David Speer; vice-president. 
 Dr. W. F. Buren; treasurer, M. F. Robinson; secretary, Martin 
 Reeves; directors, John Higgins, H. J. Alley, Dr. W. F. Buren, 
 
440 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 W. A. Loe, G. W. Wilcox, Jackson Cook, E. B. Bailey, W. H. 
 McKinley, M. F. Kobinson, T. E. Sallee, J. W. Boyd, J. H. SheUy 
 and David Speer. 
 
 Ravanna, the second town in importance in Mercer County, 
 was laid out in the spring of 1857 by "William R. McKinley and 
 • Addison Sparks, and is situated on the northeast quarter of the north- 
 east quarter of Section 10, in Township 65, Range 23. Forty-eight 
 lots were laid off, to which have since been made two additions, one 
 of sixty-four lots and a public square made by S. H. Draper, in 
 April, 1858, and the other of thirty-two lots, made by W. R. McKinley, 
 G. B. Gillihan and D. B. Gregory. 
 
 The first house on the site of the town was erected in 1855 by W. 
 R. McKinley, for a dwellimg. It was a small log building, and stood 
 where the Ravanna Hotel now is. The next year an addition was 
 made to this house, and a small stock of goods put in. At about the 
 same time the store house now occupied by Loury Bros, was 
 erected and occupied by Dillon Morris, who after about one year was 
 succeeded by John Coffman. Later the same building was occupied 
 by Kabrich & West (George Kabrich and William C. West). The first 
 blacksmith shop was established by Jacob Loutzenhiser, a son-in-law 
 of W. R. McKinley. He still lives just south of town, where he 
 located in 1855. Philip Merrill, D. B. Gregory, Robert Bull and 
 Pleasant Henry were also among the early residents of the town. 
 The last two carried on a general mercantile business in the build- 
 ing on the corner north of Loury Bros. ' store. The first physicians 
 to locate in Ravanna were Drs. Harle, Jones and Williams. 
 
 Among the business of the town during the first few years succeed- 
 ing the war were Speer Bros., now of Princeton, Calvin Saylors, 
 Albert Bruse, and James Burrows. In 1877 the business interests 
 were represented as follows: D. W. Loury & Co., W. W. Holmes, 
 and Calloway & Helm, general merchandise ; Albert Bnise, hardware 
 and implements; W. H. McGrath, drugs; and S. H. Storms, wagons 
 and carnages. 
 
 Previous to the completion of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railroad through Putnam and Sullivan Counties, Ravanna was one of 
 the best business points in a large area of country, and while its trade 
 has been somewhat curtailed by the building of that road, this effect, 
 it is thought, will be only temporary. The town now contains three 
 excellent general stores, conducted by Lom-y Bros., Holmes Bros, 
 and L. F. Parrish. The first two each have branch stores, the former 
 at Lucerne and the latter at Newtown. Other lines of merchandise are 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 441 
 
 also well represented — groceries, by J. C. Mitchell aud Hiram Painter, 
 hardware and harness, by D. F. Loutzenhiser ; di'ugs, by A. C. Storms; 
 furniture, by Joseph Jenkins, and millinery, by Mrs. L. A. Ballah and 
 Mrs. Jane Storms. 
 
 The remg,ining business of the town consists of two blacksmith 
 shops conducted by Hollingsworth & Hamilton and Holmes & Epper- 
 son, respectively, and a steam grist mill, owned and operated by J. J. 
 Johnson. Two physicians of excellent ability and rejjutation, Drs. J. 
 L. Shipley and J. E. Calloway, have been residents of the town for 
 several years. The legal profession is represented by V. F. Rowley. 
 
 In November, 1886, a weekly newspaper known as the Ravanna 
 Review was established by T. H. Graves, who, in May, following, re- 
 moved it to Lucerne, and changed its named to the Lucerne Bee. This 
 was the only paper ever published in the town. 
 
 The postoffice now at Ravanna was formerly called Sonoma, and 
 was kept by J. B. Anderson, who had a little store about three miles 
 east of the town. The postmasters since its removal, as correctly as 
 could be ascertained, have been Dillon Morris, B. F. Strong, James 
 Burrows, N. H. Rogers, Joel Rogers, Albert Bruse, L. F. Parrish 
 and Joseph Jenkins. 
 
 Ravanna was incorporated by an order of the county court made on 
 March 7, 1870, at which time the following trustees were appointed: 
 Albert Bruse, J. J. Johnson, Charles Wilson, Joel Rogers and V. F. 
 Rowley. This incorporation has since been maintained. The officers 
 at the present time are: board of trustees, J. L. Shipley, chairman, 
 M. W. Lowry, W. A. Hollingsworth, Joseph Jenkins and C. M. Wil- 
 son; marshal and collector, B. Mitchell; treasurer, Hiram Painter; 
 clerk, William Burris, and street commissioner, J. J. Johnson. 
 
 The social standing of the people of Ravanna is deservedly high, 
 and churches, schools and secret orders are well supported. 
 
 Secret Societies. — Ravanna Lodge, No. 258, A. F. & A. M. , was 
 instituted under a dispensation from the Grand Lodge on the 6th 
 of November, 1867, with the following officers: A. Bruse, Worshipful 
 Master; W. B. Rogers, Senior Warden; J. A. Kennedy, Junior War- 
 den; D. J. Dui-ee, Treasurer; W. T. Beacham, Secretary; J. C. Fos- 
 ter, Senior Deacon, and F. M. Evans, Junior Deacon. The charter 
 was granted on October 15, 1868. In 1872 a frame building 22x44 
 feet, with a hall above and store room below, was built by the lod^e in 
 co-operation with N. H. Rogers. The total cost was $1,525, of which 
 Mr. Rogers paid one-half. The Past Masters of this lodge are Albert 
 Bruse, J. A. Kennedy, J. C. Foster, A. B. Anderson, E. B. Anderson, 
 
442 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 J. L. Shipley and John McRae. The officers elected for 1888 are aB 
 follows: J. L. Shipley, Worshipful Master; A. B. Anderson, Senior 
 Warden; G. Wilson, Junior Warden; J. C. Foster, Treasurer; Joseph 
 Jenkins, Secretary, and S. H. Storms, Tyler. 
 
 Ravanna Lodge, No. 297, I. O. O. F. , was organized on May 24, 
 1873, and received its charter on the 10th of the following month. 
 The first of&cers were V. F. Rowley, Noble Grand; Samuel Flock, 
 Vice Grand; Albert Bruse, Treasurer, and G. B. Potts, Secretary. 
 The first members initiated were John C. Arbuckle, John Cooper and 
 Jacob Eidson. The following are the Past Grands of this lodge: V. 
 F. Rowley, S. H. Storms, Thomas Cooper, Albert Bruse, D. W. Lowry, 
 M. W. Lowry, W. A. Hollingsworth, I. M. Van Buskirk, Joseph Jenkins, 
 F. E. Wade, Jacob Eidson, Cyrus Deyoe, J. D. Weaver, Jacob Harriman, 
 J. M. Deyoe and B. F. Reeves. The present membership is thirty-two. 
 The officers are D. F. Loutzenhiser, Noble Grand; S. J. Epperson, 
 Vice Grand; W. F. Burris, Secretary, and S. H. Storms, Treasurer. 
 The one-half interest in the Masonic building, owned by N. H. Rogers, 
 has been purchased, and the lodge room is used by both fraternities. 
 
 Rosseaii Post, No. 80, G. A. R., was organized at Ravanna, on 
 May 28, 1883, by C. W. Clark, of Kansas City, at which time the 
 following officers and members were mustered: Dr. J. L. Shipley, 
 Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, Commander; J. E. Calloway, Twenty- 
 eighth Illinois Infantry, Senior Vice Commander; Lemuel McDonald, 
 First Wisconsin Infantry, Junior Vice Commander; D. M. King, 
 Missouri State Militia, Surgeon; L. F. Pan-ish, Seventeenth Iowa In- 
 fantry, Chaplain; William H. Goddard, Sixth Missouri State Militia 
 Cavalry ; Calvin Morris, Eighteenth Missouri Infantry ; W. H. Smalley, 
 Second Missouri Cavalry; Jacob Eidson, Tenth Illinois Infantry; 
 John D. Weaver, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry; Adolphus Thomp- 
 son, Forty- fourth Indiana Infantry; William Howser, Seventh Mis- 
 souri Cavalry; D. W. Loury, Forty-fourth Missouri Infantry; W. A. 
 Hollingsworth, Second Missouri Cavalry; L. T. Thompson, Forty- 
 fourth Indiana Infantry; John Smalley, Second Missoiu'i Cavalry; 
 C. T. Cousins, Second Missouri Cavalry; Jacob Loutzenhiser, Second 
 Missoui'i Cavalry; James Lanaley, Seventeenth Ohio Infantry; M. M. 
 Gannon, Twenty-third Missoxiri Infantry; C. A. Farley, Twelfth 
 Missouri Cavalry; William McKinley, Second Missouri Cavalry; N. J. 
 McMurray, Eighteenth Iowa Infantry; O. J. Reeves, Ninety-ninth 
 Indiana Infantry; Peter Evans, Second Missouri Cavalry; Joseph 
 Weesner, Second Missouri Cavalry; L. D. Collings, Second Missouri 
 Cavalry; S. P. Hall, Third Missouri Cavalry; James R. Brown, 
 
 1 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 443 
 
 Ninety- ninth Indiana Infantry; Jesse Evans, Twelfth Missouri Cav- 
 alry; Elias Spurgeon, Third Missouri Cavalry; William W. Reeves, 
 Ninety-ninth Indiana Infantry; Thomas Claphan, Sixty-fifth Ohio 
 Infantry; Franklin Cousins, Third Missouri State Militia; G. W. God- 
 dard. Sixth Missouri State Militia; A. R. Jewell, Third Missouri 
 State Militia, and J. W. Green, Third Maryland Infantry. To these 
 have been added since the organization : George W. Nicholson, Eighth 
 Illinois Cavalry; William Proctor, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry; 
 Biram Rushton, Seventeenth Iowa Infantry; Sidwell Daugherty, 
 Twenty-first Indiana Infantry; Joseph H. Beadles, Fifty-fifth 
 Illinois Infantry; M. B. Swift, Enrolled Missouri Militia; Lorenzo 
 Gannon, Forty-fourth Missouri Infantry; Jacob Harriman, Twenty- 
 seventh Missouri Infantry; Hiram Pickel,t, Forty- fourth Missouri 
 Infantry; Alexander Allman, Seventh Missouri State Militia; F. M. 
 Lyon, Fifty-fourth Indiana Infantry; Joseph H. Graves, Twelfth 
 Missouri Cavalry; Edward Titus, Sixth New York Cavalry; John 
 P. Vandervoort, Third Missouri State Militia; Humphrey Hickman, 
 Ninth Tennessee Cavalry; Robert Lindsey, Forty-fourth Missouri 
 Infantry; Joseph Jenkins, Second California Cavalry; Abel Rash, 
 Third Missouri State Militia; Addison Kingery, Third Missouri State 
 Militia; William E. Harriman, Sixth Missouri State Militia; W. F. 
 Lose, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry; William Clifton, Nintli Tennessee 
 Cavalry; George W. Pigg, Ninth Tennessee Cavalry; Joseph R. Vo- 
 gan, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry; William Driskill, Third Mis- 
 souri State Militia; A. L. Martin, Forty-first Illinois Infantry; 
 J. H. Deyoe, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry; Cyrus Deyoe, Fourteenth 
 Iowa Infantry; James Lewis, Eighteenth Missouri Infantry; J. R. 
 Lewis, Sixth Kansas Cavalry; Joseph C. Pickett, Second Missouri 
 Cavalry; William J. C. Cox, Fourth Kansas Infantry; Elijah Holmes, 
 Second Missouri Cavalry; Isaac M. Smalley, Second Missouri Cavalry; 
 Howell Scott, Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry; William Gallagher, 
 Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry; S. P. Stuart, Twenty-third Mis- 
 souri Infantry; Samuel Reed, Sixtieth United States (colored); L. B. 
 Lindsey, Seventh Missouri State Militia, and Joseph H. Dexter, 
 Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry. The longest term of service of any of 
 the above members was fifty-three months, and the shortest six months, 
 the average being twenty-eight months. The present ofificers of the 
 post are Dr. J. E. Calloway, C. ; Jacob Eidson, S. V. C. ; John 
 Smalley, J. V. C. ; William Reeves, Adj. ; L. F. Parrish, Q. M. ; D. 
 W. Lowry, S. M. ; J. Loutzenhiser, Q. M. S. ; L. D. Ceilings, Chap- 
 lain; Lemuel McDonald, O. D. ; George W. Goddard, O. G. ; J. L. 
 Shipley, S. 
 
444 HISTORY OF MEKCEE COUNTY. 
 
 Modena, or Madisonville as it was formerly called, was laid out 
 in 1856 by A. M. Thompson and George W. Stewart, and occupies 
 the center of Section 35, Township 64, Range 25. 
 
 The first store was opened by Thompson & McGhee, and they were 
 followed by James Stewart and James Bradley. Cyrenus Bain estab- 
 lished the first grocery. The first blacksmith was George Miller, 
 who was succeeded by A. T. Shafer. Among the merchants who 
 did business at this place during and just after the war were John 
 Thompson, A. Haney, Charles Thompson, David S. Wiggins and 
 James Bradley. In 1866 Joshua Rock laid the foundation of the 
 extensive biisiness in general merchandise which he has since con- 
 ducted. W. L. Jerome, Ai-chibald Edwards, Harvey Traynor, 
 Joseph Milliner, Joseph Powers and D. S. Boyer have also been in 
 business at Modena at different times within the past twenty years. 
 
 In the spring of 1884 the village was almost entirely destroyed 
 by fii'e. The sufferers fi'om this disaster were Lewis Terwilager and 
 John Miller, dealers in hardware; John Graves and J. B. Miller, 
 druggists; Thomas Kirby & Co., dealers in general merchandise; and 
 W. B. Walters, wagon-maker. 
 
 The business interests of the town at present are as follows: 
 Joshua Rock, general merchandise; J. B. Miller, drugs; Walters & 
 Renfro, hardware and stoves, and D. Home, wagon and blacksmith 
 shop. 
 
 A. J. Norton Post, No. 280, G. A. R., was organized at this 
 place on July 4, 1886, with the following officers: Abraham Hendi-icks, 
 commander; W. F. Kelso, Senior Vice Commander; David Home, 
 Junior Vice Commander; William Walter, Quartermaster; Joshua 
 Rock, Sui'geon; William A. Loe, Chaplain; James Thompson, Officer of 
 the Day; A. J. Linville, Officer of the Guard, and C. H. Stewart, Ad- 
 jutant. This post is in a highly flourishing condition, and now has a 
 membership numbering thirty-nine. The present Commander is W. 
 F. Kelso. 
 
 Mill Grove is a station on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
 Railroad about eight miles south of Princeton. The town was laid 
 off by C. H. Stewart, William M. Butcher and William Smith, in 
 December, 1870. The first store house was built in that year by 
 John Everhart, who was engaged in the drug and grocery business 
 for about a year. The first dwelling was erected by John Schooler, 
 who had a general store. The first blacksmith shop was conducted 
 by Gilbert Blue. The biisinesB of the town at the present time 
 consists of a general store conducted by G. P. Larimore; a drug store, 
 
 I 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 445 
 
 by S. A. Larimore; a hardware store, by K. Coon; two blacksmith 
 shops, by Herrington Bros, and De Peny Bros., respectively, and a 
 grist mill now operated by William G. Moore. This is a successor of 
 the mill built in 1842, on the opposite side of the river. 
 
 Mill Grove was incorporated by the county court in 1877. The 
 first meeting of the board of trustees was held on March 12, of that 
 year. The trustees were Henry Scott, chairman; S. A. Larimore, R. 
 N. Decker, George Miller and Marion Butcher. R. B. Linville was 
 chosen clerk, and J. J. Stanley, marshal. 
 
 Middlebury, formerly a town of considerable business importance, 
 existed in the southeastern part of Washington Township, but 
 since the completion of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad 
 through the county, it has entirely disappeared. It was founded by 
 Royal Williams, who established a store there some time in the ' ' forties. ' ' 
 It was situated on an old stage route, and prior to the Civil War had 
 grown to a flourishing village. Among those who were engaged in bus- 
 iness in the place were Richard Williams, and John Wilkinson, grocers; 
 David and Michael Coon, Jackson Wyatt and John Thompson, general 
 merchants; James Cos and Jackson McElroy, blacksmiths; David 
 
 Campbell, hotel keeper, and Abraham Schooler, Cephas Gray and 
 
 Greenlee, saloon keepers. Of those who did business there after the 
 war may be mentioned James Williams, Jesse Reed, Andrew Mc- 
 Laughlin and William Covey, merchants, and C. Cornell, hotel 
 keeper. 
 
 Half Rock, a small village in Medicine Township, was founded in 
 1874 by Thomas Cooper; but several years before John Garrett had 
 erected a small mill, and opened a store on No Creek about one-fourth 
 of a mile from where the town was laid out. The first merchants of 
 the town were John Garrett, John Cooper and Thomas Cooper. 
 Garrett was succeeded by his nephew, S. N. GaiTett, who in turn sold 
 out to A. J. Hill. John Cooper remained in business until 1883, 
 when he retired. Other firms and individuals who have been located 
 at Half Rock have been J. McMurray & Son, Duff & Hill, dealers in 
 general merchandise; W. R. Edwards, J. H. Moses, and J. B. Robin- 
 son, di-uggists, and J. N. Ragan and T. L. Hill, dealers in hardware. 
 During the past two or three years the village has been somewhat on 
 the decline. The business of the present consists of a general store 
 conducted by A. J. Hill, a grocery, hardware and drug store, by J. T. 
 Sanders and A. E. Hamlin, and a harness shop and grocery by D. L. 
 Lowry. 
 
 An Odd Fellows Lodge has been successfully maintained at this 
 place for a number of years. 
 
446 HISTORY OF MERGER COUNTY. 
 
 Goshen, a little hamlet on the Bethany and Princeton load six 
 miles from the latter place, was laid out just prior to the war by James 
 McKinney, who owned the land, and lived in the house now occupied 
 by Calvin Moss. It was at first called McKinneysville. The second 
 house erected was the log building now occupied by David Goin. At 
 about the close of the war Anderson Owens and Henry Neal opened 
 general stores, Elisha Puett, a grocery, and Charles Scott, a di-ug 
 store. From 1870 to 1876 the town enjoyed a season of prosperity, 
 having about seventy-five inhabitants, but since that time the popula- 
 tion has decreased to less than twenty-five. From 1878 to 1885, a 
 general store was kept by David Goin. The only store in the place 
 at present is a grocery, opened about two years ago by George F logger. 
 The postoffice was established in 1866 with Anderson Owens as post- 
 master. He was succeeded in 1871 by David Goin, who continued 
 until 1885. The present postmaster is George Flogger. 
 
 Marion is a small village and station on the Chicago, Rock Island 
 & Pacific Railroad, about ten miles north of Princeton, and is of com- 
 paratively recent origin. The site was originally entered by R. W. 
 Kockhold. The first house was erected by A. A. Alley, who engaged 
 in a general merchandise business in 1879, and who also operates a saw 
 and grist mill. The remaining business interests are as follows: W. 
 D. Alley, general merchandise; Marion Merritt, drugs and groceries; 
 and S. A. Newlin, groceries and hardware. It was incorporated as a 
 town by the county court in 1886. The officers are S. T. Willford, 
 mayor; J. M. Snyder, marshal; and John D. Humphreys, Lyman 
 Hughes, S. H. Croft, Marion Wells and Warren Graham, trustees. 
 
 Somerset, a village in Somerset Township, was laid out in 1856 
 by Frederick Royse and Albert Bruse. The first house erected in the 
 town was a hewed-log dwelling built by "William Royse. The first 
 merchant was Thomas M. Laughlin, who continued in business for 
 several years. Within the next five or six years Joseph Burkhammer 
 and David Templeton opened a store, Albert Bruse, a harness shop, 
 Hickman Bruner, a wagon shop, and Eli Bruner, a blacksmith's shop. 
 Among those who have been in business in Somerset since the war 
 are Jacob Baumgardner, Samuel Butcher, John J. Johnson, Humph- 
 rey Leighton and William M. Summers. The present business 
 interests are represented as follows: J. S. England, who began in the 
 general merchandise business in 1873; P. F. Baumgardner, dealer in 
 general merchandise, and Julius Scott, druggist. 
 
 Somerset Lodge, No. 206, A. F. & A. M., was organized in Novem- 
 ber, 1860, by Jonas J. Clark, with John W. Stockman as Worshipful 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 447 
 
 Master; Albert Bruse, Senior Warden; Douglas Brown, Junior Warden ; 
 James Brown, Treasurer; Matthew Crawford, Secretary; Middle- 
 ton, Senior Deacon ; and J. Russell, Tyler. The first member initiated 
 was John Snyder. A two-story frame building was erected by the 
 lodge in 1860. It was occupied until 1886, when the present hall 
 was completed and dedicated. The lodge has been very prosperous 
 since its organization, and has initiated between 200 and 300 members. 
 Much of its success has been due to John W. Stockman, who was 
 master of the lodge for eighteen years, and who has always taken an 
 active interest in it. The present membership numbers upward of 
 fifty. The following members of the lodge are Past Masters : John W. 
 Stockman, Albert Bruse, Benjamin Van Buskirk, David Lowery, 
 Thomas Draper, John C. Norcross and William J. Madden. The present 
 officers are John C. Norcross, Worshipful Master; D. Wilder, Senior 
 Warden; E. E. Stockman, Junior Warden; William Bowlin, Secretary; 
 L. C. Laughlin, Treasurer; and John Robinson, Tyler. 
 
 THE GREAT REBELLION. 
 
 Loyalty of tlie County. — The part which Mercer County bore in the 
 War of the Rebellion was one of credit and honor, and no county in 
 the State can point to a better record. During the events preceding 
 the war the people were, as a rule, conservative in their political opin- 
 ions. There were very few ' ' black Republicans ' ' or Breckinridge 
 Democrats. The large majority were thoroughly loyal to the Union, 
 although at the first outbreak there was a considerable sprinkling of 
 Southern sympathizers. As the war progressed, however, their num- 
 ber grew smaller, and before the close the Union sentiment was 
 practically unanimous. At least outwardly it was so, for the loyal 
 portion of the community would tolerate no expression of disloyal 
 sentiment. Another evidence of the loyalty of the county is found in 
 the fact that of over 1,000 volunteers, probably less than twenty joined 
 the Confederate army. 
 
 Active War Measures. — Immediately after the attack on Fort Sum- 
 ter, and the call for troops by the President in the spring of 1861, 
 the loyal men of Mercer County began to organize and drill in mili- 
 tary companies, and when Gov. Gamble issued a call for six months' 
 militia they responded promptly. Toward the last of August or first 
 of September a battalion was organized with Jonas J. Clark as lieuten- 
 ant-colonel; A. O. Nigh, major, and J. H. Shelly, adjutant. The 
 companies were recruited and commanded as follows: Capt. Isaac 
 Smalley, Ravanna and Somerset Townships; Capt. Eli Bruner, Som- 
 
448 HISTORY OF MEBCER COUNTY. 
 
 erset Township; Capt. Jacob Bain, Lindley and Marion Townships; 
 Capt. Elisha Vanderpool, Madison Township; Capt. C. P. Loveland, 
 Washington Township; Capt. Isaiah Guyman, Medicine Township; 
 Capt. J. D. Randall, Morgan Township, and Capt. James Bradley, 
 Madison Township. 
 
 Upon being called into service, the regiment went into camp at 
 Edinbnrg, where it remained for two or three weeks. It was then 
 ordered to Chillicothe, thence to Utica, where it did escort duty Tintil 
 the following spring, when it was mustered out on account of the 
 expiration of the term of service. 
 
 Sketch of Military Organizations. — Following is a brief account 
 of the various companies and regiments which contained any con- 
 siderable number of troops from Mercer County. The exact number 
 of men furnished by the county could not be ascertained. The state- 
 ment of the enlistment, up to December 1, 1863, is taken from the 
 adjutant-general' s report. It does not include, of course, troops which 
 entered regiments from other States, and there were a large number 
 that enlisted after that date. 
 
 Up to December 1, 1863, the whole number of men that had enlisted 
 in the United States service from Mercer County was 424, distributed 
 as follows: Twenty-thu'd Infantry 116; Twenty-fifth Infantry 1; 
 Twenty-seventh Infantry, 79; Thirtieth Infantry, 1; Thirty-fifth In- 
 fantry, 67; Second Cavalry, 77; Seventh Cavalry, 12; Eleventh Cav- 
 alry, 2; Twelfth Cavalry, 69. The total number enlisted in the Mis- 
 souri State Militia was 228, distributed as follows: First Cavalry, 
 16; Third Cavalry, 178; Sixth Cavalry, 8; Seventh Cavalry, 26. 
 
 The Tiventy-third Regiment. — Among the first volunteers for the 
 United States service from Mercer County were those that joined Com- 
 panies A and C, of the Twenty-third Regiment Missouri Infantry. Com- 
 pany A was organized at Wintersville, in Sullivan County, about one- 
 half of its members being from Mercer County. The ofiicers selected 
 were J. T. Dunlap, captain; J. C. Webb, first lieutenant; William O. 
 Seaman, second lieutenant, andT. C. McNabb, orderly sergeant. Com- 
 pany C was recruited principally in the south part of the county, and 
 was organized with Jacob A. Trumbo as captain, J. H. Munn, first 
 lieutenant, and J. P. Martin, second lieutenant. 
 
 The regiment was organized at Chillicothe, Mo., in September, 
 1861, with J. T. TindaU as colonel; J. Martin, lieutenant-colonel, and 
 John McCullough, major. It went from Chillicothe to St. Louis, and 
 thence to Shiloh, where it participated in the battles of April 6 and 7, 
 sufPering severe loss. Among the killed was Col. Tindall, who was 
 
STATE OF MISSODRI. 449 
 
 then succeeded in the command of the regiment by W. B. Eobinson. 
 After the battle of Shiloh, the regiment retui'ned to Missouri, and 
 after recruiting, guarded prisoners in St. Louis until July, 1862, when 
 it was sent to Rolla, Mo. It was employed there for some time in get- 
 ting out timber, and was subsequently placed on guard duty along 
 the railroad from St. Louis <o Jefferson City. In the fall of 1863 
 it was sent to McMinnville, Tenn. ; thence to Murfi-eesboro ; thence 
 to Christiana, and from there back to Stone Kiver Bridge. It then 
 returned to McMinnville, and from that place j)roceeded to join Sher- 
 man's army for the Atlanta campaign, being assigned to the Four- 
 teenth Army Corps. It was on duty all the time on this campaign, 
 but was not engaged in any of the battles. After the capture of 
 Atlanta, all except the veterans and recruits were mustered out, on 
 account of the expiration of their term of service. Those continued 
 with Sherman on his march to the sea, and at Savannah were consoli- 
 dated into four companies. Prior to this time the officers of Com- 
 panies A and C had undergone many changes. Lieut. J. C. Webb, 
 of Company A, resigned in the spring of 1863, and was succeeded by 
 W. O. Seaman. In July, 1863, Capt. Dunlap resigned, and Lucien 
 Eaton, of St. Louis, was promoted to this vacancy, but never joined 
 the company, which was then commanded by Lieut. Seaman, who was 
 killed at Atlanta on July 29, 1864. T. C. McNabb was then commis- 
 sioned captain, and E. D. Giles, lieutenant; but both, within a week, 
 were mustered out, and during the march from Atlanta to Savannah, 
 the company was without a single commissioned officer. Upon the 
 consolidation, J. E. Hill, of this company, was made captain of Com- 
 pany D, with AV. W. Mock as first lieutenant, and F. M. Broughton, 
 second lieutenant; but none of these officers were mustered. 
 
 Of Company C, Capt. Trumbo was promoted to major in October, 
 1863, and was succeeded by J. A. Brewer. In February, 1863, Lieut. 
 Munn resigned, and was succeeded by B. F. Wyatt, who had become 
 second lieutenant upon the promotion of J. P. Martin, in March, 
 1862. Wyatt was succeeded as second lieutenant by William F. 
 Hughes. 
 
 The Txventy -seventh Regiment. — Company A, of this regiment, was 
 recruited in Mercer County, and organized September 4, 1862, with 
 Cyrus C. Bemis as captain, F. M. Shelton, first lieutenant, and 
 Thomas Smith, second lieutenant. Four companies of the regiment 
 were mustered into service on September 25, 1862. During the next 
 six weeks two more companies were added, and the organization was 
 completed by the assignment to the regiment of three veteran com- 
 
450 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 panies, which in the Fifth and Sixteenth Missouri had done good 
 service at Donelson, Shiloh and Pea Ridge, and by the muster in of 
 the tenth company January 8, 1863; it was placed under the com- 
 mand of Col. Thomas Curley, with A. Jacobson as lieutenant-colonel. 
 During its organization it did guard duty, first at Chillicothe and 
 afterward as provost-marshals, St. Louis. After organization it was 
 ordered to Raleigh, where it remained until March 1, 1863, when it 
 marched to join the army before Vicksburg. It an-ived on March 20, and 
 was assigned to the brigade of Gen. F. P. Blair, First Division, 
 Fifteenth Army Corps, under Gen. Stoneman. It was in the whole 
 campaign around Vicksburg, and went on the long march to Chat- 
 tanooga. It participated in the fight at Tuscumbia, Ala., and held 
 the advance of Osterhaus' division, at the battles of Lookout Mountain 
 and Missionary Ridge, in the last of which it captured nearly double 
 its numbers in prisoners. On the Atlanta campaign it participated in 
 seven different engagements besides the siege of Atlanta. It then 
 went with Sherman in his famous march to the sea, and about 
 Janaary 12, 1865, was transferred from Savannah to Beaufort, S. C, 
 and afterward participated in the battle of Bentonville. It entered 
 Raleigh, N. C, April 16, 1865, where it remained until May 1, when 
 it went to Washington City. It was mustered out June 18, 1865. 
 
 The Thirty-fifth Regiment. —Company C, of the Thirty-fifth Missouri 
 Infantry, was made up atChillicothe,Mo., from members of Capt. James 
 Bradley's and Capt. Elisha Vanderpool's companies of Home Guards, 
 who were on a scout after QuantreU. The officers elected were Elisha 
 Vanderpool, captain; William H. Roberts, first lieutenant; W. L. 
 Jerome, second lieutenant, and John Stevens, orderly sergeant. 
 Jerome resigned in about three months, and was succeeded by Julius 
 Karnash, who died July 5, 1864. 
 
 The regiment was organized December 3, 1862, with Samuel 
 A. Foster as colonel; Thomas F. Kimball, lieutenant- colonel, and 
 Thomas H. Penny, major. After several transfers: from St. Louis 
 to Jefferson City; from that place back to St. Louis; thence to 
 Columbus, Ky. , it was ordered to Helena, Ark. , where it arrived in 
 January, 1863. From that time until April, 1865, the headquarters 
 of the regiment were at Helena, but several qiiite extensive expeditions 
 were made by different detachments. One of these detachments, 
 consisting of men fi-om Company C, under Capt. Vanderpool, was 
 ordered on a scout into Mississippi on October 24, 1864. It made a cir- 
 cuit of some forty or fifty miles, captured several prisoners, some arms 
 and ammunition, and returned without the loss of a man. In April, 
 
STATE OF MISSOUEI. 451 
 
 1865, the regiment was transferred to Little Eock by steamboat, and 
 on June 28, 1865, was discharged. The men then proceeded to Ben- 
 ton Barracks where thej were paid ofP. 
 
 The Foriy -fourth Infantry. — Company D, of the Forty-fourth Mis- 
 souri Infantry, was organized at Princeton, Mo. , and mustered into 
 service on September 10, 1864. The ofScers were William B. Rog- 
 ers, captain; Eobert Pixler, first lieutenant, and Aaron Mcintosh, 
 second lieutenant. Pixler died at Memphis, Tenn., on February 11, 
 1865, and Mcintosh was promoted to the first lieutenancy. 
 
 The regiment rendezvoused at St. Joseph, where a part of it was 
 mustered in, but before the organization was ivllj completed it was or- 
 dered to Rolla to oppose Gen. Price, who was expected there. The regi- 
 ment reached there by train on September 18, 1864, and the organiza- 
 tion was then completed. The officers were R. C Bradshaw, colonel; A. 
 J. Barr, lieutenant-colonel, and Roger A. De Bolt, major. On 
 November 6 the regiment was ordered to Paducah, Ky. , where 
 it arrived on the 16th. This order aroused much disatisfaction, as the 
 volunteers had been promised that they would not be ordered out of 
 the State. Every one, however, did his duty, and no regiment in the 
 army made a more honorable record for the time it was in the service. 
 From Paducah, Ky. , it proceeded to Nashville Tenn., where it arrived 
 on November 27. It was sent at once to Columbia, and assigned 
 to the Twenty-third Army Corps. It took an active part in the battle 
 at Spring Hill, and rendered effective service at Franklin. In the latter 
 battle, just before sunset, it was ordered to charge the line in front of 
 it, which outnumbered it five to one. In this charge Col. Bradshaw 
 received seven wounds, and two lieutenants and thirty-five privates were 
 killed. It was subsequently charged four times by the enemy, but 
 repulsed them each time. It reached Nashville on December 4, 1864, 
 having lost altogether about 300 men. It was placed in the command 
 of A. J. Smith, and thus was engaged in the battle before Nashville. 
 It followed in the pursuit of Hood's army to Clifton, and then went 
 by steamboat to Eastport, Miss. It remained there until February 6, 
 1865, then went to New Orleans; thence to Spanish Fort, in the siege 
 and capture of which it participated. It afterward went to Montgomery, 
 Tiiskegee, Vicksburg, and finally arrived in St. Louis on August 15, 
 1865, having traveled over 5, 700 miles, 740 of which were on foot. 
 
 The Second Cavalry. — Company G, of the Second Regiment, Mis- 
 souri Cavalry, composed mainly of Mercer County men, was organized 
 by Capt. C. G. Marshall, at Chillicothe, Mo., and was mustered into 
 service as an independent company on August 15, 1861. On the 28th 
 
452 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 day of the same month it started for Benton Barracks, St. Louis, 
 where it joined a regiment then being organized by Lewis Merrill, 
 which was afterward known as "Merrill's Horse." There the com- 
 pany was reorganized with J. W. Baird, as captain; C W. McLain, 
 fii'st lieutenant, and George F. Lovejoy, second lieutenant. The 
 regimental officers chosen were Lewis Merrill, colonel; William F. 
 SchaefFer, lieutenant-colonel, and George C. Marshall and C. B. 
 Hunt, majors. On October 3 the regiment left Benton Barracks, and 
 marched to Springfield, Mo. , from which place, after a reconnoiter 
 in the direction of Wilson's Creek, it was ordered to Sedalia, where 
 it remained until January, 1862, scouting and dispersing guerrillas, 
 in an engagement with whom Maj. Marshall was killed. He was suc- 
 ceeded by J. Y. Clipper, who in May, 1863, became lieutenant-colonel 
 of the regiment. From Sedalia the regiment was ordered into 
 Northeast Missouri, where it was divided into four squadrons, which 
 were stationed at different points. The detachment to which Company 
 D belonged was first stationed at Glasgow, afterward at Sturgeon, 
 and finally was ordered to Warrenton, where it remained until March, 
 1863. A part of the regiment on July 18, 1862, met the Confederates 
 imder Joe Porter, near Memphis. This detachment numbered only 
 200 men, but with the aid of Maj. J. B. Rogers, with the Ninth Mis- 
 souri, succeeded in routing the enemy, numbering about 800 men. 
 They followed the enemy into Boone County, where they were joined 
 by 100 more of " Merrill' s Horse, " and other reinforcements. The 
 enemy was also reinforced. A second contest ensued, which resulted 
 in the same manner as the first. On August 6, 1862, another engage- 
 ment with Porter took place at Kirksville. Here the Union troops 
 were under the command of Col. John McNeill, who had joined them. 
 The fight lasted about two houi's and forty minutes, and resulted in a 
 complete rout of the Confederates, with a loss in killed and wounded 
 of not less than 500. Porter' s force numbered about 2, 500, while 
 the Union troops did not much exceed 500. Poindexter, who was 
 striving* to join Porter, was attacked by a detachment of the Second 
 Cavalry, under C. B. Hunt, and defeated. 
 
 Company D, after leaving Warrenton in March, 1863, marched to 
 Mexico, but in May, following, returned to WaiTenton where the regi- 
 ment was concentrated. Up to this time several changes had taken 
 place in the comjjany and regimental officers. Capt. Baird was killed 
 on September 6, 1862, and was succeeded by Lieut. C. W. McLain, 
 who in tarn was followed as first lieutenant by J. N. Condrey. On 
 July 1, 1862, J. W. Rohrer became second-lieutenant, vice Bradshaw, 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 453 
 
 promoted to be first lieutenant of Company A. Rohrer continued as 
 second lieiitenant imtil May, 1863, when he became first lieutenant of 
 Company F, and was succeeded by G. W. Bradshaw. In November, 
 1862, Maj. Hunt was promoted to be lieiitenant-colonel, in which 
 position he continued until March, 1863, when he resigned, but was 
 afterward reinstated after the resignation of his successor, J. Y. 
 Clipper. 
 
 The regiment, as before stated, concentrated at Warrenton, Mo. , and 
 in July, 1863, marched into Ai-kansas, by the way of Pilot Knob. It 
 participated in the capture of Little Rock, and, during the winter of 
 1863 and 1864 was stationed at Brownsville, Ark. In March, 
 186-4, it went on an expedition to Arkadelphia, Camden and Princeton, 
 returning to Little Rock. It was then engaged in scouting after 
 guerrillas, guarding railroads, breaking up rebel bands, and such 
 other service as the cavalry in the west was called upon to perform. 
 It was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn. , September 19, 1865. 
 In February, 1864, a part of the regiment re-enlisted, and the fol- 
 lowing July went to St. Louis, where it was reorganized. It then 
 went to join the army of the Cumberland, on the Atlanta campaign, 
 after which it returned to Chattanooga, where it remained about two 
 months. 
 
 At the time of its muster out the regimental officers were Lewis 
 Merrill, colonel; C. B. Hunt, lieutenant-colonel; and C. W. Mc- 
 Lain and George M. Houston, majors. The company officers were 
 J. W. Rohrer, captain; W. J. Cripps, first lieutenant; and John K. 
 Wilson, second lieutenant. 
 
 The Twelfth Cavalry (of which one company was recruited in 
 Mercer County) was not fully organized iintil March 23, 1864. 
 The officers were Oliver Wells, colonel; R. H. Brown, lieutenant- 
 colonel; J. M. Hubbard and Edward Nash, majors. The regi- 
 ment was assigned to duty in St. Louis, where it remained until 
 June 1, when it was ordered to Memphis. It was then assigned to 
 the First Division of cavalry of the district of West Tennessee, com- 
 manded by Gen. Hatch. It was first under fire on the old battle 
 ground of Grant, on the Tallahatchie, losing two killed and three 
 wounded. It formed a part of A. J. Smith's force in his expedition 
 to Oxford, Miss., and after its return remained at Whites' Station 
 until September 30, 1864, when it marched across the Tennessee 
 River to intercept Forrest at Lawrenceburg, but missed him one day. 
 It encamped at Clifton until October 27, when it went to Pulaski to 
 meet Hood. He came up on the 8th of November, and the regiment 
 
454 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 was engaged with him daily until the 22d. On the 19th, while in 
 camp at Lawrenceburg, it was attacked by an overwhelming force, and 
 fell back. On the 24th it was engaged at Campbellsville, and brought 
 up the rear of the army, losing eight men in killed and wounded, and 
 one hundred prisoners. It aiTived at Columbia on the 25th, and fi'om 
 that time until the army reached Nashville was continually skirmish- 
 ing. On the 12th of December it crossed the Cumberland River, and 
 took position on the right of the Sixteenth Army Corps. On the 
 first day's iight it lost fifteen killed and wounded. After the retreat 
 of Hood it was ordered to Eastport, Miss. , where it was mounted on 
 mules, and did much scouting in Mississippi and Alabama. On May 
 12, 1865, it was ordered with the brigade to the support of Gen. 
 Dodge, commanding the department of Missouri. The brigade arrived 
 at St. Louis on the 17th. The Twelfth Regiment was then ordered 
 to Leavenworth, Kas. , thence to Omaha, and finally, with the Second 
 Artillery (Missouri), to Fort Alexander, on the Yellowstone. On 
 September 20 it went to Fort Conner, and on the 4th of October 
 arrived at Fort Laramie. 
 
 The Fifth Kansas Cavalry comprised two companies from Mer- 
 cer County. Company B was organized near Ravanna, Mo. , in 
 .July, 1861, with John R. Clark as captain, Jacob Loutzenhizer, 
 first lieutenant (succeeded before muster by A. J. Mcintosh), H. 
 J. Alley, second lieutenant, and E. J. Abrams, orderly sergeant. 
 It was composed of men from several Home Guard companies, and 
 was organized for the Eighteenth Missouri Infantry, but Col. John- 
 son, from Leavenworth, Kas. , who was organizing a cavalry regiment, 
 induced this company to enter his regiment. It left Princeton on 
 August 7, 1861, and went to Trenton, where it was joined by company 
 C, also fi-om Mercer, and a company from Iowa. All then proceeded 
 to Leavenworth, Kas., where they were mustered into service on 
 August 12. The regiment was organized by electing John Richey 
 lieutenant-colonel, and James H. Summers, major. It then went to 
 Fort Scott, where it remained a week. It then had some skirmishing 
 with Price' s army which was on its way to Lexington under command 
 of Gens. McLain and Montgomery. It was afterward ordered to Kansas 
 City, and on the way there captured Morristown with the loss of Col. 
 Johnson and three other men. Col. Johnson was succeeded by 
 Powell Clayton. After about three weeks the regiment was ordered 
 to Springfield, Mo. , but soon returned to Fort Scott. About January 
 1, 1862, it went into winter quarters, and in the spring was ordered 
 to Lamar, Mo., thence to Carthage, at which place it was at the time 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 455 
 
 of the battle of Pea Ridge. It afterward went to Springfield and 
 Raleigh, and about the last of June took charge of a provision train 
 en route for Curtis' army. After this service was completed it 
 marched to Helena, Ark., where it remained about one year, en- 
 gaged in scouting, etc. In Augviat, 1863, it advanced with Gen. 
 Steel to Little Rock, and took an active part in that campaign. It 
 then went to Pine Bluff, where it remained until the next fall. It 
 comprised a part of the 640 men, who, in the public square of that 
 town, on October 25, 1863, repulsed Gen. Marmaduke with 3,400 
 men. The regiment was mustered out on September 10, 1864, at 
 Leavenworth, Kas. Company C, of this regiment, was organized 
 at Modena, in Madison Township, with Garrett Gibson as captain, 
 James H. Summers, first lieutenant; C. G. Bridges, second lieutenant, 
 and Wesley Beck, orderly sergeant. At the organization of the 
 regiment Summers became a major, and was succeeded by Bridges, 
 whose place was then filled by O. H. P. Cox. Cox and Bridges sub- 
 sequently resigned, and were succeeded by Jerry Saunders and D. D. 
 Daly, who became first and second lieutenants, respectively. Gibson re- 
 signed in June, 1862, and was succeeded in the command of the com- 
 pany by James Heading. 
 
 Third Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. — Three companies of the 
 Third Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, were recruited mainly in Mercer 
 County. Company E was organized on April 4, 1862, from recruits 
 from the western poiiion of the county. The captain was Charles B. 
 McAfee ; first lieutenant, L.Cornwell; and second lieutenant, W. H. Bur- 
 ris. Cornwell resigned in May, 1862, and was succeeded by William 
 C. Frazier, who also resigned in September, following. The position 
 was then filled by S. S. Clark. Lieut. Burris resigned in September, 
 1862, and was succeeded by Thomas Perkins. Upon the consolidation 
 of the Third Regiment with the Sixth and Seventh Regiments, this 
 company became Company M, of the Sixth. Company F was organized 
 on April 4, 1862, with Squire Ballew as captain; George T. Prichard, 
 first lieutenant; George T. Hamlin, second lieutenant, and Abraham 
 Patton orderly sergeant. Prichard resigned in June, 1863, and was 
 succeeded by George W. Calvin. On September 15, 1864, Hamlin 
 became captain. Company G was also organized on the 5th of April, 
 1862. The officers elected were as follows: H. J. Stanley, captain; 
 William B. Ballew, first lieutenant, and Isaac N. Clark, second 
 lieutenant. On July 28, 1862, William B. Ballew became captain; 
 Elisha Home, first lieutenant, and William D. Wilson, second 
 lieutenant. 
 
456 HISTOKY OF MEECEE COUNTY. 
 
 The regiment was organized at Chillicothe, Mo., with Walter 
 King as colonel, J. H. Shanklin, lieutenant-colonel, and H. O. Neville, 
 major. Soon after the organization Neville was promoted to the rank 
 of lieutenant-colonel, and was succeeded as major by Abraham Allen. 
 The regiment marched from Chillicothe to Sedalia, thence to Spring- 
 field and to Cassville. It remained at the latter place about three 
 weeks, and then scouted through the southern part of the State, also 
 participating in the iight at Springfield. In May, 1863, it was broken 
 up, and consolidated with the Sixth and Seventh Regiments. Company 
 F became Company I, and Company G became Company K of the 
 Seventh Regiment, of which John L. Phillips was colonel, T. T. Crit- 
 tenden lieutenant-colonel, and Thomas Hensley, major. This regi- 
 ment went fi'om Springfield to Greenfield, through Southern Missouri 
 and Arkansas, engaging in several encounters with gneiTillas. On 
 August 1, 1863, it was transferred from the Southwestern District to 
 the Central District, where it remained the remainder of the year, 
 and participated in the pursuit of Gen. Price and the capture of Mar- 
 maduke. The remainder of the time it did guard duty in the Cen- 
 tral District, and was mustered out of service at Warrensbui'g on April 
 7, 1865. 
 
 The Sixth Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. — Company H, of this 
 regiment, was organized at Cameron, Mo. , and contained about twenty- 
 five men from Mercer County. The oflicers were H. V. Stahl, captain; 
 James Overman, first lieutenant; J. H. Shelly, second lieutenant. On 
 April 80, 1862, Company H, with seven other companies, was organized 
 into a regiment with E. C. Catherwood as colonel. It sei-ved in 
 Northwest Missouri until February, 1863, when it was joined by Com- 
 panies A, B, C and E of the Third Regiment, which became Compa- 
 nies I, K, L and M, respectively. The regiment was then stationed 
 at Warrensburg until March, when it was divided into detachments, 
 which were placed at Linn Creek, Warsaw and Osceola. These de- 
 tachments were changed about some from time to time, and on July 
 1, 1863, were transferred from the Western District to the Southwest- 
 ern District. A part was concentrated at Warsaw; Companies I, K 
 and M went to Newtonia, and others went to Springfield, and reported 
 to Col. John McNeill. Col. Catherwood, with Companies B, F, G and 
 H, and detachments from A, C, E and L, marched in pursuit of the 
 rebels under Coffee, by whom he was attacked at Pineville, Mo., on 
 August 12, 1863. In a fight of a few minutes he routed Coffee, with 
 a loss of froto sixty to seventy-five men in killed and wounded. From 
 Pineville ho marched to Bentonville, thence to Fort Gibson, Ind. Ty. , 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 457 
 
 and there joined Gen. Blunt, and participated in his campaign. He 
 then marched back to Springfield, arriving on September 18, 1863. 
 On October 4, 1863, Companies I, K and M, under Capt. McAfee, 
 were attacked by Shelby, Hunter and Coffee, and captured and paroled. 
 The latter being in violation of the cartel of exchange, the men were 
 returned at once to duty. The remainder of the regiment started in 
 pursuit of the rebels, who were overtaken, and attacked at Humansville, 
 and routed. The remainder of the year was spent in scouting and 
 escorting trains. In 1864 the regiment participated in the campaign 
 against Price, and was engaged at Jefferson City, Russell ville,Boonville, 
 Dover, Independence, Big Blue, Osage and Newtonia. In the spring 
 of 1864 several of Company H veteranized, among whom were J. H. 
 Shelly and about a dozen others from Mercer County. They entered 
 Company D, of the Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, 
 of which J. H. Shelly became captain. By the time the regiment 
 was fairly equipped it engaged in very active service in Central Mis- 
 Boui'i, and was then placed in Gen. Pleasanton's army, with which it 
 participated in the operations against Gen. Price. It was stationed 
 at Raleigh, Mo. , during the winter of 1864-65. About May, 1865, 
 it marched to Fort Dodge, Kas. It remained there and along the 
 Santa Fe trail, doing guard duty, until the latter part of the summer. 
 It then went to Fort Riley, and in October marched to Denver, Colo. , 
 where the regiment was broken up into detachments. Capt. Shelly' s 
 company was stationed at Fort Wardwell during the winter of 1865-66. 
 In May, 1866, it was ordered to Fort Leavenworth, where it was mus- 
 tered out. 
 
 The Forty-fourth Regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia was 
 organized in Mercer County, on October 24, 1862. William B. Rog- 
 ers was commissioned colonel; W. H. Herrington, lieutenant-colonel; 
 D. M. King, major; B. F. Cornwell, adjutant? James Stewart, quar- 
 termaster; Ira Blakely, surgeon. The last named was succeeded by 
 S. H. Ferryman. 
 
 Company A of this regiment was organized from residents of "Wash- 
 ington and Madison Townships, on August 14, 1862, with James 
 Bradley as captain; John Thogmartin, first lieutenant, and John 
 McLaughlin as second lieutenant. Company B was also organized in 
 Morgan Township, in August, 1862. The officers were John D. Ran- 
 dall, captain; James Dykes, first lieutenant, and Green Wilson, sec- 
 ond lieutenant. Randall resigned in May, 1864, and was succeeded 
 by H. J. Herrick. Company C was organized in the vicinity of Mid- 
 dlebury, in November, 1862, with Thomas J. Wyatt, captain; K. L. 
 
458 HISTOEY OF MERGER COUNTY. 
 
 Williams, first lieutenant, and S. "VT. Reed, second lieutenant. Com- 
 pany D was organized in Medicine Township, in September, 1862. 
 Elijah Hunt whs captain; J. C. Nichols, first lieutenant, and George 
 S. Rhodes, second lieutenant. Company E was organized in Marion 
 Township, about September 1, 1862, with H. J. Alley as captain; J. 
 L. Perkins, first lieutenant, and J. G. Early, second lieutenant. 
 Coinpany F was organized in Madison Township, in November, 1862, 
 with Adam O. Nigh as captain; Samuel Smith as first lieutenant and 
 Robert Thogmartin, second lieutenant. Company G was organized 
 in September, 1862, in Lindley Township. William Dykes was 
 chosen captain; Ezekiel Sexton, first lieutenant, and Franklin Brogan, 
 second lieutenant. Company H was organized in Harrison Township, 
 in September, 1862, with Jackson Prichard as captain; Robert Pixler, 
 first lieutenant, and S. E. Mickey, second lieutenant. Pixler resigned 
 in September, 1864, and was succeeded by Mickey, whose place was 
 then filled by M. V. Trapp. Company I was composed of men living 
 in the vicinity of Ravanna, and was organized with J. A. Kennedy as 
 captain; John Finn, first lieutenant, and Samuel S. Lovsrry, second 
 lieutenant. Company K was organized with W. T. Brovsning, cap- 
 tain; Marcellus Moss, first lieutenant, and William C. Reese, second 
 lieutenant. 
 
 This regiment acted merely as a home guard, the organization 
 being maintained that it might be called out in the case of an emer- 
 gency. 
 
 The Thirty -fifth Militia . — After the disbanding of the troops in 
 1865, several militia regiments were organized in the State to preserve 
 order and quiet disturbance. The regiment in Mercer County was 
 numbered the Thirty-fifth. It was organized on October 4, 1865, 
 with D. M. King as colonel; C. H. Stewart, lieutenant-colonel; 
 Thomas J. Wyatt, major; H. J. Alley, adjutant; Nathan Arnold, 
 quartermaster, and Knight G. Smith, surgeon. Of Company A, E. 
 R. Sexton was captain, and William S. Cardie a lieutenant; Company 
 B, J. F. Stephens, captain, and Stephen Crouse, lieutenant; Com- 
 pany C, J. H. Thogmartin, captain; Company D, David Loury, captain, 
 and Jacob Loutzenhiser and S. S. Lowry, lieutenants; Company E, 
 William Speer, captain and Jesse Trapp and F. M. Walker, lieuten- 
 ants; Company P, William Power, lieutenant; Company G, James 
 Nichols and R. G. Miller, lieutenants; Company H, Samuel L. 
 Strong, captain, and A. R. Patton and George H. Calvin, lieutenants, 
 and Company K, Eli Bruner, lieutenant. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 45*9 
 
 EELIGIOIJS HISTORY. 
 
 The Baptists. — The first regularly organized religious body in Mer- 
 cer County was Salem Baptist Church, constituted about 1840 by Heniy 
 Henderson and James and Elijah Merrill, in the western part of 
 Washington Township. Among the first members were John B. 
 Howard and wife, Lewis Gibson and wife, Mrs. Nancy Gibson (wife of 
 James Gibson), Henry and Patrick McKern and wives, Mrs. Hila Brown, 
 and John Loe and wife. Soon after the organization of the chiu-ch a 
 schoolhouse was built in the neighborhood, and this was used for holding 
 divine service. After a few years, through internal dissensions and dis- 
 cord, the society was broken up. Subsequently an attempt was made to 
 organize a Primitive Baptist congregation at the same place, which 
 was partially successful, and regular services were held for a time. 
 
 The oldest Baptist Church in the county now in existence is 
 Providence Church, located at Half Rock. It was organized in 1844 
 by Elder Henry Henderson, at the house of John Pemberton in 
 Grundy County, with the following members: John V. Barnes, Susan- 
 nah Barnes, Eliza Pemberton, Ira Blakely, R. D. Blakely, Matilda 
 Crockett, and Rhoda Blakely. Among those who united with 
 the church during the first years of its existence were Arthusia A. 
 Keith, Aaron and Lydia Barnes, Jane StanturfP, Jane Barnes, James 
 and Mary J. Boyles, Mary A. ChafFes, P. M. Hill, Anderson and 
 Margaret Thomas, John M. Sutton, Polly Wasson, Melinda Roberts, 
 John Swopes, Sarah McKern, William Cunningham, G. C. Hill, 
 Sarah H. Devolve and James E. Devolve. 
 
 No regular place of worship was had until 1848, when it was 
 agreed to meet one-half of the time at William Wyatt'snear old Mid- 
 dlebury, and the other half at the house of John V. Barnes on Honey 
 Creek. From 1856 to 1858 meetings were held at Liberty schoolhouse. 
 In the latter year a new schoolhouse was erected on the southwest 
 quarter, Section 11, Township 63, Range 23, which was the meeting 
 place until 1873, when the building was burned. The meetings were 
 then transferred to Farmer's Valley schoolhouse, in Grundy County, 
 but from 1874 the services were held a part of the time at what is 
 known as Lyon's schoolhouse situated on Section 2 of the same range 
 and township mentioned above. In 1878 a church building was 
 erected at Half Rock, where the congregation has since worshiped. 
 
 The first pastor of the church was Elder Henry M. Henderson, who 
 was succeeded by L'a Blakely. The latter was ordained in August, 
 1845, was chosen pastor in 1848, and ended his service in May, 1854. 
 His successor was Jesse Goins, who continued for three years, when 
 
460 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 Newton Halsey was chosen. The following is a list of the subsequent 
 pastors with the date of election: Ira Blakely, April, 1859; John B. 
 Murphy, May, 186-4; Hiram Casteel, August, 1865; Andrew M. 
 Green, September, 1866; James K. Nordyke, December, 1870; Joseph 
 E. Bondurant, May, 1872; Paul McCollum, September, 1873; James 
 E. Nordyke, December, 1874; P. W. Noles, October, 1876; J. L. 
 Cole, September, 1877; J. R. Nordyke, November, 1878; George 
 W. Hen-en, November, 1879; W. W. Gillespie, October, 1880; J. R. 
 Nordyke, December, 1881, and James Brassfield, the present pastor, 
 January, 1883. 
 
 Of the revival meetings held by this church, one of the most suc- 
 cessful was begun on November 13, 1879, by Elder G. A. Crouch. It 
 continued for one month, dtiring which time over twenty were added 
 to the church. Another successful revival was conducted by the pas- 
 tor in February, 1885. The conversions were numerous. Over thirty- 
 five united with Providence Church, while several joined the Meth- 
 odists and Christians. The present membership is 113. 
 
 In December, 1883, a Sunday-school was organized by J. A. 
 Kenneday, of Ravanna, with N. S. Smith as superintendent. The 
 present superintendent is Samuel Mmray. The enrollment is 114. 
 The following have been the clerks of Providence Chui-ch since its 
 organization: Robert D. Blakely, 1844-49; Pleasant M. Hill, 1849-57; 
 Daniel N. Hill, 1857-63; Pleasant M. Hill, 1863-70; Samuel Cun- 
 ningham, 1870-77; Lewis C. Hill, 1877-78; James G. Brittian, 1878. 
 
 The next oldest Baptist Church in the county is at Princeton. It 
 was organized on the second Satui'day in March, 1848, with Elder 
 Edward Benson as moderator; R. D. Blakely, clerk, and the following 
 constituent members, all formerly attached to Zoar Church at Gaines- 
 ville, Harrison County: Israel Nordyke and wife, Almira, Thomas J. 
 Harper, John Harper, Sarah Harper, Wiley Cook and wife, Lucinda, 
 Sylvia J. Harper, J. M. Smith and wife, Rosanna, Eliza A. Harper, 
 Simon Adamson, Jesse Adamson, Priscilla Adamson, Mary Boxley, 
 James Herriford and wife, Rosanna, Robert Campbell, Catharine 
 Girdner. 
 
 Services were first held in the log courthouse. About 1857 a frame 
 structure was erected, which served as a house of worship until 1874, 
 when the present neat church 30x50 feet was built. The first pastor 
 was John Woodward, who served the church for eleven years. He 
 was succeeded by Ira Blakely, but in a short time was reinstated, 
 serving again for several years. Since that time the pastors have 
 been S. L. Strong, J. W. Luke, J. C. Midyett, Rev. Moody and J. 
 L. Carmichael. The present membership of the church is 150. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 461 
 
 In September, 1886, the North Grand River Association held its 
 annual meeting with this church, at which time the following constit- 
 uent members were present: Sarah Harper, aged ninety-six; Wiley 
 Cook, aged seventy; Mrs. Cook, aged seventy-two; Rosanna Herri- 
 ford, aged seventy-two, and Catharine Girdner, aged sixty-nine. 
 
 East Fork Baptist Church, in the northern part of Morgan Town- 
 ship, is an offshoot from the Princeton Church. Prior to its organ- 
 ization as a separate body, services had been held at a log school- 
 house, near the present church building. It was organized by Ches- 
 ley Woodward and his son, John, in 1858, and among its first mem- 
 bers were Heniy Lewis and wife, Sarah; James Ruth and wife, Ellen; 
 Preston Young and family; Isaac Foster and wife; Henry Hickman 
 and wife; James Mulvaney and wife, Nancy; and Abner George 
 and wife, Sarah. The old log building was occupied until just 
 prior to the war, when a church house was erected, and partly 
 completed. It was used as a church, and was also leased for a school- 
 house, until the erection of the present building in 1874. It is a 
 frame, 32x40 feet. 
 
 John Woodward, who assisted to organize the church, ministered 
 to it for many years. Some of his successors have been Israel Nor- 
 dyke, William Goodale, James M. Woodward, Samuel Strong, J, R. 
 Nordyke, and the present pastor, J. W. B. Cox. At one time this 
 society was the largest in the county, numbering nearly 200 members, 
 but it has since somewhat decreased. 
 
 The Baptist Church at Ravanna was constituted on March 1, 1859, 
 by Elders James Turner and Newton J. Halsey. The members 
 were James Ellis, Thomas J. Lieuallen, Samuel Gray, Mary- 
 Gray and Mary A. Stockton, to whom were added J. A. Ken- 
 nedy, Joshua and Nancy Combs, Elizabeth Herriman, Mabel Stockton, 
 Sarah Hannah, Samuel L. Strong and Ellen and Mary A. Cross, who 
 adopted the Bible ' ' as our only guide and rule of action in all things. ' ' 
 The members were so badly scattered during the war, that, at its close, 
 but two, J. A. Kennedy and Elizabeth Herriman, remained. It was 
 therefore resolved to dissolve the old organization, and on September 
 30, 1867, a new society was constituted by Elders A. M. Green and 
 H. H. Turner. It consisted of the two old members and Thomas 
 Cooper, W. B. Rogers, M. Summers, Reuben Walker, W. T. Beachem, 
 Elizabeth Beachem and James Herriman. Elder A. M. Green was 
 chosen pastor, and W. B. Rogers, clerk. During the.first year twenty- 
 five members were added, several of whom were brought in during a 
 two-weeks' meeting held by Elders J. H. Burrows and D. O. Harri- 
 
462 HISTOET OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 son. The same year the church resolved to build a house of worship, 
 meetings having been held up to this time in a schoolhouse used by- 
 several other denominations. The undertaking was a difficult one 
 owing to the paucity of the membership, and the fact that two other 
 societies were trying to build in Ravanna at the same time. A neat brick 
 building, however, was erected, and is stiU occupied by the chui'ch. 
 In October, 1868, Elder C. Woodward was called to the pastorate, 
 and with the exception of one year, when the pulpit was filled by J. M. 
 Woodward, continued until his death, on February 18, 1877. The 
 members then numbered twenty-one. No pastor was called during 
 that year, but in January, 1878, Elder R. Livingston held a two- 
 weeks' meeting. In November of the same year J. C. Midyett was 
 installed as pastor, and continued in that capacity until 1880, when he 
 was succeeded by W. W. Gillespie. The remaining pastors have been 
 Revs. Mr. Kincaid, J. L. Carmichael and I. S. Lowry, recently re- 
 signed. The present membership is forty-six. From its organization 
 until the present it has belonged to North Grand River Association, 
 with the exception of four years, from 1871 to 1875, when it was a 
 member of the North Central Association. 
 
 One of the first Sabbath-schools in the county was organized in the 
 spring of 1859 by J. A. Kennedy, of this church, and with the excep- 
 tion of about one year during the war, it has been maintained to the 
 present time. During the past fifteen years the school has missed 
 holding a meeting on but one Sunday. 
 
 Mill Grove Baptist Church was constituted on January 26, 1881, 
 by Elder P. M. McCullom with the following members: John Rus- 
 sell and wife, William Gose and wife, Warren Casey, W. P. Monnet, 
 David Gose, N. Y. Rogers and wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Blakely, Mrs. 
 Carrie Pratt, Mrs. Virginia Larimore, Laura Hill, G. V. Rogers and 
 wife. During the next fall a good fi'ame house was erected at a cost 
 of $1,200. In 1881 W. W. Gillespie became pastor of the church, and 
 continued for one year. His successor was James Woodward, who 
 also remained one year. The pulpit has since been iilled by David 
 Scott, J. R. Nordyke and P. McCullom. The church is now without 
 a pastor. 
 
 A Sabbath-school was organized in 1880, and maintained as a Bap- 
 tist school until 1886, since which time it has been known as a Union 
 school. The present superintendent is Joshua Canady. 
 
 Antioch Baptist Church was organized on April 3, 1884, with the 
 following constituent members: J. R. Nordyke, B. S. Nordyke, D. F. 
 Covey, George Laws, M. H. Abrams, Sarah Nordyke, Catharine 
 
STATE OP MISSOUKI. 463 
 
 Thomas, Elizabeth Collier, M. A. Nordyke,E. L. Nordyke, M. F. Nor- 
 dyke, M. E. Covey, L. C. Laws, and Margaret Applegate. J. L. 
 Carmichael was the first pastor, and was succeeded by I. S. Lowry, 
 who served two years. The members now number twenty- nine. 
 
 Mt. Carmel Baptist Church was organized by J. W. B. Cox, on 
 September 9, 1884, with J. M. Fugit, clerk; Levi Lose and W. F. 
 Crews, deacons; W. F. Lose, Rachel, Jane and Clara Lose, Mary 
 Rutherford, Nancy Ekiss, Mary A. Fugit, and Sarah J. Curtia. 
 J. W. B. Cox was chosen pastor and ministered to the church for one 
 year. He was succeeded by I. S. Lowry, but after eighteen months 
 was recalled, and now fills the pulpit. The members now number 
 twenty. Services are held in the district schoolhouse, "where a Union 
 Sabbath-school is maintained during the summer. 
 
 Liberty Baptist Chiu'ch was organized in the southeast part of 
 Madison Townshiis, in March, 1885, by Elder O. E. Newman, who 
 served as pastor for two years. Among the original members were 
 William Campbell and wife, Amanda Campbell, William Vanderford 
 and wife, James Vanderford, Rebecca Roberts, Christina Brummitt, 
 Celia Wilbern, Nancy Rector, Jesse Arney and wife, Laura Cook, 
 Henry Campbell, Elizabeth Vanderpool, John Barnes and wife, Jane 
 Barnes. The present membership is about thirty. Services are held 
 in a building erected as a Union Church in 1883. The present pastor 
 is Rev. Mr. Withered. 
 
 Friendship Baptist Church, now located in Grundy County, was 
 organized in the soiith part of Madison Township as early as 1845. 
 It held services at Chestnut schoolhouse. 
 
 A small congregation of Baptists was organized at Ilia in the win- 
 ter of 1887. The members are W. H. Lowry and wife, James Ship- 
 ley, Burton Cox and wife, Mrs. Nancy Thompson. 
 
 Pleasant Ridge Baptist Church was organized in Morgan Town- 
 ship in February, 1885, by Elders James M. Woodward, J. R. Nor- 
 dyke, and James Ruth. The original members were Urias Brogan, 
 clerk; George and Urias Brogan, deacons; James George and wife, 
 Margaret, J. H. Cate, P. A. Hickman, Elizabeth Leachman, Nancy 
 E. Abrams, Marie, Elizabeth and Sarah Hickman, Eliza Constable, 
 L. E. George, Jane George, Mary Brogan, R. C. Mulvaney and John 
 Leachman and wife, Elizabeth. Services are held once a month in 
 Liberty schoolhouse, on Section 18, Township 65, Range 24. The 
 members now number fifty-four, and a Sabbath-school of forty mem- 
 bers is maintained. The pastor is James M. Woodward. 
 
 Zion Baptist Church was organized at Hickory Grove schoolhouse 
 
464 HISTOEY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 on September 15, 1878, by Elder V. M. Harper, assisted by Elders 
 William Baldwin, J. H. Burrows and Joha Woodward. The original 
 members were Perry Robertson and George Thomas, deacons ; Amanda 
 Harper, clerk, and Emily and Martha Thomas, Margaret Robertson, 
 Nancy Robertson, Elizabeth Robertson, Sarah M. Hutchison, H. 
 Moss and Melissa Moss. The church building, which was erected in 
 1887, is situated in District No. 2, of Township 65, Range 25. 
 
 This church has been very prosperous since its organization, and 
 now has a membership numbering 122. Elder Harper has been the 
 pastor with the exception of one year, when the pulpit was filled by 
 Elder J. R. Nordyke. A Sunday-school numbering seventy-five 
 scholars and seven teachers is maintained under the superintendency 
 of W. H. Johnson. 
 
 The remaining Baptist Churches in the county are Freedom and 
 Concord, both of comparatively recent origin. 
 
 The Protestant Methodists. — The first Protestant Methodist Church 
 in Mercer County was organized at the house of William Yates, in Madi- 
 son Township, in May, 1845, by Rev. Nathan Winters, assisted by Rev. 
 Joab Halloway. Among the early members were William Yates and 
 wife, John Loe and wife, Joseph Pickett and wife, and Benjamin 
 Colonel and wife. * Services were held at private houses at first, then 
 at the Salem schoolhouse, Wiggiu' s schoolhouse, and the schoolhouse 
 at Modena, successively. In 1881 a neat frame church was erected 
 at Modena. Solomon Evans was pastor of the church for several 
 years. He was a man, eminent for his goodness and piety. He re- 
 moved to Ravanna, where he died in the summer of 1858. William 
 Yates was a local preacher, and is still living. W. A. Loe, a son of 
 John Loe, has for many years been a preacher in this chui'ch. He 
 began preaching in 1860, when only nineteen years of age, and was 
 ordained about 1867. He is now a resident of Princeton. Prior to 
 1863 the societies in Mercer County were included in what was known 
 as East Grand River circuit, but since that time there have been two 
 circuits — Modena, including the following appointments: Modena 
 Church, Centennial schoolhouse, Salem schoolhouse, and Liberty 
 church in Harrison Township; and Ravanna, including appointments 
 at Lebanon church, Somerset church. Boatman schoolhouse. Oak 
 schoolhouse, Painter's schoolhouse and Middleton's schoolhouse. The 
 society at Lebanon church is one of the oldest and largest in the 
 county. It was organized by Rev. Gabriel Williams, now stationed 
 
 *It was attached to Medicine Circuit over which Rev. Jesse GilUam then presided. The first 
 quarterly conference held with this church waa in May, 1346. 
 
STATE OF MISSOUKI. 465 
 
 at Gait, Grundy Co., Mo. While a missionary to Missouri, he 
 organized the North Missouri Mission, now North Missouri Conference, 
 and it was during this time, in 1847, that he organized Lebanon 
 church, with fourteen members. It proved very prosperous, and at 
 one time the membership reached 100. It is now about forty. Among 
 the early members were Benjamin Ader and wife, Sabrey ; Harvey Yates 
 and wife, Eosa; A. J. Collings and wife, Elizabeth M. ; Spencer Col- 
 lings and wife, Susan; Joseph Collings and wife, Lillie A. ; "William 
 Pickett and wife, Rachel ; Solomon Evans and wife, Sarah ; Thomas 
 Wiesner and wife, Miram; S. D. Collings and wife, Catherine, and 
 Jacob Ader and wife, Harriet. In 1876 a substantial frame chiu'ch 
 building was erected, and the society is now out of debt. 
 
 The society at Somerset was organized about 1882, with the follow- 
 ing members; Adam Bruner and wife, Dr. T. F. Calbreath and wife, 
 Fanny Robinson, Mary Mullinax, Mrs. Hickman, Robert Snodgrass 
 and family, and Henry Ellis and wife. 
 
 The Methodists. — Among the first settlers of the county were mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who eatly began to hold relig- 
 ious services and to organize themselves into societies. Meetings were 
 held at private residences or schoolhouses, and were usually conducted 
 by some local preacher or class leader, and occasionally by a circuit rider. 
 One of the early meeting places was at the house of Moses Pierce, about 
 three miles southwest of Mill Grove. In the settlement in the north- 
 east part of Marion Township meetings were held first at the house of 
 Joseph Sullivan, who was himself a local preacher, and afterward at 
 a schoolhouse erected in the neighborhood. Among the members of 
 this class were J. D. Laughlin, Mrs. T. H. P. Duncan, S. B. Porter, 
 James Cox, John E. Logan, John D. and H. P. Sullivan. Another 
 society was formed at the Girdner schoolhouse, near where Marion 
 station now is. Among the leading members were William Alley, 
 Floyd Fugit and William Jones. Another congregation was organized 
 at the Stout schoolhouse, on Medicine Creek, about six miles north of 
 the county line. James Harriman, James Reed, Belden Kellogg and 
 David Plum were members. One of the earliest of these early 
 societies was formed at what was known as Coon's schoolhouse, in 
 Washington Township. It embraced among its members William 
 Minter and wife, Jacob Coon and wife, Henry Coon, David Clemens 
 and wife, A. T. Minshall and wife, John Wilkinson and wife, James 
 Wilkinson and wife, Charles Ewing and wife, and James Ewing and 
 wife. About 1870 a good frame house was erected by this congrega- 
 tion, and is now known as the Pleasant Grove Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
466 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 Early in the fifties a society was organized in District No. 4, 
 Township 66, Range 23. Among its first members were David War- 
 den, Jacob Lower, Mrs. Charles Ewing, Mrs. McDonald and Elias 
 Lovett and wife. In 1859 a Sunday-school was organized, with Jacob 
 Lower as superintendent, and a Sunday-school library, probably the 
 first in the county, was purchased. This school has been maintained, 
 at least during the summer season, to the present time. It now num- 
 bers between seventy and eighty pupils, and is presided over by W. 
 H. Lowry. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at Somerset was first organized 
 in 1858, with the following members: Eli Bruner and wife, Hickman 
 Bruner and wife, Albert Bruse and wife, Adam Bruner, Lucinda 
 Butcher, Jeptha Russell and wife, and Rebecca Stockman; to 
 whom were afterward added Cyrus D. King, William Laughlin, 
 Wesley Johnson and wife, Jordan M. Bennett and wife, John Hill 
 and wife, Catharine Scott, Israel Bennett and wife, John Griffith and 
 wife, David Landis, Amos Landis, John Wilson and wife. The 
 present membership is very small, numbering only eight or ten. 
 Services were held for many years in a schoolhoase, and it was not 
 until 18S1 that the present house of worship was erected. 
 
 The society at Ravafina was organized about 1866, but a class had 
 been in existence before the war, and held meetings in the old school- 
 house east of town. It numbered among its members Jackson Duree, 
 
 Gregory and wife, and Alexander Scott and wife. After the 
 
 organization, the class was transferred to the town, and in 1868 a 
 house of worship was completed. 
 
 The date of the organization of the church at Princeton is not 
 known, but it was doubtless soon after the town was established. 
 Until the close of the war, however, its existence was rather a pre- 
 carious one. One of the first preachers was Rev. Ray Taylor. Among 
 the early members were Abram Stille, a Mr. Herrington and wife, and 
 John Smith and wife. Meetings were held in the old fi-ame school, 
 house, the Baptist Church and the courthouse. About the close of 
 the war the church was revived and reorganized, at which time the 
 leading members were Mr. Herrington, W. L. Jerome, wife and two 
 daughters, Dr. K. G. Smith and Mrs. Julia E. Fuller. About 1869 a 
 house of worship was erected at a cost of over $2,000. 
 
 The present membership is about 150. The officers are Thomas 
 Robinson, steward; William Bell, class-leader; and W. W. Judson, 
 J. W. Anderson and Mrs. A. C. Orton, trustees. A Sunday-school 
 has been maintained since 1869. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 467 
 
 Among the pastors of the church since 1865 have been Revs. 
 Gaither, New, Stauber, Brockman, Wynne, Corder, Hollingsworth, 
 Deshler, Ismond, King, Waller, Devlin and Phillips. 
 
 A Methodist Church was organized at Goshen about 1857, and 
 until the war had a strong membership. Soon after the organization 
 a frame building (the first church built by the Methodists in the county) 
 was erected, which was used as a house of worship until replaced by 
 the present Union Church in 1879 or 1880. 
 
 Owing to the division of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1844, 
 this denomination in Mercer County, until after the close of the Civil 
 War, was very weak. A majority of the membership was in sympathy 
 with the northern branch, but there were some congregations which 
 held allegiance to the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1848 
 the Iowa Conference appointed John J. Buren as a sort of missionary 
 to Northern Missouri, and he was largely influential in keeping alive 
 many of the churches adhering to the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Another man who deserves especial mention in this connection was 
 Peter Duree, who traveled the Princeton circuit. He located not far 
 from the town of Ravanna at an early day, and until his death was an 
 earnest worker for the chvu'ch. He was a man of only moderate edu- 
 cation, but was held in the highest esteem as a zealous Christian 
 minister. 
 
 John Burton and Stephen G. Anderson were also early ministers 
 and residents of the county. The latter is still living in Hamilton, 
 Mo. Burton was a fine preacher, and was esteemed for many good 
 qualities. In 1860 Rev. T. H. Hollingsworth came to Mercer County, 
 and took charge of the Ravanna circuit, in which work he was 
 engaged when, in August, 1861, he enlisted in the army. During 
 1860 he received over 100 members into the church, forty of whom 
 resided in the neighborhood of Gu'dner schoolhouse. He was 
 assigned to Princeton in 1870, and again in 1883, since which time he 
 has been on the superannuated list. 
 
 The leading minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church South 
 before the war was Rev. R. Minshall. He was pastor of Pleasant 
 Grove Church, which belonged to the Southern church. At the open- 
 ing of the war, he entered the Confederate army as chaplain of the 
 Eighth Missouri Regiment, and never returned to his circuit. He has 
 since served as a presiding elder in one of the Missouri districts. Rev. 
 Willis Dockery, father of Congressman Dockery, was also a pastor of 
 this church at one time. 
 
 The United Brethren. — The United Brethren Church has a few 
 
468 HISTORY OF MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 congregations in the county. One of these was organized at Pilot 
 Knob schoolhonse in 1883 by Rev. Mr. Starks. The original members 
 were William Keith, Mary Dean, Jane Loveland, Catharine Morris, 
 Joseph Sanders and wife, Wesley Keith and wife, and David Fisher 
 and wife. Mr. Starks continued in charge of the church for one year. 
 His successors have been Nathan Keith, Jacob Ashbrook and B. Sco- 
 ville. The present membership is very small. 
 
 Societies of this denomination have also been organized at Cousin' s 
 schoolhouse and Middleton schoolhouse. The pastor is Howell Scott. 
 
 The Christians.- — The first church building in Mercer County was 
 a hewed-log house erected by the Christians, one mile west of Goshen, 
 in 1849, but a society had been organized there in 1840. Among the 
 first members were Reuben Perkins and wife, Seabert Rhea and wife 
 and Abial Miles. William Reed and Thomas Thompson were early 
 ministers. Samuel Downy and William Moore have also been promi- 
 nent pastors of this church. The present house of worship was 
 erected in 1872, at a cost of $1,300. The members now number about 
 thirty. 
 
 Another early church of this denomination was organized at the 
 Early schoolhouse in Marion Township, by William Moore. It is still 
 maintained. On May 10, 1885, a church was organized at Half Rock, 
 by William Reed and J. Padgett, with the following members: Marion 
 Selsor, Harvey Hedrix, J. N. Ellis, G. M. Bennett, William J. New- 
 ton, Hester Newton, Amanda Hedrix, " Cattie " Bennett, Orrissa 
 Robinson, Angeline Cooksey, Eliza Sanders, Laura Early, Anna 
 Clampitt, Helen Selsor, Mary Chips, Hannah Carpenter, M. A. Os- 
 borne, Judie Martin and Rette A. Sanders. Mr. Padgett has been the 
 pastor since the organization. The members now number fifty-seven. 
 The elders are J. H. Morris and J. C. Reed; the deacons, F. M. 
 Selsor, D. F. Terry, and J. N. Ellis. 
 
 For a number of years an organization was maintained at Pilot 
 Knob schoolhouse, but has now been disbanded for some time. 
 
 A society was formed at Princeton some time prior to the war, 
 which was reorganized early in 1865, with about fifty members, 
 Morris Periy and Jesse Trapp being the elders. B. F. Lockhard 
 served as pastor for two years. In 1872 W. W. Bristow was installed 
 in that position, and continued until 1883. During the next year 
 the pulpit was filled by C. P. Evans, who was succeeded by L. H. 
 Otto, under whose ministration a house of worship was erected. 
 Prior to that time services were held in the Baptist Church. Mr. 
 Otto was succeeded by Rev. J. Padgett, the present pastor. The 
 membership now numbers about seventy-five. 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 469 
 
 A Christian Union Church was established at Goshen in 1880. 
 It was organized by Eev. A. F. Geaster with about twenty mem- 
 bers. The elders were David Goen, Samuel Lewis, Erastus Shirley. 
 An interest was secured in the church erected by the Methodists, 
 and meetings have since been held in it. The membership has 
 increased very little since the organization. 
 
 The Catholics. — The Catholics have but one small congregation in 
 the county. It was organized at Princeton about two years ago, 
 mainly through the exertion of John Finn and wife, who collected 
 sufficient money to build a small church, in dimension 26x36 feet. 
 It is not entirely completed, and consequently has never been dedi- 
 cated. The congregation numbers about thirty-five members. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. 
 
 Pauper Schools. — The history of popular education in Missouri pre- 
 vious to the Rebellion is similar to that of every State upon which the 
 shadow of slavery rested. That institution and free popular education 
 were incompatible. It is true, almost every slave State established 
 some sort of common school system, but its provisions were always so 
 defective, and its support so inadequate as to render it practically use- 
 less. Free schools were ' ' pauper schools ' ' designed only for those 
 unable to pay for their tuition. The idea of a system of free educa- 
 tion designed for rich and poor alike, a common school, was unthought 
 of. In a county like Mercer, not yet out of its backwoods days, 
 where all alike were poor, the common schools were looked upon with 
 favor, and so far as possible relied upon, but they lacked much of 
 supplying even a fair English education. 
 
 School Laivs. — Many laws were passed by the Legislature for the es- 
 tablishment and regulation of free schools, but all were fatally defective 
 in not providing sufficient funds to put them into effective operation. 
 In the act of Congress, authorizing the people of Missouri Territory 
 to form a constitution and State Government, the sixteenth section 
 of each township, or its equivalent, was devoted to the purpose of sup- 
 porting schools in each township. The first act of the Legislature on 
 the subject of education was approved on January 17, 1825. This 
 law enacted that each congressional township should form a school 
 district to be under the control of the county court in all matters per- 
 taining to schools. It also declared that all rents of school lands, and 
 fines, penalties and forfeitures, occurring under the provisions of this 
 act, should be set apart for a school fund. On January 26, 1833, the 
 Legislature authorized the Governor to appoint three suitable per- 
 
470 HISTORY OF MEBCEE COUNT ST. 
 
 sons, whose duty it should be to prepare a system of common primary 
 school instruction, as nearly uniform as practicable, throughout the 
 State, and to make report to the next meeting of the Legislature. 
 This committee made a report but its suggestions were not acted upon 
 by the Legislature. This body, however, at its next session passed 
 " an act to regulate the sale of the sixteenth section, and to provide for 
 the organization and regulation of common schools. ' ' The Governor, 
 secretary of State, auditor, treasiirer and attorney-general were con- 
 stituted a board of commissioners for literary pmi^oses. Its provisions 
 required a school to be taught in each incorporated district for six 
 months during each year. It was similar in its details to the law of 
 1825, but so imperfect and impracticable as to render its repeal neces- 
 sary. 
 
 The Common School Fund. — February 6, 1836, the first move- 
 ment was made for the endowment of a common school fund. An 
 act was passed directing the Governor to invest the principal and 
 interest of the saline fund, and all additions thereafter made to 
 it, and all the money received by the State from the United 
 States by virtue of the provision of the act of Congress passed 
 June 23, 1836, in some safe and productive stock to continue, 
 remain and be known as ' ' The Common School Fund, ' ' and when 
 said fund should amount to $500,000 or more, the interest and pro- 
 fits accruing thereon should be applied to pay teachers in the common 
 schools in such manner as the General Assembly should direct. No 
 system of school laws was enacted until the next session on Febru- 
 ary 9, 1839, about two years later. Its provisions were substantially 
 as follows: The school fund was to consist of all the moneys here- 
 tofore deposited under the act of Congress of January 23, 1836, the 
 proceeds of the saline lands, the proceeds of all lands then or there- 
 after vested in the State by escheat, by purchase or by forfeiture for 
 taxes, and the interest and proceeds of such moneys until a distribu- 
 tion should be ordered. The office of State superintendent of common 
 schools was created, and its duties defined. The superintendent was 
 given a general oversight of the schools of the State, and was required 
 to make a distribution of school moneys among the several counties in 
 which there were any schools, in proportion to the number of white 
 children between the ages of six and eighteen years. 
 
 This law received several amendments, and on February 24 a 
 new system was adopted, of which the following is a synopsis. At its 
 head was the State superintendent, elected bi-ennially by the people. 
 Each county had a commissioner of common schools whose duty it 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 471 
 
 was to grant certificates of qualification to teachers, apportion school 
 moneys, and visit schools. Each congressional township was consti- 
 tuted a school township, which could be divided into as many school 
 districts, not exceeding four, as the inhabitants might desire. Each 
 district was placed under the control of three trustees, who employed 
 teachers, levied taxes, voted bills, etc. Twenty-five per cent of the 
 State revenue and the dividends arising from the funds invested in 
 the Bank of the State of Missouri, was apportioned to the counties in 
 proportion to the number of ehildi-en, between the ages of five and 
 twenty years. This with the county funds coming from the interest 
 on the money arising from the sale of the sixteenth section, from fines 
 and penalties, etc., and the income from the proceeds of swamp and 
 overflowed lands, constituted the fund annually appropriated for the 
 payment of teachers. 
 
 In 1858 the capital of the State school fund amounted to about 
 $681,000, .120,000 of which were invested in Missouri State bonds, 
 and the remainder in stock of the Bank of Missouri. 
 
 The first distribution of school money was made in 1842, when 
 only thirteen counties received any portion of it, they being the only 
 ones in which schools had been organized. They were Benton, Boone, 
 dark. Cole, Cooper, Greene, Lafayette, Livingston, Marion, Monroe, 
 Ralls, Saline and Shelby. The amount apportioned at that time was 
 only 11,999.60. In 1845 it had increased to $16,481.80; in 1850, to 
 $27,751.52; in 1855, under the new law which was much better 
 than the preceding ones, it was $178,082.79. 
 
 The Early Schools of Mercer County. — The first schools in Mercer 
 County were of a most primitive and elementary character. As soon 
 as three or four- families had located in a neighborhood, they united 
 in erecting a log schoolhouse, sometimes without a floor, and lighted 
 by a window made by sawing out a log on one side of the house. 
 The seats were made of slabs with wooden pins driven in them for 
 legs. There were no desks except a writing desk, which was made by 
 driving pins into the wall, and laying a plank upon them. The 
 teachers were frequently of the class described in the following 
 extract from a State superintendent's report of that time. "There is 
 a class of teachers, constituting a majority of all the teachers in the 
 State of Missouri. These are neither of us, nor with us, for they 
 came from all parts of the world, and if they live long enough, some 
 of them will be in all parts of the world again, before they die. 
 They belong to the peripatetic school of philosophy, and seemed to 
 have inherited the curse of the wandering Jew. They never tarry in 
 
472 HISTORY OF MEBCEE COUNTY. 
 
 a neighborhood longer than may be sufficient to drain a district treas- 
 ury and replenish an empty pocketbook. ' ' 
 
 One of the first schoolhouses in the county was built in the Sul- 
 livan neighborhood in the northwest part of Marion Township, about 
 1841 or 1842. The first teacher was Andrew King. Afterward S. H. 
 Porter was the teacher for several sessions. The schoolhouses usually 
 bore the name of the nearest resident. One built near Lewis Gird- 
 ner's, in Marion Township, was known as the Girdner schoolhouse. 
 Another built at an early day near David Farley's was called the Far- 
 ley schoolhouse. Among the first schoolhouses built in the south part 
 of the county were the Chestnut schoolhouse, the Salem schoolhouse, 
 the Lawrence schoolhouse and the Everett schoolhouse. The first 
 teachers at the Chestnut schoolhouse were Joseph Powers and John 
 Beed; at the Lawrence, P. N. O. Lawrence began teaching about 
 1845. At nearly the same time a school was opened by R. Howard 
 in an abandoned cabin west of Modena. Another early school was 
 taught in a house standing on land owned by Joseph Moss, and near 
 his residence. The first teacher was William Arnott. 
 
 The fii'st school at Ravanna was taught in a small frame house, 
 standing about three-fourths of a mile east of town, in 1857, by J. A. 
 Kennedy. About the close of the war a dwelling in the town was 
 purchased and fitted up for a schoolhouse. It was used for several 
 years. In 1883 the present handsome frame building, containing 
 two schoolrooms, was erected at a cost of §2,500. 
 
 Organization of School Townships. — The first township organized 
 for school purposes was Township 65, Range 23, in the summer of 1847. 
 John M. Smith was appointed commissioner; Elijah H. Crawford and 
 "William Evans, directors, and H. H. Jamison, clerk. On the first Mon- 
 day of September, of the same year. Township 65, Range 24, including 
 Princeton, was organized. H. B. Gale was appointed commissioner; 
 Seth Pratt and Nevrton Lindsey, directors, and William J. Girdner, 
 clerk. Township 64, Range 25, was organized on November 1, 1847, 
 with Abial Miles, commissioner; S. F. Rhea and Joshua Howell, 
 directors, and G. W. Clinkinbeard, clerk. Township 03, Range 24, 
 was organized in February, 1848. John Wilson was appointed com- 
 missioner; William Thomas and John Howard, directors, and Ben- 
 jamin Cornell, clerk. Township 64, Rang© 24, was organized on 
 February 9, 1848, with David Butcher, commissioner; William N. 
 McAfee and Thomas Cole, directors, and W. W. Ellis, clerk. Town- 
 ship 65, Range 25, was organized in May, 1848; Joseph Prichard was 
 appointed commissioner; J. M. Nichols and William Chambers, 
 
STATE OF MISSOUBI. 473 
 
 directors. The earliest statistics of the schools of the county that 
 could be obtained were for 1856. In that year there were enumerated 
 2,650 children of school age, distributed among fifty-two school dis- 
 tricts. The number of schoolhouses was forty-three, teachers, twenty- 
 seven, pupils taught, 773. The amount paid teachers was $1,614.40, 
 while there was paid for the building and repairing schoolhouses, 
 $899; $1,646.40 was derived from the State school fund, and $366.80 
 from the township fund. At this time, under the law of 1853, the 
 schools were improving very rapidly, and in 1857 the number of 
 pupils taught and the amount paid teachers were more than double 
 the figures for the year before. 
 
 During the war the schools were badly demoralized, and many 
 of them suspended, but under the new law of 1866 a better system 
 than any before established was put into operation. More money 
 was provided, new and better schoolhouses were built, and better 
 instruction afforded. 
 
 School Statistics. — The following statistics for 1872 indicate the im- 
 provement that had taken place, the number of pupils then enumerated 
 being, white — males, 2,589; females, 2,454; colored — males, 19; 
 females, 11; total, 5,073. The receipts amounted to $17,614.77, de- 
 rived as follows: State fund, $3,133.02; coimty fund, $2,012.61; 
 township fund, $946.56; taxes, $11,522.58. The total expenditures for 
 the year were $14, 593.41, of which $10,978.53 was paid to teachers. 
 
 In 1880 the total receipts for school purposes amounted to 
 $19,009.82, and the expenditures to $15,179. The average number of 
 pupils in attendance during the year was 8, 297 white and 52 colored, 
 distributed among seventy-eight schools. The number of teachers em- 
 ployed was 108. The average salary paid was $30 to males and $25 
 to females. 
 
 The following ia the report of the condition of the schools in 1887, 
 as made by the clerk of the county court : 
 
 The number of white persons in the county between the ages of six 
 and twenty years, male, 2,568; female, 2,512. The number of colored 
 persons in the county between the ages of six and twenty years, male, 
 14; female, 13. Total, male, 2,582; female, 2,525. 
 
 Cash on hand July 1, 1886 $ 2,554 87 
 
 Amount received from the State fund 4,386 90 
 
 Interest on the county fund 3.445 43 
 
 Interest on the township fund 1,091 26 
 
 Amount of direct tax 16,866 86 
 
 Total ,'$28,345 31 
 
 30 
 
474 HISTORY OF MEKCEB COUNTY. 
 
 Amount expended 20,966 00 
 
 Cash on hand July 1, 1887 S 7,379 31 
 
 Amount of the permanent county school fund.. 37,293 49 
 Amount of the permanent township school fund 9,966 33 
 Funds in the hands of the county treasurer 2,124 50 
 
 Total 849,383 32 
 
 The country schools, under the supervision of the county school 
 commissioner, have greatly improved during the past twenty years, 
 but there is need of more efficient teachers and longer terms of school. 
 
 The county commissioners since 1866 have been as follows: Mr. 
 Adams, 1866-68; C. E. Minter, 1868-70; T. Evans, 1870-72; S. S. 
 Wayman, 1872-74; D. Hubbell, 1874-80; T. Evans, 1880-84; D. 
 Hubbell, 1884; term expires in 1888. 
 
 The Schools of Princeton. — Prior to 1867 the school at Princeton 
 was conducted as an ordinary district school, in a small frame building, 
 which is still standing. Under the law of 1866, a meeting was held 
 in school district No. 6, Township 65, Eange 24, which included 
 Princeton, on September 24, of that year, for the purpose of electing 
 three trustees. J. N. Truax, N. H. Rogers and John Broffett were 
 elected. But the new law provided that a city or town might organ- 
 ize itself into a special school district upon the approval of the major- 
 ity of the voters, and upon the petition of a few of the leading citizens, 
 who realized the necessity for better school facilities, an election was 
 held on February 21, 1867, to determine whether such a district 
 should be organized in Princeton. The result indicates how little 
 interest was manifested in the subject at that time. Only twelve 
 votes were cast, and of these eleven were in favor of the proposition. 
 Notice was accordingly given to the qualified voters of the district to 
 meet at the office of the probate judge on March 4, 1867, to elect six 
 directors. H. G. Orton, E. B. Ballew, John Norcross, Israel Patton, 
 W. Adams and L. TV. Cremeens were chosen. 
 
 At a meeting of the board on April 1, 1867, it was resolved to 
 purchase a site, and to proceed at once to the erection of a suitable 
 building for the accommodation of the schools, and at a subsequent 
 meeting it was decided to levy a tax of one-half of one per cent for 
 school purposes. It was also determined to have a three months' 
 school taught, and T. E. Evans and Miss Edna Bollinger were 
 employed as teachers, the former at a salary of $-10 per month, and 
 the latter at $33^. The schools were opened in September, Miss 
 Bollinger occupying the Baptist Church. In May, 1868, a lot in the 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 478 
 
 southeast part of the town was purchased as a site for the new school- 
 building, and a tax of one per cent was levied for school purposes. 
 In December, 1868, the treasurer reported that he had received from 
 the county collector during the year $1,278.56, and from the public 
 fund, $287, a total of $1,565.56. He had paid out during the same 
 time $568.95. In 1869 the tax levy was increased to one and one- 
 fourth per cent. 
 
 The contract for the new school building, which was to be a brick, 
 34x36 feet in dimensions and two stories high, was let to John Broffett 
 in June, 1869, and the building was erected dui'ing the following 
 summer. 
 
 In January, 1870, to meet the indebtedness thus incurred, bonds of 
 the district to the amount of $2, 500 and bearing 10 per cent interest 
 were issued. 
 
 Mr. Evans continued as principal of the schools until the fall of 
 1870, when he was succeeded by W. W. Murphy, but the next year, he 
 was again elected. In 1872 C. E. Buren was elected superintendent, 
 and in April following was succeeded by P. Stacey. At this time 
 teachers were employed for terms of three months only. In Sep- 
 tember, 1873, T. F. Garrady became principal, and continued one year. 
 He was succeeded by F. E. Shuster, who, in about a month, resigned. 
 His successor, J. V. Lirch, remained until 1876, when A. B. Warner 
 succeeded to the position. The number of assistant teachers had been 
 gradually increased until at this time there were four. 
 
 In 1877 T. B. Pratt was chosen principal, but the next year was 
 succeeded by F. A. McGill. In 1879 W. W. Bristow, a very 
 excellent teacher, was elected principal, and continued in that position 
 until the spring of 1881. The school building had then become unsafe 
 for occupancy, and a contract was let for the erection of anew build- 
 ing upon the same site. The contractors were D. J. Hasselton and 
 T. J. Hardesty, and the architect, 0. A. Dunham, of Bm-lington, Iowa. 
 The contract price was $13,800 and to meet this outlay bonds of 
 the district to the amount of $13,000, bearing six per cent interest, 
 were issued. 
 
 The building was completed in July, 1882. It is 72x84 feet, 
 and two stories high, with a basement, which can also be converted 
 into school -rooms. It now contains eight large school-rooms, with the 
 necessary number of cloak, cabinet, and recitation rooms. It is a 
 handsome building, and is well furnished. 
 
 The schools were opeqed in the new building in September, 1882, 
 by D. K. Thomas, superintendent, and seven assistant teachers. 
 
476 
 
 HISTOKY OF MEECEB COUNTY. 
 
 Prof. Thomas continued as superintendent for one year, and was suc- 
 ceeded by F. P. Sever, who also remained but one year. His successor 
 was J. H. Roney, who served for two years. J. F. Stanley, the pres- 
 ent superintendent, was installed in September, 1S86. 
 
 The first graduates from the high school .were Etta Hill, Lou 
 Keddell, Ira D. Orton, and Coleman Stacey, who finished the course 
 in 1884. The present school board consists of J. R. Hill, president; 
 Ira B. Hyde, secretary; Eli Mullinax, treasurer; David Speer, J. C 
 Casteel and Jackson Cook. 
 
 
Biographical Appendix, 
 
 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 William Alexander is a native of Ireland, and was born September 
 11, 1811. His parents, John and Elizabeth (Booth) Alexander, were 
 natives of North Ireland, and in 1822 immigrated to New York City. 
 He was a man of good education, and from New York went to Pitts- 
 burgh, Penn., where he taught school. After teaching school in 
 Wayne County, Ohio, a few months, he went to Coshocton County, 
 Ohio, and engaged in farming until his death. He served as justice 
 of the peace in his township, and lived to be over eighty years of age. 
 William Alexander is the eldest of a family of eight children, six of 
 whom are supposed to be living. He was reared in his native country 
 and in Ohio, but as his father was poor received but a limited educa- 
 tion. After becoming eighteen years of age he engaged in boating for 
 about three years, and then made his home with his father until his 
 marriage to Miss Sarah Gardner, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom 
 fourteen children have been born, nine of whom are living, and all 
 married save McClelland. Mr. Alexander lived in Mason County, 
 111. , for sixteen years after his marriage, and then came to Harrison 
 County, Mo., where, after giving liberally to his children, he now 
 owns 105 acres of good land. He enlisted in the Mexican War, but 
 was not engaged in active service. His son, John, was a soldier in the 
 Rebellion, and for his services now receives a pension. Mi-. Alexander 
 is now over seventy- six years of age, and has been a life-long Demo- 
 crat. Himself and wife are enterprising citizens, and highly respected. 
 
 John S. Allen, a pioneer citizen of Harrison County, was born in 
 Overton County, Tenn., June 26, 1814, and is a son of William and 
 Mary (Copeland) Allen, natives, respectively, of Shenandoah County, 
 Va. , and North Carolina. The mother is a sister to Col. Stephen 
 Copeland, a great Indian fighter, under Gen. Jackson. The father 
 was a farmer by occupation, and spent the greater part of his life in 
 
478 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 Overton County, Tenn. , where he and his wife both died. To them 
 seven sons and six daughters were born, all save one son living to 
 maturity; Hiram M. was a farmer in Overton County, Tenn., a cap- 
 tain in the militia under Gen. Jackson, and died in his ninetieth year; 
 he was twice married, and reared a large family; Lydia, deceased 
 wife of Beverly Treavis (also deceased), who left several children; 
 Elizabeth, deceased wife of Benjamin Nichols and later of William 
 Masters, both of whom are deceased. There is one living child 
 by the first marriage: Josiah, who lived and died in Overton County 
 and left a family; Nancy, deceased wife of Jefferson Goodpasture 
 (deceased), who left a family; Isaac, who came to Illinois at an early 
 day and there died in the decade of the forties; Rachel, deceased 
 wife of J. W. Brown, both of whom died in Harrison County, leaving 
 three sons and two daughters, now living; Sarah, deceased wife of 
 James A. Dale, both of whom died in Harrison County, leaving se v- 
 ©ral children, one son and two daughters of whom are now living; 
 Christina, widow of William Fancher; John S. ; William, who went 
 to California, in 1850, and has not been heard of for many years; 
 Stephen C. , of Bethany; James, deceased at the age of fourteen. 
 John S., left his native county in 1832 and went to Illinois where he 
 'married Nancy Childress, in 1835. Mrs. Allen is a native of Barren 
 County, Ky., and the mother of five children: Emeline, wife of Will- 
 iam A. Templeman; James R., deceased; Mary, wifeofDr. R. D. King; 
 Elizabeth, wife of J. M. Roberts, and Willard C. Mr. Allen followed 
 the shoemaker's trade in Illinois (which he learned during his youth), 
 and in 1841 came to Missouri, and settled near Pole Cat Creek, one and 
 one-half miles southeast of Bethany. He cultivated a small farm, and 
 preached in Northern Missouri, having been ordained a minister in the 
 Christian Churcb in Illinois, in 1838. He was the first minister 
 in this vicinity and has always been an earnest supporter of religious 
 enterprises. In 1851 he moved to Bethany, which place he assisted in 
 laying off. Then in 1850 he engaged in the mercantile business, and by 
 the exercise of energy and economy has amassed a handsome compe- 
 tency and is now one of the enterprising business men of the town. He 
 was a director of the branch, at Chillicothe, of the old State Bank, before 
 the war, and is now and has been since its organization president and one 
 of the largest stockholders of the Bethany Savings Bank. He has al- 
 ways been a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for Jackson. 
 Mr. Allen has never been an aspirant for political honors, but was a dele- 
 gate in the convention held in Missouri in 1861 to consider the relation 
 of Missouri with the Union, and was a strong Union man; in fact was 
 
•■* <^-5 
 
 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 479 
 
 the first man that publicly declared his attachment to the Union of 
 the States in Harrison County in 1861, and has also held several local 
 offices. During the early history of the county he was county and 
 circuit clerk by appointment for a short time, and in 1845 was appointed 
 county seat commissioner to lay out the town of Bethany. Mr. Allen 
 is a member of the Masonic fi'aternity, and one of the most active 
 members of the Christian Church in Bethany. 
 
 John S. Allen is the son of the late William Robertson Allen [see 
 sketch of John S. Allen, Jr.], and was born in Han'ison County, Mo., 
 September 7, 1852. Here he passed his boyhood and youth, and re- 
 ceived a good common-school education. His first business venture 
 was in February, 1884, when he engaged in the livery business, and 
 has continued in the same ever since, now owning the largest stable in 
 the city and county, and controlling the leading trade in this line. 
 March 2, 1876, he married Joanna Grover, a native of Maine, who 
 has borne him two children, both of whom are deceased. Both 
 Mr. and Mrs. Allen are worthy and active members of the Christian 
 Church, and are classed with Bethany's respected and esteemed citi- 
 zens. Mr. Allen is a Democrat in his political views, and is an enter- 
 prising and public-spirited citizen. 
 
 Daniel S. Alvord was born in Warren County, Penn., January 30, 
 1835, and is a son of Samuel and Ursula (Smith) Alvord, natives re- 
 spectively of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. The father was a 
 Baptist minister, and a soldier in the War of 1812. In 1846 he emi- 
 grated west with his family, and passed the remainder of his life in 
 Illinois. He died in Hamilton, 111., in 1872, aged eighty-eight, and the 
 mother died in 1864. They were the parents of ten children: Susan- 
 nah, widow of Butler B. Gates; Mary, deceased wife of Theron Bly; 
 Sallie, widow of Daniel Jaqtiay; Ursula, wife of Theodore P. Jaquay; 
 Harriet, deceased wife of Philip Kessler, the daughter of whom, 
 Mrs. R. H. Vandivert, is a resident of Bethany; Rodolphus W. ; Ro- 
 villa, deceased wife of George T. Montague; Ruby, deceased wife of 
 James D. Barnes; Permelia, wife of Samuel Gordon, and Daniel S. The 
 subject of this sketch spent his early life upon the home farm, and 
 received a good literary education, which he completed in ShurtlefE 
 College, Upper Alton, 111. At the age of twenty he decided to adopt 
 the profession of law, and accordingly read with Scofield, Ferris & 
 Manier, of Carthage, 111., and in 1858 was admitted to the bar in that 
 State, after which he began to practice at Hamilton, 111. During the 
 war he served in Company E, One Hundred and Fifty- sixth Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry for one year, and in 1865 came to Missouri, at 
 
480 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 first remaining a short time at Chillicothe. Soon after he located at 
 Bethany, where he has since practiced his profession with more than 
 ordinary success. He was the county and prosecuting attorney from 
 1867 until 1877, and was the Eepublican candidate for judge of the 
 Twenty-eighth Judicial Circuit in 1880 and also in 1882, but although 
 he ran ahead of his ticket the latter time, was both times defeated, 
 owing to the minority of his parly in this circuit. His first presiden- 
 tial vote was cast for John C. Fremont in 1856. August 18, 1861, he 
 married Anna H. Lloyd, a native of Wheeling, W. Va., by whom he 
 has had two children: Grace, wife of William H. Sigler, and Raymond. 
 Mr. Alvord is a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. E. , and himself 
 and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Alvord is 
 one of the able, legal practitioners of Bethany, and is an enterprising 
 and public-spirited citizen. 
 
 James T. Anderson, attorney at law, of Ridgeway, Mo., was born 
 June 2, 18-14:, in Greencastle, Ind., and when nine years old accom- 
 panied his parents to Owen County, Ind. , and fi-om there went to 
 Mercer County, Mo., in the autumn of 1857. It being a new country 
 and his parents being limited in means, many were the hardships 
 they had to pass through, and though young he was compelled to 
 labor by the day at whatever amount he could seciu-e to assist his 
 parents in secui-ing a livelihood for the family, which consisted of five 
 children, two older and two younger than himself. The father was a 
 minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and received but a small 
 amount for his sei-vices, and being absent from his home the most of 
 his time, all had to use their efforts to secure a living for the family. 
 In a short time the gi-eat Rebellion broke out, and James T. considered 
 it his duty to take a part in the war. Having been reared by Chris- 
 tian parents, and taught to read the Bible, it was but natural for him 
 to take sides with the Government that he had learned to love. 
 He enlisted in Company D, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, at Caines- 
 ville. Mo. , and went with them as far as Chillicothe, Mo. , where all 
 passed an examination, but he was rejected, and then returned to the 
 home of his parents, and went to work on a farm in Han-ison County, 
 Mo. , where he continued until August, 1862. He then again enlisted 
 in the army, and was assigned to Company D, MeiTill' s Horse (later 
 in the war named Second Missouri Cavah-y), in which he served until 
 August, 1865, when he was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn. Re- 
 turning home, he soon entered the high school conducted by Prof. Nor- 
 ton, in order to obtain an education, of which he had been deprived be- 
 fore the war. Owing to limited means he was compelled to leave his 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 481 
 
 studies, and teach a term of school to secure funds to again enter school, 
 and advance. This he continued for a number of years with other stu- 
 dents, and in the meantime made up his mind to enter the law practice. 
 WhUe teaching he took up the reading of law, and in the fall of 1869 
 was admitted to the bar by Judge Jonas J. Clark, at Gallatin, Daviess 
 County, Mo. He entered the law office of Col. Louis C. Pase, at 
 Hamilton, and commenced the practice with him for a short time, when 
 he secured himself an office, and conducted the practice alone until 1873. 
 Then he removed to Breckenridge, Caldwell Co. , Mo. , and later to 
 Eagleville, Harrison Co., Mo., where he opened an office and contin- 
 ued the practice until 1880. Then he removed to Ridgeway, Mo., 
 but in 1886, his health having so far failed, he was advised to retire 
 from his profession, which he did. January 13, 1869, Mr. Anderson 
 was married to Miss Hattie B. McClelland, at Hamilton, Caldwell Co. , 
 Mo., a native of Missotu'i, by whom he had nine childi'en, of whom five 
 are now living. Mrs. Anderson is a member of the Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church. Mr. Anderson is a Republican in politics, and is a member 
 of the G. A. R. and commander of Elwell Post, No. 140, Department 
 of Missouri. He is the fourth of six children born to Stephen G. An- 
 derson and Elmira (Burton) Anderson, natives of Kentucky and Indiana 
 respectively, and son of Daniel Anderson and Elizabeth (Burk) Ander- 
 son, natives of Kentucky and Tennessee, respectively. Daniel Ander- 
 son served in several Indian wars, and was a minister for a number of 
 years before his death, living to the ripe old age of about eighty-five. 
 Gay Aufi'icht was born in Burlington, Iowa, March 31, 1855, and 
 is a eon of Ferdinand Aufricht, of Princeton, Mo. [see sketch.] He 
 was reared to manhood in Princeton, and for a number of years was in 
 business there for himself, meeting with well deserved success. In 
 March, 1882, he came to Bethany, and established a bakery and 
 restaurant. In the spring of 1885 he embarked in the groceiy busi- 
 ness in which he has since continued. He carries at his store on the 
 south side of the square a full and select stock of staple and fancy 
 groceries, queensware, lamps, produce and provisions, and, doing a 
 strictly cash business, is meeting with success, and controls a large 
 share of the patronage of the city in his line. June 4, 1884, he was 
 united in marriage with Miss Lettie Dunn, daughter of Dr. A. L. 
 Dunn, of Bethany. To Mr. Aufricht and wife, one son, Irwin R., has 
 been born. Mr. Aufi-icht is a Democrat in politics, and is General- 
 issimo of the Knights Templar Lodge at Bethany. He is one of the 
 successful business men of the city, and merits the success he is enjoy- 
 ing. 
 
482 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 Albert L. Dunn, M. D., was born in New Jersey, January 21, 
 1827, and is a son of Squire and Experience (Lennox) Dunn, both 
 natives of the same State. The father moved to Western New York 
 with his family in 1830, and in 1844 went to Wisconsin, and from 
 thence to Minnesota, in 1856, where he died. The mother is still liv- 
 ing. Albert L. lived with his parents during his youth, and having 
 begun the study of medicine early in life graduated fi'om the Eclectic 
 College of Medicine at Cincinnati in 1851. He first began to practice 
 in Iowa, and then spent a few years in Colorado. In 1865 he came 
 to Missouri, and made his home in Mercer County for three years. 
 In 1868 he came to Harrison Cotmty, practicing at Mount Moriah 
 until 1879, when he came to Bethany, where he has been principally 
 engaged in merchandising and the hotel business. In 1855 he mar- 
 ried Nancy E. Parnell, a native of St. Joseph, Ind., by whom he has 
 four children: Minnie L., wife of William W. Storms; Edwin L., 
 Lettie D. and Hattie E. Dr. Dunn is a Democrat. 
 
 John Bain is the only child of William and Mary (Bain) Bain, 
 natives of Randolph County, N. C, and was born in that county and 
 State, October 1, 1831. The parents emigrated fi'om their native 
 county to Tennessee, and from there went to Morgan County, Ind., 
 where the father died. He was a farmer by occupation. In October, 
 1850, the mother accompanied her son to Missouri, making her home 
 with him until her death. Previous to coming to Missouri, John Bain 
 was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Bryant, a native of Adah' 
 County, K.y. He located in Madison Township, in 1859, being one 
 of the early settlers of Harrison County, and the first man to engage 
 in farming and stock raising in the township. In 1881 he built the 
 first hotel in Cainesville, which he has since successfully conducted. 
 To himself and wife eleven children have been born, all of whom are 
 living, thi-ee in Nebraska, and the remainder in Harrison County. 
 His youngest child is married and has one child, and the sum total of 
 his living grandchildren is twenty-four. Besides his hotel, which is 
 commodious and well furnished, Mr. Bain owns twenty acres of land in 
 the township, and four town lots. While in Morgan County, Ind., 
 iMr. Bain served as deputy sheriff and road overseer, and in Harrison 
 County he has filled the office of justice of the peace. 
 
 Manlove Bain was born September 21, 1829, in North Carolina, 
 and is a son of John and Rebecca (Russell) Bain, both natives of 
 North Carolina, and of Irish and English descent, respectively. The 
 father was a shoemaker by trade, at which he worked all his life, the 
 greater part of the time in North Carolina. He was a victim of con- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 483 
 
 sumption, and sufifered with that disease over twenty years. To him- 
 self and wife thirteen children were born, of whom six are living and 
 married. In politics he was a Whig, and in religion a Presbyterian. 
 After his death his widow went to Tennessee, where she lived until 
 her death at the advanced age of eighty. She was a member of the 
 Methodist Church. Manlove Bain spent his youth in his native 
 county, and at the age of eighteen began life for himself. He settled 
 in Morgan County, Ind. , when twenty-two years old, and was there 
 married to Miss Margaret McDonald, a native of North Carolina, and 
 daughter of John and Margaret McDonald. This union was blessed 
 with eight children, five now living: Rebecca (married), John, Eli S. , 
 Oliver P. , and Charles. Mr. Bain lost his first wife after immigrating 
 to Harrison County, and after remaining a widower two years married 
 Mrs. Pitezel, widow of Dr. Joseph Pitezel, by whom she had one child, 
 now deceased. Mrs. Bain's maiden name was Sarah C. Roberts, and 
 she has borne our subject three children: Walter A., Charlotte and 
 Guy. Mr. Bain is a self-made man, and his property of 150 acres is 
 the result of his own labor and economy. 
 
 J. C. Baker was born in Morgan County, Ohio, in 1834, and when 
 two years old was taken by his parents to McLean County, 111., where 
 he resided and engaged in farming until the spring of 1860, when he 
 moved to Harrison County, Mo. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in 
 the Union army for six months, at the expiration of which (April 21, 
 1862) he re-enlisted in Company G, Sixth Missouri Cavalry, and upon 
 the reorganization of the company was elected second lieutenant, in 
 which capacity he served until October, 1863, when he resigned his 
 commission and returned to farm life. In 1868 he was elected clerk 
 of the circuit court, and in 1870, elected sheriff and collector of 
 Harrison County, Mo. , in which capacity he served two years. He 
 afterward was elected to the office of collector, and served two years. 
 He then reengaged in farming and stock shipping until 1886, when he 
 established himself in the general mercantile business at Kidgeway, 
 where he now controls a lucrative patronage. He began life poor, biit 
 now has a stock of goods valued at $4,000. When of age he was 
 married to Miss Sarah J. Smoot, by whom thirteen children have been 
 born: Adeline, Christina, Albert, John A., Benjamin B., James L., 
 Mason, Mary E. , Ida, Charles, Maude, Minnie and Bettie. Mi\ Baker 
 is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the G. A. R. He is the 
 third child of James and Christina (Roberts) Baker, natives of Ohio 
 and Pennsylvania, respectively. The father served as justice of the 
 peace about fifteen years, and was a son of Samuel and Margaret 
 
484 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Baker, natives of Morgan County, Ohio. Mr. James Baker was mar- 
 ried twice, his fii'st wife having been Miss Alman, by whom three 
 children were born. After her death he married the mother of our 
 subject, who was a widow of Robert Stansberry. 
 
 W. C. Baker was born in Van Buren County, Iowa, April 20, 
 1845. His father, Jacob Baker, was born in Maryland and was there 
 married to Miss Hall, a native of the same State, who died leaving 
 three children: Joseph H., Eliza A. and Sarah Jane. He was a mason 
 and plasterer by trade, and from Maryland went to Indiana, where he 
 married Miss Mary A. Hite, by whom he had seven children, only two 
 of whom are living: W. C. Baker and Charles G. , who live in Harri- 
 son County, Mo. Mr. Baker went to Iowa after his marriage but soon 
 returned to Indiana, where he spent his last days. W. C. Baker was 
 reared in Monroe County, Ind. , where he attended the district schools. 
 He lost his father when but five years old, and mother when twelve, 
 and the following year worked for his board and clothes. He then 
 returned home, and assisted his brother iipon the home place, a year 
 after which they both came west. During war time he served six 
 months in Company E, Third Missouri State Militia, Cavalry, and was 
 then discharged on account of sickness. He returned home, and in 1864 
 enlisted in the Forty-eighth Iowa Infantry, as a one-hundred-day man, 
 under Capt. John H. Summers, and upon the expiration of his en- 
 listment received an honorable discharge. He is a plasterer by trade, 
 but upon his return home engaged in farming, which occupation he 
 has since followed, with the exception of about five years, when he 
 was interested in milling. November 24, 1867, he married Miss 
 Sarah A. Glaze, by whom six children have been born: Annie M. , 
 Samuel H., Charles W., Harvey N., Coy and Mary C. Mr. Baker is 
 a Eepublican, has served as township clerk, and is a member of the 
 G. A. R. , Post No. 216, at Cainesville. Himself and wife belong to the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a zealous temperance worker, 
 regarding intemperance as one of the greatest evils of the times. He 
 assists in conducting a Christian Temperance Union at Mount Pleasant 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and has been a class-leader in said 
 church for years. He is a well-to-do man, and owns 700 acres of well- 
 stocked and improved land. The grandfather of Mr. Baker was a 
 soldier in the War of 1812, and is now living near Mount Pleasant, 
 Iowa, at the advanced age of about one hundred. 
 
 Charles G. Baker was born in Monroe County, Ind. , September 9, 
 1840, and is a son of Jacob and Mary H. L. (Hite) Baker, natives of 
 Maryland and Tennessee, and born October 20, 1798 and August 11, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 485 
 
 1811, respectively. After their marriage in Indiana, March 5, 1835, they 
 located upon a farm in Monroe County, where they lived until then- 
 deaths, with the exception of three years, 1840—42, spent in Iowa. The 
 father was a plasterer by trade, and died May 1, 1850, and his wife in 
 September, 1856. Both were members of the Methodist Church, and 
 the father was a Whig in politics. Charles G. is one of a large 
 family of children, and during his youth received a common-school edu- 
 cation. In the spring of 1860, with two brothers and one sister, he came 
 to Harrison County, Mo., where he engaged in farming. In 1862 he 
 enlisted in Company H, Third Missom'i Cavalry, and served until dis- 
 charged at Springfield, Mo., in the spring of 1865. August 10, 1864, 
 he wedded Miss Harriet Kinkead, a native of Scott County, 111. , and 
 at the close of hostilities resumed agricultural pursuits in Harrison 
 Co. In the fall of 1878, he located where he now resides, the place now 
 containing 240 acres. His marriage has been blessed with seven 
 children — two sons and five daughters — all living save one daughter. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Baker are worthy and active members of the Baptist 
 Church, in which Mr. Baker has been a deacon many years. 
 
 W. W. Ballew, one of the pioneer farmers of Union Township, 
 was born in Howard County, 1823, and is the son of Barnabas and 
 Margaret (Burton) Ballew, natives of North Carolina and Kentucky, 
 respectively, who accompanied their parents to Howard County, where 
 they were married about 1817, and spent the remainder of their lives, 
 being among the pioneer settlers of Howard County and compelled to 
 undergo all the perils and endure the privations of such a life. Both 
 were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years pre- 
 vious to their death, the mother' s occiuTing about 1857, while her hus- 
 band lived until 1872. His father was a soldier in the Eevolutionary 
 War. William was reared with a full knowledge of the hardships of 
 pioneer life, and his recollections of that time are in decided contrast to 
 the comforts and conveniences of the present day. His education was 
 necessarily a limited one, and when about twenty-one, he was com- 
 pelled to begin life for himself. He married in 1844 Miss Mary Ann, 
 daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Taylor, early settlers in Carroll 
 County, though Mrs. Ballew was born in Kentucky. This union has 
 resulted in six children, five of whom are living: John Milton, George, 
 Margaret E. (wife of Thomas Vincent), Mary Ann, William Riggins, 
 and Jacob. His wife died in 1880, and in 1882 Mr. Ballew was united 
 to Mrs. Christina Hardevich, sister of his former wife. In 1851 he 
 went to Harrison County, locating on his present farm, where he has 
 since lived, making farming his chief occupation, and as a result of 
 
486 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 his enterprise now owns 154 acres of land, and is universally esteemed 
 
 throughout the county for his honest and upright life. He has been a 
 lifelong Democrat, and both he and his wife are members of the United 
 Brethren Church, the former for twenty-two years; he has been also 
 a member of the quarterly conference, and for the last two years a 
 delegate to the general conference. Jlr. Ballew has always taken an 
 especial interest in all educational matters, and shortly after his arrival 
 in Harrison County erected a schoolhouse in the neighborhood at his 
 own expense. 
 
 A. J. Barber, d«aler in musical instruments, Bethany, is a son of 
 Aquilla and Ellen (Kerr) Barber, and was born in Licking Coimty, 
 Ohio, August 30, 1840. His parents were natives respectively of 
 "Washington City, D. C. , and the State of Pennsylvania, and came to 
 Harrison County in 1855, locating not far from the village of Eagle- 
 ville. The subject was reared to agricultural pursuits, and received a 
 practical English education in the country schools which he attended 
 at intervals until attaining his majority. In the year 1861 he 
 responded to the country's call for volunteers, and enlisted in Com- 
 pany F, ' ' Merrill' s Horse, ' ' with which he served until discharged 
 on account of disabilities in October, 1862. He re-entered the service 
 the following year as private in the Third Missouri Cavalry, 
 and after serving with the same for a period of four months was mus- 
 tered out of the service. In the latter part of 1863 he entered the 
 army the third time, enlisting in Company F, Sixteenth Kansas Cav- 
 alry, with which he participated in a number of active campaigns, 
 until December, 1865. During his period of service Mi'. Barber 
 received three promotions for meritorious conduct, and at the time of 
 his final discharge was captain of the company. During the last six 
 months in the army he traveled with the company over 6, 000 miles in 
 the Western States and Territories, and at one time performed escort 
 duty for the Indian commission appointed by Congress to visit the 
 different Indian reservations. At the expiration of his term of service 
 Mr. Barber returned to Harrison County, and engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits near Eagleville, which occupation he continued about ten 
 years. He subsequently engaged in the hotel and livery business in 
 Eagleville, and after continuing the same three j-ears went to Kansas, 
 in which State he resided untU 1882. During the interval between 
 1882 and 1885 he was in the employ of the Texas Pacific Railroad 
 Company, but in the latter year came to Bethany and engaged in his 
 present business, i. e., dealing in organs and pianos, and buying and 
 selling real estate. He now makes the music business a specialty, and 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 487 
 
 is in the enjoyment of an extensive and lucrative trade. Mr. Barber 
 has been an active business man, and ranks high among the business 
 men of Bethany. He is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the 
 Masonic fraternity and the G. A. E. 
 
 John Barber was born in Licking County, Ohio, December 25, 
 1842, and is a son of Aqnilla and Ellen (Kerr) Barber, natives of Wash- 
 ington, D. C. , and Pennsylvania, respectively. Miss Kerr was the 
 second wife of Mr. Barber, and was married to him in Licking County, 
 where they lived until 1854. They then came to Harrison County, 
 Mo. , where the father died January 30, 1865, and the mother still 
 lives, aged seventy-six. In early life the father was engaged in 
 steamboating upon the Potomac River, and was captain of a boat a 
 number of years. He was a Republican and a member of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, to which Mrs. Barber belongs. John Barber 
 received a common school education in Ohio, and in August, 1861, 
 enlisted in Company F, Second Missouri Cavalry, in which he served 
 nine months. He then enlisted in the Tenth Kansas Cavalry, and 
 served as first sergeant of Company B two years. In April, 1862, he 
 was discharged on account of disability and remained home until Sep- 
 tember, 1863. He fought Indians out west in 1865, and was finally 
 discharged in December of that year. He accompanied his parents to 
 Missouri in 1854, and consequently, after the war, resumed farming 
 in this county. In the spring of 1870 he settled upon his present 
 place, which contains 200 acres. October 8, 1862, he wedded Miss 
 Elizabeth J. Poynter, who died June 29, 1868, and March 2, 1870, 
 married her younger sister. Miss Martha S. Poynter. By his first 
 marriage two children were born : Ellen A. , wife of L. Oaks, and 
 George W., who died June 19, 1868. His last marriage was also 
 blessed with two children: Grace and Jay. Mr. Barber and wife 
 united with the Christian Chu^rch many years ago. Mr. Barber is a 
 Republican, and in 1887 was appointed by Norman J. Coleman, 
 United States Commissioner of Agriculture, to the oflSce of statistical 
 rej)orter of agriculture in Harrison County, which ofiice he still 
 retains. In 1880 he was elected township assessor, and has since 
 served continuously. He has been Master of the Eagleville Masonic 
 Lodge two years, and is Commander of the G. A. R. Post No. 218, 
 at Blythedale. 
 
 Thomas J. Barker was born in Chillieothe, Ross Co. , Ohio, August 
 4, 1840. His father, Thomas A. Barker was born near Richmond, 
 Va. , and when a young man went to Ohio, where he married Eliza 
 Carpenter, a native of Ross County. In 1841 the family moved to 
 
488 HAKRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Indiana, and settled in Warren County, where the father followed his 
 trade of carriage making. He was also a general mechanic and 
 veterinary surgeon, and engaged in these occupations also. His death 
 occurred July 13, 1868. Thomas J. was reared in Warren County, 
 and in July, 1862, enlisted in Company I, Seventy-second Indiana 
 Volunteer Cavalry, in which he served until the close of the war. 
 He enlisted as a private but was discharged as a sergeant. He par- 
 ticipated in all the engagements. His regiment was in over sixty in all, 
 among which were Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Big Shanty, Sill 
 Tanvard, Farmington and the siege and capture of Atlanta. Dur- 
 ing the engagement at Sill Tanyard fifteen of his company were 
 killed in twenty minutes and he was wounded. He was also wounded 
 in an engagement in Georgia. He was discharged at Indianapolis 
 in July, 1865, and' after returning home farmed in Warren County 
 Ind., three years. In September, 1868, be located in Harrison County, 
 and in 1870 moved upon his present place, where he farmed until 1878. 
 He is a Republican, and as such was elected sheriff of his county, in 
 1878, by 500 majority, and was afterward re-elected by 800 majority. 
 He was first married in Warren County, Ind. , in September, 1865, 
 to Margaret Walton, who was born near Crawfordsville, and died in 
 Bethany, in September, 1879, leaving one child, Fannie. In March, 
 1880, Mr. Barker married Miss Bell Bumgardner, daughter of Stephen 
 Bumgardner, who served dm-ing the wai' in the Seventy-second Indiana 
 Cavalry. By this union there is one child, Libbie, aged six. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Barker are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and 
 well respected citizens of high social abilities. 
 
 James Barlow, a leading farmer and stock dealer of Cypress Town- 
 ship, was born in Caroline County, Va. , in 1832, and is the son of 
 George and Sarah (Ubanks) Barlow, both of whom were natives of 
 Virginia, born about 1786 and 1789 respectively, and mamed in 1811. 
 They remained in Virginia till 1836, when they moved to Jackson 
 County, where Mr. Barlow died in 1854, and his wife in 1866. They 
 were both members of the Baptist Church. He enlisted as a private 
 in the War of 1812, but was soon made a recruiting officer. James 
 was raised at home, receiving the most of a limited education after he 
 was of age, and was married August, 1854, to Miss Lucinda, daughter 
 of William and Patsey Nally. This union has resulted in ten chil- 
 dren, nine of whom are living: George W., Emma (wife of Frank 
 Burris), William C. , Hemy A. , Lola, Howard, Edward, Harvey K. 
 and Gilbert. In 1863 Mr. Barlow enlisted in Company I, One Hun- 
 dred and Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Western Virginia 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 489 
 
 Division, took part in all the engagements with his company, and was 
 honorably discharged in the fall of 1864, after about one year' s gal- 
 lant service as sergeant. In 1865 he removed to Livingston County, 
 Mo. , thence in 1869 to Harrison County, Mo. , where he located eight 
 miles south of Bethany, and owns a iine farm of 520 acres of very 
 choice land, making one of the most beautiful homes in the county. 
 Politically he was formerly a Whig, and cast his iirst presidential 
 vote for Scott in 1852. He has held various townshijj offices, and is 
 a member of the G. A. K. An earnest advocate of universal educa- 
 tion, he has spared no pains on that of his children, two of whom are 
 teachers, and two graduates, one of the State University, and one 
 of Ann Arbor University. Mr. Barlow and his wife are both mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 James W. Bell was born in Greene County, East Tenn., December 
 19, 1830, and is a son of George and Anna (Dobson) Bell, also natives 
 of the same county. James W. grew to manhood upon the farm in 
 his native county, and in 1854 came to Missouri, and located in 
 Harrison County, where he engaged in farming in Butler Township. 
 In the fall of 1856 he was married in St. Joseph to Miss Sallie 
 Smith, a native of Clay County, Mo., and daughter of Hugh R. 
 Smith, of Tennessee. In 1877 Mr. Bell bought his present place, 
 which now contains 160 acres well improved, and upon which he has built 
 a good one-and-a-half-story house, and good stables and outbuildings. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Bell have reared a family of eight children: Lucy, wife 
 of John Salter, of Daviess County; Robert, married and in Harrison 
 County; Hattie, wife of John Patton; George; Julia, wife of Luther 
 Barnard, of Nebraska; Laura; William and Charles. Mr. Bell has 
 always upheld the principles of the Democratic party and has served 
 as township clerk and treasurer. He is now serving his foiirth term 
 as township collector. To all offices to which he has been elected he has 
 always ran ahead of his ticket and carried his township by a handsome 
 majority. Both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church. The father of Mr. Bell came to Harrison County in 
 the winter of 1859, where he made his home until his death, which 
 occurred while visiting his daughter in Greene County, Mo. , in the fall 
 of 1867. The mother died in Harrison County, in October, 1876, 
 leaving a family of eight children who grew to maturity. Five are 
 still living, and the subject of this sketch and one sister live in 
 Harrison County. 
 
 L. P. Blaker was born in Bucks County, Penn. , November 22, 1822, 
 and is a son of Peter and Sarah (Harvey) Blaker, Quakers and 
 
490 HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 natives of Pennsylvania. They were of English descent, and died 
 when L. P. was young. He was left considerable property which 
 was lost by the treachery of a friend, and he was then penniless. He 
 began to learn the tailor's trade before of age and spent three years 
 at same He then worked at his trade in PhUadelphia two years, and 
 from there went to Oneida County, N. Y. He then spent some time 
 at various places, among which was St. Louis. He later retm-ned to 
 Bucks County, Penn., and then to Oneida County, where m 1848 he 
 married Miss Addie, daughter of John and Mary Fletcher. The 
 maiden name of Mrs. Fletcher was Crandall, and her first marriage 
 was to F Hull. After his marriage Mr.-Blaker resumed his trade at 
 Dovlestown, Bucks Co., Penn., and later engaged at the same in 
 Oneida County, N. Y., until 1862. He then enlisted in Company A, 
 Eighth New York Cavalry, under Capt. D. Hamilton, and was in the 
 greater part of fifty-two battles participated in by his regiment, 
 which afterward consolidated and became Company G. Among some 
 of the battles in which he fought are Gettysburg, Antietam, Stone 
 Creek etc After the cessation of hostilities he worked at his trade 
 in Mercer County, Mo., and in 1882 came to Harrison County. He 
 has since twice returned to Princeton, Mercer County, but now resides 
 upon his farm in Madison Township, Han-ison Co., Mo. To himself 
 and wife four children have been born: Edgar T., a farmer in Dakota; 
 Florence A. (deceased), aged eighteen; Herbert A., who married 
 Mary F Bull and has one child-Arthur E. ; and Fred V. R. (deceased). 
 Mr and Mrs. Blaker have also reared and educated a motherless 
 child Eva E. Carr, now the wife of William A. Walters. Mr 
 Blaker draws a pension, and has 174 acres of well stocked and 
 improved land. In politics he is a Eepublican. 
 
 William T. Bohannon, M. D., was born in Hart County, Ky., 
 December 7, 1842, and is a son of Rev. George C, and Malii"ia J^ 
 (Nevill) Bohannon, who were married August 11, 1826, and located 
 upon a farm in Hart County, Ky. ; subsequently the father entered 
 the ministry in the Missionary Baptist Chtu:ch. They moved to 
 Barren County, of that State, several years before their death, ihe 
 father died September 9, 1844, while returning home from an associa- 
 tion held at Bowling Green, Ky., and the mother died in July, 1878^ 
 William T. is the youngest of eight children, and passed his boyhood 
 upon the farm, during which time he received a common-school 
 education. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in Company H, Twenty- 
 first Recriment, Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, and served until 18b5, 
 when he was discharged at Louisville, Ky. He participated in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 491 
 
 battles of Stone River, Tunnel Hill, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain 
 and the Atlanta campaign as far as Jonesboro. After the war he 
 graduated at the commercial school in Jacksonville, 111., and studied 
 several years in Hart County, Ky. In the fall of 1869 he entered 
 the Louisville Medical College, fe-om which he graduated in February 
 1871. He then commenced the i^ractice of his profession at Rowlett's 
 Station, Hart Co., Ky. After practicing about five years in Ken- 
 tucky he moved to Han-ison County, Mo., in the summer of 1876 
 and located at Eagleville, where he has been successful in his medi- 
 cal career. October 7, 1877, he married Miss Sallie Morrison of 
 La Rue County, Ky., by whom he has had two children- VerdaR 
 born August 2, 1878, and Clement L., born August 16, 1880 Dr' 
 Bohannon is a Democrat, and himself and wife belong to the Mis- 
 sionary Baptist Chui-ch. 
 
 E Vermont Booth, an enterprising farmer, was born in Cabell County 
 Va., March 25, 1833. His father, Jonathan Booth, was a native of 
 the same place, and was married there to Miss Celia Walker, also of 
 that locality. After thirteen years of farm life there he immigrated 
 to Harrison County, Mo., about 1842, at a time when the hunting was 
 good, and there were but few white settlers. He cleared about 220 
 acres of land upon the banks of the Grand River and there built a log 
 house. Besides the products of his land their food consisted of 
 honey, wild hogs, deer, turkeys, birds, etc., the game being killed by 
 him with an old style flint rifle. Of his man-iage with Miss Walker 
 there are three surviving children: Andrewville, Zerilda Hamm and 
 Evermont. Mr. Booth lost his first wife in Harrison County, and he 
 subsequently wedded Mrs. Harriet Hunt, who was a widow with three 
 children, and bore Mr. Booth one child- Washington Booth. After 
 his second marriage Mr. Booth traveled through Iowa and Kansas, 
 after which he returned to Missouri. His death occurred at the a-e 
 of eighty-one. His widow is now resident of Nodaway County, Mo 
 Evermont Booth remained upon his father's farm until 1850, and 
 then went to California, where he remained eighteen months. He 
 then returned by water, and exchanged the gold dust he had accumu- 
 lated for gold coin at New Orleans. March 31, 1853, he married 
 Miss Susan Reeves, of Kentucky, by whom he had thirteen children 
 ten now living: Albertine, Udora, William, Alice, Segal, Catherine, 
 Wge, John, Rosa and Minerva. Mrs. Booth died October 10 
 ; !? ^g«d forty-six years, five months and eight days, and is buried 
 at the Booth graveyard. A year later Mr. Booth married Mrs. Celia 
 A. (Heddle) Scott, a native of Putnam County, Ind. , and widow of 
 
492 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 John M. Scott, by ■whom she had one son, who died at the age of 
 twelve. Mr. Booth is a well-to-do farmer-citizen of Harrison County, 
 and owns 180 acres of land in his homestead near Gainesville, besides 
 180 acres more in Harrison County, ilr. Booth speaks the Indian 
 language quite fluently, and during the war served in the Missouri 
 State Militia. Both himself and wife are useful and worthy members 
 of the Christian Church. 
 
 D. S. Booze was born in Knox County, Ohio, June 26, 1836, and 
 is a son of Jacob and Ann (Slusher) Booze, who were of German 
 descent'and born near Pittsburgh, Penn. In 1831 they left their native 
 State, and moved to Knox County, Ohio, and the father worked at his 
 trade, that of carpentering, which was his principal occupation 
 through life, although after 1844 he farmed, improved places and 
 engaged in the sawmilling business. He was thrice mairied; his 
 first wife, Julia Ann Nisnangee, was the mother of four children, two 
 of whom are living: Morgan and Eliza. His second wife, who was 
 the mother of our subject, bore him nine children, of whom eight are 
 living: Christopher, Alexander (deceased), Henry, Catherine, Dean S., 
 Aminda and Amanda (twins), Andrew J. and Elizabeth. The third 
 wife was Mrs. Nancy Sloan, whose maiden name was Byers, and who 
 had no children. Mr. Jacob Booze is now a resident of this county, 
 aged ninety-one. His parents, Christopher Booze and wife, were 
 natives of Germany, and the father was a soldier in the Revolutionary 
 War. D. S. Booze was reared in the coiintry in his native county, and 
 received biit a limited education. He worked for different people and 
 in a mill until 1863, and then herded sheep in Marshall County, 
 Iowa, until 1864, when he went west. He fii'st went to Omaha, Neb. , 
 and then to the Rocky Mountains via the Union Pacific Railroad, and 
 for three or four years built and repau-ed telegraph lines. In 1868 
 he came to Missouri, and purchased his present farm, to which he has 
 since added. He now has a nice residence, commodious barns and 
 300 acres of finely improved land on the home tract, besides other 
 valuable lands in Clay Township. He is one of the self-made, enter- 
 prising men of the place, and in politics is a Democrat. April 4, 
 1872, Mr. Booze was united in marriage with Miss P. Norris, a 
 native of Marion County, Ohio, and daughter of William and Martha 
 (Enlow) Norris. The latter were born in Ohio, and the father is a 
 resident of Kansas, the mother being deceased. Mrs. Booze was a 
 resident of Cainesville, Mercer Co., Mo., at the time of her marriage, 
 and is the mother of four children: Estella, Adele, Katie and Viola. 
 
 Daniel D. Boyce, a prominent farmer, stock raiser and merchant 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 493 
 
 at Blue Ridge, was born December 11, 1832, in Harrison County, Ky., 
 and is the fifth of a family of eight children of Noah and Matilda 
 (Miles) Boyce, natives of Scott County, Ky., and Harrison County, 
 Ky., respectively. The father assisted in ejecting the Mormons from 
 Illinois, and being a prominent man of his county was offered several 
 oflices of different kinds, which he refused to accept. He was a son of 
 William and Abbie Boyce, natives of Scotland and Virginia, respect- 
 ively. The former was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mrs. Matilda 
 Boyce was a daughter of Charles Miles, a native of Virginia. Daniel 
 D. accompanied his parents to Morgan County, 111., when a year old, 
 and lived there until November, 1856, when he came to Harrison 
 County, Mo. He began life for himself at the age of seventeen with 
 $50, and afterward received $100 from his father's estate, but the 
 remainder of his property has been earned by his own efforts. He has 
 781 acres of excellently improved and cultivated land which is well 
 stocked and equipped for agricultural pursuits, and is one of the well- 
 to-do farmer citizens of the county. May 20, 1857, he married Miss 
 Catherine Maddox, by whom he had two children: Ida F. and Eliza- 
 beth E. (deceased). Mr. Boyce lost his first wife January 17, 1862, 
 and was married a second time on May 25, 1863, to Miss Nancy J. 
 Baldwin, daughter of William Baldwin, who married Miss Elizabeth 
 Harrison. This marriage of Mr. Boyce has been blessed with two 
 children : Lillie P. and Ettie L. Mr. Boyce belongs to the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, and his wife to the Missionary Baptist. In politics 
 Mr. Boyce is a Republican, and he has served three years as county 
 judge and eight years as justice of the peace. He is a member of the 
 I. O. O. F. He enlisted in the Union army at the commencement of 
 the war, and served a greater portion of the time until November, 
 1864, in Company E, Forty-third Missouri Volunteer Infantry. He 
 was mustered out at Benton Barracks July 8, 1865, as second lieuten- 
 ant of his company. 
 
 Elisha Brace is a native of Monroe County, N. Y. , and was born 
 April 24, 1820. His father, Hiram Brace, was a native of the same 
 county and State. His gi'eat- grandfather, Elisha Brace, was of En- 
 glish birth, settled upon the Mohawk River at an early date, and was 
 a soldier in the Revolutionary War. His grandfather, Elisha Brace, 
 Jr. , was an early settler of Monroe County, a soldier in the War of 
 1812, and at one time county judge of Calhoun County, Mich. Hiram 
 Brace was reared upon a farm in New York, and married Elsie Wor- 
 den, a native of that State, and in 1836 settled in Calhoun County, 
 Mich., where he improved a farm, upon which he resided until his 
 
494 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 death in 1850. Elisha Brace, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest 
 of a family of five sons and two daughters, all of whom grew to ma- 
 turity, and three of whom are now living. He was reared in Cal- 
 houn County, and during his youth learned the carpenter's trade. 
 After becoming of age he returned to New York, and was married in 
 Orleans County, September 29, 1844, to Miss Ruth Jeanette Bennett, 
 daughter of Charles A. Bennett, a pioneer settler of that county. 
 Mrs. Brace is a native of Orleans County, and after her man-iage 
 moved with her husband to Michigan, where Mr. Brace worked at 
 his trade in connection with farming and teaching. He also sold 
 goods aboiit five years at Coopersville, Ottawa Co., Mich., and in 
 1869 left that place and came to HaiTison County, Mo. , where he 
 bought raw land upon the western line of the boundary, and improved 
 a farm, upon which he farmed until 1885, when he resigned the man- 
 agement to his son. In October of that year he was appointed 
 postmaster of New Hampton, and in 1886 established his present 
 hardware business. His one child, Albert E. , is married, the father 
 of a family, and makes his home upon the old homestead. Mr. Brace 
 is a Democrat, and has held various offices of responsibility both in 
 Michigan and Missouri. He has filled the office of postmaster in Kent 
 and Ottawa Counties, Mich., so that this is the third time he has 
 occupied that position. He is now a resident of New Hampton, whither 
 he moved his family in 1885. 
 
 Conrad C. Bram was born April 29, 1846, in Illingen, oberamt 
 Maulbron Wurtemberg, Germany, and in 1853, when seven years 
 old, came with his parents to the United States, landing in New York 
 City, and immediately proceeding to Delaware County, Ohio, where 
 they lived until 1857, at which time they moved upon a farm, half a 
 mile east of the present residence of our subject, which Mr. Bram, 
 father of Conrad C. , entered. Conrad Bram began life upon his own 
 responsibility when twenty-one with no money, but has through 
 industry and practical business ability succeeded well in life, and is now 
 the owner of a splendidly improved farm, upon which he resides, of 
 120 acres, well equipped in every way for farming. February 22, 
 1874, he was imited in marriage with Miss Margaret Stahli, a native 
 of Eipley County, Ind., and daughter of Casper and Catherine 
 (Snyder) Stahli, natives of County Bern, Switzerland, and Hesse 
 Darmstadt, Germany, respectively, who immigrated to the United 
 States, and located in Ripley County, Ind. , where they were married. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Bram seven children have been born: DoraC, Bertha 
 A., J. Adolph, Clara R., Esther E., H. Otto and Ella B. Mr. Bram is 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 495 
 
 a Republican in polities, and in the spring of 1887 was elected trustee 
 of his township. He has also served his township in other capaci- 
 ties, and for about thirteen years was clerk of his school district. 
 Dm-ing the war he served in the Enrolled State Militia. He is a 
 member of the I. O. O. F. , and his wife belongs to the Evangelical 
 Association. He is the fourth of a family of eleven children (five of 
 whom are now living, six having died in infancy) of John Christopher 
 and Catherine Dorothy (Stahl) Bram. After living in Delaware 
 County, Ohio, as above stated, the parents came to Harrison County, 
 Mo., where they permanently located. The father was born in Illin- 
 gen, oberamt Maulbron, Germany, and died in Harrison County, 
 Mo. , Januaiy 3, 1874, aged sixty-two. The mother is now making 
 her home with the subject of this sketch. The paternal grandparents 
 of Conrad Bram were Christian and Magdalene (Carwecker) Bram, 
 natives of the Kingdom of Wuiiemberg, Germany, where the former 
 was a burgomaster for many years. The maternal grandparents, 
 John Conrad and Catherine (Burger) Stahl, were natives of Weissach, 
 oberamt Vaihingenon the Ens, and the former was a butcher by trade, 
 in connection with which he engaged in farming. J. C. Stahl was a 
 son of Martin and Dorothy (Yetter) Stahl, and his wife a daughter of 
 Jacob and Eegina (Waidelich) Burger, who were natives also of Wur- 
 temberg. Mr. Jacob Berger was an uncle of Mrs. Catherine Dorothy 
 Bram, and was a member of the Napoleonic expedition to Moscow, of 
 which he was a survivor for many years. 
 
 William Brough was born in Willingham Lane, near Gainsboro, 
 on the River Trent, Lincolnshire, England, December 22, 1827, and 
 is a son of James and Mary (Grundy) Brough, natives of England, 
 and born in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, respectively. The 
 father died in Lincolnshire, October 29, 1873, aged eighty-one years, 
 and the mother in Yorkshire, November 13, 1882, aged eighty-six 
 years. William was reared upon a farm, and during his youth received 
 a limited education. In 1851 he immigrated to America, and immedi- 
 ately went to Lockport, N. Y. , where he remained three months. He 
 then located in La Porte County, Ind. , and engaged in farming four- 
 teen years. In 1865 he removed to Harrison County, Mo. , and set- 
 tled upon his present farm of 2-4:7 acres in Jefferson Township, where 
 he has since resided, and has established himself as one of the success- 
 ful farmers of the township. He is a man of good principles, and 
 enjoys the respect of his neighbors and fellow citizens. 
 
 Bernard Austin Brown, a farmer of Cypress Township, was born 
 in West Virginia, April 13, 1830, and is a son of John B. and Han- 
 
496 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 nah (Hill) Brown. The father, of Irish descent, was born near Mount 
 Sterling, Ky. , in 1794, and served in the War of 1812, after" which he 
 went with a colony to West Virginia, where he was married about 1819, 
 remaining there till 18-43, when he went to Daviess County, Mo. , thence 
 in 1854 to Harrison County, locating in Cypress Township, afterward 
 returning to Salem, where he died in 1877. His wife was born in West 
 Virginia in 1800, and died in 1863, in Cypress Township. They were 
 both members of the Baptist Church for many years. Benton A. 
 accompanied his parents to Missouri in 1849, went from that place to 
 Mexico, afterward to California, where he engaged in mining till 1853 
 when he returned to Missoui-i and located on his present farm. In 
 1854 he was married to Miss Calista, daughter of Aseph and Elizabeth 
 Butler, formerly of Illinois, where Calista was born. This marriage 
 has been blessed with nine children, eight of whom are living. Clara 
 (widow of Alex. Brightop), Emma (wife of Nelson Parrott), Ida (wife 
 of Eobert Waltz, of Nebraska), James E. , Norton H. , Ernest L. and 
 Eda Alice (twins), and Willford Butler. In politics he was formerly a 
 Whig, and cast his first vote for Gen. Scott in 1852, acted with the 
 Republican party till the Greenback party was organized, when he 
 sympathized with them, but at present is a member of the Union 
 Labor party. He is also a member of the Grange. During the war 
 he served in Capt. Sutton's company. Both Mr. Brown and his wife 
 are members of the Christian Church. An early settler in a new 
 country, he has seen its gradual development into prosperity, and has 
 struggled against the disadvantages of a very limited education, until 
 at present ho is a well-to-do and prosperous citizen, and owns a fine 
 farm of 240 acres, 200 of which are in a fine state of cultivation. 
 
 James B. Brower, an old settler of Harrison County, Mo., a son of 
 Adam and Jeanette (McMurchy) Brower, was born in Clermont County, 
 Ohio, in 1824. His father is a son of a fisherman who was a native of 
 Holland, and he was born in Egg Harbor, N. J. , in-1802. The mother 
 was born in Scotland in 1809, and at the age of ten came to America. 
 She was married in Clermont County, Ohio, and in 1839 moved to Jen- 
 nings County, Ind., where she died in 1880. She was an active mem- 
 ber of the Methodist Episcopal Chuixh, in which Mr. Brower has been 
 a local minister for forty years. He is still a resident of Jennings 
 County, and has engaged in farming, brickmaking and building. In 
 politics he is a Whig, is now a Republican, and has served as justice 
 of the peace. James B. Brower is the eldest child of his parents, and 
 during his early youth worked ten years at the brickmaker's trade. 
 In 1846 he married Elizabeth B. Bailiff, a native of Clermont County, 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 497 
 
 Ohio, born in 1828, to whom ten children were born: Benjamin R., 
 Leonora, Angeline, Sylvania, James L., Charles H., Willard F., Ellis 
 M. , Mary and Jasper. In 1853 Mr. Brower and family moved to 
 Marion County, Iowa, and the following year came to Harrison 
 County, Mo., where he has since lived and is the owner of 163 acres of 
 good land and is a prominent citizen. In 1861 he joined Capt. Fitch's 
 company of militia, and shortly after became captain of a company. 
 In 1862 he entered Company A, Thirty-fifth Missouri Volunteer 
 Infantry, United States Army, as first lieutenant, which position he 
 held until the close of the war, the last two years of which he had 
 command of his company. He was in command at the battle of Helena, 
 where he was wounded and taken prisoner. In politics he is a stanch 
 Republican, and as such has been assessor, county judge, and repre- 
 sented his company in the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth General 
 Assemblies. In 1885 he lost his wife, and the following year married 
 her sister, Mrs. Edith Ghan. 
 
 William D. Bryant, M. D., is a son of Thomas O. and Nancy 
 (Edwards) Bryant.natives of Garrard County, Ky. , and is a descendant 
 of a well-known and highly respected family, The father was a 
 nephew of ex-Gov. Owsley, of Kentucky. In 1833 he moved to 
 Indiana, and made his home in Bartholomew and Decatur Counties. 
 He died in the latter, having been thrown from a mule, while looking 
 after his extensive business. His wife survived him but five months, 
 and was buried by his side on the old homestead. Both were mem- 
 bers of the Christian Church, in which Mr. Bryant was an elder many 
 years. William D. was born February 11, 1837, and at the age of 
 eight years was left an orphan. He attended an academy during his 
 early life at Hartsville, Bartholomew County, and at the age of twelve 
 was apprenticed by his guardian, Elder Hopkins, to the tanner' s trade, 
 which proved uncongenial, and he then worked in a brickyard and 
 upon a farm of his brother until 1856. The brother then came to Mis- 
 souri, and William worked as a farm hand at Hartsville until October 
 1, 1857, when he married Miss Elizabeth Miller, a native of Bartholo- 
 mew County, Ind. , where her father is still engaged in farming at the 
 age of eighty-seven. Mr. Bryant remained in that county engaged in 
 farming and reading medicine until 1862, and August 6 of that 
 year enlisted in Company H, Twelfth Indiana Infantry, under Col. 
 William H. Link. He served twenty-six months, most of the time as 
 clerk and hospital stewart, but was twice a prisoner; also participated 
 in the battle of Richmond. July 9, 1865, he immigrated to Mount 
 Moriah, Harrison County, where he spent three years practicing medi- 
 
498 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 cine which he had studied before the war in Indiana. July 9, 1868, 
 he came to Gainesville, where he has enjoyed a lucrative practice for 
 almost twenty years, his territory extending over Harrison and Mercer 
 Counties. To the Doctor and Mrs. Bryant four children have been 
 born: Thomas F., Josephine (deceased), Kate G. and Cora M. Dr. 
 Bryant is adjutant of Gainesville Post No. 216, G. A. E., is justice of 
 the peace, notary public and pension attorney, and draws a pension of 
 $8 per month. In politics he is a Republican, and has been clerk 
 of the town board ten years. Besides his residence property in Gaines- 
 ville he is the owner of four lots. Himself and wife belong to the 
 Christian Church, of which he is a deacon and clerk. Dr. Biyant is 
 in sentiment a Prohibitionist, and delights in the Sunday-school work 
 of which he is a superintendent. He is a brother of Prof. T. J. Brj-- 
 ant. the world-renowned penman and accountant of Indianapolis, 
 Ind. Dr. Bryant is a graduate of his brother's school in bookkeeping 
 and penmanship. 
 
 Judge Joseph F. Bryant was born in Bartholomew County, Ind. , 
 January 21, 1841, and is a son of Stephen and Elizabeth (Hancock) 
 Bryant, both natives of GaiTard County, Ky. The family removed to 
 Harrison County, Mo. , in 1851, and settled upon a farm which is now 
 in Adams Township. The father died in this county in 1879. The 
 mother died seven or eight years previous, and was the mother of the 
 following children: Joseph F. ; Mary, wife of Thomas F.Walton; 
 Eliza, wife of John H. Ensley; William S., of Horton, Kas., and 
 Luther (deceased). Joseph F. is the eldest child, and was reared to 
 manhood upon the farm in this county. At the age of seventeen he 
 came to Bethany, and for nine or ten years was employed in the 
 county clerk's and other officers. In the meantime he studied law, 
 and in 1862 was admitted to the bar. In 186-l:-65 he served as county 
 attorney, and for the past quarter of a century has practiced his pro- 
 fession in Bethany in connection with the real estate business. He 
 has also been engaged in the mercantile line, and by the exercise of 
 prudence, industry and strict attention to business, has amassed a 
 handsome competency, and is now one of the solid business men of 
 Harrison County. He is a Republican in politics, and as such has held 
 the various offices he has so efficiently filled. For five years he 
 served as county judge of Harrison County, and from 1878 until 1881 
 filled the office of probate judge. July 2, 1866 he was united in mar- 
 riage with Rhoda Manes, a native of Illinois, who died in 1877 leav- 
 ing three children: John B. , Cora B. and Stephen O. August 7, 1878, 
 he married his present wife, who was Miss Anna E. Robinson, daugh- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 499 
 
 ter of Col. William P. Eobinson, andby whom he has had four children: 
 Pauline, Elizabeth, Joseph F. and William P. The Judge and Mrs. 
 Bryant are active members of the Christian Church, and highly 
 esteemed by the community. 
 
 William T. Buck, farmer and stock raiser of Section 14, Township 
 63, Range 28, was born half a mile fcom his present residence in 1854, 
 and is a son of Bethuel and Mary (Nicholas) Buck. The father was of 
 Pennsylvania Dutch and English descent, and was born in White 
 County, Tenn. , in 1817. He was married in his native State in 1836, 
 and in 1850 immigrated to Harrison County, Mo. , locating in Section 
 13, Township 63, Range 28, where he spent the remainder of his life 
 engaged in farming. His death occurred April 3, 1885, at which time 
 he was the owner of 240 acres. His father, Jonathan Buck, was born 
 and died in Tennessee. Mary (Nicholas) Buck is of German descent 
 and was born in Jackson County, Tenn., in 1821. She now resides 
 upon the old home place and is the mother of five living children : Madi- 
 son; Glaphrey, wife of Charles Nelson; Martha, wife of George Selby; 
 Susan, wife of Robert Mitchell, and William T. The last named 
 received a common and public school education in Bethany, and lived 
 with his parents until past nineteen. June 5, 1873, he married Miss 
 Amanda, daughter of Marcus and Martha (Potter) Gunn. Mrs. Buck 
 is a native of Washington County, Penn. , was born in 1855, and in 
 1870 came to Harrison County, Mo. To Mr. and Mrs. Buck five 
 childi-en have been born : Cora, Mollie, Orlanda and Alvin (twins), and 
 Lucy. After his marriage Mr. Buck located in the same section as 
 the old homestead, and there resided until 1882 when he bought 120 
 acres of his present place. He now owns 180 acres of first-class land, 
 and has a well-improved farm. He is an enterprising farmer, and in 
 1885 erected a large l^wo-story frame dwelling at a cost of $800. In 
 politics he is a Democrat, and himself and wife belong to the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 Robert J. Buntin, a native of Boone County, Ind. , was born in 
 1835, and is the third of nine sons of James L. and Mary B. (Elliott) 
 Buntin. His parents were natives of Kentucky, in which State their 
 maiTiage occurred about 1829. Shortly after they went to Boone 
 County, Ind. (being among the first settlers in that coiinty), thence in 
 1855 to Harrison County, locating near Brooklyn, where the mother 
 died, and where the husband still resides, at the advanced age of eighty - 
 two. Both ]Mr. and Mrs. Buntin are members of the Christian Church. 
 Robert J. remained with his parents thirty years, having a very limited 
 education, his entire school-life not exceeding three months. In 
 
500 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 October, 1861, he enlisted in the Union army, Company G, Twenty- 
 third Missouri Volunteer Infantry, operating in Missouri, Tennessee, 
 Georgia and Virginia. He took part in the engagement at Shiloh, 
 where he was captured, and taken to Montgomery, Ala. , and Macon, 
 Ga. , and held as a prisoner until October, 1862, when he rejoined his 
 command, accompanying Sherman all through the Georgia and Atlanta 
 campaigns to the coast, where he was discharged after four years' 
 service. The same year he was married to Miss Susan F. , daughter 
 of Thomas P. and Susanna Shumard, who were natives of New Jersey 
 and Virginia, respectively, though Mrs. Buntin was born in Ohio, and 
 accompanied her parents to Missouri in 1855. This union has 
 resulted in five children: Lulu Bessie (wife of TJtus Cord), Eaton, Ed- 
 ward Roy, Robert H. E. , Laura Anna and Arthur Estus. Mr. Buntin 
 now resides near Brooklyn, where he has a finely improved farm of 160 
 acres, and twenty acres of timber. Politically he is a Republican, and 
 both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Mr. Buntin has always taken a great interest in all educational enter- 
 prises, and in the general welfare of the community, and is honored 
 and respected by all who know him. 
 
 B. F. Bums is a son of Tarrance and Catherine (Jackson) Burns, 
 and was born in Harrison County, Ky. , in 1820, being one of a family 
 of twelve children, seven of whom are living. After his marriage the 
 father moved to Nashville, where he worked at his trade, that of brick- 
 laying. While there he built a house for Gen. Jackson. He after- 
 ward lived in Kentucky, and then moved to Jefferson County, Ind. , 
 where he lost his wife, and was married, a second time, to Mrs. Sarah 
 Sharp, a widow. His death occun-ed in that county. B. F. Burns passed 
 his early youth upon his father' s farm in HaiTison County, Ky. , and 
 Jefferson County, Ind. , and at the age of nineteen began life for him- 
 self as a farm laborer. For three years he worked for his brother-in- 
 law, at $4 per month, and at the age of twenty-two married Miss 
 Elizabeth Chambers, daughter of John Chambers, of Decatur County, 
 Ind. , after which he engaged in farming in that county three years. 
 In 18-44 he immigrated to Mercer County, Mo., and five years later 
 came to Harrison County. He then made an overland trip to Cali- 
 fornia, and spent three years there profitably, after which he returned 
 home by water, where he has since resided. During the war he 
 enlisted in Company E, Third Missouri State Militia Cavalry, serving 
 under Col. King, a son of Gov. King. He fought Gen. Marmaduke's 
 troops at Springfield, and was captured at Neosho. He was afterward 
 paroled, but obliged to take up arms again. After the war he resumed 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 501 
 
 his farming, and is now the owner of a small but finely improved farm, 
 upon which he has erected good buildings, etc. Mr. Burns lost his 
 wife in Harrison County, by whom he had eight children, three of 
 whom are living: Sarah E., Amanda J. and Elizabeth. Three years 
 after the death of his first wife Mr. Burns man'ied Rebecca J. (Barnes) 
 Howard, who had one child by her first marriage — John B. Howard. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Burns are members of the Baptist Church, as was also 
 the first wife of 'Mr. Burns. He is a Republican, and a member of the 
 G. A. R. 
 
 George Burris is the third of five boys, and the youngest child but 
 two of a family of five sons and four daughters born to George and 
 Lydia (Ewing) Burris, and is a native of Jackson County, Ohio, born 
 in 1825. The father was born in Patrick County, Va. , in 1791, and 
 the mother in Greenbrier County, Va. They were of German and 
 Irish descent, respectively. When childi-en, they both came to Ohio 
 while it was yet a territory, and were married in Gallia County, but 
 located afterward in Jackson County. The father was a soldier in the 
 War of 1812, was twice a representative of his county, and served as 
 associate judge fourteen years, besides filling several minor ofiices. 
 Both himself and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. In 1857 they came to Harrison County, Mo., where they 
 lived until the ages of eighty-two and eighty-one, respectively, and 
 where they are now buried. During the Rebellion Mr. Burris served 
 as major in a company of mUitia in the Union army. George Burris, 
 the subject of this sketch, was reared upon a farm, and received but a 
 limited education. In 1847 he married Weltha Durkee, a native of 
 Vermont, who survived her marriage but a few months. In 1851 he 
 wedded Elizabeth Henry, a native of Carroll County, Ohio, by whom 
 he has had ten children: Franklin P., Weltha E., Sarah C, Lydia E., 
 Mary A., Cora B., Susie, Warren (deceased), George Elwell 
 (deceased) and Lydia J. (deceased). Since coming to Harrison 
 County, Mo., Mr. Burris has successfully engaged in farming and 
 stock raising, and the greater part of his property is the result of his 
 own labor, good management and business ability. His farm is one 
 of the finest in the county, and contains about 1,300 acres. Mr. 
 Burris is a well-known Democrat in this section of the country, and 
 for about twelve years served as justice of the peace, and was twice 
 appointed and twice elected as county judge. In 1883-84 he was 
 elected representative of his county, by the Democratic party, against 
 Gen. Prentiss, and in a county strongly Republican. Both himself 
 and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
502 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 E. B. Bush, M. D., was born in Barren County, Ky. , in the year 
 1809, and is a son of "William T. and Sarah (Mathews) Bush, both natives 
 of Virginia, who accompanied their parents to Kentucky when quite 
 small, and were there reared and married. In 1834 they removed to 
 Sangamon County, 111. , where the father followed his occupation as 
 merchant, and shortly afterward died, the death of his widow occurring 
 some time later. The Doctor received a common-school education; 
 at the age of sixteen commenced the study of medicine, and at twenty- 
 one began to practice his profession. About 1828 he went to the lead 
 mines of Wisconsin, remaining in the Northwest till 1849, when he 
 went to California and Oregon, returning in 1852 to Iowa, and just 
 prior to the war went to Harrison County, locating in Union Township, 
 which he has since made his home. On his arrival in Harrison 
 County, the Doctor erected a steam flouring and saw mill, which he 
 managed for several years, intending to give up the practice of medi- 
 cine, but was compelled by the appeals of his friends to return to the 
 same, and has since made that his chief business, being one of the 
 most successful physicians in the county. He was married in 1869 
 to Miss Mary Ray, and as a result of this union there are eight chil- 
 dren, five of whom are living: E. B. Bush, Christopher S., Flora 
 Belle, Pleasant B. and Willis M. The Doctor experienced a great 
 loss in the death of his wife, March 12, 1883. Politically, he was 
 formerly a Whig, and cast his first vote for Hairison, but since 1860 
 has been a Democrat. He is a Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. , 
 and is connected with the Christian Church, as was also his wife. The 
 Doctor has always been a very industrious man, and as a result of his 
 good management has a fine farm of 300 acres. Always an earnest 
 worker in the cause of education, and for the public welfare, he is 
 everywhere recognized as one of the foremost citizens of the county. 
 A. J. Bush was born in Jasper County, 111., July 9, 1848, and is 
 a son of W. S. J. and Eleanor (Day) Bush. The former was of 
 French descent and the latter a native of North Carolina. They were 
 married in Jasper County, 111. , whither they had accompanied their 
 parents when young, and there lived until 1853. Both were members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The father was a cabinet-maker 
 by trade, but made farming his principal occupation. Being fond of 
 hunting he immigrated to Mercer County, Mo., in June, 1853, and 
 two years later came to Harrison County, where he improved a 
 farm, upon which he lived until 1863. He then sold it and moved 
 upon the land where A. J. now lives, upon which he died February 
 14, 1869. In politics he was once a Whig but afterward a Kepub- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 503 
 
 lican. A. J. is one of eight childrea, four of whom are now living. 
 After his father's death himself and brother, Frank P., managed the 
 farm for their mother. He began life for himself when of age with 
 no worldly goods save a colt which his mother had given him. Upon 
 the division of his father's property he became the owner of the old 
 homestead upon which he has since lived. He now owns 238 acres 
 of well stocked and improved land, and is a successful farmer. 
 December 14, 1871, he married Letitia Jacobs, by whom he had one 
 child (William W. ), and who died February 26, 1875. February 7, 
 1878, he married Miss Mary L. Leazen, which marriage has been 
 blessed with two children, Josie Lee and Claudie Belle. Mr. and ISIrs. 
 Bush are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the former 
 is a Republican in politics. 
 
 J. C. Cain was born November 2, 1865, and is a son of Peter and 
 Missouri A. Mullins, natives of Kentucky. The father came to Mis- 
 souri when there were but two or three houses in Princeton, and once 
 owned the land where Princeton is now built. He donated the prop- 
 erty for the depot there, and assisted in organizing Mercer County. 
 He served twice as sheriff and once as judge of the county, and was 
 one of the most influential citizens of the locality. To himself and wife 
 eleven children were born, seven of whom are living: Mary, Eebecca, 
 Sarah, Jonathan, J. C, David and Rose. Mr. Peter Cain was a 
 Democrat in politics, and one of the enterprising and public-spirited 
 men of his county. His death occurred in 1874, and his wealth at this 
 time was estimated at between $150,000 and $200,000. J. C. was 
 reared upon his father's farm, and after attending the district schools 
 in the neighborhood attended Wheaton College, near Chicago, 111., 
 and upon graduating from the preparatory department of same studied 
 the higher branches another year. He has now been engaged in the 
 gi'ocery business under the firm name of C. B. Woodward & Co. , for 
 over a year, and is also the owner of a fine farm in Harrison County, 
 containing over 800 acres of well-stocked and improved land. 
 
 W. W. Campbell, of the firm of Opdyke & Campbell, millers at 
 Kidgeway, Mo. , was born November 25, 1834, in Washington County, 
 Penn. , and moved to Jackson County, Ohio, with his parents when 
 about seven years old. He made that county his home until 1872, 
 and then removed to the locality where he has since resided. He 
 was reared upon a farm, and when sixteen began life for himself, so 
 that his property is the result of his own industry, good management 
 and business ability. His principal occupation has been that of farm- 
 ing, and he is the owner of 160 acres of well-improved laud, besides 
 
504 HABEISON COUNTY. 
 
 owning a half interest in a mill at Eidgeway. December 25, 1862, he 
 was united in marriage with Miss Clarinda Harrel, daughter of Daniel 
 and Melinda (Dawson) Harrel, natives of Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Campbell the following children have been bom: Poston, Lee, 
 Francis, Harry, Lailcelot, Florence, Myrtle and Lola Mabel. Both 
 Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are church members. Mr. Campbell is a 
 Democrat in politics. He is the youngest of five children of 
 Samuel and Eachel (Cole) Campbell, natives of Pennsylvania and 
 Maryland. For several years the father served as justice of the peace, 
 ■ and he was a son of Lancelot and Margaret Campbell. Mrs. Eachel 
 Campbell was a daughter of Thomas and Nancy (Hunter) Cole, 
 natives possibly of Maryland. 
 
 Judge William Canaday was born in Highland County, Ohio, April 
 15, 1823, and is the eldest of three children born to John and Sarah 
 (Purteat) Canaday, natives of Alabama and Kentucky, and born respect- 
 ively in 1802 and 1801. After their marriage in Highland (Jounty, 
 Ohio, they lived upon a farm there until 1828, and then immigrated 
 to what is now McLean County, 111., where the father died June 3, 
 1835. He was a farmer, and at one time kept a store in Illinois. He 
 was a Wl(ig in politics, and in religion was reared a Quaker. After 
 his death the mother married Benjamin Slatten, and in the spring of 
 1855 came to Harrison County, Mo., where she died February 19, 
 1887. She was a member of the Christian Church. Her second hus- 
 band died in April, 1867. William Canaday received a common-school 
 education during his youth, and has devotod his entire life to agricult- 
 ural pursuits. March 24, 1842, he wedded Miss Elizabeth Leeper, 
 a native of Hendricks County, Ky. He farmed in McLean County, 
 111., until the spring of 1855, and then immigrated to Colfax Town- 
 ship, Harrison Co., Mo., where he now owns 160 acres of land 
 after giving to his three sons — John, Christopher and Joseph W. 
 Canaday — 240 acres apiece. In September, 1864, he was commissioned 
 as first lieutenant in Company E., Forty-third Missouri Volunteer 
 Infantry, and served until the cessation of hostilities. He was 
 elected county judge in 1864, and served in that office until his enlist- 
 ment in the United States service. Upon his return he was ap- 
 pointed to the position of judge by the Governor, and served a short 
 time. In politics he is a Democrat, and himself and wife are mem- 
 bers of the Christian Church. 
 
 Alfred N. Cave was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1840, and 
 is a son of Eev. Alfred N. , Sr. , and Eebecca (Anderson) Cave. The 
 father is of Irish, German, English and Fjrench descent. He was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 505 
 
 born in Kentucky in 1814, and until twenty years of age engaged in 
 farming, but since that time has been a preacher in the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. "When young he went to Ohio, and in 1833 went 
 to Fairfield County, where he married the mother of our subject, who 
 was a native of that county, and born in 1814. About 1S45 Mr. 
 Cave moved to Clinton County, Ind. , where he lost his wife in 1847, 
 who had borne him five children. In 1850 he married Elizabeth M. 
 Loveless, who was born in Boss County, Ohio, in 1828. In 1858 Mr. 
 Cave went to Daviess County, Mo., and the following year bought 
 eighty acres on Sugar Creek, in Harrison County. In 1869 he came 
 to Bethany, where he has since resided, and where he lost his wife 
 April 28, 1887. Mr. Cave is a highly esteemed Christian gentleman, 
 and for many years was a circuit rider in Grundy, Daviess and Har- 
 rison Counties, Mo. For nearly two years he was chaplain in the- 
 Twenty-third Missoiu'i Begiment, United States army. Of late years 
 he has done local work, but as he is now advanced in years and in 
 feeble health, does but little preaching. Alfred N. is the fourth 
 child born to his father's first marriage, and has one surviving brother, 
 James E., a resident of Tippecanoe County, Ind. At the age of five 
 years A. N. went to Indiana, where he received a district school edu- 
 cation. He came to Missouri with his father, and at the commence- 
 ment of the war, being a Union man, enlisted August 3, 1861, in 
 Company F, Second Missouri Cavalry, known as ' ' Merrill' s Horse. ' ' 
 He was in the battles of Silver Creek, Memphis, Moore's Mill, Kirks- 
 ville, Little Rock, Brownsville, Kingston and several skirmishes. He 
 was captured at Sedalia, but was paroled the same day. After his 
 discharge at Chattanooga July 21, 1865, he returned to Harrison 
 County, and January 1, 1866, married Miss Martha Meek, daughter 
 of G. W. Meek, a minister of the United Brethren Church. Mrs. 
 Cave was born in Wabash County, Ind. , in 1846, and came to Mis- 
 souri when nine years old. She is the mother of five children: Ollie 
 M. , R. Anna, Mary E. , Lillie E. and Ettie M. With the exception 
 of the years 1877 and 1879, which were spent in Republic County, Kas., 
 Mr. Cave has resided in Harrison County, Mo. , since his mamage. 
 In 1882 he located where he now resides, and where he owns thirty 
 acres of land. He is a Republican in polities, and himself and wife 
 are active and devoted Christians. 
 
 J. Q. Chambers was born in Jennings County, Ind., in 1831, and 
 is a son of John and Elizabeth Chambers. John Chambers was a 
 native of North Carolina, and immigrated to Indiana in an early day. 
 He married Elizabeth Hankins, afterward settled in Jennings County, 
 
 32 
 
506 HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 and remained there until 1832, when he moved to Decatm- County, 
 where he reared a family of thirteen children, all living but one. In- 
 1845 he immigrated to Harrison County, Mo., and entered 320 acres 
 of land. He and wife were members of the Baptist Church. He 
 died from the efPects of a wound received by a fall in 1851. His wife 
 lived until 1862, when she died, and was buried by the side of him in 
 the same graveyard, near Cainesville; his family are all dead now 
 but four — two girls and two boys. J. Q. Chambers lived with his 
 father until of age, when he married a Miss M. E. E. J. Bishop, a 
 daughter of Absalom Bishop. He subsequently entered land, and farmed 
 for a few years, then sold his farm, and went to blacksmithing, which 
 trade he has followed most of the time since. Himself and wife have had 
 ten childi-en, five of whom are now living, viz. : Joab, Mary C. Tali- 
 tha J., David M. and Ida B. Mr. C. owns his shop and residence in 
 Cainesville. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and himself, 
 wife and family, except one son, are all church members. During the 
 war Mr. Chambers enlisted in the United States army. Company F, 
 Thirty-fifth Missouri Infantry, under Col. Kimball, but was not in any 
 regular engagement, and was soon discharged on account of disability, 
 from which disability he still suffers. 
 
 George W. Chancy, a farmer of Sugar Creek Township, was born 
 in Russell County, Va., in 1831, and was the eighth of ten children 
 of John and Elizabeth (Blair) Chancy, who were also natives of that 
 State, living there until their marriage. About 1840 they moved 
 to Grundy County, thence in 1853 to California, where he died in 
 1854. Mr. Chancy was twice married, and his life-long occupation 
 was farming in connection with blacksmithing. The mother died in 
 Minnesota about 1877. George W. was reared at home, without the 
 ad?Entages of an education, and was mamed in 1852 to Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John and Isabel Hudson, formerly of Tennessee, 
 where then- daughter was born. This union has resulted in eight chil- 
 dren, seven of whom are living: John Hemy, Mary (wife of James 
 Jolly, of Kansas) ; Andrew Green, Emerson, Milton V. , Thomas E. and 
 Albert E. Mr. Chancy remained in Grundy Coimty but a short time, 
 then settled in Sugar Creek Township, twenty miles southeast of 
 Bethany, where he has since resided (with the exception of two years 
 spent in California, where he engaged in mining and teaming) follow- 
 ing the occupation of farming, and as a result of his efforts he has a 
 fine farm of 240 acres. During the war he served under Capt. Hut- 
 ton in the Missouri State Militia. Politically he was formerly a Whig, 
 casting his first vote for Pierce. Both he and his wife are members 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 507 
 
 of the Baptist Church, and take a great interest in all educational 
 and other laudable enterprises. 
 
 Henry B. Christie, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Shelby 
 County, Ky., June 2, 1839, and is a son of Israel and Elizabeth 
 (Cook) Christie, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, and born in 1796 
 and 1799, respectively. In the fall of 1849 the family moved from 
 Kentucky to Missouri, and for six years made their home in Buchanan 
 County. • In the spring of 1856 they moved to Daviess County, where 
 the father improved a farm of 400 acres, upon which he resided until 
 his death in January, 1873. That of Mrs. Christie occurred in 1877. 
 Mr. Christie served in the War of 1812, as did also a brother of his, 
 and for services they received land warrants. Henry B. is next to 
 the youngest of a family of fifteen children who grew to maturity; 
 all are members of the Baptist Church except one, and two of the sons 
 are ministers. Henry B. passed his youth in Buchanan and Daviess 
 Counties, and to a great extent is self-educated. He possessed nat- 
 ural musical ability, and becoming proficient in that art, taught vocal 
 music some time in Daviess County. February 10, 1859, he was mar- 
 ried in Harrison County, Mo., to Martha E., daiighter of Abram Bui'- 
 ton, and a native of Gentry County, Mo. , born August 21, 1842. To 
 this union the following children have been born: Charles C, James 
 A., John F., Laura J., Lizzie, Lucy M. , Mattie, Lettie, Abram B. , 
 Israel, and Willie (who died at the age of seven months). Mr. and 
 Mrs. Christie and all their children, with the exception of the three 
 youngest, are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. After this 
 marriage Mr. Christie farmed in Daviess and Gentry Counties until 
 1876, when he came to Harrison County, and bought and located where 
 he now resides. He owns 175 acres of fenced land, 75 acres of which 
 are timbered, and the remainder devoted to meadow, pasture and plow 
 land. His buildings are good, and he has a fine bearing orchard of 
 about 200 trees of select varieties. He is a stanch Democrat, and 
 in 1883 was elected township trustee in which office he is serving his 
 third term. In 1886 he was nominated for county judge of his dis- 
 trict, and polled a vote ahead of his ticket. 
 
 Samuel A. Claytor was born in Bedford Covinty, Va. , November 
 14, 1827, and is a son of William P. and Martha (Robinson) Claytor, 
 also natives of Virginia. Both grandfathers, Samuel Claytor and 
 James Robinson, were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. The 
 grandparents of William P. Claytor died in Virginia. The family of 
 our subject' s father moved from Bedford to Tazewell County in 1835, 
 and William P. afterward moved to Smyth County, Va. , where he died 
 
< 
 
 508 HAEKISON COrSTY. 
 
 in 1887, aged eighty-five. Samuel A. grew to manhood upon the 
 farm in Tazewell County, and was married there July 3, 1851. to 
 Margaret J. Six, a native of the county, and daughter of "V^'illiam Six. 
 Mr. Claytor then farmed in Tazewell County until 1859, and in the 
 summer of that year came to Harrison County, where he at first 
 bought ninety-foui- acres of land, to which he has since added fi-om 
 time to time until he now owns 1,060 acres, about 275 being in the 
 home place, which is all fenced, and about 100 acres well timbered. 
 The remainder is in meadow, pasture and plow land. He has good 
 buildings, and his farm is in every way well equipped for the pursuit 
 of agriculture. Mr. Claytor has been a member of Miriam Lodge. No. 
 129, I. O. O. F., since early in 1865, and in politics is a member of 
 the Democratic party. To himself and wife six children have been 
 born: Nancy Ann, wife of Mark Smith; William N. ; James W. ; Mary 
 J., wife of William McCoy; John Edward and Robert S. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Claytor are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. 
 
 S. E. Cleveland was born in Rutland County, Vt., in 1822. His 
 parents were Eastern people, and of English descent. S. R. Cleveland 
 was a carpenter by trade, and worked at that business the gi'eater 
 part of his life until late years. Up to 1864 he resided in Illinois, 
 Ohio and California, and in that year came to Harrison County, Mo. 
 He was twice married: his first wife, Lucinda (Tubbsj Cleveland was 
 the mother of four children only one of whom is living, ^viz. : Annie 
 Morgan. After a. long illness Mrs. Cleveland died in October, 1879, 
 and Mr. Cleveland then married January 22, 1885, Mrs. Rebecca 
 Pierce, widow of Joseph Pierce, who was born March 11, 1811. He 
 was a blacksmith by trade. He died in HaiTisonville November 20, 
 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Pierce had five children : Theodosia, Joseph, 
 EfiBe, and Damsel T. and Bert (twins). Mrs. Cleveland's maiden name 
 was Rebecca J. Chambers. She was first united in marriage to Isaac 
 N. Bishop, a farmer, who died during the war at Macon, Ga., from 
 the effects of hardships endured after being taken prisoner at Shiloh. 
 To himself and wife two children were born, both now deceased. Mrs. 
 Cleveland was a member of the Baptist Church, to which Mr. Cleve- 
 land was united, and is a member of the W. C. T. U. She is the 
 owner of a farm of sixty acres, and lives in a handsome residence 
 beautifully situated outside of the Cainesville limits. 
 
 George W. Clinkenbeard is a son of Jonathan and Sarah (Smart) 
 Clinkenbeard, and was born October 24, 1817, in Bourbon County, 
 Ky. The father was born in Tennessee, and when a lad went to 
 Franklin County, Kv. , where he was married. In 1836 he moved 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 509 
 
 to Arkansas, where he died of a fever caused by overwork. He was 
 a farmer and stock dealer by occupation, a soldier in the Black Hawk 
 War and the War of 1812, and in politics was a Whig. After his 
 death the mother returned to Kentucky in 1837, and in 1839 settled 
 in Platte County, Mo. , with her children, coming to Harrison County 
 in 1855. She lived with the subject of this sketch until her death. 
 She was a member of the Christian Church, and the mother of four 
 sons and four daughters, of whom George W. is the eldest. He was 
 reared upon the farm, receiving a good education for those days, and 
 after the death of his father managed his business and cared for 
 the younger members of the family. In 1888 he wedded Elizabeth For- 
 man, a native of Kentucky, with whom he moved to Platte County, Mo. , 
 in 1 840, where she died five years later. In 1846 he married Susan C. 
 Rhea, who was born in White County, Tenn. , in 1828, and is the 
 mother of seven childi-en: Sebird M. , Oscar J., Otway L., Oliver B. , 
 Spartan E., Osborn H. and Linny P. B. Both Mi-, and Mrs. 
 Clinkenbeard are members of the Christian Church. In 1847 they 
 went to Mercer County, Mo., and in 1855 came to Harrison County, 
 and lived in Fox Creek Township until 1885. Since that time they 
 have made their home in Bethany Township. Mr. Clinkenbeard is 
 a Democrat in politics, and cast his first presidential vote for Henry 
 Clay. He served as a magistrate at a time when that ofiicial consti- 
 tuted the county court of Mercer County, filling the position in 1851 
 and 1852. In 1877 he was collector of Fox Creek Township. Mr. 
 Clinkenbeard is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He began life 
 a poor boy, but became a successful farmer, and the owner of 440 acres, 
 120 of which he still owns. He traces his ancestors back to Germany 
 and England upon the paternal and to Scotland and England upon 
 the maternal side. 
 
 Eli Cochran was born in Perry County, Ohio, October 8, 1823, and 
 is a son of James and Catherine (Reddinger) Cochran, natives of Penn- 
 sylvania and Maryland, and of Irish and German descent, respectively- 
 He was a farmer, and followed that occupation in Perry, Hocking and 
 Jackson Counties, Ohio. He lost his wife at the last-named place. 
 She was the mother of eight children, five of whom are living; one son 
 died in the army, a daughter in Illinois, and a son in Missouri. The 
 father then married Mrs. Mary Reynolds, who was the mother of 
 several children by each of her husbands. Mr. Cochran died in Jack- 
 son County, Ohio, and was biuied by the side of his first wife. She 
 was a New Light and he a Lutheran in religion. Eli Cochran was 
 reared by his parents in Ohio, and attended school but nine months dur- 
 
510 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 ing his youth. At twenty-two he began life for himself by farming upon 
 rented land for three years, and then spent a year prospecting in Illi- 
 nois, Iowa and Missouri. He helped build the third house erected in 
 Poplar BlufP, Mo. , and then worked eighteen months at iron works in 
 Lawrence County, Ohio. November 4, 1852, he married Miss Letitia J. 
 Stropes, a native of Jackson County, Ohio, and afterward bought a 
 farm in that county upon which he remained until 1867. He then 
 located in Harrison County, where he now lives. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cochran ten children have been born, four of whom are living. One 
 son, Ezekiel, at the age of fifteen, when swimming, was attacked with 
 cramps and drowned. The others died in infancy. Those living are 
 Leander D., married, in Harrison County; Mary E., wife of D. R. 
 Glaze, of Cainesville; Harvey E. and Alva W. Mr. Cochran is the 
 owner of 170 acres of good land, and is one of the useful and success- 
 ful men of the township. In politics he is a Democrat, as have been 
 his ancestors for generations. 
 
 B. C. Collins, nursery man and fruit grower, of Bethany, Mo. , is 
 a native of Clermont County, Ohio, born in 1824, and a son of Peter 
 and Rebecca (Stewart) Collins. The father was of English descent, 
 and was born in New Hampshire in 1795. When fifteen he accom- 
 panied his father, Benjamin Collins, to Clermont County, Ohio, where 
 he was married. In 1826 he moved to Hamilton County, and bought 
 eighty acres of land, which are now in the city of Cincinnati. Here 
 he died in 1864, having passed his entire life engaged in farming. 
 The mother was of Irish-German descent, born in Clermont County, 
 Ohio, in 1799, and died in 1880. She was the mother of twelve chil- 
 dren, of whom Benjamin is the third. He was but eighteen months 
 old when his parents moved to Hamilton County, and it was there that 
 he spent his boyhood days and grew to manhood. He attended com- 
 mon schools, and spent five months at Farmer's College. After be- 
 coming of age he followed the carpenter's trade two years, and in 
 1855 went to Anderson, Ind. , and established a nursery which was the 
 first one in the county seat. He engaged successfully in business in 
 that place for ten years, and in 1865 returned to his old home in Ohio, 
 where he resumed the nursery business in connection with farming. 
 In 1868 he removed to Springfield, Ohio, and raised fruits, vegetables, 
 etc., with fair success. In 1874 he came to Harrison County, and 
 located four and a half miles southeast of Bethany, within a half mile 
 of which place he has made his home since 1876. Since that time he 
 has been in the nm'sery business. January 31, 1865, Mr. Collins 
 married Mrs. Henrietta Bozarth, nee Miller, daughter of Daniel and 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 511 
 
 Elizabeth Miller. Mrs. Collins was born in Clark County, Ohio, in 
 1858, and she and her husband are members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church. In politics Mr. Collins is a Prohibitionist. 
 
 John K. Copeland is a native of Ohio, was born in Gallia County, 
 May 31, 1826, and is a son of Samuel and Rhoda (Kelly) Copeland, 
 natives of Ireland and Virginia respectively. At the age of nineteen 
 the father left his native land, and coming to the United States made 
 his home in Gallia County, Ohio, until his death at the age of 
 ninety. His wife also lived to that advanced age. Mr. Copeland was 
 a weaver by trade. Both Mr. and Mrs. Copeland had been previously 
 married, and to their union two sons and two daughters were born, 
 all of whom grew to maturity. The daughters are now deceased, and 
 the sons are residents of Phillips County, Kas. J. K. Copeland grew 
 to manhood in his native county, and in March, 1845, married Miss 
 Catherine Branderberry, also a native of the county. In 1850 they 
 moved to Vermillion County, III., where Mrs. Copeland died Septem- 
 ber 18, 1853. In 1855 Mr. Copeland came to Missouri, and bought 
 the land upon which he now resides and upon which he moved in the 
 fall of 1865. This farm contains 400 acres of finely improved and 
 cultivated land, upon which Mr. Copeland has erected a large two- 
 story residence and good outbuildings. In March, 1857, while in 
 Vermillion County, Mr. Copeland was united in marriage with Sarah 
 Jane Barker, sister of T. J. Barker [see sketch], and to this union ten 
 children have been born: Laura (wife of Dr. H. M. Eades, of New 
 Hampton), Emma (wife of A. G. Rogers, of Kansas), Fannie (a music 
 teacher), David, Maggie, Oscar, Bun-, Cube, Bey, and Maude, who 
 died March, 1887, aged sixteen. By his first marriage there were two 
 children: Nancy (deceased wife of John Robertson), and Mary Jane 
 (wife of M. Lewis). Mi-. Copeland is a member of the higher order 
 of Odd Fellowship, and himself and wife have been identified with 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church over thirty years. 
 
 James H. Cover, editor and proprietor of the Bethany Broad Ax, 
 was born in Clermont County, Ohio, December, 10, 1837, and is a 
 son of Daniel and Hannah (Smith) Cover, natives of Maryland and 
 Ohio respectively. The father immigrated to Pike County, II]., in 
 1853, with his family, and there resided iintil the death of the mother, 
 May 6, 1887. James H. made his home with his parents upon the 
 farm, and, having secured a good English education, taught school 
 for a number of terms in his youth. In 1880 he came to Missouri, and 
 after farming two and a half years in Chariton County removed to 
 Albany, Mo., where he embarked upon the journalistic sea and sue- 
 
■512 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 cessfully conducted The Ledger, a newspaper of that place, until Janu- 
 ary, 1884. He then came to Bethany and bought the Broad Ax, 
 which is the only Democratic paper in the county, and has a large 
 circulation. November 22, 1860, he was united in marriage with 
 Margaret F. Pine, who was born in Pike County, 111. This union 
 has been blessed with four children: Alvin, Annette, James Wilbert 
 and Charles L. ; the eldest died when one year old. Mr. Cover is a 
 Select Knight of the A. O. U. W. , and himself and wife are members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and well respected citizens of 
 the community in which they reside. 
 
 J. T. Crawley was born in Barren County, Ky. , May 22, 1843, and 
 is a son of William and Mary (Stallsworth) Crawley, natives of Ten- 
 nessee and Kentucky, and of English descent. The father was a farmer, 
 and married in Kentucky, where he lived until 1855. In 1848 he 
 lost his wife, by whom he had three children, viz. : Mary J., wife of 
 Jesse Stallsworth, of Sherman County, Kas. ; Sarah F., wife of Will- 
 iam Stallsworth, of Siskiyou County, Cal., and J. T. Crawley. Mr. 
 Crawley afterward married Mrs. Baker, who had been maiTied twice, 
 and by her fii'st husband had six childi'en. By Mr. Crawley she had 
 two, only one of whom siu'vives — Samuel Crawley. Mr. Crawley im- 
 migrated to Harrison County, Mo., in 1855, and located near his 
 Bon's present residence. He was a Democrat, and a Union man, and 
 ■during the Kebellion served about a year in the Missouri State Militia. 
 J. T. Crawley passed his boyhood in Kentucky, and at the age of 
 •eleven years accompanied his father to Han-ison County, Mo., where 
 he now owns 200 acres of good land, and is a well respected citizen. 
 At the age of twenty he married Miss Mary Stallsworth, who was a 
 member of the Christian Church, and with whom he lived happily 
 aboiTt twenty years. She was the mother of seven children, five of 
 whom are living: Lou Ann, wife of James Drurg; Oliver B., Delia 
 M., John B. and Mary, all of whom live at home. Mr. Crawley 
 remained a widower about two years, and then wedded Miss Nancy 
 Bain, of Siskiyou County, Cal. , who has been his wife since Decem- 
 ber 31, 1886. Mr. Crawley is a Kepubliean in j)olitics, and his 
 grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. 
 
 David Crickett is a native of Muskingum County, Ohio, and was 
 born December 24, 1839. His parents, Thomas and Harriet (Carter) 
 Crickett, were natives of Washington County, Penn. , and Muskingum 
 County, Ohio, respectively. The father spent his life engaged in 
 farming, and when a young man immigrated to Ohio, where he was 
 married and passed his life. He was for many years a member of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 513 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics was a Democrat. He 
 was twice married; his iirst wife bore him three children, all of whom 
 
 are living: James M., Emily C. Thompson (widow) and . 
 
 His second wife was Margaret (Mickmahan) Crickett, who bore him 
 seven children, all deceased save one — Jemima, wife of A. W. Penny, 
 of Kansas City. David Crickett, the subject of this sketch, was 
 reared under the paternal roof, and at the age of eighteen began to 
 care for himself, and also reared and educated the younger children 
 of the family. At the age of thirty-two he wedded Miss Sarah E. 
 Smith, a native of Iowa, by whom three children were born: Alma 
 E., Charles C. and Benjamin D. Mrs. Crickett died in 1878, and 
 two years later he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Bunney, 
 a native of Illinois, by whom he also has three children: Norma, 
 Maggie and Dale. Mr. Crickett is a Democrat in politics, and during 
 the Eebellion served fifteen months in Company D, Eighty-second 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under Capt. J. S. Riggs, Col. Cantwell's 
 command, during which time he was in the battles at McDowell, Port 
 Kepublic and Monazus. At the latter battle he was wounded in the 
 knee, but continued to serve iintil February, 1863. He now receives 
 a pension of $10 per month. In 1870 he came to Missouri, and has 
 since resided in this State. He now owns 160 acres of good land in 
 Clay Township, Harrison County, and is a successful farmer. Him- 
 self and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which 
 faith his first wife died. 
 
 Calvin Crows was born in North Carolina in June, 1830, and is a 
 son of Martin and Susan (Wagoner) Crows, natives of North Carolina, 
 and of German descent. The parents emigrated from North Carolina 
 to Clay County, Ind. , from which place the father hauled goods to 
 Louisville for a livelihood, although he had previously worked at Louis- 
 ville, carrying stone for the first road paved leading from the Ohio 
 River to Bear Grass Creek. He continued to live in Clay County 
 until his children were reared and married, and then, as the greater 
 number of them had gone to Illinois, he immigrated with his wife to 
 Jasper County of that State, where they both died in a few years. 
 Mr. Crows was a Whig dui-ing the days of that party, and afterward 
 became a Republican. He was a strong Union man, and sent nine sons 
 to fight for the suppression of the Eebellion; the tenth son, Andi-ew, 
 was chosen to remain at home and care for the families of those who 
 went to the fi-ont. They served dui'ing nearly the entire war as fol- 
 lows: Winston in Company I, Twenty-ninth Iowa; William, Benja- 
 min, Harrison and Frederick in Company A, Forty-third Indiana; 
 
514 HABRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Calvin and Eli, in Company F, Forty-sixth Illinois; Henry, Seventy- 
 first Indiana, and Stephen, in Company H, First Iowa Cavalry; 
 William died at Helena; Winston and William were also soldiers in 
 the Mexican War; Harrison was a Confederate prisoner nine months, 
 and Henry died at Libby prison; Stephen served three years, and left 
 the army much disabled; Calvin was wounded in his face and lost the 
 sight of one eye. He was reared in Indiana and at the age of twenty- 
 one began life there as an independent farmer, first, however, renting 
 land for two years. In 1853 he went to Jasper County, HI., and 
 fi'om there to Richland, HI. , where he married Miss Christine Green- 
 wood, a native of Washington County, Ind. , and daughter of Henry 
 Greenwood. He served in the war from January 1, 1862, until June 
 of that year under Col. John A. Davis, and engaged in but two battles 
 — Fort Donelson and ShUoh. The wound received at the last named 
 battle is still open, and was the reason of his discharge. He then 
 returned to his family, and in 1853 went to Mercer County, Mo. Two 
 years later he came to Harrison County, where after many adversities 
 he has become one of the leading and well-to-do farmer citizens. He 
 lost some of his property by not having investigated the titles to land 
 he pui'chased, but now owns about 300 acres well stocked and im- 
 proved. He draws a pension of S24 per month, and is a member of the 
 G. A. R. He has eleven children: HemyW., Martin, Fred, Gen- 
 eral, MaryM., Minnie M., William S., John G., Charles, Orvil and 
 Harvey. He serves his township as school director and road overseer. 
 James R. Cunningham, judge of the Harrison County Probate 
 Court, was bom in McMinn County, Tenn., March 11, 1834, and is 
 a son of Marshall N. and Sarah (Smith) Cunningham, natives of 
 Blount County, Tenn. , and Albemarle County, Va., respectively. The 
 father immigrated to Missouri in 1852, and located in Gentry 
 County, where both parents died. They had six children : James 
 R., Moses, Charles M., Robert A. (deceased), Richard S. and 
 George W. James R. was reared to manhood upon a farm, and after 
 coming to Missouri with his father was employed as a clerk in the mer- 
 cantile business at Albany thi-ee years He afterward served as deputy 
 county and circuit clerk, and in 1868 was elected county court clerk 
 for one term of four years. He served as provost-marshal at Albany 
 during the wai-, and in 1864 engaged in the mercantile business there, 
 in which he continued until 1872. From 1869 to 1871 he filled the 
 office of postmaster with satisfaction. He then removed to his farm 
 in Gentry County, and fi-om there in 1875 came to Bethany, where 
 he served a while as deputy county clerk, deputy sheriff, and was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 515 
 
 employed some time in the treasury oiBce. In 1880 he was elected 
 probate judge, a position which he has since ably filled by re-election. 
 He has been a stanch Republican during and since the war, and as 
 such has been elected to his various offices. He is a member of the 
 I. O. O. F. encampment. May 9, 1867, he married Virginia A. 
 McConkey, a native of Gentry County, Mo., by *hom he has four 
 children; Mary, Sarah, Loura E. and Arthur E. The Judge and his 
 worthy wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and highly 
 esteemed among Bethany's popular citizens. 
 
 Nelson Church was born in Springville, Erie Co. , N. Y. , Septem- 
 ber 17, 1836. His father was a native of Connecticut, and his mother 
 of Vermont, and they were married in Erie County in 1835. The 
 father was of Scotch -Irish descent, and the mother, Franco-English. 
 The family resided in Erie County until 1850, when they immigrated 
 to Jefferson County, Wis., then supposed to be in the far west. The 
 children — four in number, one son and three daughters — were edu- 
 cated in the public schools and academies of Wisconsin, married, and 
 scattered over the west in the usual way. The family are all now 
 living except the father and eldest daughter, who are buried in Wis- 
 consin. In the summer of 1859 the subject of this sketch was mar- 
 ried to Felicie H. Hale, of Belvidere, 111. , where he resided until the 
 War of the Rebellion was furiously raging, when, obeying the Presi- 
 dent's call for " 800,000 more," in December, 1861, he enlisted in 
 Company F, Thirteenth Regiment Illinois Cavalry, experienced three 
 years of hard service, and was discharged January 1, 1865. After 
 the war he resided in Wisconsin and Illinois, but in consequence of 
 disease contracted in the army was unable to engage in any l:)usiness 
 until the autumn of 1868, when he removed from Illinois to Harrison 
 County, Mo., and commenced life anew by teaching school and 
 farming. In 1872 Mr. Church was elected county superintendent 
 of public schools for Harrison County, and held the ofiSce until it 
 was abolished by act of the Legislature and changed to the ofi&ce of 
 county commissioner. He served in that capacity until April, 1875. 
 He had purchased land near Mount Moriah, in the Grand River 
 valley, and resided there until the summer of 1875, when, on 
 account of bad health, he removed with his family to Mitchell 
 County, Kas. , where he remained nearly two years, and returned 
 home; and again in 1880, for the same reason, he immigrated to the 
 State of Mississippi, and resided on the Gulf coast until the fall 
 of 1881, when he again returned to Mount Moriah and engaged in 
 the hardware and harness trade. At the general election in 1886, 
 
51(3 HAREISON COUNTY. 
 
 he was elected representative for Harrison County in the thirty-foui-th 
 General Assembly, his term of office expiring in November, 1888. 
 In September, 1887, in connection with a joint stock association, he 
 purchased an interest in and became managing editor of the Bethany 
 Republican, and is now conducting the paper. He has but one son, 
 and he is of age, and now one of the prominent school teachers of 
 Harrison County. Recently Mr. Church has removed from Mount 
 Moriah to Bethany, where he now resides. 
 
 Joseph A. Cushman was born in Henry County, Iowa, December, 
 8, 1852, and is a son of Andrew R. and Eliza G. (Walker) Cushman, 
 natives of Canada and England, respectively. He came to Missouri 
 with his parents in the fall of 1859, and was reared to manhood in 
 Scotland County, where he learned the wagon- maker's trade, after 
 which he engaged in the business upon his own account at Memphis, 
 Mo., from 1875 until the spring of 1887. In June of that year he 
 came to Bethany and leased the ' ' Pitt ' ' shops which he has since 
 successfully conducted. He manufactures and handles farm and 
 spring wagons, buggies, can-iages, etc. , and also has a general black- 
 smith and repair shop, and is meeting with good and well-deserved 
 success. November 1, 1885, Mr. Cushman married Caroline P. 
 Gates, a native of Scotland County, Mo. , and the mother of one son, 
 Aubrey R. Mr. Cushman is a Republican, and one of the reliable 
 and respected business men of Bethany. Himself and wife belong to 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Pleasant Daniel, a farmer and stock raiser of Section 11, Township 
 62, Range 29, was born in Green County, Ky., June 8, 1823, and is 
 a son of Thomas and Chloe (Shofner) Daniel, natives of West Virginia 
 and Kentucky, respectively. The family moved from Kentucky to 
 Morgan County, III., in an early day, and there resided until the 
 spring of 1840, when they settled in what is now Butler Township, 
 Harrison Co., Mo. There the father lived upon land he had entered 
 and improved, until his death March 31, 1868. His wife's death 
 occurred November 10, 1884. Pleasant Daniel is the eldest of a fam- 
 ily of live sons and five daughters, all living, and six of them residents 
 of Harrison County. Our subject came with his parents to this 
 county, and September 28, 1848, was mamed, in Daviess County, to 
 Lucilla, daughter of Samuel Bennet, and a native of Kentucky. After 
 his marriage he located upon 160 acres of land he had entered, upon 
 which he built a house and improved a farm. He has since bought 
 and sold land, so that he now owns about the original amount, 
 which is well cultivated and improved. Mr. Daniels has been 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 517 
 
 twice married. By his first marriage one child, Chloe, wife of Will- 
 iam Lowe, of Nebraska, was born, and to his second the following 
 children: Pamela (wife of Hudson Lowe, of Gentry County), Thomas 
 S. (of Colorado), Alexander C, Lucy Ann (deceased wife of R. M. 
 Duncan, who died January 15, 1887, aged thirty-one), Margaret E. 
 (wife of Byron W. Knight, of Daviess County), James H. , Rebecca 
 E. (wife of James Flint, of Dakota), and Ida A. (wife of William W. 
 Salmon). Previous to the war Mr. Daniel was a Democrat, but is now 
 a stanch Republican, and has served his township as justice of the 
 peace for six years. He has also held several other local ofSces of 
 trust and honor, and once served two terms as registrar. Mr. Daniel 
 relates as an incident of his pioneer life in Missouri, that as there was 
 no mill near, he hauled a large load of wheat 150 miles with an ox 
 team, which his family ground in an old-fashioned cofPee-mill. About 
 150 bushels were ground in this way, and the corn meal was made 
 with an iron wedge and mortar. 
 
 Joseph De Golia, a native of Steuben County, N. Y., was born in 
 1828, and is a great-grandson of Joseph De Golia, who came to Canada 
 as a French soldier, and afterward immigrated to New York colony, 
 where he mamed, lived and died; a grandson of James De Golia, a 
 Revolutionary soldier and pensioner, and a son of John and Hannah 
 De Golia, who were natives of New York, the former born March 2, 
 1785, and the latter June 16, 1788, and were man-ied February 21, 
 1805, the father's death occurring in 1832. Joseph received an aca- 
 demic school education, and when about eighteen spent three years as 
 a clerk. In 1850 he went to California, engaged in mining and mer- 
 chandising, and while there, in 1861, enlisted in Company C, Fifth Cal- 
 ifornia Infantry, and after three years' service in Texas and the Terri- 
 tories, was discharged in December, 1864, in New Mexico, but re-en- 
 listed and was finally discharged in September, 1866, at Santa Fe, N. 
 M . In that year he went to Harrison County, Mo. , where he was 
 married in 1867 to Miss Sarah, daughter of Ezekiel and Minerva 
 (Cook) Haines, residents of Daviess County, Mo. , though Mrs. De 
 Golia was born in Montgomery County, Ind. This union has resulted 
 in four children: Judson V., Mondora Alice (deceased), Georgiana 
 and Fanny Ellen. Politically he was formerly a Republican, casting 
 his first vote for Gen. Scott, but now belongs to the Union Labor 
 party. He and wife are members of the Grange, Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, of the Missionary Baptist Church, and he of the G. A. R. By 
 his perseverance and good management he has acquired a beautiful, 
 well-improved farm near Bancroft, where he resides. Always an 
 
518 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 ardent worker in educational enterprises, and for the welfare of the 
 public, he enjoys the esteem of a large circle of fi-iends. 
 
 James L. Downing, M. D., a resident physician of Eagleville, 
 Harrison Co., Mo., was born at Burgettstown, Washington Co., 
 Penn., October 14, 1833. His parents, Edward E., and Sarah (Lynn) 
 Downing, were of Irish and Scotch descent. The father was born in 
 Ireland in 1785, and when five years of age came with an uncle to 
 America, and passed his youth in Downingtown, Penn. , and Boston, 
 Mass. The mother was born in Washington County, Penn., in 1797, 
 whither her parents had come from Scotland. She was married to 
 Edward E. Downing in her native county, and in 1835 they immigrated 
 to Holmes County, Ohio. In the spring of 1853, they went to Ben- 
 ton County, Iowa, and a year later removed to Marshall County, 
 where jVIrs. Downing died in 1855, aged fifty-eight. The father was 
 a Whig in politics, and by trade a carpenter and painter. After the 
 death of his wife he visited several Western States, and was not heard 
 from until 1861, when news arrived from St Louis. James L. 
 Downing received a district school education during his youth, which 
 he has since improved by reading and observation. He also learned 
 his father's trade which he followed in Ohio and Iowa until 1858. 
 In the fall of 1853 he married Miss Mary A. Burd, a native of Holmes 
 County, Ohio, and daughter of George and Mary M. Burd. He came 
 to Harrison County, Mo. ,in 1859, and having been admitted to the bar 
 brought his family here in the spring of 1860. He qualified himself 
 for the practice of law in Marshall County, Iowa, where he studied 
 under Hon. T. J. Wilson, and continued to practice his profession in 
 Eagleville untU 1864. In 1864, having previously studied medicine 
 at Eagleville under Dr. H. J. Skinner, he abandoned law for the 
 practice of medicine, and has since lived in and near Eagleville, 
 where he enjoys a large and lucrative practice. To himself and wife 
 three sons and seven daughters have been born, two sons and five 
 daughters now living. 
 
 AA'illiam M. Dunn, of Bethany, was born in Washington County, 
 Va. , and is a son of John and Mary (McCulloch) Dunn, both natives 
 of Virginia, where the father died and the mother still resides. 
 William was reared to manhood in his native State, and there secured 
 a good English education. He embarked in the mercantile business 
 early in life, and has followed it ever since. He came to Bethany in 
 March, 1866, where he has continued to remain in business, meeting 
 with good and well deserved success. He was married April 7. 1870, 
 to Desdemona Monson, daughter of Thomas Monson, of Bethany, who 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 519 
 
 died February 13, 1874, leaving one son — William Victor. Mr. 
 Dunn is a Democrat in politics, and one of the substantial and enter- 
 prising business men of Bethany. Robert H. Dunn, a brother of 
 William M., and his business partner, was also born in Washington 
 County, Va. He was reared and educated there, and in 1869 came 
 to Bethany, where since 1874 he has been in business with his 
 brother, the firm name being Dunn Bros. & Co. June 11, 1873, 
 he was united in marriage with Clara Blackburn, a native of Bethany, 
 and daughter of Dr. C. J. Blackburn. Mr. and Mrs. Dunn have two 
 children: Helen E. and Horace W. He is also a Democrat in politics, 
 and an enterprising man. The firm consists of the Dunn Bros. & 
 W. F. Cuddy, and carries on an extensive general mercantile business. 
 About 1868 W. M. Dunn bought the interest of Thomas Monson, of 
 the firm of Monson & McGeorge, and until 1874 the tirm was known 
 as McGeorge & Dunn. The former was then succeeded by R. H. 
 Dunn, and in 1878 Mi-. Cuddy became a member of the firm. The 
 building which is a three-story brick is owned by William M. Dunn. 
 Mr. William F. Cuddy was born in Washington County, Va., in 
 March, 1854, and is a son of David and Mary (Dunn) Cuddy, natives 
 of that State. William was reared and educated in Virginia, and 
 came to Bethany in 1875, where he first was employed as a clerk, but 
 afterward became a member of the above firm. In March, 1887, he 
 married Jean Morrison, a native of Osceola, Iowa. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 T. A. Dunn is a son of Philip and Lucinda J. (Patterson) Dunn, 
 natives of Kentucky and Virginia, respectively, and was born in La 
 Rue County, Ky. , February 14, 1853. The father is now a well-to-do 
 farmer and stock raiser of La Rue County, where T. A. was reared to 
 manhood and received a good common-school education. He came to 
 Missouri in 1871, and engaged in the mercantile business at Meadville 
 until 1881, when he came to Bethany and established his present gi-o- 
 cery business. In 1882 he moved into his present commodious quar- 
 ters in the Athenteum Building, which is erected upon the southeast 
 corner of the public square. Here Mr. Dunn carries one of the larg- 
 est and best selected stocks of staple and fancy groceries, flour, provis- 
 ions, queensware, etc., in the city. October 21, 1874, he married 
 Miss Grace LaRue, a native of the county of that name in Kentucky, 
 and a member of the Baptist Church, as is also Mr. Dunn. Mr. Dunn 
 is a Democrat, and a Knights Templar Mason. He is one of the enter- 
 prising business men of the town, and has been the American Express 
 agent of this place since June, 1883. 
 
520 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Edwin K. Durham was born in Canton, Fulton Co., 111., August 
 1, 1853, and is a son of Jonathan Martin and Mary A. (Brown) Dur- 
 ham, natives of New Jersey and Virginia, respectively. The father 
 was a resident of Illinois many years, and during the Rebellion fought 
 in the Union army. His death occurred at the hospital of Bowling 
 Green, Ky. , February 15, 1862. The mother afterward became the 
 wife of Theodore A. Smith, now a resident of Grant Township, Harri- 
 son Co. , Mo. [See sketch.] Edwin R. came to this State and county 
 in company with his mother and family in 1866, and until 1871 resided 
 here upon a farm. He then returned to Illinois, but in 1875 came to 
 Bethany, and for three years served as deputy postmaster. In 1880 he 
 accepted a ^wsition in the collector's office, and later became deputy 
 assessor. For the past five years he has been the efficient deputy of 
 Col. W. P. Robinson, the county clerk. In politics he is a stanch Re- 
 publican. He has been the captain of Lieut. J. B. McClure' s Camp of 
 the Sons of Veterans since its organization at Bethany, and is also quar- 
 termaster of the division of Missouri of this order. February 14, 1877, 
 he was united in marriage with Lottie McClure, a native of Grundy 
 County, Mo., and daughter of the late Joseph McChu-e, of Bethany. 
 This union has been blessed with two children: Grace and Bertie Vir- 
 ginia. Ml', and Mrs. Durham are members of the Christian Church. 
 
 W. H. Eades, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Jefferson 
 Township, was born in 1830, in Boiu'bon County, Ky. , and at the age 
 of four years was taken to Morgan County, 111. , where he was reared. 
 In 1856 he moved to Harrison County, Mo. He began life for him- 
 self at the age of fifteen a poor young man, but by the exercise of 
 prudence and economy, together with good management, has become a 
 successful man, and is now the owner of 290 acres of fine land, well 
 improved and equipped for agricultural pursuits. At one time he was 
 a very extensive dealer and shipper in stock. He was united in mar- 
 riage, in 1856, to Miss Lucy Calef, a native of Concord, N. H. This 
 union was blessed with fivechildi-en: Laura (wife of Mr. W. P. Robin- 
 son), Marion (deceased), Horatio, Lellah (deceased) and Ora, also 
 deceased. Dr. Eades is a Republican in politics, and has served his 
 township four years as justice of the peace. During the Rebellion he 
 served his country in Company D, Fifty-seventh Missouri State Mili- 
 tia Cavalry, and was the lieutenant of his company during the entire 
 war. He organized the first company of Home Guards raised in Har- 
 rison County. He is the tenth of eleven children born to Horatio and 
 Margaret (Mosterson) Eades, natives of Bourbon County, Ky., near 
 Paris. The father served through two campaigns in the War of 1812, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 521 
 
 and was a son of Thomas Eades. Our subject entered the land in 
 Jefferson Township upon which he now resides in 1855, and moved 
 upon the same the next year. 
 
 Winifield S. Eades was born in Rockcastle County. Ky. , August 3, 
 1848, and is a son of William Eades, a prominent farmer citizen of 
 Jefferson Township, Mo. [see sketch]. He came to Harrison County 
 with his father in 1857, and was reared to manhood here upon a farm. 
 In 1875 he came to Bethany, and for awhile engaged in wagon-making, 
 conducting a shop of his own about a year, and then was employed 
 by J. F. Pitt, a carriage-builder and wagon-maker, a number of years. 
 In January, 1884, he established his present business, and is now the 
 owner of the building which he occupies, which is situated two blocks 
 east of the northeast corner of the public square. Here he is occupied 
 in the manufacture and sale of buggies and carriages, and also has a 
 general repair and blacksmith shop. In 1881 Mr. Eades was united in 
 marriage with Sarah E. (Buck) Roberts, a native of Bethany, and the 
 mother of one son — William D. Mr. Eades had been previously mar- 
 ried, and of that union there is also one son — Charles O. Mr. Eades is 
 a Democrat in politics, and is a Select Knight of the A. O. U. W. 
 Himself and wife belong to the Christian Church, and rank among the 
 good citizens of Bethany. 
 
 Moses H. Eades, the subject of this sketch, was born in Rock- 
 castle County, Ky., April 3, 1851. His parents, William and Mary L. 
 Eades, were also natives of Kentucky. The family moved to Hen- 
 dricks County, Ind. , in the autumn of 1853, where they resided until 
 the fall of 1857, at which time they came to Harrison County, Mo. 
 In the spring of 1868, William Eades purchased a partly improved 
 farm six miles north of Bethany, on which he still resides. William 
 Eades was married in 1843 to Mary L. Hudnall, by whom he had 
 twelve children, Moses H., being the sixth child. The father was 
 twice married, his first wife having died in 1863. Moses H. was 
 reared and received a common-school education in Harrison County, 
 after which he attended the Bethany high school. For several years 
 he engaged in teaching in the public schools of Harrison County. In 
 the spring of 1874 he began the study of medicine under Dr. J. 
 Walker, of Bethany, and in the winter of 1875-76 he attended his 
 first lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich. From the spring of 1876 till the 
 fall of 1877 he practiced his profession at New Hampton, when he 
 went to Mount Moriah, where he again engaged in the practice of 
 medicine. 
 
 Judge Edward L. Ellis, a pioneer farmer of Adams Township, 
 
 33 
 
522 HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 was born in Bourbon County, Ky. , May 28, 1813, and is the son of 
 Elder Samuel and Jane (Todd) Ellis, the former of Virginia, but who 
 when a youth accompanied his parents to Boiu-bon County, Ky. , where 
 he married Miss Todd, a native of that State, and in 1836 removed to 
 Decatur County, Ind. , thence in 1857 to Harrison County, Mo., 
 locating in Cypress Township, where he died in 1866, universally 
 beloved and esteemed. For several years Elder S. was associate 
 judge of the circuit court in Indiana, and was one of the pioneer 
 preachers of Kentucky, having entered the ministry when quite young, 
 following his profession under the order of the Christian Church, 
 until the time of his death. His wife was for many years a devout 
 member of the same church, and died at the home of her son, Edward, 
 in 1873. The Judge was reared at home, without school advantages, 
 but through his own efforts obtained a good education, and has taught 
 school at different times in Indiana, Kentucky and Missouri. In 
 1838 he went to Decatur, Ind. , where he married in January, 1841, 
 Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Nancy Ford, early settlers in 
 Indiana, who immigrated to Missouri in 1841. This union has resulted 
 in eight childi'eii, seven of whom are now living: Robert S., of 
 Kansas; Nancy J., wife of Joseph Bonser, of Bethany; Irene B. , 
 wife of G. C. Harboard, of Daviess County; John J. ; Amanda M., 
 widow of James Mithhem; Cassandra M. , wife of F. P. Marsteller, 
 of Kansas, and Mary E. , wife of John E. Ford. Mrs. Ellis died in Au- 
 gust, 1860, and the following Januaiy, the Judge married Mrs. Elizabeth 
 J. Brady, daughter of Abraham and Mary Myers. This union has 
 been blessed with three children, but one of whom is living — Henry 
 Kesler. In October, 1841, ISIi. Ellis went to Daviess County, Mo., 
 and in 1843 he moved to Harrison County, Mo. , and settled on his 
 present farm, five and one-half miles southwest of Blue Ridge, where 
 he has since resided. In 1850 he was elected county judge, which 
 office he filled about twelve years, by appointment and election. Dur- 
 ing the war he was secretary of the Union League, and since then has 
 served as justice of the peace, township clerk, assessor, and district 
 clerk. In politics he was raised a Whig, casting his fii'st vote for 
 Gen. Harrison in 1836, but in 1860 voted for Douglas, the first Demo- 
 cratic candidate for whom he ever cast his ballot. He has for many 
 years been a prominent member of the P. of H. Both the Judge and 
 his wife are members of the Christian Church. By his industry and 
 persistent efforts he now owns a fine farm of 290 acres, 250 of which 
 are improved, and 40 in timber, and for his zealous work in the interest 
 of educational and other undertakings, is greatly esteemed by all. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 523 
 
 Jesse B. Emerson was born October 22, 1828, in Guernsey County, 
 Ohio, and when thirteen moved with his parents to Morgan County, 
 Ohio, where he lived until the spring of 1864, when he pui'chased 
 and moved iipon the farm in Harrison County, Mo. , where he has 
 since resided. Having been reared upon a farm, he has since followed 
 that occupation, and at the age of twenty-two began life with 100 
 acres of land, to which he has added until he is now the possessor of 
 800 acres in his home place, and 320 acres in another tract. He was 
 married in 1850 to Miss Jane E. Lamb, a native of Massachusetts, 
 who moved to Morgan County, Ohio, at the age of nine with her 
 parents, where she was reared to womanhood. She is a daughter of 
 Alvin and Lucy (Brown) Lamb, natives of Massachusetts, and is the 
 mother of the following named children: Wilson (deceased), Carlton 
 B. , Edgar E., Alma L. and Grant. Mr. Emerson is a Republican in 
 politics, and his first presidential vote was cast for John C. Fremont. 
 He is the eldest child of five born to Ezekiel and Rebecca (Blackmer) 
 Emerson. His maternal grandparents, Timothy and Jane (Sampson) 
 Blackmer, were natives of Massachusetts, who moved to Vermont, and 
 from there in an early day to Ohio, upon the Muskingum River, where 
 they died upon the second farm purchased by them, and which is now 
 owned by then' youngest son. The paternal grandparents, Ezekiel 
 and Jane (Burlingame) Emerson, were natives of Rhode Island, and 
 the former was siiperintendent in the second cotton factory erected in 
 the United States, which was built at Slatersville, R. I. He com- 
 manded a regiment in the War of 1812, and a sword which he cap- 
 tured from an English 'officer at the battle of Bunker Hill is now in the 
 possession of Henry Emerson, a brother of om- subject. He served 
 as justice of the peace eighteen years continuously. The Emerson 
 family is of English descent, three brothers having emigrated from 
 England to the United States about 1787. 
 
 James S. Emerson, proprietor of the Hotel Emerson at Bethany, 
 is a native of County Fermanagh, Ireland, born February 28, 1858, 
 where he was reared and educated. In the fall of 1884 he came to 
 the United States, and located first at Ellsworth, Kas., where he suc- 
 cessfully engaged in the hotel, real estate and mercantile business. 
 In October, 1887, he came to Bethany, and purchased the Poynter 
 hotel property, which he refurnished and refitted, and has since suc- 
 cessfully conducted. As it is a first-class hotel he controls the leading 
 patronage of the traveling public, whose wants he always strives to 
 supply. He has also established a real estate, loan and insurance 
 business in Bethany, and being himself the owner of large and valu- 
 
524 HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 able ranches in Kansas and the West, devotes a great deal of atten- 
 tion to the real estate branch of the business. May 26, 1886, he mar- 
 ried Jennie Wilson, a native of County Armagh, by whom he has one 
 child named John Edgar. Mr. Emerson is a Eepublican in politics, 
 and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. 
 
 E. D. Emiy was born in Marion County, November 26, 1849, and 
 is a son of Christopher and Sarah (Hanna) Emry, who are of German 
 descent, and natives of near Columbus, Ohio, and Marion County, Ind., 
 respectively. They came to Harrison County, Mo., in 1855, and 
 located in Madison Township, where our subject made his home with 
 them until twenty-two years of age, with the exception of sixteen months 
 spent in his native county. He was united in marriage in Harrison 
 County, Mo., in 1872, with Miss Mary Emma Myers, a native of this 
 county, and has since been engaged in farming. He rented land for some 
 time, and in 1877 moved upon his present place, which contains 145 
 acres of well-stocked and improved land, which is all the result of 
 industry and economy. Mr. Emry is an enterprising and well 
 respected man, and has served his township as school director for 
 about seven years. To himself and wife three children have been 
 born : Parvin F. , Christopher and Frederick B. , aged f oui'teen, ten 
 and five years, respectively. 
 
 Joel J. Fair, a farmer, stock raiser and mechanic of Adams 
 Township, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, in 1835, and is the son 
 of Jacob and Eva (Deal) Fair. The former, of Dutch origin, was born 
 near Baltimore, Md., moved thence to Cumberland County, Penn. , 
 thence to Holmes County, Ohio, where he followed the occupation of 
 farming, and died about the last of the late war. The mother was 
 born in Pennsylvania, and died about 1843. Joel J. remained at 
 home till the age of thirteen, when he learned the cabinet trade, and 
 has followed it more or less ever since. In 1854 he went to Sovith 
 Bend, Ind. , the next year going on to Harrison County, where he entered 
 land in Adams Township, and has since resided there, at present liv- 
 ing three miles east of Blue Ridge. He was married in 1857 to Miss 
 Sarah, daughter of Isaac and Rebecca Brown, formerly of North 
 Carolina, though Sarah was born in Indiana. Their union has been 
 blessed with nine children, eight of whom are living: Dr. Jesse F., of 
 Kansas; Deal E., professor of penmanship; Sarah J., wife of Henry 
 Alden, of Iowa; Chas. S., a farmer and licensed minister of the Chris- 
 tian Union Church; Joel Ulysses, Cora A., Clarence Eugene and Anna 
 Belle. He served as corporal during the Rebellion, and was also justice 
 of the peace about twelve years. In politics he was a Republican, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 525 
 
 a member of the I. O. O. F. Both he and his wife are members of 
 the Christian Union Church. Starting in life as a poor boy, Mr. Fair 
 has by industry and perseverance worked his way up, until he now 
 owns a fine farm of 400 acres of land, and is in every sense of the 
 word a representative citizen of Harrison County. 
 
 Joseph A. R. Fanning is a native of Missouri, and was born in 
 Platte County, January 6, 1846. His father, John Fanning, was born 
 in Kentucky, January 1, 1809, and his mother, Sarah J. (Shuck) 
 Fanning, was born in Washington County, Ky., December 17, 1819. 
 The family were among the early settlers of Ralls County, Mo., and 
 from there moved to Platte County, in 1840, being also early settlers 
 of that county. In the spring of 1846 they came to Harrison County, 
 where the father entered land, and improved a farm in Butler Town- 
 ship, where he died in 1856, leaving a widow who still sm-vives. J. 
 A. E. passed his youth near his present location, and in February, 
 1862, enlisted for three years in the First Missouri State Militia, and 
 served until discharged December 2, 1862. He served in several skir- 
 mishes, and in August, 1862, was wounded near Jameson, Daviess 
 County, and being permanently disabled was discharged in December, 
 1862. He carries several Confederate bullets in his body to this day. 
 After his discharge at Lexington, Mo. , he returned home, and in the 
 year 1863 went west, spending the following eight years in Montana, 
 Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Nevada. The greater part of the 
 time was spent in Montana engaged in mining. In the fall of 1871, 
 having reti^rned to Harrison County, he was married February 19, 1872, 
 to Margaret Ann, daughter of William Querry, and a native of Mis- 
 souri. After his marriage Mr. Fanning engaged in farming upon the 
 home place and in October, 1876, located upon his present property. 
 He at first bought 120 acres, but he now owns 240 acres, sixty of 
 which are timbered pasture, and the balance in meadow, pasture and 
 plow land. His farm is well improved, and he has an orchard of about 
 300 trees. He commenced life with only $300 or $400, but by the 
 exercise of prudence and economy is now ranked among the substan- 
 tial men of Butler Township. To himself and wife, who are both 
 members of the Methodist Church, the following children have been 
 born: Eva, Ida J., Mary E., Viola, Clarissa Ellen, Oscar and Har- 
 vey. IVIr. Fanning is a Republican, but has never held ofiice. 
 
 Reuben Foltz, farmer and stock raiser of Section 29, Township 63, 
 Range 29, was born in Page County, Va., May 2, 1829. His father, 
 Reuben Foltz, was born in the same county in 1778, and is a son of 
 Rev. Reuben Foltz, who was a Lutheran minister, born in Pennsylvania 
 
526 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 at an early day, and who died at the age of ninety. The father of our 
 subject grew to manhood in his native State, and there married Miss 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Martin Kite, and a native of Page County. 
 Mr. Foltz was a teacher during his younger days, but later engaged 
 in farming until his death, which occurred in 1863, his burial taking 
 place on Easter Sunday. For about eight years he served as justice 
 of the peace. The subject of this sketch was one of the family of 
 seven sons and four daughters, all of whom grew to maturity. Six 
 sons and two daughters are now living. Reuben is the only child who 
 resides in Han-ison County, Mo. ; he was reared in his native 
 State, and in 1848 went to Illinois, where he lived with a cousin about 
 eighteen months. In 1850 he went to Indiana, and passed a year 
 near Ten-e Haute, after which he lived in Virginia until September, 
 1852, at which time he located where he has since resided in Harrison 
 County, Mo. He was married in Gentry Country, Mo., in October, 
 1852, to Rachel C. Buchanan, a widow, and daughter of Matthew 
 Duncan, and a native of Kentucky, who moved to Missouri with her 
 parents when yoimg. Mrs. Foltz is the mother of the following chil- 
 dren: By her first marriage, Sarah, wife of William Allen, of Noda- 
 way County, and Stephen Z. (deceased); by her second marriage, 
 Reuben M.,'Polly Ann (wife of Slaughter Foltz), James B., and Ruth. 
 In October, 1863, Mr. Foltz enlisted in Company C, Twelfth Mis- 
 souri Cavah-y, and served until discharged at Leavenworth in April, 
 1866, having spent one year on the plains fighting the Indians. He 
 at one time owned 400 acres of land, part of which he gave to his 
 children, and now owns himself but 130 acres, which are well im- 
 proved and ciiltivated. He is a member of the G. A. R., and him- 
 self and wife belong to the Christian Church, of which he is an elder. 
 Martin A. Ford was born in Syracuse, N. Y., November 13, 1849, 
 and is a son of Oliver S. and Emily H. (Baldwin) Ford, whom he 
 accompanied to Chicago, III., in 1861. He there learned the tinner's 
 trade, at which he worked several years, and afterward was employed 
 as a traveling salesman for a wholesale hardware hoiise of that city 
 and St. Joseph, Mo. In 1881 he came to Bethany, Mo., and bought 
 out the firm of Vories Bros., and has since been interested in the 
 hardware business in this city. He has a full and select line of hard- 
 ware, stoves, and tinware, and controls a large share of the trade in 
 this line at Bethany and in the county. For the past three years 
 William G. Lewis, of St. Joseph, has been a partner in the business. 
 Mr. Ford married Mary A. Jobes, a native of New York, and the 
 mother of two children: Edna and Grace. Mr. Ford is a Republican 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 527 
 
 in politics, a Knight Templar in Masonry, and is recognized among 
 the successful and enterprising business men of Bethany. 
 
 Charles Fosdick was born in Geauga County, Ohio, May 17, 1847, 
 and is a son of John M. and Ann (Andrews) Fosdick, natives of New 
 York State, and of French and Scotch descent. In early life they 
 accompanied their parents to Ohio, and after their marriage in that 
 State located in Geauga County. A few years later they moved to 
 Walworth County, Wis., and from there moved to Sauk County, 
 where the father died in October, 1861, aged fifty-seven. The mother 
 still makes her home there. The father was a carpenter and cabinet 
 maker by trade, and worked at same in connection with farming. In 
 politics he was a Democrat. Charles is the third of ten children, and 
 passed his youth upon a farm. He received a common-school educa- 
 tion, and at the youthful age of fifteen enlisted in Company K, Fifth 
 Iowa Infantry. He participated in the battles of luka, siege of Vicks- 
 burg and Corinth, Ireland, Mo., Jackson, Champion's Hill, and at the 
 battle of Mission Ridge was captured and went as a prisoner of war to 
 Atlanta and then to Belle Isle, Va. From there he went to Ander- 
 sonville. South Charleston, Wilmington and Goldsboro, N. C. The 
 sufferings and tortures endiu-ed by him in these prisons led him to 
 write a book entitled ' ' Five Hundred Days in a Eebel Prison, ' ' which 
 has been published this year. September 28, 1875, he was united in 
 marriage with Miss Sarah C. Hurst, a native of Illinois. After liv- 
 ing in different places until 1874 Mr. F. came to Harrison County, Mo., 
 and about nine years ago purchased his present property of 1 10 acres, 
 upon which he is successfully engaged in stock raising. To himself 
 and wife two sons and three daughters have been born. Mr. Fos- 
 dick is a Republican, and a member of the G. A. R., Post No. 208, 
 at Blythedale. 
 
 John J. Foster was born in Greene County, Tenn. , April ]0, 1815. 
 His father, Robert Foster, was also a native of Tennessee, born in 1812, 
 a farmer by occupation, who died in Greene County, where he had always 
 lived; he served in the War of 1812 under Gen. Jackson. J. J. Foster 
 is one of a family of nine children, born to Robert and Mercy (Johnson) 
 Foster, and grew to maturity upon the farm where he was born. He 
 was married in his native county to Sarah Hankins, December 29, 
 1837, and afterward engaged in farming until 1850. In the fall of 
 that year he moved to Harrison County, Mo., and the following year 
 settled upon the land where he has since resided. He purchased 320 
 acres of land, the most of which was timbered, and 240 acres of which 
 is now well improved and devoted to meadow, pasture and plow land. 
 
528 HABEISON COUNTY. 
 
 He lives in a good one-story house, lias two good bams, other out- 
 buildings and a nice orchard. He is a Democrat, and as such has 
 filled several local offices of trust and honor, among them being 
 the ofiice of justice of the peace, which he filled seven years. 
 March 12, 1841, Jlr. Foster married his second wife, whose maiden 
 name was Mary Maloney. She is a native of Tennessee, and the 
 mother of the following children: Eliza Jane (wife of M. V. Toombs), 
 Hugh, Nancy E. (wife of Frank Chips), Margaret (wife of Joe 
 Funk), Mary (wife of Hezekiah Allen, of Kansas), William, Martha 
 (wife of Reuben Fultz, Jr.), John B. and Emma (deceased wife of 
 William Brown, who left one child). Mr. and Mrs. Foster are mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. The farm is now being 
 managed by Mr. Foster' s two sons, Hugh and John B. , the former of 
 whom in the spring of 1877 spent some three years in Eastern Ore- 
 gon, engaged in the stock business. He passed the winter of 1879 in 
 California, and after traveling through several Territories returned 
 home in 1880. 
 
 Robert Frazier was born in Ohio County, W. Va. , June 23, 1823, 
 and is a son of Samuel and Eleanor (Robinson) Frazier. The father 
 was born in Burkes County, Va., August 28, 1776, and was of Scotch 
 descent. His father was a captain- general in the Revolutionary War. 
 The mother was bom in Beaver Coimty, Penn. , February 5, 1878, and 
 was of Irish descent. Samuel Frazier was married in Ohio County, 
 Va., March 29, 1798, and was a pioneer settler of Virginia, where 
 until late years there was a fort known as ' ' Frazier' s Fort, ' ' in honor 
 of Robert Frazier' s grandfather. To Samuel Frazier and wife twelve 
 childi'en were bom, of whom seven are still living. Elizabeth 
 (Frazier) McCoy died May 9, 1879, and her death was the first in the 
 family from the year 1800. The eldest son is now eighty-seven years 
 of age, and the youngest (Robert Frazier) is sisty-foui-. Samuel 
 Frazier and his wife died March 31, 1850 and July 25, 1850, respec- 
 tively, of cholera. There are several keepsakes in the family now 
 owned by our subject, among which may be mentioned an old pocket- 
 book of his father' s which contains an old $50 note, and a pocketbook 
 and steelyards brought by his maternal grandfather from Ireland at an 
 early day. Robert Frazier was reared in his native State where his 
 parents passed their entire lives, and there learned the miller's trade 
 of his father. November 28, 1843, he wedded Miss Emily E. Knode, 
 a native of Ohio County, and the daughter of Samuel Knode, a hotel 
 keeper and farmer of that county. In 1851 he went to Knox County, 
 Ohio, where he engaged in farming thirteen years, and then came to Har- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 529 
 
 rison County, Mo., where he has since resided, and owns a well-stocked 
 farm of 160 acres, and is classed among the well-to-do farmers. ]\Ir. 
 Frazier is a EepublicaD, and under Lincoln's administration served as 
 postmaster for five years. Himself and wife are members of the 
 Presbyterian Church. All the childi'en are married, and belong to the 
 Methodist Church. 
 
 William Frazier was born in Belmont County, Ohio, July 14, 1836. 
 His parents, Andi'ew and Emily (McCoy) Frazier, were natives of Ohio 
 County, W. Va., and of Scotch-Irish and Irish descent, respectively. 
 They were married August 13, 1825, and the next spring moved to 
 Belmont County, Ohio, and afterward lived in Muskingum County 
 several years. In 1854 they moved to Knox County, Ohio, and in 
 1878 came to "Akron Settlement," Harrison County, Mo., where the 
 father died in 1880, aged seventy-six, and the mother in 1881, aged 
 seventy-three. William was reared and received a limited education 
 in his native State, and in 1861 was wedded to Miss Elizabeth McClel- 
 land, a native of Knox County, Ohio, and daughter of John and Mar- 
 garet (Williams) McClelland. In 1865 Mr. Frazier immigrated to 
 Harrison County, Mo. , and purchased his present place where he has 
 since made his home. From raw prairie land he has converted this 
 tract into one of the well -cultivated and improved farms of this sec- 
 tion of the country. His farm contains 290 acres, and is beautifully 
 located in what is known as ' ' Akron Settlement. ' ' During the 
 Rebellion Mr. Frazier enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and 
 Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, served on picket duty but 
 participated in no regular engagement. He is a Republican in poli- 
 tics, and a member of the G. A. R. To Mr. and Mrs. Frazier four 
 children have been born, three of whom are living: Rosa B. , William 
 R. (deceased), Frances E. and Lloyd. Rosa B. is the wife of Rev. 
 C. C. Hembree, of Kansas City, and Frances E. , the wife of J. D. 
 Good. Mr. Frazier and wife are leading and active members of the 
 Presbyterian Church, in which the former is an elder. 
 
 W. L. Frazier was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, December 
 5, 1837. and is a son of David and Mary (Sisson) Frazier, natives of 
 Ohio County, W. Va. The father was a farmer, and after his marriage 
 left his native county, and engaged in farming in Muskingum County, 
 Ohio, until 1869, when he came to Harrison County, Mo. Both him- 
 self and wife were worthy members of the Presbyterian Church, 
 and now lie buried in Akron graveyard in Harrison County. W. L. 
 Frazier is the eldest of a family of six children, four of whom are 
 living. His sister is a resident of this county, one brother lives in 
 
530 HAKKISON COUNTY. 
 
 Garden Grove, Iowa, and one in Hutchinson County, Dak. He was 
 reared in Muskingum County, and after receiving a district school 
 education attended a college at New Concord for five sessions. July 
 4, 1856, he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy J. McDonald, 
 daughter of William McDonald, of New Concord, Ohio. In 1869 
 Mr. Frazier accompanied his parents to Harrison County, Mo., where 
 he farmed until 1880, since which time he has been employed by Mr. 
 M. F. Oxford, in one of the leading mercantile establishments of 
 Gainesville. To himself and wife six children have been born, two of 
 whom are living: Carrie O. , wife of L. P. Ammons, of Hutchinson 
 County, Dak. , and Nettie L. , a teacher at Princeton, in the interme- 
 diate department of the high school. Mr. Frazier is a prosperous 
 citizen, owning one-tenth interest in eighty acres of real estate joining 
 the town of Cainesville, and a nice residence. Himself, wife and 
 youngest daughter belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his 
 eldest daughter and her husband belong to the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 John A. Frazier was born in Belmont County, Ohio, in 1888, and 
 is a son of Andrew and Emily (McCoy) Frazier. [See sketch of 
 William Frazier.] He accompanied his father upon his journeys 
 through Ohio, and came with him to Harrison County, Mo. His edu- 
 cation was limited to the neighborhood common schools, and at the 
 age of twenty-one he began life for himself, by working upon his 
 father's farm. At the age of twenty three he left the parental roof 
 and enlisted in Company G, Twentieth Ohio Infantry. He was in the 
 Government service three years, and participated in the siege of 
 Vicksburg, Shiloh, Fort Donelson and many other battles. During 
 a skirmish near Bolivar, Tenn. , he was wounded in the right shoulder, 
 where the ball still remains. Upon the expiration of his term of serv- 
 ice, and after receiving an honorable discharge, Mr. Frazier returned 
 to Ohio, and in 1865 came by wagon to Harrison County, Mo. , where 
 he remained one year. He then passed another year in Ohio, after 
 which he located permanently in Clay Township, Mo. , where he has 
 since lived. In 1867 Mr. Frazier married Miss Martha J. Morgan, a 
 native of Muskingum County, Ohio, and daughter of Richard and 
 Nancy (McCann) Morgan, who were of English and Irish descent, and 
 had a family of nine children, seven of whom are living and residents 
 of Missouri. The mother is now deceased, but the father lives with 
 Mrs. Frazier, and is eighty-two years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Frazier 
 have had four children, all of whom died in childhood, none living 
 over the age of three. Bessie died suddenly of diphtheria in Septem- 
 
 i 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 531 
 
 ber, 1886, aged two years and twenty- seven days. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Frazier are highly honored citizens, and worthy members of the Pres- 
 byterian Church. Mr. Frazier is a substantial farmer, having 320 
 acres of well-situated, improved and cultivated land, and in politics he 
 af&liates with the Republican party. 
 
 Jonathan Gary Frisby, a prominent farmer and stock dealer resid- 
 ing at Bethany, was born April 30, 1817, in Muskingum County, 
 Ohio, and reared in Morgan County of that State. He moved to Mc- 
 Lean County, 111., September 21, 1839, where he resided until 1860. 
 He then came to Harrison County, Mo. , and purchased a small farm, 
 four miles east from Bethany, which he improved and cleared, and to 
 which he brought his family in the spring of 1861. He began life 
 for himself when twenty-two years old with no property, but is now 
 the owner of several tracts of land near Bethany, besides some prop- 
 erty in a distant part of the county, in all amounting to about 900 
 acres. He also owns three houses and lots, and three half blocks in 
 Bethany, and is considered one of the substantial men of the place. 
 April 11, 1839, he married Miss Sarah J. Briggs, who was born 
 November 10, 1822, and is a daughter of John and Mary (Boles) 
 Briggs, natives of Morgan County, Ohio, and of Irish descent. To 
 this union eleven children have been born: John O. (deceased), Mary 
 J. (deceased), Sarah (deceased), Thomas (deceased), James O. , Adna 
 H., Catherine (wife of Dr. Jackson Walker), Perry J., Frank, Ezra 
 H. and Jennie. Mr. and Mrs. Frisby are members of no church, 
 but incline toward the Methodist faith. Mr. Frisby is a Republican 
 in politics, and October 22, 1861, enlisted in Company B, Fifty- 
 seventh Missouri State Militia. He was made first lieutenant of his 
 company, and afterward promoted to the captaincy of Company 
 D, Fifty-seventh Missouri State Militia, serving as such until the close 
 of the war. He has belonged to the Masonic fraternity for thirty- two 
 years, and is a member of the Blue Lodge. He was elected to the 
 office of county judge of Harrison County in the fall of 1865, and 
 served efficiently as such four years. He now devotes his attention to 
 stock raising and farming, in which he is very successful. He has 
 one brother, Russel E., who died in 1856, and one sister, Rebecca, 
 who married Richard Smith, and died in McLean County, 111., in 
 1844. He is the eldest of three children of James and Catherine 
 (Eveland) Frisby, natives of Pennsylvania, who moved to Morgan 
 Coiinty, Ohio, in their youth. The father died April 24, 1857, in 
 McLean County, 111., aged seventy-five. The mother afterward came 
 to Harrison County, Mo., where she died February 20, 1871, aged 
 
532 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 eighty years. James F. enlisted in the Indian War when seventeen, and 
 served as teamster under Gen. Harrison, and while with others he was 
 carrying supplies to the soldiers who fought in the battle of Tippe- 
 canoe, was taken a prisoner with the rest. He and two others were 
 the only ones of those captvired who succeeded in making theh' escape 
 to the fort of the guards and teamsters. He was an honored and up- 
 right citizen in the counties where he resided, and a son of Jonathan 
 Carey Frisby, a native of Germany. Mrs. Frisby was a native of 
 England. 
 
 James Oscar Frisby, a farmer and stock raiser of Sherman Town- 
 ship, was born in McLean County, 111., November 24, 1843, and in 
 the fall of 1861 he removed with his parents to Harrison County, Mo. 
 July 1, 1879, he went to Kansas and engaged in the cattle business, 
 but a year later returned to Harrison County, where he has since 
 resided. He began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, with 
 160 acres of land, but has increased his possessions to 1,640 acres of 
 land, nicely improved and well equipped in every way for the pursuit 
 of agriculture, making him one of the largest land holders in the 
 county. November 17, 1867, he married Miss Sarah Fair, daughter 
 of Aaron and Elizabeth Ann (Kizer) Fair, natives of Ohio and Indiana, 
 respectively. To Mr. and Mrs. Frisby three children have been born: 
 Lecta, John A. , and Carey J. Mr. Frisby is a Republican in politics, 
 and served three years in the Union army; was in the Forty-third 
 Missouri Volunteers, and is now a member of the G. A. B. He is the 
 second of eleven children bom to J. C. and Sarah (Briggs) Frisby 
 [see sketch], and is one of the enterprising citizens of the county. 
 
 Ezra H. Frisby, attorney at law, of Bethany, Mo., is a native of 
 Harrison County, Mo. , was born four miles southeast of Bethany Octo- 
 ber 17, 1862, and is a son of Jonathan C. Frisby, of Bethany. [See 
 above.] Ezra lived with his parents, and grew to manhood in this 
 county, during which time he received a good English education in 
 the city schools. He attended a select course one year at Ann Arbor, 
 Mich. , graduating fi-om the law department of that institute in March, 
 1883. He commenced to practice his profession in company with S. 
 W. Vandivert in April of that year, and in 1885 became a partner of 
 C. S. Winslow. Since 1886 he has been engaged in the legal profes- 
 sion without any partner, and is meeting with well deserved success, 
 having also a complete set of abstracts of titles. April 20, 1885, he 
 married Miss Eva M. Tucker, a native of this county, and daughter of 
 James G. Tucker, of Independence, Mo. This union has been blessed 
 with two children: Lane and Maurice. Mr. Frisby is a Republican 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 533 
 
 in politics, and for two years served as deputy prosecuting attorney. 
 He has been city attorney for four years, and is now ably discharging 
 the duties of that office. He is a Master Mason, a Knight of Pythias, 
 and is recognized as one of the rising members of the Hanison County 
 bar. 
 
 B. F. Fulkerson was born in Lawrence County, Ind. , March 24, 
 1820, and is a son of Isaac and Sarah (Johnson) Fulkerson, natives of 
 Tennessee, and of German descent. His maternal grandmother was a 
 native of Germany, and when a young man his father went to Law- 
 rence County, Ind., where he married. Mr. and Mrs. Fulkerson then 
 began their wedded life in that county, renting a farm, which they 
 proceeded to cultivate. At the close of one day's labor, in July, 1820, 
 they repaired to the East Fork of White River to bathe. The mother 
 entered the stream, and, stepping too far into a sudden declivity, was 
 unable to regain safety. Her sister gave the alarm from the bank, 
 and her husband went to the rescue, but was unable to save her, and 
 perished himself in the attempt. B. F. Fulkerson was thus left an 
 orphan when but four months old, and, with his sister, Mahala, was 
 taken by his Grandfather Fulkerson to be reared. When he was 
 eleven years of age he lost his grandfather, and afterward remained 
 with his grandmother, whom he cared for until he came to Missouri 
 in the spring of 1856. Ajjril 19, 1852, Mr. Fulkerson was married, 
 in Davis County, Ind., to Mary (Riggins) Hutton, widow of Joseph 
 Hutton, and daughter of James and Margaret (Edwards) Riggins, 
 which union was blessed with two sons : Marcillus T. and William A. 
 Hutton (deceased). The former is now a resident of Harrison County, 
 Mo. After farming in Indiana four years Mr. Fulkerson started for 
 Kansas. Leaving his wife and three children in Monroe County, Iowa, 
 he prospected through Missouri quite extensively, and located upon 
 his present place, which became his permanent home. His valuable 
 farm of 240 acres is situated on Indian Creek, and is one of the nicely 
 improved farms of this vicinity. Since coming to Missouri the follow- 
 ing three children, who are all living, have been born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Fulkerson: Sarah (wife of A. lusko, was born in Indiana), Jasper, 
 James M. and Wilmer A. Mr. and Mrs. Fulkerson are active and 
 useful members of the Baptist Church, and in politics the former is a 
 Repvablican. 
 
 Nathaniel Funk was born in Rockingham County, Va. , August 25, 
 1826, and is a son of Martin and Elizabeth (Meliza) Funk, also natives 
 of that county and State. His grandfather, John Funk, was born in 
 Pennsvlvania. and afterward moved to Indiana where he died. He 
 
534 HAREISON COUNTY. 
 
 was a soldier in the War of 1812. Martin Funk was born December 
 
 25, 1800, and from Virginia moved to Perry County, Ohio, and 
 two years later to Sandusky County, where he spent a year and a 
 half at which time he was joined by his father, and located in Logan 
 County. Two years later he went to Allen County where he improved 
 a farm and passed seven years. The years between 1840 and 1861 
 he lived in Henry County, Ind. , and then removed to Harrison County, 
 Mo., where he died June 2, 1881. His wife is still living, as are also 
 his four sons and four daughters. Nathaniel grew to manhood in 
 Henry County, Ind., and was there married December 16, 1852, to 
 Eliza Jane Courtney, after which he farmed in that county until com- 
 ing to Missoui'i in 1865. He at first purchased 180 acres where he 
 now resides, but has since added to same until he now owns 440 acres, 
 nearly all of which is well improved and cultivated. Mr. Funk has 
 been twice married, and is the father of the following children: Joseph, 
 Martin, Margaret (wife of James W. Sevier), Riley N. , Gillie Ann, 
 and Samuel T. His second wife, Catherine Huffman, was born 
 August 15, 1832, in Rockingham County, Va. , but mostly reared in 
 Henry County, Ind. She was united in matrimony to Mr. Funk, 
 February 25, 1868, and is the mother of three children. Mr. Funk 
 is a Democrat in politics, but for township and county offices always 
 votes for the best man regardless of party affiliations. Mrs. Funk is 
 a member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 ^\'illiam H. H. Gillespie, sheriff of Harrison County, Mo., was 
 born in Jackson County, Ohio, June 22, 1842, and is the son of Will- 
 iam B. and Rhoda (Miller) Gillespie, the former of Ohio, and the 
 latter a native of Virginia. The father imnigrated to Missouri in 
 1844, and soon after located upon a farm in Cypress Township near 
 where he now resides, being the oldest citizen of the place. William 
 H. H. was reared upon his father's farm in Han'ison County, but during 
 his youth received no education. Upon the breaking out of the war 
 he entered the Union army as a private in Company F, Second Mis- 
 soui'i Cavalry, in which he served until 1862. In 1863 he re-enlisted 
 in Company I, First Missouri State Militia, and served as a private 
 until severely wounded in the left arm at Lexington, Mo. , which com- 
 pelled him to have his arm amputated near the shoulder. Seeing 
 that farming was thenceforth impracticable he prepared himself for 
 teaching, which occupation he engaged in continuously until 1886. 
 He was then elected sheriff upon the Republican ticket, and is now 
 faithfully discharging the duties of this office. In 1868 he manied 
 Hannah A. Sutton, a native of Ohio, by whom he had three children: 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 535 
 
 Alma L. , Florence Ethel and Charles L. Rlr. Gillespie has always 
 been a stanch Republican and is a member of the G. A. R. and 
 A. O. U. W. Himself and wife are united with the Christian 
 .Church. 
 
 Miles S. Gillidett, ex-sheriff of Harrison County, Mo., was born 
 in Delaware County, N. Y., in 1841, and the following year was taken 
 to Litchfield County, Conn. , by his mother, who went to live with one 
 of her sisters, William Gillidett, the father of Miles S., having died 
 soon after the latter was born. He continued to make his home with 
 his aunt, in Connecticut, until his mother, Rebecca (Hollock) Gilli- 
 dett, married a Mr. William Small, of Dutchess County, N. Y. , in 
 18-45. The same year he went with his parents to Wisconsin, 
 remained there part of one year, and returned to the old home in 
 New York, where they continued to live until 1856, then moving to 
 Carroll County, 111. , where Miles S. resided until he enlisted in Com- 
 pany C, Ninety-second Illinois Volunteers. In the fall of 1862 he went 
 with his regiment to the fi'ont, and remained with it until the close of 
 the war. In July, 1865, he was mustered out of the service at 
 Greensboro, N. C, and discharged at Chicago soon afterward. He 
 was with Gen. Sherman upon his march to the sea, and was with his 
 regiment in all the battles in which it participated, from the battle of 
 Chickamauga until the close of the war. He was taken prisoner at 
 the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, placed in prison at Marietta, Ga., 
 with other comrades, but was recaptured by a dash of his own com- 
 mand (Kilpatrick' s cavalry) into the town, and set at liberty before the 
 rebels had time to send him South. After being discharged he joined 
 his parents in Iowa, whither they had moved while he was in the 
 army. He lived in Iowa until June, 1867, having married in the 
 meantime Miss Mary J., the daughter of Gideon Rathbone, of Har- 
 din County, Iowa, in 1866. The next year they moved to Harrison 
 County, Mo. , and have since lived here, except for about six months, 
 in 1880, when Mr. Gillidett went to Leadville, Colo. He was in that 
 city prior to and during the time of the Mike Mooney strike, or riot, 
 and was elected captain of the State militia, participating in Lead- 
 ville' s dark days — the quelling of that riot. He returned home to 
 Bethany, Mo., in August, 1880, and was appointed city marshal, 
 which position he continued to hold unti' he was elected sheriff of 
 the county in November, 1882. Prior to his election as sheriff he had 
 served continuoiisly as deputy sheriff under Graham, Garrison and 
 Barker, his predecessors — eight years in all. He served four years as 
 sheriff with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of a large majority 
 
536 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 of the people of his county. After his second term had expired, Decem- 
 ber 1, 1886, he moved to his farm, three miles north of Bethany, con- 
 sisting of 240 acres in a high state of cultivation, where he expects to 
 live until he shall be gathered home to his fathers. Mr. and M13. 
 Gillidett, and Gideon, their second son, all belong to the Christian 
 Chui-ch, Miles S. being one of the elders of that church at Bethany. 
 The family is a large one, consisting of five sons and three daughters. 
 He is also a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity, and also 
 belongs to the A. O. U. W., in which he is a Select Knight. In 
 politics he is a Republican. 
 
 S. H. Glaze was born in Wood County, Va. , in 1816, and is a son 
 of John and Annie (Wolf) Glaze, who were of German and English 
 descent, respectively. The mother was born in Delaware, reared in 
 Virginia, and was a daughter of Reese and Sarah (Prettyman) Wolfe. 
 The father was a son of John and Elizabeth (Hynzeman) Glaze, and 
 spent his life farming. He moved to West Highland County, Ohio, 
 where he died, and his widow survived him above seven years, her death 
 occurring in 1879. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, as were their parents before them. They both reached the 
 advanced age of eighty, and were the parents of six children. ]Mr. 
 Glaze was a soldier in the War of 1812. S. H. Glaze was reared 
 upon his father's farm in Highland County, and when of age began 
 life for himself. He first engaged in farming upon a small piece of 
 land he had purchased in Highland County. He was united in 
 marriage, August 22, 1838, to Miss Sarah Millburn, a native of 
 Pennsylvania, and daughter of Thomas and Sarah Millburn. In 
 1857, by which time they had accumulated several thousand dollars, 
 Ml-, and Mrs. Glaze sold their property, and moved to Harrison 
 County, Mo., where they have since resided. They have had nine 
 childi-en, five of whom are living: Thomas W., Samuel N. , Daniel R., 
 Sarah A. and Lydia L., who are married and living in Harrison 
 County. During his thu'ty years' residence here Mr. Glaze has estab- 
 lished a high reputation for integrity and honor, and since the organi- 
 zation of the Cainesville Bank has been its president. He has 640 
 acres of weU-improved land in his homestead, and owns in all about 
 1,500 acres (after giving his childi'en from 300 to 500 acres each), 
 which is fenced and mostly improved. He has been a member of the 
 I. O. O. F. over twenty years, and himself, wife and two daughters, 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is a 
 Republican, and for twelve years he served his township as a justice 
 of the peace. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 537 
 
 Samuel N. Glaze was born in Highland County, Ohio, in March, 
 1843, and is a son of S. H. Glaze [see above]. He spent his boyhood in 
 his native county, and in 1857 accompanied his father to Missoiiri. 
 During the war he enlisted in Company E, Forty-third Missouri Vol- 
 unteer Infantry under Col. Harding, and served from the 13th of 
 August, 1864, until the last of June of the following year. After 
 returning home he bought a half interest in a saw mill upon Grand 
 River with W. C. Baker, which he operated from 1869 until 1876. 
 He then turned his attention to farming, which has since been his main 
 occupation, although since 1881 he has conducted a flouring-mill in 
 connection with his farm interests. He owns 339 acres of well 
 stocked and improved land in the home place, and forty acres near 
 Madison Township, and is one of the substantial men of the county. 
 April 2, 1873, he married Miss Mary E. Kinion, daughter of John 
 Kinion, of Gainesville [see sketch]. This union has been blessed with 
 four children: Oscar, Bertram, Carl and Gary Austin, who died in 
 infancy. In politics Mr. Glaze is a Eepublican, and is one of the 
 highly honored and respected citizens of the vicinity in which he lives. 
 
 J. H. Goodwin was born in 1846 in Putnam County, Ind. , and 
 when two years old went to Davis County, Ind., and from there to 
 Monroe County in 1857. January 2, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, 
 Fifty-ninth Indiana Infantry, in which he was corporal, and served 
 until mustered out July 27, 1865, at Indianapolis, Ind, He then 
 came to Harrison County, Mo., and engaged in farming until 1880, 
 when he engaged in business at Cainesville. June 15, 1881, he 
 embarked in the general mercantile business at his present location in 
 Eidgeway. Although he began life for himself when a boy with no 
 capital, he now owns a fine sti)ck of goods, his store room and eighty 
 acres of well improved land. August 27, 1865, he married Miss Har- 
 riet J. Baker, by whom eight children have been born: Thomas E., 
 Lillie H. , James Guy, Frederick A., Bruce, Mary V. (deceased), 
 Eosa (deceased) and Willie (deceased.) Mrs. Goodwin is a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Goodwin is a Eepublican 
 in politics, and has served as mayor of Eidgeway and in several other 
 official capacities. He is the third of four children of Seth and 
 Nancy (Morgan) Goodwin, early settlers of Monroe County, Ind. Mr. 
 and Mi's. Goodwin both died in the fall of 1848 of cholera, and the 
 same disease took away the grandfather and sister at the same time. 
 Mr. Goodwin was about thirty-eight at the time of his death, and he 
 was a son of Seth Goodwin. 
 
 Charles H. Golding, farmer, stock raiser, and by trade a stone 
 
 34 
 
538 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 mason and plasterer, was born in 1838 near St. John, N. B. , and at 
 the age of nine accompanied his parents to Aurora, 111. About 1852 
 he went to Lee County, 111. , and in January, 1867, to Worth County, 
 Mo. , where he settled four miles north of Allendale, and engaged in 
 farming until his removal September 3, 1873, to his present place in 
 Harrison County, Mo. When of age he learned the above named trade, 
 which he has since followed in connection with his farming, and 
 although he began life for himself when but a boy foiu-teen years old 
 he is now comfortably fixed upon a farm of his own containing 120 
 acres of good land. In Augiist, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, 
 Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry, and served until mustered out in July, 
 1865. October 8, 1862, he was wounded at Perryville, Ky. , and sent 
 to the hospital at New Albany, Ind. January 1, 1866, he mamed 
 Miss Helen Morse, who was born near Waterford, N; Y. , in 1844, 
 and is a daughter of Merrit A. and Alida (Van Olinda) Morse, also 
 natives of New York, and of English and German descent respect- 
 ively. To Mr. and Mrs. Golding four childi-en have been born; 
 William M. , George A. , Charles H. and Frank M. Mr. Golding is a 
 Democrat in politics, and in 1878 was elected justice of the peace, in 
 which office he served two years, and then in April, 1881, was 
 re-elected, and also in 1883, after which he served two years, and in 
 1887 was again elected to the same office. He is a Master Mason and 
 his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is the 
 fourth of eleven children born to William and Sarah (Purdy) Golding, 
 natives of New Brunswick and of English descent. The father of 
 Mrs. Golding was a son of Milton and Fannie (Gould) Morse, the 
 former of whom served in the War of 1812. Mrs. Alida Morse was a 
 daughter of Daniel and Eleanor Van Olinda. The father and mother 
 of our subject died January 13, 1883, aged seventy-three, and July 
 20, 1878, aged sixty-five years, respectively. 
 
 David Goucher was born in Ripley County, Ind. , in 1830, moved 
 to Kankakee County, 111., in 1852, and in 1855 he came to Harrison 
 County, Mo. , where he has since resided. He started out in life for 
 himself at the age of twenty-two with no capital, but through industry 
 and good business ability has become the owner of 405 acres of finely 
 improved land, and is one of the well-to-do farmers and stock raisers 
 of the county. In April, 1852, he married Miss Susan Stuart, 
 daughter of Hall and Jane (Collins) Stuart, natives of Ohio and New 
 Hampshire, respectively. To Mr. and Mrs. Goucher the following 
 children have been born : Samuel, Bell, Mary, Ella, Albert, Eeuben, 
 Melissa (deceased) and William. Mr. Goucher is a Republican in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 539 
 
 politics, and in the summer of 1861 enlisted in the Missouri State 
 Home Guards, then served in the Missouri State Militia six months, 
 and March 4, 1862, enlisted in Company G, Sixth Missouri Cavalry 
 as a jsrivate. July 22, 1863, he was made second lieixtenant of his 
 company, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. His 
 regiment was veteranized in March, 1864, as Company C, Thirteenth 
 Missouri Cavalry, and he commanded in same until mustered out May 
 29, 1865, at Waynesville, Mo. Mrs. Goucher is a member of the 
 Christian Church, and Mr. Goucher belongs to the I. O. O. F. To 
 the parents of our subject, Samuel P. and Jane (Vanzile) Goucher, 
 natives of New York State and Holland, respectively, seven childi-en 
 were born, of whom David is the sixth. The father was a soldier in 
 the War of 1812, and served as county judge of the county in Indiana 
 in which he resided as long as he would accept the office. His wife 
 was a daughter of Abraham Vanzile, and emigrated from Holland to 
 the United States before Mrs. Goucher was grown. 
 
 Nathan Graham was born in Jackson Coimty, Ohio, in 1844, upon 
 the 4th of April, and is the son of Jehiel and Rebecca (Gilliland) 
 Graham, natives of the same county, where they were married. The 
 father was a successful farmer in those days, and died in his native 
 county, where his widow resides upon the old homestead with her 
 youngest son, Willis. Nathan is one of a family of nine children, 
 seven of whom are living. He was reared at home with few educa- 
 tional advantages, and at the age of eighteen enlisted in Company E, 
 Eighty-seventh Ohio Infantry, in which he served four months, and 
 although he participated in no regular engagement he was taken pris- 
 oner at Harper's Ferry. He was paroled at Delaware, Ohio, and soon 
 after discharged. He then returned home and resumed farming, and 
 in September, 1862, went to Cole County, 111. At the age of twenty- 
 three he was married to Miss Sarah Castor, a native of Allegheny 
 County, Penn. , and daughter of Sampson P. Castor, a prominent farmer 
 of Jackson County, but now a resident of Allegheny County, Penn. 
 In 1876 Mr. Graham came to Harrison County, Mo., where he owns 
 293 acres of good land, and is classed among the thrifty and enter- 
 prising farmers of the county. To himself and wife six children have 
 been born: Sampson, Luetta, Jehiel, Bertie, Alfred and Leona. 
 Mr. Graham is a Republican, and a member of the G. A. E. 
 
 Reuben Gray, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Grant Town- 
 ship, was born in Caledonia County, Vt. , October 30, 1839, and is the 
 son of Reuben and Anna (Miles) Gray, who were also natives of that 
 State, and remained there while they lived. The mother died when 
 
540 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 Reuben was only thii-teea years of age, and his father shortly after 
 married again, but the second wife died a few years later. Jonathan 
 Gray, the grandfather of our subject, was of English descent, and a 
 soldier in the Revolutionary Wai\ Owing to the poverty of his parents 
 Mr. Gray was unable to attend school more than a few months, and 
 when thirteen years of age learned the millwright trade. Three years 
 later he went to Illinois, and in 1861 was married to Sliss Siba A. , 
 daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Meservy, formerly of Vermont, 
 though All's. Gray was born in Illinois. This union has resulted in 
 nine children, six of whom are living: Joseph M. , Sylva (dead); 
 Jacob A., William A., Hattie S., Barber E. (dead), Mary E., Clara 
 Belle (dead), and Siba A. In 1871 Mr. Gray went to Harrison County, 
 where he located near Ridgeway, and managed a saw mill for about 
 two years, also having charge of mills in Grundy, Daviess and Livings- 
 ton Counties; since that time, however, he has devoted all his time to 
 farming, and has about 370 acres of improved land in one farm, 
 besides ninety in other tracts. He has held several township offices, 
 and politically is a Republican, having cast his first vote for Lincoln, 
 in 1860. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and both he and 
 his wife are connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Gray 
 commenced life as a poor boy, and by hard work, perseverance and 
 good management has risen to his present prosperity, and has done 
 not a little for the intellectual, moral and religious development of his 
 neighborhood, having done what he could under his circumstances. 
 
 Jackson Green, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Hocking County, 
 Ohio, in 1825, and is the third and eldest living child of Richard and 
 Maiy (Plunk) Green, who had a family of five sons and four daugh- 
 ters. The father was a native of Ohio, and the mother of Pennsylva- 
 nia. Early in life the latter went to Ohio, where she was married, and 
 she and her husband lived until about sixty-four years of age. He 
 was a farmer, a Democrat during his entire life, and for some time 
 served as constable. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk War. The 
 mother was a member of the Methodist Church. Jackson Green was 
 reared upon a farm, but received only a limited education as his father 
 lost his property by going security for an acquaintance, and was obliged 
 to abandon the idea of educating his children, and move upon cheaper 
 lands where there were no schools. Upon reaching manhood, Jackson 
 learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked seven years. In 
 1853 he married Esther K. Lowtridge, daughter of Thomas and Cathe- 
 rine (Donahue) Lowtridge, and a native of Athens County, Ohio, born 
 in 1833. Her parents were natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, respect- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 541 
 
 ively, and reared a family of six sons and two daughters. The father 
 was a farmer, and both himself and wife, Methodists. In 1856 Mr. 
 . Green came to Harrison County, Mo. , and located upon his present 
 farm of 516 acres. Mr. Green was very poor at that time, and obliged 
 to make his own furniture, but by persistent efforts and good manage- 
 ment has become a well-to-do man, although at one time he lost $4,000 
 in the manner in which his father lost his property. Previous to the 
 war he was a Democrat, but since that time has been a Repub- 
 lican. In 1861 he enlisted in " Merrill's Horse " or the Second Mis- 
 souri Cavalry, and served over three years as quartermaster and 
 commissary sergeant. He was mustered out at St. Louis in 1864, and 
 is now a member of the G. A. R. 
 
 Isaac Grenawalt was born in Hardin County, Ky. , December 20, 
 1817, and is a son of John and Rachel (Logston) Grenawalt, descend- 
 ants of Germany. Upon their marriage they moved to a farm in 
 Hardin County, Ky. Isaac, the sixth child of a family of eleven boys 
 and three girls, worked on a farm until he was twenty, then in the 
 fall of 1837 took a flat boat for New Orleans, La., where he went to 
 work at the carpenter's trade, until the fall of 1839. He then visited 
 Texas, volunteered to fight Indians, and during the conflict received a 
 wound. He was in Texas eighteen months, then returned to New 
 Orleans where he finished his apprenticeship in the summer of 1844. 
 Soon after he went to Nashville, Tenn. , and while there worked at his 
 trade. In the fall of 1845 he retraced his steps to the parental home 
 in Hardin County, Ky. He was absent eight years and six months, 
 still working at his trade. July 8, 1847, Mr. Grenawalt wedded Miss 
 Mary Bu^nt, after which they commenced housekeeping at Louisville, 
 Ky. He followed his trade until October 26, 1849, when he took a 
 boat for Keokuk, Iowa, moving thence to Jefferson County, Iowa, 
 November 2. He then worked at carpentering, and while there 
 entered eighty acres of land. In the spring of 1855 he sold out, and 
 in the fall of 1855 immigrated to Harrison County, Mo., where he 
 arrived October 17, 1855, and soon entered 160 acres of land where he 
 now lives. During the war he belonged to the Home Guards. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Grenawalt have had six sons and three daughters, of whom 
 three sons and one daughter are now deceased. Mr. Grenawalt is a 
 Democrat and a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 
 Mrs. Grenawalt belongs to the United Brethren Church. He is a well- 
 to-do man, and the owner of 240 acres of good land. 
 
 D. M. Greenwood was born March 3, 1837, in Indiana, and is a 
 son of Henry and Margaret (Stoneburner) Greenwood, natives of Vir- 
 
542 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 ginia, and of German descent. The father was a brick -ma son by 
 trade, but made farming his chief occupation. He lived some time 
 in Ohio, and from there went to Indiana. Next he went to Kichland 
 County, 111. , where he engaged in farming until his death . He was 
 a soldier in the war in 1861, serving as bugler, and to himself and 
 wife ten children were born, nine of whom are living, some in Illinois, 
 Missouri and Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Greenwood both lived to the 
 advanced age of sixty, and are buried side by side in Richland County, 
 111. D. M. Greenwood was principally reared in Indiana and Illinois, 
 and when of age began life for himself by driving cattle and break- 
 ing prairie land. He afterward went to Denver, Colo., where he 
 was unfortunate and lost all his earnings. He then returned home, 
 and for about two years worked in a saw mill owned by his brother- 
 in-law. During the war he enlisted in Company E, Sixth Illinois 
 Cavalry, Col. Ben. Grierson's command, under Isaac Gipson, and 
 served three years. He was with Grant during the siege of Vicks- 
 burg, and was mustered out at Springfield, 111., after which he 
 returned home. While at home upon a furlough he was maiTied. 
 August 20, 1863, to Miss Hester Ann Marshall, a native of Benton 
 County, Ky., and after his marriage lived five years in Illinois. After 
 spending a year in Lafayette County, Mo., he came to Harrison 
 County, where he owns 176J acres in the home tract and 100 acres 
 in pasture and timber land. His farm is situated in Akron settle- 
 ment, Clay Township, where he is considered one of the substantial 
 farmers. Himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, 
 and seven of their twelve children are now living: Lorenzo S., Mar- 
 garet, Annie, Amy A., Adam, Eve, Jennie and Claude. In politics 
 Mr. Greenwood is a^Democrat. 
 
 James A. Hagan was born in Grayson County, Ky., September 
 29, 1819, and is a son of George W. and Catherine (Simpson) Hagan, 
 both natives of Kentucky. The father was a soldier in the "War of 
 1812 under Gen. Jackson, and passed his life engaged in farming in 
 Kentucky. While upon a trip to New Orleans upon a flat boat he was 
 taken ill and died, his burial place being at the town of Smithson, 
 upon the mouth of the Columbia River. His wife was buried in Har- 
 din County, Ky. ; both were devout members of the Roman Cath- 
 olic Church. James A. is the only survivor of a family of five boys 
 and one girl. He was reared in his native State, and married there, in 
 Washington County, April 5, 1842, to Miss Mary R. Montgomery, a 
 native of that county. For twelve years they made Kentucky their 
 home, Mr. Hagan during that time working at his trade — that of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 543 
 
 stonemasonry — and engaging in farming. In 1853 he immigrated to 
 Knox County, Mo., -where he engaged in the same labor for two years, 
 and in 1854 entered land in Harrison County, Mo., whither he moved 
 his family in 1855. He now owns 285 acres of finely improved land 
 in Clay Township, Harrison County, and is a well-to-do man. He 
 has greatly assisted in the advancement of the county, has improved 
 several places, served as justice of the peace twenty-five years, and has 
 also been assessor of his township. Himself and wife belong to the 
 Boman Catholic Chu.rch, and to their union thirteen children have 
 been born, nine of whom are living: George W., Mary (wid()W of C. E. 
 Roberts), Charles T. , Matilda E. (widow of Henry Nelson), Annie E. , 
 James R. , Lena R. and Alice A. 
 
 C. T. Hagan was born in Washington County, Ky., January 17, 
 
 1849, and lived upon his father's farm until twenty-four years of age. 
 December 25, 1872, he wedded Miss Dollie Chambers, daughter of 
 Isaiah Chambers, and then lived upon his father's place about six 
 years, after which he passed two years upon Mr. Chambers" farm. 
 He then bought land in Clay Township, and now owns 100 acres in the 
 home tract and 100 acres in Section 1, Clay Township. His wife is a 
 member of the Baptist Chui'ch, and he belongs to the I. O. O. P. 
 Lodge at Cainesville, and in politics is a Democrat. To himself and 
 wife four children have been born, three of whom are living: Orion, 
 Orval (deceased), Benjamin C and Merl. 
 
 James P. Hamilton was born in Green County, Ky., March 1, 
 1840, and is a son of Dr. John B. Hamilton and Caroline (Sanders) 
 Hamilton. The father was a successful medical practitioner, who 
 came to Missouri about 1846, and died in Daviess County, Mo. , about 
 
 1850. By the mother of James P. the following children were born : 
 William H. Hamilton, John B., Oscar and Wood H. By the father's 
 first marriage there are one son and one daughter living: Dr. T. L. 
 Hamilton and Catherine, wife of James Miles. James P. lived with 
 his parents until the death of his father, and at the age of eighteen 
 he become proficient in the tinner's trade. He came to Bethany in 
 1859, and in 1860 started in business for himself in which he was not 
 successful. The same year he met with an accident which caused the 
 loss of his lower right limb. Having accumulated a small amount of 
 money by 1865 he engaged in the hardware business, which for the 
 past twenty years he has continued with success, and although he 
 started with but little capital, is now one of the owners of the largest 
 and best stocked store in his line in Northern Missouri, outside of 
 St. Joseph. The building is a two-story brick including basement. 
 
544 HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 and is situated on South Street, near the southwest corner of the 
 square. In 1884 Mr. Albert Stubbs became a partner in the business. 
 October 30, 1860, Mr. Hamilton married Collistie E. Allen, a native 
 of Overton County, Tenn., by whom he has four children: Lullie B., 
 wife of William C. Rose; Lillie G., deceased in 1880; Stephen Earl, 
 Lura and Carl. Mr. Hamilton is a member of the I. O. O. F. and 
 A. O. U. W. Himself and wife belong to the Christian Church. Mr. 
 Albert D. Stubbs was born in Fulton County, Ind., September 19, 
 1847, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Toner) Stubbs, natives 
 of Kentucky and Pennsylvania. The father is still a resident of Ful- 
 ton County, Ind., where Albert was reared upon a farm. At the age 
 of twenty he left home, and after following various occupations in 
 Illinois, came to Bethany in 1870. In 1884 he became a partner in 
 the hardware business of J. P. Hamilton, and is now a member of 
 that well known firm. October 1, 1874, he married Frances McClure, 
 a native of Virginia, by whom four children have been born: Louis S., 
 Bettie E. (deceased 1880), Fred and Glen. Mrs. Stubbs has one daugh- 
 ter by her former marriage with Joseph McClure (deceased). Mrs. 
 Stubbs' maiden name was Ford, and the daughter, Lottie, is now the 
 wife of E. R. Durham. Mr. Stubbs is a Republican, and has held the 
 offices of township and city collector, and has also been township 
 trustee. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. , and having served six 
 months in the United States army, in Company A, One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, is a member of the G. A. R. 
 Himself and wife belong to the Christian Church. 
 
 Hannibal Harrison, a pioneer settler of Han'ison County, Mo., is 
 of English descent upon the paternal side of the family. His great- 
 great-grandfather immigrated to New York State from England, in 
 1720, and worked at the silversmith's trade. He taught the fii'st 
 English school in Schenectady, N. Y. , and was drowned while cross- 
 ing the Mohawk River. The great- OTandfather was a weaver bv trade, 
 and had four sons: Thomas, Herman, Peter and Philip. Herman 
 left three children: Henry, Hannah, and Elizabeth, who lost her life 
 by drowning while upon a pleasure trip on New York Bay. Henry 
 Harrison, the father of our subject, was a native of New York State 
 and his wife of French descent and born in Montgomery County, N. Y. 
 Henry Harrison assisted in laying the townships of St. Lawrence 
 County, N. Y., and in an early day, 1819, immigrated to Clermont, 
 Ohio, remaining eleven years in that State engaged in coopering. In 
 1830 he went to Kentucky, and for five years engaged in farming in 
 Bracken County. They afterward lived in Decatur County, Ind., for 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 545 
 
 ten years, first locating upon Government land. From there they 
 came to Harrison County, Mo., where both died and were buried. 
 The father was a Baptist, and the mother a life- long member of the 
 Methodist Church. Hannibal Harrison received his early education 
 in Clermont County, Ohio, and became very proficient in mathematics. 
 At the age of twenty-nine he came to Harrison County, Mo., in 
 1845, taught the first school in Clay Township, and has taught school 
 here until the present. In 1853 he moved to the hill near his first set- 
 tlement, and has lived within one mile of his first location since 1845. 
 He was man-ied in Kentucky to Miss Edith West, in 1837, a native 
 of Ohio, who was reared in Kentucky, and whose parents came from 
 New Jersey. For some time he was engaged in hauling lumber in 
 that State, and then came west. To his union with Miss West eleven 
 children have been born, of whom eight are living: Eebecca, now Mrs. 
 Oxford; Artemitia, now Mrs. Ellis; Elizabeth, now the wife of Sol. 
 Casebeer; Henry A. ; Napoleon B. ; Angeline, wife of A. Graham; 
 Eliza and Clara D. After residing in Missouri twenty-one years Mr. 
 Harrison took his chikhren to Kentucky to visit relatives, choosing a 
 circuitous route that they might be able to see as much of the country 
 as possible. Mr. Harrison is a well-to-do citizen, and owns a well-stocked 
 and improved farm in Clay Township, which he bought for $100, and 
 which has never changed hands. He is one of the influential men of the 
 township, and served as constable of the township two years, then as 
 treasiirer of the township six years, and filled the ofiice of county 
 surveyor twenty years. His mathematical education was largely 
 acquired by self-study, he having mastered the light mathematics 
 without an instructor. He has prepared two keys to arithmetics, and 
 is justly proud of his ability in this line. 
 
 Frank T. Harvey was born in Henry County, Ind., June 12, 1842. 
 He lost his mother when three years old, and his father, John Harvey, 
 when but ten years of age. He consequently was left to fight the bat- 
 tle of life for himself at a very tender age, and remained in his native 
 county during his youth, where he learned the carpenter and cabi- 
 net maker's trade. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted 
 in the Twelfth Indiana Battery for four years or until the close of the 
 war. After hostilities had ceased he engaged in the fm-niture business 
 at Sulphur Springs, Hem-y Co., Ind., until 1876. He then came to 
 Missouri, and located at Eagleville, where he continued the same busi- 
 ness until the fall of 1879, at which time he established his present 
 furnitiire business in Bethany, which is the leading enterprise of the 
 kind in the city. He owns his building which is a three-story brick 
 
546 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 and basement, and is located upon South Street, near the southwest 
 corner of the public square. While in Heniy County, Ind. , in 1867, 
 Mr. Harvey married Sarah A. Evans, who died leaving one son, Lem- 
 uel A. , who is now living. In 1877 Mr. Harvey became united in 
 marriage with Miss Catherine Yenny, a native of Savannah, Mo., and 
 the mother of one child, Frank M. Mr. Harvey is a Democrat in 
 politics but is conservative in his views. He is an Ancient I. O. O. F. , 
 and the present Eminent Commander of the T. D. Neal Post, G. 
 A. R. 
 
 David Jackson Heaston was born in Champaign County, Ohio, 
 May 22, 1835. In 1839 his father moved with his family to Randolph 
 County, Ind., where he settled upon a farm adjoining Winchester. 
 Here David J. was reared, working on the farm in summer, and attend- 
 ing the district school two or three months during the winter. In 
 1852 he worked with the engineers surveying and constructing the 
 Indianapolis & Bellefontaine Railroad, and in 1854 he helped survey 
 and locate a railroad from Richmond to Fort Wayne, Ind. , now called 
 the Cedar Rapids & Indiana Railroad. In the fall of 1855 he entered 
 the Asbury University, at Greencastle, Ind., where his progress in 
 learning was rapid and highly commended by his teachers, but owing 
 to his limited resources he was obliged to teach school in order to pro- 
 cm-e means to pursue his studies. In the fall of 1857 he entered col- 
 lege at Oxford, Ohio, which institution he attended one year. In 
 1856 he commenced reading law under Judge Jeremiah Smith, at 
 Winchester, Ind., and pursued his legal studies while he was teaching 
 school. In 1858 he was admitted to the bar, and licensed to practice 
 law in the circuit court at Winchester, Ind. In the spring of 1859 be 
 followed Greeley' s advice, and going west spent some time in selecting 
 a location, finally settling at Bethany, Mo., where he was licensed by 
 Judge McFerran in September, 1859, to practice law, and has here con- 
 tinuously practiced his profession ever since. On the 17th of January, 
 1861, he was married to Margaret E. Monson, daughter of Thomas 
 Monson, who was then sheriff of Harrison County. Their maiTiage 
 was blessed with six children, two of whom died in infancy. In 1861 
 he was elected judge of the probate court of Harrison County without 
 opposition, and filled the position very acceptably. He was always a 
 steadfast Union man, and exerted great influence at the commence- 
 ment of the war, urging the people to remain loyal to the Government. 
 In 1861 a newspaper was established at Bethany called the Weekly 
 Union, and at the request of the proprietor he took editorial charge 
 of the paper. He was a clear, terse and energetic writer, and soon 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 547 
 
 placed the paper in the front rank of journalism in MisBOUri. In 1862, 
 when the Enrolled Militia of the county was organized in response to 
 the call of the Governor, he was, without solicitation on his part, 
 elected captain of the first company organized, and when the Enrolled 
 Militia of the county was formed into the Fifty-seventh Eegiment, 
 Eastern Missouri Militia, he was commissioned colonel of the same. 
 He has always been an earnest and zealous supporter of the Demo- 
 cratic party, and for the success of its principles he has spent much 
 time and money. In 1860 he canvassed the county in behalf of 
 Stephen A. Douglas, the Democratic presidential candidate, and has 
 canvassed the county for every Democratic candidate for President 
 since that time. He has been a delegate to nearly all the Democratic 
 State conventions since the war, and in 1872 was a delegate to the 
 Democratic National Convention at Baltimore, and assisted in nominat- 
 ing Greeley and Brown for President and Vice-President. In 1876 he 
 was the elector for his district on the Democratic ticket, and being 
 elected attended the electoral college, and assisted in casting the 
 electoral vote of Missouri for Tilden and Hendricks. In 1870 he pur- 
 chased a press, and started a Democratic paper at Bethany called the 
 Watchman, which he successfully conductedjfor three years. In 1877, 
 the county being without a Democratic paper, he, in connection with 
 B. F. Meyer, a practical printer, established another paper at 
 Bethany called the Broad Ax, which he edited with his usual vigor 
 and ability until 1884, when he sold the press to its present owner. 
 Under his editorial management the Broad Ax acquired a State repu- 
 tation as a fearless and able exponent of the principles of the Dem- 
 ocratic party. In 1878 Col. Heaston was elected to the State Senate 
 by a large majority in the Fourth District, consisting of the counties of 
 Ray, Caldwell, Daviess and Harrison, and represented his district in the 
 State Senate for four years with honor and ability, serving as chairman 
 of the committees on public printing and Federal relations, besides serv- 
 ing on several other important committees. Being an attorney of long 
 standing and good judgment he ranked high in the Senate, and took a 
 leading part in the revision of the statutes of the State in 1879. In 
 the special session of the Legislature in 1882 he prepared and pre- 
 sented the bill to redistrict the State into Congressional districts, 
 which, after a warm struggle, was adopted in the Democratic caucus 
 by a decided majority, and became a law nearly as prepared by himself. 
 Returning home from the Senate he became a candidate for the nom- 
 ination for Congress, and after a lively and interesting canvass he 
 came within a very few votes of receiving the nomination, which, with 
 
548 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 his popularity among the people, would have been equivalent to an elec- 
 tion. During all these years, notwithstanding his editorial labors and 
 official duties and political work and aspirations, he read law diligently, 
 and practiced his profession assiduously. He has been the longest in 
 practice of any attorney in the county, and may well be called the 
 ' ' father of the bar. ' ' He is a man of even temperament, and well 
 adapted to the practice in all of its various branches, being successful 
 in every department. While he makes no profession of oratory he 
 speaks well, is logical and strong in his reasoning powers, and has 
 great influence with the juries where he is so well known. He is a 
 safe counselor, and always makes it a point to advise his clients for 
 their own good and welfare. He tries first to have difficulties settled 
 without litigation, and rarely advises a resort to law until other 
 means have failed, and then only when he believes his client has a 
 good case, or it is his last resort. Col. Heaston is also well known 
 throughout the State as a Mason. He was made a Mason at Win- 
 chester, Ind., in June, 1857; received the Royal Arch Degree at 
 Gallatin, Mo., in 1866; the orders of Knights Templar at Trenton, 
 Mo. , in 1882, and the Council degrees at St. Louis in 1885. He has 
 been Master of his Lodge, High Priest of his Chapter and Commander 
 of his Commandery, and has often represented each in the grand 
 bodies of the State. For many years he was District Deputy Grand 
 Master of his Masonic district, and spent considerable time visiting 
 lodges and teaching the work and delivering Masonic lectures. Since 
 September, 1866, he has been a member of the Christian Church at 
 Bethany, and was one of the building committee when their church 
 edifice was erected, and has always been a good paying member 
 thereof. In all the walks of life Col. Heaston has been an excellent 
 and exemplary citizen, and has done very much to aid and build up the 
 educational, moral, railroad and general prosperity of his county, and 
 is justly held in high esteem by its good citizens. 
 
 Lewis Hefner is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth Hefner, both 
 natives of Virginia, where he was born June 19, 1822. His parents 
 were of German descent. In 1847 he was married to Elizabeth J. 
 Brown, daughter of William L. and Nancy Brown, in Greenbrier 
 County, Va., who bore him nine children: Mary J. (wife of Henry 
 Buzzard, of Harrison County, Mo.), Sally A., Samuel H. , William L., 
 John C. , Benjamin W'. , Washington R., Elizabeth S. and Harvey J., 
 all of Harrison County, Mo. Mi-. Hefner immigrated with his family 
 to Missouri in 1852, where by honest thrift, industry and economy he 
 has succeeded in amassing quite a fortune. He was engaged in farm- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 54:9 
 
 ing and blacksmithing, and at one time owned over 1,500 acres of 
 land in Harrison and Daviess Counties, a large portion of which he 
 has since given to his children. In politics he is a Democrat, and 
 dvu-ing the war was a member of the State Militia, but was never called 
 into active service. He was a member of the presidential reception 
 committee when the President and Mrs. Cleveland visited St. Louis 
 in October, 1887, and was honored by taking a boat ride down the 
 Mississippi with the presidential party. In 1856 Mr. Hefner became 
 a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been an active worker in 
 that order ever since, being now a member of the Blue Lodge, Chapter 
 and Commandery at Bethany, Mo. He is a member of the Cumberland 
 Presbyterian Church, as was also his wife up to the date of her death, 
 which occurred February 3, 1885, at their home in Jefferson Township, 
 where Mr. Hefner with his two daughters, Sally A. and Elizabeth S. , 
 and his son, Harvey J., still reside. He is one of Harrison County's 
 most useful and influential citizens. 
 
 ■; Hezekiah J. Herring, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Ve- 
 nango County, Penn., June 3, 1836, and is the fourth of a family of 
 nine children born unto Samuel and Eliza (Sutley) Herring, natives of 
 Ireland and Germany, and born respectively in 1802 and 1811. The 
 father accompanied his parents to the United States when four years 
 of age, and was married in Venango County, Penn., where he farmed 
 until 1841. They then immigrated to Columbiana County, Ohio, and two 
 years later removed to Hardin County. Eleven years later they went to 
 the State of Iowa, where the father died, aged seventy-two, and the 
 mother still resides. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, as was Mr. Herring, who was a Democrat in politics. Heze- 
 kiah received a common-school education in Hardin County, Ohio, and 
 March 6, 1855, wedded Miss Martha E. Sweeten, a native of Mont- 
 gomery County, Ind. , and daughter of Robert and Sarah Sweeten. 
 In June, 1854, he came to Harrison County, Mo., and until the war 
 lived in Marion Township. October 15, 1861, he enlisted in Company 
 I, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, and after being mustered out at 
 Louisville, Ky. , in 1864 served on detached duty until December 22, 
 1864. He then returned home to farm life, and in 1870 located upon his 
 present place, which contains 360 acres of fertile land. Mr. Herring 
 makes stock raising a specialty, and three years ago purchased from 
 Frank A. Deputy a Hambletonian stallion, at a cost of $1,200; he also 
 owns some fine Shorthorns. He is a self-made man, and one of the 
 most successful stock raisers in this vicinity. He is a Republican, 
 and a member of the G. A. R., Post No. 233, located at Eagleville. 
 To himself and wife seven sons have been born. 
 
550 HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 Pius Higdon is a native of Hardin County, Ky. , and was born 
 July 3, 1843. His father, John Higdon, is of eastern birth, born in 
 May, 1811, and when young accompanied his father to Kentucky, where 
 he married Miss Luvina Cameo, a native of Marion County, and of 
 English descent. He was a farmer all his lifetime, and died in Hardin 
 County, Ky., leaving a widow and six children, all the latter now liv- 
 ing, and residents of Missouri. Two children died during Mr. Hig- 
 don' s lifetime. ISIrs. Higdon died in Harrison County, Mo., at the 
 residence of her daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Miles. Both she and her 
 husband were life-long members of the Roman Catholic Church. Pius 
 Higdon was reared in Washington County, Ky., and at the age of 
 seventeen, his mother being a poor widow, he started to earn his own 
 living. When seventeen years of age he enlisted in Company G, 
 Tenth Kentucky Infantry, under Col. John M. Harland, and served in 
 the war three years, three months and twenty days. He was in the 
 battles at Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, upon Sherman's raid, and at 
 the battle at Kenesaw Mountain. He now receives a pension of $6 
 on account of disabilities. In December, 1864, after his discharge, he 
 returned to AVashington County, which he left on account of the 
 guerrillas, and went to Davis County, Ind. There he engaged in farm- 
 ing six years, and married Miss Catherine ShielifF, a native of Indiana, 
 by whom he had seven children, six now living: Marj- L. (deceased), 
 Annie C, John T. , Joseph J., Charles W., Robert E., and Martin A. 
 In 1870 he came to Harrison County, Mo., where upon April 15, 
 1881, Mrs. Higdon died. December 27, 1882, Jlr. Higdon married 
 Miss Mary E. HUl, a native of Washington County, Ky. , in which 
 State her parents still live, and where she and Mr. Higdon were mar- 
 ried. Three children have been born by this union: Clement A., 
 Catherine A. and Louis R. Mr. Higdon is the owner uf a finely 
 stocked and improved farm of 330 acres in Akron settlement, and 
 is a well-to-do man. He is a Democrat, and has been township 
 assessor and ex officio township clerk seven years. In religion he is a 
 Roman Catholic. 
 
 John E. Hitchcock was born in Hampshire County, Mass., May 3, 
 1836, and is a son of George K. and Electa (King) Hitchcock, natives 
 of Massachusetts, and of English descent. Upon their marriage in 
 Hampshire County, Mass., they located there upon a farm, where 
 they remained about twelve years. In the fall of 1844 they emi- 
 grated to Bureau County, 111. , where the father died in 1855. In 1859 
 the mother and John E. went to Livingston County, 111. , and in the 
 fall of 1870 came to Harrison County, Mo. , where the mother died in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 551 
 
 October, 1875, aged eighty-four years. The father was a stone 
 mason by trade, but his principal occupation was that of farming. 
 He was a Democrat, a member of the Christian Church, and died at 
 the age of sixty-five. His wife was a member of the Cumberland 
 Presbyterian Church. John E. Hitchcock is one of a family of four 
 children, and having been reared upon a farm, has principally spent 
 his life engaged in farming and stock raising. He received a good 
 common-school education during his youth, and remained with his 
 parents until their respective deaths. In the fall of 1870 he settled 
 upon his present home, and is now the owner of 280 acres of 
 good land. For the past thirty years he has acted as public 
 auctioneer for the people within a radius of fifty miles. May 20, 
 1858, he wedded Miss Catherine Hesser, who was born in France, 
 and can converse in three languages. To this union five children 
 — three sons and two daughters — have been born. Mr. Hitchcock is 
 a Democrat, and a man of high morals, although not a church 
 member. Mrs. Hitchcock has united with the Christian Church. 
 
 Ezekiel B. Hobbs is one of a family of twelve children, born to 
 Rev. Solomon and Winifi'ed (Janes) Hobbs, natives of Georgia, who 
 when young went to \^"est Virginia, where they passed the remainder 
 of their lives. The father lived to be sixty-five years of age, and the 
 mother seventy-five, and both were members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, of which the former was a local minister. In 
 politics the father was a Whig. Ezekiel is of English and Scotch 
 descent, and was born in Russell County, W. Va. , in 1822. He 
 received but a limited education, and when a small boy would stand 
 upon a block and strike for his father, who worked some at the 
 blacksmith' s trade. "When nineteen he married Lydia S. Woodward, 
 a native of West Virginia, by whom he had eight childi'en. His 
 second wife, Mrs. Letitia Masingal, bore him one child, and his third 
 wife, Nancy J. Ballew, ten children. At the age of sixty-one he 
 married Buenavista Shirley. In 1851 he traveled a distance of about 
 1,000 miles in forty-one days in a two-horse wagon, and entered 100 
 acres of land in Harrison County, for which he just had sufficient 
 means. He was then ill for nine months, during which time house- 
 hold articles were disposed of to pay the doctor. Despite these 
 adverse circumstances he started bravely to work upon his recovery, 
 and after thirty-six years' residence in one community, engaged prin- 
 cipally in farming and stock raising, has become the owner of about 
 500 acres of land. At the age of eighteen he became a convert to 
 the Methodist faith, and for forty-four years has been class-leader, 
 
552 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 and for twenty-five years a licensed erhorter in that church. All his 
 wives were Methodists. In politics he has always been a Democrat. 
 John D. House, township collector and farmer of Cypress Town- 
 ship, was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1834, and is the eldest 
 of ten children of Edwin and Mary (Grafton) House; the former of 
 German descent, was born in Maryland in 1810, and in 1831 went to 
 Columbiana County, where he married in 1832, and in 1846 removed 
 to Jackson County, where he still resides, following the occupation of 
 farmer and cooper. His wife was born in Ohio in 1814, and is a 
 member — as is also Mr. House — of the Methodist Ej)iscopal Chui-ch. 
 John D. received only a common-school education, and in 1856 married 
 Miss Sallie, daughter of Andrew and Permelia Butcher, formerly of 
 Ohio, where Mrs. House was born in 1840. This union has been 
 blessed with thirteen children, all living in Harrison County: Andrew 
 B., Richard Edwin, Mary J. (wife of William Alden), Ulysses A., 
 James L. , P. C. , Francis M. , Leona O. , John H. , Rosella, Lucinda, 
 Fannie M. and Wiley H. Immediately after his marriage he went 
 to Harrison County, and since 1868 has resided ten miles south 
 of Bethany, where he has a fine farm of 290 acres, the result of his 
 own labor and good management in the occupation of farming. In 
 politics he is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Lincoln in 1860. 
 He has served as justice of the peace for two years, and as collector 
 eight years. Always an earnest advocate for the cause of education 
 and for the general welfare of the county, he enjoys the esteem of all 
 who know him. 
 
 James M. Hughes, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Tazewell 
 County, 111. , December 8, 1852, and is the fifth of eight children born 
 to Robert and Elizabeth (Hance) Hughes. They were of Scotch- 
 English descent, and natives of Cane Ridge, Bourbon Co. , Ky. , where 
 they were married. After their marriage they located upon a farm. 
 Four years later they moved to Tazewell County, 111., where the 
 father engaged in farming, stock raising, and trading until the fall of 
 1856, when he, with his family, immigrated to Harrison County, Mo. , 
 where the father died June 15, 1882, aged eighty-two years, and the 
 mother December 13, 1867, aged sixty -three years. The father was a 
 Democrat, and himself and wife were members of the Christian 
 Church. James M. passed his boyhood assisting his father on the 
 farm and receiving a practical English education. His whole life has 
 since been spent in farming and stock raising, and he now owns 
 upward of 600 acres of land in the home tract, the Valley Grove stock 
 farm. November 14, 1858, in Linn County, Iowa, he wedded Miss 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 537 
 
 Samnel N. Glaze was born in Highland County, Ohio, in March, 
 1843, and is a son of S. H. Glaze [see above]. He spent his boyhood in 
 his native county, and in 1857 accompanied his father to Missouri. 
 During the war he enlisted in Company E, Forty-third Missouri Vol- 
 unteer Infantry under Col. Harding, and served from the 13th of 
 August, 1864, until the last of June of the following year. After 
 returning home he bought a half interest in a saw mill upon Grand 
 Eiver with W. C. Baker, which he operated from 1869 until 1876. 
 He then turned his attention to farming, which has since been his main 
 occupation, although since 1881 he has conducted a flouring-mill in 
 connection with his farm interests. He owns 339 acres of well 
 stocked and improved land in the home place, and forty acres near 
 Madison Township, and is one of the substantial men of the county. 
 April 2, 1873, he married Miss Mary E. Kinion, daughter of John 
 Kinion, of Gainesville [see sketch]. This union has been blessed with 
 four childi-en: Oscar, Bertram, Carl and Cary Austin, who died in 
 infancy. In politics Mr. Glaze is a Republican, and is one of the 
 highly honored and respected citizens of the vicinity in which he lives. 
 
 J. H. Goodwin was born in 1846 in Putnam County, Ind. , and 
 when two years old went to Davis County, Ind., and from there to 
 Monroe County in 1857. January 2, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, 
 Fifty-ninth Indiana Infantry, in which he was corporal, and served 
 until mustered out Jxily 27, 1865, at Indianapolis, Ind. He then 
 came to Harrison County, Mo. , and engaged in farming until 1880, 
 when he engaged in business at Cainesville. June 15, 1881, he 
 embarked in the general mercantile business at his present location in 
 Eidgeway. Although he began life for himself when a boy with no 
 capital, he now owns a fine stick of goods, his store room and eighty 
 acres of well improved land. August 27, 1865, he married Miss Har- 
 riet J. Baker, by whom eight children have been born: Thomas E., 
 Lillie H. , James Guy, Frederick A., Bruce, Mary V. (deceased), 
 Rosa (deceased) and Willie (deceased. ) Mrs. Goodwin is a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Goodwin is a Republican 
 in politics, and has served as mayor of Ridgeway and in several other 
 official capacities. He is the third of four children of Seth and 
 Nancy (Morgan) Goodwin, early settlers of Monroe County, Ind. Mr. 
 and IMi's. Goodwin both died in the fall of 1848 of cholera, and the 
 same disease took away the grandfather and sister at the same time. 
 Mr. Goodwin was about thirty- eight at the time of his death, and he 
 was a son of Seth Goodwin. 
 
 Charles H. Golding, farmer, stock raiser, and by trade a stone 
 
 34 
 
538 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 mason and plasterer, was born in 1838 near St. John, N. B. , and at 
 the age of nine accompanied his parents to Aurora, III. About 1852 
 he went to Lee County, 111., and in January, 1867, to Worth County, 
 Mo., where he settled four miles north of Allendale, and engaged in 
 farming until his removal September 3, 1878, to his present place in 
 Harrison County, Mo. When of age he learned the above named trade, 
 which he has since followed in connection with his farming, and 
 although he began life for himself when but a boy foui-teen years old 
 he is now comfortably fixed upon a farm of his own containing 120 
 acres of good land. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, 
 Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry, and served until mustered out in July, 
 1865. October 8, 1862, he was wounded at Perryville, Ky. , and sent 
 to the hospital at New Albany, Ind. January 1, 1866, he married 
 Miss Helen Morse, who was born near Waterford, N. Y., in 1844, 
 and is a daughter of Merrit A. and Alida (Van Olinda) Morse, also 
 natives of New York, and of English and German descent respect- 
 ively. To Mr. and Mrs. Golding four children have been born: 
 William M., George A., Charles H. and Frank M. Mr. Golding is a 
 Democrat in politics, and in 1878 was elected justice of the peace, in 
 which ofiice he served two years, and then in April, 1881, was 
 re-elected, and also in 1883, after which he served two years, and in 
 1887 was again elected to the same ofiice. He is a Master Mason and 
 his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is the 
 fourth of eleven children born to William and Sarah (Purdy) Golding, 
 natives of New Brunswick and of English descent. The father of 
 Mrs. Golding was a son of Milton and Fannie (Gould) Morse, the 
 former of whom served in the War of 1812. Mrs. Alida Morse was & 
 daughter of Daniel and Eleanor Van Olinda. The father and mother 
 of our subject died January 13, 1883, aged seventy-three, and July 
 20, 1878, aged sixty-five years, respectively. 
 
 David Goueher was born in Ripley County, Ind., in 1830, moved 
 to Kankakee County, 111., in 1852, and in 1855 he came to Harrison 
 County, Mo. , where he has since resided. He started out in life for 
 himself at the age of twenty-two with no capital, but through industry 
 and good business ability has become the owner of 405 acres of finely 
 improved land, and is one of the well-to-do farmers and stock raisers 
 of the county. In April, 1852, he married Miss Susan Stuart, 
 daughter of Hall and Jane (Collins) Stuart, natives of Ohio and New 
 Hampshire, respectively. To Mr. and Mrs. Goueher the following 
 children have been born: Samuel, Bell, Mary, Ella, Albert, Reuben, 
 Melissa (deceased) and William. Mr. Goueher is a Republican in 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 539 
 
 politics, and in the summer* of 1861 enlisted in the Missouri State 
 Home Guards, then served in the Missouri State Militia six months, 
 and March 4, 1862, enlisted in Company G, Sixth Missouri Cavalry 
 as a private. July 22, 1863, he was made second lieutenant of his 
 company, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. His 
 regiment was veteranized in March, 1864, as Company C, Thirteenth 
 Missouri Cavalry, and he commanded in same until mustered out May 
 29, 1865, at Waynesville, Mo. Mrs. Goucher is a member of the 
 Christian Church, and Mr. Goucher belongs to the I. O. O. F. To 
 the parents of our subject, Samuel P. and Jane (Vanzile) Goucher, 
 natives of New York State and Holland, respectively, seven children 
 were born, of whom David is the sixth. The father was a soldier in 
 the War of 1812, and served as county judge of the county in Indiana 
 in which he resided as long as he would accept the office. His wife 
 was a daughter of Abraham Vanzile, and emigrated from Holland to 
 the United States before Mrs. Goucher was grown. 
 
 Nathan Graham was born in Jackson County, Ohio, in 1844, upon 
 the 4th of April, and is the son of Jehiel and Rebecca (Gilliland) 
 Graham, natives of the same county, where they were married. The 
 father was a successful farmer in those days, and died in his native 
 county, where his widow resides upon the old homestead with her 
 youngest son, Willis. Nathan is one of a family of nine children, 
 seven of whom are living. He was reared at home with few educa- 
 tional advantages, and at the age of eighteen enlisted in Company E, 
 Eighty-seventh Ohio Infantiy, in which he served four months, and 
 although he participated in no regular engagement he was taken pris- 
 oner at Harper's Ferry. He was paroled at Delaware, Ohio, and soon 
 after discharged. He then returned home and resumed farming, and 
 in September, 1862, went to Cole County, 111. At the age of twenty- 
 three he was married to Miss Sarah Castor, a native of Allegheny 
 County.Penn., and daughter of Sampson P. Castor, a prominent farmer 
 of Jackson County, but now a resident of Allegheny County, Penn. 
 In 1876 Mr. Graham came to Harrison County, Mo., where he owns 
 293 acres of good land, and is classed among the thrifty and enter- 
 prising farmers of the county. To himself and wife six children have 
 been born: Sampson, Luetta, Jehiel, Bertie, Alfred and Leona. 
 Mr. Graham is a Republican, and a member of the G. A. R. 
 
 Reuben Gray, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Grant Town- 
 ship, was born in Caledonia County, Vt. , October 30, 1839, and is the 
 son of Reuben and Anna (Miles) Gray, who were also natives of that 
 State, and remained there while they lived. The mother died when 
 
540 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 Reuben was onl_y thirteen years of age, and his father shortly after 
 manied again, but the second wife died a few years later. Jonathan 
 Gray, the grandfather of our subject, was of English descent, and a 
 soldier in the Revolutionary War. Owing to the poverty of his parents 
 Mr. Gray was unable to attend school more than a few months, and 
 when thirteen years of age learned the millwright trade. Three years 
 later he went to Illinois, and in 1861 was mamed to Miss SibaA. , 
 daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Meservy, formerly of Vermont, 
 though Mrs. Gray was born in Illinois. This union has resulted in 
 nine children, six of whom are living: Joseph M. , Sylva (dead); 
 Jacob A. , William A. , Hattie S. , Barber E. (dead), Mary E. , Clara 
 Belle (dead), and Siba A. In 1871 Mr. Gray went to Harrison County, 
 where he located near Ridgeway, and managed a saw mill for about 
 two years, also having charge of mills in Grundy, Daviess and Livings- 
 ton Counties; since that time, however, he has devoted all his time to 
 farming, and has about 370 acres of improved land in one farm, 
 besides ninety in other tracts. He has held several township offices, 
 and politically is a Republican, having cast his first vote for Lincoln, 
 in 1860. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and both he and 
 his wife are connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Gray 
 commenced life as a poor boy, and by hard work, perseverance and 
 good management has risen to his present prosperity, and has done 
 not a little for the intellectual, moral and religious development of his 
 neighborhood, having done what he could under his circumstances. 
 
 Jackson Green, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Hocking County, 
 Ohio, in 1825, and is the third and eldest living child of Richard and 
 Mary (Plunk) Green, who had a family of five sons and four daugh- 
 ters. The father was a native of Ohio, and the mother of Pennsylva- 
 nia. Early in life the latter went to Ohio, where she was married, and 
 she and her husband lived until about sixty-four years of age. He 
 was a farmer, a Democrat during his entii-e life, and for some time 
 served as constable. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk War. The 
 mother was a member of the Methodist Church. Jackson Green was 
 reared upon a farm, but received only a limited education as his father 
 lost his property by going security for an acquaintance, and was obliged 
 to abandon the idea of educating his children, and move upon cheaper 
 lands where there were no schools. Upon reaching manhood, Jackson 
 learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked seven years. In 
 1853 he maiTied Esther K. Lowtridge, daughter of Thomas and Cathe- 
 rine (Donahue) Lowtridge, and a native of Athens County, Ohio, born 
 in 1833. Her parents were natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, respect- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 541 
 
 ively, and reared a family of six sons and two daughters. The father 
 was a farmer, and both himself and wife, Methodists. In 1856 Mr. 
 Green came to Han-ison County, Mo. , and located upon his present 
 farm of 516 acres. Mr. Green was very poor at that time, and obliged 
 to make his own furniture, but by persistent efforts and good manage- 
 ment has become a well-to-do man, although at one time he lost $4,000 
 in the manner in which his father lost his property. Previous to the 
 war he was a Democrat, but since that time has been a Repub- 
 lican. In 1861 he enlisted in " Merrill's Horse " or the Second Mis- 
 souri Cavalry, and served over three years as quartermaster and 
 commissary sergeant. He was mustered out at St. Louis in 1864, and 
 is now a member of the G. A. E. 
 
 Isaac Grenawalt was born in Hardin County, Ky., December 20, 
 1817, and is a son of John and Rachel (Logston) Grenawalt, descend- 
 ants of Germany. Upon their marriage they moved to a farm in 
 Hardin County, Ky. Isaac, the sixth child of a family of eleven boys 
 and three girls, worked on a farm until he was twenty, then in the 
 fall of 1837 took a flat boat for New Orleans, La., where he went to 
 work at the carpenter's trade, until the fall of 1839. He then visited 
 Texas, volunteered to fight Indians, and during the conflict received a 
 wound. He was in Texas eighteen months, then returned to New 
 Orleans where he finished his apprenticeship in the summer of 1844. 
 Soon after he went to Nashville, Tenn. , and while there worked at his 
 trade. In the fall of 1845 he retraced his steps to the parental home 
 in Hardin County, Ky. He was absent eight years and six months, 
 still working at his trade. July 8, 1847, Mr. Grenawalt wedded Miss 
 Mary Bunt, after which they commenced housekeeping at Louisville, 
 Ky. He followed his trade until October 26, 1849, when he took a 
 boat for Keokuk, Iowa, moving thence to Jefferson County, Iowa, 
 November 2. He then worked at carpentering, and while there 
 entered eighty acres of land. In the spring of 1855 he sold out, and 
 in the fall of 1855 immigrated to Harrison County, Mo., where he 
 arrived October 17, 1855, and soon entered 160 acres of land where he 
 now lives. Dui'ing the war he belonged to the Home Guards. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Grenawalt have had six sons and three daughters, of whom 
 three sons and one daughter are now deceased. Mr. Grenawalt is a 
 Democrat and a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 
 Mrs. Grenawalt belongs to the United Brethren Church. He is a well- 
 to-do man, and the owner of 240 acres of good land. 
 
 D. M. Greenwood was born March 3, 1837, in Indiana, and is a 
 son of Henry and Margaret (Stoneburner) Greenwood, natives of Vir- 
 
542 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 ginia, and of German descent. The father was a brick-mason by- 
 trade, but made farming his chief occupation. He lived some time 
 in Ohio, and from there went to Indiana. Next he went to Kichland 
 County, 111. , where he engaged in farming until his death . He was 
 a soldier in the war in 1861, serving as bugler, and to himself and 
 wife ten children were born, nine of whom are living, some in Illinois, 
 Missouri and Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Greenwood both lived to the 
 advanced age of sixty, and are buried side by side in Richland County, 
 111. D. M. Greenwood was principally reared in Indiana and Illinois, 
 and when of age began life for himself by driving cattle and break- 
 ing prairie land. He afterward went to Denver, Colo., where he 
 was unfortunate and lost all his earnings. He then returned home, 
 and for about two years worked in a saw mill owned by his brother- 
 in-law. During the war he enlisted in Company E, Sixth Illinois 
 Cavalry, Col. Ben. Grierson's command, under Isaac Gipson, and 
 served three years. He was with Grant during the siege of Vicks- 
 burg, and was mustered out at Springfield, 111., after which he 
 returned home. While at home upon a furlough he was married, 
 August 20, 1863, to Miss Hester Ann Marshall, a native of Benton 
 County, Ky. , and after his marriage lived five years in Illinois. After 
 spending a year in Lafayette County, Mo., he came to Harrison 
 County, where he owns 176^ acres in the home tract and 100 acres 
 in pasture and timber land. His farm is situated in Akron settle- 
 ment. Clay Township, where he is considered one of the substantial 
 farmers. Himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, 
 and seven of their twelve children are now living: Lorenzo S., Mar- 
 garet, Annie, Amy A. , Adam, Eve, Jennie and Claude. In politics 
 Mr. Greenwood is a'Democrat. 
 
 James A. Hagan was born in Grayson County, Ky., September 
 29, 1819, and is a son of George W. and Catherine (Simpson) Hagan, 
 both natives of Kentucky. The father was a soldier in the War of 
 1812 under Gen. Jackson, and passed his life engaged in farming in 
 Kentucky. While upon a trip to New Orleans upon a flat boat he was 
 taken ill and died, his burial place being at the town of Smithson, 
 upon the mouth of the Columbia Kiver. His wife was buried in Har- 
 din County, Ky. ; both were devout members of the Roman Cath- 
 olic Church. James A. is the only survivor of a family of five boys 
 and one girl. He was reared in his native State, and married there, in 
 Washington County, April 5, 1842, to Miss Mary R. Montgomei-y, a 
 native of that county. For twelve years they made Kentucky then- 
 home, Mr. Hagan during that time working at his trade — that of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 543 
 
 stonemasonry — and engaging in farming. In 1853 he immigrated to 
 Knox County, Mo. , where he engaged in the same labor for two years, 
 and in 1854 entered land in Harrison County, Mo. , whither he moved 
 his family in 1855. He now owns 285 acres of finely improved land 
 in Clay Township, Hamson County, and is a well-to-do man. He 
 has greatly assisted in the advancement of the county, has improved 
 several places, served as justice of the peace twenty-five years, and has 
 also been assessor of his township. Himself and wife belong to the 
 Roman Catholic Church, and to their union thirteen children have 
 been born, nine of whom are living: George W., Mary (widow of C. E. 
 Roberts), Charles T. , Matilda E. (widow of Henry Nelson), Annie E. , 
 James R. , Lena R. and Alice A. 
 
 C. T. Hagan was born in "Washington County, Ky., January 17, 
 
 1849, and lived upon his father's farm until twenty-foiir years of age. 
 December 25, 1872, he wedded Miss DoUie Chambers, daughter of 
 Isaiah Chambers, and then lived upon his father's place about six 
 years, after which he passed two years upon Mr. Chambers' farm. 
 He then bought land in Clay Township, and now owns 100 acres in the 
 home tract and 100 acres in Section 1, Clay Township. His wife is a 
 member of the Baptist Church, and he belongs to the I. O. O. F. 
 Lodge at Gainesville, and in politics is a Democrat. To himself and 
 wife four chikb-en have been born, three of whom are living : Orion, 
 Orval (deceased), Benjamin C and Merl. 
 
 James P. Hamilton was born in Green County, Ky. , March 1, 
 1840, and is a son of Dr. John B. Hamilton and Caroline (Sanders) 
 Hamilton. The father was a successful medical practitioner, who 
 came to Missouri about 1846, and died in Daviess County, Mo., about 
 
 1850. By the mother of James P. the following children were born: 
 William H. Hamilton, John B., Oscar and Wood H. By the father's 
 first marriage there are one son and one daughter living: Dr. T. L. 
 Hamilton and Catherine, wife of James Miles. James P. lived with 
 his parents until the death of his father, and at the age of eighteen 
 he become proficient in the tinner's trade. He came to Bethany in 
 1859, and in 1860 started in business for himself in which he was not 
 successful. The same year he met with an accident which caused the 
 loss of his lower right limb. Having accumulated a small amount of 
 money by 1865 he engaged in the hardware business, which for the 
 past twenty years he has continued with success, and although he 
 started with but little capital, is now one of the owners of the largest 
 and best stocked store in his line in Northern MissoiU'i, outside of 
 St. Joseph. The building is a two-story brick including basement, 
 
544 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 and is situated on South Street, near the soulhwest corner of the 
 square. In 1884 Mr. Albert Stubbs became a partner in the business. 
 October 30, 1860, Mr. Hamilton married Collistie E. Allen, a native 
 of Overton County, Tenn., by whom he has four children: Lullie B. , 
 wife of William C. Rose; Lillie G., deceased in 1880; Stephen Earl, 
 Lura and Carl. IVIr. Hamilton is a member of the I. O. O. F. and 
 A. O. U. W. Himself and wife belong to the Christian Church. Mr. 
 Albert D. Stubbs was born in Fulton County, Ind. , September 19, 
 1847, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Toner) Stubbs, natives 
 of Kentucky and Pennsylvania. The father is still a resident of Ful- 
 ton County, Ind. , where Albert was reared upon a farm. At the age 
 of twenty he left home, and after following various occupations in 
 Illinois, came to Bethany in 1870. In 1884 he became a partner in 
 the hardware business of J. P. Hamilton, and is now a member of 
 that well known firm. October 1, 1874, he married Frances McClure, 
 a native of Virginia, by whom four children have been born: Louis S., 
 Bettie E. (deceased 1880), Fred and Glen. Mrs. Stubbs has one daugh- 
 ter by her former marriage with Joseph McClure (deceased). Mrs. 
 Stubbs' maiden name was Ford, and the daughter, Lottie, is now the 
 wife of E. R. Durham. Mi-. Stubbs is a Republican, and has held the 
 offices of township and city collector, and has also been township 
 trustee. He is a member of the A. O. U. Vi'. , and having served six 
 months in the United States army, in Company A, One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, is a member of the G. A. R. 
 Himself and wife belong to the Christian Church. 
 
 Hannibal Harrison, a pioneer settler of Harrison County, Mo., is 
 of English descent upon the paternal side of the family. His great- 
 great-grandfather immigrated to New York State from England, in 
 1720, and worked at the silversmith's trade. He taught the first 
 English school in Schenectady, N. Y. , and was drowned while cross- 
 ing the Mohawk River. The grreat-gi'andfather was a weaver bv trade, 
 and had four sons: Thomas, Herman, Peter and Philip. Herman 
 left three childi-en: Henry, Hannah, and Elizabeth, who lost her life 
 by drowning while upon a pleasure trip on New York Bay. Henry 
 Harrison, the father of our subject, was a native of New York State 
 and his wife of French descent and born in Montgomery County, N. Y. 
 Henry Harrison assisted in laying the townships of St. Lawrence 
 County, N. Y. , and in an early day, 1819, immigrated to Clermont, 
 Ohio, remaining eleven years in that State engaged in coopering. In 
 1830 he went to Kentucky, and for five years engaged in farming in 
 Bracken County. They afterward lived in Decatur County, Ind., for 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 545 
 
 ten years, first locating upon Government land. From there they 
 came to Harrison County, Mo. . 'where both died and were buried. 
 The father was a Baptist, and the mother a life- long member of the 
 Methodist Church. Hannibal Harrison received his early education 
 in Clermont County, Ohio, and became very proficient in mathematics. 
 At the age of twenty-nine he came to Harrison County, Mo., in 
 1845, taught the first school in Clay Township, and has taught school 
 here until the present. In 1853 he moved to the hill near his first set- 
 tlement, and has lived within one mile of his first location since 1845. 
 He was married in Kentucky to Miss Edith West, in 1837, a native 
 of Ohio, who was reared in Kentucky, and whose parents came from 
 New Jersey. For some time he was engaged in haiiling lumber in 
 that State, and then came west. To his union with Miss West eleven 
 children have been born, of whom eight are living: Rebecca, now Mrs. 
 Oxford; Artemitia, now Mrs. Ellis; Elizabeth, now the wife of Sol. 
 Casebeer; Heniy A. ; Napoleon B. ; Angeline, wife of A. Graham; 
 Eliza and Clara D. After residing in Missouri twenty-one years Mr. 
 Harrison took his children to Kentucky to visit relatives, choosing a 
 circuitous route that they might be able to see as much of the country 
 as possible. Mr. Harrison is a well-to-do citizen, and owns a well-stocked 
 and improved farm in Clay Township, which he bought for $100, and 
 which has never changed hands. He is one of the influential men of the 
 township, and served as constable of the township two years, then as 
 treasurer of the township six years, and filled the office of county 
 surveyor twenty years. His mathematical education was largely 
 acquired by self-study, he having mastered the light mathematics 
 without an instructor. He has prepared two keys to arithmetics, and 
 is justly proud of his ability in this line. 
 
 Frank T. Harvey was born in Henry County, Ind. , June 12, 1842. 
 He lost his mother when three years old, and his father, John Harvey, 
 when but ten years of age. He consequently was left to fight the bat- 
 tle of life for himself at a very tender age, and remained in his native 
 county during his youth, where he learned the carpenter and cabi- 
 net maker's trade. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted 
 in the Twelfth Indiana Battery for four years or until the close of the 
 war. After hostilities had ceased he engaged in the furniture business 
 at Sulphur Springs, Hemy Co. , Ind. , iintil 1876. He then came to 
 Missouri, and located at Eagleville, where he continued the same busi- 
 ness until the fall of 1879, at which time he established his present 
 furniture business in Bethany, which is the leading enterprise of the 
 kind in the city. He owns his building which is a three-story brick 
 
546 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 and basement, and is located upon South Street, near the southwest 
 corner of the public square. While in Heniy County, Ind., in 1867, 
 Mr. Harvey married Sarah A. Evans, who died leaving one son, Lem- 
 uel A., who is now living. In 1877 Mr. Harvey became united in 
 marriage with Miss Catherine Yenny, a native of Savannah, Mo., and 
 the mother of one child, Frank M. Mr. Harvey is a Democrat in 
 politics but is conservative in his views. He is an Ancient I. O. O. F., 
 and the present Eminent Commander of the T. D. Neal Post, G. 
 A. R. 
 
 David Jackson Heaston was born in Champaign County, Ohio, 
 May 22, 1835. In 1839 his father moved with his family to Randolph 
 County, Ind. , where he settled upon a farm adjoining Winchester. 
 Here David J. was reared, working on the farm in summer, and attend- 
 ing the district school two or three months during the winter. In 
 1852 he worked with the engineers surveying and constructing the 
 Indianapolis & Bellefontaine Railroad, and in 1854 he helped survey 
 and locate a railroad from Richmond to Fort Wayne, Ind. , now called 
 the Cedar Rapids & Indiana Railroad. In the fall of 1855 he entered 
 the Asbury University, at Greencastle, Ind., where his progress in 
 learning was rapid and highly commended by his teachers, but owing 
 to his limited resources he was obliged to teach school in order to pro- 
 cure means to pursue his studies. In the fall of 1857 he entered col- 
 lege at Oxford, Ohio, which institution he attended one year. In 
 1856 he commenced reading law iinder Judge Jeremiah Smith, at 
 Winchester, Ind., and pursued his legal studies while he was teaching 
 school. In 1858 he was admitted to the bar, and licensed to practice 
 law in the circuit court at Winchester, Ind. In the spring of 1859 he 
 followed Greeley' s advice, and going west spent some time in selecting 
 a location, finally settling at Bethany, Mo., where he was licensed by 
 Judge McFerran in September, 1859, to practice law, and has here con- 
 tinuously practiced his profession ever since. On the 17th of January, 
 1861, he was maiTied to Margaret E. Monson, daughter of Thomas 
 Monson, who was then sheriff of Harrison County. Their marriage 
 was blessed with six children, two of whom died in infancy. In 1861 
 he was elected judge of the probate court of Harrison County without 
 opposition, and filled the position very acceptably. He was always a 
 steadfast Union man, and exerted great influence at the commence- 
 ment of the war, urging the people to remain loyal to the Government. 
 In 1861 a newspaper was established at Bethany called the Weekly 
 Union, and at the request of the proprietor he took editorial charge 
 of the paper. He was a clear, terse and energetic writer, and soon 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. * 547 
 
 placed the paper in the front rank of journalism in Missouri. In 1862, 
 when the Enrolled Militia of the county was organized in response to 
 the call of the Governor, he was, without solicitation on his part, 
 elected captain of the first company organized, and when the Enrolled 
 Militia of the county was formed into the Fifty-seventh Eegiment, 
 Eastern Missouri Militia, he was commissioned colonel of the same. 
 He has always been an earnest and zealous supporter of the Demo- 
 cratic party, and for the success of its principles he has spent much 
 time and money. In 1860 he canvassed the county in behalf of 
 Stephen A. Douglas, the Democratic presidential candidate, and has 
 canvassed the county for every Democratic candidate for President 
 since that time. He has been a delegate to nearly all the Democratic 
 State conventions since the war, and in 1872 was a delegate to the 
 Democratic National Convention at Baltimore, and assisted in nominat- 
 ing Greeley and Brown for President and Vice-President. In 1876 he 
 was the elector for his district on the Democratic ticket, and being 
 elected attended the electoral college, and assisted in casting the 
 electoral vote of Missouri for Tilden and Hendricks. In 1870 he pur- 
 chased a press, and started a Democratic paper at Bethany called the 
 Watchvian, which he successfully conductedjfor three years. In 1877, 
 the county being without a Democratic paper, he, in connection with 
 B. F. Meyer, a practical printer, established another paper at 
 Bethany called the Broad Ax, which he edited with his usual vigor 
 and ability until 1884, when he sold the press to its present owner. 
 Under his editorial management the Broad Ax acquired a State repu- 
 tation as a fearless and able exponent of the principles of the Dem- 
 ocratic party. In 1878 Col. Heaston was elected to the State Senate 
 by a large majority in the Fourth District, consisting of the counties of 
 Ray, Caldwell, Daviess and Harrison, and represented his district in the 
 State Senate for four years with honor and ability, serving as chairman 
 of the committees on public printing and Federal relations, besides serv- 
 ing on several other important committees. Being an attorney of long 
 standing and good judgment he ranked high in the Senate, and took a 
 leading part in the revision of the statutes of the State in 1879. In 
 the special session of the Legislature in 1882 he prepared and pre- 
 sented the bill to redistrict the State into Congressional districts, 
 which, after a warm struggle, was adopted in the Democratic caucus 
 by a decided majority, and became a law nearly as prepared by himself. 
 Returning home from the Senate he became a candidate for the nom- 
 ination for Congress, and after a lively and interesting canvass he 
 came within a very few votes of receiving the nomination, which, with 
 
548 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 his popularity among the people, would have been equivalent to an elec- 
 tion. During all these years, notwithstanding his editorial labors and 
 official duties and political work and aspirations, he read law diligently, 
 and practiced his profession assiduously. He has been the longest in 
 practice of any attorney in the county, and may well be called the 
 ' ' father of the bar. ' ' He is a man of even temperament, and well 
 adapted to the practice in all of its various branches, being successful 
 in every department. While he makes no profession of oratory he 
 speaks well, is logical and strong in his reasoning powers, and has 
 great influence with the juries where he is so well known. He is a 
 safe counselor, and always makes it a point to advise his clients for 
 their own good and welfare. He tries first to have difficulties settled 
 without litigation, and rarely advises a resort to law until other 
 means have failed, and then only when he believes his client has a 
 good case, or it is his last resort. Col. Heaston is also well known 
 throughout the State as a Mason. He was made a Mason at Win- 
 chester, Ind. , in June, 1857; received the Koyal Arch Degree at 
 Gallatin, Mo., in 1866; the orders of Knights Templar at Trenton, 
 Mo. , in 1882, and the Council degrees at St. Louis in 1885. He has 
 been Master of his Lodge, High Priest of his Chapter and Commander 
 of his Commandery, and has often represented each in the grand 
 bodies of the State. For many years he was District Deputy Grand 
 Master of his Masonic district, and spent considerable time visiting 
 lodges and teaching the work and delivering Masonic lectures. Since 
 September, 1866, he has been a member of the Christian Chui'ch at 
 Bethany, and was one of the building committee when their church 
 edifice was erected, and has always been a good paying member 
 thereof. In all the walks of life Col. Heaston has been an excellent 
 and exemplary citizen, and has done very much to aid and build up the 
 educational, moral, railroad and general prosperity of his county, and 
 is justly hold in high esteem by its good citizens. 
 
 Lewis Hefner is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth Hefner, both 
 natives of Virginia, where he was born June 19, 1822. His parents 
 were of German descent. In 1847 he was married to Elizabeth J. 
 Brown, daughter of William L. and Nancy Brown, in Greenbrier 
 County, Va., who bore him nine children: Mary J. (wife of Henry 
 Buzzard, of Harrison County, Mo.), Sally A., Samuel H. , William L., 
 John C, Benjamin W., Washington R., Elizabeth S. and Harvey J., 
 all of Harrison County, Mo. Mr. Hefner immigrated with his family 
 to Missouri in 1852, where by honest thrift, industry and economy he 
 has succeeded in amassing quite a fortune. He was engaged in farm- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 549 
 
 ing and blacksmithing, and at one time owned over 1,500 acres of 
 land in Harrison and Daviess Counties, a large portion of which he 
 has since given to his children. In politics he is a Democrat, and 
 during the war was a member of the State Militia, but was never called 
 into active service. He was a member of the presidential reception 
 committee when the President and Mrs. Cleveland visited St. Louis 
 in October, 1887, and was honored by taking a boat ride down the 
 Mississippi with the presidential parly. In 1850 Mr. Hefner became 
 a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been an active worker in 
 that order ever since, being now a member of the Blue Lodge, Chapter 
 and Commandery at Bethany, Mo. He is a member of the Cumberland 
 Presbyterian Church, as was also his wife up to the date of her death, 
 which occurred February 3, 1885, at their home in Jefferson Township, 
 where Mr. Hefner with his two daughters. Sally A. and Elizabeth S., 
 and his son, Harvey J. , still reside. He is one of Harrison County' s 
 most useful and influential citizens. 
 ', Hezekiah J. Herring, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Ve- 
 nango County, Penn., June 3, 1836, and is the fourth of a family of 
 nine children born unto Samuel and Eliza (Sutley) Herring, natives of 
 Ireland and Germany, and born respectively in 1802 and 1811. The 
 father aceomjsanied his parents to the United States when four years 
 of age, and was married in Venango County, Penn., where he farmed 
 until 1841. They then immigrated to Columbiana County, Ohio, and two 
 years later removed to Hardin County. Eleven years later they went to 
 the State of Iowa, where the father died, aged seventy-two, and the 
 mother still resides. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, as was Mr. Herring, who was a Democrat in politics. Heze- 
 kiah received a common- school education in Hardin County, Ohio, and 
 March 6, 1855, wedded Miss Martha E. Sweeten, a native of Mont- 
 gomery County, Ind. , and daughter of Eobert and Sarah Sweeten. 
 In Jime, 1854, he came to Harrison County, Mo. , and until the war 
 lived in Marion Township. October 15, 1861, he enlisted in Company 
 I, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, and after being mustered out at 
 Louisville, Ky. , in 1864 served on detached duty until December 22, 
 1864. He then returned home to farm life, and in 1870 located upon his 
 present place, which contains 360 acres of fertile land. Mr. Herring 
 makes stock raising a specialty, and three years ago purchased fi'om 
 Frank A. Deputy a Hambletonian stallion, at a cost of $1,200; he also 
 owns some fine Shorthorns. He is a self-made man, and one of the 
 most successful stock raisers in this vicinity. He is a Repiiblican, 
 and a member of the G. A. R., Post No. 233, located at Eagleville. 
 To himself and wife seven sons have been born. 
 
550 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 Pius Higdon is a native of Hardin County, Ky. , and was born 
 July 3, 1843. His father, John Higdon, is of eastern birth, born in 
 May, 1811, and when young accompanied his father to Kentucky, where 
 he married Miss Luvina CaiTico, a native of Marion County, and of 
 English descent. He was a farmer all his lifetime, and died in Hardin 
 County, Ky. , leaving a widow and six children, all the latter now liv- 
 ing, and residents of Missoiu'i. Two children died during Mr. Hig- 
 don' s lifetime. Mrs. Higdon died in Harrison County, Mo., at the 
 residence of her daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Miles. Both she and her 
 husband were life-long members of the Roman Catholic Church. Pius 
 Higdon was reared in Washington County, Ky., and at the age of 
 seventeen, his mother being a poor widow, he started to earn his own 
 living. When seventeen years of age he enlisted in Company G, 
 Tenth Kentucky Infantry, under Col. John M. Harland, and served in 
 the war three years, three months and twenty days. He was in the 
 battles at Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, upon Sherman's raid, and at 
 the battle at Kenesaw Mountain. He now receives a pension of $6 
 on account of disabilities. In December, 1864,*Mfc|his discharge, he 
 returned to "Washington County, which he lefTon account of the 
 guerrillag, and went to Davis County, Ind. There 1^ engaged in farm- 
 ing si^rears, and married Miss Catherine ShielifF, a native of Indiana, 
 by whjifn he had seven children, six now living: Mary L. (deceased), 
 Annie C. , John T. , Joseph J., Charles W., Robert E., and Martin A. 
 In 1870 he came to Harrison County, Mo., where upon April 15, 
 1881, Mrs. Higdon died. December 27, 1882, Mr. Higdon married 
 Miss Mary E. Hill, a native of Washington County, Ky. , in which 
 State her parents still live, and where she and Mr. Higdon were mar- 
 ried. Three children have been born by this union: Clement A., 
 Catherine A. and Louis R. Mr. Higdon is the owner of a finely 
 stocked and improved farm of 330 acres in Akron settlement, and 
 is a well-to-do man. He is a Democrat, and has been township 
 assessor and ex officio township clerk seven years. In religion he is a 
 Roman Catholic. 
 
 John E. Hitchcock* was born in Hampshire County, Mass., May 3, 
 1836, and is a son of George E. and Electa (King) Hitchcock, natives 
 of Massachusetts, and of English descent. Upon their maiTiage in 
 Hampshire County, Mass., they located there upon a farm, where 
 they remained about twelve years. In the fall of 1844 they emi- 
 grated to Bureau County, 111., where the father died in 1855. In 1859 
 the mother and John E. went to Livingston County, 111., and in the 
 fall of 1870 came to Harrison County, Mo. , where the mother died in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 551 
 
 October, 1875, aged eighty-four years. The father was a stone 
 mason by trade, but his principal occupation was that of farming. 
 He was a Democrat, a member of the Christian Church, and died at 
 the age of sixty-five. His wife was a member of the Cumberland 
 Presbyterian Church. John E. Hitchcock is one of a family of four 
 children, and having been reared upon a farm, has principally spent 
 his life engaged in farming and stock raising. He received a good 
 common-school education during his youth, and remained with his 
 parents until their respective deaths. In the fall of 1870 he settled 
 upon his present home, and is now the owner of 280 acres of 
 good land. For the past thirty years he has acted as public 
 auctioneer for the people within a radius of fifty miles. May 20, 
 1858, he wedded Miss Catherine Hesser, who was born in France, 
 and can converse in three languages. To this union five children 
 — three sons and two daughters — have been born. Mr. Hitchcock is 
 a Democrat, and a man of high morals, although not a church 
 member. Mrs. Hitchcock has united with the Christian Church. 
 
 Ezekiel B. Hobbs is one of a family of twelve childi-en, born to 
 Eev. Solomon and Winifi-ed (Janes) Hobbs, natives of Georgia, who 
 when young went to AVest Virginia, where they passed the remainder 
 of their lives. The father lived to be sixty-five years of age, and the 
 mother seventy-five, and both were members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, of which the former was a local minister. In 
 politics the father was a Whig. Ezekiel is of English and Scotch 
 descent, and was born in Russell County, W. Va. , in 1822. He 
 received but a limited education, and when a small boy would stand 
 upon a block and strike for his father, who worked some at the 
 blacksmith's trade. When nineteen he married Lydia S. Woodward, 
 a native of West Virginia, by whom he had eight children. His 
 second wife, Mrs. Letitia Masingal, bore him one child, and his third 
 wife, Nancy J. Ballew, ten children. At the age of sixty-one he 
 married Buenavista Shirley. In 1851 he traveled a distance of about 
 1,000 miles in forty-one days in a two-horse wagon, and entered 100 
 acres of land in Harrison County, for which he just had sufficient 
 means. He was then ill for nine months, during which time house- 
 hold articles were disposed of to pay the doctor. Despite these 
 adverse circumstances he started bravely to work upon his recovery, 
 and after thirty-six years' residence in one community, engaged jsrin- 
 cipally in farming and stock raising, has become the owner of about 
 500 acres of land. At the age of eighteen he became a convert to 
 the Methodist faith, and for forty-four years has been class-leader, 
 
552 HAEBISON COUNTY, 
 
 and for twenty-five years a licensed exhorter in that church. All his 
 wives were Methodists. In politics he has always been a Democrat. 
 
 John D. House, township collector and farmer of Cypress Town- 
 ship, was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1834, and is the eldest 
 of ten children of Edwin and Mary (Grafton) House; the former of 
 German descent, was born in Maryland in 1810, and in 1831 went to 
 Columbiana County, where he married in 1832, and in 1846 removed 
 to Jackson County, where he still resides, following the occupation of 
 farmer and cooper. His wife was born in Ohio in 1814, and is a 
 member — as is also IVIr. House — of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 John D. received only a common-school education, and in 1856 married 
 Miss Sallie, daughter of Andi-ew and Permelia Butcher, formerly of 
 Ohio, where Mrs. House was born in 1840. This union has been 
 blessed with thirteen children, all living in Harrison County: Andrew 
 B., Richard Edwin, Mary J. (wife of William Alden), Ulysses A., 
 James L. , P. C. , Francis M. , Leona O. , John H. , Eosella, Lucinda, 
 Fannie M. and Wiley H. Immediately after his marriage he went 
 to Harrison County, and since 1868 has resided ten mUes south 
 of Bethany, where he has a fine farm of 290 acres, the result of his 
 own labor and good management in the occupation of farming. In 
 politics he is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Lincoln in 1860. 
 He has served as justice of the peace for two years, and as collector 
 eight years. Always an earnest advocate for the cause of education 
 and for the general welfare of the county, he enjoys the esteem of all 
 who know him. 
 
 James M. Hughes, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Tazewell 
 County, 111. , December 8, 1852, and is the fifth of eight children born 
 to Robert and Elizabeth (Hance) Hughes. They were of Scotch- 
 English descent, and natives of Cane Ridge, Bourbon Co. , Ky. , where 
 they were married. After their marriage they located upon a farm. 
 Four years later they moved to Tazewell County, lU., where the 
 father engaged in farming, stock raising, and trading until the fall of 
 1856, when he, with his family, immigrated to Harrison County, Mo., 
 where the father died June 15, 1882, aged eighty-two years, and the 
 mother December 13, 1867, aged sixty-three years. The father was a 
 Democrat, and himself and wife were members of the Christian 
 Church. James M. passed his boyhood assisting his father on the 
 farm and receiving a practical English education. His whole life has 
 since been spent in farming and stock raising, and he now owns 
 upward of 600 acres of land in the home tract, the VaUey Grove stock 
 farm. November 14, 1858, in Linn County, Iowa, he wedded Miss 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 553 
 
 Mary L. Ashlock, who was born in Tazewell County, III. , and is the 
 daughter of James and Belinda (TS'yckofF) Ashlock. To this union 
 there are three childi-en: Mary E. , Alvin L. and George H. (deceased 
 July 31, 1870). Mr. Hughes is a Republican, and himself and family 
 are members of the Christian Church. 
 
 Joseph L. Hunsicker was born in Perry County, Ohio, in 1821, 
 and is a son of Jacob and Eve (Parret) Hunsicker, natives of Virginia 
 and Pennsylvania, respectively. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hunsicker were 
 of German descent, and their respective fathers were soldiers in the 
 Revolutionary War. Jacob Hunsicker was a framer and carpenter, 
 and during the War of 1812 served as quartermaster. Both himself 
 and wife were Christians, and after their marriage moved to Ohio 
 where they died. Joseph L. Hunsicker received a moderate educa- 
 tion during his youth, and also learned the carpenter's and joiner's 
 trade at which he worked about twelve years. In 1846 he married 
 Margaret Hedges, who was born in Ohio in 1820, and by whom three 
 sons and three daughters were born. In 1851 the family moved to 
 Illinois, and after spending six years there came to Harrison County, 
 Mo. , in 1857, where they have since made their home. Diu-ing the 
 Rebellion he offered his services to his country three times (the first 
 times the company was not made up), and being accepted the last time 
 joined Company D, Twenty-third Missouri Volunteer Infantry for three 
 years, but was discharged at the expiration of six months on account 
 of disability. In politics Mr. Hunsicker is a stanch Republican, and 
 has filled several ofiices of trust and honor. He served four years as 
 justice of the peace, two years as township trustee, and is now a 
 notary public. Himself and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and rank among the old settlers and highly respected citizens 
 of this part of the country. 
 
 Charles B. Hunsicker, one of the leading farmers of Hamilton 
 Township, and son of Joseph and Margaret (Hedges) Hunsicker, 
 was born in Pickaway County. Ohio, November 9, 1848. When quite 
 small he was taken to Illinois, and from there brougrht to Harrison 
 County, Mo. His early education was very meager owing to the scar- 
 city of schools and the demand for his services at home, where he 
 remained, assisting his father, until of age. He then attended school, 
 and acquired a practical business education, and started in life as an 
 independent farmer. His father gave him a team, and he bought a piece 
 of land which he proceeded to improve and cultivate. In 1875 he was 
 united in marriage with Jemima T. Loy, who was born in Sangamon 
 County, 111., in 1848, and is a daughter of Willis and L. (Turner) 
 
554 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Loy. Mr. Willis Loy was born in Orange County, N. C, in 1806, 
 and when young went to Adair County, Ky., where he married 
 Miss Turner, a native of that State, in 1829. In 1846 they moved 
 fi'om there to Sangamon County, III., and in 1853 came to HaiTison 
 County, Mo., where Mrs. Loy died in 1876. Mr. Loy is stUl a resi- 
 dent of this county, and a member of the Christian Church, in which 
 faith his wife died. To them ten children were born, of whom four 
 are living. Mr. Loy was formerly a Whig, and cast his first presiden- 
 tial vote for Henry Clay, but is now a Republican. The iinion of 
 Mr. Charles Hunsicker and wife has been blessed with two children: 
 George L. and Gracie May. Our subject and wife are worthy mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics the former is 
 Republican. As a result of his labor and industry Mr. Hunsicker 
 owns a finely improved and stocked farm of 600 acres. 
 
 A. J. Jeffries was born in Fayette County, Ohio, October 8, 1830, 
 and is a son of Isaac and Nancy (Fent) Jeffries, natives of Delaware 
 and Tennessee, and of English and German descent, respectively. 
 They accompanied their parents to Ohio when young, and were there 
 married and engaged in farming in Fayette County, many years. In 
 1858 the father came to Harrison County, Mo. , and made his home 
 with our subject, where he died. The mother lived with A. J. Jeffries 
 until her return to Ohio, where she made her home with her eldest 
 married daughter whom she accompanied to Illinois. She died, and 
 was buried in McLean County of that State. Mr. Jeffries is buried 
 in Mercer County, Mo., near Pleasanton, Iowa. Of a family of ten 
 children, foiu- are supposed to be living; one son in Missouri, one 
 in Ohio, Caleb P. and our subject. A. J. Jeffries, the fourth child, 
 was reared in his native county. At the age of sixteen, not being satis- 
 fied with the management of the farm, he induced his father to allow 
 him to assume the control of same, and for four years managed it 
 successfully. In 1850 he went to California, where he spent two 
 years, and then returned to Fayette County. November 7, 1852, he 
 married Miss Minerva Rupert, a native of the county, and a daughter 
 of Henry and Rachel (Fent) Rupert, natives of Kentucky and Ten- 
 nessee. ]Mr. Jeffries remained in Fayette County two years after his 
 marriage, and then came to Clay Township, Han-ison Co. , Mo. , where 
 he entered 160 acres of land, and has since resided. To his original 
 tract he has since added land until he is now one of the substantial 
 and well-to-do farmer citizens of the county, his property being the 
 result of his own labor and good management. He is not only the 
 wealthiest man of his township, but also one of the first men of his 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 555 
 
 county. He is a Democrat in politics, and during the war served in 
 the home militia, and is an Ancient Member of the I. O. O. F. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Jeffries have seven living children; William H. ; Emily, 
 wife of John Carrico; Louisa J., wife of Newton Brown; Isaac N. ; 
 Rachel I., wife of LeRoy Brown; Delaniel. , wife of William Hamil- 
 ton, and Minnie E. , wife of Sebastian C. Davis. 
 
 Isaac Johns was born in Warren County, Ohio, November 16, 
 1827, and is a son of John and Mehitable (Minton) Johns, natives of 
 Pennsylvania, and of Welsh and English descent. They were mar- 
 ried in Pennsylvania, and then located upon a farm where they 
 remained four years. They then resided in Ohio until 1844, at which 
 time they moved to Indiana, where they died in 1862 and 1874 re- 
 spectively, both having lived to the advanced age of eighty. Isaac is 
 one of a family of sixteen children, and grew to manhood upon his 
 father's farm. He received a common-school education during his 
 youth, and at the age of twenty-two left home and went to Portland, 
 Ind. , where for eighteen months he read medicine with Dr. Sla- 
 ven. In the fall of 1851 he attended a course of lectures, and in the 
 spring of 1852 went to California by water. There he was interested 
 in minino; eighteen months and then turned his attention to the mer- 
 cantile and lumber business. In January, 1857, he returned to Parke 
 County, Ind. , and the following April came to Harrison County, Mo. , 
 where ho has since engaged in farming, and now owns 290 acres 
 of good land. October 20, 1862, he married Miss Matilda A. Dehart, 
 a native of Indiana, who died December 1, 1872, leaving four sons. 
 Mr. Johns was married a second time to Mrs. Charlotte Shaw, whose 
 maiden name was Muir, and who was born in Canada April 11, 1845, 
 whither her parents had emigrated from Scotland when young. By 
 this marriage four children were born; Alice M. , born May 8, 1876; 
 Isaac T., born October 22, 1877; J. N., born August 20, 1879, 
 deceased October 19, 1881, and M. C, born August 7, 1882. Mr. 
 Johns is a Republican in politics. His first wife was connected with 
 the Missionary Baptist Chiu'ch, and his second wife is a member of 
 the sect known as Latter Day Saints. 
 
 James Johnson was born near Lexington, Ky. , March 22, 1820. 
 His father, Travers Johnson, was a son of John Johnson, who was an 
 early settler in Kentucky, and was killed by the Indians in his own 
 house when Travers was a child. The latter grew to manhood, and 
 married Betsey Ann Hardin, a native of Kentucky. He moved to Vigo 
 County, Ind., about 1823, and in 1840 settled in the territory then 
 known as Daviess County, which is now Harrison County. Here the 
 
556 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 father pre-empted land, but afterward removed to Ray County, where 
 he died in 1865. Coming to Missouri when game and wild animals 
 were abundant he became a great hunter, and spent much time kill- 
 ing deer and game. James Johnson came to Missouri with his father 
 in 1840, and about that time married Mahala Spurgeon, who died 
 about five years later. Three childi-en she had borne died also about 
 the same time. After his marriage Mr. Johnson entered eightj' acres 
 of land, and located in Butler Township. He has improved three 
 farms in Harrison County and one in Ray County since coming to this 
 State, and moved upon his present place in 1860. In August, 1861, 
 he enlisted in the Twenty -third Missouri Infantry for three years, and 
 served until discharged for disability, October 8, 1862, at which time he 
 was a sergeant of Company E. He was in a number of minor engage- 
 ments, and participated in the battle of Shiloh, where many of his 
 company were killed and wounded; he, however, was but taken pris- 
 oner, and soon after effected an escape. For some time he lay at the 
 point of death at the Post Hospital at St. Louis. After his discharge 
 Mr. Johnson returned home, and has since been a resident of HaiTison 
 County. February 4, 1846, he married Elizabeth Spxu'geon, a sister 
 of his first wife, and daughter of Amos Spurgeon, a pioneer settler of 
 Missoui'i, who came from Putnam County, Ind. This union has been 
 blessed with four children: Hiram, married, and living in Bethany; 
 William R. ; James H. , and Martha, died aged five. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Johnson are Methodists, and in politics the former has always been a 
 stanch Republican. He is a successful farmer, and resides upon 160 
 acres of well cultivated land, situated three and one half miles from 
 Bethany. 
 
 S. W. Judkins, a prominent farmer of Harrison County, was born 
 February 17, 1834, in Logan County, Ky., and was the eldest of seven 
 children of Samuel Warren and Rebecca (Hines) Judkins. His par- 
 ents were natives, respectively, of Virginia and North Carolina, in which 
 places they were reared, but came with their parents to Logan County, 
 Ky. , where they were married. Mr. Judkins chiefly resided in Logan 
 County until his father's death in 1859. Soon after this the mother 
 started westward with five of the younger children, and located in 
 Golden, Colo., where she is still residing with her son, Charles. The 
 subject of our sketch received only a limited education in the common 
 schools of his native county, went to Marion County, 111. , with the 
 family, when he was about eighteen years old (they resided in Illi- 
 nois about two years), but at the age of twenty pushed still fuiilier 
 west, and settled in Worth County, Mo. , in 1854. After four years' 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 557 
 
 residence there he married, and still remained until the spring of 
 1866, when the family moved to Jasper County of the same State, 
 resided there however only until the fall of 1867, when he came to 
 Harrison County. At first he located on the farm now owned by the 
 Chamberlain heirs, and situated in the eastern part of Washington 
 Township. After one year' s residence on this farm he made his final 
 move to the farm he had purchased, situated in Section 23, Township 
 65 North, Range 29 West, and where he has since resided. Julia, 
 daughter of Philip and Juda (Everett) Hess, was born March 31, 1837, 
 in Lehigh County, Penn. , and accompanied her parents to Clinton 
 County, Ind. , when two years of age. There she was reared and edu- 
 cated iintil 1856, in the spring of which year her parents emigrated 
 westward, and after making a short stay in Iowa, finally settled in 
 Harrison County, Mo. They located on the tract of land now owned 
 by Marion Denton, situated in the eastern part of Washington Town- 
 ship, where they resided until the father' s death. The mother is still 
 living in the same township. Julia Hess was married to S. W. Jud- 
 kins, September 9, 1858, and as a result of this marriage there were 
 eleven children (three dead). The surviving ones are Luther P., 
 James Walker, William T. , Charles Francis, Sherman H., Juda El- 
 len, Lutitia and Frank. Mr. Judkins is a Republican in politics, and 
 cast his first presidential vote for Millard Fillmore in 1856. Previous to 
 the war he was a Democrat, but did not favor the election of Buchanan. 
 Although always a hearty advocate of his party, he has never been a 
 political aspirant, but was, however, elected justice of the peace of 
 Washington Township, and served satisfactorily for one term, but 
 refused re-election. He is a demitted member of Blue Lodge of the 
 Masonic fraternity, though still a full member of Bethany Chapter, 
 No. 80. His wife and two eldest children are members of the Chris- 
 tian Church. When Mr. Judkins first located on his present farm he 
 owned but 120 acres, but by the industry and persistent efforts of him- 
 self and worthy wife he now has a fine farm of 400 acres, the most of 
 which is cleared, and in a fine state of cultivation. The family is a 
 prominent one in the county, and is respected and honored by all who 
 know them. 
 
 George W. Kelly, farmer and stock raiser, Jefferson Township, 
 HaiTison Co. , Mo. , is a native of Greene County, East Tenn. , and son 
 of David and Rebecca (McCoy) Kelly, of the same county and State. 
 The paternal grandfather of our subject was John Kelly, who emi- 
 grated from Ireland to the United States in an early day, and settled 
 in Greene County, Tenn. He was a farmer and school teacher, and 
 
558 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 died in Tennessee about the year 1833. David Kelly was a carpenter 
 and millwright, which trades he carried on for many years, having 
 worked at farming in his younger days. He died about the year 1847 
 or 1848 in Hamilton County, 111., while on a visit to a son. Rebecca 
 (McCoy) Kelly departed this life in Greene County, Tenn. , about 1856, 
 at the age of fifty-six years. She was a devoted member of the Meth- 
 odist Church, and her husband belonged to the Presbyterian denomi- 
 nation. Ml-, and Mrs. Kelly raised a family of eight children, three 
 of whom are now living: Eliza, Margaret, and George Wells, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch. George W. Kelly passed his youth and early man- 
 hood on his father's fai-m, and received his early education in such 
 schools as the country at that time afforded. He remained with his 
 parents until about nineteen years of age, at which time he came to 
 Missouri, and engaged in life for himself as a farmer in Johnson and 
 Pettis Counties. He attended school at intervals for two years, and 
 also taught three terms in the above couilties. In 1846 he returned 
 to Greene County, Tenn. , and for some time thereafter attended Tus- 
 culum College, where he obtained a knowledge of the higher branches 
 of learning. After quitting school he engaged in teaching for a while, 
 and subsequently worked at carpentering and millwrighting, which 
 trades he previously learned with his father and uncles. In 1851 he 
 went to Indiana, and located in Tippecanoe County, where until 1857 
 he followed the carpentering business, teaching school at intervals. 
 In the latter year he came to Harrison County, Mo. , and settled four 
 miles north of Bethany, in Jefferson Township, where he has since 
 resided. He has been engaged in carpentering, teaching and farming 
 since coming to the county, in all of which he has met with encour- 
 aging success. Politically Mr. Kelly is a Democrat, but votes for the 
 man rather than party. He has never aspired to political preferment, 
 but has held several positions of trust, among which were township 
 trustee, township clerk and justice of the peace. He is at this time a 
 strong advocate of prohibition, believing that to be for the best inter- 
 est of the country. On the 8th of April, 1849, Mr. Kelly was united 
 in marriage with Elizabeth Alexander, of Greene County, Tenn., a 
 union blessed with the birth of six children, three of whom, Isabella 
 Angeline, Elizabeth Caroline and George William, are living. The 
 names of the deceased children are James W. , Maria Jane Burgin and 
 an infant, William C. Mr. Kelly is an active member of the Method- 
 ist Church, having identified himself with the same about the year 
 1847. For the last twenty years he has been a licensed exhorter in 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Mrs. Kelly is also a Method- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 559 
 
 ist, having joined the church while quite young. Mr. Kelly began life 
 with no capital but a determination to succeed. He owns at this time 
 a valuable farm, the result of his own enterprise and efforts, and is 
 justly considered one of the representative citizens of Harrison County. 
 
 John W. Kenyon was born in WaiTen County, N. Y. , March 3, 
 1845, and is a son of Phineas and Elizabeth (Ross) Kenyon, natives, 
 respectively, of Rhode Island and Vermont. Phineas was a son of 
 John S. Kenyon, who served through the Revolutionary War. Phin- 
 eas was a soldier in the War of 1812. Elizabeth Ross was a daughter 
 of Samuel Ross, who served in the Revolutionary War as one of Wash- 
 ington's body guard. Phineas emigrated westward from New York, 
 in 1855, and located in Henry County, 111. , where he farmed until his 
 death in September, 1863. The mother died-in Ness County, Kas., 
 on November 29, 1879. John W. is the only child born of this union, 
 although both his father and mother had children by a previous mar- 
 riage, who are now residents of New York State, Vermont and Kan- 
 sas. John W. was reared to manhood in Illinois, and fi-om there 
 enlisted in the Union army in 1862, in Company K, One Hundi-ed and 
 Twelfth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in which, after serving as private 
 over a year, he was discharged on account of disability occasioned by 
 an injury received while in service. In 1868 he came to Bethany, 
 Mo., and engaged in the marble business two years. He then served 
 four years as deputy sheriff and collector and then as deputy county 
 clerk two years. In 1874 he was elected county clerk, and filled that 
 position nearly three years and then resigned. In 1880 he resumed 
 the marble business in Bethany, which is the only enterprise of the 
 kind in the tovro, and in which he is meeting with good success. 
 November 15, 1870, he married Mary A., daughter of M. K. Howell, 
 Esq., who died in 1875, leaving two children: Maud T. and Guy M. 
 October 17, 1876 he was married to Hetta J., daughter of Thomas 
 Bm-ns, of McFall, Mo., formerly a resident of Bethany. To this 
 union two children have been born: Omer J. and Lucy R. Mi'. Ken- 
 yon has always been a Republican in his political views, and has taken 
 an active part in local political affairs. He also served as deputy cir- 
 cuit clerk and recorder from January, 1883 to 1887. He is now 
 deputy sheriff, and clerk and assessor of Bethany Township, and is 
 one of the public -spirited men of the city. He is a member of the K. 
 of P., G. A. R., and a Select Knight of the A. O. U. W. Himself and 
 wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Bethany. 
 
 Thomas D. P. Kidwell, was born October 2, 1824, near Richmond, 
 Madison Co., Ky. , the only son in his parents' family. In the 
 
560 HAKBISON COUNTY. 
 
 autumn of 1835 he moved to Henry County, Ky., where the father 
 was engaged in teaching for two years, but on account of failing 
 health resumed farming in connection with carpenter work. To this 
 occupation Thomas was reared, receiving a limited common-school 
 education, but growing up to habits of true moral worth and energy. 
 October, 31, 1848, he was married to Rebecca E. Magee, daughter of 
 John and Elizabeth Magee, of Henry County, Ky. She was born 
 October 20, 1829, and became the mother of ten children: Livonia, 
 born August 9, 1849, died May 6, 1851; Lemima B. , born July 16, 
 1851, died September 7, 1858; Josephine, born October 13, 1853, 
 married Elijah P. Jessee, April 11, 1872; Ben F. S., bom November 
 12, 1855, married Laura E. Edson, November 24, 1877; Emma F., 
 born February 4. 1858, married John E. Barnes, February 24, 1878; 
 Julia A. born December 27, 1860, married January 10, 1879, to 
 George W. Eberhart (who is now deceased); John Freemont, born 
 November 18, 1862, maiTied Eugenia Hamilton, April 3, 1887; 
 Rebecca E., born March 8, 1865; Alvin P., born January 6, 1868, 
 and OUia Jane, born December 20, 1879. In the autumn of 1855 
 Mr. Kidwell removed from Kentucky to Gentry County, Mo. , remain- 
 ing there until March, 1858, when he located near Martinsville, Har- 
 rison County, and began the improvement of his land, which had been 
 entered in 1854 and 1855. Shortly after his settlement here the war 
 broke out, and during that struggle his actions were ever character- 
 ized by an effort to help those upon whom the misfortunes of war rested 
 so heavily. He also tui-ned his attention to civil affairs, and filled the 
 positions of justice of the peace, assessor, surveyor, etc. In every 
 position of life in which Mr. Kidwell has been situated he has adhered 
 humbly and faithfully to the principles of practical Christianity, the 
 religion which he embraced when seventeen years old. His wife and 
 children are members of the Church of Christ, in which he has served 
 as deacon and also elder. His line farm of 230 acres is well improved, 
 and well stocked. Mr. Kidwell takes an active interest in educational 
 matters, and is ever ready to aid all worthy public improvements. 
 His parents were Benjamin W. and Rebecca (Taylor) Kidwell, the 
 former born June 13, 1801, and the latter October 1, 1804. She 
 died March 20, 1834. The father subseqtieutly married, October 21, 
 1834, Celia Johnson, whose death occurred July 29, 1859; he died 
 July 8, 1858. Mr. Kidwell' s grandfather was Thomas Kidwell, and 
 his father, Jonathan Kidwell, was a Revolutionary soldier. He was of 
 Welsh origin, the family settling in Maryland or Virginia in an early 
 day. Mrs. Thomas Kidwell' s grandfather was also a participant in 
 the War of tho rvovolntion. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 561 
 
 J. C. Kimbrough was bom November 18, 1847, in Edgar County, 
 111., and moved to Harrison County, Mo., in August, 1866, where he 
 has since resided. When eighteen years of age he started out in the 
 world for himself as a day laborer, but has risen in life until he is now 
 • the owner of 200 acres of excellently improved land, which is all the 
 result of his business ability, industry and good management. Octo- 
 bei" 26, 1879, he married Miss Amanda Bondurant, daughter of E. 
 J. and K. M. Bondurant, who bore him two cbildi-en: Charles G., 
 and one who died unnamed. Mrs. Kimbrough died October 21, 1880, 
 and in April, 1882, Mr. Kimbrough was united in marriage with Mrs. 
 Rosanna Giiymon, nee McGowen. Mrs. Kimbrough is a daughter 
 of John and Eunice (Jones) McGowen, and the mother of one child 
 — John V. Kimbrough. Mrs. Kimbrough is a member of the Mis- 
 sionary Baptist Church. Mr. Kimbrough is a Democrat in politics, 
 and is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. He is the third of 
 six children born to Goldman and Pamela (James) Kimbrough, natives 
 of Kentucky and Indiana, respectively. The mother died in June, 
 1857, and the father in 1859 married Miss A. Jane Knight, who bore 
 him five children. He was a carpenter by trade, and served his town- 
 ship in several local offices. He was a son of Richard and Jane 
 (Morrison) Kimbrough, natives of Alabama and Kentucky, resjiect- 
 ively. Richard was a soldier in the War of 1812, under Gen. Jack- 
 son, and was the first school teacher in Edgar County, 111. He par- 
 ticipated in the battle of New Orleans, and was also a soldier in the 
 Florida War. His death resulted from a wound received in the A^'ar 
 of 1812. 
 
 Simon P. King was born in Monongalia County, W. Va., October 
 7, 1827, and is a son of William arnd Celia (Bailey) King, both na- 
 tives of Greene County, Penn. The father came west to Iowa in the 
 fall of 1853, and the following year located in Harrison County. 
 Himself and wife are now residents of Bethany, aged, respectively, 
 eighty -two and eighty- four years. Of five sons and eight daughters 
 born to them, four sons and five daughters are now living : Simon B. ; 
 Frances Marion; Hannah, wife of John Oxford; Irena, widow of Isaac 
 Wheeler; Furtinna, wife of Matthew Hogan,and Elizabeth, wife of John 
 Lark, are residents of Harrison County, Mo. The first named was 
 reared to manhood on farms in Virginia and Ohio, and came west 
 with his parents, wife and family in 1853. He first located upon a farm, 
 five miles north of Bethany, and in 1869 came to the town, where he 
 engaged in the grocery business until 1880. He was then elected 
 treasui'er of Harrison County, and after serving two terms of two 
 
562 HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 years each in a faithful and efficient manner, returned to the grocery 
 business. In September, 1886, he engaged in the retail meat busi- 
 ness in his store one block east of the southeast corner of the public 
 square, where he is doing well. In June, 1847, he mamed Ruhania 
 Dunlap, also a native of Monongalia County, W. Va. , by whom he 
 has three children: Delilah, wife of William J. Taylor; William J., 
 and Mary J., wife of Alexander Jennings. Mr. King is a successful 
 and reliable business man, and in politics is a Republican. Himself 
 and wife belong to the Christian Church. 
 
 Robert D. Kiag, M. D., of Bethany, Mo., was born December 12, 
 1837, in Bale de Vert, Westmoreland Co., New Brunswick, and is a 
 son of Robert and Nancy (Goodwin) King, natives of Canada. 
 Robert D. was reared to manhood, and educated in Canada, and in 
 1860 attended the Portland, Me., Medical School, preparatory for 
 college. From there he went to Philadelphia, and attended the 
 medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, in March, 
 1862, graduating from that institute. He then practiced his chosen 
 profession four years in his native county, and in September, 1866, 
 came to Missoiu'i, practicing in Caldwell County until December, 
 1877, and then coming to Bethany, where he has since enjoyed a 
 lucrative patronage. June 10, 1878, he married Mary, daughter of 
 John S. Allen, of Bethany. Dr. King is a Democrat in politics, and 
 is president of the board of United States pension examiners for this 
 point. 
 
 John Kinion was born in Washington County, Ind. , in 1820, and 
 is a son of John and Mary (Hoggatt) Kinion, natives of North Caro- 
 lina, who were taken to Indiana when children and there reared. 
 After their marriage they spent their entire lives in Washington 
 County, where they died when John was a child. The father was a 
 farmer by occupation, and to himself and wife three children were 
 born: Hester, John and Rebecca, of whom John is the only survivor. 
 John Kinion, Jr., was reared in the Quaker faith, and lived with his 
 mother's people until February 29, 1844, when he was married to 
 Artemecia B. Freeman, by whom he had nine children, seven now 
 living and all save the eldest son, who resides in Wyoming, liv- 
 ing in Missoui-i. Mr. Kinion remained in Washington County, Ind., 
 until 1847, then removing to Wapello County, Iowa. In 1856 he 
 came to Harrison County, Mo. , where he now owns a good farm of 
 200 acres in Madison Township, 140 being imder good cultivation. 
 Mrs. Kinion was a member of the United Brethern Chiuch, and died 
 in Harrison County, in 1870, being buried in Mount Pleasant Ceme- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 563 
 
 tery. Three years later Mr. Kinion married Mrs. Nancy Young. 
 During the war Mr. Kinion enlisted in Company E, Missouri State 
 Militia, Col. King's command. In February, 1863, his company was 
 transferred to the Sixth, previous to which it participated in the 
 battle at Springfield, and afterward in several skirmishes. He was dis- 
 charged in December, 1863, on account of physical disability. Since 
 the war Mr. Kinion has been a Republican in politics, and is a member 
 of the G. A. R. He is united with the Methodist Church at present. 
 
 William Knott was born in December, 1821, in Fayette County, 
 Ind., and, at the age of nineteen moved to Randolph County, Ind. , 
 where he was married, and ten years later moved to Tazewell Coimty, 
 111. , where he became a prominent citizen, taking an active part in 
 the upbuilding of the town of Delavan, and being the foremost man 
 in securing the county fair at that town. He moved to HaiTison 
 County, Mo., in January, 1881, and engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness at Hatfield for four years, since which time he has been interested 
 in farming and stock raising. AVhile in Delavan, 111. , he was quite 
 an extensive shipper and buyer of stock, and a member of the firm of 
 Knott & Snideker, harness and saddle manufacturers. He began life 
 for himself at the age of nineteen with no capital, but has so well suc- 
 ceeded in his business ventures that he is now the owner of 1,100 acres 
 of well improved land in Harrison County, and also owns some valu- 
 able town property in Delavan. September 9, 1842, he maiTied Miss 
 Margaret Clark, a native of Randolph County, Ind., and a daughter 
 of John Clark, who married a Miss Huffman. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Knott seven children have been born: Smith A., MaryE., John L. , 
 Andrew J. , William C. , Franklin (deceased) and Charles H. Mr. 
 Knott is a Democrat in politics, and has served as school director at 
 Delavan and other places where he has made his home. He is a 
 Master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Christian 
 Chiu'ch. He is the second of nine children born to Ephraim and 
 Agnes (Hyers) Knott, natives of Pennsylvania and New York. The 
 father was a soldier in the Mexican War, and a son of William and 
 Sarah Ann (Peyton) Knott, who were of German descent. William 
 Knott was a soldier in the War of 1812 and the Revolution. The 
 maternal grandparents of our subj ect, William and Sarah Ann Hyers, 
 were natives of New York State. 
 
 John W. Lark was born in Canton Berne, Switzerland, June 26, 
 1829, and is the son of Anton and Elizabeth Christine Lark, the 
 former of whom died when John W. was but four years old. Brought 
 up by his kind and affectionate mother he received a common-school 
 
564 HAKRISON COUNTY. 
 
 education, and remained at home until his mother's death, at which 
 time he was eighteen years of age. Subsequently he was occupied in 
 working upon farms, and at the age of twenty, in accordance with the 
 laws of his country, served as a soldier. In 1854 he sailed for America, 
 landing at New York, and removing thence to Ohio where he resumed 
 agricultural pursuits. In 1856 he removed to Missouri, locating near 
 St. Joseph, where for a while he was occupied in hauling rock to that 
 city. In the meantime he had entered 160 acres of Government 
 land in Harrison County, to the improvement of which he now turned 
 his attention. July 1, 1860, he married Miss Elizabeth King, who 
 was born September 20, 1844, in Virginia. She removed with her 
 parents to this county in 1854. Some time after his marriage Sir. 
 Lark became a true citizen of the United States by taking out his 
 naturalization papers. In 1864 he changed his religious views from 
 the Lutheran faith in which he had been reared to the faith of the 
 Christian denomination. In 1865 he disposed of his old homestead, 
 and pui'chased over 400 acres near Eagleville, HaiTison County, upon 
 which he now resides. To Mr. Lark and wife seven sons and six 
 daughters have been born: Christine S., born June 26, 1861; Mary 
 F., born November 27, 1863, died when nine years old; William S., 
 born January 29, 1866; John H. , born February 14, 1868; Simon 
 Peter, born February 23, 1870; Libby F., born February 10, 1872, 
 died when one year old; Jacob S. , born January 8, 1874; Wilda M., 
 born September 13, 1876; Bertha A., born November 16, 1878; Eosa 
 B., born September 19, 1879; James A., born December 12, 1881; 
 Nora E., born March 16, 1883: Frederick G., born August 4, 1886. 
 
 "Wesley Leazenby was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1832, 
 and is a son of Joshua and Lucinda (Toothaker) Leazenby. The father 
 of the former, Thomas Leazenby, was born in Dublin, Ireland, and was a 
 soldier in the Revolutionary War. Joshua Leazenby' s birth occurred 
 near Harper' s Ferry, Va. The mother was born in the northeastern por- 
 tion of Ohio. The father was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal 
 Chiu'ch, and when a boy went to Pickaway County, Ohio, where he 
 farmed in connection with his ministerial duties for many years. He 
 was married in that county, and there both himself and wife died, the 
 latter surviving her husband nearly half a centuiy, and never again 
 marrying. Wesley was reared under the parental roof, and at the 
 age of eighteen went to Miami County, Ind. , and a year later returned 
 to Ohio, and with his youngest brother purchased the old homestead. 
 In 1854 he was married to Miss Celia Lima, a native of that county, 
 and daughter of Harrison and Jincy Lima. In 1855 Mr. Leazenby 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 565 
 
 started west in search of a new home, and first went to Wapello 
 County, Iowa. After voting for Fremont in 1856 he came directly to 
 Harrison County. Mo. , which has since been his home. In 1862 he 
 enlisted in the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, Col. Cathwood's command, 
 imder Capt. Page, and was wounded in the battle of Painter Creek 
 on August 8, 1862, by some of Porter's men. Having been shot 
 through the shoulder he has since been unable to work, and for his 
 disability di'aws a pension of $12 per month. After receiving his dis- 
 charge in 1863, he returned home, where he now has a well stocked 
 and improved farm in Madison Township. The home place contains 
 320 acres, foiu- miles south of Gainesville, and altogether he owns 
 nearly one section, all in Harrison County. To himself and wife six 
 children have been born, four of whom are living: Mary L., Jincy E., 
 Ulysses Grant and John W. The two eldest are married. In politics 
 Mr. Leazenby is a Republican. 
 
 H. C. Lessley was born in Augusta County, Va. , May 9, 1834, 
 and is a son of James and Mary (Crawford) Lessley, who were of 
 Irish and Scotch descent, and were married in Virginia, where the 
 father passed his life engaged in farming. He was a soldier in the 
 Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and to himself and wife ten 
 children were born, of whom seven are living, all save our subject 
 being residents of Virginia. The father was an extensive land holder, 
 an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church, and lived to the age 
 of eighty-five years. The mother was one hundred years of age upon 
 her last birthday, and is still living in Augusta County, Va. , which 
 was her native county. She has been a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church seventy-five years. H. C. Lessley remained at home until 
 sixteen years of age, and then began life for himself with 62J cents in 
 money, by working at his trade, that of a printer. He was thus 
 engaged in Staunton, Augusta County, for about five years, and then 
 finding that a sedentary life was ruining his health, began the study 
 of surveying, which, however he never practiced. In 1856 he went 
 to Poweshiek County, Iowa, and ten months later came to Harrison 
 County, Mo., where in 1857 he entered 400 acres of land which he 
 proceeded to improve. August 24, 1861, he enlisted in Company D, 
 Twenty-third Missouri Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 Merritt Lewis, a citizen of Bethany, Mo. , is a son of Samuel and 
 Susan (Wise) Lewis, natives of North Carolina and West Virginia, 
 respectively, and was born March 12, 1839. The father moved to 
 Indiana with his family about 1841, where he died. Merritt grew to 
 manhood in Indiana and Illinois upon farms, and during the Rebellion 
 
566 HARKISON COUNTY. 
 
 enlisted in Company E, Fifty-lirst Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in 
 which he served four years as a private and non-commissioned officer. 
 In 1865 he came toMissoari, and located in Harrison County, where he 
 has since made his residence, engaged in farming and stock-raising 
 very successfully. He owns a fine farm of 240 acres in Bethany 
 Township, located one mile south of the town, in which he resides, 
 and also is the owner of other valuable farming land, and several 
 pieces of good town property. He is a self-made man, having com- 
 menced life with but little means, and by his own unaided efforts suc- 
 ceeded in accumulating a handsome competency. Mr. Lewis was 
 married in this county to Mary J. Copeland, a native of Ohio, which 
 union has been blessed with four children, now living: Charles, John 
 Claude, Bert and Grace. Mr. Lewis is a Republican in politics. He 
 is a Master Mason, and is classed among Harrison County' s prosperous 
 business men. 
 
 John Lilly was born in Ross County, Ohio, in 1833, and is a 
 son of John and Rebecca (Storm) Lilly, natives of Virginia and 
 Ohio, respectively. The father gave his attention to farming as 
 an occupation, and when a young man went to Ohio, where he was 
 married about 1808. From there he went to Indiana, and then to 
 Illinois, where he assisted in the war against the Mormons. He then 
 went to Livingston County, Mo., where he died in 1863. He was a 
 strong Union man diiring the war, and for the preservation of the 
 Union spent much time and money. He was an earnest worker in the 
 Christian Church, to which he gave three acres of land in Livingston 
 County, where he is now buried, and upon which the Lilly Grove 
 Church is erected. He died at the age of fifty-seven, and was shortly 
 after followed by his widow, who had removed to Jamesport, Mo. 
 Her maiden name was Rebecca Matthews, and her union with Mr. 
 Lilly was his second marriage. Four of his sons now live in Missouri, 
 and one daughter resides in Illinois. John Lilly, Jr. , was reared in 
 Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and while in the last named State mar- 
 ried Miss Ai'timissa Westfall, a native of Adams County, 111., and 
 daughter of Alfred Westfall, a prominent farmer of that county. 
 Mr. Lilly remained in Illinois until 1856, with the exception of a trip 
 to Iowa, and then moved to Livingston County, Mo., and later came 
 to Harrison County, where he owned some property. March 29, 1862, 
 he enlisted in Company G, Sixth Cavalry, Col. E. C. Cathwood's com- 
 mand, and served three years. He fought at Yellow Creek, Jefferson 
 City, Boonville, Independence, Big Blue, Little Osage, and New- 
 tonia. After his discharge Mr. Lilly returned home and engaged in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 567 
 
 farming and stock raising. He now owns a fine farm of several hun- 
 dred acres, and is one of the successful men of the township. To 
 himself and wife nine children have been born, eight of whom are 
 living: Angeline, Anna, Mary E. , John A., Joseph M., Clara E., 
 Catherine A. and Kosa. Charles W. is deceased. Five of the 
 children are married and living in Harrison County, and the remain- 
 der are at home with their parents. Mr. Lilly is a member of the 
 Christian Church. 
 
 John Linthacum was born in Wayne County, 111., in 1845, and is 
 the eldest of eight living children of Thomas and Mary E. (Crews) 
 Linthacum. The father was born in Bullitt County, Ky. , in 1821, 
 moved to Wayne County, 111., in 1824, and to Harrison Coimty, Mo., 
 in 1855. He is a self-made man, and owns a farm of 240 acres, upon 
 which he resides. His wife is a daughter of William and Catherine 
 (Shaw) Crews, natives of Tennessee and Kentucky, respectively, and 
 is the mother of the following ten children: John, Marshall, Francis, 
 Julia A. (deceased), Julia A., Martha (deceased), Mary, Ida B., and 
 William (twins) and Elizabeth. The paternal grandparents of our 
 subject, Thomas and Parmelia (Wood) Linthacum, were natives of 
 Maryland and Kentucky, respectively. The former was a captain of 
 a company of Kentucky State militia for many years, and was also 
 captain of a ship which ran between Anne Arundel County and Balti- 
 more. John Linthacum moved to Harrison County, Mo., in 1853, and 
 has since made this county his home. He began life when of age, in 
 very moderate circumstances, but through industry, business ability 
 and good management is now the owner of a splendidly imjjroved 
 farm of 772 acres. He received a common-school education durincr 
 his youth, and in 1866 was married to Miss Mary K. E. Bondurant, 
 daughter of E. J. and Kiziah M. (McGee) Bondurant, and by whom 
 five children have been born: Stella, Charles, Walter, Luther B., and 
 Ira. Mr. Bondurant is a native of Shelby County, Ky. , and about 
 1852 settled in Harrison County, Mo. , where he now owns a good farm of 
 630 acres. Mr. John Linthacum is a Republican in politics, and was 
 elected county surveyor in 1884. He has also served as justice of the 
 peace, and was the first township clei'k under the township organiza- 
 tion. During the Rebellion he enlisted in the United States army, but 
 was never called into active service. Himself and wife are members 
 of the Christian Church. 
 
 John W. Lovelaud, an enterprising citizen of Harrison County, was 
 born in Berkshire County, Mass., September 11, 1821, and is the son 
 of Alfred and Polly (Russ) Loveland, who were natives of Connecticut. 
 
568 " HAKEISON COUNTY. 
 
 The Loveland and Riiss families moved to Berkshire County, Mass. , 
 and were still residing there when Alfred L. and Polly R. were mar- 
 ried. He was a farmer and shoemaker. For many years he and his 
 ■wife were members of the Methodist Church. He died in Hinsdale, 
 Berkshire County, at the age of seventy-five, while his wife lived to the 
 advanced age of ninety-seven years. To this union were born eleven 
 children, six of whom are now living. At the age of six years John 
 Vi". was thrown upon his own resources, and was first taken by Amos 
 Raymond to raise, with whom he lived until he was past eighteen 
 years old, when he concluded he was not justified in endirring the ill 
 treatment he was constantly receiving, and ran away to Dalton, in the 
 same coiinty, where he went into a blacksmith shoj^, and commenced 
 to learn the trade. He remained here one winter, then engaged in 
 farming and lumbering, in which he continued until twenty-seven 
 yeai's old, when he married Amelia Shepard, who was born in Berk- 
 shire County, Mass., December 4, 1824, and is the daughter of Nar- 
 cissus Shepard. This happy union has resulted in one son, Monroe 
 C. , who was born March 20, 1850, who is now living with his father, 
 and engaged with him in extensive farming and stock raising. He 
 married Claribel Torrey, who was born in Williamstown, Mass., in 
 1853. She was the daughter of Myron Torrey, and died in 1884. 
 AVhen married first John W. Loveland moved to Williamstown, and 
 purchased a small farm upon which he continued to live for seven 
 years, when he sold it, and rented land until 1868, when he started 
 west in search of a home, locating in Harrison County on the farm 
 upon which he now lives, but which at that time had but very little 
 improvement, was entirely unimproved and covered with brush 
 and timber. Although Mr. Loveland has never aspired to office, 
 he has always been a hearty supporter of the Republican party. 
 He is an example of what a firm determination to succeed, coupled 
 with natural ability, will accomplish. Having very limited oppor- 
 tunities for an education, he read and observed closely, and this, 
 united with his energy and perseverance in business (aided also by 
 his estimable wife), has brought him to his present position. He and 
 his son are the owners of one of the finest located and best improved 
 farms in the county. The citizens of the county are indebted to him 
 for excellent roads in his neighborhood, also the bridge across Bridge 
 Creek, and he is one of the most respected men in the county. 
 
 A. & S. McClure are the proprietors of the Roller MUls and Card- 
 ing Machine at Bethany, Mo. , which are operated under the firm name 
 of J. B. McClure & Sons. The father was a native of Ohio, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 569 
 
 came to Missouri in 1839. He purchased the above mill in 1878, 
 which since his decease in 1883 has been under the control of his 
 three sons. The mother, Martha (Williams) McClure, was also born 
 in Ohio, and is the mother of thirteen children, five of whom are 
 deceased. Those living are Andrew, husband of Elizabeth (Srubb) 
 McClure, and father of four childi-en; Sparks, who married Minerva 
 B. Higgins, who bore three children ; I'rank, who married Clementine 
 Osburn, who has two living children and has lost one; Alexander, 
 who married Sarah Kamsey, who bore him nine children, eight of whom 
 are now living: Elkanah, who married Mary Ward, who bore him 
 eight children; Mary J., deceased wife of Henry Lewis, who left 
 three children ; Ruth, widow of John Slinger, wife of Sol. Weary and 
 mother of five children; Elizabeth, wife of G. H. Hughes, mother of 
 eight children; and Mahala, wife of Jackson Moore, and mother of 
 five children, two of whom are dead. J. B. McClure served as a 
 lieutenant in the War of the Rebellion in the Union army, in which 
 his sons, Andrew and Elkanah, were also soldiers. The men of the 
 family are all Republicans in politics. 
 
 Michael McCullum, born in Sullivan County, Mo., October 6, 1851, 
 is a son of Alexander McCullum, a prominent farmer citizen of Jef- 
 ferson Township, Hamson Co. [see sketch]. Michael accompanied 
 his father to Harrison County, Mo., in 1853, where he was reared 
 upon a farm, and secured a good common-school education in his 
 youthful day§. He taught school in early life, and in 1876 came to 
 Bethany Township, where he was employed in the capacity of clerk 
 in various kinds of business for several years. In July, 1880, he 
 entered the Bethany Savings Bank as clerk, and in December, 1881, 
 was promoted to the ofiice of cashier, which position he still holds. 
 February 9, 1879, he was married to Miss Laura E. Weary, a native 
 of Wisconsin, and daughter of Solomon Weary of this county. Mrs. 
 McCullum has borne one son — Ernest — now deceased. Mi-. McCul- 
 lum is a Democrat in politics, and a hearty worker for the temperance 
 cause. Himself and wife are members of the Cumberland Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 W. G. McDonald is of Scotch and Irish origin, was born in Mus- 
 kingum County, Ohio, November 10, 1846, and is a son of William 
 and Sarah (Leach) McDonald. The father was born in Scotland, and 
 came to America with his parents when a child, settling first in New 
 Jersey and next in Ohio. He learned the stone mason's and plaster- 
 er's trades in New York City, and followed the same in Ohio about 
 thirty years. Both himself and wife lived to an advanced age, and 
 
 36 
 
570 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 their seven children are all living and married. Both were members 
 of the United Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. McDonald was a 
 Republican. W. G. McDonald was reared and received his early edu- 
 cation in Concord, Muskingum Co., Ohio. Later he attended the 
 Muskingum College, and taught district schools in his native county. 
 He studied law two years with Hiram Skinner at Cambridge, Guern- 
 sey County, Ohio, where he was admitted to the bar. He came to 
 Harrison County later, but his limited means compelled him to teach 
 school, and he abandoned his chosen profession. Afterward he 
 clerked for J. H. Burrows & Co., and for the last seven years has been 
 engaged in the mercantile business at Cainesville, and at present is a 
 partner in the firm of L. M. Wickersham &, Co. In 1872 he was 
 united in marriage with Miss Rose Frazier, of Akron, Harrison Co. , Mo. , 
 and a daughter of David Frazier (deceased). Mrs. McDonald died in 
 1880, leaving two children — Minnie and Clara. In May, 1884, Mr. 
 McDonald married Miss Eleanor McGee, a native of Ohio, and a 
 daughter of Richard McGee (deceased). This marriage has been 
 blessed with one child — Nellie. Besides his' mercantile interests Mr. 
 McDonald has a farm of 135 acres, and owns other real estate. He is 
 a Republican in politics. 
 
 W. C. McKiddy was born in Knox County, Ky. . February 3, 1835, 
 and is one of a family of eight children (six now living) born to John 
 H. and Bersheba (Fuson) McKiddy. The father was born in Whitley 
 County, Ky. , the mother in North Carolina, and in an early day 
 removed to Knox County, Ky. , where they were married about 1834. 
 Mr. McKiddy was one of the enterprising and active farmers of that 
 place, where he lived until his death in 1849, at the age of forty. The 
 widow continued to live upon the farm there for nine years, and then 
 immigrated with her family to Mercer Coimty, Mo. , at which place her 
 death occurred in 1865. She was a worthy and consistent member of 
 the Baptist Church. "W. C. McKiddy was twenty years of age at the 
 time of his mother's death, and during his youth had received a good 
 common-school education. He farmed in Mercer County until 1870, 
 and then engaged in school teaching for a livelihood for five years, two 
 years of his labor being spent in Cainesville, Han-ison County, and the 
 remainder in Mercer County. In 1883 he embarked in the hardware 
 business at Cainesville, in partnership with Hon. Joseph H. Burrows, 
 and is still successfully engaged in that line of business. May 10, 
 1883, he was united in marriage with Miss Ida B. Chambers, daugh- 
 ter of John Q. Chambers [see sketch]. This union has been blessed | 
 with two children, John Harvey and Addie Belle. Mr. McKiddy is a I 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 571 
 
 member of the I. O. O. F. , and a Republican in politics. On the 
 2d of August, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, Fourth Missouri 
 Infantry, Col. Bradshaw's command, under Capt. Rogers, and served 
 until mustered out, August 15, 1865. Among other engagements he 
 participated in the battles at Franklin, Tenn. , Nashville, Tenn., 
 and ]\Iobile, Ala. 
 
 McMillen Brothers, merchants of New Hampton, Mo. , are among 
 the enterprising and substantial business men of Harrison County. 
 They commenced business with limited means in 1883, but by honest 
 dealing and strict attention to business have established themselves 
 permanently in the trade, and are recognized as one of the best firms 
 in New Hampton. Albert McMillen, the senior partner, was born in 
 Gentry County, Mo., June 6, 1860, and spent his early years upon a 
 farm, and during his youth received a common-school education, 
 which was supplemented with private instruction at home. At the 
 age of sixteen be began to teach, which he continued a number of 
 terms, devoting all his leisure to study, and thus attaining an educa- 
 tion equal to that of some who have had the advantage of a college 
 education. He is a proficient Latin scholar. In 1879 he went to 
 Colorado, but returned home the latter part of 1880. In 1881 he 
 came to New Hampton, and worked in the store of I. N. Carson, for 
 two years, or until the above named business was established in Sep- 
 tember, ] 883. He was here married August 30, 1883, to Miss Iva M. 
 Yocum, daughter of W. S. Yocum, of Harrison County. This union 
 has been blessed with two children: Lnda S. and Gracia Pearl. Mr. 
 McMillen is a member of the K. of P. with the rank of Past D. D. G. 
 C. , and an active worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church, also super- 
 intendent of a Presbyterian Sunday-school. P. H. McMillen is also 
 a native of Gentry County, and was born October 13, 1857. He, like 
 his brother, passed his youth upon the farm and also went west, where 
 he spent eighteen months in Montana, near Deer Lodge, handling 
 stock. He returned to Missouri the latter part of 1882, and the next 
 year became one of the present firm of McMillen Bros. The father 
 of our two subjects, Jonathan McMillen, was born in Kentucky, and 
 was twice man'ied, his second wife being the mother of A. and P. H. 
 McMillen. Her maiden name was Sarah Vest, and she is a daughter of 
 Thomas Vest, of Rome, Ind. Jonathan McMillen moved from Indi- 
 ana to Missouri, about 1855, and located in Gentry County, where he 
 engaged in farming until his death March 29, 1870, at his home near 
 Darlington, Mo. He reared a family of eight children, three of whom 
 are yet living: Albert, P. H. , and John D., who resides in Boone 
 County, Mo. 
 
572 HAKRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Thomas il. McAVhinney, a well-to-do farmer of HaiTison County, 
 was born in Derry County, Ireland, February 24, 1837. His parents, 
 Wilson and Hester (McKee) McWhinney, came to America about 1843) 
 and for six years lived in Brooklyn, after which time they moved to 
 Bristol, Penn. Next they lived two years in Macon County, 111. , and 
 then passed ten years in Carroll County. While in Brooklyn, where 
 the mother died, the father worked in a seed garden, and in Illinois 
 engaged in farming. He was married a second time while in Bristol, 
 Penn., and then moved to Nebraska, where he now lives with a daugh- 
 ter. Thomas M. is one of a family of eight children, and during his 
 early youth received a common-school education at Bristol, Penn. At 
 the age of sixteen he accompanied his father to Illinois, and assisted 
 him in his farm labor. At the age of twenty-two he began life for 
 himself, and in May, 1884, married Miss Electa Strock, a native of 
 New York State, who is his present wife. After becoming twenty-two 
 years of age, he farmed two years in Macon County, 111. , and then 
 moved to Carroll County, where he followed agricultural pursuits 
 until March, 1885. He then came to Harrison County, Mo., and 
 located upon and purchased the farm where he now resides, which is 
 a well cultivated and improved 160-acre tract. Mr. McWhinney is a 
 stanch Eepublican in politics. 
 
 Oliver C. Macy, treasurer and ex officio collector of Harrison 
 County, Mo., was born in Davis County, Iowa, October 6, 1849, and 
 is a son of Riley and Amanda (McCullough) Macy. The father was 
 a pioneer settler of Davis County, Iowa, and btiilt the first frame 
 house there at a time when the Indians inhabited the country. He 
 died there in the fall of 1851, and the mother subsequently married 
 Wesley Young, with whom she is still living in Davis County. To 
 her first marriage five children were bom: John, Allen, Reuben, 
 Eliza J. (wife of William Pitman) and Oliver C. John and Reu.ben 
 died in the service of the Union army. Oliver lived in his native 
 county, where he received a good English education, until November, 
 1875, and then came to Harrison County, Mo., buying a farm in 
 Madison Township, upon which he successfully engaged in farming 
 and stock raising until 1880. He then moved to Mt. Moriah, engaged 
 in a general store until 1884, when he was elected to his present 
 office, and removed to Bethany. He is now discharging the duties 
 of that position by re-election. He has always been a stanch Repub- 
 lican, and as such has been elected to his position of trust and 
 honor. Oliver C. and Agnes M. (Landes) Macy are the parents of 
 the following children: Mary A., John, Caledonia, Ulysses Samuel 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 573 
 
 and Arthur. INIr. Macy is one of Harrison County's representative 
 citizens, and commands the respect and esteem of all who know him. 
 
 Benjamin F. Marlar, a farmer and stock raiser, of Section 8, 
 Township 62, Eange 29, was born in McMinn County, Tenn. , March 
 14, 1827. His father, Reuben Marlar, was a native of France, who 
 immigrated to the United States when a young man, and located in 
 Tennessee, where he married Martha Baker, a native of that State. 
 He bought and improved land in Tennessee, upon which he lived until 
 his death in 1832; that of his wife occurring two years later. B. F. 
 gi-ew to manhood in his native county, and after the death of his 
 parents was reared by an uncle until eleven years of age, when he 
 started out in life for himself. When eighteen he went to Bradley 
 County, Tenn., where he remained until August, 1854. He then 
 came to Missouri, locating first in Daviess County, where he entered 
 120 acres, eighty of which he improved. He sold that property in 
 1866, and moved to Harrison County, where he bought a place but 
 slightly improved. His original purchase was but 120 acres, but he has 
 since bought more land, which he has cultivated and is now the owner 
 of 350 acres, all fenced, and all but fifty acres in meadow, pasture and 
 plow land. He is very comfortably settled, in a good one-and-a-half 
 story house, and has good barns, outbuildings, etc. He has been 
 twice married; first in Bradley County, where Elizabeth Humphries, 
 a native of the county, became his wife. She died December 25, 1882, 
 and was the mother of the following children: Nancy A. (wife of 
 Elijah Goldsberry; William O., of Nebraska; Mary E. , wife of John 
 Calvert, of Dakota; James R., of Kansas; Sarah C, wife of William 
 Carico, of Dakota; Elkana, Simpson, and Rachel, deceased wife of 
 Robert Terry, of Daviess County, Mo. Mr. Marlar was married the 
 second time, in March, 1885, to Amanda Baker, in Daviess County, Mo. 
 He usually votes the Republican ticket. 
 
 John C. Martin was born in Preston County, W. Va., in 1832, and 
 is the son of John and Anna (Cassidy) Martin, the former of 
 English descent, having been in West Virginia in 1795, and spend- 
 ing his entire life in Preston County (excepting the time passed 
 as a soldier in the War of 1812), following the occupation of farming 
 until his death in 1859. His father, a native of Pennsylvania, 
 was one of the party who surveyed West Virginia in its early days. 
 Mrs. Martin, mother of our subject, was born in 1795, and died in 
 1869. She was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, as was 
 also her husband. John C. received a very limited education, entirely 
 through his own efforts, and in 1854 left West Virginia, and spent 
 
574 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 some time as deck hand and watchman on the Ohio and Mississippi 
 Rivers; then, in 1855, went to Harrison County, Mo. ; thence in 1857, 
 to Nebraska, where, in June, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, First 
 Nebraska Volunteer Infantry. He was afterward transfen-ed to the 
 cavalry department, also spent some time as a corporal, and took part 
 in many engagements, among them Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and siege 
 of Corinth, and was finally discharged at Omaha, November 10, 1864. 
 He then spent a short time in his native State, following the occupa- 
 tion of a farmer and mechanic, and in 1865 settled in Harrison 
 County, where he has since resided. He married in 1865 Misa Elmira, 
 a daughter of Martin D. and Mary Kittle. They have three children: 
 Minerva, Mary and Benjamin Prentiss. He has filled several offices 
 with credit, having been justice of the peace several terms, also con- 
 stable, and school director since 1872. Politically he was reared a 
 Democrat, casting his first vote for Fillmore in 1856, but since the 
 war has been a Republican. He is also a member of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic. 
 
 Dr. D. W. Martin, a practicing physician and surgeon at Blue 
 Ridge, was born in Putnam County, Ohio, in 1840, and is the son of 
 Jared A. and Electa (Scoville) Martin. The father was of Irish 
 descent, born in Henry County, Ohio, in 1819, and married in 1839. In 
 1867 he removed to Michigan, thence in 1873 to McLean County, 111. , 
 where he still resides, following, as he has all his life, the occupation 
 of farming. He served about nine months during the latter part of 
 the late war in an Ohio regiment. His father, Samuel Martin, was 
 a native of New York, and served as an officer in the Revolutionary 
 War. The Doctor's mother was born in Vermont in 1816, and died 
 about 1850. D. AV. Martin in his youth received a very limited edu- 
 cation, but afterward attended St. Mary's College, then taught sev- 
 eral years, and in 1867 entered the Medical Institute at Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, finally, in 1877, being graduated from the American Medical 
 College at St. Louis. Previous to this, in 1866, he had commenced 
 the practice of medicine, which has since been continued with great 
 success. When the Civil War broke out he espoused the cause of the 
 Union, and in 1863 enlisted in Company A, Fifty-seventh Ohio Volun- 
 teer Infantry, under command of Gen. Sherman, being captured at 
 Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and taken to Andersonville, Ga., where he 
 was held two months, when he was exchanged, but volunteered to 
 stay and care for the prisoners. After this he went to Columbus, Ohio, 
 remaining in the paymaster's office till close of the war. In December, 
 1860, he married Miss Lucinda Harris, a native of Ohio. As a result 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 575 
 
 of this marriage there are six children: Josephine, wife of T. J. 
 Wooley, of Kansas Citj'; Charles W., of Kansas; Flora, wife of 
 D. A. Ford, of Wichita, Kas. ; Hettie, wife of John Luman; James S., 
 of Wichita, Kas. , and Fannie. In 1878 he married, a second time, 
 Mrs. Ruth F. Miller, nee Hammond, the result of this union being 
 one child, Nemie. The Doctor remained in Ohio till 1873, then 
 going to Jameson, Daviess Co., Mo. ; thence to Gentry County, Mo. ; 
 thence in 1877 coming to Bethany, and in 1882, to Blue Ridge, where 
 he soon secured a good practice, in connection with which he carries a 
 stock of drugs. He is a Republican in politics, and cast his first pres- 
 idential vote for Lincoln. He as well as his wife are members of 
 the Christian Church, in which the Doctor is an elder. 
 
 Rev. Paschal Meek, a native of what is now Sherman Township, 
 was born in 1857, and is the eighth of ten children of Rev. 
 George W. and Mary E. (Shockey) Meek. The father, of English 
 descent, was born in Marion County, Ind. , about 1820, and while liv- 
 ing there was twice married, both times to a Miss Keys. In 1854 
 he removed to Harrison County, and located in Sherman Township, 
 where he died in 1884. When a young man he entered a univer- 
 sity under the auspices of the United Brethren Church, and preached 
 until the time of his death, in connection with farming. His wife 
 was born in Virginia, and is still living at Blue Ridge. For many 
 years he has been a member of the United Brethren Church. Rev. 
 Paschal Meek received at home a good common-school education, 
 which he completed at Avalon College, Livingston County. He mar- 
 ried, in 1880, Miss Mary, daughter of B. H. and Cynthia Parnell, for- 
 merly of Indiana, where Mary was born. As a result of this mar- 
 riage there are four children: Inez, Jessie (deceased) and an infant 
 unnamed; also another child, deceased. Rev. Meek is a Republican in 
 politics, and voted for Garfield in 1880. He and wife are members 
 of the Christian Union Church, of which he has been the licensed 
 minister for three years. He followed the occupation of farming 
 until 1885, then clerked one year, when he entered the mercantile 
 business at Blue Ridge, cari-ying a stock of general merchandise. 
 Our subject has always taken a great interest in the cause of educa- 
 tion, and in the prosperity and welfare of the county. 
 
 Thomas J. Melton was born in Albemarle County, Va., March 1, 
 1819, and is a son of Benjamin and Sally (Burfet) Melton, also natives 
 of that State. The family moved from Albemarle County to what is 
 now Putnam County, W. Va., in 1829, where Mr. Melton farmed in 
 the summer, and engaged in coopering in the winter, imtil his death 
 
576 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 in 1865. He was the father of foui' sons and seven daughters, who 
 grew to matiu'ity ; three of the sons and four of the daughters are still 
 living, although Thomas and one sister are the only residents of Mis- 
 souri. Thomas grew to manhood in Putnam County, and engaged 
 in farming and coopering after grown. He came to Missouri, and 
 entered land in Harrison County, in 1848, and after looking at land 
 in Jackson and other counties returned to Putnam County, where he 
 remained until 1855. From that time until 1886, when he perma- 
 nently located upon the land he had entered in Harrison County, he 
 lived in Jackson County, Va. , New Mexico and Kansas, dui'ing which 
 time he was for quite awhile in the Government employ. He was 
 married in White Oak Township, Harrison County, in October, 1872, 
 to Elizabeth Kowlett, a widow lady, and daughter of Obediah Pursinger. 
 Mrs. Melton is a native of Missouri, and the mother of one son — "Will- 
 iam Ellis, who is in his fourteenth year. Mr. Melton settled upon 
 his present farm after marriage, and now owns 160 acres of land in the 
 home place, which is well improved and cultivated, and also owns a 
 130-acre tract of timbered pasture land. i\ir. Melton has always been 
 a stanch supporter of the Democratic party. 
 
 James Meranda was born in Scott County, Ind., in 1842, upon 
 the 27th of April, and is the third child of George and Jane (Ai-drey) 
 Meranda. The father is of Scotch descent, born in Kentucky in 
 1819, and the mother of Irish descent and born in 1819 also. In 
 1837 they were married in Scott County, Ind. , where the mother died 
 in 1846. To their union four sons and one daughter were born. 
 After the death of his first wife Mr. Meranda was twice married, and 
 by his third wife had two sons and four daughters. Since the age 
 of nineteen he has been a school teacher, and in 1867 he located in 
 Harrison County, Mo., but at present lives in Kansas. He was a 
 strong Republican until the nomination of Horace Greeley, but has 
 since belonged to the Democratic ranks. Both himself and the 
 mother of our subject belonged to the Christian Church. James 
 Meranda spent his youth upon a farm, during which time he received 
 a common-school education. When nineteen years of age he enlisted 
 in Company C, Thirty-eight Indiana Infantry, United States army, 
 and during about three years' service participated in the battles of 
 Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Eidge, 
 and Buzzard's Roost. At the last named fight he was wounded in 
 the right hip, which disabled him for life, and on account of which 
 he draws a pension of S24 per month. After the war he returned 
 home, and has since engaged in farming in connection with which he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 577 
 
 ■works at the carpenter's trade. He is a successful farmer, and the 
 owner of 231 acres of land, which he has accumulated by hard labor 
 and good management. In 1862 he was united in marriage with 
 Lieuvinah J. Follick, who was born in Indiana in 1841, and by whom 
 he has had ten children, foiu- of whom are living. He has resided in 
 this county since 1869. He is a member of the G. A. K., and him- 
 self and wife belong to the Christian Church. 
 
 Otho Merrifield was born in McLean County, 111., June 3, 1838, 
 and is a son of John and Emily (Neal) Merrifield, natives of Greene 
 County, Ohio, and Bourbon County, Ky., and of English and French 
 descent, respectively. The grandparents of Otho Merrifield immi- 
 grated to Illinois in an early day, and it was in that State that John 
 Merrifield was reared and married, there rearing and educating his own 
 childi'en. He was one of the highly respected and well-to-do citizens 
 of that county, and after coming to Harrison County, Mo., in 1859, won 
 the esteem of his associates here. Himself and wife are now living in 
 Thomas County, Kas. Otho Merrifield is one of a family of seven 
 sons, three of whom are living and married. He was reared in his 
 native county, and at the age of twenty ^engaged in brick-making for 
 himself and others, at which he continued until 1857. He then spent 
 a year in Harrison County, Mo. , whel-e he permanently located in 
 1859, and has since farmed and been engaged in stock raising. He is 
 now the owner of an abundantly stocked and well-improved farm of 
 295 acres, and is one of the substantial farmers of this vicinity. 
 August 3, 1861 he enlisted in Company F, Second Missouri Cavalry, 
 under Capt. Hanners, and after eighteen months' service was honor- 
 ably discharged and returned to farming. October 5, 1864, he mar- 
 ried Miss Lydia Ann Preston,/ a native of this county, who died 
 eighteen years later, and who bore him eight children, five of whom are 
 living: Emma B., Ulysses Ti Alice, Arella and Harvey. A year 
 after the death of his l^^st wife ISIr. Merrifield man-ied Miss Bettie 
 Ann Bain, by whom he had one child, which died in infancy. 
 His wife dying a year later he was wedded to Mrs. R. C. Wishon, 
 widow of Francis M. WiAon, whose maiden name was Rebecca E. 
 Schoonover. Mrs. Merrifield is a native of Ohio, and her father lost 
 his arm in the battle of Buena Vista, in the War of 1812. To her first 
 marriage with John J. Peters four children were born: Lydia M. , 
 William A., Drucilla E. and Orpheus A. All are deceased save the last 
 named. Mr. Merrifield is a Republican, and a member of the G. A. R. 
 
 Monroe Miller was born in Monroe County, Ind. , March 4, 1823, 
 and was named in honor of his county and President Monroe. 
 
578 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 His parents, Bryce W. and Matilda (Eunnels) Miller, were natives of 
 Tennessee and Kentucky, and of Scotch-Irish and Irish descent, 
 respectively, who immigrated to Washington County, Ind. , with 
 their parents at an early day. There they were maiTied, and Mr. 
 Bryce W. Miller engaged in the hat trade, being a hatter. He fol- 
 lowed his trade in several counties in Indiana, principally Putnaro 
 County, and later in life went to Kansas, where he died at an advanced 
 age. His later days were passed in farming. He was a Demo- 
 crat in politics, and while in Indiana served as justice of the peace, 
 and also taught school. In Kansas he was a member of the Legis- 
 lature at the time of the trouble under Buchanan's administration. 
 The paternal grandfather of our subject was a soldier in the Eevolu- 
 tionaiy War, and fought in twenty-two battles. The mother of 
 Monroe was taken ill in Princeton, Mo., while upon her way to his 
 house. She died in that town, and her remains were buried in Clay 
 Township. Monroe Miller was reared in Indiana, and at the age of 
 nineteen began life for himself as a farm laborer. He remained thus 
 employed two years, and then engaged in cropping another two years. 
 August 22, 1844, he married Miss Emily Miller, a cousin and a 
 daughter of Mordecai Miller. He continued to farm in Indiana until 
 1856, and then immigrated to Decatur County, Iowa, where he li ved 
 until 1864, when he came to Harrison County, Mo. In 1861 he 
 enlisted in Company A, Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, under Col. Ean- 
 kins, and served three years. He was in the battles of Corinth, 
 Jackson and Vieksburg, and while in Tennessee was made first lieu- 
 tenant. He resigned this office at Vieksburg, July 30, 1863. and re- 
 tiu'ned home. He also participated in the battles of Champion' s Hill, 
 Raymond and Black River Bridge. He now owns a farm of 130 acres 
 in the home place, and fifty acres in another township, which prop- 
 erty is the result of his good management and business ability. 
 Four years ago Mr. Miller lost his wife, who was a Christian woman and 
 the mother of ten children, six of whom are living: Isabelle (deceased), 
 Bryce (deceased), Richard, Matilda, Mary (wife of A. J. Bucy), Emily, 
 Alice, Elizabeth, Robert (deceased), and Howard (deceased). Jlr. 
 Miller is Democratic in his political views, and is the present justice 
 of the peace. He has also served his township as treasurer, and is 
 one of the public-spirited men of the place. He is an Ancient mem- 
 ber of the I. O. O. F. 
 
 Wiley Milligan, a prominent and leading citizen of Harrison 
 County, and resident of JefPerson Township, was bom in Greene 
 County, East Tenn., October 11, 1844. His parents, John and Su- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 579 
 
 sannah (McCullum) Milligan, were both natives of Greene County, 
 Tenn. The father lived in that county until 1867, when he immi- 
 grated to Harrison County, Mo., where he remained engaged in farm- 
 ing until his death, which occurred in 1880, in his seventy-third year. 
 His wife, Susannah, is now living, a resident of Harrison County, and 
 is seventy- four years of age. He and his wife were members of the 
 Cumberland Presbyterian Church for many years. There were born 
 to their marriage fifteen children, two of whom died in infancy, two 
 when grown, and the balance are living. The subject of this sketch 
 was the ninth child, and received the rudiments of a common edu- 
 cation in the schools of Greene County, Tenn. , but this has since been 
 greatly improved by general reading, and contact with all kinds of bus- 
 iness men. August 1. 1862, he left his home in Greene County, and 
 after some difiSculty reached Cumberland Gap, where he enlisted in 
 Company I, of the Fii-st East Tennessee Cavalry, Union service, and 
 served with credit until June, 1863, participating in many battles and 
 skirmishes, among them Chickamauga, and Dandridge. At Edgefield, 
 Tenn., he received a severe wound, fi-om the effects of which he is 
 still a sufferer. After the war he returned home, where he remained 
 until 1867, when he came to Harrison County, Mo., where he has 
 since resided, engaged in farming and stock raising. In 1868 he 
 married Susan C. Coffman, who was born in Eandolph County, Va., 
 June 14, 18-47. She is the daughter of Elias Coffman, who moved 
 to Harrison County, Mo., the latter part of 1864. The union of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Milligan has been blessed with four children all living. 
 Charles, James D., Eliza P. and Etta Rosaltha. He and his wife 
 are worthy members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He is 
 a Democrat, but prefers voting for the best man, rather than party, 
 and has never aspired to hold ofBce. When starting in life he was a 
 poor man, but by energy and industry has succeeded well, and with 
 his family enjoys the esteem of a large circle of acquaintances. He is 
 an active and enterprising citizen of the county, and supports all 
 laudable undertakings. 
 
 Edgar S. Miner was born in Madison, \Vis., June 19, 1846, and is 
 a son of Samuel E. and Maria C. (Kelley) Miner, natives respectively 
 of Vermont and New York [see sketch of father]. Edgar passed his 
 youth and received his education in his native State, and at the age of 
 sixteen enlisted in Company G, First Wisconsin Cavalry, and served 
 as private until the close of the war. He then engaged in the lumber 
 business in Wisconsin with his father, and in 1880 came to Missouri, 
 where in June of the same year he continued the lumber business at 
 
580 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Bethany, as a partner of Benjamin H. Frees, a prominent and wealthy 
 citizen and business man of Chicago. Mr. Miner has since been the 
 active and successful manager of this business at Bethany, and has 
 branch establishments at Eidgeway and New Hampton, of this State. 
 He is also a partner in the Ridgeway Bank. October 15, 1867, he 
 wedded Mina Gardner, a native of Monroe, Wis. , and a daughter of 
 ex-Senator Gardner, a prominent lawyer and politician of that State 
 (now deceased). This union has been blessed with two daughters, 
 Daisy and Shirley. Mr. Miner is a stanch Republican, and for several 
 years has been a member of the city council. He is a member of the 
 G. A. R. , A. O. U. W. , and is a Knight Templar, and recognized as 
 one of Bethany's enterprising and successful citizens. 
 
 William A. Miner, junior member of the firm of Miner & Frees, 
 lumber merchants at Ridgeway, Mo., was born May 8, 1861, in Brod- 
 head, Wis., and is the youngest of a family of eight children of Samuel 
 E. and Maria (Kelley) Miner. When four years old he was taken by 
 his parents to Monroe, Greene Co. , Wis. , and when seventeen years old 
 graduated from a high school in that county. He then worked in a 
 planing-mill two years as bookkeeper, and had charge of the buying 
 and selling of the lumber. March 30, 1881, he moved to Bethany, 
 Mo., where he worked in his brother's lumberyard. Eight months 
 later he moved to New Hampton, where he had the management of a 
 lumber yard for three years. He then came to Ridgeway, and formed 
 a partnership with his brother, Ed. S. Miner and B. M. Frees for the 
 transaction of a general banking business, the capital stock of which 
 was §5,000, and resources over §100,000. He is also an equal partner 
 with B. M. Frees in the lumber yard at Ridgeway. March 17, 1883, he 
 was united in marriage with Miss Martha A. Spencer, a native of Har- 
 rison County, Mo., by whom he has had two children: Charles F. and 
 Elbert S. Mr. Miner is a Republican in politics, and has served as 
 trustee of Grant Township about eighteen months. He is one of the 
 enterprising and successful business men of Ridgeway, and a highly 
 respected citizen. 
 
 Wesley W. Mock was born in Burlington, Iowa, October 14, 1844, 
 and is a son of Michael B. and Margaret A. (Biddleman) Mock. The 
 father was born in Pennsylvania, October, 20, 1806, and was a son of 
 Joseph Mock, a native of Pennsylvania, who died in Ohio. The 
 mother was also born in Pennsylvania on November 20, 1809 and was 
 a daughter of John Biddleman. Michael B. moved from Ohio to 
 Burlington, Iowa, where he engaged in carpentering until his death 
 December 11, 1844, when Wesley was but an infant. The mother 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 581 
 
 was again maiTied in 1850, and died in Harrison County, Mo., May 2, 
 1859. Wesley received a limited education at the country schools 
 during his younger days and worked upon the farm until 1861. 
 October 15, of that year, he enlisted in the Federal army, joining 
 Company I of the Twenty-third Missouri Regiment. In 1864 he 
 re-enlisted as a veteran, and in 1865 was promoted from the position 
 of sergeant to that of first lieutenant of Company D. He was mus- 
 tered out in August, 1865, and afterward lived one year in Gentry 
 County, Mo., since which time he has resided in Harrison County, 
 three and one-half miles from Martinsville. He owns 480 acres 
 of land, and raises a variety of grains, but devotes most of his atten- 
 tion to fine stock. He owns a fine herd of Galaway cattle at the head of 
 which is an important bull valued at $460, one of the highest priced 
 animals in the county. He has also fine blooded Norman and English 
 draft horses, Berkshire hogs and fine Merino sheep. He has over 
 $6,000 invested in fine stock, and is one of the well-to-do men in the 
 township. In 1864 he married Miss Elizabeth Carter, who was born 
 in Rush County, Ind. , June 9, 1840, and is a daughter of Vincent 
 Carter. Mr. and Mrs. Mock are the parents of eight children, all of 
 whom are living. They both belong to the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 Ennis Moore was born in Clay County, Ind., June 14, 1833, and 
 is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Moore) Moore, natives of Henry 
 County, Ky. The father was a farmer by occupation and from Ken- 
 tucky moved to Clay County, Ind. , where himself and wife passed the 
 remainder of their lives, dying at the advanced age of about eighty. 
 Of a family of ten children born to them three are now living, two 
 being residents of McLean County, 111. Ennis Moore was reared in 
 his native county, and at the age of twenty-five left the parental roof, 
 although he made his home in Indiana until 1860 engaged in farming. 
 December 25, 1856, Mr. Moore wedded Miss Lydia Moore, who was 
 however no relation to him. This union has been blessed with ten 
 children, the following six still living: Perry, Emily, Caroline, Thomas, 
 Hersehel and AVillard. The first two are married and residents of 
 Harrison County. Mr. Moore came to Harrison County, Mo., in 1860, 
 but during the war went to McLean County, HI. , where he remained 
 until 1869. He then returned to this county where he is ranked 
 among the well-to-do citizens, and owns a well-improved farm of 275 
 acres, which property is all the result of his own labor, good manage- 
 ment and good business ability. In politics IVIr. Moore is a Democrat. 
 
 Thomas Monson is a native of Kentucky, and was born May 22, 
 
682 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 1819. Whea twenty-one years of age he went to Boui-bon County, 
 Ky. , and in 1852 came to Harrison County, Mo., locating near Beth- 
 any, where he still resides. His home farm contains 375 acres at 
 present, quite an amount of the original tract having been given to 
 his children (about 600 acres in all). He also owns 120 acres in 
 another tract, and has eighty acres in Butler County. He is a success- 
 ful farmer and stock dealer which have been his life-long occupations. 
 In 1841 he married Miss Catherine, daughter of John and Betsey 
 Current, by whom he has had twelve children: Samuel (deceased), Mar- 
 garet (wife of D. J. Heaston), Mary (wife of John C. McGeorge, of 
 Kansas City), Eliseph (who married Rena Price), Thomas C. (who 
 married Edna Skinner), Desdemona (deceased wife of William 
 Dunn, who left one child), Nora (deceased, aged seventeen), Ella J. 
 (deceased, aged six), twin sons (who died in infancy, unnamed), George 
 B. (who married Veva McClure), and Ida (wife of G. T. Phillips). Mr. 
 and Mrs. Monson are worthy members of the Christian Church. In 
 politics Mr. Monson is a Democrat, and in 1860 was elected sheriff of 
 the county, which position he efficiently filled two years. Previously 
 he had served seven years as constable. His parents, Samuel and 
 Margaret (Talbert) Monson, were both reared in Kentucky, and lived 
 in Nicholas County of that State at the time of their deaths. Both 
 were united with the Baptist Church. 
 
 S. J. Moore was born in Clay County, Ind. , March 22, 1840, and 
 is a son of Samuel and Susan (Clark) Moore, natives of Tennessee 
 and Kentucky, respectively. The former was born March 22, 1800, 
 his marriage occurring December 21, 1826, in Kentucky, from 
 whence they immigrated to Clay County, Ind. In 1856 they 
 came to Harrison County, Mo., and in 1875 went to Washington 
 Territory, where the father died July 7, 1877, aged seventy-seven 
 years, three months and seven days. The mother then returned to 
 Harrison County, Mo. , where she died January 6, 1886, aged seventy- 
 five. Mr. and Mrs. Moore were both members of the Christian 
 Church, and were the parents of fourteen childi'en, ten of whom are 
 living. S. J. Moore remained upon his father's farm until 1859, 
 when he began life for himself, and married. August 20, 1861, he 
 enlisted in Company D, Twenty-third Missouri Infanti-y, Col. Tindall's 
 command, under Capt. Robinson, and served three years and two 
 months. He participated in a number of important engagements, among 
 which were Jonesboro, Atlanta and Shiloh. At the last named battle 
 he was shot in the head and disabled six months. After his discharge 
 at Atlanta he returned home, and has since devoted his attention to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 583 
 
 agriciiltm-al pursuits, being uow the owner of a well-improved farm. 
 December 12, 1859, Mr. Moore wedded Miss Caroline Dale, a native 
 of Kentucky, born June 20, 1840, and one of nine children of Abraham 
 and Martha Dale, the former of whom is now past eighty-three years 
 of age, and one of Harrison County' s citizens. This union has been 
 blessed with three children, two of whom are living: Martha S. , born 
 November 12, 1865, married January 12, 1887, "WOliam Dale, a farm- 
 er of this covmty; and Carrie L., born January 2, 1877; one son, 
 born November 3, 1860, was married in April, 1880, to Miss Phillips, 
 and on October 6, following, committed suicide. Mr. Moore draws a 
 pension of $4, is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics a 
 Republican. 
 
 George Morgan was bom in Muskingum Coimty, Ohio, May 4, 
 1835, and is a son of Richard and Nancy (McCain) Morgan. The 
 father was a native of the sarqe county, and was of English descent. 
 The mother was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., and of Irish 
 origin. They were married in Muskingum County, and made that 
 their home until 1866, when they came to Harrison County, Mo. , where 
 the father engaged in farming, and the mother died April 16, 1884, 
 at the age of eighty. The mother was a Christian lady, and a member 
 of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Morgan has resided with his son- 
 in-law, John A. Frazier, since the death of his wife, and is now aged 
 eighty-two. George Morgan is the second son and third child of a 
 family of nine children, seven of whom are living. All reside in this 
 county save a brother and sister, who make their home in Decatur 
 County, Iowa. George remained at home until twenty-five years of 
 age, and then began life as an independent farmer. Previously he 
 bad taught seven winter seasons of school, and after his mamage 
 October 30, 1860, to Miss Frances E. Frazier, of Muskingum County, 
 Ohio (daughter of David Frazier), he taught school and farmed in 
 Ohio until 1865. He then came to Harrison County, Mo., and since 
 the winter of 1882 has devoted his attention entirely to agricultui'al 
 pursuits. He owns a nicely cultivated farm and is one of the well-to-do 
 and prosperous men of his township. To himself and wife ten chil- 
 dren have been born, six of whom are living; Charles E., William L., 
 George W., Robert F. and Ernest. The eldest child, Mary L., is the 
 wife of Henry Evans of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan are 
 members of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics the former is a 
 Republican. 
 
 Washington Morgan was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, 
 February 22, 1842, and as his birth was upon the anniversary of Gen. 
 
584 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Washington's birthday he was named in his honor. He was reared 
 in his native county, and at the age of nineteen enlisted in Company 
 F, Ninety- seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Col. John Lane's com- 
 mand, under Capt. William Hannis, and served until the close of the 
 war. He participated in the battles of Stone Eiver, Chickamauga, 
 Mission Kidge, Lookout Mountain, Perry ville, Atlanta, Franklin, Nash- 
 ville, Kenesaw Mountain and many others. At Atlanta our subject 
 was detailed by general order into the Artillery Brigade, Fourth Army 
 Corps, and held the position of issuing clerk twenty-two months. 
 About that time he was kicked by his horse upon the forehead so 
 severely that the bones were fractured and obliged to be removed. 
 His life was at first despaired of, but he finally regained his health, 
 although the imprint of the horse's shoe may still be seen upon his 
 face. June 10, 1865, he was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., fi'om 
 active service and was finally mustered out at Columbus, Ohio. He 
 then returned to Muskingum County, Ohio, and from there went to 
 Akron, Mo. March 21, 1867, he wedded Miss Annie Cleveland, 
 who was born near Cleveland, Ohio, which city was named in honor 
 of some of her ancestors. Mrs. Morgan is the daughter of Samuel 
 R. and Lucy (Tubbs) Cleveland, and has borne Mr. Morgan eight 
 children, five of whom are living: Edwin, Orie, Norman, Carl C, 
 and Riley. Mr. Morgan is a well-respected gentleman, and owns a 
 small but finely improved farm, which is desirably located. He is an 
 active church member, and has been a Sunday-school teacher and 
 superintendent for many years. Himself, v^ife and entire family 
 have united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is 
 a Republican. He is a member of the G. A. R., and draws a pension 
 of $12. 
 
 James Moss is of English and German descent, and a son of 
 Joshua and Jane (Housar) Moss, who emigrated from Soiith Carolina 
 to Tennessee, and from there came to Mercer County, Mo. , during 
 the early history of the county. The father was a farmer by occupa- 
 tion, and a man of remarkable constitution. At the time of his 
 death, when he was ninety-two years of age, he was vigorous in mind 
 and body, his death being the result of a wound in his foot. His 
 principal amusement in life was that of hunting, as when he came to 
 the country it abounded in Indians, deer, bears and wild game. Here 
 he built a home in the wilderness, and cleared a farm, upon which 
 he lived many years with his faithful wife, who also lived to an 
 advanced age. James Moss was born in Claiborne County, Tenn. , and 
 was about ten years of age when his parents moved to Missouri, where 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 585 
 
 he made bis home with them until nineteen years of age. He then 
 removed to Williamsburg, Ky., apd clerked in his brother's store 
 about six years. Soon after he was united in marriage with Miss 
 Margaret GatlifP, a native of Kentucky, and daughter of Squire Gatliff, 
 who represented his county several times in the Legislature. The 
 second man'iage of Mr. Moss occurred in Daviess County, Mo., Mrs. 
 Elizabeth (Scott) Rogers, widow of Jacob Rogers, becoming his wife. 
 Mr. Moss resided in Daviess County but a short time after his second 
 marriage, and in the spring of 1859 came to Harrison County, where 
 he engaged in the mercantile business for twenty-four years atCaines- 
 ville with success. He then conducted a hotel for three years, but 
 having, by the exercise of prudence, industry and economy, amassed a 
 comfortable competency, is now living a retired life. By his first 
 marriage Mr. Moss had one child, now a resident of Texas and mar- 
 ried. His second union was blessed with two childi'en: Martin, who 
 died in early manhood, andC. J., wife of W. E. Baxton, photographer 
 of Gainesville. Mr. and Mrs. Moss are now living Upon their town 
 property in Gainesville, and besides owning the same, have 200 acres 
 of fine pasture land, well fenced, in Harrison County, near the town. 
 Mr. Moss is a Democrat in politics. He is the ninth child born to his 
 parents, seven of whom are still living. 
 
 Moulton & Cuddy, general merchants of Bethany, is a firm com- 
 posed of Henry A. Moulton and Stephen M. Cuddy, and has existed 
 since January, 1885. Their store is situated on the southeast corner of 
 the public square, in the Cuddy Block, and is well stocked with sta- 
 ple and fancy dry goods, hats, boots, shoes, carpets, notions, etc. 
 Henry A. Moulton was born in Elkhart County, Ind., January 
 28, 1848, and is a son of Myron and Lydia (Myers) Moulton, na- 
 tives of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Henry passed his youth iipon his 
 father's farm, in bis native county, and received a good common - 
 school education. In 1864 be came with bis father to Missom-i, 
 where the latter located in Fox Creek Township, Harrison County, 
 at which place he died in the spring of 1869, leaving his wife and 
 Henry to mourn his loss. In 1868 Henry came to Bethany, and 
 worked for H. M. Cuddy as a clerk until he became his partner, 
 in January, 1875. After the death of Mr. Cuddy, Sr., Mr. Moul- 
 ton conducted the business alone for five years, the heirs of Mr. 
 Cuddy still retaining an interest in the business. November 10, 1874, 
 Mr. Moulton married Florence Snyder, a native of Ohio, and 
 daughter of George H. Snyder, of Bethany. Mr. and Mrs. Moul- 
 ton are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and to them 
 
 37 
 
586 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 five children have been born: Myron H. , Birt S. , Roy, Clara and 
 Clarence (twins). Mr. Moulton is a Republican in politics. Stephen 
 M. Cuddy was born in Bethany, January 19, 1860, and is a son 
 of the late H. M. Cuddy [see sketch]. He has spent his life 
 in his native place, and since the age of twenty, having previously 
 received a good education, has been engaged in the mercantile 
 business. Since becoming a partner in the above firm he has con- 
 tributed largely to its success, and is well known as one of Beth- 
 any's enterprising young business men. In politics he, too, is a 
 Republican. 
 
 Harvy Nally, M. D., is a son of William and Patsey (Gillespie) 
 Nally, the former a native of Albemarle County, Va., born July 7, 
 1806, and the latter a native of Jackson County, Ohio, born January 
 7, 1818. WiUiam went to Jackson County, Ohio, when eleven years 
 old, and was there married January 12, 1837, and engaged in farming. 
 In 1865 he moved to Livingston County Mo., and in 1869 came to Har- 
 rison County, settling in Adams Township, where himself and wife 
 now reside. They are the parents of eleven children, eight of whom 
 are living. Two died in infancy, and one son, Moses, died at the age 
 of thirty from typhoid fever. The remainder, with the exception of 
 Mrs. Susan (Nally) Poor, a resident of Ohio, live in Missoui'i. Dr. 
 Harvy Nally was born November 4, 1854, in Jackson County, Ohio, 
 and during his youth received a common-school education. At the 
 age of twenty-one he began the study of medicine at the State Uni- 
 versity of Columbia, Mo. , from which he graduated in two years. He 
 then practiced a short time in Bethany with Dr. Walker, and in Jan- 
 uary, 1877, located in Cainesville, where he has become the leading 
 physician, and is enjoying a lucrative practice. November 29, 1881, 
 he was united in marriage with Charlotte Earl Pickens, who was bom. 
 April 7, 1860, in Missouri, and is a daughter of Enos Pickens. Mrs. 
 Nally is a tinely educated lady, and a graduate of the Illinois Female 
 College. To the Doctor and wife three children have been born: 
 Enos C, Hortense and Bronna. Dr. Nally is a member of the A. F. 
 & A. M. , I. O. O. F. , and is a prominent Republican in his township. 
 
 Orlando H. Nally, a prominent farmer of Adams Township, was 
 born in Jackson County, Ohio, and was the sixth of eleven children 
 of William and Patsey (Gillespie) Nally. The father, of Scotch 
 descent, was born in Virginia, in 1806, and in 1817 went to Ohio, 
 where he was married in 1837. In 1865 he removed to Livingston 
 County ; thence in 1868 to Harrison County, locating in Adams Town- 
 ship where he still resides, as well as his wife, who was a native of 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 587 
 
 Ohio, born in 1818. Both are devoted members of the Christian 
 Church. Orlando H. -was reared at home with a common-school edu- 
 cation, and was married in 1873, to Miss Samantha, daughter of Eper- 
 son and Sarah Burris, formerly of Ohio, where Mrs. Nally was born. 
 This union has been blessed with seven children, five of whom are liv- 
 ing: Cornelia May, William S., Charles, Basha L. and Moses Earl. 
 Politically he is a Republican, and cast his presidential vote for R. B. 
 Hayes. He has also satisfactorily served as justice of the peace for 
 two years. As a result of his enterprise and good management, Mr. 
 Nally has now a fine farm of 540 acres, all in a good state of cultivation, 
 near Blue Ridge, and by his active interest in all educational and 
 laudable undertakings has become one of the leading citizens of the 
 township. 
 
 Dr. Harry R. Neeper is the leading dentist of Bethany, Mo. , and 
 one of the prominent citizens of the place. He was born in Mogadore, 
 Summit Co. , Ohio, September 3, 1858, and is a son of Samuel and 
 Mary A. (Russell) Neeper. The father was born in Lancaster County, 
 Perm., March 11, 1832, and is a successful physician of Kahoka, 
 Clark Co., Mo. His father, James Neeper was a son of Samuel 
 Neeper, a native of Scotland. The mother was born in Philadel- 
 phia in 1836, and was a daughter of John G. Russell, a member 
 of the firm of Carey, Hart & Russell, bookbinders, of Philadelphia. 
 She was married to the father of our subject. May 12, 1857, and to 
 their union seven children were born, of whom H. R. is the eldest. 
 He remained in the place of his birth until nine years of age, moved 
 to Missoui'i in 1867 and remained on a farm until nineteen, during 
 which time he received a good common-school education. In the 
 spring of 1878 he began the study of dentistry under Samuel Mur- 
 dock, A. M. , M. D. , of Kahoka. October 20, 1880, he came to Bethany, 
 Mo. , which was the day the first train arrived, and here established 
 an office and began the practice of his profession, which he has con- 
 tinued to the present with good success. He was married March 7, 
 1883, to Miss Edith M. Shepherd, who was born in Payson, Adams 
 Co., 111., April 11, 1860, and by whom one daughter, Gladys E., was 
 born May 22, 1884. The father of H. R. Neeper, graduated at the head 
 of his class in medicine at the medical department of the Western Re- 
 serve College, Cleveland, Ohio, February 27, 1857. He had previously 
 studied under Alexander McMillen, M. D., at West Lebanon, Wayne 
 Co. , Ohio, and after graduating located at Mogadore, Ohio, where he 
 practiced until the commencement of the Rebellion. In 1861 he en- 
 listed in the Federal army, and was elected captain of Company G, 
 
588 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 of the Sixty-fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served 
 until honorably discharged on account of physical disabilities, caused 
 by wounds received at Stone Eiver and Missionary Ridge. His com- 
 mission was dated October 31, 1861; he was mustered in January 1, 
 1862, and was discharged May 17, 1864, at Cincinnati, Ohio, by special 
 order of the war department. In 1867 he removed to Missouri, and 
 is now one of the leading physicians of Kahoka, Clark Co. , Mo. His 
 wife died July 12, 1875. Our subject is a member of various socie- 
 ties, is now J. W. in Masonic lodge, Commander in Select Knights 
 A. O. U. W. , a member of the Sons of Veterans, and member of the 
 Missouri State Dental Association, etc . 
 
 Isaac M. NefF was born in Franklin County, Ind. , November 15, 
 1834, and is a son of Elihu S. and Amanda M. NefP. He was reared 
 upon a farm, and received a liberal common-school education during his 
 youth. At the age of eighteen he began teaching, which he con- 
 tinued to do until he had instructed 1,470 childi-en, whose names he has 
 preserved. In 1856 he married Miss Barbara A. Maple, who was born 
 in Franklin County, Ind., August 23, 1834; she is of German descent, 
 and a daughter of Elijah and Sarah (Coon) Maple. Elijah Maple was 
 a tanner and stone mason by trade, and assisted in building the old 
 National road. In 1857 Mr. NefP came to Harrison County, Mo., 
 where he bought Government land, and is now permanently located. 
 He at first purchased eighty acres which he increased to 280 
 before giving eighty acres to his children. Mr. Neff constructed the 
 first bridge built across Thompson's Fork of Grand Eiver, and has 
 also built many others. For the past fourteen years he has been 
 engaged in moving buildings, and has been very fortunate in his busi- 
 ness undertakings. He is a man of natural inventive ability, and has 
 invented a tension brace bridge that promises to be useful in bridge 
 building. He has also conceived an invention for a fire place whereby 
 the cold air is admitted from the outside, passes around a sheet iron 
 casting that fits the fireplace, and comes into the room warm. His 
 chief invention is a perpetual spring which is constructed in this 
 manner: a deep gully was washed out near his house, and up this 
 branch he put a blind ditch, near the mouth of which he filled with 
 brush and dirt. The soil has collected to a depth of sixteen feet, and 
 from the higher groimd runs an irrigating ditch whose waters are fil- 
 tered through the sandy loam and finally run out at the lower ditch, 
 furnishing a never failing spring. About an acre of soil has thus 
 been caught, which is very fertile and upon which he raises two crops. 
 Mr. Neff deserves much praise for the assistance he has given in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 589 
 
 advancement of agriculture and fruit growing. He is a member of 
 the State Horticultural society ^nd both the State and United States 
 Agricultural societies, and is also the reporter for the ornithology and 
 mammology service. During the war he served in the enrolled 
 militia, and rendered valuable service at Chillicothe by quieting a 
 riot of 4,000 militia. In politics he is a Republican, and both himself 
 and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. He has a 
 family of the following sis children: William H., Sarah A., Thomas 
 V. , John J. , Rhoda M. and Franklin E. Mr. Neff states that Jan- 
 uary 15, 1888, was the coldest day in his recollection, the highest 
 point of land in the neighborhood showing a temperature of 26° below 
 zero, and the lowest 36° below zero, a difference in altitude of 100 
 feet. The mercury thus indicated a fall of 1° for each ten feet in 
 descent. 
 
 Daniel B. NefF, farmer and stock raiser of Harrison County, Mo., 
 is a son of Elihu S. and Amanda M. (Howell) Neif, and was born in 
 Franklin County, Ind. , September 15, 1842. He was reared upon his 
 father's farm, and during his early youth received a common- school 
 education, and at the age of eighteen accompanied his brother to 
 Harrison County, Mo., where he has since resided. In 1862 he 
 served six months in the militia, under Capt. Henry Howe, and in 
 1863 enlisted in Company I, First Missouri State Militia Cavalry for 
 three years, or during the war. For about two years he worked as a 
 blacksmith, although he had never learned the trade, and at the 
 consolidation of his company with Company M was chosen orderly 
 sergeant, which office he held until mustered out. He was in the 
 battle of Marshall, and on the last Price raid, and in 1865 returned 
 home after peace was declared. The same year he was united in 
 marriage with Miss Nancy E. Wiley, who was born in Johnson Coimty, 
 Ind., in 1844, and is a daughter of John and Nancy (Moore) Wiley. 
 Ml', and Mrs. Wiley moved from Ohio to Indiana when young, and 
 were there married. The father died in that State in 1852, and the 
 mother then came with her children to Harrison County, Mo., in 
 1860, where she spent the remainder of her days. Sir. and IMi's. Neff 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and to them eight 
 children have been born: George T., Landa T., Mintie O. , Emma M., 
 Joseph S., Addie O., Eva L. and Essie M. Mr. NeflP began life in 
 this county with about 1150 in gold, to which he added the money 
 earned while in the war, and his wife contributed $1,000. This 
 amount he judiciously invested in land, and in 1866 moved upon his 
 present place, which now contains 3, 160 acres of fine land, making 
 
590 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Neff one of the successful and influential farmer citizens of the 
 county, where he has resided over twenty-seven years. He is an 
 extensive stock dealer, and owns from 300 to 400 head of cattle. 
 In politics Mr. Neff is a Republican. 
 
 Robert L. Nelson is a native of Missouri, bom in Andrew County 
 August 23, 1847, and is a son of Samuel A. and Sarah A. (Dodd) 
 Nelson, natives of Kentucky. "When a young man the father came to 
 Missouri, settling first in Boone County. He was afterward married 
 in Daviess County, and later located at Savannah, Andrew County. 
 He was a carpenter and contractor, and built the first courthouse at 
 Savannah, and also the first courthouse and jail in Harrison County, 
 whither he moved late in 1847, and engaged in the dry goods business 
 at Bethany. A few years later he went overland to California with a 
 train of several teams, atid after spending about two years there 
 started on the return trip by water, which he was destined never to 
 complete, as he died at Cairo in 1851. He was the father of one son 
 and three daughters, two of whom grew to maturity. Robert L. is 
 the only survivor of the family at the present day, and he passed his 
 youth in Harrison County, where he learned the priuter's trade, at 
 which he worked two years before he was fifteen years old. March 1, 
 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Sixth Missouri State Militia, in which 
 he served three years and two months, or until discharged at Spring- 
 field, Mo. , in April, 1865. He went upon the Red River expedition, 
 when Fort Smith was taken, and in the fights at Boonville, Independ- 
 ence, Jefferson City, Lexington, Kansas City, etc., which was in the 
 fall of 1864, when Price made his raid. He was the only printer in 
 his regiment, and for about seven months worked at his trade at 
 Springfield, Mo. He then returned home, but in July, 1865, went 
 West, and did freighting for the Government. In the winter of 1865 
 he returned home, and for three years was employed in the store of 
 Allen & Hillman. He then bought an interest in a saw mill, and 
 manufactured lumber nine years, during which time he acted as 
 deputy county clerk nine months, under Mr. Heaston. November 16, 
 1870, he was married in Harrison County to Miss Melissa A. Phille- 
 baum, daughter of Isaac Phillebaum, deceased. Mr. Nelson settled 
 upon his present farm in November, 1883, which contains 200 acres of 
 land, one and a half miles west of the courthouse, a large portion of 
 which is bottom land. Mi\ Nelson has a nearly new residence, one 
 and a half stories high, and his farm is well equipped with good barns, 
 sheds, etc. He also owns another 120-acre tract of fenced pasture 
 land three miles west of the town, and still forty more acres in another 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 591 
 
 tract. He is a Democrat, and his wife is a member of the Christian 
 Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Nelson the following childi-en have been 
 born: Edgar L., Isaac E., Maggie, Lena, Bertha, George C. and 
 Charles M. 
 
 Jacob Noll was born in Kuhr, Hessen, Germany (now Prussia), 
 June 1, 1832, and is a son of John and Catherine (Morganthal) Noll, 
 natives of the same place and where the father died. The mother's 
 death occurred in New York City. In the fall of 1883 Jacob Noll left 
 his birthplace, and came to the United States, making his home until 
 1857 in Illinois, where he followed his trade — stone masomy. He then 
 came to Missovu'i and engaged in the manufacture of brick in Macon 
 County, and from there came to Bethany in 1874, where he con- 
 tinued in the brick business until 1884. He then moved into a build- 
 ing he had erected on South Street near the southwest corner of the 
 public square, in which he established his present grocery business. His 
 building is of brick, and consists of two stories and a basement. With 
 the lot it cost him 15,100. Mr. Noll has one of the largest and best 
 selected stock of groceries, queensware, etc. , in the city, and controls 
 a large country and city trade. He is also the owner of some good 
 residence property in Bethany. In 1857 he married Margaret 
 Sheery, a native of Germany, by whom he has nine children: Caroline 
 (wife of S. B. Thatcher), Margaret (wife of Andrew Burg), Mary (wife 
 of Prof. J. W. Cook), Louisa (wife of Marion Wheeler), J. William, 
 Joseph, Katie and Jacob. Mr. Noll is a Republican, and a member 
 of the G. A. R., having served from 1882 until the close of the war 
 in Company A, Twenty-seventh Missouri Volunteer Infantry. Him- 
 self and family are identified with the Catholic Church. 
 
 John D. Oden was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, August 19, 
 1838, and is a son of Josiah and Maria (Farrell) Oden, natives of 
 Virginia, and of German descent. The father immigrated to Ohio 
 with his parents when a boy, and there grew to manhood, reared bis 
 family, and passed his entire life engaged in farming. Dui-ing the 
 war he served in the White Horse Militia. He died at the age of 
 sixty, and his first wife, by whom he had six children, three of whom 
 are living, died at the age of thirty. His second wife, who was Mrs. 
 Prichard and had three children, is still living, and bore 'Mi. Oden 
 three children. John D. Oden was reared in his native county, where 
 he received a common-school education. He began life for himself at 
 the age of seventeen, and August 11, 1862, enlisted in Company F, 
 Ninety- seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until mustered 
 out at Nashville at the close of the war. Among the battles in which 
 
592 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 he participated are PeiTyville, Stoue River, Chickamauga, Mission 
 Ridge. Dalton, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Nash- 
 ville, Franklin, Huntsville and Knoxville. He then retui'ned to 
 Muskingum County, where he lived until 1865; with a wagon he then 
 started for Hanison County, Mo. , at which destination he arrived in 
 November, after which he worked upon a farm for a year. He soon 
 purchased a farm of Joseph Bunt, now owned by W. Roberts, in Clay 
 Township, which he still owns, and upon which he resided from April, 
 1867, until March, 1881. He then moved to Akron settlement, where 
 he traded and dealt extensively in stock ■ several years. In 1886 he 
 moved to Madison Township one mile from Cainesville, where he now 
 owns 120[acres which are well-stocked and improved. February 21, 
 1867, he married Miss Amanda Roberts, daughter of Charles Roberts, by 
 whom he has six children: Charles E., Josiah H. , Frank E. (deceased), 
 Vinnie R. , Preston H. and Mary E. Mr. Oden is a Rejjublican, and 
 a member of the G. A. R. Himself and wife attend the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 Ulysses G. Osborn was born in Rock Island County, 111. , June 2-1, 
 1864, and is a son of Frederick and Keziah (Joslyn) Osborn, natives 
 of Connecticut and New York, respectively. The father is now a 
 resident of Rock Island County, 111. , and was born in Connecticut, 
 March 2, 1826, his parents being George and Sarah E. (Morehouse) 
 Osborn. In 1831 he went to New York, and in 1849 to Illinois. In 
 1847 he was married, his wife having been born February 28, 1828. 
 She died November 19, 1874, and was the mother of the following 
 children ; George H. , born April 4, 1851; Benjamin B., born Sep- 
 tember 9, 1860; Ulysses G., born June 24, 1864; Minnie M., born 
 February 28, 1866, wife of John C. Searle; Robert H. J., born June 
 2, 1868, and Sarah E., born November 24, 1871. Ulysses was 
 reared and educated in his native county, and in October, 1884, came 
 to Bethany, where the following spring he bought a half interest in 
 the firm of Coulton, Peery & Co. , dealers in agricultural implements. 
 In February, 1886, R. H. Grimstead became his partner, and in 
 March, 1887, sold his interest to Mr. Osborn, who has since conducted 
 the business alone. At his warehouse on South Street, opposite the 
 postoffice, he carries a full line of agricultural implements, fai-m 
 machinery, buggies, carriages, etc. , and having the only business of 
 the kind in Bethany, does a large city and country trade. October 
 22, 1883, he man-ied Miss Rosalie Erwin, also a native of Rock 
 Island County, 111., and by whom he has one daughter — Ziazee. 
 Mr. Osborn is a Republican in politics, member of the Methodist 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. . 593 
 
 Episcopal Church, a Select Knight of the A. O. U. W., and one of 
 the leading business men of Bethany. 
 
 S. M. Oxford, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Grant Town- 
 ship, was born February 7, 1844, in Harrison County, Mo., and is 
 the seventh of a family of eight children, born to William and Nancy 
 (McCollum) Oxford, natives of Tennessee and Clay County, Ken- 
 tucky, and of English and German descent, respectively. S. M. 
 Oxford was cast upon his own responsibilities when but ten years 
 old, and, although he began life a poor boy, by energy and good man- 
 agement has made his way successfully through life, and is now the 
 owner of a finely improved farm, iipon which he resides, of 320 acres, 
 and is also the owner of 113 acres near Loraine, all of which property 
 is the result of his own industry and labor. In the fall of 1862 he 
 married Miss Rachel A. Needham, who died in February, 1863. Mr. 
 Oxford was then married to Miss Martha E. Daugherty, a native of 
 Illinois, who was brought to Harrison County when a little girl. 
 Seven children have blessed this union : Elmer S. , John W. , Lulu M. , 
 Mattie F. , Lillian G. , Joan N. and Mary R. Mr. Oxford is a stanch 
 Republican in politics, and one of the respected farmer citizens of the 
 township, who is extensively interested in cattle and horse raising. 
 
 M. F. Oxford is a son of Jacob B. and Maiy J. (McHaney) Oxford, 
 and was born in Harrison County, Mo., November 10, 1848. The 
 father was a native of North Carolina, and when a child accompanied 
 his parents to Kentucky, where be was reared. There he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Mahala Davidson, a native of that State, by whom he had 
 one son, J. D. , now married and preaching the gospel near the county 
 seat of Harrison County. Mr. Oxford immigrated to Daviess County, 
 Mo., about 1838, and shortly after buried his wife in that county. 
 His next marriage was to the mother of our subject, by whom he had 
 nine children, seven of whom are now living. Mr. Oxford was an 
 early settler of Harrison, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
 and served one term as assessor. While in this county he lost his sec- 
 ond wife, who died of dropsy, of which disease she had long suffered, 
 on September 30, 1879, and who was the first person buried in Oak- 
 lawn Cemetery. He then made his home with M. F., but a few years 
 later, while visiting his sister-in-law in Daviess County, was taken 
 ill and died; brought home a corpse, he was buried on the 16th of 
 December, 1882, in Oaklawn Cemetery by the side of his wife. He 
 was a public-spirited man, greatly interested in the cause of education, 
 and endeavored to give his childi-en all the advantages in that line he 
 could. He was once a member of the Baptist Church, but died a con- 
 
594 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 vert to the Christian faith. His wife was a Baptist. M. F. Oxford 
 spent his youth upon his father's farm in Harrison County, working 
 upon the farm in the summers, and attending the district schools in the 
 winters. He afterward attended a select school, and at the age of 
 nineteen began to teach school, which he continued for several years 
 with success. When of age he was united in marriage with Sarah J. 
 Chambers, a native of Mercer County, Mo., and a daughter of Isaiah 
 Chambers, an influential man of Mercer County. Mr. Oxford then 
 taught school two years more, after which, in 1872, he engaged in the 
 drug and grocery business at Gainesville with S. D. Eardin. Two 
 years later he sold his interest to his partner, and started for Califor- 
 nia. He stopped thirty days at Corinne, Utah, working for a grocery 
 and fruit house, and then returned home and resumed business in 
 Cainesville as successor to Moss & Hagen, general merchants, in which 
 business he has been engaged over thirteen years. To Mr. Oxford 
 and wife five children have been born: Nora L. (deceased), Cora E., 
 Oscar H. , Gertrude and Ada M. Mr. Oxford assisted in the organi- 
 zation of the Cainesville Bank, of which he has since been a stock- 
 holder and director. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. , and both 
 himself and wife belong to the Baptist Church. He has been the 
 superintendent of the Baptist Sunday-school at Cainesville four years, 
 and in that time has been absent from his post but three Sundays. 
 In 1886 he was the Democratic nominee for representative, and not- 
 withstanding the Republican majority in the county was nearly 700, 
 he was only defeated by a majority of 412. 
 
 F. Papineau, proprietor of the photographic studio, northeast of 
 the public square, Bethany, Mo., is a native of Canada, and son of 
 Francis and Mary (Trudell) Papineau. He was bom in the year 
 1848, and, having early displayed a decided taste for artistic pursuits, 
 entered while quite young upon the study of photography, in which 
 he soon acquired great proficiency. In 1875 he began work in the 
 city of Chicago, and six years later (1881) established his present gg,i- 
 lery in Bethany, Mo. , at this time one of the finest and best equipped 
 art studios in the northern part of the State. He is assisted in the 
 business by his brother, A. P. Papineau, a skillful artist of seventeen 
 years' experience, and is prepared to do all kinds of work, to wit: pho- 
 tographs, India ink, crayon, water colors, and bromide portraits, in the 
 latest and most approved styles. Mr. Papineau makes a specialty 
 of life-sized portraits, also of enlarging and copying, in which 
 branches of the art he enjoys much more than a local reputation, 
 his work in quality and finish ranking with that of the best studios in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 595 
 
 the west. His gallery is supplied with all the modern appliances, and 
 no pains or expense have been spared to make it a studio where the 
 finest work known to the art can be obtained. The Messrs. Papineau 
 are energetic and agreeable gentlemen, fully up with the demands of 
 the times, and since locating in Bethany have displayed a spirit of 
 enterprise in their calling, the result of which is a large and con- 
 stantlj' increasing business. 
 
 Joseph B. Phillebaiim was born in Washington County, Penn., 
 March 4, 1838, and is a son of Judge Isaac and Jeanette (Harvey) 
 Phillebaum, both natives of Pennsylvania, and born in 1812 and 1809, 
 respectively. The family moved fi'om Pennsylvania to Ohio, in 1850, 
 and located in Coshocton County, where Mr. Phillebaum served as a 
 member of the board of directors. In 1855 they moved to Han-ison 
 County, Mo., where the father bought an improved farm but after- 
 ward improved three farms. He was twice married, his first wife 
 having died when Joseph was but a child. His death occurred in 
 Harrison County, Mo., June 4, 1887. By the first marriage there 
 were two children: JohnH. (deceased), who was a successful attorney, 
 and J. B. By the second there are one son and two daughters, 
 all of whom are married and living. Joseph B. Phillebaum came to 
 Missouri with his parents in 1855, and arrived at his majority in 
 Harrison County. In July, 1861, he enlisted in the Second Missouri 
 Cavalry, which was mustered in as Fremont' s Body Guard. He par- 
 ticipated in the battles at Silver Creek, Kirksville, Memphis, Moore's 
 Mill, Ironton, (Mo.), Clarendon, Brownsville, Little Rock, Prairie and 
 De Ann, Ark. He was discharged at St. Louis, at the exiairation of 
 his service in November, 1864, and then returned home to farm life. 
 April 14, 1881, he married Sarah E., daughter of Peter Montgomery 
 (deceased). Mrs. Phillebaum was born in Johnson County, Mo., and 
 is the mother of twins born S^ovember 28, 1887, Willard Carl, and 
 Georgia May Phillebaum, and Delia Grace, aged six. After his mar- 
 riage !Mr. Phillebaum settled upon his present place which he had owned 
 some time previously. He has a farm of 340 acres, fenced, in meadow, 
 pasture and plow land, upon which he has erected a comfortable house 
 and good outbuildings. He has a fine orchard of about 100 trees, and 
 is a successful farmer citizen. He is independent in politics, and votes 
 for persons rather than party. He is a member of the Ridgeway 
 Lodge of I. O. O. F. 
 
 George L. Phillips, postmaster at Bethany, Mo., was born in 
 Essex County, Va. , September 15, 1853, and is a son of George W. and 
 Susan E. (Clarkson) Phillips. George L. was reared to manhood in 
 
596 HARRISON COUNT?. 
 
 his native State, and was employed as a clerk two years prior to com- 
 ing to Bethany, after which he clerked in a dry goods store for three 
 years, and was with J. P. Hamilton & Co. , in the hardware business, 
 eight years. Febrnary 3, 188G, he was appointed postmaster of Beth- 
 any, and is now discharging the duties of that office, and in connec- 
 tion with the same has conducted a news and stationery stand in the 
 postcffice room for the last fifteen months. December 3, 1876, he 
 married Miss Ida Monson, a native of Bethany, and a daughter of 
 Thomas Monson, of Harrison County. This union has been blessed 
 with three children, Nora, Eulalie and Eobert C. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Phillips are worthy members of the Christian Chui'ch. Mr. Phillips 
 is a Democrat, and a member of the A. O. U. W. 
 
 Enos Pickens was*born in Oswego County, N. Y., December 29, 
 1827, and is a son of James and Philinda (Moffitt) Pickens, natives of 
 Otsego County, N. Y., born in 1799 and 1796. They were man-ied 
 in Otsego County, but Resided in Oswego and Onondaga Counties, and 
 in 1850 went to Cook County, 111., where they lived untU their 
 deaths at the ages of eighty-five and seventy-seven, respectively. The 
 father was a clothier by trade, but his occupation was that of farming. 
 Mr. Pickens was a Union man during the war, and himself and wife 
 were members of the Methodist Chiu'ch. Bj' their man-iage ten chil- 
 dren were born, of whom six are living. One was killed in the war. 
 Enos Pickens was reared near Syracuse, N. Y., and there passed his 
 boyhood and received a district-school education. At the age of 
 seventeen he began life for himself in Onondaga County, N. Y. , by 
 engaging in the salt business. He then spent three years mining in 
 California with fair success, and then, after a visit to New York, came 
 west in 1855. He spent two years in Decatur County, Iowa, and in 
 1859 settled in Harrison County, Mo. In 1858^ he was married in 
 Decatur County, Iowa, to Miss Charlotte A. Earl, a native of Indiana, 
 who was reared in New Jersey, her parents' native State. This union 
 has been blessed with two children, one of whom died in infancy, 
 and the other, Charlotte ' Earl, is a graduate of the Jacksonville 
 Female College, and wife of Dr. Nally, of Cainesville. In politics Mr. 
 Pickens is a Republican, and under President Lincoln served as post- 
 master three years. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , Lodge 
 No. 328, and one of the influential men of the county. He was instru- 
 mental in the organization of the Cainesville Bank, of which he is a 
 director and stockholder, and his farm of 220 acres is one of the best 
 •improved and cultivated farms in Harrison County. Mr. and Mi-s. 
 Pickens belong to the Methodist Church. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 597 
 
 George F. Pierson, farmer and stock raiser, is the third child of 
 a family of five sons and three daughters ' orn to Henry C. and Louisa 
 (Hazzard). Pierson. The father was born in Kentucky in 1806, and 
 the mother in Marj'land the same year'. While young they went to 
 Scott County, Ind. , where they married and lived until their deaths 
 in 1841 and 1845, respectively. Both * belonged to the Christian 
 Church. In early life the father worked at the shoemaker's trade, 
 but later devoted his time to farming. In politics he was a Whig. 
 George F. Pierson is of English, Dutch and Irish descent, and was 
 born in Scott County, Ind., in 1829. He was reared upon a farm, 
 leceived a common-school education, and upon the death of his par- 
 ents, when he was sixteen years bf age, began life for himself as a farm 
 laborer. When of age he learned the tanner's and currier's trade, at 
 which he worked until 1856, when he came to Harrison County, Mo., 
 where he has since made his home. In 1861 he joined Company F, 
 "Merrill's Horse," but was discharged the same year on account of 
 sicknesb. In 1862 he re-enlisted in Company E, of the Third Mis- 
 souri Cavalry, which, after its consolidation with the Sixth Missouri, 
 became known as Company M. In 1864 he veteranized in Company 
 D, Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. 
 In the first and last companies he served as corporal. In 1858 he 
 married Priscilla J. Mallatt, a native of Jasper County, Ind., by 
 whom three children were born, Louisa J., George P., and Mary E. 
 Mrs. Pierson died in 188Q, and two years later Mr. Pierson married 
 Mary A. Green, a native of Illinois, by whom two children were born, 
 Andrew D. and Clara F. Both wives belonged to ,the church of the 
 United Brethren in Christ. Mr. Pierson is a Republican in politics, 
 and, despite the fact that he began life poor, he now owns 282 acres 
 of good land. 
 
 David M. Poe, a representative citizen of Harrison County, was 
 born March 6, 1847, in Hardin County, Ohio, and was the eldest of four 
 children of Samuel A. and Phoebe (Clayjsole) Poe. His parents were 
 natives of Ohio, and were married in the same State, living in Hardin 
 County until 1859, in the fall of which year they immigrated to Har- 
 rison County, Mo., and settled on a tract of land situated in Sections 31 
 and 32 of Washington Township, where they resided until 1865, when 
 they moved to Monona County, Iowa. They lived here only five 
 months, and then returned to Washington Township, Harrison Co. , 
 Mo. The father bought the tract of land situated in Section 32, Town 
 65 north. Range 29 west, where they have since resided. David M. 
 received his education in his native county, also in' Harrison County, 
 
598 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 Mo., and at the age of twenty-one left the parental roof; he soon 
 afterward married, and located on the farm he had bought, situated 
 in Section 32, of same township and range, where he has since 
 resided. Martha J., daughter of William and Janet (Smith) Sutcliffe, 
 was born November 1, 1847, in Scotland, and accompanied her par- 
 ents to America when a child. They landed at New York, and pro- 
 ceeded westward, i-esiding at Valparaiso for about three years, thence 
 to Milwaukee, Wis. , where they remained but a short time and then 
 moved to Iowa; settled in Fayette County, but, after three or four 
 years' residence here, moved to Harrison County, Mo. ; thence they 
 moved to Gentry County, where Martha became the wife of our sub- 
 ject December 16, 1868. The wife's parents are still living in De 
 Kalb County, Mo. The man-iage of Mr. and Mrs. Poe has been 
 blessed with seven children (two dead). The surviving ones are AVill- 
 iam F. , Andy N. , Sarah M. , Bertha Leonora and Mary L. Mr. Poe 
 is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for Horatio Seymour in 1868, and, 
 although at all times heartily supporting his party, has never sought 
 office. He is a member of the Grange — Denver Lodge. Though he 
 has never identified himself with any church, Mr. Poe always lends his 
 cheerful and hearty support to all church and worthy undertakings. 
 He has always been an energetic and industrious farmer, and as the 
 result of his efforts, and the careful management of himself and wife, 
 has a fine farm of 160 acres, the most of which is improved and in a 
 fine state of cultivation. 
 
 E. G. Poland was born in Knox County, Ohio, April 29, 1840, and 
 is the son of Charles and Mary (Stoner) Poland, natives of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and of German-English and German descent, respectively. 
 They were married in their native State, and shortly afterward immi- 
 grated to Knox County, Ohio, where eleven children were born, nine of 
 whom are living. Charles Poland was a strong Union man, and lost 
 one son during the war. Both Mr. and Mi"s. Poland were useful and 
 consistent members of the Presbyterian Chm-ch, and lived their full 
 three score years and ten. E. G. Poland was reared in his native 
 county, and in 1861 enlisted in Company G, Twentieth Ohio Infantry, 
 Col. Force, and served until discharged in July, 1863. In 1863 he 
 re-enlisted as a veteran, serving until mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, 
 in 1865. Among the battles in which he fought are Fort Donelson, 
 Shiloh, Vicksburg. Jackson, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Marietta and Savan- 
 nah. During the war ]\Ir. Poland was taken a prisoner at Shiloh, and 
 held two months. He is now a member of the G. A. R. After the ces- 
 sation of hostilities he farmed in Illinois one rear, and then came to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 599 
 
 Harrison County, Mo. , where he owns a valuable farm, situated in 
 Akron settlement, Clay Township, and is considered a well-to-do man. 
 January 5, 1871, he was united in marriage with Miss Jemima Mor- 
 gan, daughter of Richard and Nancy Morgan, by whom three children 
 have been boru: Harvey E. , Martha D. (deceased), and Dwight C. 
 Ml', and Mrs. Poland belong to the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 D. F. Poland was born in Knox County, Ohio, March 9, 1848, and 
 is a son of Charles and Mary (Stoner) Poland. [See sketch of E. G. 
 Poland. ] He was reared in his native State with but limited educa- 
 tional advantages, and at the age of sixteen enlisted in Company B, 
 One Hundred and Foiiy-second Ohio Infantry, Col. Charles Cooper's 
 command. After a four- months' service he was honorably discharged, 
 and then remained at home with his parents until November 10, 1879, 
 when he came to Harrison County, Mo., where he has since resided. 
 He at fii'st made his home with his brother, E. G. Poland, but after 
 his marriage, December 29, 1881, to Miss Mary Morgan, daughter of 
 A. M. and Jane Morgan, located upon his present farm, which he 
 had improved somewhat. Mrs. Poland was born July 21, 1860, in 
 Dresden, Muskingum Co., Ohio, and in the spring of 1871 moved to 
 Akron, Harrison Co., Mo. The farm of Mr. Poland is now well cul- 
 tivated, and contains 170 acres of good land. Mr. and Mrs. Poland 
 are consistent members of the Presbyterian Chui'ch. By their union 
 one child, Charles Earl, who is now three years of age, has been born. 
 Mr. Poland is a Kepublican, and during President Arthur's adminis- 
 tration was made postmaster of Akron, which position he has since 
 held. He is a member of the G. A. R. , Knights of Honor, Masonic 
 fraternity and I. O. O. F. 
 
 John Posler was born in Bohemia November 1, 1823, and is a son 
 of Wencl and Annie Posler, also natives of Bohemia. The father was 
 a soap maniifacturer, and died in his native land aged fifty-eight. 
 The mother came to America with her son, John, and lived with him 
 until her death, at the age of seventy-one. John Posler is a carjjen- 
 ter by trade, but has never followed this occupation. He clerked in 
 the city court at Bohemia six years, and served in the rebellion 
 against the Austrian Empire. After coming to this country Mr. 
 Posler went to Wisconsin in 1850, and afterward spent some time in 
 Iowa. In 1857 he came to this county, and has since made his 
 home in this locality. During the war he served one year in 
 Company F, Twenty-seventh Missouri Volunteer Infantry, under 
 Capt. Clark. He participated in the siege of Vicksburg and the 
 battle of Jackson, and was for nearly two years a member of the 
 
600 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Veteran Reserve Corps. After being transferred he resumed his 
 farm life, and in 1866 returned to Europe for his mother and sister, 
 Josephine, both of whom are now dead. In 1872 Mr. Posler was 
 married at the age of fifty-two to Anna Skakal, born in Bohemia, and 
 to them three sons have been born: John, Joseph and Jerry. Mr. 
 Posler is an enterprising citizen, and the owner of 125 acres of good 
 land, besides his residence property in Gainesville. He is well educa- 
 ted, and speaks Bohemian, English and German with fluency. He 
 reads French readily, and is quite a Latin student. In politics he is a 
 Eepublican, and is a member of the G. A. R., Post No. 216, at Gaines- 
 ville. 
 
 Samuel Pratt, a leading merchant of Mount Moriah, is a son 
 of Nathaniel and Margaret (Laird) Pratt. His father was born in 
 Berkshire Gounty, Mass., and the mother in Tazewell Gounty, Va. 
 The father was a peddler in early life, and thus met Miss Laird, whom 
 he afterward married. They soon afterward moved to Greene Gounty, 
 111. , where they were among the early settlers. In 1849 they went 
 to Gentry Gounty, Mo. , where they spent the remainder of their lives, 
 dying at the ages of sixty-three and eighty-one, respectively. Dui-- 
 ing the Black Hawk War Mr. Pratt served as a captain. To them 
 seven sons and three daughters were born, of whom our subject was 
 the sixth. Nathaniel Pratt engaged principally in farming and brick 
 laying during the latter part of his life, although at one time he 
 taught school. Himself and wife were followers of the Baptist faith. 
 Samuel Pratt was born in Greene Gounty, 111. , in 1831, where he was 
 reared upon a farm, and received a good English education. At the 
 age of twenty-two he began a career of school teaching which he con- 
 tinued twenty-seven terms in Missouri, Iowa and Galifornia. Among 
 his pupils in Worth Gounty, Mo., was Miss Martha P. Fickle, for 
 whom he formed an attachment, and at one of the gatherings at the 
 schoolhouse, taking her by the hand ostensibly to lead a game, he 
 led her to the hymeneal altar, much to the astonishment of all present. 
 This marriage occurred in 1856, and to Mr. and Mrs. Pratt the fol- 
 lowing six children were born: John S., Maggie I., Samuel H.; 
 George A., Gharley T. and Martha J. In 1S68 Mr. Pratt lost his 
 wife while living in Galifornia, and returning to Missouri in 1870 he 
 was united in marriage the following year to Martha R. Wright, by 
 whom five children have been born: Minnie M., Allie F., Mary E., 
 Thomas L. and Lucy B. Soon after his second marriage Mr. Pratt 
 opened a store in Modena, Mercer Co., Mo., where he remained 
 in business about ten years. Mr. Pratt is a successful merchant of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 601 
 
 long standing, having been engaged in the mercantile business from 
 1856 until 1861 in Denver, Worth Co., Mo., and since 1887 he 
 has BUGcessfully sold goods in Mount Moriah. In politics he is a 
 Democrat, and he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He is of 
 English descent upon the paternal and Welsh upon the maternal side 
 of the family. 
 
 Gen. B. M. Prentiss, one of the chief actors in the War of the 
 Rebellion, was born in Wood County, Va. , in 1819. Emigrating 
 v^est from there in 1836 he located in Marion County, Mo., and 
 engaged in the manufacture of cordage. In the spring of 1841 he 
 moved to Quincy, 111. , and engaged in the same business with his 
 father until 1847, at which time he began the study of law, although 
 he did not practice his profession until the close of the war. Dur- 
 ing the Mormon excitement in Illinois he was in the service of the 
 State, and at the commencement of the Mexican War was appointed 
 adjutant of the First Illinois Infantry, which was raised at Quincy, and 
 with which regiment he served during the entire war, after which he 
 returned to Quincy. In April, 1861, in response to the call of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln for 75,000 troops. Gen. Prentiss immediately organized 
 a company of which he was elected captain. Three days later he was 
 commissioned colonel of the Tenth Illinois Infantry, and ordered to 
 Cairo, which was the rendezvous for most of the western troops, 
 and of which he was placed in command just five days subsequent to 
 being commissioned colonel. From there he was ordered by Gen. 
 Fremont to Jefferson City, Mo., to take command of all North and Cen- 
 tral Missouri. Subsequently being ordered upon the field by Gen. 
 Halleck he proceeded to Pittsburg Landing, where he arrived April 
 1, and there organized and took command of the Sixth Division. On 
 the morning of the 6th his command was attacked by the enemy, 
 against whom he gallantly contended the entire day in what is known 
 as the "hornets' nest," but as his force was outnumbered by that of 
 the enemy, he was overcome at nightfall and captured. He was held 
 a prisoner six months, during which time he was confined at Talladega, 
 Selma, Madison and Libby prisons. After an exchange of prisoners 
 had been effected he visited Washington, and was granted a leave of 
 thirty days, but before the expiration of that time was ordered to sit 
 on the court martial in the case of Gen. Fitz John Porter. After the 
 close of this trial he was ordered to report to Gen. Grant at Milliken's 
 Bend, by whom he was assigned to the command of the Eastern Divis- 
 ion of Arkansas, with headquarters at Helena. Upon July 4, 1863, 
 he commanded the Union forces in the battle of Helena, gaining a 
 
 38 
 
i 
 
 602 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 decided victory over the enemy, whose forces more than four times out- 
 numbered his. Previous to this battle, for his brave and gallant serv- 
 ice at the battle of Shiloh, he was promoted to the major-generalship, 
 but a year after the battle of Helena he deemed it his duty to resign, 
 after which he returned to his family. He then practiced his chosen 
 profession for the following six years, and then on April 1, 1869, 
 was appointed, by Gen. Grant, pension agent for the Fourth District 
 of Illinois, which position he held for several years. The General is 
 an ardent Republican and a public-spirited gentleman who is always 
 ready to aid laudable enterprises for the advancement of the country. 
 Being well-known throughout the country and greatly admii-ed for his 
 principles and his war record, he has often been urged by his friends 
 to accept high political honors but has usually declined. In 1881 he 
 located in Harrison County, Mo. , and his home is at present in Sher- 
 man Township, although for four years he has been in the lecture field, 
 in which he has been very successful. He is the only survivor of the 
 celebrated Fitz John Porter court martial, and as he enjoys excellent 
 health will probably live many years to relate his thrilling war expe- 
 riences to an interested public. 
 
 H. Peugh, a retired farmer, is next to the youngest child of Levi 
 and Jane (Wadkins) Peugh, and was born in Montgomery County, 
 Va. , April 25, 1826. His parents were natives of that State, where 
 they were married, and all their childi-en save one, were born. In 
 1830 they moved to Wayne County, Ind., where the father died about 
 1836. After living in Washington arid Bartholomew Counties, in 
 1858 the mother came to Harrison County, Mo. , and settled in Sher- 
 man Township, where her last days were spent. She lived to the age 
 of seventy-three, and was a member of the United Brethren Church. 
 The father is thought to have been of Scotch descent, a soldier in the 
 War of 1812, and by occupation a farmer. Humphrey Peugh, the 
 subject of this sketch, was reared upon a farm, and as his mother 
 was indulgent and did not enforce his attendence at school he received 
 no education, but feeling his own deficiency in this regard, has given 
 his children the benefits of good instruction. He began life for him- 
 self at the age of eighteen as a farm laborer for S6 per month, and as 
 he received no share of his father's estate upon its division, deter- 
 mined to become a well-to-do man. This resolution he has fulfilled, 
 and is now the owner of 785 acres of good land, and is one of the highly 
 respected citizens of Harrison County, where he has resided over 
 twenty-nine years. In 1846 he married Malinda McDonald, a native 
 of Ohio, by whom four children were born: William H., SanfordM., 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 603 
 
 Thomas J. and Malinda E. After the death of his first wife he 
 wedded her sister, Malissa. Mr. Peugh has been a steward in the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church for a number of years, and has been a 
 trustee eight years. Both his wives united with the same church. 
 In politics he is a Whig, and his first presidential vote was cast for 
 Taylor. He has served his township in several minor offices, and dur- 
 ing the war was in the detailed militia. 
 
 William L. Ragan, farmer and stock raiser, is the sixth child of 
 twelve born to Darby and Esther (Barnett) Ragan, and was born in 
 Blount County, Tenn., in 1841. His parents were born in East Ten- 
 nessee in 1808 and 1810, respectively, and after their marriage in 1831 . 
 continued to live there imtil 1852. They then moved to Gentry 
 County, Mo. , and the following year came to Harrison County, Mo. , 
 where the father died in 1875 and the mother in 1871. Both were 
 members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Chiu-ch, in which he was a 
 rilling elder. By occupation Mr. Ragan was a farmer, and for many 
 years he served as a magistrate. His death resulted from a fall 
 received while riding in a spring wagon with a sister. The horse 
 balked, throwing them from the back seat and breaking Mr. Ragan' s 
 back, his death resulting in a few hours. William L. Ragan was 
 reared upon a farm and received a common-school education, his serv- 
 ices outside the school room being required at home. When of age 
 he began farming for himself upon rented land, and in 1862 married 
 Rebecca H. Koger, who was born in Daviess County, Mo., in 1844. 
 This union has been blessed with ten children: Esther A., Louisa E., 
 Martha E. , Mary L. , Fannie A. , John B. , Jordan C. , Susan B. , James 
 S. and Hugh D. Both subject and his wife are worthy members of 
 the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, in which he is a ruling elder, 
 and in politics the former is a Democrat. As a farmer he has been 
 quite successful, and is now the owner of 210 acres of good land. He 
 is interested in fine stock, and owns a fine pedigreed Durham bull, and 
 a horse of superior grade. 
 
 Frederick H. Ramer was born in Noble County, Ind. , December 
 17, 1847, and is a son of John and Amanda (Nichols) Ramer, natives, 
 respectively, of Virginia and Indiana. The father came to Missouri 
 with his family in 1858, and for many years was proprietor of the 
 Ramer Hotel. Upon his death, in 1884, Bethany lost one of its old 
 and honored citizens. His widow still survives him, and conducts the 
 Ramer Hotel, and there are also two sons and three daughters living : 
 Isabel, wife of S. S. Mendenhall, of Las Vegas, N. M. ; Charles W., of 
 Fort Collins, Colo. ; Sarah V. , wife of Dr. J. N. Lewis, of Bethany ; 
 
604 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Frederick H. , and Amanda J. , wife of S. E. Ballard, of Burlington, 
 Iowa. Frederick arrived at maturity in Bethany, and having learned 
 the printer's trade during his youth, in the year 1871 published the 
 St. Joseph Journal of Commerce, a commercial monthly of St Joseph, 
 Mo. He than began the study of law, reading under Hon. T. D. 
 Neal, of Bethany, and was admitted to the bar in 1873, since which 
 time he has been more or less engaged in practicing his profession. 
 In August, 1881, he bought the Bethany Republican which he con- 
 ducted with success until September, 1887. He then sold the paper, 
 and is now devoting his entire attention to the practice of his profes- 
 sion. February 4, 1875, he married Miss Emma R. Woodward, a 
 native of Beaver Dam, Wis. , the mother of their one son, Ealph J. 
 Mr. Ramer is an active Republican, and was twice a candidate for the 
 State Legislature. For two years he served as public administrator 
 of Harrison County. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. 
 U. W., and is one of the respected citizens of the county. He is a 
 large stockholder in and secretary of the Pitt Carriage Company, of Des 
 Moines, Iowa. He is a self-made man, and having been badly crip- 
 pled since quite young and always compelled to use crutches, he de- 
 serves great credit for the energy he has displayed under such difficul- 
 ties, in amassing a fair fortune and his success in life. 
 
 J. S. Rankin was born in 1852, in Morgan County, Va. , and moved 
 to Jo Daviess County, 111., in 1854, and from there to Harrison 
 County, Mo. , in 1870, settling upon the farm where he has since re- 
 sided. He began life for himself at the age of twenty in very moderate 
 circumstances, but being of an industrious and energetic nature he has 
 increased his possessions, and now owns a iinely improved farm of 240 
 acres. He was married in the fall of 1872 to Miss Sarah Armstrong, 
 by whom eight children have been born: John T., Charles S., Rose 
 E., Mabel C, Lillie, Nellie A., William A., and Lora B. Mr. Rankin 
 is a Republican in politics, and is the fourth of nine children of 
 Thomas and Elizabeth (Smith) Rankin, natives of Morgan County, 
 Va. , who moved to Jo Daviess County, 111. Mrs. Rankin died there 
 about 1862, and the father afterward came to Harrison County, Mo. , 
 but in 1880 went to Oregon, where he now resides. He is a son of 
 Samuel Rankin, a native of Morgan County, Va. , who fQOved to Jo 
 Daviess County, HI., where both he and his wife died. He was a 
 soldier in the War of 1812. Mrs. Sarah Rankin, the wife of the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, is a daughter of John and Nancy Ann (Morris) 
 Armstrong. Her father was born December 31, 1819, in Livingston 
 County, N. J., moved to Fulton County, 111., in 1838, and from there 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 605 
 
 came to Harrison County, Mo., in 1860. A year later he returned to 
 Illinois, but in 1866 settled upon his present farm in HaiTison County, 
 Mo. This farm contains 260 acres of well-improved land, which is 
 the result of Mi-. Aimstrong's own labor, as he started in life a poor 
 man. In 1852 he married Miss Susannah Moran, a native of Balti- 
 more County, Md., by whom three children were born: Mary M., wife 
 of James Dilts; Margery Ann, wife of S. D. Parsons, and Susannah, 
 wife of Percy Prune. Mrs. Armstrong died June 1, 1851, and Mr. 
 Armstrong was married December 15, 1852, to Miss Morris, a native 
 of Adams County, Ohio, and daughter of George and Elizabeth (Hurd) 
 Morris, by whom twelve childi-en have been bom. Mr . Armstrong is 
 a Republican, and has served both as assessor and register. His wife 
 is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Judge Albert Reeves, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of 
 Grant Township, was born in May, 1840, in Ashtabula County, Ohio, 
 and moved to Talmage, Summit Co. , Ohio, in 1858. September 28, 
 1861, he enlisted in the Ninth Ohio Battery as a private, and was 
 afterward made sergeant of his company. In November, 1864, he 
 was elected second lieutenant, and served in that capacity until he was 
 mustered out at Cleveland, Ohio, July 25, 1865, having served during 
 the entire time with the Army of the Cumberland. He moved to 
 Hardin County, Iowa, in March, 1866, and in June, 1867, moved upon 
 the farm in Harrison County, Mo. , where he has since resided. He 
 began life for himself at the age of seventeen, with $100, and what he 
 is now worth is due to his industry and business ability. He owns a 
 nicely-improved farm of 200 acres in the home place, and also two other 
 tracts, his property in all amounting to 370 acres. March 9, 1863, 
 he was united in marriage with Miss Mary A. Ewell, a native of Port- 
 age County, Ohio, and a daughter of Lorenzo and Eliza B. (Hildreth) 
 Ewell, natives of Massachusetts and Maine, respectively. To ISIr. and 
 Mrs. Reeves two children have been born; William A. and Minnie E. 
 Mr. Reeves is a Republican in politics, and has served as justice of 
 the peace three terms, once by appointment and twice by election. 
 He officiated one term as township clerk, and was elected presiding 
 county judge in 1882, to which office he was re-elected in 1886. 
 Himself and wife are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. Mr. Reeves is the third of seven childi'en of Harvey A. and 
 Margaret (Stewart) Reeves, natives of Mahoning County, Ohio, and 
 Pennsylvania, respectively. After fourteen months' service in the Re- 
 bellion the father was captured, and died at Winchester, Va., while a 
 prisoner. 
 
606 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 L. P. Riley was born in Knox County, Ohio, October 2, 1840, and 
 is a son of John and Susan (Curtis) Riley. The father was born May 
 12, 1811, in Culpeper County, Va. , and is of Scotch and Irish 
 descent. The mother, a native of Elizabethtown, Penn., was born 
 October 21, 1813, and is of German descent. They were married 
 in Knox County, Ohio, whither they had accompanied their parents 
 when young, and there located upon a farm, where their twelve chil- 
 dren were born, and ten were reared to maturity. Mr. Riley is still 
 the owner of the farm, but for the past seven years himself and wife 
 have lived in Centerburg, Knox Co., Ohio. They have both been 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for over forty years. In 
 politics Mr. Riley is a Republican, having previously been a Whig. 
 L. P. Riley was reared upon his father's farm, and received his edu- 
 cation at the neighborhood schools and the Academy of Halcean, Hart- 
 ford. In 1862 he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Twenty- 
 first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Col. W. P. Reed's command, in which 
 regiment he served eleven months, or until discharged on account of 
 injuries received at PerryvUle, Ky. In 1864 he re-enlisted on the 
 gunboat ' ' Fort Hindman, ' ' Naval Department Mississippi Squadron, 
 and served in the navy until the close of the war. He then returned 
 to his wife, whose maiden name was Sarah A. Frazier, and whom he 
 married May 26, 1864. To this union three children have been born, 
 two of whom are living: Winney L. and Loren F. One child died in 
 infancy. Mr. Riley and his wife are members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, and Mr. Riley is a member of the G. A. R. , Lodge No. 
 147, and the A. F. & A. M., Lodge No. 328. His fine farm of 300 
 acres is well stocked and improved, and he is considered one of the 
 enterprising men of the township. 
 
 W. E. Riley was born in Knox County, Ohio, June 22, 1842, and 
 is a son of L. H. Riley [see sketch]. He was reared in his native 
 county, and August 8, 1863, enlisted in Company I, Second Ohio 
 Heavy Artillery, and during his two years' service was in the battles 
 of Nashville, Franklin, Strawberry Plains, Bull's Gaps and many 
 others. After being mustered out at Nashville, August 23, 1865, he 
 returned home, and resuming his interrupted studies completed his 
 education at a Mount Vernon graded school, where he took a classical 
 course. He then engaged in farming with his father, and in 1868 
 accompanied him to Harrison County, Mo. June 12, 1868, he 
 was married in Ohio to Miss Margaret S. Frazier, a native of Knox 
 County, Ohio, and daughter of Andrew Frazier. By this union five 
 childi'en have been born : Lena R. , Edwin L. , Robinson, Olive J. and 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 607 
 
 Georgie A. After his marriage Mr. Eiley located in Clay Township, 
 Harrison County, Mo., where he has engaged in farming and teach- 
 ing, although of late years his attention has been devoted to the former 
 occupation. Mr. and Mrs. Eiley are worthy members of the Presby- 
 terian Chiu'ch and well respected citizens. Mr. Riley is a Republican, 
 and a member of the G. A. R. During his service of six years as 
 justice of the peace he united in marriage about thirty couple. 
 
 H. Eistine, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Schuyler County, 
 111. , November 2, 1842, and is a son of John B. and Maria (Hubbard) 
 Ristine, the former a native of Kentucky, and of German descent, and 
 the latter a native of Indiana, where she was married. Subsequent 
 to his marriage Mr. Ristine moved to Wabash County, 111. , where he 
 lived several years previous to his removal to Schuyler County, where 
 he engaged in farming and stock raising thirteen years. He then 
 lived one year in Southwestern Iowa, and thence came to Harrison 
 County, Mo., where he died aged seventy- foiu-. Mrs. Ristine died 
 while in Schuyler County, 111. With the exception of the time he 
 served in the War of 1812 and the Black Hawk War, Mr. Eistine de- 
 voted his entire life to farming. H. Ristine was reared upon his 
 father's farm, and when of age enlisted in Company E, Thirty-first 
 Missouri State Militia, Col. King's command, and under Capt. Mack- 
 afee, which company in 1864 consolidated with the Sixth Missouri 
 State Militia. After participating in the fights at Newtonia, Spring- 
 field, Neosha, and others, Mr. Ristine retui'ned to Harrison County, 
 and for two years sold goods in Cainesville. He then sold out his 
 business, and purchased a farm in Harrison County, three miles north- 
 west of Cainesville, upon which he has since farmed and engaged in 
 stock raising. He is also running a hotel and livery stable in Caines- 
 ville, in which he is very successful, although he has lost about $4, 000 
 by fire. He is a member of the G. A. R. , and in politics is Independ- 
 ent. In 1869 Mr. Ristine was united in marriage with Miss Missouri 
 Tilley, a native of Harrison County, Mo. , whose parents came from 
 Kentucky. This marriage has been blessed with three children: Alvo- 
 rado, Rosa and Henry G. 
 
 John Eoberts was born in Dent County, Ind., April 18, 1826, and 
 is a son of Joseph and Delila (Blunt) Eoberts, who were born and 
 married in Kentucky, and were of English and Irish descent. The 
 mother's father was a ranger in the Eevolutionary War. Joseph was 
 a farmer by occupation, and after his marriage moved to the northern 
 part of Indiana, where our subject was reared. The father died in 
 Wapello County, Iowa, leaving a widow and eight children. John 
 
608 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 and William Roberts, of Chariton, Iowa, are now the only representa- 
 tives of the family. Mr. Roberts was a Whig in politics, and him- 
 self and wife were active members of the Christian Chiai-ch. John 
 Roberts accompanied his parents to Iowa, and there began life for 
 himself a poor young man. In 18-47 he was united in marriage with 
 Miss Jane Downey, a native of Boone County, Ind., whose parents 
 were natives of Kentucky and Yirginia. Mr. Roberts continued to live 
 in Iowa about ten years, and toward the latter part of the decade his 
 wife, who was the mother of ten children, lost her eyesight. Her death 
 occui-red in 1879, and Mr. Roberts then maiTied Mrs. Joseph Car- 
 gill, whose maiden name was Sarah A. Jackson. During the war Mr. 
 Roberts enlisted in August, 1862, in Company G, Twenty-third Mis- 
 souri Infantry, under Col. Robinson, and served three years, for 
 which he now draws a pension of §6. He is now one of the well-to- 
 do farmer citizens of his township, owning 120 acres of good land, 
 and has served as constable four years. He is a public-sprited 
 man, and a school director. In politics he is a Republican, and he 
 takes an active part in the G. A. R. 
 
 Wright Roberts was born in Belmont County, Ohio, November 7, 
 1838, and is a son of Charles and Sarah (Harris) Roberts, natives of 
 Southern Canada, and Belmont County, Ohio, and of Welsh and 
 Irish origin, respectively. Charles Roberts came to the State with 
 his father when a boy, and arrived at maturity in Belmont County, 
 Ohio, where he was married August 26, 1830. He farmed in that 
 county until 181:5, and then went to what is now Morrow County, Ohio. 
 In 1864 he came to Harrison County, Mo., where he followed agricult- 
 ural pursuits in Aki'on settlement two years, and then finally 
 located in Chariton. Iowa, with his wife and youngest daughter. 
 There he lived with his son, T. H. , until his death. He was formerly 
 a Whig in politics, but afterward voted with the Republicans. He 
 was a thrifty man of kindly disposition, and himself and wife were 
 worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Wright 
 Roberts is the fifth son of a family of thirteen children, eight living, 
 and was reared upon his father's farm, receiving but a limited educa- 
 tion during his youth. He remained at home assisting his father 
 iintil twenty-five years of age, and then began life for himself in 
 Morrow County, Ohio. September 1, 1863, he was united in marriage 
 with Miss Samantha Severe, then aged nineteen, who is a native of 
 Knox County, Ohio, and a daughter of Bethel and Charlotte (Con- 
 way) Severe, natives of Ohio and Yirginia. Soon after his man-iage, 
 Mr. Roberts immigrated to Harrison County, Mo. , and after five years' 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 609 
 
 residence here moved to Otoe County, Neb. Thirteen years later he 
 returned to Harrison County, and located in the vicinity where he 
 had once lived, and where he now resides. He is numbered among 
 the substantial men in Harrison County, of character and personal 
 worth, and owns a farm of 160 acres in Akron settlement, which is well 
 stocked and located. He is a Republican in politics, and himself and 
 wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. To them five 
 children have been born, three of whom are living : Cora A. (wife of 
 W. L. McFall), Jennie L. and Lloyd S. Mr. Roberts served for 
 fotirteen months in the army during the war, being a member of 
 Company B, Forty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 T. J. Roberts was born in Marion County, Ind., four miles from 
 Indianapolis, in 1840, and is a son of Abner and Nancy (McDonald) 
 Roberts, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and of German and 
 Scotch-Irish descent, respectively. In 1830 they went to Marion County, 
 Ind. , of which place they were early settlers. They were the parents of 
 ten children, all but three now living. They moved to Henry County, 
 Iowa, in 1850, and in 1869 came to Harrison County, Mo. , where the 
 father died in 1870. The mother died November 6, 1887, when 
 seventy-seven years of age. He made his home with his parents 
 during his youth, and in August, 1862, enlisted in Company B, Sev- 
 enty-ninth Indiana Infantry, Col. Knefler's command, under Capt. Louis 
 Mankler. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, 
 Chickamauga and Mission Ridge (the regiment consolidating with the 
 Seventy-ninth and Eighty-sixth Indiana duiingthe latter engagement), 
 at Dalton, Resaca, Adair, New Hope Court House, Picket's Mill, 
 Pine Knob, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, 
 Franklin, Springfield and Nashville. After the war he went to Indi- 
 ana, where he married Rosanna Metsker, who died eleven months 
 later. Her child died soon after. In 1870 ilr. Roberts came to Har- 
 rison County, Mo., where in 1874 he was united in marriage with 
 Miss Josephine Prasak, who died in 1879, and by whom he had two 
 children; Ida Belle, and Nellie Ellen. In 1881 he married Miss Jane 
 Hadley, of this county who is the mother of two children: Fred R. 
 and Harley S. ilr. Roberts owns 190 acres of well stocked and im- 
 proved land. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and always 
 votes the Republican ticket. 
 
 E. N. Roberts was born in St. Clairsville, Belmont Co., Ohio, 
 September 3, 1844, and is a son of Charles and Sarah (Harris) Roberts, 
 natives of Canada and Belmont County, Ohio, respectively. They 
 were married in Belmont County, Ohio, August 20, 1830, after which 
 
610 HABEISON COUNTY. 
 
 the father fanned there a number of years. In 1845 he immigrated 
 to Morrow County, and in 1864 came to Harrison County, Mo. 
 Two years later he went to Chariton, Lucas Co., Iowa, where he 
 died in January, 1875, at which time he was leading a retired life. 
 He was a well-to-do man, and himself and wife were members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he was for many years a class 
 leader. Of the thirteen children bom to them eleven grew to maturity 
 and eight are now living, all of whom are married. E. N. Roberts was 
 principally reared in Morrow County, Ohio, and received a district - 
 school education. He made his home with his father until twenty-four 
 years of age, and then married, April, 11, 1867, Miss Eleanor Frazier, 
 daughter of Robert Frazier. After his marriage he came to Harrison 
 County, Mo. , where he has since resided in the vicinity of where his 
 father once lived. He is now a well-to-do citizen, and the owner of 260 
 acres of well stocked and nicely improved land, upon which he has 
 lived with the exception of the years between 1881 and 1886, when he 
 served as assistant cashier in the Bethany Savings Bank and rented 
 his farm. Mr. and 'Mrs. Roberts are leading members of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, and have one child, Nellie F. , aged thu-teen. 
 
 C. W. Robertson, dealer in di-ugs and medicines at Ridgeway, Mo., 
 was born in 1854, in Niagara County, N. Y., and received his educa-* 
 tion in the academy at Lockport, N. Y. He began the study of med- 
 icine in the spring of 1874, with Dr. C. N. Palmer, of Lockport, N. 
 Y. , and graduated from the Buffalo Medical College, at Buffalo, N. 
 Y. , in 1879, after a three years' course. He then attended the Uni- 
 versity of the City of New York one year, and in the spring of 1881 
 moved to Ridgeway, where he began the practice of his chosen pro- 
 fession, and where he has since enjoyed excellent success, and has a 
 constantly increasing patronage. In the winter of 1886-87 he 
 attended lectures at Rush Medical College, at Chicago, lU. He 
 began life for himself at the age of twenty-four, in poor financial cir- 
 cumstances, and is now, through energy and practical business ability, 
 a well-to-do man. He purchased the drug store he now owns Decem- 
 ber ], 1883, from G. W. Brewer, who established the business in the 
 spring of 1881. Mr. Robertson is a member of the I. O. O. F. He 
 is the youngest of a family of ten chUdi-en born to John and Susan 
 (Quade) Robertson, natives of Scotland and Ireland, respectively. The 
 father came to the United States at the age of twenty, and settled in 
 Niagara Coiinty, N. Y., where he died in 1869, aged fifty- four. He 
 was a farmer by occupation. 
 
 Col. "W. P. Robinson was born in Carlisle, Nicholas Co., Ky., 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 611 
 
 Febniary 20, 1826, and is a son of George and Clarrissa (Holladay) 
 Robinson, both natives of Kenti;cky. The father was of English 
 descent, and his parents were early settlers of Kentucky, whither they 
 moved from Virginia about 1790. He was a tanner by trade, and 
 followed that occupation until some three or four years before his 
 death, which occurred while upon a trip to New Orleans in 1853. The 
 mother died shortly after the birth of William P. , who was the only 
 child, and was taken by his mother's brother and cared for for a period 
 of about three years, when the father was again married, to Sarah 
 Mountjoy, who bore him three daughters: Mary A., wife of Dr. J. E. 
 Whitecraf t, of Stanton County, Kas. ; Eliza J. , deceased wife of the 
 late Alfred Williams, of Boone County, Mo. , and Sarah A. , wife of 
 Samuel Sherman, of McPherson County, Kas. Upon his father's 
 second marriage William P. was taken home, where he remained until 
 the death of his step- mother, which occurred about 1835, when, his 
 father again breaking up housekeeping, he was returned to the home 
 of his uncle, where he remained, occasionally attending school in the 
 primitive log school-house of that day, until in his twelfth year. He 
 was then sent by his father to Wabash College, Ind., with the in- 
 tention of giving him a thorough collegiate education, but owing to 
 unsuccessful business speculations was compelled, at the end of about 
 two years, to take the boy home again to learn the tanner's trade. 
 Soon after attaining his majority, in the summer of 1847, he enlisted 
 for the Mexican War, for a term of three years or during the war, in 
 a company of volunteers which was then being raised in his native 
 town. This company, upon the organization of the regiment, became 
 Company E, Third Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, of which 
 the subject of this sketch was elected orderly sergeant. After a hard 
 campaign of nearly one year, the regiment then being with Gen. 
 Scott's army at the City of Mexico, peace was declared between the 
 two nations, and the troops retiu'ned home, arriving there about the 
 1st of August, 1848. On the 31st of the same month he was mar- 
 ried, and a short time thereafter his father retiring from business 
 William P. succeeded him, and carried on the same until the fall of 
 1854, at which time he, with his family, immigrated to Iowa, and 
 located upon a farm in Washington County. In the spring of 1856 he 
 came to Harrison County, Mo., and followed the business of farming 
 and school teaching in Colfax and Hamilton Townships (then Marion 
 Township) until the breaking out of the war in 1861. At this period, 
 after the flag of oui* country had been fired upon at Fort Sumter, loy- 
 alty and disloyalty were the all absorbing themes of the people's at- 
 
612 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 tention and conversation, and excitement ran riot throughout the length 
 and breadth of our land. The subject of this sketch boldly and zeal- 
 ously espoused the cause of the old flag, under which he had fought in 
 Mexico, and with other loyal friends of the Union in the county, united 
 in devoting their whole time and energy toward unifj'ing the loyal sen- 
 timent and bringing it into active operation. In furtherance of this 
 object, in July, 1861, he, with about fifty or sixty other young and 
 middle aged men, enlisted in a company at Eagleville, which had been 
 partially raised at Gainesville by John A. Fisher, and with this addi- 
 tion was now full. This company was being raised for a regiment of 
 infantry to be commanded by Col. Jacob T. Tindall, of Trenton, Mo. 
 Upon the organization of the company William P. Robinson was 
 elected captain, and upon the organization of the regiment this com- 
 pany became Company D, Twenty-third Eegiment Missouri Volun- 
 teer Infantry. He then removed his family to Sangamon County, 111. 
 He remained in command of Company D until wounded at the battle 
 of Shiloh, on the 6th of April, 1862, and as soon as his wound 
 permitted him to return to the regiment, about the first of the follow- 
 ing June, he was commissioned colonel of this regiment, to fill the 
 vacancy caused by the death of Col. Tindall, who was killed in that bat- 
 tle, and as such did faithful and gallant service until mustered out 
 with his regiment at Atlanta, Ga. , on the 22d day of September, 
 1864. In the spring of 1867 Col. Robinson returned with his family 
 from Illinois to Harrison County, Mo. , and taking up his residence in 
 Bethany conducted the Harrison County Press, a weekly newspaper, 
 for about six months, when he abandoned the newspaper business, and 
 served as deputy county clerk until 1872, when he was elected probate 
 judge. After filling that office for one term of four years he was 
 re-elected for a second term, but resigned in 1878, and became a candi- 
 date for county clerk, in which office he has served continuously by re- 
 election in 1882 and 1886. respectively. In politics he had been an 
 old line Whig from the time he was old enough to vote, and at the 
 election in 1860 cast his vote for Bell and Everett, since which time 
 he has been a stanch and imswerving Republican, and has taken an 
 active part in all political campaigns in the county. The first wife 
 of Col. Robinson was Rachel Sims, a native of Nicholas County, Ky. , 
 who died June 5, 1865, and who bore him eleven children: Clarrissa, 
 deceased; Fannie, wife of John L. Grenawalt, of this county; Mary 
 R. , wife of Charles W. Barber, of McPherson County, Kas. ; Lucinda, 
 wife of Frank Simmons, of Springfield, 111. ; George, of McPherson 
 County, Kas. ; Thomas and Robert (twins), who died in infancy; Ann 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 613 
 
 E., wife of Jadge J. F. Bryant, of Bethany; Elizabeth, wife of George 
 R. Williams, of McPherson County, Kas. ; William H., of the same 
 place, and Charles, who died in infancy. The present wife was Sarah 
 E. Kendall, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, by whom the Colonel has 
 had five children: Edgar P. (deceased), Jessie (wife of William O. 
 Selby, of Bethany), Kathleen, Harry P. and Louis P. Col. Robin- 
 son is a member of the G. A. R. , and was the first commander of 
 Lieut. T. D. Neal Post, No. 124, at Bethany, Mo. He is also a 
 Knight Templar, and was one of the charter members of Bethany 
 Commandery, No. 42, and himself and wife are members of the 
 Christian Church, and earnest workers in the promotion of the 
 cause of temperance and morality. 
 
 Robert D. Rogers was born in Tazewell County, Va. , June 14, 
 1830, and is a son of Gilbert R. and Sene (Doak) Rogers, natives 
 of Sussex County, Va . , and Tazewell County, Va. , and born in 1804 
 and 1806, respectively. The father was a cabinet-maker by trade, 
 which occiipation he followed iintil his death in 1864. R. D. is the 
 eldest of a family of four sons and three daughters, all of whom 
 grew to maturity, except one; he grew to manhood in his native 
 county, learning the cabinet-maker's trade during his youth, and was 
 maiTied in that county November 30, 1854, to Miss Nancy, daughter 
 of William Six, and a native of Wythe County, Va. Before becom- 
 ing of age Mr. Rogers was elected captain of a company of militia, 
 and when twenty-one was elected district assessor of his county, 
 which office he filled two years. After his marriage his principal 
 occupation was that of farming until the spring of 1859, when he 
 removed to Bethany, Harrison Co., Mo. From 1861 until 1865 
 he worked at his trade in Mitchellville, and then engaged in the 
 mercantile business at that place two and a half years. From that 
 time he worked at carpentering until 1871 when he moved upon some 
 raw land he had purchased, where he now resides. Up to the 
 present year he has been engaged in carpentering while his son man- 
 aged the farm. He has held various local offices, the position of town- 
 ship trustee having been filled by him six years, and has been the 
 assessor of bis township since 1881. He is a Democrat in politics, and 
 was appointed by the Governor in 1877 county assessor, in which 
 office he held a full term of two years. He has received several 
 nominations for county offices by his party, and although he has 
 always run ahead of his ticket has been defeated on account of the 
 Republican majority in the county. In 1882 Mr. Rogers received a 
 majority of ninety votes for circuit clerk in his township when the Repub- 
 
614 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 lican majority was ten votes. To Mr. and Mrs. Eogers the follow- 
 ing children have been born: William D., Mary J., wife of James P. 
 Garton), Missouri A. (wife of J. J. Wilson), Cora A. (wife of Stephen 
 C. Duncan), Lydia E., Sene E., Robert T. and Edgar W. Three 
 children were lost in infancy. Mr. Eogers joined the Bethany I. O. 
 O. F. lodge in 1864 and the A. O. U. W. in 1887. He is not a 
 member of any church, but Mrs. Eogers belongs to the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church South. 
 
 T. G. Eogers was born in Clay County, Ky., in 1841, and is a son 
 of George H. and Nancy (Robinson) Eogers, natives of North Carolina. 
 The father immigrated to Clay County, Ky., after his marriage, and 
 there engaged in farming. While there he served as sheriff, and filled 
 other offices, and in that county his twelve children were born, nine 
 of whom are living. In politics he was a Democrat, and in creed his 
 wife was a Baptist. They moved to Daviess County, Mo., in 1847, 
 where both the father and mother died. T. G. Rogers was six years 
 old when his parents came to Missouri and passed his youth upon a 
 farm in Daviess County. He began life for himself by clerking for 
 his brother-in-law, M. Moss, with whom he afterward engaged in the 
 mercantile business several years. In 1864 they sold out and went to 
 Gallatin, Mo., but in 1866 traded their store for a flour and gristmill near 
 Gallatin which they sold in 1870, then going to Trenton, Grundy 
 County. There they engaged in the mercantile line, and in 1879 Mr. 
 Rogers sold his interest to Mr. Moss, and went into business at Caines- 
 ville'with John Hall, who was succeeded by his nephew, G. R. Wilson. 
 Messrs. Rogers & Wilson are among the leading merchants in Gaines- 
 ville at present, and carry a choice stock of general merchandise. 
 They do a large business and are well patronized by Mercer and 
 Harrison Counties. In 1861 Mr. Eogers maiTied Miss Elenor, daugh- 
 ter of Isaiah Chambers, a pioneer of Mercer County. Mi', and Mrs. 
 Rogers have one child, Herbert T. , who is a groceryman in Gainesville, 
 and married a daughter of Hon. Joseph H. Burrows . Mr. Eogers 
 assisted in establishing the Bank of Cainesville in 1883, since which 
 time he has been vice-president of the same. He is a member of 
 the A. F. and A. M. , and also the I. O. O. F. 
 
 J. M. Rogers was born in Gallatin, Daviess Co., Mo., January 26, 
 1846. His father, Jacob S. Eogers, was born in Kentucky, and came 
 to Missouri directly from his native State when a young man. He 
 entered land near Gallatin, where he farmed about five years, and 
 then entered more land near the present site of the town, upon which 
 he farmed more than twenty years, becoming one of the prominent 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 615 
 
 and substantial farmers of the place. He owned about 560 acres of 
 good land, and was interested in stock raising, keeping on an average 
 over 100 head. He was united in marriage in Daviess County to Miss 
 Elizabeth T. Scott, daughter of Charles Scott [see sketch], by whom 
 he had seven children, three now living: Martha Hagan, C. M. and 
 J. M. Rogers, all of whom are married. The father died upon his 
 farm in Daviess County, and was buried at Gallatin. The mother is 
 a resident of Gainesville. J. M. Rogers received but a limited educa- 
 tion during his early life, which was passed upon his father's farm. 
 At the age of fifteen he began life for himself, hiring out as a farm 
 hand, and when seventeen enlisted in the Forty-eight Iowa Volunteer 
 Infantiy, under Capt. Summers, in which he served about six months. 
 He then enlisted in the Fifty-first Missouri Infantry, under Capt. 
 Halleck, and, after being mustered out at the close of the war, 
 returned to Daviess County. He worked there for a short time, and 
 then went to Montana, spending about thirteen years west. At the 
 expiration of that time, having accumulated some means, he returned 
 to Missouri, locating in Harrison County, where he has since resided. 
 On the 23d of March, 1880, he was united in marriage with Miss 
 Laura Goddell, which union has been blessed with three children, all 
 living: Leroy, Inas N. and an infant unnamed. Since his return 
 from the west IVIr. Rogers has been engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness with J. M. Moss, at Cainesville, the firm being known as Moss & 
 Rogers. Mr. Rogers is a well-to-do business man, owning an interest 
 in the firm's store house, town property in Cainesville and real estate 
 in Scotland and Daviess Counties. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 He is a member of the G. A. R. , and his wife belongs to the Baptist 
 Church. 
 
 John M. Sallee, attorney at law of Bethany, Mo., was born in 
 Mercer County, Mo., October 22, 1849, and is a son of Joseph M. and 
 Matilda Ann (Dunkerson) Sallee [see sketch]. He was reared to man- 
 hood in his native county, and, after receiving a good literary educa- 
 tion prepared himself for teaching, which he did four years in early 
 life. He began the study of law about 1876, in Iowa, and for several 
 years alternately read law and worked at various occupations, in order 
 to secure a livelihood. In 1883 he came to Bethany, Mo., where he 
 was admitted to the bar, and which he has since made the field of 
 his professional labors, meeting with good success and controlling a 
 lucrative practice. He is an unswerving Democrat, and, although he 
 has never held an office by election, served a short while by appoint- 
 ment as prosecuting attorney for Harrison County, in 1886, filling the 
 
616 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 unexpired term of the late Oscar Butler. Xovember 20, 1870, he 
 married Sarah C. Elmore, daughter of the Rev. G. C. Elmore, of 
 Mercer County, which union has been blessed with two children: He, 
 a daughter aged fourteen, and Clyde, aged one. 5Ir. Sallee is a 
 Master Mason, and has passed all the chairs in the local Blue Lodge. 
 
 John D. Savage was born in Carter County, Ky., November 17, 
 1842. His father, Nicholas Savage, was born in West Virginia, and 
 reared in Kentucky, in Greenup and Carter Counties, of which his 
 parents were early settlers. In the first named county he married 
 Mary McCrosky, a native of Virginia, and about 1875 sold his farm 
 and moved to Missouri, where he died in 1883. His wife is still liv- 
 ing at the advanced age of eighty-one. Of a family of six sons and 
 two daughters who grew to maturity, six are now living; two brothers 
 and one sister who reside in Daviess County, Mo., and our subject, 
 are the only residents of this State. John D. grew to manhood upon 
 his father's farm in Greenup County, where he was married in March, 
 1867, to Helen H. Swearingen. Mrs. Savage was born in Greenup 
 County, and is a daughter of Clement Swearingen of the same place. 
 After his marriage IMr. Savage farmed one year upon the home place 
 in Kentucky, and in the fall of 1868 came to Missouri, where he 
 bought land upon which he still resides. He now owns 330 acres of 
 rich bottom land, well fenced, and thirty acres timbered. He has a 
 good house and substantial outbuildings, and has made all the 
 improvements upon the place himself. Mr. and Mrs. Savage are the 
 parents of the following children: Jennellie (wife of Charles Stitts, of 
 Daviess County), Mary N., Fred., Nicholas, Henrietta, Garlie D. and 
 Charlie. Mr. Savage is always interested in educational matters, and 
 has been a member of the school board a number of years. He is a 
 Master Mason, and a member of the McFall lodge. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. Both himself and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 C. M. Scott was born in Davidson County, Tenn. , in March, 1822, 
 and is a son of Charles and Ann (Miller) Scott, natives of Washington 
 County, Va. , and Tennessee, respectively. The father was a mechanic 
 by trade, and was married in Davidson County, Tenn. (William Miller 
 being his wife's father), where for many years he served in official 
 positions. His family of two daughters and one son were bom there. 
 In 1822 he immigrated to Missouri, where he established a ferry at 
 the mouth of Grand River, Brunswick, Mo. Soon after he engaged 
 in blacksmithing at Bluffton, then the county seat of Ray County. 
 Shortly after himself and wife became victims of a fever, and died 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 617 
 
 at the residence of the latter' s parents, near Richmond. Charles 
 Mitchell Scott was left an orphan at the age of two years, and until 
 twelve made his home with his maternal grandfather. He was then 
 apprenticed to learn the tailor's trade, which he left to join the Indian 
 War vinder Gen. Taylor, Col. Morgan and Capt. Sconks. He partici- 
 pated in the fights at Lake Okachobee, Pea's Creek, St. Johns and a 
 number of skirmishes. After one year's service he returned to Rich- 
 mond, fi'om there went to Daviess County, Mo., then came to 
 Harrison County, and took up a claim near West Bethany, where he 
 built the first house in the county, upon the present site of Dr. 
 Skinner's residence, in 1838. He afterward bought a farm in Liv- 
 ingston County, which he sold, and went to Grundy County, where 
 he lived two years, and married Miss Lou Sarah Scott. In 1843 he 
 retui'ned to his property in Harrison County, and assisted in the 
 organization of the county in 1845. There he was the first coroner, 
 and served as deputy sheriff, postmaster, treasurer, and in 1850 was 
 appointed assistant marshal, to take the census of the county. In 
 1852 he lost his wife, by whom he has had five children — one now 
 living — Lou Emma Clark, a resident of Cainesville. He then built 
 a mill at Gallatin, Daviess County, which he sold later, and then 
 clerked five years at that place. He next went into the livery busi- 
 ness at Bethany, remaining there until 1S61, when he went to Gentry 
 County. In 1864 he went to Colorado, and in 1865 to St. Joseph, 
 Mo. , where he clerked for Tootle, Hosea & Co. two years. He next 
 engaged in the grocery business there, and, after selling the same, 
 went to Gentry County, a year later coming to Harrison County. He 
 has made several trips west since that time, but in 1881 permanently 
 returned to Harrison County, and located in Cainesville, where he 
 now owns the postofiice, and ofiiciates as postmaster. In 1860 he was 
 married a second time, to Miss Sarah A. Trimble, a native of Callaway 
 County, Mo. , by whom he had five sons, only one now living — Edwin 
 T. Scott. Mr. Scott is a member of the Blue Lodge and Chapter in 
 Masonry. 
 
 William M. Selby was born January 18, 1820 in Nicholas County, 
 Ky., and is the second of nine childi-en born to Joshua and Mary 
 (Riggens) Selby, natives of Maryland, who immigrated to Kentucky- at 
 an early day with their parents. The father was of English descent, 
 and a son of William Selby, who married Miss Townsend. The 
 mother was a daughter of Jesse Riggens, a native of Maryland. Our 
 subject accompanied his parents to Rush County, Ind. , when six years 
 old, and was there reared and grew to manhood. At the age of nine- 
 
 3B 
 
618 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 teen he went to Franklin County, Ind. , where he was married in 
 March, 1840, to Miss Maiiha A. Flint, by whom he had seven chil- 
 di-en: George W., Joshna J., Thomas J., JohnF., James P., Jesse 
 B. and Rachel. Mrs. Selby died in the fall of 1865, and in June, 
 1866, Mr. Selby was united in maiTiage with Mrs. Temperance J. 
 Allen, nee Flint, and a daughter of Thomas and Rachel (Foster) 
 Flint, natives of Maryland and Kentucky, respectively. Mr. Selby 
 is a self-made man, and owns a nicely improved farm of 200 acres 
 upon which he resides. He is a Republican in politics, and cast his 
 first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln. He was elected justice 
 of the peace in 1864, but shortly afterward resigned the position. 
 Diu-ing the Rebellion he served as a commissary sergeant in the Mis- 
 souri State Militia. Both himself and wife are members of the Chris- 
 tian Church. He has never been connected with any secret organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 J. J. Selby, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Sherman 
 Township, was born in 1842 upon thfe farm where he has since resided, 
 and is the second child born to William and Martha (Flint) Selby [see 
 sketch]. When he had reached his majority he began life for himself 
 as an independent farmer with 40 acres of land which was unimproved, 
 but by industry and good management is now the owner of 272 acres 
 which are well improved and in every way equipped for farming. 
 About 1862 he was married to Miss Mary F. Fail, daughter of Isaac 
 and Electa (Rathbone) Fail, and of German descent. To this union 
 five children have been born: William Heron (deceased), Rosa May, 
 Columbus Owen, John Percy, George Clifford. Mr. Selby is a Re- 
 publican in politics, and during the war served in the Missouri State 
 Militia. Himself and wife are worthy members of the Christian 
 Church, and rank among the respected citizens of the township. 
 
 Judge John F. Selby was born in Harrison County, Mo., in 1845, 
 and is a son of William M. and Martha (Flint) Selby [see sketch of 
 William Selby]. John F. is the third child living, and was educated 
 in the district schools of his neighborhood, making his home with his 
 parents until eighteen years of age. His sympathies were with the 
 Union during the war, and in October, 1864, he enlisted in Company 
 F, Forty-third Missouri Volunteer Infantry, for one year, or during 
 the war. He was stationed in Southern Missouri, and served until 
 discharged at Jefferson BaiTacks in July, 1865. August 31 of that 
 year he married Miss Sarah E. Wills, daughter of George Wills, and 
 who was born in Macon County, Mo., May 27, 1848, which union was 
 blessed with one child, William O. Subsequent to his marriage, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 619 
 
 Mr. Selby bought 120 acres of land, where he has since resided. Judge 
 Selby lost his first wife February 28, ISSO, and May 4, 1882, was 
 united in marriage with Miss Mary F. Sutton, daughter of Simeon 
 Sutton. Mrs. Selby was born September 24, 1858, near Peoria, 111., 
 and came to Harrison County when small. She is the mother of the 
 following children: Edmond Rosco and Joshua Frederick. Judge 
 Selby is an influential and well-to-do citizen of Harrison County, and 
 owns 200 acres of good land. In politics he is a Eepublican, and his 
 first presidential vote was cast for Lincoln in 1864. In November, 
 1886, he was elected jiidge of the county court for the Second Dis- 
 trict for two years. He is a member of the G. A. E. , T. D. Neal 
 Post, No. 124, at Bethany, and himself and wife belong to the Chris- 
 tian Church. 
 
 Francis Shackleton is a sou of John and Mary (Smith) Shackleton, 
 natives of Yorkshire, England, where they were reared and married. 
 About 1845 they came to the United States, and located in Illinois. In 
 1848 the father went to California to engage in mining, and the mother 
 not having heard from him for a long time concluded that he had died, 
 and consequently returned to England with her family. Coming 
 home and finding the place deserted, the father sought his family in 
 the old country, and returning with his wife and children, settled in 
 Harrison County, Mo., in 1856. His death occurred in 1868, but 
 his widow still survives. In politics he was a Democrat, and to him- 
 self and wife seven childi'en were born, of whom three are living. 
 Fr ancis Shackleton was reared upon a farm in Illinois, where he was 
 born in 1848, and during his youth received a common-school educa- 
 tion. At the age of thirty he began life as a farm laborer, and in 1873 
 went to California, where he worked about two years. Having re- 
 turned home he was married in 1876 to Catherine Simpson, by whom 
 two children were born: Preston and Catherine. Mrs. Shackleton 
 died in 1879, and in 1882 our subject married Sarah M. Howard, who 
 was born in Henry County, 111. , in 1864. This union has been blessed 
 with but one child, Josiah A. Mr. and Mrs. Shackleton are both mem- 
 bers of the Christian Church, and in politics the former is a Demo- 
 crat. Mr. Shackleton is a well-to-do farmer, owning 240 acres of 
 land, the greater part of which is the result of his own labor and 
 economy. 
 
 William Sharrock, one of Harrison County's old and prominent 
 citizens, was born in New York City in 1821, and istbesonof Timothy 
 and Ellen (Conky) Sharrock. Timothy Sharrock married in New 
 York City, and shortly after the birth of William moved to Ohio, 
 
620 HAKKISON COUNTY. 
 
 where he engaged in farming, and remained until his death in 1875. 
 The mother died when the subject of this sketch was thirteen years 
 old, at which time he left home, and was employed by neighbors to do 
 farm work; he also worked on a canal as driver, continuing this work 
 until twenty-one years of age, when he married Polly Ann Johnson, 
 who was born about the same year as her husband, in the State of 
 Ohio. Shortly after this marriage he emigrated West in search of a 
 home, stopping near Burlington, Iowa, one year, when he came to 
 Harrison County, Mo. , and has since lived there. His wife died one 
 year after their an-ival in Missouri. By this marriage there were two 
 children, both of whom died in infancy. In 1855 he married Mary 
 Ann Oxford, who was born in Grundy County, Mo., about 1839. 
 This union has been blessed with six children, three of whom are liv- 
 ing, and three deceased. In March, 1862, Mr. Sharrock left home, 
 and enlisted in Company G, of the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, and served 
 for three years with credit, participating in many battles and skir- 
 mishes, being honorably discharged at the end of that time. He also 
 served six months in the State Militia before going into the United 
 States service. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Church 
 North, and have been for many years. Although his opportunities 
 for a good education were limited, he has by close observation and 
 general reading gi-eatly improved same, and is now a well-informed 
 man, and enjoys the esteem of a great many friends. Although never 
 aspiring to office, he has always been a hearty supporter of the Re- 
 publican party. 
 
 Lorenzo Shaw, a well-to-do farmer, is of English descent. His 
 parents were natives of Saratoga County, N. Y., who moved to 
 Orleans County, and from there to "Waushara County, Wis., where 
 the mother died in the prime of life, and the father at the age of 
 seventy- eight. He was a Democrat in politics, and in creed his wife 
 was a follower of the Baptist faith. Stephen and Miami (Horton) 
 Shaw were the parents of ten children, all but one of whom were 
 reared to maturity, and eight are now living. Lorenzo Shaw is the 
 eldest child, and was born in Saratoga County, N. Y. , November 25. 
 1818, where he was reared. At the age of twenty-two he married 
 Miss Cornelia Lewis, who is of English and German descent, and a 
 daughter of John and Phoebe Lewis. After his marriage he moved 
 to Orleans County, N. Y. , and twelve years later went to Wisconsin, 
 where he engaged in farming with his father for thirteen years. 
 From there he went to Kansas in 1859, and then to Adams County, 
 Iowa, in 1860; next farmed three years in Appanoose County, Iowa, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 621 
 
 and then permanently located in Harrison County, Mo., in 1864. He 
 is an enterprising and well-to-do farmer, and owns 155 acres of good 
 land, which is all the result of his labor and industry. To himself 
 and wife six children have been born, all of whom are married: 
 Martha A., Mary A., Charles E., George W., Albert A. and Ernest 
 E. One child lives in Wichita, Kas. , and one in Gallatin, Mo. , the 
 remainder being residents of Harrison County. Mrs. Shaw is a 
 member of the Baptist Church, and Mr. Shaw is a Eepublican in 
 politics. 
 
 G. "W. Shaw is a son of Lorenzo and Cornelia (Lewis) Shaw, 
 natives of New York, who emigrated to Wisconsin and made their 
 home in that State a number of years. Mr. Shaw from there went 
 to Douglas County, Kas. , where he remained but a short time on 
 account of the great drought. He consequently went with his stock 
 to Appanoose County, Iowa, and tbree years later, in the fall of 1864, 
 came to Harrison County, Mo., where he now makes his home. He 
 is now seventy years of age and ranks among the county's enterpris- 
 ing and substantial farmers. G. W. was born in Milwaukee, Wis., 
 May 25, 1849. At the age of fourteen he began to work at the 
 harness trade, but when sixteen enlisted in Company D, Fifty-first 
 Missouri Volunteer Infantry, under Capt. G. W. Herrick. He par- 
 ticipated in no regular engagements, and after the cessation of hos- 
 tilities spent two years working upon a farm, and clerking for Mr. 
 Burrows, in Cainesville. He then spent about five years in Montana 
 mining, prospecting and fighting Indians. In 1872 he returned 
 to Missouri where he married Miss Ruth Pitzel, a native of Ohio, and 
 daughter of Dr. Pitzel, a leading physician of Harrison CoiMity. 
 After his marriage Mr . Shaw farmed two years in Madison Township 
 and then became a partner of the Hon. Joseph H. Burrows in the 
 mercantile business, in which line of trade he has since engaged with 
 success. Mr. and Mrs. Shaw have had seven children, five of whom are 
 living: Ola, Orin, Frederick, Burnice M. and Bessie. Mr. Shaw is a 
 Republican in politics and a member of the G. A. R. Mi-s. Shaw is 
 a member of the Baptist Chui-ch. 
 
 John Shepherd was born in Butler County, Ohio, September 26, 
 1824, and is a son of Andrew and Sarah (McMahan) Shepherd. The 
 father emigrated from Ireland with his mother to America, and settled 
 in Butler County, Ohio, where he afterward married. He was a 
 weaver by trade, but passed the greater part of his life engaged in farm- 
 ing. He spent some time in Clinton County, and Tippecanoe, Car- 
 roll Co. , Ind. , and then went to Brewer Countv, Iowa, where he 
 
622 HAEKISON COUNTY. 
 
 lived three years or until his death. The mother died while in Tip- 
 pecanoe, Ind. ; she was a faithful member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 In politics Mr. Shepherd was once a Democrat but afterward became 
 a Republican; after the death of his wife he joined the Christian 
 Church. He was twice married. To his first marriage six children 
 were born, of whom three are living. His second wife, who was a widow 
 named Mrs. Garress, and whose maiden name was Dawson, bore him 
 four children, two of whom are living. John Shepherd was reared 
 in Indiana, and at the age of twenty-four began life for himself. He 
 first wedded Miss Han-iet Morrison, a native of Carroll County, Ind., 
 who bore him one child, Thomas J. , and died five years later. He 
 was then married in Carroll County to Sarah Ann McAiiley a native 
 of Ohio, and after living in Iowa three years spent three and a half 
 years in Putnam Co\inty, Mo. They then came to Harrison County, 
 and located upon Mr. Shepherd's present place, which contains 200 
 acres of well stocked land. In politics Mr. Shepherd is a Eepublican, 
 and during the war did efficient service in the Missouri State Militia 
 Home Guards. Mr. and Mrs. Shepherd have been married over 
 thirty-three years and have a fine family of nine living children: 
 Louisa, Nancy J., Parker, Annis, Harriet, John W., Caroline, Andi-ew 
 and Daniel (twins). 
 
 Arthui' D. Shipley, circuit clerk and ex officio recorder of Harrison 
 County, Mo., was born in Tazewell County, 111., December 19, 1853, 
 and is a son of George C. and Mary H. (Thompson) Shipley, natives 
 of Kentucky and Illinois, respectively. The father emigrated from 
 Kentucky to Illinois in 1835, and came to Missoiiri. In 1855 he 
 located in Harrison County, and is now one of the old and respected 
 citizens of Trail Creek Township. The mother died in 1876, leaving 
 five sons and three daughters: Arthiu- D., Rachel E. (wife of Francis 
 M. Dyer), Charlotte Ann (wife of Elisha W. Wright), Benjamin F., 
 Marquis D., William N., Sarah J. (wife of Charles J. Carter), and 
 Allen E. To the father's second marriage, to Lucinda (Ellington) 
 Dyer, one son, Rosce C, has been born. Arthui- D. was reared upon 
 a farm, and after receiving a good English education prepared him- 
 self for a teacher, which occupation he followed almost continuously 
 until 1882. He was then elected to his present office, and, after serv- 
 ing four years in a highly satisfactory manner, was re-elected in 1886, 
 and is now discharging the duties of that office. He has always been 
 a stanch Republican. April 20, 1876, he mamed Rosetta Wright, a 
 native of this coimty, and daughter of John S. Wright. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Shipley two children have been born: Mary Edith, March 6, 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 623 
 
 1877, and Sylvanus Carl, December 12, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Shipley 
 are members of the Christian Church, and are well respected citizens. 
 
 Tobias B. Sherer, of Bethany, Mo., was born in Philadelphia, 
 Penn., February 12, 1834, and is a son of Dr. Jacob M. and Mary Ann 
 (Beehler) Sherer, natives, resjaectively, of Lancaster and Philadelphia, 
 Penn. The father was a graduate of the old JefPerson Medical College, 
 and practiced his profession successfully until his death in Pennsyl- 
 vania, which occurred early in the decade of the fifties. The mother 
 died in HaiTison County, Mo. , about the close of the war while here 
 upon a visit. Tobias is one of a family of seven sons and two daugh- 
 ters, himself, Jacob W. and Benjamin M. being the only survivors. 
 After graduating from the public school in his native city he served 
 three years' apprenticeship with a pharmacist in that city, and in 1856 
 went to Iowa. The following year he came to Bethany, where, after 
 teaching school a year, he opened a drug store, which was the first 
 established in this section of the country. In 1863 he enlisted as a 
 private, but was afterward made a non-commissioned officer of Com- 
 pany E, Forty-third Missouri Volunteer Infantry. Soon after the 
 war he re-engaged in the drug business here, and has since conducted 
 the same with well deserved success. He carries a large and well 
 selected stock, and makes a specialty of compounding prescriptions. 
 For the past three years his son, Charles A. , has been a partner in the 
 business. Mr. Sherer was united in marriage with Serena J. Allen, 
 daughter of "William K. Allen, one of the old and worthy pioneers of 
 this county, now deceased. This union was blessed with five children: 
 Charles A., William I. (deceased), Herbert S. (deceased), Frank W. 
 and Annie (deceased). Mrs. Sherer died in 1881, and was a member 
 of the Christian Church, to which Mr. Sherer also belongs. He is 
 a Republican, and has served as county school commissioner two 
 years, besides filling various other local offices of honor and trust. He 
 is a Knight Templar, being Past Eminent Commander of the local 
 Commandery, and is a member of the G. A. K. 
 
 "William C. Shumard, one of the respected citizens of Harrison 
 County, was born in Monroe County, Ohio, in 1842, and is a son of 
 T. P. and Susan (Stewart) Shumard, who came to Missouri in 1855, and 
 lived in this State until their deaths. The father was a tailor by trade, 
 but spent the latter part of his life engaged in farming. August 3, 
 1861, William C. Shumard enlisted in Company E, Twenty-third 
 Missouri Infantry, United States Army, in which he remained three 
 years and two and a half months, during which time he participated 
 in some of the principal battles. He is a prominent man in his 
 
624 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 township and has filled the offices of township collector and justice of 
 the peace for several years. September 14, 1865, he married Sarah 
 E. (Hendren) Morris, widow of John W. Moitis, who died while in 
 the service of his country. To Mr. and Mrs. Shumard five children 
 have been born: Mary E. (wife of James T. Kemp), and Charles H. 
 C. Shumard, James W. F. Shumard, Oliver G. Shumard and Bertha 
 I. Shumard. The youngest is now seven years old. Both Mr. and 
 Mrs. Shumard are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the 
 foi-mer belongs to the Masonic fi-aternity. He is a well-to-do farmer and 
 located upon his present place in 1867. This farm contains 240 acres 
 of good land, and in connection with agricultural pursuits Mr. Shu- 
 mard is interested in stock raising. In politics he is a Eepublican; 
 he is a member of the G. A. R. 
 
 Dr. H. J. Skinner is the oldest practicing physician of Harrison 
 County, and one of the leading citizens of Bethany, the county seat. 
 He was born in Perry County, Ohio, March 10, 1831, and is the seventh 
 of nine childi'en born to Samuel and Elizabeth (Hazelton) Skinner, 
 natives of Pennsylvania. The father was born in Somerset County, 
 December 10, 1790, and was a son of Nathaniel Skinner, also a native 
 of that county, and a soldier in the Revolutionary War, who removed to 
 Belmont County, Ohio, late in life, where he died. The mother was 
 born in "Westmoreland County, in 1796, and was a daughter of John 
 and Barbara Hazelton, also natives of that county. John Hazelton 
 was a farmer, and late in life, removed to Licking County, Ohio, 
 where himself and wife both died. Samuel Skinner, the father of our 
 subject, moved to Perry County, Ohio, about 1818, and engaged in 
 farming and working at the blacksmith's trade. He was highly re- 
 spected and esteemed in the community where he lived, and for twenty 
 years filled the office of justice of the peace. His death occurred 
 Januaiy 14, 1863, and his wife died in Clinton County, 111., in 1868. 
 She was a member of the Baptist Church. H. J. Skinner was reared 
 upon a farm, and during his youth attained a fair education by 
 first attending the district schools and afterward the Somerset 
 Academy, in Ohio. He was a schoolmate of Lieut. -Gen. Philip 
 Sheridan; the two boys leaving school the same day, one to enter 
 college and the other to take up the study of medicine. H. J. Skin- 
 ner began the study of his chosen profession at the age of seventeen, 
 at New Lexington, under Dr. A. Lewis, with whom he spent three 
 years, after which he spent two years under Dr. Van Nalta, at the 
 same place. His parents having in the meantime removed to White 
 County, Ind., he joined them and began to practice medicine in that 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 625 
 
 neighborhood. From 1855 to November 17, 1857, he lived in various 
 places and then located at Eagleville, Harrison Co., Mo., where he 
 practiced until November 17, 1870, when he was elected clerk of the 
 circuit court and register of deeds of Harrison County, by the Repub- 
 licans, and removed to Bethany. In 1874 he was re-elected without 
 opposition in his own party, and again in 1878 was elected, thus 
 holding the office twelve consecutive years. After retiring from public 
 life he resumed his medical practice which he has since continued with 
 success. January 15, 1854, he married Susan Duncan, who was born 
 in Tippecanoe County, Ind. , September 28, 1837, and was a daughter 
 of William and Mary Duncan. This union was blessed with one son 
 and one daughter: Josephine S., wife of John J. Warringer, of Beth- 
 any, and Charles H., a physician of Denver, Colo. Mrs. Skinner 
 died September 25, 1862, and August 5, 1864, Dr. Skinner married 
 her sister, Charlotte, who was born in White County, Ind. , March 8, 
 1840, and was the mother of five childi'en: Edna R. (wife of Thomas 
 Monson), Willie (born April 12, 1867, died September 12, 1870), 
 Hariy B. , Loren H. and Latu'a C. (twins). Mrs. Skinner died July 
 12, 1884, and the Doctor then married Emily J. Hess, a native of 
 Indiana, born June 10, 1850, and daughter of Judiah and Mary 
 Osmon. 
 
 William H. Skinner, prosecuting attorney of Harrison County, 
 Mo., was born near New Lexington, Perry Co., Ohio, November 26, 
 1844, and is a son of William H. and Polly Skinner, who were mar- 
 ried December 5, 1843, they being natives, respectively, of Pennsyl- 
 vania and Ohio. His mother's maiden name was Skinner previous to 
 her marriage with his father, but no known relationship existed 
 between his parents, previous to their marriage. His father died May 
 10, 1844, and his mother about 1850 became the wife of Joseph 
 Brown, and now resides with her husband at Emporia, Kas. William 
 H. was reared to manhood on a farm near Somerset, Peny Co. , Ohio, 
 and during the War of the Rebellion served in the Union army as a 
 corporal in Company G, One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiment Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry. On February 20, 1866, he was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Sarah C. Simpson, a native of Muskingum County, 
 Ohio, who is still living. They have six children, named respectively 
 Alice B., Edgai-, Claude, Lillie V., I von and Estella O. In May, 
 1866, he removed to Clinton, 111. , and read law in the office of Hon. 
 Henry S. Greene until December, 1867, when he removed to Emporia, 
 Kas. , where he pursued his studies until the following spring, when 
 he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law there. 
 
626 HAKKISON COUNTY. 
 
 which he continued until 1877. He was Deputy United States Col- 
 lector of Internal Revenuefor the Southwest Kansas District from 
 1S69 to 1873, and was employed by the United States Government 
 for nearly a year of that time in investigating the Speer revenue 
 frauds. He came to Bethany, Mo., in March, 1877, where he has 
 succeeded in establishing himself as one of the successful legal prac- 
 titioners in the local courts, and has also established a large practice 
 in the prosecution of pension claims. He is and always has been 
 a Republican in politics, and cast his first presidential vote for 
 Grant in 1868. In 1883 he was elected mayor of the city of Bethany, 
 and served a term in that capacity, but at the end of his term 
 declined to be a candidate for re-election. In 1886 he was nominated 
 by the Republicans of Han-ison County for the office of prosecuting 
 attorney, and in November of that year was elected to that office, 
 the duties of which position he is now discharging. Mr. Skinner was 
 a charter member of Lieut. T. D. Neal Post, No. 124, G. A. R., 
 of Bethany, Mo., and tilled the position of adjutant of that post 
 for the first two years of its existence, and was commander of 
 the post for the year 1886. He has taken a leading part in the 
 organization of the G. A. R. in Harrison and adjoining counties, 
 having mustered all the posts in Han-ison County except Post No. 124, 
 and also the posts at Bancroft and Pattonsbui-g, in Daviess County. 
 When the Third Congressional District reunion of soldiers and 
 sailors was held at Bethany in 1886 he was appointed by the post 
 as chairman of the executive committee of management, and was 
 afterward made commander of the camp, and in connection with others 
 succeeded in making that the most successful reunion ever held in the 
 district. He is also a Select Knight of the A. O. U. W. , is a member 
 of the legal fraternity who possesses both experience and ability; 
 takes an active interest in all measures of reform, progi'ess and mor- 
 ality; has been an active worker to promote the interests of the pub- 
 lic schools of Bethany, and is recognized as one of the enterprising 
 citizens of the town. 
 
 Anthony Skroh was born in Bohemia, in the western part of the 
 Austrian Empire, June 11, 1854, and is a son of Joseph and Annie 
 (Tiala) Ski-oh. The father was a tanner by trade, but abandoned the 
 same for farming. He and his wife' s family immigrated to America in 
 1869, and immediately proceeded to Harrison County, Mo., where 
 Mr. Skroh lived until his death, July 19, 1875. He left a family of 
 three childi'en: Joseph, Anthony and Annie, who remained at home 
 until 1877. They then spent three years in Princeton at the expira- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 627 
 
 tion of which Anthony returned to the old homestead with his sister 
 (who died two years later), and Joseph remained at Princeton. Pre- 
 vious to the death of his sister Mr. Ski-oh married Mary Stoklasa, a 
 native of the same part of Bohemia in which he was born, and whose 
 father came to this countiy in 1876. This man-iage has been blessed 
 with three children: Annie Eozi, Frederick W. and Charles H. 
 Mr. Skroh is a well-to-do farmer, and the owner of 150 acres of val- 
 uable land, and is one of the enterj^rising men of the township. His 
 father was a prominent citizen in his neighborhood during his life, and 
 held several ofiSces. He was over sixty-two years of age at the time of 
 his death, and his wife died at the age of over forty-nine years. 
 
 John W. Smith was born in Daviess County, Mo., Septembers, 
 1831, and is a son of. Judge Benson and Sarah (Wright) Smith, 
 natives of Tennessee and South Carolina, respectively. About 1820 
 the family moved to Missouri, and after living several years in Clay 
 County, moved to Daviess County about 1827. There the father entered 
 land and they remained until 1844, when they came to Harrison 
 County, and moved upon land Mr. Smith entered. He was a soldier 
 in the Black Hawk War, served as probate judge in Daviess County, 
 and as justice of the peace in Harrison County, where he died in 1853. 
 The mother is now living at the age of seventy-three. John W. grew 
 to manhood in Harrison County, upon the farm, and in 1850 made an 
 overland trip to California with Samuel Nelson and others from the 
 county, and at the expu-ation of live months landed in what was 
 then known as Hang Town. After spending three years mining and 
 prospecting and two years ranching, he started for home in 1855, 
 where he arrived July 14 of that year, having returned via the 
 Isthmus and New York. He then bought land in White Oak Town- 
 ship, upon which he settled. December 17, 1864, he married Adeline 
 W. Clater, sister of A. S. A. Clater, and a native of Virginia. Having 
 traded his White Oak property for his present place Mr. Smith 
 removed in 1865. He now has 179 acres, which he has greatly 
 improved. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church South, and have the following family: Frances 
 Isabel, wife of William L. Bailey; Samuel E., Sarah E., William 
 V. , Charles R. , James T. and John A. Mr. Smith is a stanch Demo- 
 crat. He has eight brothers who are farmers in Missouri, six resid- 
 ing in Han'ison County, and has three sisters who live in this county. 
 
 James A. Smith, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Barren 
 County, Ky., February 5, 1832, and is a son of Caleb and Lina 
 (Anderson) Smith, natives of Kentucky, who after their marriage in 
 
628 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 Barren County located upon a farm there. In the spring of 1853 they 
 immigrated to Missouri, and settled in Han-ison County, where they 
 still reside, and for the past fifteen years have lived quietly in Eagle- 
 ville. Both are now eighty-three years of age, and are members of 
 the Missionary Baptist Church. The father has spent his life farm- 
 ing, and in politics is a Democrat. James A. is the fourth of a 
 family of seven children, and grew to manhood upon his father's 
 farm, during which time he received a common-school education. 
 In October, 1861, he joined the State MUitia, and in August, 1862, 
 enlisted in the regular army, and served until mustered out June 10, 
 1865, at Washington, D. C, in Company D, Twenty- third Missouri 
 Volunteer Infantry. He participated in the battle at Atlanta and 
 numerous minor engagements, and was in the campaign from Dalton 
 to Atlanta. With the exception of the time spent in the army his 
 entire life has been devoted to agricultural pursuits, and in December, 
 1852, he came to Harrison County, Mo., where he ranked among the 
 early settlers. In May, 1854, he wedded Miss Sarah A. Brown, a 
 native of Illinois. In the fall of the present year he moved upon his 
 present place, and now owns 280 acres in the home farm and 160 
 acres near by, also in Harrison County. Himself, wife and two 
 children are members of the Christian Church. The children born 
 to his man-iage are Caleb J., born November 11, 1860; Martha, born 
 June 15, 1867, and Amos J., twin brother of Martha. In politics 
 Mr. Smith is a stanch Democrat. 
 
 John Smith was born in Ross County, Ohio, March 29, 1833. 
 His parents, Solomon and Mary M. (Litchliter) Smith, were natives of 
 Virginia, and of Irish and German descent respectively. They were 
 married in their native State, where the father engaged in farming and 
 school teaching. They reared a large family of childi-en, eight of 
 whom are living, and from Virginia emigrated to Ohio, where both 
 died. The mother was eighty years of age at the time of her death, 
 and the father died July 12, 1887, aged ninety-one, being the oldest 
 man in his county at the time. He now lies by the side of his wife 
 in Fayette County, Ohio. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and 
 his father-in-law was a soldier in the Kevohitionary War. J. H. 
 Smith is the eldest living son of the above family, and July 17, 1861, 
 was married to Miss Louisa Rupart, a native of Fayette County, Ohio, 
 born March 30, 1840. In 1863 Mr. and Mrs. Smith came to Harrison 
 County, Mo., where Mr. Smith now owns 300 acres of well cultivated 
 , and improved land, and is classed among the enterprising and 
 successful citizens. To himself and wife the following children have 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 629 
 
 been born: William H., born September 30, 1862; Mary A., born 
 September 5, 1864; Jacob A., born February 18, 1867; Minerva E., 
 born May 22, 1870; Albert S., born November 15, 1872; Charles H., 
 born May 6, 1874; John O., born March 21, 1876; Rachel E., born 
 August 8, 1881. Mr. Smith is a Republican in politics. 
 
 Elder Alex Hale Smith, a well known minister of the Reorganized 
 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was born in Caldwell 
 County, Mo., June 2, 1838. His parents, Joseph and Emma (Hale) 
 Smith, were natives of Vermont and Pennsylvania, and born in 1805 
 and 1804, respectively. The father was assassinated at Carthage, 
 Hancock Co., 111., June 27, 1844, and the mother died at Nauvoo, 
 111. , April 30, 1879. Alex Hale accompanied his parents to Quincy, 
 111. , when about a year old, and later was taken by them to Nauvoo. 
 He was there reared in a hotel, and received a good education. In 
 1861 he married Miss Elizabeth Kendall, a native of England, and 
 subsequently continued to make his home in Nauvoo until 1868. He 
 then removed to Piano, Kendall Co., 111., but two years later re- 
 turned to Nauvoo, where he remained six years. In the spring of 
 1876 he came to Harrison County, Mo. , and D eeember, 1880, went to 
 Stewartsville, DeKalb County. In March, 1882, he removed to In- 
 dependence, Jackson Co., Mo., and in April, 1887, came to Colfax 
 Township, where he owns a tract of good land. In the spring of 1862 
 INIr. Smith united with the above named church, and in the spring of 
 the next year was ordained to the office of teacher. In April, 1864, 
 he was ordained an elder, and since that time has been actively 
 engaged in discharging his ministerial duties. In 1866 he was ap- 
 pointed missionary in charge of the Pacific Slope Mission, which com- 
 prised the States of California, Oregon, Nevada, besides Idaho. After 
 laboring in this field two years he returned home in the spring of 1869 
 and resumed his work here. Mr. Smith is a man who has been suc- 
 cessful in his life work, and in connection with his missionary work has 
 a good farm in this county. 
 
 N. J. Smith is of English descent, and was born in Hendricks 
 County, Ind., July 8, 1832. His father, Eli Smith, was a farmer, 
 and was born and reared in Kentucky. From that State he immi- 
 grated to Indiana with his father, where he was married in Hendricks 
 County to Miss Eliza Ann S. Smith, a native of Kentucky. For about 
 eighteen years he resided in Boone and Hendricks Counties, and in 
 1856 came to Harrison County, Mo., where he died at an advanced 
 age, as did also his wife. Both had been members of the Missionary 
 Baptist Church for many years. Mr. Smith was a life-long farmer, 
 
630 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 and in politics a member of the Democratic party. N. J. Smith is one 
 of a family of seven children, all living, and after becoming of age 
 learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked several years with 
 success, during which time he immigrated to Harrison County, Mo. 
 Here he purchased a farm with his earnings, which now contains 160 
 acres and is nicely improved. July 17, 1878, he was united in mar- 
 riage with a cousin, Miss Lydia Smith, a native of Boone County, Ind. , 
 and daughter of Reuben and Melinda (Tuspin) Smith. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Smith one child, Rule May, has been born. Mx. Smith is a 
 Democrat, and during the war served three years in Company D, 
 Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, under Cols. Tindall and Robinson. 
 He participated in the battles at Shiloh, Atlanta, Jonesboro and many 
 others, and was mustered out at Atlanta. 
 
 John M. Snedeker was born in Mercer County, N. J., in 1832, and 
 is the third of a family of six children born to James W. and Ann 
 (Newell) Snedeker, natives of Middlesex County, N. J. The father 
 was a son of Jacob and Ann (Griggs) Snedeker, also natives of New 
 Jersey, and the mother was a daughter of John Newell and Ruth (Dis- 
 brough) Newell, who were born, lived and died in New Jersey. The 
 Snedeker family trace their origin to Holland, and the Newells to Ire- 
 land and France. John M. Snedeker was reared in his native State, 
 and at the age of nineteen went to Warren County, Ohio, where he 
 was married. In 1856 he moved to Tazewell County, 111., and in 
 the spring of 1882 came to HaiTison County, Mo. He began to do for 
 himself when fourteen years old, so that his property is the result of 
 his own business ability and good management. He now resides upon 
 and owns 320 acres of land, has 240 acres in another tract, and is 
 one of the prominent and successful farmers and stock raisers of the 
 township. In November, 1853, he married Miss Amanda, a native of 
 "Warren County, Ohio, and daughter of Hannah Maranda, who lost 
 her husband when Mrs. Snedeker was an infant. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Snedeker two children have been born: Melanthon, and one who died 
 in infancy. Mr. Snedeker is a Democrat in politics, and has served 
 his township in several different capacities, and was once a Democratic 
 candidate for the Legislature, and although not elected ran ahead of 
 his ticket by a handsome majority. He is a harness-maker by trade, 
 having become proficient in that line in Trenton, N. J. , and having 
 followed that occupation about twelve years while in Ohio and Illi- 
 nois. 
 
 John Snipes a farmer of Union Township was born in Bartholomew 
 County, Ind., in 1835, and is the son of Nathan and Margaret (Camp- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 631 
 
 bell) Soipes, who were natives of North Carolina and Kentucky, 
 I'espectively, but accompanied their parents to Indiana, where their 
 marriage occurred. In 1856 they went to Harrison County, locating 
 in Union Township, where, with the exception of one year spent in 
 Indiana, they lived until their death, that of the father occurring in 
 1883, while the mother died in 1876. Mr. Snipes was a member of 
 the Dunkard Church, while his wife was a Baptist. Their son, John, 
 had only the advantages of a common country school until his 
 majority, when, by his own labor, he obtained money to attend school 
 at Bethany part of one year. He was married in 1857 to Miss 
 Martha, daughter of William and Christina Fancher, formerly 
 of Tennessee. This union has been blessed with four children, two of 
 whom are living — William L. and Eliza Ellen. His wife dying in 
 January, 1869, Mr. Snipes was wedded the same year to Miss Chris- 
 tina, daughter of Emanuel and Mary Fluke, which union has resulted 
 in eight children: Emma, Frank M. , Marietta Margaret, Kutherford 
 B. , Martha C. , Arabel M. and Isabel M. (twins) and Adelbert. When 
 Mr. Snipes first located at Bethany, he helped to manage a saw mill, 
 but gave that up and went to Marion Township, thence to "Union 
 Township, where he has since resided. In 1861 he enlisted in 
 Company G, Twenty-third Missouri Volunteer Infantry, in the Army 
 of the Cumberland, First Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Army 
 Corps, commanded by Gen. Thomas. He served three years as 
 private, corporal and sergeant, consecutively, engaging in the battles 
 of Shiloh and Jonesboro, also went through the Georgia and Atlanta 
 campaign, and was mustered out at Savannah, Ga., January, 1865. 
 In politics he is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Fillmore in 
 1856. He is a prominent member of the G. A. E., also of the 
 Farmers' Aid Association. Both Mr. Snipes and wife are faithful 
 members of the Christian Church, and Mr. Snipes is an active worker 
 in the Sunday-school. By his enterprise and perseverance he has suc- 
 ceeded in acquiring 200 acres of land — eighty acres in a state of good 
 cultivation, and the rest pasture and timber land. 
 
 Elder Joseph Smith Snively, a minister in the Reorganized Church 
 of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was born in Pike County, 111. , 
 February 21, 1840. His parents, Hugh and Eleanor (Stevenson) 
 Snively, were born, reared and married in Pennsylvania. Early in 
 life they united with the Mormon Church, and followed that sect fi-om 
 Pennsylvania to Ohio, Missom-i, and Quincy and Nauvoo, 111. Later 
 they went to Indiana, and finally located in Lee County, Iowa, where 
 they died five and seventeen years ago, respectively. The father was an 
 \ 
 
632 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 elder in the church up to the death of Joseph Smith, and then refused 
 the apostleship that Brigham Yoiang accepted. Upon the reorganiza- 
 tion of the church he united with same, and remained a member until 
 his death, but on account of infirmity never engaged in the ministry. 
 Joseph Smith Snively received a liberal education during his youth in 
 Indiana, and in the spring of 1867 united with the church. In the 
 spring of 1868 he was ordained elder at Piano, 111. , and the next nine 
 years engaged in missionary work in Iowa, Illinois, Michigan and 
 Upper and Lower Canada. The greater part of the time was spent in 
 Canada, where he organized several churches and baptized a number 
 of persons. In February, 1878, he came to HaiTison County, Mo. , 
 and in connection with preaching engaged in fai-ming, where he now 
 resides. In 1881 he was elected presiding elder of Decatur district, 
 and was superintendent of this section for two years, since which time 
 he has farmed and officiated as a local preacher. November 23, 1871, 
 he married Miss Ann M. Traxler,by whom he has had four sons and three 
 daughters, two of the former being now deceased. He was in Indiana 
 at the outbreak of the war, and enlisting in the Federal army August 
 11, 1862, served in Company E, Sixty-fifth Indiana Infantry. He 
 participated in thirty -six engagements, among which may be mentioned 
 the battles at Knoxville, Franklin and the Atlanta campaign. Mr. 
 Snively owns 120 acres of fertile land, and in politics is a Republican. 
 Josef Sobotka was born in Bohemia, Austrian Empire, August 16, 
 1836, and is a son of John and Annie (Shanteutchek) Sobotka, both of 
 whom died in the old country. Josef was reared and educated in his 
 native land, and after his father's death, February 19, 1848, he became 
 an apprentice to the butcher's trade, serving the three years required, 
 and remaining in the same place two years longer. After this he was 
 occupied in different localities until 1858, when on Christmas day he 
 opened his own shop, and carried on the same until 1867, when he 
 came to America, and directly to Harrison County, Mo. In 1859 he 
 married Miss Klubka Anastazie, and upon emigrating to the United 
 States had a family of three children. In this country four- more 
 were born, two of whom died. Emanuel, Joseph, John, Franklin, 
 "William (deceased), Frederick (deceased), and Charles, are the names 
 of the children. ^Mr. Sobotka at first rented land near Cainesville 
 for two years, and then bought a lot in the town, upon which he built 
 and lived four years. He then engaged in butchering and various 
 other employments, and then bought forty acres of his present place, 
 upon which he built and where he has since lived. This place he 
 immediately began to improve, and now owns 400 acres of well stocked 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 633 
 
 and improved land, making him one of the ■well-to-do citizens of the 
 county. In politics he is a Democrat. Two of his children are mai-- 
 ried, one living in this county and one in Iowa. 
 
 J. J. Stoner was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1832, and 
 is a son of Jacob and Nancy (Jordan) Stoner, natives of Pennsylvania 
 and Maryland, respectively. They were married in Muskingum 
 County, Ohio, and farmed there until 1855, when they went to War- 
 ren County, Ind., at which place the father died. In 1856 the widow 
 and younger sons moved to Harrison County, Mo., after which J. J. 
 returned to Ohio, as he was the executor of his father's estate. There 
 he married Margaret Goodin, a native of Pike County, Ohio. In 1857 
 he came west, and taught school about twenty terms in Harrison 
 County, Mo. , Pike and Jackson Counties, Ohio, and Warren County, 
 Ind. , although he made farming his principal occupation. He has 
 four children: Samantha J. (wife of S. Whitinger, of California), 
 Herschel H. , Alva P. and Angelettie N. H. H. Stoner is a physician. 
 Mr. J. J. Stoner is a Democrat, and served three weeks in the Missouri 
 State Militia during the war. He has 100 acres of land in the home- 
 stead, well stocked and improved, and twenty acres in bottom lands. 
 
 Josephus Sullinger was born in Ray County, Mo. , June 28, 1815, 
 and is a son of William and Mille (Roland) Sullinger, natives of North 
 Carolina, where they were married. The father was an early settler 
 of Ray County, where he carried on a farm in connection with survey- 
 ing and carpentering. While at Prospect Hill, Ray County, he served 
 as postmaster a number of years. In 1864 he went to Andrew County, 
 where he was appointed postmaster of Fontainbleau, which position 
 he held until his death in May, 1887. He was twice man-ied, his first 
 wife having died in 1858. His widow still survives. He reared a 
 family of nine sons and four daughters, seven of the former and three 
 of the latter still living, and two of the sons and two of the daughters 
 residents of Harrison County. Josephusleft home when fourteen. He 
 first spent three years in California, Oregon, Montana, Washington 
 Territory and Utah. In 1868 he returned fi-om the West, and pur- 
 chased a small piece of raw land, where he now lives, and to which he 
 has added until he now owns 320 acres of well improved land, upon 
 which he has erected good buildings. In 1870 he began to buy and 
 trade in stock, and since 1877 has done a great deal of shipping, being 
 at present one of the largest shippers of the county. In April, 1869, 
 he was married in Gentry County, Mo. , to Miss Margaret A. Madden, 
 a native of that county, and daughter of William T. Madden. To 
 this union four children have been born: Allie, George M., Minnie F. 
 
634 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 and one infant, now deceased. Mr. SuJlinger is a worthy member of 
 the K. of P. 
 
 Capt. Simeon Sutton, a farmer and mechanic of Cypress Township, 
 was born in Preble County, Ohio, in 1821, and is tbe eighth of eleven 
 children of George and Hannah (Gard) Sutton, who were married in 
 Pennsylvania in 1805, and the same year removed to Ohio, thence to 
 Hamilton County, thence to Butler County, and finally to Preble 
 County, where the father died in 1861, and the mother in 1862. Mr. 
 Sutton served as second sergeant under Gen. Harrison in the War of 
 1812; his father was one of the minute men in the Revolutionary War, 
 while his grandfather was one of the first to settle west of the moun- 
 tains in Permsylvania, having gone there prior to the French and 
 Indian War, and locating near where Gen. Braddoek was defeated. 
 Capt. Sutton received but a limited education, and in 1853 was married 
 to Miss Hannah, daughter of Benjamin and Hannah Morton. This 
 marriage has resulted in five children, all living: Benjamin M. ; Emma 
 F., wife of J. C. Howe; Mary F., wife of John F. Selby; Sarah J. and 
 Noah E. In 1854 he went to Knox County, HI., from there in 1859 
 to Daviess County, and two years later located in Cypress Township, 
 Harrison County, where he has since resided, living seven miles south 
 of Bethany, on a fine farm of 136 acres, all under cultivation. When 
 the war broke out, he was made captain of Company B, of the East 
 Missouri Militia, which he commanded till 1864, operating in Harrison 
 and Daviess Counties. In 1864 he was made captain of Company E, 
 Forty-third Missouri Infantry, and operated along the Missouri Eiver 
 till the close of the war, being captured at Glascow in September, 
 1864, and taken to St. Louis, where he was held prisoner several weeks; 
 was then released and resumed operations. In politics he was formerly 
 a Whig, casting his first vote for Henry Clay, but since the war has 
 been a Republican. He and wife are members of the Missionary 
 Baptist Church, and he is also a member of the G. A. E. Always an 
 advocate of all educational enterprises, he has taken great pleasure in 
 giving his children the benefit of a good college education, the elder 
 son being a practicing physician at Bridgeport, and the younger a 
 teacher. 
 
 John Taggart, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Sherman 
 Township, was born May 15, 1828, in Monaghan County, Ireland, and 
 immigrated to the United States in April, 1832. He landed first at } 
 
 Montreal, and in the winter of that year went to New York City. In | 
 
 the spring of 1833 he went to Philadelphia, and a year later to Lum- 
 berville, Penn. , where he resided four years, and then to PhoenixvUle 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 635 
 
 where he received a graded-school education. He began life for 
 himself at the age of twenty-five as a school teacher, at which vocation 
 he continued engaged four years. About 1838 he went to Indiana, and 
 in 1857 came to the State of Missoui'i, with his parents, and set- 
 tled in Morgan County, which was at that time but little improved, 
 and began farm life, assisting in felling the forest, building log 
 cabins, rolling logs into heaps, and everything else necessary in a new 
 country. He remained engaged in farming until 1864, when he estab- 
 lished himself in the mercantile business at Bolton, Mo. In 1869 he 
 sold his stock of goods, went to Bethany, and entered the store of 
 Bohannon & Slinger as a clerk, where he remained three years. He 
 moved to his present location in 1873, and has since engaged in farm- 
 ing and stock raising, in which he is quite successful. Although he 
 began life in moderate circumstances he now owns 160 acres of nicely 
 improved land, and is one of the substantial men of the township. 
 October 9, 1851, he married Miss Matilda Ann, daughter of John and 
 Nancy (Moore) Wiley, natives of Ohio. To Mr. and Mi's. Taggart 
 ten children have been born: John W. (deceased); Nancy Ann, wife of 
 Josiah Bogue; Wiley P.; James O. (deceased); Madora E., wife of 
 Robert S. Mayhugh; William W. ; Bessie, wife of James Weldon; 
 Emma M. ; Charles M. and Nona B. Mr. Taggart is a Democrat in 
 politics, and was elected State senator in the fall of 1886, by 125 
 majority, in a district usually Republican by more than 500 majority. 
 For several years he served his township as constable, and in various 
 o£Scial capacities, and dui'ing the war organized and was elected cap- 
 tain of Company D, Home Guards. He has been a member of the 
 I. O. O. F. for over thirty-five years, and himself and wife belong to 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. To his parents, John and Ann 
 Jane (Bothwell) Taggart, natives of Ireland, seventeen children were 
 born, of whom John is the fourth. The father died in 1868, aged 
 sixty-six, and the mother in 1869, aged sixty-two. 
 
 David S. Thomas was born in Guilford County, N. C, October 
 16, 1841, and is a son of D. M. and Lucinda (Edmiston) Thomas, 
 both natives of North Carolina. The family moved from North Caro- 
 lina to Han-ison County, Mo., in 1843, where the father entered 240 
 acres in one tract, upon which he lived until his death in May, 1862. 
 He was three times married, the mother of oxir subject having died 
 shortly after coming to Harrison County. David S. grew to manhood 
 in Harrison County, upon the farm, and in September, 1861, enlisted in 
 the Confederate army in the First Missouri Cavalry. He participated 
 in the battles of Blue Mill Landing, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Champion's 
 
636 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 Hill and Big Black, and served until May IT, 1863. He was then 
 taken prisoner, and confined in the prison at Camp Morton, Ind. , 
 Fort Delaware and Point Lookout. He was afterward paroled, and then 
 worked upon a farm near Baltimore, Md. , until 1870, when he 
 returned to Han'ison County. September 25, 1866, he was married to 
 Sarah E. Elliott, daughter of Yachel A. Elliott, and who was bom 
 near the city of Baltimore. Mr. Thomas farmed upon land in the 
 southwest portion of the county until 1878, when he removed to 
 Matkins, where he engaged in the mercantile business in 1879. He 
 has established a good trade, and is now one of the prosperous busi- 
 ness men of the place. He is a Democrat, and in the spring of 1881 
 was elected justice of the peace, in which office he served four terms. 
 He has one son, Marvin L. , aged sixteen, and himself and wife are 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. 
 
 Luther D. Tilley was born May 3, 1827, in West Virginia, and is 
 a son of Reuben D. and Sarah (Baker) Tilley, natives of Stokes County, 
 N. C. , and Surrey County, N. C. , respectively. The family moved 
 from that State to Kentucky in 1827, and remained about six months 
 in Louisville, after which they moved to Monroe County, Ind., where 
 they lived about six years. Thence they went to Illinois, and in the 
 fall of 1836 went to Platte County, Mo., where they made their home 
 until February, 1846. They then came to Butler Township, Har- 
 rison County, where the father improved a farm, upon which he lived 
 until his decease. There was a family of four sons and seven daugh- 
 ters who grew to maturity; of these three brothers and four sisters 
 are living and two of each sex reside in HaiTison Coimty. Luther D. 
 is the second sou, and accompanied his parents when they came 
 to Missouri and later to Han-ison County. In March, 1849, he 
 accompanied a Government train under command of Col. Loren to 
 Oregon. The train consisted of 125 wagons, mule teams, six companies 
 of soldiers and 250 head of cattle. He went as far as Dais, Oreg. ; then 
 down the river by canoe to Vancouver; thence to Oregon City, the jour- 
 ney occupying five months. He remained in Oregon seven months, aud 
 in April, 1850, went to California, where he remained but a short time 
 and then went to Oregon City, at which place he worked until the spring 
 of 1851. During 1850 he was with Joseph Lain at the time of the 
 treaty with the Eogue Eiver Indians. He returned to California, and 
 spent about two years prospecting and mining near the Shasta River 
 without much success. In June, 1855, he started for home via 
 Panama, Aspinwall, New York City and Chicago. He reached his 
 destination in July, 1855, and then entered 269 acres of his present 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 637 
 
 land. He has since purchased more, and now owns 500 acres, 440 of 
 which are well cultivated. He has a nice, large, two-story building, 
 stables etc. , upon his home place, and a fine residence and outbuild- 
 ings upon another portion of the farm. He also has a place well 
 improved in Butler Township. December 5, 1855, he was united in 
 marriage in Harrison County with Martha J. Martin, daughter of 
 Nathaniel Martin, a pioneer settler of Harrison County. Mrs. Tilley 
 was born in Indiana, but came to Missoui-i in 1840 at the age of 
 three. Mr. and Mrs. Tilley are the parents of the following children : 
 James F. (of Kansas), Benoni, Nathaniel M. (of Colorado), Augustine, 
 William L., Ulysses G. and Benton. Mr. Tilley served three years 
 in the State Militia, and aided materially in keeping the Confederates 
 out of Northern Missouri. He has always supported the principles 
 of the Republican party. 
 
 Mahlon C. Turner is a son of Robert and Phoebe (Canady) Turner, 
 natives of Illinois, and was born in Daviess County, September 11, 
 1860. The father emigrated to Harrison County, Mo. , when Mahlon 
 was a small boy, and there engaged in farming near Bethany until 
 his death in 1880. His mother having died soon after his birth, Mah- 
 lon was reared by his father, and during his youth learned the har- 
 ness and saddler's trade in Bethany. In January, 1887, he bought 
 the harness and saddle establishment of Arthur Edson, and is now 
 successfully engaged in that business on the east side of the square, and 
 is controlling a large share of the patronage of the city and county in 
 this line. In 1883 he man-ied Mollie Keen, of Daviess County, Mo., 
 by whom he has one son — Don. D. Mr. Tui-ner is a Democrat in his 
 political views, and is one of the enterprising business men of 
 Bethany. 
 
 A. M. C. Twadell was born in Jennings, Ind., March 10, 1849, 
 and was biit an infant when his parents decided to move to Mercer 
 County. He lived at home upon the farm until nineteen, and then 
 went west, where he spent some time in the Colorado Mountains and 
 "Wyoming Territory as a freighter hand. After passing a winter in 
 Kansas he engaged in farming and stock raising in Mercer County, 
 Mo. , ten years, and in 1877 came to Harrison County, Mo. Here he 
 bought a small farm, and shortly after married Eliza Humble, a native 
 of Hancock County, Ind. (born October 29, 1854), by whom he has 
 had fom- childi'en: Nellie G., born June 22, 1879; Amos B., born 
 September 18, 1881; Bessie D., born October 4, 1885, and Rocky P., 
 born September 18, 1887. Mr. Twadell owns 260 acres of land, 180 
 being in the home place, which is well cultivated and improved. In 
 politics Mr. Twadell is a stanch Republican. 
 
638 HAKBISON COUNTI. 
 
 Dr. K. H. Vandivert was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, No- 
 vember 14, 1819, and spent his youth upon a farm with no educational 
 advantages, until after reaching the age of nineteen, when an elder 
 brother assisted him in laying the foundation to his after-knowledge. 
 Near the close of the Mexican War he organized a company of sol- 
 diers, but, as the war was near its end, the company was rejected. He 
 was married February 1, 1848, to Agnes H. Berry, who was finely 
 educated and greatly assisted her husband in his efforts to become a 
 well-informed man. He began the study of medicine with the brother 
 of his wife, and, although when first married he was very poor, he 
 earned enough money to enable him to attend lectures in the Sterling 
 Medical College, of Columbus, Ohio, by nursing cholera patients at 
 the Columbus penitentiary. In 1856 he left Ohio for Lawrence, Kas., 
 but on account of the border troubles changed his route, and 
 located in Harrison Coimty, Mo. , where he an-ived in June of that 
 year, and where he has since lived with the exception of eight years 
 spent at Salem, Daviess County. June 8, 1858, he lost his wife, and 
 July 31, 1859, married Mary J. Ellis, who died January 16, 1872, 
 and on June 12, 1873, he was urSted in marriage with Mary U. Kes- 
 sler, who survives. To the first marriage five boys were born ; the 
 first died in infancy; J. Worth died in Bethany, Jamiary 29, 1880; and 
 the other three — Dr. A. H. , A. Hubeand Samuel W., survive, together 
 with a daughter, Hattie — born of the last marriage. Politically 
 the Doctor was an Abolitionist fi'om boyhood, and upon the organi- 
 zation of the Republican party he became an active member of the 
 same. He presided over the first Republican convention held in Har- 
 rison County, and in 1869 filled the vacancy in the State Senate 
 caused by the death of Senator Elwell, to which position he was 
 elected in 1870, and which he filled until the expiration of the term. 
 He enlisted in the war at its commencement, but served only a short 
 time on account of rheumatism. From ^1868 he was a member of the 
 Christian Ch\u-ch. After the war he farmed and traded in stock for 
 about ten years, and for several years during the latter part of his 
 life was senior member of the firm of Vandivert, Nordyke & Co. He 
 was a member of the T. D. Neal Post, G. A. R., and his death 
 occurred March 29, 1887. 
 
 Ashman H. Vandivert, born in Muskingum County, Ohio, April 
 6, 1853, is the son of the late R. H. Vandivert, and came to Missoui-i 
 with his parents in 1856, and, having received a good education, 
 determined to adopt the medical profession. In 1874 he began to read 
 with his present partner. Dr. Jackson Walker, and afterward attended 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 639 
 
 lectxires at Ann Arbor, Mich., whence he graduated in March, 1877. 
 He then practiced one year in Eagleville, and in 1879 went to Colo- 
 rado. In 1880 he came to Bethany, where he has since established a 
 lucrative practice. September 29, 1886, he married Miss Emma 
 Buckles, a native of Madison County, 111. By his fii-st marriage, with 
 Eosa Templeman (deceased), he has one daughter — Bessie A. Dr. 
 Vandivert is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Grand 
 River Medical Society. He is colonel of the Missouri Division of the 
 Sons of Veterans, and is a member of the A. O. U. W. 
 
 Lewis Van Meter was born in Salem County, N. J., June 11, 1818, 
 and is a son of David and Ruth (Whitaker) Van Meter, also natives 
 of New Jersey. His paternal grandfather was a native of Holland, 
 and came to the United States prior to the Revolution. David Van 
 Meter was a well-to-do farmer, and the father of six soqs and one 
 daughter who grew to maturity. He died when Lewis was but a lad. 
 The latter was reared in his native State, and was there maiTied March, 
 15, 1846, to Rebecca, daughter of Isaac and Rachel (Dubois) Johnson, 
 all three of whom were born in New Jersey. The year following his 
 marriage Mr. Van Meter moved to Cass County, Ind., where he 
 improved a farm, and resided nine years. In 1856 he sold out, and 
 came to Missouri, locating in the northwestern part of Harrison County, 
 where he bought land which he proceeded to improve. He has a fine 
 tract of 1,100 acres, all fenced and nearly all improved. He resides 
 in a brick residence which cost over $3,000, and has good barns and 
 outbuildings. He has been a very successful farmer but is now living 
 a more retired life and enjoying the fi-uits of his labor. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Van Meter seven children have been born: Joseph, who is married 
 and lives upon the home place; Katie, wife of Dr. A. M. Willey, of 
 Hampton; Albert, also married and living upon the farm; Rachel, who 
 died in 1873, aged twenty-three, and three who died in infancy. Mr. 
 Van Meter has always interested himself in the progress of education, 
 and was a member of the school board for some time. He also assisted 
 in building some three schoolhouses. During the Rebellion he served 
 in the Missoiiri Militia. He is a member of the Christian Church, and 
 is a Master Mason in the Eagleville lodge. 
 
 James Van Meter was born in what is now Harrison County, IMo., 
 January 11, 1843. His father, James Van Meter, was a native of 
 Ohio, and his mother, Mary (Phnmell) Van Meter, was also born in 
 that State. In Aiigiist, 1839, they moved to what is now Butler Town- 
 ship, Harrison County, where the father died in August, 1842. His 
 widow survived him several years, and was married again. James 
 
640 HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 Van Meter, Jr., was reared by his maternal grandfather, who 
 accompanied him to Missouri. He passed his youth upon the 
 farm where he now resides, and August 3, 1861, enlisted in the 
 Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, in which he served until discharged 
 September 22, 1864, at the expiration of his enlistment. He en- 
 listed as a private, but afterward was promoted and became a 
 non-commissioned officer. He was captured during the first day 
 of the battle of Shiloh, and held a prisoner two months, afterward 
 being paroled, when he returned home until exchanged. He was 
 present at the siege of Atlanta and several skirmishes, but was never 
 severely wounded. The year following his discharge he engaged in 
 farming in Harrison County, where, January 28, 1866, he man-ied 
 Catherine Maize, whose father and mother were natives of Alabama 
 and Indiana, respectively. John R. and Rachel (Flint) Maize moved 
 to Harrison County after their marriage, and subsequently located 
 upon the place where they have since resided. Mr. Van Meter owns 
 192 acres of land, 180 fenced, and 50 acres in timber land. The 
 remainder is mostly meadow, pasture and plow land, which is well 
 improved, and upon which good buildings have been erected. Mr. 
 Van Meter is a svipporter of the Republican party, and has served as 
 constable and registrar of his township. He is greatly interested 
 in educational projects, and has been a member of the school board 
 some fourteen years. He belongs to the Pattonsburg lodge, A. F. & 
 A. M. , and the G. A. R. post at Bethany. Mrs. Van Meter is a member 
 of the Christian Church, and the mother of the following children: 
 Vada (wife of William Green), Rachel, Asby, George, Lora, Robert, 
 Elsie, Cecil and Orpha. 
 
 Albert Van Meter was born November 30, 1857, within four miles 
 of his present residence, and is the youngest of a family of seven 
 children born to Lewis and Rebecca (Johnson) Van Meter, natives of 
 Salem County, N. J., who, shortly after their marriage, moved to 
 Cass County, Ind., and from there to Harrison County, Mo., about 
 1856, and are now residing near New Hampton, Mo. The father 
 served during the Rebellion as a member of the Home Guards. Our 
 subject was reared upon a farm, upon which he worked until twenty - 
 one, and then spent two years upon the railroad. He was first a 
 fireman on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, between Antonito, 
 Colo. , and Elmargo, N. M. , and afterward filled the same position on 
 the Southern Pacific Railroad, between Los Angeles, Cal. , and Fort 
 Yuma, Aiiz. , after which he worked on the Northern Pacific Railroad 
 between Ainsworth, W. T. , and Sandy Point, I. T., and also 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 641 
 
 traveled quite extensively through Wyoming, Montana, Dakota, Brit- 
 ish Columbia and Old Mexico. He then went to San Francisco, and 
 from there returned home on the Northern Pacific, via Minneapolis 
 and Chicago. He has also traveled through Mexico and Arkansas. 
 He began life for himself when seventeen, and as a result of his indus- 
 try and good management is now the owner of 157i acres of land, 
 upon which he resides, and twenty acres in another tract. June 28, 
 1885, he married Miss Sarah Zinn, a native of Illinois, and daughter 
 of Jacob and Sarah (Larue) Zinn, natives of Pennsylvania. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Van Meter two children have been born (both of whom are 
 deceased): Bertha and Lewis Homer. Mr. Van Meter is a Democrat 
 in politics, and is a member of the Blue Lodge in Masonry. 
 
 John W. Virden was born in Sussex County, Del. , July 23, 1807, and 
 is a son of Mitchell Virden, who was also born in that county and State, 
 and who married Mrs. Naomi Bruce, nee JefPerson, who was a native of 
 the same State. The father engaged in farming in his native county 
 until his death in 1838, and was a son of William Virden, a native of 
 Delaware. John W. had one brother and two sisters, and at the 
 present writing but himself and one sister survive. He remained upon 
 his father' s farm until about twenty-five years of age, and in the sum- 
 mer of 1832 went to Ohio and worked upon a farm in Marion County 
 until 1838, when he spent one season in Shelby County, 111. In the 
 spring of 1839 he removed to Schuyler County, 111., and in the spring 
 of 1840 came to Harrison County, Mo. , being the first settler of White 
 Oak Township; his nearest neighbor was seven miles distant. He 
 immediately took a claim, or a squatter's right, on the land upon which 
 he now resides, and when the same came into market, some six years 
 later, he entered it. He at first entered 160 acres, to which he after- 
 ward added 160, but has since increased his property until he now 
 owns 1,200 acres, for which he has paid from $1 to $20 per acre. 
 About 1,000 acres are improved, with good buildings; 700 devoted to 
 meadow and plow land, and 400 in the home place. On December 31, 
 1846, Mr. Virden married Miss Caroline, daughter of George Black 
 (deceased), of North Carolina, who came with her mother to Harrison 
 County about 1845. By this union there are now four children: 
 William M., John H., Naomi J. and Amy E., wife of F. M. Pruden, 
 of Harrison County. One child, Eliza Ann, died at the age of twelve. 
 Mr. Virden is a stanch Republican. He has never held any ofiice, 
 though at the first election in the county he was elected justice of the 
 peace, but refused to serve. Himself and wife belong to the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
642 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 John H. Virden, farmer and stock raiser of Section 16, Township 
 63, Range 29, was born in Harrison County, Mo., October 6, 1854, 
 and is a son of John W. and Caroline Virden [see sketch]. He was 
 reared and received a good common-school education in his native 
 State, and was here married, February 21, 1878, to Miss Florence A. 
 Chipps, a native of Indiana, but reared in Harrison County, and a 
 daughter of John W. Chipps, now a resident of Cheyenne County, N. 
 M. After his marriage Mr. Virden settled upon his present farm, 
 which contains 200 acres of land, all under a good state of cultivation, 
 and upon which he has built a large one and a half story dwelling 
 house, large barns, cribs, wagon-sheds, etc. He has a nice orchard of 
 about 200 trees, and lives in a comfortable house. He has a family 
 of three children: Lizzie D., Florence E. and Amy J. One son, John 
 E., died August 15, 1884, in his third year. Mrs. Virden is a worthy 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Thomas F. Walton was born in Montgomery County, Ind. , June 
 19, 1843. His parents, David E. and Christine (Walter), were natives 
 of Ohio, born March 30, 1818, and 1817, respectively. Mr. Walton 
 settled in Montgomery County, Ind. , in 1839, and in that year, in Octo- 
 ber, was married. In 1861 he enlisted in the Fifty-first Illinois 
 Infantry, and after being discharged at the expiration of one and a 
 half years for disability returned home. In 1870 he came to Harrison 
 County, Mo. , and lived in Butler Township, until his death in July, 
 1880. He left a widow, four sons and two daughters to mourn his 
 loss, three of whom live in Harrison County. T. F. received a good 
 education during his youth, and for a short time taught school. Septem- 
 ber 17, 1868, he was married in Warren County, Ind., to Jennie Bum- 
 gardner, a native of that county, where she was reared, and daughter 
 of David Bumgardner. After his maiTiage Mr. Walton farmed in 
 Warren County until March, 1873, when he bought a place in Har- 
 rison County, Mo., but then slightly improved. He now has 135 acres 
 well fenced, in meadow and pasture land, and lives in a nice house, 
 surrounded with good outbuildings and a good orchard. Mr. Walton 
 lost his first wife January 10, 1874, by whom he had three children. 
 October 16, 1874, he married Mary C. Bryant, daughter of Stephen 
 Bryant, of HaiTison County, and a native of Clayton County, 111. , by 
 whom he also had three children. The names of all his children are 
 Eva A. , wife of James Kelley ; Warren D. , Louie C. , Ella, Theodore and 
 Ollie. Mr. Walton is a Mason of the Knight Templar degree, and 
 belongs to the Bethany Lodge. In politics he is a Republican, and in 
 creed his wife is a member of the Christian Church. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 643 
 
 George W. Wanamaker, senior member of the firm of Wanamaker 
 & Barlow, attorneys at law at Bethany, was born October 8, 1850, in 
 Belleville, Ontario. His parents, Isaac and Mary (Way) Wanamaker, 
 were both natives of the same place. The father immigrated to the 
 United States in 1869, and located in Chariton Coanty, Mo., where he 
 still lives. George W. was reared in his native country, and educated 
 at the Albert University, at Belleville, Ontario. After graduating from 
 the law department at Ann Arbor, Mich., he went to Kirksville, Mo., 
 and began the practice of his profession. In 1878 he came to Beth- 
 any, where he is now successfully engaged in business as above 
 stated. The firm is well-known in the town, and does quite an exten- 
 sive abstract of title business. Mr. Wanamaker is a Republican, and 
 for three years served as city attorney, but has never aspired to 
 political office. December 23, 1879, he married Bessie Templeman, 
 a native of Bethany, and daughter of William A. Templeman. This 
 union has been blessed with two children — Ernest and Hazel. Mr. 
 Wanamaker is a Master Mason, a member of the A. O. U. W. , and is 
 united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is an influential 
 man, and is greatly in sympathy with the Prohibition movement. 
 George W. Barlow, the junior member of the above mentioned firm, 
 was born in Jackson County, Ohio, August 14, 1855, and is a son of 
 James and Lucinda (Nally) Barlow, natives of Virginia and Ohio, 
 respectively. The family came to Missouri in 1865, and in March, 
 1870, removed to Cypress Township, from Chillicothe, where the 
 father is well known and respected. George W. was educated at the 
 State University, at Columbia, Mo. , and graduated from both the nor- 
 mal and law departments of that institute. He began to practice law 
 in Bethany in 1879, and for one year was a partner of T. D. Neal. 
 For the past six years he has contributed largely to the success of the 
 firm he is now a member of, and is recognized as one of the prosperous 
 attorneys of the town. October 9, 1879, he married Miss Lizzie, 
 daughter of Nelson A. Hockridge, and a native of Bethany, by 
 whom he has had one child — Ina Mabel. In politics he is a 
 stanch Republican, and served one year as city attorney. He is a 
 Master Mason, a member of the Sons of Veterans, and himself and 
 wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Francis M. Watts was born in Daviess County, Mo., November 18, 
 18-41, and is a son of John George and Dulcina (Jones) Watts, natives 
 of Kentucky. The father immigrated to Missouri about 1838, and 
 made his home in Daviess County, Mo., and in Indiana for several 
 years. He is now a resident of Osceola, Iowa. The mother is 
 
644 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 deceased. To them four children were born: Francis M., Malvina 
 (wife of H. M. Chamberlain), Joseph Oscar and Julius. Francis made 
 his home with his parents during his younger days, and learned the 
 watchmaker's trade. He established a business of his own at Cory- 
 don, Iowa, and later came to Missouri, in November, 1883, where he 
 engaged in his present business on the south side of the public square. 
 He carries a large stock of watches, clocks, jewelry, solid and plated 
 ware, and controls a large share of the leading patronage in his line 
 in the city and county. He also has implements and machinery with 
 which he does all kinds of wheel cutting for watches, changing from 
 the key to stem winders, etc. May 1, 1867, he married Mary C. 
 Thomas, a native of Winchester, Ohio, by whom he has one child — 
 Nellie. Mr. Watts is a Democrat, a Mason, a Select Knight of the 
 A. O. U. W., and belongs to the I. O. O. F. 
 
 Joseph Webb, an old settler of Trail Creek Township, is a son of 
 Jonathan and Elizabeth (Henisey) Webb, and is of English descent. 
 His father was a native of Connecticut, and his mother of New Jersey, 
 and after their marriage they located in the latter State, where they 
 spent some time. They next located near Columbus, Ohio. In 1852 
 they came to Missouri, and afterward lived in Iowa and Wisconsin. 
 Their last days were spent with Joseph Webb, who was their sixth 
 child of a family of five sons and four daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Webb 
 were Methodists, and in politics the former was a stanch Whig and 
 Republican. He lived to the advanced age of eighty-nine, and his 
 wife to the age of eighty-two. Joseph Webb was born in Wayne 
 County, Penn., in 1820, and was there reared upon a farm, and 
 received a common- school education. At the age of fourteen he began 
 to work by the month, and in 1843 rode upon horseback to Missouri. 
 Here he was unfortunate, as having loaned a stranger his horse he never 
 saw it again, and sickness consumed his money. After receiving a 
 start again by chopping wood, he obtained a position in a distillery, 
 and became an expert distiller. He afterward spent some time upon 
 the river, attended school in Ohio, and passed two years in Illinois. 
 In 1850 he went to St. Charles County, Mo. , and wedded Martha L. 
 Herndon, who lived but nineteen months. In 1854 he married Mar- 
 garet Lindsay, who died seven months later, and in 1856 he was 
 united in maiTiage with Elizabeth Cockrell, by whom eleven children 
 have been born: William L., Martha L., Charles T., Mary C. , JosejA 
 E., John R., Sarah E., James A., Byron, Leonard and an infant. In 
 1856 Mr. Webb came to Harrison County, Mo. There he now owns 
 2,000 acres of land, and is interested in seven banks. He is an enter- 
 
n-e.f.Ji -^^Z/ 
 
 HARRISON COUNTY 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 645 
 
 prising business man, and has been an extensive stock dealer. In 
 politics he was formerly a Whig, and cast his first presidential vote 
 for Henry Clay, but is now a Democrat. He is a Knight Templar. 
 Himself and wife belong to the Missionaiy Baptist Church. 
 
 Washington B. Weldon, a farmer and stock raiser of Adams Town- 
 ship, was born in Pittsylvania County, Va. , in 1822, and is the son of 
 Jonathan and Nancy H. (Butts) Weldon (the former of Anglo-Scotch 
 ancestry), who were also natives of the same State, born, respectively, 
 in 1775 and 1790. In 1830, shortly after their marriage, which 
 occurred in Virginia, they went to Hart County, Ky., where he died 
 in 1844. His wife afterward, in 1856, went to Harrison County, 
 where she died in 1871. They were both worthy members of the 
 Missionary Baptist Church. Washington B. received a common- 
 school education at home, and was married in 1849 to Miss Mary M. , 
 daughter of Isaac and Hulda Highbaugh, who were natives of Ken- 
 tucky. This union has resulted in eleven children, ten of whom are 
 living: Charles L. , a merchant at Maysville; Thomas A., a tonsorial 
 artist at Trenton; Hulda, wife of Samuel Hudson, of Woolsey, Dak.; 
 Bessie, wife of Asbury Hudson, of Woolsey, Dak. ; George D. , of same 
 place; James M., Martha M., William W., Mary A. and Jonathan B. 
 In politics Mr. Weldon has been a life-long Democrat, and cast his first 
 vote for Polk in 1844. In the year 1855 he left Kentucky, and 
 went to Harrison County, locating four miles southeast of Blue Ridge, 
 where by his industry and careful management he has succeeded in 
 accumulating 480 acres of well improved land, and about seventy acres 
 of timber. ■ Having a limited education himself, he realized the 
 advantages of which he was deprived, and has given his children a 
 common-school education. He has always taken a deep interest in 
 all educational matters. Both he and his wife are faithful members 
 of the Missionary Baptist Church. 
 
 D. W. Wells is a son of Levi and Mary Ann (Holmes) Wells, 
 both natives of Vermont. The father was a woolen manufacturer 
 by trade, and before his marriage worked near Montreal, Canada. 
 He afterward moved near Jackson, Susquehanna Co., Penn., 
 and there pursued his trade a number of years. He then sold his 
 business, and moved to Jackson County, Iowa, where he engaged in 
 farming four years. He next sought a home in Minnesota, when 
 it was a Territory, and bought a farm near the present site of St. 
 Charles. Shortly, however, he immigrated to Lucas County, Iowa, and 
 farmed there from the fall of 1848 until 1862. After the death of his 
 wife in that county he sold his place, and visited his friends and 
 
646 HAERISON COUNTY. 
 
 relations in Pennsylvania, after which he made his home with D. 
 W. Wells until his death, at the age of seventy-five. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Wells were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the 
 parents of five children, three of whom are living, all married: 
 Sidney, of Lucas County, Iowa; Helen Werkheiser, of Monroe County, 
 Penn. , and D. W. The last named was born in Susquehanna County, 
 Perm., March 24, 1844. After the war he worked as foreman in a 
 woolen factory in Marion County, Iowa, a short time, and then went 
 to Missouri and managed a woolen-mill for Edward Mudget two 
 years. He next bought an interest in a saw-mill in Mercer County, and 
 then an interest in a water-mill. This property he afterward sold, 
 and for seven years ran a carding machine and manufactured wagon 
 material. Since that time he has engaged almost exclusively in the 
 saw-mill business, and has extensive mill property on Grand River at 
 Cainesville, valued at over So, 000. He was married in 1869 to Miss 
 Rebecca Ader, of Mercer County, in which her father is a prominent 
 farmer. This union has been blessed with eight children, six living: 
 Elmira, Amos, Agnes, Josie, Marble and Mabel. Mr. Wells owns 
 considerable real estate in the county, and is a stockholder in the 
 Cainesville Bank. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 Gordon Westcott was born October 22, 1829, in Morgan County 
 (now Noble), Ohio, and is the youngest of eight children of Chris- 
 topher and Mary G. (Briggs) Westcott, natives of Rhode Island. 
 The father was a son of Jonathan Westcott, and the mother a 
 daughter of Stephen and Hulda Briggs, natives also of Rhode Island. 
 Gordon Westcott has made his home in Harrison County, Mo. , since 
 1864, and as he started in life for himself when of age, what he is 
 now worth is the result of his own labor and good management. He 
 has 413 acres of well improved land, equipped in every way for farm- 
 ing, and is one of the successful farmers and stock raisers of the 
 township. In 1852 he married Miss Susan B. Lamb, a native of 
 Worcester County, Mass., who was reared in Morgan County, Ohio. 
 Her parents, Alvin and Lucy (Brown) Lamb, were natives of Mas- 
 sachusetts. Mr. Lamb served in the War of 1812, and held various 
 offices until he was finally promoted to the office of colonel ; he died 
 in 1846. Mrs. Lamb was born April 2, 1797. 'and was married Novem- 
 ber 15, 1821. After the death of her first husband she was united in 
 marriage in 1851 to James McKee, who died in 1881, since which time 
 Mrs. McKee made her home with her daughter, Mrs. Mary S. 
 Sprague, of Washington County, Ohio, until her death September 
 10, 1886. Of the six children born to her first marriage, three are 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 647 
 
 living in Ohio and three in Missouri. To Mr. and Mrs. Westcott 
 the following children have been born: Lucy E., Maiy G. (deceased), 
 and Alice C Mr. Westcott is a Democrat in politics, and was the 
 first collector appointed under the township organization, which 
 position he still holds. He is a member of the Blue Lodge in 
 Masonry. 
 
 David V. White was born in Kentucky, September 15, 1824, and 
 is a son of John White and Sally (Tage) White, natives of Virginia 
 and Kentucky, respectively, and both of whom died when David was 
 but a lad. He was then reared by his uncle, Richard Fallis, and in 
 the fall of 1845 came to Missouri, first stopping in Gentry County 
 with some cousins. In the spring of 1846 he enlisted in the United 
 States army. Twelfth Missouri Infantry, under Col. Barnum, and 
 went to Mexico. He served through the entire war, and participated 
 in the day-and-a-half engagement at Contrario, which resulted in a 
 complete victory for the United States, and the day-and-a-half engage- 
 ment at Cherubusco, which was another victory. After his discharge 
 in New Orleans he returned to Gentry County in 1847, where he was 
 married, after which he came to Harrison County, and in 1851 settled 
 upon his present farm, which contains 200 acres, all fenced, 100 
 acres in meadow and plow land. He at first entered 160 acres. To 
 his first maiTiage two children were born: Mary (wife of Samuel 
 Brown, of Buffalo County, Neb. ), and Susan (wife of Samuel Hinote, 
 also of Buffalo County). January 5, 1879, Mr. White was married 
 in Harrison County to Miss Julia Rice, daughter of Daniel Rice, and 
 a native of Hanison County, whither her father moved fi'om Virginia. 
 Mrs. White is the mother of the three following children: Nora Ethel, 
 Clara India, and Bessie, who died when fifteen months of age. 
 
 William W. Wiatt was born in Wan-en County, Ohio, August 14, 
 1826, and is the second of seven children born to James and Sarah 
 (Wildredge) Wiatt, natives of Philadelphia and New Jersey, and born 
 October 22, 1800, and October 24, 1801, respectively. The maternal 
 grandfather, Ralph Wildredge, was a native of Pennsylvania. When 
 a young man James Wiatt immigrated to Dearborn County, Ind., 
 where he married, and subsequently went from there to Warren 
 County, Ohio. He died in Fayette County of that State in 1848. 
 His wife died in Cumberland County, El., in 1864. William W. 
 learned the paper-maker's trade from his father when young, and 
 received a common-school education. When a young man he turned 
 his attention to agricultui-al pursuits, and farmed in Fayette County, 
 Ohio. In 1848 he removed to Cumberland County, 111., and subse- 
 
648 HAKKISON COUNTY. 
 
 qiiently in Coles County occurred his first marriage. In April, 1855, 
 lie came to Harrison County, Mo, , where he purchased eighty acres of 
 land in Jefferson Township, and pre-empted eighty acres more, to 
 which he has added until he has a fine farm of 440 acres, situated sis 
 miles north and three miles west of Bethany. August 3, 1861, he 
 enlisted in Company F of "Merrill's Horse," and served until Sep- 
 tember 15, 1861, when he was discharged at St. Louis, and returned' 
 to his farm, where he has since resided and farmed with success. 
 August 11, 1847, he married Elizabeth Edson, who was born in Coles 
 County, 111., May 13, 1831, and was a daughter of Rachel and Daniel 
 Edson. To this union five girls and two boys were born, five of whom 
 survive. The mother died August 17, 1873, and December 7 of that 
 year Mr. "Wiatt married Joanna Dale, a native of Hart County, Ky., 
 born September 16, 1847, and a daughter of Edward and Sarah (Will- 
 cutt) Dale. Mrs. Wiatt was previously married in 1866 to Jasper N. 
 Eice, who died x\ugust 8, 1871, and by whom there are three surviv- 
 ing childi'en. Mr. and Mrs. Wiatt have two sons, and both Mr. 
 Wiatt and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Jasper N. Rice was in the service during the war, and belonged to 
 Company G, Sixth. Missouri State Militia, and also the Thirteenth 
 Veteran Volunteers. 
 
 L. M. Wickersham is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Meredith) 
 Wickersham, natives of York County, Penn. , where he also was born 
 April 3, 1841. The father was a potter by trade, and engaged in that 
 business in Pennsylvania until 1851, when he immigrated to Keokuk, 
 Lee Co. , Iowa, at which place he ran a foundry iinder the firm, name 
 of Thomas Wickersham & Son. Some of the machinery manufactured 
 there is still in use at Cainesville, Mo. , having been in constant use 
 for over thirty years. In 1858 he sold that property and bought a farm, 
 which he cultivated until 1871, when he moved to Keokuk, and lived 
 a retired life until his death at the age of eighty-two. His wife had 
 previously died in Iowa. He had been very successful in business, 
 and his wealth was once estimated at $100,000. In politics he was a 
 Republican. L. M. was reared in his native county and at Keokuk, 
 and at the age of ten went to work in the foundry where he learned 
 the molder's trade. He then farmed until 1862, when he enlisted in 
 Company C, Twenty-fifth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, under Col. George 
 A. Stone. He served sixteen months, and was then discharged on 
 account of disability. He was at the battles of Arkansas Post, Vicks- 
 burg, Jackson and others, and for three months was in the hospital 
 at Jefferson Barracks. In 1869 he came to Harrison County, Mo., 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 649 
 
 and clerked 'for J. H. Burrows three years, since which time he has 
 been alternately engaged in farming and merchandising. At one time 
 he had a drug store, and in 1SS5 opened a general mercantile store, 
 the firm now being known as Wickersham & McDonald. W. G. Mc- 
 Donald became his partner in 1885, and they carry a good stock for 
 a town of this size. Mr. Wickersham is also connected with a saw- 
 mill near the town, and owns real estate and a nice residence here. 
 In February, 1871, he married Miss Susan J. Woodward, daughter of 
 Rev. John Woodward, which union has been blessed with four chil- 
 dren : Minnie R. , Grace, Pearl O. and Susie A. He is a charter mem- 
 ber of the I. O. 0. F., and belongs to the G. A. R. Mrs. Wicker- 
 sham is united with the Baptist Church. 
 
 Walter J. Wightman was born in London, England, September 
 16, 1845, and came to the United States in December, 1863. He was 
 united in marriage at Brooklyn, N. Y., March 11, 1865, to Isabelle 
 Freeman, and in 1869 came west, and farmed for a few months in Gar- 
 den Grove, Iowa. In November, 1870, he engaged in the newspaper 
 business at Garden Grove, and in July, 1874, removed to Eagleville, 
 Mo. , where he started the first paper ever published in that town. 
 In January, 1883, he removed to Bethany, and started the Bethany 
 Clipper, which he conducted until December 12, 1887, when it was 
 consolidated with the Bethany Republican, of which paper he is now 
 assistant editor and business manager, the paper being owned by a 
 company incorporated under the laws of the State. 
 
 J. P. Wilkinson, Sr., was born in Knox County, Ohio, in 1826, and 
 in the fall of 1838 moved to Southern Missouri, where he lived in Ver- 
 non, St. Clair and Cedar Counties. In the spring of 1846 he came to 
 Harrison County, Mo. , and located two miles south of Bethany on the 
 Gallatin road, where he owns a splendidly improved farm of 100 acres, 
 which is the result of his own unassisted toil, as he began life a poor 
 young man at the age of twenty. In 1851 he married Miss Mary E. 
 Dale, daughter of James A. Dale, a native of Tennessee, who moved 
 to Cass County, Mo., in 1840, and came to Harrison County in 1845. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Wilkinson nine children were born: Minerva E., 
 Charlotte J. , John P. , William M. , James A. , Sarah E. , Rachel E. , 
 Charles A. and Walter S. Mrs. Wilkinson died in 1873, aged thirty- 
 seven years; she had for years been a member of the Christian 
 Church. Mr. Wilkinson is a Republican, and cast his first presiden- 
 tial vote for Gen. Cass. During the war he served in the State 
 Militia. He is the fourth of seven childi-en born to Solomon and 
 Charlotte (Packard) Wilkinson, natives of Dutchess County, N. Y. , 
 
650 HABBISON COUNTY. 
 
 and Vermont, respectively. The father was a drum major in the "War 
 of 1812, and was quite prominently connected with the difPerent coun- 
 ties in which he resided. He was a son of Thomas Wilkinson, a 
 native of England and a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mrs. 
 (charlotte Wilkinson was a daughter of John Packard, also a native of 
 England and a soldier of the Revolution. Both the maternal and 
 paternal grandfathers of our subject were farmers. 
 
 Lewis Williams was born in Giles County, W. Va. , November 9, 
 1823. His father, Larkin \Yilliams was also a native of Virginia, 
 where he grew to manhood and married Rhoda Cook, likewise of 
 that State. He was a successful farmer in Giles County (now Sumner), 
 and died about 1858. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and for 
 his services received a land warrant. Six sons and one daughter 
 grew to maturity and all of the sons are now living. Lewis Williams 
 is the third son, and grew to manhood upon his father's farm in Vir- 
 ginia. November 9, 1848, he married Miss Sarah Cadle, daughter of 
 William Cadle, a native of North Carolina. Mrs. Williams was born 
 in Sumner County, Va. After his marriage Mr. Williams farmed five 
 years in his native county and in the fall of 1853 settled in Hancock 
 County, Ind. Sixteen months later he came to Missouri, and in the 
 spring of 1855 located in Harrison County upon the land, where he now 
 resides. He has since bought thirty acres, and now owns 290 acres in 
 meadow, pasture and plow lands. He lives in a nice house, sur- 
 rounded by good outbuildings, and a finely bearing orchard of about 
 1,000 trees of select varieties. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have reared a 
 family of three children: Virginia E. (wife of Robert Boyd), Alex- 
 ander and Mary. Mrs. Williams is a worthy member of the Method- 
 ist Episcopal Church South. Mr. Williams is a Democrat but has 
 never sought or held office. 
 
 James C. Wilson, attorney at law, was born in Delaware County, 
 Ohio, November 22, 1858, and is a son of Samuel D. and Mary 
 (Boyd) Wilson, natives of Ohio. James C. lived with his parents in 
 his native State until 1873, and diu-ing this time secured a good En- 
 glish education. His father having met with financial reverses James 
 was obliged to depend upon himself, and consequently went to Michi- 
 gan, where he spent two years in the lumber business. In September, 
 1877, he came to Missouri, and began the study of law at Maryville, 
 under Messrs. Dawson & Roseberry, the former of whom is now 
 United States district judge for Alaska Territory. Mr. Wilson was 
 admitted to the bar at Grant City, Mo., in April, 1880, having accu- 
 mulated the means to complete his legal studies by teaching school. 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 651 
 
 He arrived in Bethany, in May, 1880, and has since practiced his 
 profession with success at this place. In 1882 he was elected prose- 
 cuting attorney for Harrison County, and served as such for one term 
 of two years. He is a Democrat in politics, and the fact is worthy 
 of mention that he is the only Democrat elected to a county office 
 since the organization of Harrison County. September 28, 1883, he 
 married Miss Alice Turner, a native of Missouri, and daughter of 
 the late Robert Turner of this county. Mr. Wilson and wife have 
 two children: Carl and Dockery. Mr. Wilson is a member of the K. 
 of P. and is one of the enterprising legal practitioners of the city. 
 
 Edward H. Wimer was born in Rockland County, N. Y., June 
 20, 1823, and is the son of Michael and Hannah (Belcher) Wimer, 
 natives of New York State, and of German, English and Irish 
 descent. They were married in 1821, and located at Ramapo, Rock- 
 land County, where they made their home until 1835. They then set- 
 tled in Oakland County, Mich., upon a farm, and in 1841 moved to 
 Indiana, in which State the father died in 1845 when living in Carroll 
 County. The mother is now living in Harrison County, Mo. , at the 
 advanced age of eighty-four. The father was a Whig in politics, and 
 in religion a convert to the Lutheran Church. The mother is a Meth- 
 odist Episcopal. Edward H. is the eldest of a family of seven 
 children, and was principally reared upon a farm. He received a 
 high-school education, and at the age of seventeen left the paternal 
 roof, and served an a pprenticeship of three years with Orice C. Rice, 
 of Detroit, Mich., at the millwright trade. He returned home in 
 1841, but subsequently immigrated with his parents to Northern 
 Indiana, and to Southern Indiana in the spring of 1848, where he 
 worked at millwrighting and farming seven years. In the spring 
 of 1855 he came to Harrison County, Mo., where he was an early 
 settler. While in Vanderbui'g County, Ind., he served four years as 
 county surveyor, but since coming to Missouri has devoted his time 
 entirely to farming, stock raising and the carpenter and millwright 
 trade. April 6, 1846, he wedded Miss Lucinda Stanley, a native of 
 Indiana, which marriage has been blessed with eleven children — three 
 sons and eight daughters. Two of the former and four of the latter 
 are now deceased. Mr. Wimer is one of the highly esteemed and 
 well-to-do citizens of the county, and himself and his worthy wife are 
 active church members, belonging to the Methodist and United Breth- 
 ren Churches, respectively. In 1861 he served in the State Militia 
 during the late war in the capacity of a detective and spy for the pro- 
 vost-marshal of St. Joseph, Leon and Bethany. 
 
652 HABKISON COCNTY. 
 
 F. M. Winningliam, M. D., a native of Bethany Township, was 
 born in 1846, and is the son of 'William S. and Melinda (Miller) 
 Winningham, of Kentucky and Tennessee, respectively, who accom- 
 panied their parents to Missouri when children, their marriage occur- 
 ring in Ray County, Mo. Abotit 1842 they went to Harrison County, 
 where Mrs. Winningham still lives. Her husband went to California 
 about 1849, and on his return home was supposed to have been mur- 
 dered. He was a member of the Christian Church, while his wife is 
 a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. The Doctor at 
 the age of nineteen, having thus far had limited opportunities for 
 education, began the study of medicine. After three years' hard study, 
 applying himself to his books almost day and night, getting what 
 instructions he could from Drs. Bush and Roberts, he entered upon 
 the practice of his profession, locating at Martinsville, where he soon 
 established a large practice. He graduated at the Eclectic Medical 
 Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio. The Doctor lived nine years in Martins- 
 ville, then went to Lorraine, forming a partnership with Dr. Burgin, 
 and in 1883 went to Brooklyn, Mo., where he located, and soon estab- 
 lished an extensive and lucrative practice, which has so increased 
 that in 1887 he was obliged to take a partner, Dr. F. G. Mearj-. 
 The Doctor was married in 1869 to Miss Sarah E. , daughter of Jesse 
 M. and Sarah M. Woodward, early settlers in . Missouri though for- 
 merly of Virginia; this union has resulted in three children: John J., 
 Allie M. and Mary J. Politically he is a Conservative Democrat, but 
 cast his first vote for Gen. Grant. Both himself and wife are mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and are highly 
 esteemed by all who know them. The Doctor is a self-made man, 
 and in his profession stands second to none in his coimty. 
 
 Ananias F. Woodruff, of Bethany, Mo., was born in Scioto 
 County, Ohio, December 11, 1848, and is a son of Ananias S. and 
 Martha (McCall) Woodruff. His father was twice married, the first 
 time to Sarah Evans, and the second to Martha McCall. Of the first 
 marriage there were five children: Viola A. (widow of Levi Stover), 
 Esther J., Evans S., Nancy J. (who man-ied William C. Frazee), 
 Ketturah F. (widow of A. J. Tucker), Ellen (who married S. H. 
 Pierce); and of the second marriage, two children, Ananias F. and 
 Emma. Four of these childi-en, Evans S., Nancy J., Ellen and 
 Emma, are now dead. Ananias F. was left an orphan at the age of 
 five years by the death of his mother, his father having died three 
 years before her. At the age of ten years, in 1858, he removed to 
 Harrison County, Mo., in company with his sister, Ketturah F., and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 653 
 
 her husband, A. J. Tucker, in whose family he grew to manhood. 
 He was without an estate, and the relatives with whom he lived were 
 very poor, but he managed to secure a good common-school and 
 academic education, and in 1868 began school teaching, which occu- 
 pation he followed for three years. About the year 1872 he began the 
 study of law at home, and afterward continued the study to better 
 purpose, first in the office of Hyde & Orton, and then with C. M. 
 "Wright, attorneys of Princeton, Mercer Co., Mo., where, in 1877, 
 he was admitted to the Mercer County bar. In November, 1879, he 
 formed a law partnership with D. S. Alvord, of Bethany, Mo., to 
 which place he then removed, and where he has since lived and suc- 
 cessfully practiced his profession. October 7, 1878, he married Alice 
 E. Lewis, a native of Bethany, Mo. , and a daughter of the late Judge 
 William G. Lewis, of that place. Politically Mr. Woodruff is a 
 Republican, but very liberal in his views, and in no sense an active 
 partisan. He is a well-to-do man, owning real estate in Bethany, and 
 being one of the directors and stock holders of Bethany Savings Bank. 
 Rev. John Woodward was born in Jennings County, Ind. , January 
 11, 1821, and is a son of Chesley and Elizabeth (Blankinship) Wood- 
 ward [see sketch]. Our subject is the eldest of a family of ten chil- 
 dren, six of whom are living, and was reared in his native county 
 until twelve years of age. He then accompanied the family to Decatur 
 County, Ind., where he reached manhood, and married Julia Ann 
 Kennedy, a native of New York State, but reared in Jennings County, 
 Ind. Mr. Woodward then farmed in Indiana until his removal to Har- 
 rison County, Mo. , in 1847, where he has since resided, half a mile east 
 of Cainesville. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Woodward united with 
 the Baptist Church, and in February, 18-19, received his license to 
 preach, being ordained May 20, 18-19. Since that time he has devoted 
 a great portion of his time to that high calling, and has also done a 
 great amount of missionary work. During the war he served in the 
 Third Missouri State MUitia under Col. King,- and participated in the 
 battle at Springfield, besides many secondary skirmishes. He is 
 one of the pioneer settlers of the country, and owns 200 acres of well 
 improved land upon which he lives a retired life, preaching now but 
 occasionally. To himself and wife nine children have been born, six 
 of whom are living: Ralph O. ; Rhoda B. ; wife of Robert Wilson of 
 Cainesville ; Susan J. , wife of L. M. Wickersham ; Chesley B. ; Cath- 
 erine, wife of J. W. Burton, and Nancy E., wife of T. J. Harris. 
 The father of Mr. Woodward spent his entire life in the ministry after 
 becoming grown, and after a long life of good works died in February, 
 1877. 
 
654 HARRISON COUNTY. 
 
 C. B. Woodward is a son of Rev. John and Julia Ann (Kennedy) 
 Woodward, natives of Indiana and New York, respectively. The 
 father spends the gi'eater part of his life attending to ministerial 
 duties, but in connection with same conducts a large and well-improved 
 farm of 200 acres, arid is the owner of other real estate. The mother 
 was reared in Indiana, whither she went in an early day, and in 1847 
 emigrated with her husband to Missouri, where C. B. Woodward was 
 born, July 29, 1849. John Woodward was a soldier in the Rebellion, 
 serving in the Third Missouri Cavalry of which he was chaplain. To 
 himself and wife nine children have been born, six of whom are living: 
 Ralph O. , Chesley B. , Rhoda B. , Susan J. , Eliza C. and Nancy J. 
 The father of John Woodward was a Baptist minister during his entire 
 life. C. B. Woodward made his home with his parents upon their 
 farm in Harrison County until his marriage, and in his youth received 
 but a limited education. He married Rebecca Ann Cain, a native of 
 Mercer County, and daughter of Peter Cain, an early settler of Mercer 
 County. After his marriage Mr. Woodward engaged in farming 
 several years, then taught school, and afterward engaged in the drug 
 business four years in Cainesville, the firm being known as W ic kersham, 
 Woodward & Co. He afterward became the cashier of the Cainesville 
 Bank which position he is now filling eiBciently. Mr. and Mrs. Wood- 
 ward were united in marriage October 20, 1869, and their, union has 
 been blessed with seven children, five of whom are living: Rosa O., 
 Hiigh C, Norvill H., Earl C. and Lena G. Mr. Woodward is a suc- 
 cessful business man, and the owner of over 1,000 acres of good land 
 in Harrison and Mercer Counties, the greater part of which is im- 
 proved. In politics he is a Democrat, and he is a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity. 
 
 Robert H. Wren, senior member of the well-known firm of Wren 
 & Cumming, merchants of Bethany, was born in Barren County, Ky., 
 August 5, 1847, and is a son of Isaac N. and Amelia (Depp) Wren, 
 natives of Kentuclcy. The father immigrated to Missouri in 1854, and 
 resided in Pettis and Jackson Counties until 1860, when he removed 
 to Daviess County, Mo. , where he resided until the fall of 1866. He 
 then removed to Martinsville, where he died September 13, 1885, leaving 
 the following children: William I., of Colorado; Trescinda M., wife of 
 H. W. Gilbert; Martha F., wife of Dr. W. L. Rucker, and Robert H. 
 The latter was reared in the mercantile business, and clerked two 
 years in St. Joseph, Mo., prior to coming to this county in 1869. He 
 then assisted his father at Martinsville, and then embarked in business 
 for himself at Eagleville, where he remained until 1880. He then 
 
 li 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 655 
 
 started in business at Bethany, and the following year took Mr. Gum- 
 ming into partnership with him. May 26, IST-t, he married Ella M. 
 Scheaffer, a native of Decatur County, Iowa, and daughter of Tally B. 
 Scheaffer, of Eagleville. This union has been blessed with six chil- 
 dren: Manly, Bert, Rolph, Robert H., Charles F. and Ina M. Mr. 
 Wren is a Republican and chairman of the Republican Central Com- 
 mittee of the county. He is a Select Knight of the A. O. U. W. 
 During the war he served as non-commissioned officer in Company H, 
 Forty-third Missouri Infantry, and is now a member of the G. A. R. 
 
 Andrew Cumming, the junior member of the above firm, was born 
 near Edinburgh, Scotland, December 29, 1842, and is a son of Alex- 
 ander and Agnes (Wilson) Cumming, also natives of Scotland, where 
 the father died when Andrew was quite young. In September, 1852, 
 the mother, with four sons and two daughters, came to the United 
 States, and located in Pennsylvania, where the family was reared, 
 after which Andrew and others of the family went to Illinois. In 1877 
 Mr. Cumming came to Bethany, and has since been a resident of this 
 county, where the following members of the family also live: John 
 W. , Thompson, Mrs. Scott Peacock, and Mrs. Jeanette Reid (wife of 
 George Reid). Andrew was employed in the mercantile business 
 about five years previous to coming to Bethany, after which he clerked 
 here three years, and then in 1881 became the partner of Mr. Wren. 
 He married Isabelle T. Brown, a native of Pottsville, Penn. , by whom 
 he has had the following children: Williamena, wife of Charles Sherer, 
 and Alexander Scott. Mr. Cumming is a stanch Republican, and a 
 member of the A. O. U. W. Messrs. Wren & Cumming are whole- 
 sale and retail dealers in dry goods, clothing, hats, caps, boots, shoes, 
 carpets, iipholstery, etc. , and carry a complete line of general mer- 
 chandise. The store building is of brick, and consists of two stores, 
 connected together by an archway; it is two stories in height, and is 
 owned by the firm. 
 
 R. R. Young was born in Blount County. Tenn., November 22, 
 1829, and his parents, Jeremiah S. and Ruth (Boring) Young, were 
 also natives of that State and county. The family moved from Ten- 
 nessee and located in Bond County, HI., in March, 1831, and there 
 remained until 1838, when they made their home in Jackson County, 
 Mo. . for four years, after which they moved to White Oak Township, 
 Harrison County, near the present residence of R. R. Young. There 
 the father pre-empted and improved one-fourth of a section of land, 
 upon which he lived until his death, December 12, 1882. In 1838 
 he joined the United States Rangers under Capt. Duncan, and for his 
 
656 HAEEISON COUNTY. 
 
 services received a land warrant for 160 acres in Section 32, vrhere 
 one son now resides. Of a family of nine children who grew to 
 maturity, three sons and three daughters are now living, of whom E. 
 R. and one brother are residents of Harrison County, Mo. E. R. 
 Young grew to manhood in this county, and was here married Jan- 
 uary 12, 1854, to Lydia Jones, daughter of Jacob Jones, of Gentry 
 County, who moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio, and fi'om there to 
 Gentry County, and is now a resident of the town of Albany. Mrs. 
 Young was born in Ohio, but pvassed the greater part of her youth in 
 Gentry County, and is the mother of the following children: Lucy 
 D., a county teacher; Jacob S., of Oregon; Temelia L., wife of 
 Albert Morgan, of Gentry County; James G., of Southern Kansas; 
 Robert R., married, and a county teacher; Ella E., wife of Samuel 
 R. McNaght. Mr. Young bought the land upon which he lives in 
 1851, but improved it only slightly until after his marriage. He has 
 since added to his original possession until he now owns 265 acres, all 
 fenced and improved with good buildings, and a large two-story resi- 
 dence nearly new. In 1873 he visited California, and spent the sum- 
 mer in looking around the country, and in 1883 went to Oregon, where 
 he located some land, and spent the summer. He is a Republican in 
 politics, and in creed his wife is a Presbyterian. 
 
 Franklin B. Young, farmer and stock raiser of Section 32, Town- 
 ship 63, Range 29, was born ia Cass County, Mo., May 2, 1839, and 
 is a son of Jeremiah and Ruth Young, and a brother of R. R. 
 Young. He passed his youth upon his father's farm in Harrison 
 County. October 4, 1861, he enlisted in the militia, in which lie 
 served until discharged July 13, 1864, after which he enlisted in the 
 Forty-third Missouri Infantry, and served until the 29th of May, 
 1865, when he was discharged at St. Louis as a non-commissioned 
 officer. While he was at St. Joseph with a part of the command 
 nearly all of his regiment was captured at Glascow. December 21, 
 1862, he was married in Harrison County, Mo., to Cassandra A. McGee, 
 daughter of Madison and Catherine McGee. Mrs. Young was bora 
 in Kentucky, but when young accompanied her parents to Har- 
 rison County, where she was reared. After his marriage Mr. 
 Young settled upon the place where he now resides, which was then 
 but slightly improved, and which is the land his father entered 
 with a land warrant from the Government. Mr. Young now owns 
 396 acres all fenced, 200 of which are devoted to meadow, pas- 
 ture and plow land. He is a Republican, and as such has served 
 three terms as township trustee. He is a member of Lieut. T. D. Neal 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 657 
 
 Post, G. A. E. , at Bethany. To Mi-, and Mrs. Young the following 
 children have been born: Jane E. (county teacher), Susan A. (wife of 
 L. D. Dailey), H. A., Ruth M., Colmore H., Harvey J., Chester S., 
 Garner F., Asa D. and Ospha C. 
 
 William S. Young, a leading farmer of Harrison County, was born 
 in Clinton County, Ky. , June 15, 1844, and was the ninth of ten chil- 
 di'en of Andrew and Edith (Smith) Young. His parents were natives 
 of Kentucky and North Carolina respectively, but were maiTied in 
 Kentucky, to which State the mother accompanied her parents when a 
 child. After their marriage they came to Clinton County, and the 
 father engaged in farming until his death in 1846. The mother is 
 still living in the same county. William S. remained with his mother 
 until nineteen years of age, when he accompanied his brothers to 
 Worth County, and lived with them for the next four years, chiefly 
 engaged in farming. At the end of this time he married and settled 
 on a tract of land in the same county, where he remained until April, 
 1872, when he removed to Jasper County, of the same State, living here, 
 however, but a short time; he made his final move to Harrison Coun- 
 ty, in March, 1873, and settled upon the farm he had piu'chased, 
 situated in Section 31, Township 65 north. Range 29 west, and where 
 he has since resided. Serefta Jane, daughter of Moses Darrel and 
 Rachel (Carpenter) Darrel, and widow of Samuel Van Meter, was 
 born in 1842, in Missouri, and was married to Samuel Van Meter, 
 November 21, 1861, in Worth County. Her husband died while in 
 service at St. Louis, the widow afterward becoming the wife of Mr. 
 Young, February 22, 1866, in Worth County. By her first marriage 
 there was one child, Samuel B. Van Meter, and the second union has 
 been blessed with eight children: Mollie Isabel, David S., Frances 
 Elizabeth, William Daniel, Owen Newton, Rosa Clementine, Euphe- 
 mia May and Viola Victoria. Mr. Young politically is a Democrat, 
 and cast his first presidential vote for Horatio Seymour in 1868; 
 while he has always been a hearty supporter of his party he has never 
 been an aspirant for office, though he served as trustee of Washington 
 Township for two years. The subject of this sketch has ever been 
 an enterprising business man, and as a result of his persistent efforts 
 now owns a good farm of over 133 acres, the most of which is in a good 
 state of cultivation. He is respected by all who know him. and is in 
 every sense of the word a representative citizen. Mr. Young and 
 wife are members of the Baptist Church, and always give their hearty 
 support to all church and educational enterprises. 
 
 Justin L. Young, junior member of the firm of Young Bros., 
 
658 HARBISON COUNTY. 
 
 general merchants at Blythedale, Harrison Co., Mo., was born in 
 Canada, near Chatham, February 2, 1851, and is a son of William and 
 Amelia (Coon) Young. The father is of Irish-English descent, and 
 the mother's ancestors came from Scotland. Both Mr. and Sirs. 
 Young were bom in Canada, and about 1866 moved to the United 
 States, settling in Illinois. Two years later they moved to Decatur 
 County, Iowa, where they now live, aged seventy-two and sixty seven, 
 respectively. The father is a Republican and a member of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, while the mother belongs to the Missionary 
 Baptist Church. Justin L. is the fifth of seven children, and was 
 reared upon a farm, receiving his education in Canada and Iowa. In 
 1879 he came to Harrison County, Mo. , and for two years himself and 
 brother, Philip, engaged in the cattle business at Blythedale. In 1881 
 they established their present business, and now conduct a general 
 store in connection with a lumber and grain business. For the past 
 two years they have dealt in stallions and now have a fine Norman and 
 two fine Clydesdale. March 20, 1881, Justin L. Young wedded Miss 
 Flora B. Anderson, a native of this county, and born November 9, 
 1861. Her parents, William and Malinda (Hicks) Anderson, were 
 born January 11, 1809, in Kentucky, and April 11, 1842, in Indiana, 
 respectively. In early life they accompanied their parents to Mis- 
 souri, and were married in Harrison County, July 27, 1860, and then 
 lived upon a farm here until their respective deaths, August 11, 1883, 
 and August 15, 1885. Mr. Anderson was a Democrat in politics. 
 To jMr. and Mi's. Young, one daughter, Telvir, was born September 
 2, 1884. Mr. Young is a Republican in politics. 
 
 John W. Yowell was born in Monroe County, Mo., August 22, 
 1843. His father, William P., was a pioneer settler of Missouri, 
 having come to Monroe County over half a century ago, and is now 
 one of the highly respected and well-to-do farmers of that county. 
 He was born in Virginia, and his wife, Anna (Bybee) Yowell, is a 
 native of Kentucky. John W. was reared to manhood in his native 
 county, and secured a good education, most of which was obtained at 
 Quincy, 111. He embarked in mercantile life in his native county in 
 1866, and then taught school for a number of years. In July, 1882, 
 he came to Bethany, and was for two years the efiicient principal of 
 the Bethany high school. In the fall of 1885 he engaged in his pres- 
 ent mercantile business in' the Athaneum Building, where he carries 
 a full and well selected stock of di-y goods, clothing, notions and 
 staple groceries. December 25, 1882, he married Mrs. Hattie J. (Long) 
 Neal, a native of Brown County, III. He is independent in politics, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 659 
 
 and a member of the I. O. O. F. Himself and wife belong to the 
 Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and are well-respected citizens of 
 Bethany. 
 
 F. Zimmerman, a prosperous farmer of Harrison County, was born 
 April 14, 1825, in Davis County, N. C, and is a son of Christian and 
 Sarah Zimmerman. His parents were probably natives of the same 
 State, were married there, and lived only until our subject was eight 
 years of age. From this time he was wholly compelled to support 
 himself; worked with several different persons in his native State 
 until twenty years old, when he proceeded westward, locating in Han- 
 cock County, Ind. ; remained there a few months, then moving on to 
 Rush County of the same State, where he lived a short time, when he 
 once more moved on, and farmed and worked in timber in Hendricks, 
 Putnam and Boone Counties, in the fall of which year he moved his 
 family to Harrison County, Mo. Previous to his departiu'e from 
 Indiana in 1857 he married Phoebe, daughter of Lorenzo Dow and 
 Margaret Wright, and who was born in Virginia, about 1830. She 
 accompanied her parents to Indiana when a small child, and remained 
 there until her marriage. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Zimmerman 
 has been blessed with nine children: Sarah (wife of William Jordan), 
 John Franklin, Nelson, Thomas, Nancy (wife of William Long), Maggie 
 (wife of Eli Cm km ore), Amanda, Mary and Reuben. During the late war 
 Mr. Zimmerman served in the State Militia, and is a Democrat polit- 
 ically, casting his first vote for the Democratic candidate in 1848. He 
 and his wife are worthy members of the Methodist Church, and are ear- 
 nest workers in all educational or church undertakings. Mr. Zimmer- 
 man is in every sense of the word a self-made man. Starting in life with 
 comparatively no education, thrown entirely upon his own resources, 
 he has by long continued and persistent efforts become a wealthy and 
 influential citizen of the county, and is the owner of a fine farm of 
 240 acres, situated in Section 16, Township 65 north, Range 29 west. 
 When he first located on this tract of land it was wholly uncultivated, 
 but he has succeeded in bringing it to its present state of perfection. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 661 
 
 MEKCEE COUNTY. 
 
 Capt. H. J. Alley was born in Franklin County, Ind., May 29, 
 1833, and in childhood was taken by his parents to Madison County, 
 111., where they resided four years. In 1846 they immigrated to 
 Mercer County, Mo. , locatii^ at the present site of Marion. Here H. 
 J. was reared upon the farm until the commencement of the war, when 
 he enlisted in the Fifth Kansas Cavalry, and served about one year as 
 second lieutenant of Company B, at the expiration of which time he 
 resigned on account of poor health, and retiu-ned home. He afterward 
 commanded Company I, Fourth Missouri Provisional Regiment, East 
 Missouri Militia, about one year, and January 18, 1865, began to dis- 
 charge the duties of sheriff of Mercer County, which office he filled four 
 years. His education was principally received at the common schools 
 of the county, but in early manhood he commenced the study of law, 
 and after being admitted to the bar in 1868, he began the practice of his 
 profession in March, 1869, which he has since continued in Princeton. 
 For two years he served his county as prosecuting attorney. Margaret 
 Ellen Brewer, a native of Illinois, became his wife in 1857, and died 
 October 20, 1883. He afterward married Mrs. Lucy Price, nee Eob- 
 ertson, of Grundy County, Mo. The Captain is a Free Mason and a 
 member of the G. A. E. The Alley family emigrated from England 
 to Virginia during the early history of that State, and the paternal 
 grandfather, Peter, was born in Russell County, of that State, partic- 
 ipated in the War of 1812, and died in Chariton County, Mo. Will- 
 iam, the father, was also a native of Russell County, Va., and born in 
 1809. When three years old he was taken by his parents to Franklin 
 County, Ind., and in 1840 moved to Illinois, and from there to Mis- 
 souri in 1846. He was a county judge and justice of the peace of 
 Mercer County for many years, and died in 1873. His wife and the 
 mother of our subject, Mary Alley, was a native of Virginia, the mother 
 of five sons and three daughters, of whom the Captain is the eldest, 
 and died in Mercer County in 1882. William H. , a brother of our 
 subject, was wounded at Helena during the war, and died from the 
 effects in 1863. One sister is also dead. 
 
 James M. Alley, clerk of Mercer County, is a native of Mercer 
 
662 MERGER COUNTY. 
 
 County, and was born May 17, 1848. He is a son of William and 
 Mary (Jones) Alley [see sketch of Caj)t. H. J. Alley], and was reared 
 to manhood under the paternal roof. He received a common English 
 education during his youth, and for some time resided upon a farm in 
 Marion Township, and while there served four years as constable. In 
 1878 he was elected sheriff of Mercer County, and after a term of two 
 years was re-elected, and served until 1882. In that year he was 
 elected county clerk, and after discharging the duties of that office in 
 a highly efficient manner during a term of four years was elected in 
 the fall of 1886 for another term of four years. He has always been 
 a stanch Republican in politics, and as such has been elected to the 
 various positions oi public trust he has so faithfiUly filled. December 
 19, 1869, he married Miss Margaret Girdner, of Mercer County. To 
 Mr. and Mrs. Alley five children have been born: Gussie A., Lewis 
 V. , Joseph A. , Charlie O. , and an infant son. Mr. Alley is a member 
 of the Encampment of the I. O. O. F. , being V. G. of the subordinate 
 lodge, and is also a member of the A. O. U. W. , and justly recognized 
 as one of Mercer County's reliable citizens and popular public 
 officials. 
 
 William D. Alley was born in Franklin County, Ind. , April 4, 
 1860, and having lost his father when nine months old accompanied 
 his mother, two brothers and one sister to Mercer County, Mo., dur- 
 ing his childhood. He lived upon a farm until about fifteen years 
 old, during which time he received but a limited education. At that 
 age he began to learn the carpenter's trade, which he followed five 
 years. He was then employed as a clerk in a general store, and by 
 strict attention to business, honesty, industry and economy he saved 
 and accumulated enough money to enable him, in 1887, to embark in 
 mercantile life for himself. He now carries a stock of goods valued 
 at from $2,000 to $5,000, is meeting with well deserved success, and 
 is recognized as one of the promising and energetic young merchants of 
 his township. August 11, 1886, he was united in marriage with Lettie J. 
 Lowi-ey, and to this union one son was born, August 25, 1887 — Clif- 
 ford William. 
 
 James P. Anderson was born May 8, 1835, in De Witt Coimty, 111. 
 In 1853 he immigrated with his parents to Red Rock, Iowa, where 
 with his father he engaged in the mercantile business, two years later 
 going to Han-ison County, Mo., where he again entered the mercan- 
 tile business in Eagleville. In 1858 he built the Eagleville House, 
 which he ran for seven years; then, in 1866, founded the Eagleville Nur- 
 series, which he successfully carried on for eleven years. Buying the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 663 
 
 Princeton Mills he moved to Mercer County, in 1884, and built the 
 Princeton Woolen Mills, which he still successfully runs. In 1887 
 he took out the old buhrs from the flouring-mill, and replaced them 
 with the most modern system of rolls. Mr. Anderson devotes his 
 entire attention at this time to the management of the factory and 
 mills. Politically he is a Democrat, although during the war voted 
 with the Eepublicans, never wavering in his devotion to the Union. 
 He was captain of Company L, Fifty-seventh East Missouri Militia, 
 and while in this service, in 1863, lost his right arm by accident. He 
 was nominated by the Democratic party in 1886 for representative of 
 Mercer County, but owing to the overwhelming Kepublican majori- 
 ties in this county was defeated. 
 
 Hon. Joseph P. Bailey was born in Logan County, Va. , February 
 8, 1834, and is a son of James and Delilah (Goare) Bailey, both of 
 Virginia. Joseph P. was reared to manhood in his native State, and 
 lived with his parents upon the farm until sixteen years of age. In 
 1858 he immigi-ated to Missouri, and settled in Goshen Praii-ie, in 
 Mercer County. He removed to Harrison County in 1862, and 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits at Cainesville. In the fall of 1876 he 
 removed to Princeton, and continued engaged in mercantile life until 
 last year, since which time he has devoted his time and attention to 
 his farming interests, in connection with which he is largely interested 
 in grain and stock dealing. He owns 500 acres of well-improved and 
 cultivated land, and is considered one of the substantial and enter- 
 prising citizens of the county. In 1857 he man-ied Sallie S. Dowd, 
 a native of Greenbrier County, Va. , by whom there are five living 
 children— Edward B., Charles S., Lillian B. (wife of C. W. Fairley, 
 of Colorado Springs), and Rose V. Mr. Bailey is a Democrat, and in 
 1882 was elected to represent Mercer County in the State Legislature, 
 serving with honor and distinction in the Thirty-second General 
 Assembly, and being chosen a member of several important commit- 
 tees in that body. While in Harrison County he was a member of 
 the county court, and in his native county in Virginia served as 
 county surveyor. He is a Master Mason, and a well-known and 
 respected citizen. 
 
 Edward B. Bailey was born in Mercer County, Mo., October 14, 
 1859, and is a son of Joseph P. Bailey, of Princeton, by his marriage 
 with Sarah S. Doud. Both parents were born in West Virginia. In 
 1858 the father immigrated to Missouri, and has resided in either 
 Harrison or Mercer Counties ever since, engaged principally in mer- 
 cantile business. For the last ten years he has lived in Princeton, 
 
664 MERGER COUNTY. 
 
 and eight years have been spent in business here. Edwai^d B. spent 
 a large portion of his youth in his father's store, and in 1883 
 engaged in the grocery business in Princeton, in which he has con- 
 tinued successfully up to the present time. At his store, on the 
 northwest corner of the public square, he carries one of the largest 
 and best selected stock of groceries in Princeton, and controls a large 
 town and country trade. He is unmarried. In connection with his 
 mercantile business he owns and manages a large farm of 520 acres 
 in Medicine Township. He is a Democrat in politics, is a member of 
 the Encampment of the I. O. O. F., and is considered one of Prince- 
 ton's most entei'prising and substantial young citizens. 
 
 Thomas Ballew is the eldest of thirteen children (five dead) born 
 to William and Sarah (Oney) Ballew, and was born March 17, 1819. 
 His parents were natives of Buckingham and Tazewell Counties, Va., 
 respectively, and were married in the latter county where they after- 
 ward lived until 1831. In the fall of that year they immigrated to 
 Morgan County, Ind. , where the father entered a tract of land in the 
 wilderness and cleared a farm. In the fall of 1840 he sought a more 
 healthful home in Mercer County, Mo. , and located upon some land 
 six miles distant from the present site of Princeton. Here he engaged 
 in farming until his death, in 1844, when he was but forty-seven years 
 of age. The mother died at Princeton in 1884, having made her home 
 with her children since the same had become grown. The father was 
 an early settler of Mercer County, and one of its successful and most 
 respected citizens. Himself and wife were worthy and conscientious 
 members of the Baptist Church. Thomas Ballew received a common- 
 school education while a lad, and at the age of eighteen began to care 
 for himself, although he made his home with his parents until twenty- 
 three years old. He then married Mary Ellis, daughter of William 
 Hartman, and widow of Robert Ellis. She was born in 1820 in 
 Blountville, Tenn., where she was first married, and came with her 
 husband to Mercer County in 1841, where he shortly after died. To 
 her marriage with j\Ir. Ballew three children were bom, two of whom 
 are deceased. ;Mrs. Ballew died October 5, 1847, and October 25, 
 1848, Mr. Ballew married Phebe, daughter of Elijah H. and Polly 
 (Sutherlin) Crawford. This lady was born October 10, 1828, in Put- 
 nam County, Ind. Her parents were natives of Tennessee and Ken- 
 tucky, and her father was a schoolmate of Davj Crockett. Her par- 
 ents were early settlers of Putnam County, Ind., and Mercer County, 
 Mo. , having come to the latter State in 1846. The mother died upon 
 their farm, six miles from Princeton, Mo., in 1851, and the father 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 665 
 
 afterward married and removed to Boone County, Iowa, where lie 
 died in 18S2. To Mr. and Mrs. Ballew thirteen children were born of 
 whom eleven are living: Dorcas, wife of George Norton; and a child 
 of his first wife; Crawford; Sydney, wife of John Stewart; T. W. ; 
 Mildi'ed, wife of Joseph Clodfelter; Webster; Squire; Millard; Lin- 
 coln; Sallie, wife of Joseph Branham;Wilmetta and Donia. After his 
 first marriage and until his second Mr. Ballew lived upon a farm 
 adjoining the old homestead. He then moved five miles east of 
 Princeton, and six months later upon the old John Hart farm, 
 five miles west of Princeton. In March, 1852, he moved per- 
 manently upon his present farm in Madison Townshij). He is one 
 of the leading and wealthy farmers of the county, and owns 700 
 acres of land; 240 in the home place, which is nearly all cleared and 
 under a good state of cultivation. He is an old, well-known and respected 
 citizen of Mercer County, and a good example of a self-made man. 
 He is Independent in politics, but previous to the war was a Whig, and 
 cast his first presidential vote for Harrison in 1840. His wife and 
 two daughters are members of the Methodist Episcopal Chui'ch, and 
 his daughter by his fijst marriage belongs to the Christian Church. 
 Mrs. Crawford's maternal grandmother, Lydia Franklin, was a first 
 cousin of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence and the electrician, and her grandfather, Joseph Crawford, 
 was his second cousin. 
 
 Andervill Booth was born in Cabell County, Va. , in 1828, and is 
 a son of Jonathan and Celia (Walker) Booth. His father was also a 
 native of that county and born in 1805. In 1839 he immigrated to 
 Mercer County, Mo. , where he entered land and settled in Harrison 
 Township. He afterward bought and sold various tracts in different 
 counties, and at his death, February 9, 1887, resided at Burlington 
 Junction, Nodaway County, Mo. He was of English descent, and an 
 early settler of Northern Missouri. He was the owner of about 300 
 acres, and during the early histoiy of Missouri served as justice of the 
 peace a few years. He was a Whig dm-ing the days of that party, but 
 afterward became a stanch Republican. His wife was of English and 
 German descent, and a native of Virginia. She died March 12, 1S65, 
 aged fifty-six years, two months and twelve days. Andervill Booth is 
 the eldest of five children born to his parents, and at the age of eleven 
 came to Missouri, where he lived with his parents until past eighteen 
 years of age. October 22, 1847, he married Mary Ann Robertson, 
 daughter of Carter T. and Polly (Suseberry) Carter. Mrs. Booth was 
 born in Breckinridge County, Ky. , in 1831, and is the mother of the 
 
 42 
 
666 MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 following children: George W. ; Lucy, wife of Ambrose Evans; Celia 
 A., wife of Jeremiah Adkins; Thomas J.; David H. ; James M. ; 
 Nancy J., wife of Samuel McBee; Leander M. ; Rhoda L., wife of 
 John W. Newton; Susan Alice, William J., Zerilda and Sallie. 
 Since coming to Missouri Mr. Booth has always been a resident of 
 Mercer County, and in 1853 he settled upon his present place which 
 contains 365 acres, 218 acres being in Harrison County. He is a 
 highly respected citizen of Mercer County, where he is naturally well 
 known, and himself and family are active members of the Christian 
 Chiirch, of which he has been an elder for years. He is conservative 
 in politics, and holds principles above party affiliations, but previous 
 to the war was a Whig. 
 
 Rush Bowsher, proprietor of a livery, feed and sale stable, com- 
 menced business in 1866 in partnership with his brother, Robert, they 
 being the owners of the first livery stable in Princeton. After being 
 in business a year, from 1867 to 1869 was passed out of business, but 
 they then resumed the same vocation, and the firm was known as 
 Bowsher Bros, until 1879. Rush then bought his brother's inter- 
 est, and, with the exception of six months during 1885, has since been 
 the sole proprietor of the business. The present stable was erected 
 in 1875 at a cost of $2,200, and Mr. Bowsher now keeps from twelve 
 to eighteen horses, six buggies, two carriages, one hack and three 
 spring wagons, his stable being first-class in every respect. He strives 
 to meet the wants of the traveling public, and meets all trains in every 
 part of the town with his conveyances. He was born in Wyandot 
 County, Ohio, in 1844, and is a son of George and Rebecca (Van 
 Trump) Bowsher. The father was of German descent, and born in 
 Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1810, where he resided until his death in 
 1878. The mother was of Holland-Dutch origin, born in Hardin 
 County, Ohio, in 1812, and died in July, 1882, at Princeton, whither 
 she had come in 1879. She was the mother of ten children, of whom 
 Rush is the fifth. He was educated in his native State, and made his 
 home with his parents, employed upon the farm, until twenty-one 
 years of age. He then lived two years in Mercer County, Mo. , after 
 which he returned to Ohio. After a short time he again came to 
 Princeton, and in 1886 re-embarked in the above described business. 
 In October, 1872, he married Miss Rebecca A. Evans, who was born 
 in Williams County, Ohio, in 1846. To this union three children were 
 born: Fannie, deceased; Nellie and Carrie. Mrs. Bowsher died 
 on October 15, 1878, and October 20, 1885, Mr. Bowsher was united 
 in marriage with Elizabeth Moore, a native of Cass County, Mich., 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 667 
 
 born in 1851. During the war he responded to the last call made for 
 troops, and served six weeks in Company A, One Hundred and Ninety- 
 eighth Ohio Volunteer Regiment. He is a stanch Republican in pol- 
 itics, and his first presidential vote was cast for U. S. Grant in 1868. 
 In 1885 he was elected alderman of Princeton by his party, and served 
 so efficiently that in 1887 he received a re-election. 
 
 Henry Clay Bowsher is a son of George and Rebecca (Van Trump) 
 Bowsher, natives of Ohio, and was born in Wyandot County, Ohio, 
 June 11, 1850. His father was an early settler of Ohio, and a suc- 
 cessful farmer citizen, whose death occurred in 1882. The mother 
 died in Princeton, Mo., in 1884, and was the mother of the following 
 childi'en: Robert, Emi, Rush, Emanuel, Henry Clay, Mariah (wife of 
 Samuel Straw), Princess (deceased wife of William White). Two died 
 in early childhood. Henry Clay was reared to manhood upon the farm 
 in his native State, and during his youth received a good common- 
 school education. He came to Missouri with his elder brother Robert, 
 in 1869, and clerked nine years for Henry Cadle in the lumber busi- 
 ness at Princetown. In 1879 he embarked in the grain business with 
 Mr. Cadle, three years later adding agricultural implements to the 
 business, and still later adding a general line of tinware, hardware, 
 etc. Since 1884 Mr. Bowsher has been the sole proprietor of the 
 above described business, and has met with good and well deserved 
 success. He was united in marriage with Anna J. Collins, a native of 
 Logan County, Ohio, by whom he has three children: Hortense, Angie 
 and Eugenia. In politics Mr. Bowsher is a Republican, and in creed 
 himself and wife are Baptists. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. , and 
 one of the respected citizens of the neighborhood in which he lives. 
 
 William J. Boyle was born in Linn County, Mo., August 11, 1842, 
 and is a son of Stephen A. and Mary Ann (Wilkerson) Boyle. The 
 father was born in Kentucky, in 1814, and accompanied his parents 
 to Missoiui, where they located upon a farm in Linn County. Here 
 he was afterward married, and followed farming iintil about 1844, 
 when he removed to Washington Township, Mercer Co., Mo., 
 and settled upon a farm there. He is now a resident of Medicine 
 Township, Mercer County. His wife was a native of Virginia, and 
 died in Mercer County, Mo., in 1886. William J. lived with his 
 father iintil he went to fight for his country in August, 1861. He then 
 enlisted in the Second Missouri Cavaliy, under Col. Merrill, and 
 served until the fall of 1865, during which time he participated in 
 several impoiiant battles, such as Brownsville, Ark. ; Little Rock, 
 Ark. ; Independence, Mo. , and several skirmishes. At the close of 
 
668 MERGER COUNTY. 
 
 the war he reiurnecl to his home in Mercer County. He was married 
 January 28, 1866, to Nancy E. Hamilton, daughter of Pleasant 
 Hamilton, a native of Illinois, but at present a farmer of Mercer 
 County. This union was blessed with fourteen children, of whom 
 twelve are living: Thomas S., James L., Samuel M. , Joseph F., 
 JohnF., Robert W., Though, William E., Martha F., Tennie, Ste- 
 phen P. and an infant. Immediately after his marriage Mr. Boyle 
 began life as an independent farmer, and is now the owner of 218 
 acres of land, all fenced and well improved. His farm is ably man- 
 aged by his sons while he himself is engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness at Topsy, where he can'ies a good stock of general merchandise. 
 He is a Republican, and the postmaster of Topsy, but does not aspire 
 to further political honors. He is a member of the G. A. R. , and 
 one of the enterprising and respected citizens of his county. 
 
 John W. Boyd was born in Mercer County in 1848, and is a son 
 of James and Julian (Adair) Boyd. The father was of Irish descent, 
 and born in Franklin County, Ohio, in 1819. When a boy he accom- 
 panied his parents to Bloomington, 111. , but upon reaching manhood 
 returned to his native State and located in Madison County. In 
 1841 he married, and in 1845 moved to Iowa. Two years later he 
 came to Mercer County, Mo. , and located in Washington Township, 
 but in 1881 moved to Princeton, where he now lives a retired life. 
 His life occupation has been that of farming, and he became the owner 
 of 400 acres of land and is recognized as one of Mercer County' s suc- 
 cessful citizens. His wife was born in 1819, in Madison County, 
 Ohio, and is also living. John W. is the third of a family of seven 
 children, and during his youth received a common-school education. 
 He made his home with his parents until twenty-five years of age, and 
 April 6, 1873, he married Miss Sarah Jane, daughter of James and 
 Jennie Girdner. Mrs. Boyd was born in Mercer County, in 1853, and 
 is the mother of two children: Ella May and Fred Eugene. After 
 his marriage IVIr. Boyd settled near the old home place in Washington 
 Township, and in 1876 located where he now resides. His farm is 
 the old homestead of James Girdner, and one of the first farms settled 
 upon in Mercer County. Mr. Boyd is a successful farmer, owning 460 
 acres of good land, and is considered one of the well-to-do citizens of 
 the county. In politics he is a Republican, and his first presidential 
 vote was cast for U. S. Grant in 1872. He is highly respected and 
 esteemed in the community in which he lives, and is a member of the 
 A. O. U. W., Lodge No. 83, at Princeton. 
 
 Richard Brantley was born in Morgan County, Ind. , December 27 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 669 
 
 1837, and is a son of William and Mahala (Page) Brantley. The 
 father was born in North Carolina, July 2, 1805, and is now a resident 
 of Mercer County, Mo. When a young man he left home in search 
 of his fortune with nothing but the clothes he wore and a little money, 
 and walked to Morgan County, Ind. There he remained and married. 
 In June, 1856, he came to Mercer County, where he has since lived. 
 Farming and stock raising have been his life-long occupations. 
 Mahala (Page) Brantley was born in Virginia, in 1815, and has been 
 a life-long member of the Christian Church. Ten children were born 
 to them, all of whom lived to maturity, although but eight survive. 
 Our subject is the second, and received his education at the primitive 
 log schoolhouses in Indiana. He accompanied his parents when they 
 came to Missouri, and remained with them about three years. He 
 then married Rachel Ann Gunter, daughter of Thomas Gunter, and a 
 native of Putnam County, Ind., born November 20, 1840. This 
 iinion has been blessed with twelve children, only seven of whom are 
 living: Leander, Evangeline, Mary Ellen, Alice, Dorothy, Lorren 
 and Harley B. Those deceased are Leroy, Eegada, Ruth, Thomas 
 and William. After his marriage Mr. Brantley began to farm and 
 deal in stock, and such has been his success that he is now the owner 
 of 475 acres of land, which, under his care, has been finely improved. 
 Mrs. Brantley is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Brantley has 
 always voted the Republican ticket, and during the war was called an 
 Abolitionist. He served some time in the State Militia. In 1880 he 
 was elected judge of District No. 2, and served two terms with general 
 satisfaction. He has held several minor offices, and for twenty years 
 was a school director. He is always interested in educational projects, 
 and enjoys the respect of the community in which he lives. 
 
 Jordan Brantley is a native of Putnam County, Ind., and was 
 born November 29, 1846, and is a son of William and Mahala (Page) 
 Brantley [see sketch of Richard Brantley]. He remained at home 
 until nearly eighteen years of age, when he enlisted in the Forty- 
 fourth Missouri Infantry, and served until the close of the war, 
 eleven months and twenty- one days in all. He then returned to 
 Mercer County, Mo., and immediately engaged in farming. He is 
 now the owner of a farm containing 400 acres of well cultivated and 
 improved land, upon which he is engaged in farming and stock raising, 
 making a specialty of fine horses. August 23, 1864, previous to his 
 enlistment, he married Elizabeth J. Gregory, of Mercer County, a 
 daughter of Elijah and Alice Gregory. Mrs. Brantley was born in 
 Livingston County, Mo., in 1842, and is the mother of a fine family 
 
670 MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 of sis children: Luther P., Emma F. (wife of James Powell), Addie 
 B. , Susan Alta, Cora Alice and Lettie May. Mr. Brantley is iden- 
 tified with the Republican party, of which he is a stanch supporter, 
 although he has never sought nor held office. He is a public spirited 
 citizen, and is always interested in enterprises to promote the general 
 welfare of the county. Himself and wife are connected with the 
 Christian Church, and are well respected residents of Ravanna Town- 
 ship. 
 
 John Brantley, treasurer of Mercer County, was born in Morgan 
 County, Ind. , January 3, 1852, and at the age of four was brought 
 by his parents to Mercer County, Mo. His father, William, was 
 born in North Carolina, July 2, 1805, and at the age of twenty-eight 
 m.oved to Indiana, where he married Mahala Page, a native of Vir- 
 ginia, by whom six sons and four daughters were born, all of whom 
 were reared to maturity and one of each now deceased. After com- 
 ing to Missouri they located in the eastern part of Mercer County, 
 where John Brantley was reared upon a farm. His paternal grand- 
 father, Henry B. , was a native of England, and after coming to 
 America located in North Carolina, where he reared his family, and 
 passed the remainder of his days. John Brantley was married in- 
 1870, to Melissa J. (Evans) Brantley, a native of Decatiir County, 
 Ind. , by whom three children were born : Charlie A. , a youth of much 
 promise died in his seventeenth year; Henry C, and Leo M. , a bright 
 boy who died when twelve years old. After his marriage Mr. 
 Brantley was engaged in agricultural pursuits until the fall of 1881, 
 at which time he engaged in the dry goods business. He was elected 
 to his present position in the fall of 1884, and took charge of the 
 office January 1, 1885, and served with so much credit and fidelity 
 that the following year he was elected without opposition. Mr. 
 Brantley and family are united with the Christian Church. 
 
 George M. Bristow, M. D., was born in Macon County, Mo., 
 February 13, 1855, and is a son of Wesley O. and Sarah E. (Cherry) 
 Bristow, natives of Kentucky and Illinois, respectively. The father 
 came to Missouri in 1836, and located upon a farm in Macon County 
 where he has since resided, and is now living a retired life upon a 
 modest but comfortable competency. The mother died February 13, 
 1857, and bore her husband five sons and seven daughters. Two of 
 the daughters are deceased; two married daughters reside in Oregon; 
 two, Mrs. E. C. Shane and Mrs. D. H. Cornelius, reside in Kirks- 
 ville; three brothers, William W. (formerly a prominent citizen of 
 Mercer County), James J. and Henry T. , reside in Oregon, and the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 671 
 
 remainder of the family live in Macon County, Mo. George M. 
 lived upon his father's farm until fourteen years of age, and then 
 attended the State Normal School at Kirksville two years. He then 
 taught school in order to accumulate means to complete his educa- 
 tion, and in 1873-74 attended school at Princeton. In 1875 he 
 taught school in Mercer County, and having read medicine some, 
 with a view to adopting it as a profession, he entered the college of 
 physicians and surgeons at Keokuk, in 1875, and graduated from 
 there in 1877. He then practiced his profession in his native county 
 four years, and again attended college. In 1881 he graduated from the 
 Louisville, Ky. , Medical College, and came to Princeton, where he 
 has met with good and merited success in the practice of medicine. 
 He is one of the prominent physicians and surgeons of the county, 
 a member of the Grand River Medical Society, the Mercer County 
 Society, is surgeon for the Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and a 
 member of the United States Board of Pension Examiners. Decem- 
 ber, 1886, he married Miss Jessie F. Trapp, a native of Mercer 
 County, Mo. In politics the Doctor is a Republican, and in creed a 
 believer in the doctrines of the Christian Church. He is a member of 
 the Encampment of the I. O. O. F. 
 
 James R. Brown, probate judge of Mercer County, was born in 
 Brown County, Ohio, October 20, 1843, and is the son of Anthony 
 and Orpha (Crawford) Brown, natives of Pennsylvania. The father 
 died when James was a small boy, leaving a widow and two sons — 
 Nevel and James — who moved to Hancock County, Ind. , in 1852, 
 where the mother afterward married Lemuel Wilkinson. They then 
 resided upon a farm in that county until 1867, when they immigrated 
 to Missoui'i, and located upon a farm in Putnam County, where the 
 mother still lives. James R. was reared upon a farm, and during his 
 youthful days received a good English education. Upon the breaking 
 out of the war he enlisted, at the age of eighteen, in Company B, 
 Ninety-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a private. He was after- 
 ward made a non-commissioned officer, and, near the close of the war, 
 became second lieutenant, which office he was filling when mustered 
 out. At Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864, he was seriously wounded, and for 
 some time classed among the mortally wounded. He accompanied his 
 mother to Missouri in 1867, and engaged in farming and school teach- 
 ing for about six years. He now owns a farm of cultivated land in the 
 best farming region of Mercer County, and is engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. In 1886 he was elected by the Republican party to the 
 office of probate judge, and is now discharging the duties of that office 
 
672 MERCEB COUNTY. 
 
 of public trust in a manner creditable to himself and party. August 
 30, 1866, he married Martha J. Russell, a native of Hamilton County, 
 Ohio, and of this union there are four living childi'en: Laura J., 
 William P., James A. G. and Myrtle A. Judge Brown is a member 
 of the G. A. R. , and recognized as one of the prominent and success- 
 ful citizens of the county. 
 
 TVilbitr F. Buren, M. D., of Princeton, Mo., was born in Daviess 
 County, Mo., January 22, 1841, and is a son of John J. and Cosby 
 (Peeiy) Bui'en, natives of Tennessee and Virginia, respectively. The 
 father came to Missouri as early as 1835, and was for many years a 
 well-known preacher and circuit rider in the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. In 1840 he removed fi'om Jefferson, Mo. , to Daviess County. 
 In 1849 he was appointed to the St. Louis District, and was presiding 
 elder in St. Louis four years. He later moved to Grundy County, 
 where his wife's relations resided, and where he had charge of the 
 Grand River District until his death, which occurred December 21, 
 1852, in his forty-fifth year. The mother died in Princeton in 1874. 
 The following children were born to them: James P., deceased, who 
 was a Methodist Episcopal minister; Fielding P., of Brookfield, Mo. ; 
 Alvin B., of Trenton, Mo. ; Wilbur F. ; Melville C. ; Ciilling E. ; John 
 O. ; Sarah M. , wife of James Wyrne, of Daviess County, Mo. ; Emily 
 L., wife of Thomas Woodard, of Princeton, and Cynthia A., wife of 
 Col. W. B. Rodgers, of Trenton. Wilbur F. spent his early life upon 
 his father's farm, and was educated at the Grand River College, 
 Edinburgh, Mo. In 1863 he began the study of medicine, reading 
 with Dr. John Cullers, of Grundy County, and later attended the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, from which 
 institution he graduated in 1867. He began his practice in Grundy 
 County, but soon came to Mercer County (1867), and practiced at 
 Goshen until 1874. He then located in Princeton, practiced his pro- 
 fession two years, and then engaged in the drug business, in which 
 he has met with success. He owns the brick block in which his drug 
 store is located, and built the Buren Block, in 1875, which adjoins his 
 store on the east, and is a handsome two-story brick block, and one of 
 the best structures in the town. He is an enterprising business man, 
 a member of the firm of Hill & Buren, dry goods dealers, and a stock- 
 holder and director of the Mercer County Bank. November 1, 1867, 
 he married Sarah M. , daughter of the late Dr. John Cullers, his for- 
 mer medical preceptor. Dr. and Mrs. Bui'en have five children: Anna 
 M. , Maggie W. , Charles R. , John Roy and Lela L. The Doctor has 
 always been a stanch Republican, and being a strong Union man 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 673 
 
 during the war he enlisted and served in the State Militia during 
 1861-63. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and has passed all the 
 chairs in the local lodge. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. , and is a 
 Select Knight of the A. O. U. W. 
 
 C. E. Buren was born in Daviess County, Mo., in 1847, and is a 
 son of John J. and Cosby (Peery) Buren. The father was of German 
 descent, and born December 31, 1807. He was a minister by profes- 
 sion, and, when married, lived in Virginia. In 1835 he moved to 
 Washington County, and in 1843 to Daviess County, Mo. In 1847 
 he moved to St. Louis County, and December 21, 1852, died in Grundy 
 County, where he had lived but a short time. He had been in the 
 ministry since seventeen years of age, first officiating as a circuit 
 rider, and at the time of his death was the presiding elder of Grand 
 Eiver District. He preached in St. Louis four years, and devoted his 
 life to his ministerial duties. He was an active anti-slavery man, and 
 upon the division of the Methodist Church became a firm adherent of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. The mother was of Welsh and 
 English descent, and was born in Tazewell County, Va. , in 1809. 
 She was the mother of ten childi-en (nine of whom are living), and 
 died in 1885. C. E. Buren was educated in Grundy County, at Grand 
 River College, and at the youthful age of fifteen enlisted in Company 
 K, First Missouri State Militia, and after his discharge at the expira- 
 tion of a year, enlisted in Company D, Forty-fom-th Missouri Volun- 
 teer Infantry, in which he also served one year. He was in the battles 
 of Gulf Campaign, Franklin, thirteen days in the siege of Mobile, and 
 was discharged at Benton Barracks in 1865. In 1867, when but 
 twenty years old, he began to teach school, which he continued five 
 years, his work being in Daviess, Harrison, Grundy and Mercer 
 Counties. For two terms he was principal of the high school at 
 Princeton. In 1873 he became the editor of the Princeton Advance, 
 which he conducted one year, and then engaged in mercantile life in 
 Princeton until 1881. He then sold out his business, and bought 400 
 acres where he now lives, but has since added to his original purchase, 
 until he now owns 800 acres of land, upon which he is engaged in 
 farming and stock rai.sing. September 28, 1871, he man-ied Miss 
 Sarah E. Cain, daughter of Peter and M. A. (Mullins) Cain. Mrs. 
 Buren was born in Mercer County in 1852, and is the mother of the 
 following children: Elmer, Effie, Frank, Donnie, Blanche and Laura. 
 Mr. Buren is an active Republican, and cast his first presidential vote 
 for Grant. 
 
 Joseph H. Burrows, one of the best known and truly representa- 
 
674 MEKCER COUNTY. 
 
 tive citizens of this portion of Missouri, is a native of Manchester, 
 England, where he was born May 15, 1840, the son of Thomas and Maiy 
 BvuTows, whose maiden name was Pendlington. In 1842 the parents 
 with their family of four sons, James, William, Joseph H. and Charles, 
 decided to immigrate to America, but Ijefore leaving England James 
 died, and in coming to this country the mother's, death occurred 
 while en route up the Mississippi ; she was buried near Wellington' s 
 Landing, in Louisiana, and with her, the youngest child, Charles. 
 In 1851 the father and William died, and Joseph H. was then 
 left alone in the world, though subsequently being cared for by 
 his uncle, James Burrows, who, in company with Thomas, had 
 become early settlers in Keokuk, Iowa, where they built the 
 first brick house in that now flourishing city. Some time after 
 his father's death Joseph H. made his home in Quincy, 111., with 
 another uncle by the name of William Presley, and there attended 
 school two years, returning, later, to Keokuk, where his time was 
 divided between attending school during the winter, and working in his 
 uncle's brick yards during the summer seasons, until the fall of 1856; 
 in that year he began his mercantile experience as clerk, a position in 
 which he continued for some three years. In 1858 he went to St. 
 Louis, but remained there only a short time, afterward devoting him- 
 self assiduously to the acquirement of a thorough education. Going 
 to Centreville, Iowa, in 1859, he was engaged as salesman in a 
 general mercantile store. January 24, 1860, he was married to Miss 
 Louise A. Wittenmyer, daughter of his employer. She died Febru- 
 ary 14, 1862, at St. John, Mo. , whither he had become engaged 
 in business in 1861, with his brother-in-law, W. H. Young. Sis 
 months after the death of his wife Mr. Burrows removed to Cains- 
 ville, where he has since made his home — a substantial, respected citi- 
 zen of the place. November 16, 1862, he took for his second wife 
 Miss Mary A. Shaw, originally from New York, though reared in Wis- 
 consin. In 1860 Mr. Burrows became actively interested in political 
 affairs, the cause of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas for President in that 
 year receiving his hearty and unqualified support. Though not then 
 a voter, he took active part in the canvass, making several political 
 speeches, and engaging in occasional debates during that campaign. 
 At the outbreak of the Civil War he warmly espoused the cause of the 
 Union, and cast his first vote for President for Abraham Lincoln, in 
 1864. In 1878, however, he cast his suffrages for Greenback con- 
 gressmen and State officials, and for the People's candidates for 
 county officers. In 1870 he was nominated and elected a representa- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 675 
 
 tive to the State Legislature, against two powerful opponents — a high 
 compliment to his popularity and ability, as well as to the judgment 
 and wisdom manifested by those who placed him in the position. In 
 January, 1871, he took his seat in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, 
 was made a member of several important committees, and the next 
 term was elected his own successor, and also in 1878. At the close 
 of this last session it was his sincere desire to retire from political life 
 that he might better attend to the carrying on of his private business 
 and ministerial work, for in 1867 he had been regularly ordained a 
 minister of the Baptist Church. Notwithstanding his refusal to have 
 his name used as a candidate he was, August 17, 1880, nominated for 
 representative to the XLVII Congress on the Greenback-Labor ticket, 
 upon which he began active canvass in the district. The following 
 election he was elected over a popular opponent. Col. C. H. Mansur. 
 Mr. Burrows is a fluent and ready speaker, and ever ready to maintain 
 the principles which he advocates. He is opposed to monopolies of any 
 kind, acts independently of party, and believes in voting for a measure 
 piu'ely on its merits. He has always been a stanch temperance man, 
 and while in the Legislature, introduced more bills for the restriction of 
 the sale of intoxicants, than all the other members combined. Among 
 other measures which he introduced was a civil damage law; he also 
 introduced the first township organization bill, and was a prominent 
 member of the committee in the Thirtieth General Assembly which 
 remodeled the law, and made it as it now stands. While in Congress 
 his was one of the first bills introduced for a reduction of letter postage 
 to two cents, and for the issuing of a two-cent postal card, with three 
 times the writing space of the present card. Some ten or twelve other 
 bills, equally important, were introduced by him, and he served on three- 
 standing committees— a committee on pensions, for Mississippi River 
 improvement, and on the Interior Department. His entii-e career was 
 marked by an earnest, candid effort to serve his constituents. In 
 temperance work at home Mr. Burrows has been especially prominent. 
 He organized the first lodge of Good Templars in Cainsville, besides 
 seven or eight others in Harrison and Mercer Counties, for which 
 services he has been suitably remembered by the Grand Lodge. He 
 has taken active and liberal part in the building of the Baptist Chvu'ch, 
 a W. C. T. U. hall, and in securing the Des Moines, Osceola & 
 Southern Railroad. His wife is president of the W. C. T. U. at this 
 place. 
 
 C. P. Bushong, M. D., was born January 4, 1844:, in Columbiana 
 County, Ohio, and is the second of a family of six children born to 
 
676 MEKCEK COUNTY. 
 
 Jacob and Eebecca (Briggs) Bushong. In 1854 the parents moved 
 to Williams County, Ohio, and in 1859 left that county and moved 
 across the line into Noble Count}% Ind., where the father purchased 
 a farm three miles south of Rome City. In the spring of 1876 they 
 immigrated to Mercer County, Mo. , and settled upon a farm in the 
 northern part of Madison Township, where he engaged in farming 
 until his death in February, 1887. The mother is now a resident of 
 the same place. C. P. was educated at the common schools of Ohio 
 and in Kendallville, [Ind. , and at the age of seventeen began life for 
 himself. He worked upon a farm, clerked in a general store at 
 Kendallville, attended school at intervals until nineteen years of 
 age, and then taught school a number of terms in Noble County, Ind. 
 He then began the study of medicine under Dr. W. H. Franks, at 
 Kendallville, with whom he read for two years, after which he studied 
 with Dr. W. F. Endley at Brimfield in the same county for two years. 
 In the fall of 1867 he attended lectures at Eush Medical College, 
 Chicago, and after the close of the session, commenced to practice 
 his profession at Brimfield. At the expiration of two years he 
 went to Napanee, Elkhart Co. , Ind. , where he resided until 1877 
 engaged in the practice of his profession. In the spring of that year 
 he located with his parents in Mercer County, Mo. , and made that his 
 home for two years, teaching in connection with his medical practice. 
 During the two temas of 1879-80 and 1880-81 he attended the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, from which insti- 
 tution he graduated and received his diploma. He then spent one 
 year at Mount Moriah, Harrison County, and then returned to Mercer 
 County, soon after permanently locating at Modena, where he now 
 enjoys a fine practice. Susia A., daughter of Reuben and Maria 
 (Rhea) Perkins, was born in Mercer County March 4, 1862, and 
 married to Dr. Bushong October 13, 1881. To this union two chil- 
 dren have been born : Etna Blanche and Jacob Earle. The Doctor is a 
 successful and well-to-do citizen, and has established a good practice 
 in Mercer, Harrison and Grundy Counties. He lives in a pretty 
 house in Modena, and although he has not long been a resident in 
 Mercer County, is well known and one of the popular physicians of 
 the county. He is a Republican, and cast his first presidential vote 
 for U. S. Grant in 1868. He is a member of Mercer County Lodge, 
 A. F. & A. M. and Princeton Lodge, I. O. O. F. 
 
 James E. Callaway, M. D. , was born in Caldwell County, Ky., 
 August 1, 1836, and is a son of William D. and Amanda Jane (Wig- 
 ginton) Callaway. The father was born in Lexington, Ky., June 18, 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPEXDIX. 677 
 
 1801, and when a young man went to Princeton, Ky., from which 
 place he moved to Woodford County, 111. , in November, 1836. He 
 then lived in various places in that State, and in April, 1847, returned 
 to Kentucky for a short time. He then, in August, 1847, re- 
 turned to Hlinois, and lived in Cass and Menard Counties until 1875, 
 when he located in Graham, Nodaway Co. , Mo. He remained there 
 until 1882, and then went to Oregon, Holt Co. , Mo. , where he died 
 May 24, 1884. He was a wagon and carriage maker by trade, and 
 a son of Edmond Callaway. The latter had two brothers, James and 
 Thomas C. Callaway, who emigrated from Kentucky to Missouri with 
 Daniel Boone, when Boone first came to the territory (then Louisiana 
 Territory). James Callaway was killed by the Indians in 1815 on 
 Loutre Creek, Boone Coiinty. Edmond Callaway was in the War of 
 the Revolution; entered the United States service as a private soldier 
 when but thirteen years of age; was promoted to a captaincy, and 
 also served the United States Government in the War of 1812, and 
 was commissioned colonel for gallant services in the battle when 
 the noted Indian chief, Tecumseh, was killed. The wife of William 
 D. and the mother of James E. Callaway, was born in Frankfort, 
 Ky. , in 1809, and died in Graham, Nodaway County, Mo., in April, 
 1880. She was a member of the Christian Chiu'ch, as was also her 
 husband, for many years. After her death Mr. Callaway again mar- 
 ried. To his first marriage ten children were born, six of whom were 
 sons, who all served with credit in the Union army during the Rebel- 
 lion. James E. graduated in the scientific course fi'om Abingdon 
 College in 1857, which institute is situated in Abingdon, Knox 
 County, 111. , and then taught school and studied and practiced medicine 
 until August 1, 1861. He then entered Company F, of the Twenty- 
 eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and in November of that year was 
 made regimental hospital steward, and served in that capacitj' and as 
 assistant surgeon until the expiration of his term of service, three 
 years in all. He then returned home and completed his medical 
 education, graduating from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, February 14, '1866. He resumed the practice of his 
 profession at Greenview, Menard Co., 111., March, 1866, where he 
 remained until March, 1868. He then moved upon a farm eight 
 miles south of Ravanna, Mercer Co. , Mo. , and for eighteen months 
 practiced his profession in connection with farming. He then took 
 up his abode in Ravanna, where he has a very extensive practice, and 
 is regarded as one of the leading physicians and surgeons of the place. 
 March 21, 1860, he married Mary E. Lji-chliter, daughter of George 
 
il 
 
 678 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 W. Lytchliter, who was born in Fayette, Howard Co. , Mo. , Septem- 
 ber, 15, 1841. This union has been blessed with a large family of 
 children; thirteen in number have been born. Dr. and IVIrs. Callaway 
 are members of the Christian Chui'ch at Ravanna, Mo., of which the 
 former is an elder. He is a Republican (and never cast any other 
 kind of a ballot), is serving now his fourth year as commander of 
 Rousseau Post, No. 80, G. A. R. Department of Missouri, and is Bn 
 aid-de-camp on the staff of the Department Commander, Gen. E. E. 
 Kimball; was re-elected Post-Commander, December 3, 1887, for 
 the year 1888. 
 
 Thomas I. Carter, farmer and stock raiser, was born on December 
 2D, 1851, in Marion County, Ohio, and is a son of Miller and Mary J. 
 (Mastler) Carter. The father is of German descent, and born in Knox 
 County, Ohio, in 1829. When a lad he went to Marion County, Ohio, 
 with his father, James Carter (whose birth occurred in Washington 
 County, Penn. , in 1782), and was there married, after which he 
 located where he now resides. James Carter's wife, formerly Chris- 
 tine Kepler, was born in Frankfort County, Germany, in 1805. 
 Miller Carter's wife is also of German descent, and was born in Marion 
 County, Ohio, in 1831. The maternal grandfather of Thomas (John 
 Mastler) was born in Lancaster County, Penn., in 1797; his wife, Mary 
 Ann (Gessenger) Mastler, was born in Washington County, Penn. , in 
 1803. Thomas I. is the second child of a family of eleven, and was 
 reared and educated in his native State and county, making his home 
 with his parents until of age. December 21, 1875, he was united in 
 maiTiage with Miss Mary King, a native of the same county, who was 
 born November 9, 1856. This union has been blessed with five chil- 
 dren: Fahey T. , born July 17, 1878; Jennie P., born December 31, 
 1879; King M., born November 16, 1881; McClellan, born February 
 19, 1884; Ernest Cleveland, born February 19, 1887. February 2, 
 1876, Mr. Carter emigrated from Ohio to Mercer County, Mo. , where 
 he bought 120 acres of land in Sections 2 and 11, Township 65, Range 
 25, where he now resides. He is now the owner of 280 acres of land, 
 which is the result of industry, economy and good management. In 
 politics he is a Democrat, and his lirst presidential vote was cast for 
 Hancock in 1880. Himself and wife are members of St. Paul Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church. 
 
 John W. Chambers was born in Mercer County, Mo., July 25, 
 1845, and is a son of Isaiah and Almira (Kennedy) Chambers. The 
 father was born in Jennings County, Ind., July 4, 1818, and was 
 married and lived in his native State until 1845. He then moved to 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 679 
 
 Mercer County, Mo., where he entered 160 acres in Section 7, Town- 
 ship 65, Range 25, where he passed the remainder of his days. He 
 was a siiecessful farmer and pioneer settler of Northern Missouri, and 
 at one time owned 200 acres of land. He died in February, 1879. 
 He had been a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and a treas- 
 urer in same many years, and was highly esteemed and honored for his 
 honesty and high principles. His wife was born March 2, 1819, and 
 died in October, 1878. John W. is the fifth of a family of eleven chil- 
 dren, and was educated at the district schools of his neighborhood 
 during his youth, making his home with his parents until their death. 
 In the fall of 1864 he enlisted in Company G, Forty-eighth Iowa Vol- 
 unteer Infantry for three months, and was stationed at Rock Island, 
 111., where he was discharged at the expiration of his time of enlist- 
 ment. March 12, 1865, he married Miss Susan Tarwater, who was 
 born in Daviess County, Mo., in 1846. To this union the following 
 children have been born: Joseph Irving, Audrie Olive, Myrtle Isabelle 
 (deceased) and Edith Pearl. After his marriage Mr. Chambers 
 located in Harrison County, Mo., where he owned 160 acres of land. 
 In 1879 he sold his property, and boTight the old home place in Mercer 
 County which consisted of 160 acres, and upon which he now resides. 
 He now owns 240 acres, and is one of the enterprising and respected 
 farmer citizens of the township. In connection with farming he 
 works at his trade, that of carpentering, which he learned when a boy. 
 He is a Republican, and cast his first presidential vote for Gen. U. S. 
 Grant. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. , and himself and wife 
 belong to the Baptist Church, of which he is the treasui-er. 
 
 E. Cleary was born July 17, 1827, in Kings County, Ireland, and 
 is the youngest of a family of twelve children (six now living) born to 
 Joseph and Elizabeth (Egan) Cleary. The parents were born, reared 
 and married in Kings County, where they lived until 1831. In the 
 spring of that year they immigrated to Canada, and settled on a farm 
 about thirty miles from Montreal. The father died in 1832, and the 
 mother in 1864. He was a glazier by trade, but after going to 
 Canada devoted his attention to farming. The subject of this 
 sketch received a common-school education in Canada, and after 
 his father's death engaged in farming with his brothers until 
 1867. He then engaged in the firewood and grain business at Mon- 
 treal for three years, after which time he immigrated to Missouri, and 
 located in Mercer County, Madison Township, upon the farm where 
 he has since resided, which he cleared and improved himself. Decem- 
 ber 7, 1860, he married Emma, daughter of William and Rosanna 
 
680 MEKCER COUNTY. 
 
 (Cleary) Craig. She was born August 8, 1837, and is of Irish parent- 
 age. To this marriage eight children have been born: Isalona (wife 
 of I. O. Ewings), Lizzie, Jennie, Helena, Herbert, Russell, Frederick 
 and Annetta. Mr. Cleary is an energetic and careful manager, and 
 with the assistance of his wife has succeeded in becoming the owner 
 of 300 acres of improved land in a good state of cultivation. He is a 
 Republican, and cast his first presidential vote for R. B. Hayes. Him- 
 self, wife and four children are worthy members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 William J. Clamands was born in 183(5 in Washington County, 
 Va., and is a son of Dr. R. T. and Sarah (Wilson) Clamands. The 
 father was of German descent, and born in Washington County, Va., 
 December 5, ISll. He was married in 1831, and about 1837 immi- 
 grated to Ray County, Mo. About 1846 he sought a home in Mercer 
 County, and located where our subject now lives, where he passed 
 the remainder of his life. Having studied under his father, who was 
 a physician, while in Virginia, he commenced the practice of the 
 medical profession about 1840, and continued the same for about 
 thirty-five or forty years. His practice called him from Edinburg or 
 Trenton, in Grundy County to Garden Grove, in Decatur County, 
 Iowa, and he was obliged to travel in all sorts of weather, often hav- 
 ing to drive his horse through swollen streams or follow Indian 
 trails, or ride through prairie grass which was as high as his head 
 when on horseback. He was well-known by all the residents within 
 the radius above mentioned, and his name became a household word. 
 While in Virginia he had been converted and joined the Presbyterian 
 Chm-ch, but it being convenient, he united with the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church in 1853, and afterward officiated as a local preacher. 
 His death occurred Jime 19, 1884. He was a physician and surgeon 
 in the Mormon War. He was twice married, and his second wife, 
 Lucy R. (Robertson) Clamands, yet survives and makes her home 
 with her step- son — W. J. The mother of William J. was born in 
 November, 1810, and died in 1841, in the faith of the Presbyterian 
 Church, in which she had been a consistent member. William J. is 
 the only living child of a family of five, and lost his mother when five 
 years old. At the age of ten he came to Mercer County, and October 
 20, 1869, married Miss Olevia, daughter of Thomas and Dorinda Lem- 
 max. 'Mis. Clamands was born in Noble County, Ohio, in 1850, and 
 is the mother of seven children : Robinson T. , Cornelia J. , Dorinda R. , 
 William O. , Thomas C, Mary Olevia and Joseph E. When 
 eighteen years of age Mr. Clamands left the parental roof, and made 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 681 
 
 an overland trip to California and Nevada, the journey occupying four 
 months. There he engaged in mining, teaming and the lumber 
 business, and in 1867 returned home by water via New York. After 
 his marriage he located upon the old homestead, where he has since 
 resided. He now owns 584 acres, and is one of the substantial farmers 
 of Harrison Township. In politics he is a Democrat, and in creed 
 himself and wife are Methodists, in which church he has been steward 
 and trustee for years. 
 
 Joseph P. Clodfelter was born October -i, 1850, in Putnam County, 
 Ind.. and is the eldest of seven children of John and Millie J. (Smith) 
 Clodfelter, natives, respectively, of Gennany and Indiana. The 
 father came to Indiana with his parents when a small boy, and was 
 there reared and married. After his man-iage he lived in Putnam 
 County until about 1859, and then immigrated to Mercer County, Mo. , 
 and after living upon a farm in Madison Township a short time 
 moved to the farm in "Washington Township, where Joseph P. is now 
 residing. In 1861 John Clodfelter enlisted in the Federal army, and 
 that year died at Benton Barracks. His widow subsequently became 
 the wife of John Vanderpool, but was widowed a second time and is 
 now living with her son, John Vanderpool, just north of Mill Grove. 
 Joseph P. Clodfelter received a limited common-school education 
 during his youth in Mercer County, which he has since improved by 
 study and observation. At the age of eighteen he began life for him- 
 self upon a farm near Princeton upon which he remained about one 
 year. He then rented a farm, and at the end of a year married and 
 located upon a farm north of Mill Grove, fi-om which he moved upon 
 the old home farm in the spring of 1880, where he has since resided. 
 He is an active and enterprising young farmer, and although com- 
 paratively young, owns a good farm of 210 acres of land, well-cleared 
 and cultivated, and is one of the prosperous farmer citizens of the 
 county. August 13, 1871, he was united in marriage with Mildred, 
 daughter of Thomas and Phoebe (Crawford) Ballew. Mrs. Clod- 
 felter was born February 3, 1854, in Mercer County, Mo., and has 
 borne our subject six children, five of whom are living: Lovie May, 
 Charles Winfield, Houston K., Don "Wilburn and Scott. Mr. Clod- 
 felter was formerly a Democrat, but cast his first presidential vote for 
 U. S. Grant, and has since that time sympathized with the Repub- 
 licans. Himself and wife are active members of the Protestant Meth- 
 odist Church, and liberal donators to religious and educational enter- 
 prises. 
 
 Isaac Coker was born in Morgan County, 111. , March 20, 1829, 
 
 43 
 
682 MEKCEE COUNTY. 
 
 and is a son of Dennis and Sarah (Jones) Coker. The father was born 
 in Georgia about 1792, and died in Morgan County, 111., in 1875. He 
 was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was also engaged in many 
 skirmishes with the Indians. After the war he settled in Spencer 
 County, Ind. , and from there went to Morgan County, 111. His occu- 
 pation was that of farming. The mother, it is thought, was a native 
 of Spencer County, Ind. , and her death occurred in Morgan County, 
 111. Isaac was the fifth of a family of nine children, seven of whom 
 are now living. He was educated in the common schools of Illinois 
 during his youth, and at the age of eighteen left home for a year, and 
 worked for difPerent people. He then returned home and remained 
 until twenty-one years of age, when he was employed by Theodore 
 Stout, a neighbor, for whom he worked three years. He was then 
 married to Hannah Powers, a native of Warrick County, Ind. , whose 
 death occurred in Mercer County, Mo. , May 21, 1879. She was a 
 daughter of Massum and Jane Powers, and bore Mr. Coker eight 
 children, foiu' now living: Elias, Margaret F., Polly A. and Isaac. 
 Those deceased are Melvina, Clarissa Jane, Massum and Hannah 
 M. After his marriage he farmed upon rented land for two years, and 
 purchased ground and farmed until 1856. After selling that farm he 
 moved to Mercer County, Mo., where he bought 130 acres, to which 
 he has since added until he now. owns 210 acres. The land when he 
 bought it was in an uncultivated condition, with but fifteen acres 
 broken, and no improvements save a log cabin, but by labor and 
 industry he has converted it into one of the nicest and best improved 
 farms in the county. In 1861 he returned to Morgan County, 111., 
 and from there went to Jasper County, Iowa, in 1864, but in the fall 
 of the following year he returned to Mercer County, where he has 
 since resided. Mr. Coker is a stanch Democrat, but has never held 
 office. He is an enterprising citizen, and takes interest in all projects 
 for the advancement of his county. 
 
 Rev. Lorenzo D. Collings was born in Putnam County, Ind. , April 
 15, 1885, and is a son of Abram S. and Lydia (Grimes) Collings, 
 natives of Shelby County, Ky. The father was born in 1800, and 
 died in Mercer County, Mo. , in 1862. Mrs. Collings died in the same 
 county in 1885. The father engaged in farming a number of years, 
 and for some time kept the only hotel between Terre Haute and Indian- 
 apolis, Ind. He received a good education while in Kentucky, and at 
 an early age became a member of the Protestant Methodist Church. 
 He was afterward ordained, and during his lifetime traveled as a cir- 
 cuit preacher in Indiana and Missouri. He was married while in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 683 
 
 Shelby County, Ky. , to Lydia Grimes, who was also a member of the 
 Protestant Methodist Church; and to this union twelve children were 
 born, of whom Lorenzo is the fourth, and six of whom are still living. 
 Lorenzo was educated in Putnam County, Ind., and Mercer County, 
 Mo. , at the primitive school-houses of those early times, and has since, 
 by reading and observation, become a well-informed man. When 
 twenty-two years old he was licensed a local preacher, and two years 
 later ordained a minister by the Northern Missouri Protestant Meth- 
 odist Church Conference. His circuits have since included the Sheri- 
 dan, Wyreka, Ravanna and others. In 1862 he enlisted in Company 
 M, Second Missouri Cavalry, under Col. Merrill, and served until May, 
 1865, participating in many skirmishes. Upon his return home he 
 found his church divided upon the question of slavery, the northern 
 wing having assumed the name of the Methodist Church. Not liking 
 the name Mr. Collings joined the church of the United Brethren in 
 Christ until a delegation of the two wings of the old church met, and 
 assumed the old name and discipline. Mr. Collings then severed his 
 relations with the United Brethren Church and became a member of 
 the new organization. During the seven years he was with the United 
 Brethren Church he traveled as a circuit preacher in Mercer, Grundy 
 and Linn Counties, but after rejoining the Protestant Methodist 
 Church, at his own request, never received an appointment. August 
 5, 1853, he was united in marriage, by Eev. Lewis Ellis, with Sophia 
 Catherine Weesner, who was born Mai'ch 3, 1834, and is a daughter 
 of Charles Weesner, of Rowan County, N. C. This union has been 
 blessed with nine children, seven now living: Lydia E., Rhoda A., 
 Sarah C. , Abram V. , Lorenzo D. , Jr. , William M. and Halley B. Those 
 deceased are Mary A. and Chestina. Mrs. Collings and the two eld- 
 est children are members of the Protestant Methodist Church. Mr. 
 Collings is a well-to-do citizen, and owns a good farm of 170 acres, 
 well located, which he has improved and cultivated. He was poor 
 when starting out in life, and his property is the result of industry and 
 economy. He is a Republican, and a member of the G. A. R. He 
 is always interested in all projects for the educational and religious 
 advancement of the county, and is a highly respected citizen. 
 
 Absalom W. C. Collins was born in Morgan County, Ind., in 1839, 
 and being left an orphan in early childhood made his home with an 
 uncle during his youth. He first attended the district schools in the 
 neighborhood, and at the age of thirteen went to the Normandy (Ind. ) 
 Academy for two terms. At the age of sixteen he taught a district 
 school, and with his earnings paid for his tuition at school again. In 
 
684 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 this way he received a good education which he has utilized by teach- 
 ing school more or less ditring his lifetime. In 1856 he immigrated 
 to Mercer County, Mo. , and taught about five years. He was there 
 married to Sophia, daughter of Charles Lusk, formerly of Ohio. To 
 this union five sons and five daughters were born : Horace B. , Velma 
 E., Bascom E., Emerson E., Althea V., Clifton O., Tennie E., Wilkie 
 C, Belva V. and Vinnie E. Althea died in early childhood, but the 
 remainder of the children are living at home with their parents. DiU'- 
 ing the war Mr. Collins was in full sympathy with the war for the 
 preservation of the Union. After peace was declared he purchased 
 some land which he subsequently sold profitably, and then purchased 
 the 200 acres where he now resides. This land is well cultivated, and 
 fifteen acres are devoted to a fine orchard which is unsurpassed in the 
 township. Mr. Collins has served two terms as township clerk by 
 election, and has also filled the oflice of deputy assessor two terms. 
 In polities he is a stanch Republican. He is a successful farmer and 
 stock raiser, making a specialty of hogs, and raising more corn than any 
 other man in the township. 
 
 George H. Combs was born in Athens County, Ohio, March 20, 
 1833, and is a son of William R. and Esther S. Combs, natives, 
 respectively, of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. They were married 
 about the year 1817, and their union was blessed with seven sons and 
 two daughters, all of whom were reared to maturity. The father died 
 in 1859 in Mercer County, Mo. , and the mother in 1873 in the same 
 county. George H. immigrated to Mercer County, Mo. , in 1855, of 
 which he has since been a resident. He was married in Decatur 
 County, Iowa, February 22, 1855, to a daughter of Samuel R. and 
 Martha Lowry, with whom he emigrated west in 1854. To this 
 union five daughters and two sons were born: Sarah A., born January 
 13, 1856; Samuel L., born March 15, 1858; Eliza A., born December 
 25, 1859; Martha E., born January 16, 1863, died August 12, 1863; 
 Susan N., born May 25, 1864; Laura A., born April 6, 1867; John 
 W., born February 27, 1871. Mr. Combs lost his wife January 29, 
 1879, and in 1880 married Luzana Lowry, widow of Andrew Lowry. 
 Mr. Combs is a Freemason of high standing, and in politics is a 
 stanch Republican. He is a leading man in his neighborhood, and 
 served as justice of the peace a number of years. He is now discharg- 
 ing the duties of the office of county assessor in a creditable and worthy 
 manner, and also manages his farm of 222 acres, which yields him a 
 comfortable living. During the Rebellion he fought for the Union 
 cause, and was in the battle of Franklin, Tenn. He was honorably 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 685 
 
 discharged on account of disability, and has since lived a quiet farmer's 
 life, esteemed by his friends and neighbors. The father of his first 
 wife, Samuel R. Lowry, was a prominent and influential man in Rich- 
 land County, 111., who left a large circle of friends and acquaintances 
 to mourn his loss. 
 
 Perry Constable was born in Hardy County, Va. , in 1836, and is 
 a son of William and Martha (Evans) Constable. The father was of 
 Scotch descent, and was also born in Hardy County, in 1809. In 
 1838 he moved to Franklin County, Ohio, and in 1840 came to Mercer 
 County, Mo., at first settling in Lindley Township. He soon after 
 located upon the farm now owned by David Vanvactor. He entered 
 160 acres of land now owned by his son-in-law, Jesse Mulvaney, and 
 in 1851 bought the farm now owned by Isaac Tillotson, upon which 
 place he died in 1853. He was one of the pioneer settlers of the 
 county, and his occupation was that of farming. The mother was of 
 German descent, and born in Hampshire County, Va. She was the 
 mother of six children, of whom our subject is the second, and died 
 in January, 1861. Perry was but foiu- years old when brought to 
 Mercer County, and made his home with his mother until he had 
 reached manhood. In 1856 he married Miss Andocia Banks, nee 
 Smothers, daughter of Benjamin and Nancy Smothers. Mi's. Con- 
 stable was born in Franklin County, Ind. , in 1835, and is the mother 
 of eleven living children: Mary Ann (wife of James O'Neal), 
 Martha Jane (wife of Joseph Brown), William B. , Francis M. , Ari- 
 zona, Maria, Rebecca, Elmer, Frank and Larkin. By her first mar- 
 riage, with Aaron Banks, Mi-s. Constable had one child — Joseph Jones. 
 In 1857 Mr. Constable decided to make Texas his future home, but 
 when he arrived in Arkansas, while on his journey, abandoned the 
 idea, and returned to Mercer County. He was a strong Union man 
 during the war, and March 15, 1862, enlisted in Company F, Third 
 Missouri State MUitia Cavalry. After eleven months' service he was 
 transferred to Company I, Seventh Regiment, Missouri State Militia 
 Cavalry, of which he was elected duty sergeant. He participated in 
 the battles fought at Jefferson City, Marshall, Big Blue and Mine 
 Creek, besides numerous other engagements. He was mustered out 
 at Wan-ensburg, Mo., April 3, 1865, and discharged at St. Louis. 
 The same year he bought seventy acres of land where he now lives, to 
 which he has added iintil he now owns 260 acres, and is considered 
 one of the substantial men of the township. He lives in a good 
 frame dwelling the erection of which cost $800, and is a siiceess- 
 ful farmer. He is a Republican, a member of the G. A. R., and a 
 Master Mason. His wife belongs to the Christian Church. 
 
686 '§ MEECEB COUNTY. 
 
 Jackson Cook was born in Claiborne County, Tenn. , December 
 27, 1840, and his parents, Wiley and Lucinda (Harper) Cook, were 
 both born in the same State. The father immigrated to Missouri in 
 1843, locating first near Independence, but removing to Mercer 
 County in 1847. wheip he has since resided upon a farm in Princeton 
 Township. He is ofle of the oldest pioneer settlers of the county 
 now living, and is highly respected in the community where he is 
 known. Five of his children are living: Insley, of Washington 
 Territory, Jackson, Sarah (wife of Wesley Clark, of Mercer County), 
 John T. and Alcy (wife of Calvin Curtis). Jackson was reared upon 
 a farm in Mercer County, and during his youth secured a common- 
 school education. He engaged in farming until the close of the Eebel- 
 lion, when he removed to Princeton, where he has since successfully 
 engaged in the furniture business. He carries at his store on the 
 west side a large and good stock of furnitiu'e, carpets, window shades, 
 etc. , and has the only undertaking establishment in Princeton. He is 
 also engaged in the sale of pianos and organs, in partnership with T. 
 E. Evans, and is regarded as one of Princeton's well-to-do and enter- 
 prising business men. In 1861 Mr. Cook married Elizabeth Hutchi- 
 son, a native of Lincoln County, Ky. , by whom he has had five chil- 
 dren: Amanda J., John H., William, Prank and Claude. Mr. Cook 
 is a Republican, and during the late war served six months in the 
 State Militia. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the 
 I. O. O. F. 
 
 Richard Coon was bom July 29, 1859, in Washingtoq Township, 
 Mercer Co., Mo., and is the third of a family of six children, 
 three of whom are still living. His parents, Stanley W. and Eliza- 
 beth (Wilkerson) Coon, are natives, respectively, of Ohio and Virginia, 
 and during their youth came to Mercer County, Mo. , where they were 
 married. They then settled upon the farm now owned by P. Harri- 
 man, and at the expiration of fifteen years moved upon the place now 
 owned by William Vandeveer. In the fall of 1883 they moved to a 
 farm which the father had purchased in Medicine Township, where 
 they are still living. Richard Coon began life for himself at the age 
 of eighteen, and until September, 1883, farmed upon rented land. He 
 then established his present hardware business at Mill Grove, and 
 although a young man, is one of the enterprising merchants of the 
 town. He owns 120 acres of land in Medicine Township, three lots 
 and two dwellings in Mill Grove, and his store and stock of goods. 
 He is a Democrat in polities, and cast his first presidential vote for 
 Hancock in 1880, but although he is an active and hearty worker for 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 687 
 
 his party always votes for the best man for local offices, and is no 
 aspirant for political honors himself. May 20, 1877, he was united 
 in marriage with Ella, daughter of Samuel and Martha (Nichols) 
 Ewing, and to this iinion three children have been born, two pf whom 
 are living: Clifford E. and Bonnie Lee. Mrs. Coon was born May 23, 
 1859, in Mercer County, Mo., and is a worthy member of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, as is also Mr. Coon. They are highly 
 respected citizens, and liberal supporters of educational and religious 
 enterprises. 
 
 Simon H. Croft was born February 2, 1859, in Oxford County, 
 Canada. His parents, Frederick and Mary (daughter of Simon Heist) 
 Croft, were both natives of Canada, and immigrated to Macon County, 
 Mo. , in 1869, where they lived two years and then moved to Daviess 
 County, Mo., where the mother shortly after died. The father 
 remained in that county until July 19, 1887, when he joined his wife 
 beyond. The subject of this sketch was at that time general agent for 
 the Chicago, Eock Island & Pacific Railroad at Marion, Mercer Co., 
 Mo. , and a younger brother then living in Daviess County came and 
 made his home with Simon H. During his youth the educational advan- 
 tages of Simon H. Croft were very limited, and his school life con- 
 sisted of but about three months in all. He was, however, of a studi- 
 ous nature, and by close application to books and hard study during 
 his leisure moments he has acqviired a fair amount of knowledge and 
 become a well-informed man. He worked upon a farm until eighteen 
 years of age, and in 1877 was employed by the above named railroad 
 company as a section hand, in which capacity he worked about three 
 years. In the meantime he had formed a friendship with a telegraph 
 operator at Winston Station, and began to learn telegraphy. In a 
 year's time he was able to satisfactorily perform the duties of teleg- 
 rapher at Leavenworth, Kas. , where he passed three years. He 
 was then induced to accept the agency of Winston Station, where he 
 remained until the railroad company sent him to Marion Station, Mo. 
 He now holds the position of general agent at that point, and owns a 
 nice little home, where his sister presides as housekeeper, and hie 
 brother, Aaron, makes his home. He is an enterprising young man, 
 and esteemed by his acquaintances, and is one of the board of direct- 
 ors of public schools. 
 
 James Daly, proprietor of the Princeton House, was born in 
 County Gallaway, Ireland, June 24, 1842, and is a son of John and 
 Mary (Fallon) Daly, also natives of Ireland, where they passed their 
 lives. James was left an orphan early in life, and in 1854 immi- 
 
688 MEECER COUNTY. 
 
 grated to the United States, locating first in Fayette County, Ohio, upon 
 a farm. In September, 1855, he came west to Mercer County, Mo., 
 where he married Mary O'Reiley in 1865. In 1883 he moved to 
 Trenton, Mo., and conducted the Omahart Hotel there for a year and 
 a half. December 1, 1884, he came to Princeton, and took charge of 
 the Princeton House, which he has since conducted successfully, and 
 as it is the only first-class hotel in Princeton, he enjoys the leading 
 patronage of the traveling public. He is a Republican in politics, 
 and during the Rebellion, in the year 1861, enlisted in the first Mis- 
 souri Cavalry, United States army. He served until the close of the 
 war, and in 1863 was promoted to be second lieutenant, which 
 position he held until mustered out. While in service he lost his right 
 eye. He is the father of eight living children: William J., Edward 
 P. , Lizzie, Cassie, Frank, Mollie, Joseph and Maggie. Mr. Daly is 
 a member of the G. A. R., and himself and family belong to the 
 Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 William H. Davis was born November 25, 1887, in Hardy County, 
 Va., and is a son of Jonathan M. and Elizabeth (Constable) Davis. 
 The father was also a native of Hardy County, and born in 1814. 
 His father, Henry M. Davis, was born in Wales, and came to America, 
 where he married, and locating in Virginia embarked in mercantile 
 life; he was a soldier in the War of 1812. Jonathan M. lived in 
 his native State and county until the fall of 1843, when he came to 
 Mercer County, Mo. , and settled upon the farm now owned by W. 
 J. Clamands. He resided in Harrison Township until about 1878, 
 when he removed to Lindley Township, at which place he died Feb- 
 ruary 24, 1884. He was a pioneer settler of the county, and for 
 many years ran a saw and grist mill in partnership with his brother- 
 in law, William Constable, on Grand River, near the mill of James 
 P. Anderson. His wife was born in Hardy County, Va. , in 1815, 
 and died January 22, 1884. William H. is the second of a familj' 
 of eleven children, anel when six years old was brought by his par- 
 ents to Mercer County, with whom he remained, working on his 
 father's farm or in the mill until twenty-five years of age. In Sep- 
 tember, 1863, he married Delilah A. Wolf, daiighter of John and 
 Sarah Wolf, who came to the county in 1840. Mrs. Davis was born 
 in Harrison Township, of this county, October 11, 1841, and has two 
 children: William Sherman and George Davenport. The former 
 works upon his father's farm, and the latter farms in Montana. In 
 1867 Mr, Davis bought forty acres of land, where he has since 
 resided, but to which he has added until he now owns 300 acres. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 689 
 
 His son, Sherman, is the owner of 160 acres, and in partnership with 
 his father keeps on an average 150 head of stock. In the summer of 
 1885 Mr. Davis erected a handsome dwelling, at a cost of $1,300. 
 In politics he is a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for 
 Douglas in 1860. During the war he served in the Home Militia. 
 
 Clark Deshler was born June 7, 1830, in Athens County, Ohio, 
 and is the eighth of fourteen children (six deceased) of Christopher 
 and Nancy (Phillips) Deshler, natives of Virginia. They were mar- 
 ried in Ohio, and after their marriage settled on a farm in Athens 
 County, where the father died in 1863. The mother then lived with 
 her daughter, Mrs. Lida Sutherdon, until her death in 1874. The 
 father was an expert brick mason by trade, was the builder of the 
 Athens County University, and the greater number of brick buildings 
 in the town of Athens, which was but a rye field when he first came 
 to the county, but is now a town of about 2,500 inhabitants. In con- 
 nection with his trade he farmed in the summer and manufactured 
 chairs in the winter. He was prominently identified with the upbuild- 
 ing of the county, and his loss was mourned by a large circle of friends. 
 Clark remained with his parents until twenty-two years of age, and 
 then in company with his brother, Horace W. , and forty-two others, 
 started for California, via New York, Aspinwall and the Isthmus. 
 Just before reaching Kingston, Jamaica, the ship in which they had 
 taken passage, was badly wrecked, but they finally reached their 
 destination in safety, after one of the most perilous and tedious jour- 
 neys ever made over that route. They landed at San Francisco on 
 the 2d of April, 1852, having been nearly four months upon the 
 journey. They remained in San Francisco but a short time, and then 
 proceeded upon a steamer to Stockton, where Clark met a merchant 
 who knew a brother of his who had proceeded him to California two 
 years before. Their new acquaintance offered them money, and any 
 assistance to reach their destination, and they then proceeded seventy- 
 five miles on foot to the mines. Clark spent one month in the 
 mines, six weeks engaged in haying, three months in threshing and 
 then bought a mule team, and until January, 1858, hauled mining 
 tools and provender to the mines. Previous to the close of 1857 he 
 was married (December 30) to Charlotte, daughter of Henry and 
 Frances (Hope) Zieger. In 1858 he started homeward with his wife, 
 and after a pleasant journey arrived in New York, the 27th of Janu- 
 ary. There Mrs. Deshler remained with her brothers, while Mr. 
 Deshler went to Philadelphia to deposit the gold dust he had accu- 
 mulated in California, and which he wished converted into money. 
 
690 MEECEE COUKTY. 
 
 From there he went fco visit his parents in Athens, and then went 
 back east for his wife and money. He subsequently resided in Athens 
 County, Ohio, two years, and then immigrated to Missouri, where he 
 settled upon a farm in the northern part of the county. A year 
 later he permanently located upon his farm in Madison Township, 
 Mercer County, where he has since resided. On September 2, 1862, 
 he enlisted in Company C, Thirty-fifth Missouri Infantry, and was 
 soon ordered to St. Joseph. From there he went to St. Louis, where 
 the troops were armed, and in the spring of 1863 started for the 
 south. He served three years, part of the time as sergeant, and 
 was at the battles of Helena, Ark. ; Shell Mound, Miss. , and several 
 important skirmishes. He was honorably discharged June 28, 1865, 
 but not mustered out until July 15. Two days later he arrived 
 home to his farm duties. Mrs. Deshler was born on the St. Law- 
 rence River, March 8, 1838, and is the mother of seven children: 
 W. H., C. L., Carrie F., Estella May, wife of William Fadke; Albert P., 
 E. H. and E. B. Mr. Deshler started for California when but a 
 young man, with no capital, but now owns 202 acres of fine land in 
 Mercer County, and is considered one of the leading and prosperous 
 citizens of the same, and a self-made man. He is a Republican, 
 and was elected judge of the first district of Mercer County by that 
 party in 1886, and is now discharging the duties of that ofiSice in 
 connection with his agricultural pursuits. Previous to the war he 
 was a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for F. K. Pierce 
 in 1852. Himself and wife are active members of the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 John Dodge was born November 16, 1820, in Sullivan County, N. 
 Y., and is a son of Jonathan and Hannah (Brown) Dodge, natives of 
 Long Island and New York, respectively. They were married in the 
 latter State, and lived in Sullivan County until the father's death in 
 1827. Soon after the mother immigrated with her children to Illinois, 
 where she settled in McHenry County, at which place her death 
 occurred in 1870. John Dodge was educated in the common schools 
 of his native county, and at the tender age of eleven began to care for 
 himself. He worked in a card-board factory in Sullivan County, N. 
 Y. , for nine years, and then engaged at carpentering four years. He 
 then farmed for two years, after which he moved to Illinois, and set- 
 tled in McHenry County. In the spring of 1850 he went to Califor- 
 nia, and until June, 1854, worked in the mines. He then returned to 
 McHenry County, lU. , and the following spring sold out and moved to 
 Mercer County, Mo. There he purchased a tract of land, upon which 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 691 
 
 he has since resided, with the exception of the time spent in war. 
 September 30, 1862, he enlisted in Company C, Thirty-fifth Regiment 
 of Infantry, and remained in service until June 12, 1865, when he 
 was discharged on account of disability contracted while in service. 
 After his return home on March 15, 1868, he was united in marriage 
 with Julia C, daughter of Silas and Tabitha (Haven) Hartshorn. 
 Mrs. Dodge was born June 14, 1836, in Washington County, Ohio, 
 and in 1845 went with her parents to Crawford County, 111., and in 
 1850 to Grundy County, Mo. She was married at her home in Mercer 
 County. Mr. Dodge is a self-made man. Having been cast upon his 
 own resources when but a boy, by industry and the assistance of his 
 faithful wife is now the owner of 320 acres of good land, most of 
 which is well cleared and cultivated. He owns forty acres of timber 
 land besides his farm, and is considered one of the substantial farmers 
 of the county. Previous to the war he was a Democrat, and his first 
 presidential vote was cast for the Democratic nominee in 1844, but 
 since the war he has become identified with the Republican party. 
 
 James P. Drake was born in Richland County, Ohio, December 4, 
 1839, and is the son of James T. and Catherine (Sneath) Drake, 
 natives of New York and Maryland, respectively. In 1814 the father 
 moved to Ohio, .and located in Erie County in 1814, and while in Ohio, 
 was married in 1833, after which he continued to live in that State 
 until 1866. He then moved to Missouri, and settled upon a farm 
 near Princeton, where himself and wife have since resided, and are 
 classed among the old and respected citizens of Mercer County. 
 James P. Drake was reared principally in Erie County, and remained 
 at home with his parents until 1859, after which he resided in Texas 
 eight years. While there he served in the Confederate army, under 
 Gen. Parsons, from May 29, 1862, until the close of the war. Imme- 
 diately after the cessation of hostilities he was married, and in 1867 
 came to Mercer County, Mo. , and settled upon his present farm in 
 Ravanna Township, upon which he has since lived, with the exception 
 of two years spent in the mercantile business in the town of Ravanna. 
 He now owns one of the nicest farms in the county, consisting of 435 
 acres, all fenced, and under a fine state of cultivation. The improve- 
 ments are of the best, and his residence and barn are substantial and 
 comfortable. His marriage occurred in Texas, December 3, 1865, Miss 
 Mary J. Meador becoming his wife. She was born in Alabama, and 
 is a daughter of William and Sarah Meador, natives of North Carolina. 
 This union has been blessed with the following six children: Sarah C, 
 Edie, Matella, James, Charles and Thomas P. Mr. Drake is one of 
 
692 MERGER COUNTY. 
 
 the substantial and successful farmers of Mercer County, and for the 
 past eight years has been extensively engaged in shipping stock. He 
 is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a highly respected citizen. 
 In politics he is Independent, and has served one term as county 
 judge. 
 
 John T. Duncan was born in Tennessee May 7, 1831. His father, 
 Alfred G., and his mother, Elinor, daughter of John Duncan, were 
 cousins, and natives of Tennessee. After their marriage they immi- 
 grated to Missouri, where John was reared upon a farm, and lived 
 with his parents until his marriage. In 1856 he was united in mar- 
 riage with Harriet, daughter of Charles Wakefield, by whom four 
 childi'en were bom: Mary E., Alfred G. (deceased), Charles A. and 
 Harriet E. (deceased). Mrs. Duncan died on December 22, 1863, 
 and Mr. Duncan then moved from his own farm, and took his children 
 to his mother, with whom he made his home until February 8, 1866, 
 when he married Mary D. , daughter of James H. Brown. He then 
 returned to his own place, which now consists of 235 acres in the 
 homestead, all fenced, well improved, and upon which are a good 
 residence and comfortable outbuildings. To his second union the 
 following children have been born: James H. , Eliza A., Susan E., 
 Sarah I., William M. (deceased), Edith L. , Arthur C. (deceased) and 
 Theodosia. Mr. Duncan is a Democrat in politics, and during the 
 war lent his influence to the Union army. He is an old pioneer 
 settler of Mercer County, and has noted the advancement of the coun- 
 try since its early history. He often compares the manner of his life 
 in the olden times with the present, and longs for the days of ' ' auld 
 lang syne," when he was obliged to beat corn on a stump to make the 
 bread which he cooked upon a board. 
 
 James D. Dykes was born in Mercer County, Mo. , March 8, 1847, 
 and is a son of James and Jennie (Foster) Dykes. The father is of 
 English descent, and born in Anderson County, Tenn., in 1812, where 
 he was reared upon a farm and married. In 1845 he immigrated to 
 Mercer County, Mo., and settled in Morgan Township, where he has 
 since resided. He lives upon the farm he originally entered, and is 
 the owner of 400 acres. During the Eebellion he served as second 
 lieutenant in Company M, Twelfth Missouri Cavalry. He has been 
 twice married, his second wife, Mary (Wilson) Dykes, still living. 
 His first wife, and the mother of our subject, was born in Tennessee 
 in 1812, and died in 1853. James D. is the youngest of a family of 
 six children, and during his younger days received a common- school 
 education. In 1867 he entered the State University at Columbia, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 693 
 
 which he attended fifteen months, and then taught school for about 
 ten terms in Mercer County, beginning that vocation at the age of 
 nineteen. August 15, 1875, he married Miss Alice V. Smith, daugh- 
 ter of George W. and Matilda Ann (Walton) Smith, natives of North 
 Carolina, who came to Mercer County in 1856. Mrs. Dykes was born 
 April 1, 1853, in Rowan County, N. C. , and is the mother of the fol- 
 lowing five children: Annie J., George S. (deceased), Nellie May 
 (deceased), Dollie W., and James W. Mr. Dykes is a Eepnblican, 
 and cast his first presidental vote for Grant in 1868. He was a strong 
 Union man during the war, and in September, 1862, enlisted for 
 three years in Company C, Thirty-fifth Missouri Infantry, in which 
 he served one year. He was present at the battle of Helena, and 
 July 4, 1863, was shot in the right arm, which was amputated on the 
 sixth of the same month. He remained in the hospital at Memphis, 
 Tenn., until September 10, and was then discharged and returned 
 home. He is a leader of his political party in Mercer County, and in 
 the fall of 1872 was elected sheriff, and re-elected to that office in 1874. 
 Two years later he was elected treasurer of the county, and in 1878 
 re-elected. In 1880 he was elected constable of Morgan Township 
 for two years, and in 1882 received the election as collector of revenue 
 for the county, and in 1884 was re-elected, which forcibly illustrates 
 his efficiency as a public officer. In July, 1886, he bought 140 acres 
 of land, and in the spring of 1887 located where he now resides. He 
 owns ISO acres, and in the summer of 1887 erected a dwelling at a 
 cost of $800. He is a member of the G. A. R. and A. O. U. W., and 
 his wife is identified with the Methodist Episcopal Chiirch at Prince- 
 ton. 
 
 Josiah S. England was born in Bedford County, Penn., December 
 22, 1832, and is a son of Peter and Elizabeth England, also natives 
 of that county. Peter England was of German descent, and was a 
 son of William England, being one of the early settlers of Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was the father of nine sons and two daughters. Peter 
 England's wife was a member of the German Reformed Church. He 
 died February 5, 1887, at the ripe age of eighty years. Elizabeth, 
 his wife, died October 5, 1887, aged seventy-six years, leaving sons 
 and daughters and many friends to mourn their loss. J. S. England 
 united with the church when eighteen years old, and has endeavored 
 to live a consistent Christian life up to this time. He left the pater- 
 nal roof (1853) when of age, going to Ohio. Thence he returned to 
 Pennsylvania, and, realizing the necessity of an education, he attend- 
 ed Rainsburg Seminary for three consecutive terms, and finished up 
 
694 MEBCEE COUNTY. 
 
 the common English branches. Subsequently he taught six terms of 
 school, two in Pennsylvania, two in Illinois, and two in Missouri. In 
 1858 he embarked for the west, located at Marshfield, Mo., remained 
 there until 1863, and then moved to Illinois, where he engaged in 
 the mercantile trade for ten years, then coming to Mercer County, 
 Mo., where he is still engaged in merchandising, in Somerset. 
 On Februaiy 10, 1859, Mr. England was married to Nancy E. 
 Shackelford, daughter of Garland and Mary Shackelford. Mrs. Eng- 
 land was born in Greene County, Mo. , December 4, 1842, and has 
 raised a nice family of children, of whom three are married. Mr. 
 and Mrs. England have had many trials in life together, especially 
 during the late war in Southwestern Missouri, where so much diver- 
 sified opinion existed. He cast his lot with the Republican party, 
 and always took that party as a matter of right and safety. When 
 only nine men voted for Abraham Lincoln in the county of Webster, 
 he was one among them, and rendered good service in the Home 
 Guards, and in the militia. He joined the Tenth Illinois Cavalry, 
 but was rejected on account of inability to stand hardships. He has 
 always endeavored to be right and on the right side, having an eye 
 single to the glory of God, and His guidance by day and night in the 
 hours of despondency. They are connected with the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, and take a prominent part in State, church and 
 Sunday-school work and the cause of prohibition. 
 
 J. B. Evans, attorney, real estate, loan and insurance agent, was 
 born in Putnam County, Ind. , July 30, 1841, and is the eldest of a 
 family of two sons and three daughters, all of whom were reared to 
 maturity. His paternal ancestors were Welsh, and his father, Will- 
 iam H, was born in Kentucky, in 1818, and married in Putnam 
 County, Ind., to Margaret Noslet, a native of Tennessee, whose 
 death occurred in Madison County, Iowa, The father is at present 
 a resident of Meade County, Kas. J. B, Evans was taken to Iowa 
 by his parents when an infant, and was there reared and received his 
 early education. He graduated fi-om the law department of the 
 Columbian College in 1869, and began the practice of his profession 
 the following year at Bedford, Iowa. After residing and practicing 
 in various places in Iowa until September, 1877, he then located at 
 Princeton, where he has since resided. For three years he was con- 
 nected with the firm of Evans & Reed until 1881, since which date he 
 has practiced alone. In May, 1884, he was elected mayor of Prince- 
 ton, in which ofiice he served efficiently three terms. He was mar- 
 ried at Memphis, Tenn. , in 1 864, to Theresa MaiTe, an Italian lady, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 695 
 
 by whom he has had two sons (now deceased) and four daughters. In 
 July, 1861, he enlisted in the Fourth Iowa Infantry, in which he 
 remained two years and eight months. He then was transfeiTed to 
 and served as a soldier of Hancock's veteran corps two years, during 
 which he was detailed by the secretary of war for special clerical 
 work in that department, where he remained five years, when he 
 resigned to go west. 
 
 Frank M. Evans was born in Washington County, Ind. , December 
 17, 1831, and is a son of Rev. Solomon and Sarah Evans. The father 
 was born in North Carolina, and when fifteen years of age moved 
 with his parents to Putnam County, Ind. When twenty years 
 old he went to Washington County, Ind., where he was married, and 
 lived until Frank M. was a year old. He then moved to Putnam 
 County, Ind., and lived in that county until 1851, at which time 
 they came to Mercer County, Mo., where the father died in 1858, 
 aged forty-seven. Farming was his occupation, and during his later 
 years he engaged in preaching the gospel. He was a hard and earnest 
 worker, and wherever he dwelt was the prime builder of a Protest- 
 ant Methodist Church, and although principally raised in the 
 South was strongly opposed to slavery. His wife was born in 
 North Carolina, and is now residing in Lincoln County, Kas. 
 Frank M. Evans is the eldest of a family of nine children, six 
 now living, and was educated in the schools of Putnam County, Ind. 
 When of age he married Eliza Ann McEeynolds, who was born in the 
 same county in which Frank M. received his education. He then 
 moved to Grundy County, Mo., where he resided two years, and then 
 moved to Mercer County, Mo. , where his wife died, leaving foiu- 
 childi-en: Sarah F. , Parilee, Dona (deceased) and Tipton G. Mr. 
 Evans entered land in Mercer County, and began to improve a farm 
 which he still owns with some additions. He now owns 648 acres of 
 the finest and best improved land in the county. In 186.S he moved 
 toRavanna, and engaged in stock business in connection with farminc. 
 In June, 1863, he man-ied America, daughter of Thomas Ballew. 
 She died two years later. On December 8, 1867, he married Ruth A. 
 Perse, who has borne him two children — Edward E. and Harry 
 (deceased). He then moved to the farm the next spring. In 1873 
 he engaged in the mercantile business under the firm name of Rogers, 
 Evans & Co., and a year later purchased Jlr. Rogers' share, after 
 which the firm was known as Holmes & Evans. Three years after- 
 ward he sold his interest to W. W. Holmes and has since been 
 engaged in farming and stock raising, and is now interested in stock 
 
696 MEBCEE COUNTY. 
 
 in partnership with his son, Tipton G., and owns at present 220 head 
 of cattle and thirty-four head of horses. Mr. Evans is a self-made 
 man, a member of the Masonic Lodge No. 258, at Ravanna. Is an 
 active Republican, and dviring the war served six months as sergeant 
 in the army. 
 
 Philip Evoritt (deceased) was born October 13, 1821, in Madison 
 County, Ohio, and was reared upon a farm in that State receiving but 
 a common-school education. His parents were Thomas and Jane 
 Evoritt, and Philip accompanied them to Mercer County, Mo. , in 1839, 
 where his father entered a tract of land in the northern part of what 
 is now Washington Township. He assisted his father in clearing the 
 place and imjiroving a farm, and remained at home until twenty-eight 
 years of age. The father died in July, 1869. After leaving home he 
 settled upon a tract of land situated in Section 25, Township 64, and 
 Range 24, west, where he resided until his death. At first he entered 
 but a small tract, but being of an energetic and industrious nature he 
 continually added to his original purchase until he became the owner 
 of 600 acres of land in one body, all of which was productive and well 
 improved, with fences, good outbuildings and a fine residence. He 
 also possessed real estate besides his home place, his property in all 
 amounting to about 1,240 acres, making him one of the wealthiest and 
 most successful citizens of Mercer County. His first marriage, to 
 Harriet McKee, was blessed with two children: Melissa Amelia, wife 
 of Oscar Clark, and Mary Ann, wife of Marcus Adams. Mrs. Evoritt 
 died in April, 1865, and October 16, of the same year, Mr. Evoritt was 
 united in marriage with Minerva, daughter of Archibald and Hannah 
 (Ashcroft) Smith. This lady was born February 24, 1837, in Indiana, 
 and when but two and one-half years old was brought by her parents 
 to Mercer County, Mo., where she was reared, and married at the 
 youthful age of sixteen, to Crawford Edwards. After seven years of 
 happy wedded life Mr. Edwards died, leaving his widow and three 
 children. She afterward became the wife of Elisha Evoritt, who died 
 in July, 1864, leaving one child. Mrs. Evoritt then married Philip 
 Evoritt, her union with him being blessed with six children. She 
 remained a faithful wife and helpmate to him until his death in 1885. 
 He was a loyal and stanch supporter of the Republican party during 
 his life, and one of the prominent and active members of the Christian 
 Church, to which denomination his widow also belongs. He was 
 highly honored in the community in which he lived, as an honest and 
 high principled man, and his death was mourned by a large circle of 
 friends. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 697 
 
 William A. Finney, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Tuscara- 
 was County, Ohio, December 25, 1841, and is a son of James and 
 Sarah (Adair) Finney. The father was of Irish descent, born in Bel- 
 mont County, Ohio, in 1809, and a son of John Finney, a native of 
 Ireland. When sixteen years old James went to Guernsey Coiinty, 
 and began working upon National Pike. While there he married Miss 
 Nancy Hughs, in 1833, by whom one child, Nancy, was born. Mrs. 
 Finney died in Columbus, Ohio, in 1834. Mr. Finney then continued 
 his work as a contractor on the National Pike into Madison County, 
 where he became acquainted with and married Sarah Adair, in 1836, a 
 native of that county, and born in 1818. She now lives in Mercer 
 County, Mo. , and is the mother of nine children, eight of whom are 
 living. After his second marriage Mr. Finney removed to Tuscara- 
 was Couuty where he bought a farm, and commenced farming, and 
 which occupation he continued until his death in 1866. William A. 
 Finney lived with his parents until he arrived at maturity, and in 
 March, 1863, married Catherine Crider, who was born in Hocking 
 County, Ohio, May 1, 1844, and is the mother of eleven children: 
 James D. , Sarah M. , John E. , Rosa E. , Joseph, Nelson, Jennie, 
 Betsey, Naomi, Cora and Frances M. In 1866 Mr. Finney went to 
 Pickaway County, Ohio, and two years later came to Mercer County, 
 Mo. , where in 1876 he purchased 160 acres where he now resides. He 
 is one of the successful farmers of the township, and a respected citi- 
 zen. In politics he is a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote 
 for G. B. McClellan in 1864. Himself and wife are members of the 
 St. Paul Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Andrew J. Finney, farmer and stock raiser of Harrison Township, 
 was born March 3, 1853, in Tuscarawas County, Ohi5, and is a son of 
 James and Sarah (Adair) Finney [see sketch of William A. Finney], 
 He is one of a family of eight living children, the others being Jane 
 (wife of John Hursey), William A. , John W. , Catherine (wife of Cal- 
 vin Lakin), Ruth A. (wife of A. J. Norman), Joseph, Sarah M. (wife 
 of Allen Murphey). Andrew J. is the seventh child and lived at home 
 until 1882, receiving a common-school education during his youth. 
 In September, 1881, he left his native State and immigrated to Mercer 
 County, Mo., where he bought 160 acres of land in Section 9, Town- 
 ship 65, Range 25, which he still owns and successfully farms. In 
 the winter of 1882 he returned to his native county, and February 
 16 of that year was united in marriage with Miss Mahala, daughter 
 of George and Mar}' Hursey, of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, where Mrs. 
 Finney was born in 1851. To Mr. and Mrs. Finney three children 
 
698 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 have been born: Harland, Mary Estell, and one -who is dead. In 
 politics, Sir. Finney is a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote 
 for S. J. Tilden in 1876. Both himself and wife are worthy members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Chm-ch. 
 
 Lyman R. Fuller was born in Syracuse County, N. Y. , May 23, 
 1829, and is a son of J. Lyman and Azuba (Russell) Fioller, natives of 
 Lowell, Mass., and Old Hartford, Conn., respectively. The father 
 located at Syracuse when a young man, and there married and lived, 
 engaged in shoemaking until his death. He was twice married; one 
 daughter, Clarissa (wife of Madison Ches), born by his fii-st marriage, is 
 still living, and three sons born by the second m&rriage : Lyman R. , Amos 
 D. and Harvey R. , are also living. Lyman R. was but nine years old 
 at the death of his father, and early in life he learned the blacksmith' s 
 trade, which he followed in his native State, and in Ohio untU 1855. 
 He then immigrated to Missouri, and conducted a saw and grist mill 
 in connection with blacksmithing at Akron, Harrison Co., Mo., until 
 1863. He then came to Princeton, where he has since had a black- 
 smith and repair shop, and engaged in the manufacture of wagons. 
 July 22, 18-47, he married Julia E. Pickens, also a native of Syracuse 
 County, N. Y. , by whom he has nine living childi-en : Mary (wife of 
 N. W. Pickard), Charles A., William L., Harvey R., Frank E., Nel- 
 son J. , Lottie A. (wife of Charles Decker), Mattie J. (wife of A. H. 
 Harnly) and Justin E. Mr. Fuller was formerly a Whig, but upon 
 the dissolution of that party became a Republican. While in Harrison 
 County he served as justice of the peace and postmaster, but since 
 coming to Mercer County has held no office. Himself and wife are 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 William H. Galiger was born in Maine, October 21, 1842, and is 
 a son of John R. and Ellen (Connell) Galiger. The father was born 
 in Ireland, and was brought to the States by his parents when but six 
 years old. In 1845 he went to Illinois, and located upon a farm in Lake 
 County, where his wife died in 1871, and he in 1876. William H. 
 remained at home until eighteen years of age, and then enlisted in the 
 Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry, in which he served three years and 
 two months. He participated in a number of well-known battles such 
 as Pea Ridge, Prairie Grove, Siege of Vicksburg, and was also present 
 during a number of skirmishes. After the expiration of his service 
 he returned to Lake County, 111. , and engaged in farming. In the 
 fall of 1866 he was married to Sarah A. Cribb, daughter of Henry 
 Cribb, by whom he had five children, four now living: Henry C, 
 Libbie G. , Clarence O. and Joseph E. After his marriage he still 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 699 
 
 continued to make Lake County his home until 1870 when himself and 
 wife came to Mercer County, Mo., and settled upon his present farm. 
 He now owns 280 acres of land, all improved and under a good state 
 of cultivation. Mr. Galiger is a hearty supporter of the Republican 
 party, but has never desired public office of any kind. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Masonic fraternity and of the G. A. E. He is a liberal 
 donator to all enterprises for the welfare of his county, and is well 
 esteemed in his neighborhood. 
 
 Abner George, dealer in railroad ties, stone and lumber, was born 
 in JefPerson County, Tenn., in 1829, and is a son of Charles and 
 Susannah (Russell) George. The father was born in East Tennessee, 
 and died when Abner was but fifteen years old. The mother was a 
 native of North Carolina, reared in Tennessee, and died in Princeton, 
 Mo. , in 1881. She was the mother of nine children, eight of whom 
 are now living. Abner is the second child, and was reared in Sevier 
 County, Tenn., where he was married in 1847 to Sarah Hickman, 
 also a native of Jefferson County, Tenn., and by whom he had eleven 
 children, seven still surviving. Mrs. George died August 16, 1875, 
 and Mr. George afterward married Rosella J. Hurt, a native of Indiana, 
 who was reared in Missouri. This union has been blessed with three 
 children, two of whom are living. After his first marriage Mr. George 
 followed agricultural pursuits in Sevier County, Tenn., until 1850, 
 and then located two years in Macoupin County, 111. In 1852 he came to 
 Mercer County, Mo. , and located on Government land six miles north of 
 Princeton, where he remained until 1877, then moved to Princeton, 
 where he has since been engaged in his present business. While at 
 Cottonwood in 1871 he engaged in the mercantile business, at which 
 he continued until April, 1877, also holding the position of postmaster 
 at the same time. He is a successful business man, and handles about 
 400,000 ties per annum, 400 car loads of stone per month and 3,000- 
 000 feet of lumber per annum. 
 
 James George was born in Sevier County, Tenn., February 1, 
 1833, and is a son of Charles and Susannah George. The father was 
 of Irish descent, and born in Tennessee. He was a cooper by trade, 
 in connection with which he engaged in agricultural pursuits. He 
 died in 1844, in the prime of life, having passed all his days in his 
 native State. The mother was of English descent, born in Tennes- 
 see in 1805, and died in Mercer County, Mo., in 1881. James is one 
 of a family of nine children, seven of whom are now living: Abner; 
 Rhoda, wife of John Hamilton; James; Thomas W. ; Mary Ann, wife 
 of Sylvester Wilson; Moses R., and Margaret, wife of James Mason. 
 
700 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 James was only twelve years old when his father died, and subsequently 
 made his home with his mother until twenty-five years of age, work- 
 ing upon the home farm. In 1851 he went to Illinois, and in 1853 
 came to Mercer County, Mo., where, January 28, 1858, he married 
 Miss Margaret I. Hickman, daughter of John and Sarah Hickman. 
 Mrs. George was born in Sevier County, Tenn. , November 24, 1838, 
 and is the mother of seven living children: Abner B, Henry C, 
 Mary (wife of George Pollard), Lucretia E. (wife of Peter Gates), Gen- 
 evia Alice, Charles and Ehoda E. About 1855 Mr. George entered 120 
 acres of land in Section 2, Townshijj 65, Range 24, upon which he 
 located after his marriage, and upon which he remained until 1881. He 
 then bought and located upon 240 acres where he now lives. He came to 
 the county with no money but by industry and good management has 
 become the owner of 600 acres, and is one of the well-to-do and success- 
 ful farmers of the county. In connection with farming he is quite exten- 
 sively engaged in stock raising. In politics he is a Democrat, and his 
 first presidential vote was cast for Fillmore in 1856. Himself and wife 
 are members of the Baptist Church, to which Mr. George has belonged 
 twenty-seven years, and in which he has been deacon for the past 
 eight months. 
 
 King David Girdner was born in Knox County, Ky. , December 25, 
 1830, and is a son of Joseph and Anna (Lauderdale) Girdner. The 
 father was of German descent, born in Pennsylvania in 1790, and 
 when small went to Greene County, Tenn., where he was married. He 
 afterward moved to Knox County, Ky. , and in 1839 moved to Mercer 
 County, Mo., where he entered 263 acres of land, where our subject 
 now lives. He was a general mechanic, blacksmith and wagon-maker 
 by trade, and quite successful in his business transactions, at one time 
 owning 480 acres of land. He came to Missouri when the country 
 was inhabited by wild animals and Indians, and was one of the first 
 settlers in the county. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and died 
 in 1874. His wife was of Irish descent, born in Greene County, 
 Tenn., in 1791, and died in 1865. She was the mother of eleven 
 children, of whom King Girdner was the youngest. He came to Mis- 
 souri with his parents when nine years old, and after they became old 
 and feeble took charge of the homestead, and cared for them in their 
 declining years. May 28, 1854, he married Miss Mary Ann, daugh- 
 ter of Judge Preston Underwood, and a native of Jefferson County, 
 Tenn. , born October 13, 1835. This union has been blessed with eight 
 children: William L. ; Albert S. ; Nettie, wife of Henry Cisco; Emma, 
 wife of Harvey Boyd; Alice, Maggie, Edward and Harry O. He has 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 701 
 
 resided upon his present farm since coming to Missouri, and the first 
 circuit court held in the county was held where his present residence is 
 ocated, the jury holding their conference beneath the forest trees. 
 Mr. Girdner is Ihe owner of 361 acres of land, well improved and cul- 
 tivated, and in 1882 erected a dwelling at a cost of $1,000, which is 
 very desirably located. He is a Democrat, and during the war served 
 five months in the Home Militia. His first presidential vote was cast 
 for Pierce in 1852. His wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 James M. Goodin was born in Knox County, Ky. , September 29, 
 1842. His father, E. B. Goodin, was a native of Kentucky, and mar- 
 ried Jane, daughter of John Fuson. They immigrated to Mercer Coun- 
 ty, Mo. , in 1849, when the Indians still lived in the country, and here 
 the father pre-empted eighty acres of land, which he improved, and 
 upon which he lived for some time. He afterward sold his original 
 purchase, and bought a 220-acre tract. James made his home with 
 his parents until the commencement of the war, when he enlisted in 
 Company B, Twenty-seventh Missouri Infantry, and served until the 
 close of the war without receiving a wound. He participated in the 
 battles of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain, and followed 
 Sherman to the coast. October 23, 1805, he was united in marriage 
 with Loainda, daughter of John Mcintosh, by whom three sons and 
 four daughters were born : Betsey J. , wife of Lafayette Cornett, mar- 
 ried in 1886; William T., James F., Rachel (deceased), John, Rosa 
 M. and Martha A. Mr. Goodin dwells in a large frame house, sur- 
 rounded with good outbuildings, which are built upon his well-culti- 
 vated farm of 335 acres. His property is all the result of his unas- 
 sisted labor, and his farm is well stocked with a high grade of Short- 
 horn cattle and fine Norman horses. He is a successful farmer, and a 
 stanch Republican. From 1876 to 1882 he was engaged in the gen- 
 eral mercantile business at Cottonwood, but has now retired to farm 
 life. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. , and a liberal donator to all 
 laudable public enterprises of a religious or educational character. 
 
 William Henry Harper is a son of Joseph and Nancy (Major) Har- 
 per, and was born December 18, 1830. The father was born in 
 County Down, Ireland, in 1794, and in 1818 came to America, fii'st 
 settling in Philadelphia. After a few years he went to Belmont 
 County, Ohio, in 1824, where he married and passed the remainder 
 of his life engaged in farming. He died in 1885. He was twice mar- 
 ried, his second wife, Clarinda (Rice) Harper, still living. Before the 
 war Mr. Hai-per was the captain of a company of the State Volunteer 
 
702 MEECEB COUNTY. 
 
 Militia. Nancy (Major) Harper was born in Harford County, Md. , in 
 1793, and died in 1861. She was the mother of four children, of whom 
 our subject is the third. William H. was educated in Franklin County, 
 New Athens, Harrison Co. , Ohio, Edward M. Stanton, John A. Bing- 
 ham, Louis Luton and Rev. W. M. Grimes having been his school- 
 mates. He left the college when in the sophomore year, and at the 
 age of twenty-two began to teach, continuing engaged in that voca- 
 tion two terms. October 27, 1857, he married Miss Margaret Craig, 
 daughter of William and Rosanna Craig. Mrs. Harper was born on 
 Long Point, Canada, in 1833, and is the mother of the following four 
 children: Rosa A., Elmer E., William C. and John S. After com- 
 mencing life upon his own responsibilty he engaged in the mercantile 
 business at Hendrysburg, in Belmont County, Ohio, where he remained 
 eight years. During the war he enlisted in Company A, Second Mon- 
 ghala Departmental Corps, in November, 1862, and was afterward 
 elected second lieutenant of same, and served until discharged at 
 Wheeling, Va., in May, 1864. In 1867 he sold his store in Hendrys- 
 burg and moved to Freedom, Noble Co., Ohio, and sold goods, 
 but subsequently bought a farm, which he afterward disposed of, and 
 in 1870 came to Mercer County, Mo., where he bought 260 acres of 
 land where he now resides, and began life as a farmer. He is a good 
 citizen, and in politics is a Republican. His first presidential vote 
 was cast for Gen. Scott in 1852. While in Ohio he served as post- 
 master of Hendrysburg five years. He is a Master Mason, a local 
 preacher, and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which his 
 wife also belongs. 
 
 Franklin B. Hart is a son of William Morgan and Rebecca (Hart) 
 Hart, and was born half a mile from his present residence in Harrison 
 Township, Section 12, Township 65, Range 25. The father was born 
 in Whitley County, Ky., in 1804, and when a young man went to 
 Putnam County, 111. , where he married Elizabeth Hart, who bore him 
 three childi'en: Nancy C. (wife of Joseph Neely, and who died Sep- 
 tember 7, 1887), Hannah (wife of John Reeves) and John Mor- 
 gan. Mrs. Hart died, and Mr. Hart afterward married her sister, 
 Rebecca Hart, daughter of Peter and Hannah (Poe) Hart, and born 
 in Ashe County, N. C, December 25, 1816. In 1839 Mr. Hart came 
 to Mercer County, Mo. , where he entered 100 acres of land, upon which 
 he settled and passed the remainder of his days. He was a successful 
 farmer, and owned at one time 1,500 acres. To his second marriage 
 the following children were born, James E. , Missoiu-i (wife of David 
 Lockridge), Rebecca Kentucky (wife of William P. Moss), Franklin 
 
BIOGRArHICAL APPENDIX. 703 
 
 B., Willard P. H., Eliza Ann (wife of Calvin Moss), Virginia L. (wife 
 of David McClaren), and Hazeltine (wife of Joseph Moss). "William 
 Morgan Hart was a soldier in the Black Hawk War, and the captain 
 of his company. He died October 17, 1876. Franklin B. received a 
 common-school education during his youth, and in Aiigust, 18S4, 
 married Miss Hettie Ann Smith, daughter of Israel F. and Rachel 
 Smith, and born in Mercer County, Mo. , in 1867. To this marriage 
 one child has been born — Clelly Cleveland. Mr. Hart is the owner 
 of 296 acres of good land, and is a highly respected citizen. In pol- 
 itics he is a Democrat, and belongs to the Masonic fraternity and 
 the A. O. U. W. 
 
 James Hart is a son of William H. and Elizabeth (Hubbard) Hart, 
 and was born in Putnam County, HI., in February, 1831. The father 
 was born in Ashe County, N. C, in 1801, and after his marriage 
 moved to Whitley County, Ky. About 1830 he went to Putnam 
 County, 111., and in 1842 came to Mercer County, Mo., where he 
 settled upon the farm now owned by Elisha Wilson. His occupation was 
 that of farming, and he died in 1875. He was a soldier in the Black 
 Hawk War. His wife was also born in Ashe County, N. C. , in 
 1810, and yet survives. She is the mother of twelve children, only 
 three now living: James, America (wife of Charles Craig) and Will- 
 iam. James came to Mercer County when eleven years old, and has 
 since been a resident of Harrison Township. He lived with his 
 father until he was twenty-two, and in 1853 made a journey to Cali- 
 fornia overland with a company of twenty. He drove an ox team, and 
 after walking three-fourths of the distance arrived at his destination, 
 where he worked upon a farm. In 1855 he returned home by water, 
 via New Orleans. In December, 1856 he married Miss Nancy Jane, 
 daughter of Thomas and Margaret (Dunlap) Everett. The former was 
 born in Osage County, N. Y., and the latter in Augusta County, Va. 
 Mrs. Hart was born in Ohio, in August, 1836, and is the mother of 
 seven children: Augusta (wife of James Davis), Mary A. (wife of 
 John Mullins), Alexander, Richard, Hettie, Margaret and Lucy. In 
 the winter of 1856 Mr. Hart purchased 160 acres where he now lives, 
 and although he began life a poor man is now the owner of 440 acres 
 of good land, and a highly respected citizen. He is an old resident of 
 the county, which was inhabited by wild animals and Indians when he 
 first came here. He is a Democrat, and cast his fiist presidential vote 
 for Pierce in 1852. His wife is a member of the Christian Church. 
 
 W'illard P. Hall Hart, farmer and stock raiser of Harrison Town- 
 ship, Section 13, Township 05, Range 25, was born February 14, 1846, 
 
704 MEECEE COUNTY. 
 
 one-half mile from his present residence. He is the fifth of a family 
 of eight children born to William Morgan and Rebecca (Haitj Hart, 
 [see sketch of Franklin B. Hart] and was educated at the home school 
 in Warren County, Iowa. He remained with his parents untU twenty- 
 three years of age. In 1862 he went to Warren County, Iowa, and 
 farmed three years, after which he returned to his native State and 
 county. December 20, 1880 he maiTied Miss Mary Walter, daughter 
 of John and Eliza (Hart) Walter, and a native of Whitley County, 
 Ky. , born in 1860. ilrs. Hart was the mother of two children — Edna 
 E. and William E. M. — and died in January, 1880, since which time 
 Sir. Hart has lived with his mother. Mrs. Hart was a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Hart is a successful farmer, and 
 the owner of 320 acres of good land. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 Travis F. Hensley, prominently identified with the business 
 affairs of this portion of the State, is deserving of more than passing 
 mention in any worthy history of the afPairs of Mercer County. Still 
 a young man, comparatively, and at present occupied in a calling 
 which necessitates his absence from home the greater part of the time, 
 his career for some years past has been too closely interwoven with the 
 interests of the county to allow omission of a short sketch of his life 
 from this work. Born near Normanda, Tipton Co., Ind., September 
 21, 1S51, he was the son of Charles C. and Eliza A. Hensley, both of 
 American nativity. His boyhood days were passed in attending to 
 the duties of farm life, and during his spare time in attending school, 
 where he acquired a common English education, supplementing the 
 same, however, in later days, by self application and close observa- 
 tion. In 1868 he accompanied his father's family to Missoiui, set- 
 tling in Daviess County, near Bancroft, where the parents still make 
 their home. Leaving the parental roof in 1871 he entered into pro- 
 fessional life as a teacher. In September, 1876, he became a student 
 of Grand River College, of Edinbm-g, Mo. , pursuing his studies with 
 such assiduity that he completed a three-years' coui-se of instruction 
 in that institution in two years. He now resumed teaching, for which 
 his scholastic experience had well qualified him, but at the same time 
 turned his attention to the study of law, and entered upon a coui'se of 
 reading under the careful guidance of Hon. D. J. Heaston, of Beth- 
 any. These pursuits occupied his time and consideration until Jan- 
 uary 1, 1880, when he pui-chased the Adixince printing office and 
 established the People's Press, of Princeton, which paper he continued 
 to edit, at the same time carrj'ing on his legal studies with Capt. H. 
 J. Alley, of Princeton. In March, 1884, he was admitted to the bar, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 705 
 
 and licensed to engage actively in the practice of his chosen profession. 
 Mr. Honsley had been known during these years as a stanch Demo- 
 crat, and in October, 1885, his services in behalf of that party and his 
 eminent qualifications for the position were recognized by his appoint- 
 ment as special examiner of the United States Pension Bureau, the 
 duties of which he is still discharging. On Christmas day, 1873, he mar- 
 ried Miss Mary E. Mullen, daughter of James and Permelia Mullen, of 
 Harrison County, Mo. Their married life was begun in a humble, eco- 
 nomic manner, and for the first few years they were compelled to husband 
 their resources; as expressed in Mr. Hensley's own words: "When we 
 began business our capital stock consisted of contentment, two pairs of 
 willing hands and a determination to succeed; we have declared substan- 
 tial dividends, and still have the capital stock unimpaired. " Two childi-en 
 have blessed their union: ClaudieE., born April 8, 1876, and Frank, 
 born Octobers, 1877. Since January 1, 1887, Mr.Hensley's brother, 
 Charles B. , has shared with Mrs. Hensley in the responsibilities con- 
 nected with the publication of the paper. The latter has been associated 
 with the People' s Press since its organization, first as compositor, then 
 as local writer, and during the first two years of her husband' s oflicial 
 life became editor and manager, developing into a writer of no incon- 
 siderable ability. The paper is a warm advocate of the Democratic 
 party, and a faithful exponent of the principles of that body. Mi-s. 
 Hensley is a prominent and active member of the Christian Chui'ch, 
 and Mr. Hensley is one of its liberal supporters. He is ever ready to 
 uphold and second any and every enterprise tending to the advance- 
 ment of his county, and has never failed to assist in promoting her 
 material prosperity. 
 
 John M. Higgins was born May 31, 1843, in Laurel County, Ky., 
 and is the second of nine children (eight now living) born to William 
 and Sarah P. (Owen) Higgins. The parents lived in their native 
 State, Kentucky, until 1854, and in the spring of that year immigrated 
 to Missouri, and settled upon the farm now owned by Lewis Smith and 
 William Griffith, which is situated in the northwest corner of Washing- 
 ton Township, Mercer County. There the father died in 1858, after 
 which the mother resided there until 1865. Her children then being 
 grown she lived with her father, John Owen, three years, and then 
 moved iipon a farm in Morgan Township, where she still resides. 
 The father engaged in farming all his life. John M. received a com- 
 mon-school education in his native county, and in Mercer County. 
 August 12, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, at 
 Modena, and immediately proceeded with his regiment to the field of 
 
706 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 action. He participated in the battles of Helena, Little Eock, Oak- 
 land (Miss. ), Pine BlufP, and many skirmishes, and after remaining in 
 service until September 12, 1864, had participated in thirty-six regu- 
 lar engagements. After bis discharge he returned home, and about a 
 year later settled upon a farm he had purchased, and where he has 
 since resided. He was married September 24, 1865, to Ann S., 
 daughter of Joseph and Fanny (Prichett) Moss, born March 22, 1845, 
 in Mercer County. This union has been blessed with ten children, 
 the following now living: Ida May and Addie Belle (twins), Joseph, 
 Luther, Douglas, Eddie, Fanny, Mollie and Dick. Although Mr. 
 Higgins began life for himself at the age of eighteen without any 
 money, by the aid of health and a determination to succeed, although 
 still a young man, he is the owner of 400 acres of well-improved and 
 cultivated land, and is a well-to-do and prosperous farmer and stock 
 raiser of Mercer County. He is a Republican, a member of Mer- 
 cer County Lodge, No. 35, A. F. & A. M., and himself and wife belong 
 to the Christian Church. 
 
 James Holt was born in Moniteau County, Mo., April 17, 1842, 
 and is a son of Levi and Minerva (Williams) Holt. The father was 
 born in Kentucky, in 1818, and died in Mercer County, in 1861, dur- 
 ing the month of August. He moved from his native State to Moni- 
 teau County, Mo. , when a young man, and was there married. He 
 moved to Mercer County when our subject was but six years old, and 
 remained there until his death. He was a successful farmer and stock 
 raiser, and died in the prime of life in the midst of his prosperity. 
 The mother was born in Tennessee, in 1816, and now makes her home 
 with her children in Mercer and Sullivan Counties. She is a member 
 of the Baptist Church, and "Mr. Holt was identified with the Christian. 
 After his death Mrs. Holt married John Scott (now deceased). To 
 her first marriage seven children were born, of whom five are living. 
 James is the eldest child, and was educated at the common schools of 
 Mercer County during his youth, but since arriving at maturity, by 
 reading and observation, has become a well-informed man. After his 
 father's death he assumed the management of the farm until the 
 second marriage of his mother. In 1861 he was united in maiTiage 
 to Nancy J. Brantley, daughter of William and Mahala Brantley, and 
 a native of Morgan County, Ind. , born June 12, 1844. She was the 
 mother of three children, two now living, W. F. and Permelia (Ellen, 
 deceased), and died in Mercer County, August 22, 1866. The same 
 year Mr. Holt married a sister, Permelia, of his first wife, who is also 
 a native of Morgan County, Ind. This union has been blessed with 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 707 
 
 two children: Le Eoy and Laura J. In 1840 Mr. Holt moved upon 
 the farm he now owns, and, although he began life poor, he is now 
 the owner of 1,000 acres of well-improved and cultivated land. He has 
 just completed a handsome residence, and part of his land includes 
 the old homestead. Himself and wife are members of the Christian 
 Church (as was also his first wife), and are among the highly respected 
 citizens of the county. Mr. Holt is an active and entei^jrising citizen, 
 and a good farmer and stock raiser, the latter being his specialty, as 
 he deals extensively in stock of all kinds, with the exception of sheep. 
 He is a Mason and a Democrat. 
 
 W. F. Holt, grocer, and dealer in glassware, queensware, hard- 
 ware, etc., formed a partnership with Edward Evans October 1, 1885, 
 and remained in business with him until April 27, 1887, since which 
 time he has been the sole proprietor of the establishment. He was 
 born in Mercer County, January 18, 1864, and has always resided in 
 his native county. He lived upon a farm until the winter of 1884-85, 
 when he engaged in the mercantile business at Newtown, which is 
 situated upon the line of Putnam and Sullivan Counties. He was 
 burned out a few months later, and then the firm of Evans & Holt 
 was formed. In 1885 he was married to Fannie Jones, a native of 
 Sullivan County, by whom one daughter, Esther Cloe, was born. Mr. 
 Holt is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to the 
 Christian Church. His early ancestors were English, and his pater- 
 nal great-grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812, and died in 
 Mercer County, Mo., in 1886, aged one hundred and three years, 
 Mercer and Putnam Counties thereby losing one of their oldest settlers. 
 The paternal grandfather, Levi, was a native of Missouri, and died in 
 Mercer County. James, the father, was born in Moniteau County, 
 Mo., in 1844, and since childhood has been a resident of Mercer 
 County. His wife, and the mother of our subject, Jane (Brantley) 
 Holt, was a native of Indiana, and after her decease Mr. Holt married 
 her sister, Permelia, by whom one son and one daughter have been 
 born. W. F. Holt is one of two sons. 
 
 William Houser was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 14, 1829, 
 a,nd is a son of Philip Houser, who was born in Pennsylvania. He 
 came to Ohio at an early date, and located in Wayne County, fi'om 
 where he moved to Putnam County, 111. , and located in Snatchwine. 
 He remained at the latter place about seven years, and then came to 
 Mercer County, Mo., and settled upon a prairie farm, which is now 
 in possession of his son, and upon which he died in 1867. His wife, 
 and the mother of William, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Losure, 
 
708 MEECEE COUNTY. 
 
 died at the residence of her son in 1883. William remained with his 
 parents untU their deaths, and is now the owner of 322i acres of 
 good land, all fenced but twelve and one -half acres, and under a good 
 state of cultivation. He is one of the well-to-do farmers and sto^ 
 dealers of the county, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of his 
 neighbors and friends. He was married in Ohio to Elizabeth Eum- 
 baugh, who bore him three children, two now living: Alice M. and 
 John F. Mrs. Houser died in 1861, and he afterward married Oriza 
 Bobertson, who is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to 
 which he also belongs. He is a member of the G. A. R. and I. O. O. 
 F., and an enterprising citizen, who is always interested in educa- 
 tional enterprises. He is a Republican, and AprU 15, 1862, enlisted 
 in the Seventh Missouri Cavalry, in which he served untU the close of 
 the war. 
 
 Hon. Ira B. Hyde was born in Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y., 
 January 18, 1838, and is a son of Frederick and Emily (Lewis) Hyde, 
 natives of Connecticut. The father was a farmer, and in 1836 went 
 to the State of New York, where he died in 1854. His ancestors 
 came fi-om England to the United States in 1640. The mother died 
 in Rockport, Ohio, in 1867, and her father was an officer in the Revo- 
 lutionary War. She was the mother of the following children, all of 
 whom lived to maturity: Oscar R. ; Elizur C, late of Guilford, N. 
 Y. ; Frances E., wife of Albert Jordan, of Carroll County, Iowa; 
 Belinda, wife of Albert Dunham, of Rockport, Ohio; Frederick 
 (deceased), late of Unionville, Mo. ; Mary (deceased), and Hon. Ira B. 
 The last named son resided with his parents in New York until fifteen 
 years of age, and then lived in Cuyahoga Coimty, Ohio, until 1861, 
 during which time he received a good education at Oberlin College, 
 Ohio. Leaving Oberlin College in the fall of 1859 he began the 
 study of law at Cleveland, Ohio, in the spring of 1860. Early in the 
 year 1861 he removed to St. Paul, Minn. , and continued the study of 
 law in the office of Daniels & Grant. He was admitted to the bar of 
 the supreme court of Minnesota in July, 1861, and at once began the 
 practice of his profession. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the Union 
 army, and was mustered in as a private of Company F, First Regi- 
 ment, Minnesota Mounted Rangers. Just at that time occurred the 
 great massacre by the Sioux Indians along the Northwestern frontier, 
 and his reciment was retained for service in the Northwest. He 
 served in the campaign on the Minnesota fi'ontier, and went out under 
 Gens. Sibley and Sully the following years through Dakota and Mon- 
 tana. This Indian reprising of 1862-64 was by far the greatest 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 709 
 
 Indian war that has ever occurred in the United States, but it attracted 
 little attention at that time beyond the States immediately concerned, 
 because of the far greater struggle which was taking place in the 
 South. At the close of the war in 1865 he went to Washington, D. 
 C. , and engaged in the practice of law with his present partner, H. Gr. 
 Orton. In April, 1866, he immigrated to Missouri, locating at 
 Princeton, where he has since resided, and continued to practice his 
 profession. He has been a Eepublican since the existence of the 
 party, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and has 
 taken an active part in National and State campaigns. He has been 
 a member of many of his State and district conventions, and was a 
 delegate to the Republican National Convention, held at Chicago in 
 1884. He served as county attorney by appointment. In 1872 he 
 was elected to represent the Tenth District of Missouri in the Con- 
 gress of the United States. He was appointed by Speaker Blaine 
 a member of the committee on elections, and took an active part 
 in the proceedings of the House. His speeches in the House of Rep- 
 resentatives on "National Finances" and "Inter-State Commerce 
 and the Regulation of Railroads," in both of which he advocated 
 measures which have since been enacted into law, made him specially 
 popular among the people of his district. In 1874 he was renomi- 
 nated for re-election to Congress by acclamation, but in the Demo- 
 cratic tidal wave which followed the exposui'e of the whisky ring 
 and Credit Mobilier he with most other Republicans was defeated. 
 Missouri did not elect a single Republican representative. This 
 result was not caused by change of votes, but by apathy among 
 Republicans which caused them to stay at home. In 1886 in company 
 with H. G. Orton and others, he established the bank of Mercer 
 Count3% of which he is president. Mr. Hyde has been twice married. 
 His iirst wife was Miss Sophie Clymer, of Bucks County, Penn. , who 
 died in October, 1871, leaving one child — Edward C. By his present 
 wife, formerly Miss Carrie E. Mastick, and who was a native of Rock- 
 port, Ohio, there are two childi'en — Benjamin and Arthur. Mrs. Hyde 
 is a daughter of the late Col. Benjamin Mastick, a former prom- 
 inent citizen of Rockport, Ohio. Mr. Hyde is a member of the I. O. 
 O. P. , and of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
 
 George Whitney Hyler was born in Steuben County, N. Y. , Decem- 
 ber 10, 1818, and is a son of Hezekiah and Julia (Williams) Hyler, of 
 Welsh-English and Irish descent. The father was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was a farmer and lumber contractor, and once, while on a 
 journey to Michigan, was shipwrecked near Cunningham Island, in 
 
710 MERCEB COUNTY. 
 
 Lake Erie. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. He moved from 
 Pennsylvania to New York, then lived in Ohio a short time, after 
 which he resided in New York until his death. The mother was born 
 near Elmira, N. Y., and was of French and German descent. Her 
 mother was in Middle Fort, on the Mohawk Kiver, at the time it was 
 attacked by Burgoyne's army and the Indians. After the death of 
 Mr. Hyler his widow married David Gee. Her death occurred in 
 Pennsylvania about 1840. George W. Hyler was the eldest of a family 
 of five children, and was educated at the common schools of Steuben 
 County, N. Y. At an early age he began to learn the wool-carding and 
 cloth-weaver's trade, and after working four years at the same he went 
 into the lumber business in connection with his trade. In 18-44 he 
 went to Wisconsin, and engaged in wool-carding, but was burned out 
 in 1846, after which he embarked in the same business at Janesville, 
 Eock Co., Wis. In 1847 he went to Eoekford, 111., where he conducted 
 the same business one year. He then engaged in the same business 
 at Grand Tower one year, when he sold out and farmed in Belvidere, 
 111., one year. While there he married Julia A. Loop, daughter 
 of Henry Loop, who was born in Steuben County, N. Y. , in 1823. 
 Four of six children born to this union are living: Henry L., George 
 L. , Charles L. and Minerva Julia. Those deceased are John L. and 
 Sarah L. Soon after his marriage Mr. Hyler moved to Dyersville, 
 Iowa, and built the first house in that place in 1851. He bought land 
 there, and engaged in farming until 1873, and then exchanged his 
 farm for saw and grist raiU property at Hopkinton, which in 1883 
 he exchanged for land in Mercer County, Mo. , which he now owns. 
 To this land he has since added until he is the possessor of 410 acres, 
 and also has a nice farm of 100 acres at Hopkinton, Iowa. He is a 
 Mason, and was a Whig until the organization of the Republican 
 party, when he joined its ranks. He is a well-to-do farmer, and 
 respected citizen. 
 
 Joseph Jenkins was born in Erie County, N. Y., January 4, 1839. 
 His father, Joseph Jenkins, was born in the State of New York, 
 August 11, 1795, and died in Iowa, June 21, 1856. His mother, 
 Mary (Vannetta) Jenkins, was born in New York State in 1797, and 
 died in Illinois in 1846. Joseph lived with his parents until their 
 deaths, and then lived upon the old home place until 1862. He then 
 took his departure for California, where he arrived in October, 1862, 
 and engaged in various occupations until July 21, 1864. He then 
 enlisted in Company C, Second California Volunteer Eegimeut, and 
 served until discharged at Sacramento, May 30, 1866. He then 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 711 
 
 started for his old home in Iowa, where he arrived July 5, 18G6, and 
 remained until 1868. He was married there March 7, 1S67, to Eliz- 
 abeth M. Garland, daughter of John and Jennie Garland, and in 
 March of the following year came to Mercer County, Mo. , and settled 
 upon a farm three and a half miles from Eavanna, to which place he 
 moved three years later. He engaged in carpentering at Kavanna until 
 1881, and then embarked in the furniture business, which he has since 
 successfully conducted. Mrs. Jenkins died on February 16, 1877, 
 leaving one child, Mary Jane, wife of Lewis N. Smith. Mr. Jenkins 
 was afterward married August 14, 1878, to Frances E. Lowry, daugh- 
 ter of Albert and Mary (Bruce) Lowry. This union was blessed with 
 three children, of whom two are living: Allie Bruce and Joseph Henry. 
 Mr. Jenkins is an active Democrat, and although he has never aspired 
 to political ofiBce, has been the postmaster of Ravanna two years, and, 
 under the township organization, was township clerk. He is an hon- 
 orable member of the Masonic order, and also of the I. O. O. F. , and 
 himself and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. They 
 are public-spirited citizens, and enjoy the respect of a large circle of 
 friends and acquaintances. 
 
 Casper Kauffman, farmer and stock raiser of Morgan Township, 
 is a native of Bavaria, Germany, and was born in 1827. His parents, 
 Michael and Margaret Kauffman, were natives also of Germany. The 
 father was twice married; his first wife died in Germany, and he was 
 there married the second time. He was a wagon-maker by trade, 
 and in 1835 emigrated to the United States, and immediately settled 
 near Springfield, Stark Co. , Ohio, where he engaged in farming until 
 his death in 1865. He was the father of eight children, and when he 
 came to America was accompanied by the subject of this sketch, Cas- 
 per Kauffman, who remained with his father until twenty-five years of 
 age. In 1856 he came to Mercer County, Mo., and bought forty 
 acres of land in Morgan Township. The following year he returned 
 to Stark County, Ohio, and married Miss Eliza Kobbe, a native of 
 Clark County, Ohio, and born in 1836. This union has been blessed 
 with nine children: Caroline (wife of Preston B. Cox), Henry, Alice 
 (wife of Benjamin Evile), Ulysses G., Rosa, Thomas, Edward, William 
 and John. Immediately after his marriage Mr. Kauffman returned 
 to Mercer County, and , settled upon the tract he had previously pur- 
 chased, and where he has since resided. Although he began life a 
 ! poor man, he is now the owner of fifty acres in his home place, which 
 is well improved and cultivated. His buildings are good and sub- 
 stantial, and he is one of the successful farmers of the township. He 
 
712 MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 is a supporter of educational enterprises, and anxious that his chil- 
 dren should receive the educational advantages of the day. In politics 
 he is a Democrat. His vrife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, in which his son, Henry, is a minister. The latter is also a 
 graduate of Howard College, Missouri. 
 
 Capt. J. A. Kennedy is of Scotch descent, born in Hardy County, 
 Va., June 9, 1828, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Arnold) Ken- 
 nedy, natives of Ireland and Hardy County, Va. , resj)ectively. The 
 father came from Ireland to Virginia when a young man, where he 
 engaged in farming. When the subject of this sketch was about six 
 years old his parents moved to Franklin County, Ohio, at which time 
 they were very poor, owning but a horse and wagon when they started 
 to seek a home in the west. After stopping in Franklin County two 
 years they continued the journey, and finally located in La Porte County, 
 Ind. , in the fall of 1836, which was then in a wild and unsettled con- 
 dition, and inhabited by Indians and wild animals. Some time was 
 spent in clearing a home, and at the expiration of two years the father 
 died (January, 1838), leaving his widow and seven children in destitute 
 circumstances. The mother afterward married Myron Phelps, who 
 died in Indiana in 1857. Mrs. Phelps died in Iowa County, Iowa, 
 about 1859. Joseph A. Kennedy was the third child of a family of 
 seven, four of whom are now living. He received a limited education 
 at the common schools of Indiana, but his information has been chiefly 
 gained by hard study and reading when alone. He early imbibed a 
 taste for knowledge, and boirrowed all books available which he read 
 with avidity dviring his spare moments. In 1840 he worked during 
 the summer for $4 per month, and by hard work and economy accu- 
 mulated enough money to purchase the needed books and furnish 
 him means to attend school. At the age of twenty he began to teach, 
 and from that time until 1852 taught and attended school alternately. 
 October 19, 1852, he married Kebecca Morrell, daughter of Jacob and 
 Mary (Bowman) Morrell, born in Dearborn County, Ind., February 
 14, 1828. She was a teacher in St. Joseph County, Ind. , and bore 
 Mr. Kennedy five children, of whom three are living: Mary E. (wife 
 of Seely Mapel), William E. (railroader) and Elma J. (wife of E. W. 
 Jewell, furniture dealer and farmer of Moimt Hope, Kas.). Those 
 deceased are Martha J. and Eliza. Six years after his marriage Mr. 
 Kennedy moved with his wife and family of two children to Mercer 
 County, Mo., and located near Eavanna, where he resumed teaching 
 during school months until 1872, with the exception of the time spent 
 in the Legislature and while in service. The summer months were 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 713 
 
 spent in improving his land. In 1870 he engaged in the nursery busi- 
 ness with S. M. Wayman. who afterward moved to Georgia, and with 
 whom he was quite successful in business. Since 1882 Mr. Kennedy 
 has been engaged in the nursery business only upon a light scale, his 
 principal occupation being farming. Mr. Kennedy, until ten years ago, 
 was a Republican, since which time he has been independent in poli- 
 tics, voting principally with the Greenback and Prohibition parties, 
 but always for pure principles, and good and competent men, in prefer- 
 ence to party. At the age of sixteen he espoused the temperance 
 cause, for the advancement of which he has ever contended and 
 labored, opposing the whisky traffic in any and all forms, imable to see 
 any half-way grounds or compromise with evil. He was always 
 opposed to slavery from principle — cannot sanction it in any form, 
 whether of body or mind, church or State. In 1860 he was elected 
 justice of the peace. His ambition was to become school commissioner, 
 but his desire was never gratified, and his life for the most part has 
 been spent in the school-room and upon the farm. At the commence- 
 ment of the war he enlisted, and was elected second lieutenant of Com- 
 pany C, of the Seventh Regiment six months' militia. In 1862 he 
 was commissioned captain of Company I, of the Forty-fourth Regi- 
 ment Em-olled Missouri Militia, until'the close of the war, never com- 
 ing into any active engagements. With him military service was only 
 a necessity and not a choice, for like the poet Burns 
 
 He murder hates, by field or flood, 
 Though glory's name may screen us. 
 
 In 1862 he was elected to represent Mercer County in the Legislature, 
 and served during the winters of 1862-63 and 1868-61. He was after- 
 ward a candidate for nomination to the same office, but was defeated, 
 and has since filled but minor offices. He has been an active member 
 of the Baptist Chui-ch since the age of twenty, and the greater 
 part of the past thirty years has officiated as Sunday-school super- 
 intendent. For several years he has been occupying much of his 
 time in the work of the ministry of the Church of God, laboring 
 freely for the glory of God, and the advancement of this cause in 
 the community, and has for a number of years been the clerk and is 
 the present moderator of the North Grand River Association of Bap- 
 tist Chui'ches. He is a man of positive character, true to his convic- 
 tions, and a hearty supporter and promoter of the educational and 
 religious welfare of his county. Much of his success he attributes to 
 his good and faithful wife, who has ever proved a true helpmate. He 
 has no higher aspirations for the future than to have a pleasant home, 
 
 45 
 
714 MERCEK COUNTY. 
 
 blessed with books and friends, surrounded by fruits and flowers, and 
 all that tends to make life lovely and pleasant; and to be a useful 
 member of society, striving to promote the best interests of mankind, 
 and to build up the cause of education, temperance and religion until 
 the final call from labor to reward. 'Mi: Kennedy is secretary of a 
 tomological and horticultural society whose history is as follows: 
 A preliminary meeting to arrange for the organization of a tomologi- 
 cal and horticultural society was held at the residence of W. V. 
 King, one and one-half miles north of Princeton, October 6, 1887. 
 Fifteen names were obtained, committee appointed to prepare rules 
 and regulations, and on the fii-st day of November, 1887, the members 
 met in Princeton, adopted a constitution, regulations, etc. , and com- 
 pleted the organization by selecting the following officers: E. J. Lewis, 
 president; J. L. Wood, vice-president; W. V. King, treasurer; J. 
 A. Kennedy, secretary. 
 
 Lester King was bom in Seneca County, Ohio, in 1842, and is a 
 son of Peter T. and Nancy (Rickett) King. The father was of German 
 descent, and born in Butler County, Penn., in 1799. He was a farmer 
 by occupation, and in 1828 immigrated to Seneca County, Ohio, and 
 in 1853 to Mercer County, Mo. , where he located in Morgan Township 
 upon 140 acres of land. His death occurred in 1880. He was married 
 three times and was the father of eight children, two by his first wife 
 and six by his second. The latter was the mother of oiir subject, and 
 was born in Fau-field County, Ohio, in 1803. She died in 1867. 
 Lester was the youngest chUd, being eleven years of age when he accom- 
 panied his parents to Mercer County. He received a district school 
 education when young, and lived with his parents until eighteen 
 years of age. He was a strong Union man, and in August, 1861, 
 enlisted in Company D, Second Missouri Cavalry, known as Merrill' s 
 Horse. His principal duty consisted of raiding and skirmishing, but 
 he participated in the battles of Little Rock, Ark. , and Bia Metra, and 
 was in both raids made by Sterling Price in Missouri. After serving 
 four years and two months he was discharged in September, 1865, 
 at Nashville, Tenn. December 10, 1865, he married Miss Sarah 
 Curtis, daughter of Laban and Sarah Curtis. Mrs. King was born 
 November 14, 1849, in Mercer County, Mo. , and is the mother of six 
 children: Claude, Andrew J., Effie, Maggie, Laban and Joseph. Mr. 
 King located where he now resides the year of his marriage, and is the 
 owner of 172 acres of good land, and is considered a successful and 
 enterprising farmer. He is a Republican, and cast his first presiden- 
 tial vote for A. Lincoln in 1864. He is a member of the G. A. R. , and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 715 
 
 a charter member of Capt. Stanley Post. His wife has been a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church sixteen years. 
 
 Greenberry B. King, a leading farmer of Mercer County, was born 
 in Illinois, in 1849, and is a son of Greenberry King, a native of Vir- 
 ginia, who moved first to Ohio from his native State and afterward to 
 Illinois. From there he came to Missouri, and settled upon a farm in 
 Medicine Township. He died in Mercer County, in 1883; his wife, 
 (the mother of our subject), died in 1869. Greenberry King, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, remained at home until nearly twenty-one years of 
 age, at which time his father was married the third time. Greenberry 
 then began life for himself, and by industry and economy is now the 
 owner of the old home place which contains 160 acres well improved 
 and under a good state of cultivation. He was united in marriage in 
 1870 to Miss Minera J. Sanders, daughter of J. W. Sanders, and to 
 this union seven children have been born, viz. : Henry S. , Pernine F. , 
 Hester M., Lucinda, Oliver, John E. and Ritta A. Mr. King is a 
 •public spirited citizen, takes great interest in the general welfare of 
 his country, and is a stanch supporter of the Rebubliean party, 
 although he has never sought or held political office. Himself and 
 family rank among the respected citizens of the community in which 
 they live, and have a large circle of fi-iends. 
 
 G. P. Larimore, postmaster and merchant of Mill Grove, was 
 born March 16, 18-1:5, in Shelby County, Ohio, and is the second of a 
 family of six children (four deceased) of Jeremiah C. and Ann (Mal- 
 com) Larimore, natives of Hampshire County, Va. , where they lived 
 until about 1844. They then located upon a farm in Shelby County, 
 Ohio, where they lived until G. P. was six years of age. They then 
 moved to Licking County, Ohio, and in the fall of 1855, went to Fre- 
 mont County, Iowa. Three years later the father purchased eighty 
 acres of land from the Government, which he sold in 1867, and the 
 family then moved to Clinton County, Mo. In the summer of 1872 
 they made their final move to Mercer County, Mo. , locating at Mill 
 Grove, where the father engaged in mercantile pursuits for a short 
 time. From 1875 until his death in 1877 he served as station agent 
 of that place. Mrs. Larimore also died in 1877. G. P. Larimore 
 received a common-school education in Fremont County, Iowa, and 
 made his home with his parents until twenty-five years old, during 
 which period he employed his time upon his father's farm. He was 
 then married to Sarah, daughter of George Elliott, and a native of 
 Darke County, Ohio, where she was born in 1850. She was the 
 mother of four children (all deceased), and her death occurred in 
 
716 MEECEH COUNTY. 
 
 April, 1879, in Mill Grove. After his marriage Mr. Larimore spent 
 a year in Clinton County, Mo., and then was employed at Mill Grove 
 in the general mercantile store of Henry Baker. He remained with 
 him but a short time, and in 1879 established himself in the grocery 
 business at Mill Grove. F. A. Bonner afterward became his partner, 
 but sold his interest after a short time, and then the firm was known 
 as Larimore & Butcher. A few months later Mr. Larimore bought 
 his partner's interest, became the sole proprietor of the business, 
 and is considered one of the prosperous merchants of the town. Pre- 
 vious to starting in mercantile life Mr. Larimore was made postmas- 
 ter of Mill Grove, which oflSce he still retains. July 11, 1880, he was 
 married in Linn County, Mo., to Virginia, daughter of Duncan E. 
 and Fanny (Wilkinson) Stanley. Mrs. Larimore was bom in Mercer 
 County, March 10, 1860, but was principally reared in Linn County. 
 She is the mother of two children: Clarence and Lena, and is a worthy 
 member of the Baptist Church. In politics Mr. Larimore is a Demo- 
 crat, and his first presidential vote was cast for Seymour in 1868. 
 
 Samuel A. Larimore, merchant of Mill Grove, was born in Ohio, in 
 1850, and is a son of J. C. Larimore, a native of Virginia. Samuel A. 
 went to Iowa in 1855, and during his youth received a common-school 
 education, although he grew up in the wilderness with Indians for asso- 
 ciates. He came to Missouri from Iowa, in company with his parents in 
 the year 1867, and settled iipon a farm in Clinton County, where he 
 farmed until 1870. He then went into the drug business at Platts- 
 burg. Mo., in which he successfully engaged about three years, after 
 which he sold out, and clerked for his father in a general store at Mill 
 Grove. He married Maggie J. , daughter of Samuel Blocker, of Clin- 
 ton County, Mo., by whom two sons and three daughters were born: 
 Jerry, Mattie, Annie, Bessie and Forest. Jerry and Mattie died in 
 . early childhood. Mr. Larimore established his present di-ug and gro- 
 cery business at Mill Grove in 1879, and now carries a stock valued 
 at about S2,000, and does a good business. Himself and wife belong 
 to the Baptist Chiirch, and he is a stanch Democrat. 
 
 Thomas W. Lemmax is a native of Pittsburgh, Penn., and was 
 born May 22, 1826. His father, James Lemmax, was born in York, 
 Ireland, in 1784, and when a young man came to the United States, 
 locating in Pittsbiu-gh, where he worked in a brewery. He was mar- 
 ried in 1807, and a few years later bought a farm in Noble County, 
 Ohio, where he located and passed the remainder of his life with the 
 exception of five years spent in Pittsburgh. He was quite successful 
 in his business transactions, and became the owner of 640 acres of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 717 
 
 land; his death occurred in 1858. His wife, Elizabeth (Franklin) 
 Lemmax, was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1793, and immi- 
 grated to America about the time Mr. Lemmax came. Thomas W. is 
 the fifth of a family of five sons and four daughters, and was taken 
 by his father to Noble County, Ohio, when four years old. He 
 received a common-school education in Summerfield, and made his 
 home with his parents until twenty-three, giving the proceeds of bis 
 labor to them in the meantime. March 8, 1849, he maiTied Miss 
 Dorinda Osborne, daughter of Samuel and Martha (Horton) Osborne. 
 Mi-s. Lemmax was born in Noble County, Ohio, July 30, 1831. Her 
 parents are natives of Ireland, were born in 1799 and 1805, respec- 
 tively, and are now living in Noble County, Ohio. Her grandparents, 
 Moses and Dorinda (Barker) Horton, were converts of John Wesley, 
 and resided in Dublin, the church meetings being held in their house. 
 The grandfather was a soldier in the Irish Rabellion. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Lemmax have foui' childi-en: Ann Olivia (wife of William J. 
 Clamands), Charles K. , William H. and Mary J. In the fall of 1866 
 Ml'. Lemmax came to Mercer County, and purchased 263 acres in 
 Section 23, Township 65, Range 25, of Harrison Township, upon 
 which he located in 1868 with his family. He is a successful farmer, 
 with a well improved place, and besides his farm owns three town lots 
 in Princeton. He is conservative in politics, and cast his first presi- 
 dential vote for Fillmore in 1852. In the spring of 1852 he went by 
 water via New Orleans to California, the journey occupying six months 
 and seven days, and after working there in the mines, returned home 
 via New York. Mrs. Lemmax has been a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church for over thirty-nine years. 
 
 John C. W. Lindsey (deceased), a former prominent citizen and 
 merchant of Princeton, was born in Putnam County, Tenn. , Septem- 
 ber 18, 1822, and was a son of Robert and Margaret (Allison) Lindsey, 
 natives of North Carolina. Robert Lindsey and two sons, William New- 
 ton and Joseph A., immigrated to Missouri in 1839, and took up claims 
 in what is now Mercer County. Robert returned to Tennessee a year 
 or two later and there died. William Newton and Joseph A. lived in 
 Mercer County until their deaths. Foiu' sons and one daughter of 
 Newton reside in Mercer County and have families, but the descendants 
 of Joseph live in Tennessee. A. M. Lindsey (another son) came to 
 Mercer County about 1847; he reared quite a large family, many of 
 whom still reside in this country; he died in 1873. John C. W. 
 Lindsey came to Mercer County, Mo., in 1849, and in 1850 was em- 
 ployed as a clerk in the mercantile business. After being thus en- 
 
718 MERCEK COUNTY. 
 
 gaged about six years he started in business for himself, and devoted 
 the remainder of his life to mercantile pursuits, meeting with good and 
 deserved success. For over thirty years he was regarded as one of 
 Princeton' s most reliable business men and respected citizens, and his 
 death was mourned by a large circle of social and business friends. His 
 death occured November 7, 1886. His first wife, Elizabeth Jan® 
 (Khea) Lindsey, was born in Tennessee, February 24, 1824, and died 
 in Princeton, March 3, 1859, leaving the following children: Martha 
 A., wife of W. B. Ballew, of Princeton; Eobert C. H., Mary M., 
 wife of T. E. Evans, of Princeton; Maggie D., wife of Kev. T. A. 
 Canady, of Kirksville, Mo. , and William P. His second wife, Eliza- 
 beth (Scott) Lindsey, and three sons are still living: John A. N., 
 Charles F. K. and Emmett A. M. John C. W. Lindsey was an un- 
 swerving Democrat in politics, and, although he never sought political 
 honors, served as county judge one term by appointment. He was a 
 public-spirited citizen, and assisted largely in the up-building of 
 Princeton. His son, Robert C. H., was born May 29, 1845, in "White 
 County, Tenn. , and reared in Mercer County, Mo. He received a 
 practical business education in his father's store, and in 1878, in part- 
 nership with his brother, William P., engaged in the hardware busi- 
 ness. In 1882 they siicceeded their father (who then retu-ed) in busi- 
 ness, and the firm now occupies a large two-story brick building, 
 erected by their father in 1876 on the northwest corner of the public 
 square. They carry a complete and well assorted stock of general 
 merchandise, and enjoy a large patronage. Robert G. H. was first 
 married to Sallie E. Rhea, whom he lost by death, and in August, 
 1884, he married his present wife, who was then Miss Maggie J. 
 Wright. To them two children have been born: Edith and John H. 
 W. Mr. Lindsey is a Democrat, and a member of the I. O. O. F. 
 and A. O. U. W. William P. Lindsey was born February 5, 1854, in 
 Princeton, Mo. , and was also educated by his father in business life. 
 September 22, 1872 he married Susan A. Clements, who was also born 
 in Princeton, and who is the mother of four living children : Lula A., 
 William Edward, Freddie Rhea and John C. W. Mr. Lindsey is a 
 Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the A. O. U. W. 
 
 Andrew J. Loe was born in Ray County, Mo., November 10, 1837, 
 and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth Loe. The father is an honored 
 citizen of Mercer County, and was born in Campbell County, Tenn., 
 July 22, 1811. He is the ninth of fourteen children born to Fielden 
 and Mary Loe, and lived with his parents upon their farm until his 
 marriage. His educational advantages were very poor, but in all his 
 
 I 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 719 
 
 trials and exertions he always found a ready friend and helper in his 
 mother. In 1833 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Reuben Hatfield, 
 and a year later went to Kay County, Mo. , where he lived one year. 
 In 1837 he moved within the boundry of Mercer County, before the 
 county organization, and entered eighty acres of land which he pro- 
 ceeded to improve, and to which he has since added. His wife is an active 
 woman of seventy- three years, and has borne him fifteen children, ten 
 of whom are living. He is a Democrat, and cast his first presidential 
 vote for Jackson. During the war he was a Union sympathizer, 
 although he did not serve in the regular army. Mrs. Loe is a worthy 
 member of the Baptist Church. Andrew J. is the third child born to 
 his parents, and passed his youth upon his father's farm. Like him 
 his educational advantages were limited, but being of an industrious 
 and studious nature he has acquired knowledge sufficient to enable 
 him to manage his business successfully. At the age of twenty-three 
 he was united in marriage with Armilda S. , daughter of John Owen, 
 by whom six sons and five daughters have been born, all of whom 
 are living: Sarah A. (wife of E. R. Thomas), John E., Eliza J., 
 Samuel E., Robert F., Amanda M., Clifton A., Charles O., Carrie F., 
 Joseph R. and Dollie. Dui'ing the war Mr. Loe enlisted in company 
 F, Third Missouri State Militia, April 2, 1862. He served about one 
 year in this regiment, and the remainder of the time was in active 
 service in Company I, of the Seventh Missoui-i State Militia. After 
 peace was declared, he returned home, and has since devoted his atten- 
 tion to farming and stock raising. His farm contains 240 acres of 
 land well fenced, and consisting mostly of timber land. His home, which 
 was not insured, was destroyed by fire, March 17, 1885, his loss being 
 about $1,500. Until his present comfortable residence was built 
 Mr. Loo was obliged to live in a small box house. Mrs. Loe is a 
 worthy and active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the 
 family rank among the well-to-do citizens of the county. 
 
 M. A. Louderback was born June 20, 1828, in Wan-en County, 
 Ind. , and is the fourth of thirteen children (five dead) born to Daniel 
 and Aley (Powel) Louderback, natives of Virginia and South Carolina, 
 respectively. When young they accompanied their parents to Indi- 
 ana, where they married and lived in Warren County until the fall of 
 1828, when they immigrated to Schuyler County, 111. In February, 
 1832, they moved to Adams County, 111. , where they entered land and 
 improved a farm, upon which they lived until 1850. They then moved 
 to and settled in Salt River Township, Knox County, Mo., upon the 
 present site of Goodland. There the father engaged in mercantile 
 
720 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 business in connection with his farming, until his death in January, 
 1865, at the age of sixty- four. The mother was born in 1802, and is 
 now a resident of Goodland. M. A. received a limited common- 
 school education during his younger days, and remained at home with 
 his parents until twenty-three years of age. He then began to till 
 the soil in Schuyler County, 111., where he resided until 1855. He 
 then moved to Mercer County, Mo., where he bought 120 acres of land, 
 where he is now living. He has since added to his original purchase, 
 and now owns one of the finest farms in the county, consisting of -400 
 acres — 140 acres in timber land, but the balance well cultivated and 
 improved. As this property is the result of his own unassisted toil, 
 he is regarded as one of the most successful and enterprising farmers 
 of the county. His land is very productive, and this past year, upon 
 three and one-half acres, he raised 130 bushels of wheat, machine 
 measure. He is a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for 
 the Democratic candidate in 1852. He has for some years been a 
 member of the I. O. O. F. He is an old settler of the county, 
 having come here at an early day, and, although at that time 
 contemplating but a temporary residence here, yielding to the ui'gent 
 entreaties of his wife he remained, and has consequently become 
 identified with the growth of the county. 
 
 Charles A. Loveland was born in Ashland County, Ohio, Septem- 
 ber 11, 1842. His father, R. P. Loveland, is also a native of Ohio, 
 and was born in 1818. He lived in Ashland County until about 1848, 
 when he went to Wisconsin, and settled in Dodge County upon a 
 farm, where he resided until 1857. He then sought a home in Mer- 
 cer County, Mo., and settled in Washington Township, living there 
 until 1877. He then removed to Illinois, and located upon a farm in 
 Winnebago County, where he is now engaged in general farming and 
 stock raising. Hannah (Austin) Loveland, his wife, and the mother of 
 Charles A. Loveland, was born in Vermont, man-ied in Ohio, and is 
 now living with her husband in Illinois. Charles A. remained at 
 home until twenty-two years of age, when he married and engaged in 
 farming on his own account upon his present farm. He is now in 
 possession of 351 acres of good land, all improved and under a fine 
 state of cultivation, and upon which he is engaged in farming and 
 stock raising. June 8, 1864, Miss Sarah J. Kieth, daughter of Will- 
 iam and Nancy Kieth, became his wife. To this marriage the fol- 
 lowing four children were born : William P. , Louis F. , Mary A. and 
 Bertha S. Mr. Loveland has always been a stanch supporter of the 
 Republican party, but has never sought office of any kind. During 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 721 
 
 the war he served in the Missouri State Militia. He is a member of 
 the Masonic order at Princeton. He is greatly interested in the edu- 
 cational progress of the county, and is a liberal donator to laudable 
 public enterprises. His wife is a worthy and active member of the 
 United Brethren Church, and his family is highly respected by the 
 community. 
 
 M. W. Lowry, a merchant of Ravanna, was born in Richland 
 County, 111., July 22, 1853. His father. Judge S. S. Lowry, who 
 is now presiding judge of Mercer County, which office he has filled 
 with efficiency a number of years, was born February 19, 1823, in 
 Spencer County, Ind. He engaged in farming in Richland County, 
 111., previous to his removal to Mercer County, Mo., in 185-t, at 
 which time he located in Somerset Township where he has since 
 resided. While in Richland County, 111., he was united in marriage 
 to Sarah A. Combs, by whom he had five sons and one daughter, of 
 whom M. W. Lowry is one. He left home in 1875, after receiving a 
 good common-school education, and came to Ravanna, Mo. There 
 he was employed as a clerk in a dry goods store, and also a drug 
 store until about 1882, when he engaged in partnership with D. W. 
 Lowry in the dry goods business. He has since been successfully 
 engaged in the above named business, the company carrying a large 
 stock of all kinds of goods in their line suitable for a country town. 
 They are careful and anxious to please their customers, and particular 
 in regard to the prices and qualities of theii' goods. December 1, 
 1886, he was married to Mary E. Creel, the daughter of William C. 
 Creel, a prominent farmer of Lee County, Iowa. Mi"s. Lowry is an 
 active member of the Presbyterian Church, and a worthy and estima- 
 ble lady. Mr. Lowry is a Republican, but has never sought or 
 held office. He has held most of the elective offices in the I. O. O F. , 
 and is interested in worthy educational and philanthropic enterprises. 
 
 Robert A. McCartney was born in Washington County, Penn., 
 February 4, 1835, and is a son of Robert and Barbara (Allen) 
 McCartney, both natives of Scotland, where they were married. They 
 came to the United States in 1833, and first located in Pennslyvania 
 afterward going to Iowa in 1853, where they lived (in Decatur County) 
 until 1858. The father then returned to Pennsylvania, where he now 
 resides, having lost his wife while in Iowa. To their union three 
 sons and three daughters were born: John A., Janet (wife of J. H. 
 Hamilton), Robert A., Thomas H. (deceased), Grace (deceased wife 
 of Turner Swain), and Elizabeth (deceased). Robert A. was reared 
 in his native State and county, and there learned the carder and 
 
722 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 spinner's trade, at which he worked until 1853 in Pennsylvania. He 
 then followed his parents to Iowa, and farmed and •worked at his 
 trade until coming to Missouri in 1871. Here he worked at a woolen 
 mill in Bethany until 1878, and then came to Princeton and managed 
 the carding and spinning machine of J. P. Anderson until 1884. At 
 that time the woolen mills were built, and Mr. McCartney has since 
 operated them successfully, and become a business partner of Mr. 
 Anderson. While in Iowa he married Catherine Mills, a native of 
 New York, who died in 1878, leaving three children: Frank L., Her- 
 bert C. and Roy Clifford. Mr. McCartney is a Eepublican, and one 
 of the well-to-do and respected citizens of Princeton. 
 
 Justin T. McCarty, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Illinois, 
 August 7, 1846. His father, Cornelius McCarty, was born in North 
 Carolina in 1792. He immigrated to Ohio, where he lived until 1830, 
 when he went to Illinois, and settled on a farm in Menard County. 
 He resided there a few years, and then removed to Mason County, 
 where he died in 1873. His wife, Jennie (Bell) McCarty, was born 
 in 1802 in North Carolina, and died in Mason County, 111., in 1864. 
 Justin T. remained at home until after the death of his mother, when 
 he lived alone with a brother until he married, after which he still 
 remained at home about three years. He then lived at different 
 places iintil 1876, then came to Mercer County, Mo., and located 
 upon his present farm in Somerset Township. He now owns 680 acres 
 of good land, and buys and sells stock extensively. He was mar- 
 ried in 1865 to Miss Lillie, daughter of Robert Rogei's,who was born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1816, and was an early settler of Ohio County, Ind. , 
 where he married Jane Blue, a native of Ohio. IVIrs. Rogers died 
 in Ohio County, Ind., but the circumstances surrounding the death 
 of her husband remain shrouded in mystery. To the union of our 
 subject and his wife nine children have been born, eight now living: 
 Minnie (wife of W. H. Cochell), Robert, Rose, Charles, John, Annie 
 May, Cora and Mary C. Miss Rose is seventeen years of age, well 
 advanced in music, of which she is a teacher, and is endowed with 
 natural artistic talents. Mr. McCarty is a Republican, but has never 
 sought political honors, and is a well respected man in his county. 
 
 William H. McKinley was born in Logan County, 111., April 1, 
 1842. His father, William R., was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, 
 January 9, 1804, and resided in his native State until 1840, and then 
 went to Logan County, 111. , where he remained until 1855. He then 
 came to Mercer County, Mo. , and located upon a farm which now 
 forms the present site of Ravanna. He laid out the original plat of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 723 
 
 Ravanna, and resided in that vicinity until his death, which occurred 
 on December 5, 1876. His wife, and the mother ot William H. , was 
 born in Pennsylvania in 1802, and accompanied her sister to Ohio, 
 where she was married in 1826. Her death occurred in Ravanna 
 January 19, 1874. William H. made his home with his parents until 
 his marriage. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the Second Missouri, 
 Merrill' s Horse, Cavalry Division, Seventh Army Corps, participating 
 in Steele's Little Rock and later Camden campaign, after which he 
 was commissioned first lieutenant of Company F, Foui'th Arkansas 
 Cavalry Volunteer, in which he served until the close of the war. 
 Then he returned home, and April 1, 1867, married Emma Drake, 
 daughter of James T. and Catherine (Sneath) Drake. This union has 
 been blessed with the following children: Orin S. , William J., Char- 
 ley, Robert D. , Ralph (deceased), Emma, Wade K., Grace. Imme- 
 diately after his marriage Mr. McKinley moved to and began to 
 improve the farm upon which he now resides. He owns 480 acres of 
 good land, all well improved and cultivated, making one of the best 
 farms in the vicinity. His occupation is that of farming and stock rais- 
 ing. His first presidential vote was cast for Lincoln, and he has since 
 been a hearty supporter of the Republican party, which he served as 
 deputy circuit clerk under W. L. Jerome. He is an F. & A. M. , 
 and a member of the G. A. R. , of which he was once the secretary. 
 He and his wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 James H. Malone is a son of Anderson B. and Melissa (Davis) 
 Malone, and was born in Grimdy County, Mo., January 1, 1841. His 
 father was of Irish descent, and born in Knox County, Tenn., in 1816. 
 He was a farmer by occupation, antl in 1837 left his native State and 
 immigrated to Grundy County, Mo. In 1842 he came to Mercer 
 County, Mo. , and settled upon the farm now owned by Samuel Clark, 
 and has made his home in Lindley Township for the past twenty-one 
 years. During the Rebellion he served three years, but was neither 
 captured nor wounded. He is the owner at present of 120 acres of 
 good land, and is a successful farmer. His wife was born in East 
 Tennessee in 1818, and died in 1879. James H. is the second of a 
 family of twelve children, and accompanied his parents to Mercer 
 County, where he received a common-school education, and lived with 
 his parents untU he was twenty years of age. In August, 1861, he 
 enlisted in Company B, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, and served until dis- 
 charged at Leavenworth, Kas. , in September, 1864. Among other 
 engagements he was present in the fights at Dry Wood, Helena, 
 Little Rock and Pine Bluff. He was captured, with ten others, near 
 
724 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 Ellwood, Kas. , and kept a prisoner five days, when he and one other 
 made their escape, although the eleven prisoners were guarded by 
 twelve men. He then traveled 100 miles in four days and nights to 
 rejoin his company. February 18, 1865, he married Miss Ellen Maria 
 Smith, daughter of George and Matilda Ann Smith. Mi-s. Malone 
 was born in North Carolina, February 20, 1840, and came to Mercer 
 County in 1856. This union has been blessed with the following 
 children: James A. (deceased), Alice Matilda, Charles W., Cora, Ada, 
 Kane and Lucy. After his marriage Mr. Malone bought 130 acres of 
 land, upon which he still resides, and, although he began life poor, 
 he now owns 795 acres of land, well improved, with substantial build- 
 ings, fences, etc. He is a Republican, and cast his first presidential 
 vote for Lincoln in 1864. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member 
 of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. Himself and wife belong to the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is steward and trustee. 
 
 Henry C. Miller, clerk of Mercer County Circuit Court, and ex 
 officio recorder of deeds, was born in the county, December 21, 1858, 
 and is a son of Harrison Miller of this county [see sketch]. He was 
 reared to manhood and educated in his native county, and early in life 
 was employed as a clerk in a mercantile establishment. He afterward 
 taught school about two years, and in 1882 came to Princeton, and 
 accepted the position of deputy circuit clerk, under J. A. Thomp- 
 son. In November, 1886, he was elected to the office which he has 
 since filled in a satisfactory and able manner. He is a stanch Repub- 
 lican, and as such holds his present position. December 29, 1886, 
 he was united in marriage with Clara I. May, daughter of the late 
 Dr. A. H. May, of Princeton. Mr. Miller is a member of the A. O. 
 U. W. , and himself and wife are regarded aa among the highly 
 respected and enterprising citizens of the county. 
 
 C. E. Minter was born April 14, 1844, in Madison County, Ohio, 
 and is the fouiih of eight children, seven of whom are living, born to 
 William and Mary (Ewing) Minter. C. E. was brought to Mercer 
 Coiinty, Mo. , in 1845, when but eighteen months old, and lived with his 
 parents upon his father's fann in Washington Township until seven- 
 teen years old. He then enlisted in Company B, Fifth Kansas Cav- 
 alry, at Leavenworth, Kas., and remained in service until April 18, 
 1865, at which time he was honorably discharged at Leavenworth, 
 Kas. He was in many skirmishes and April 25, 1864, while at 
 Marks Mills, Ark., was captured by the Confederates with 1,050 men, 
 and was imprisoned at Camp Ford, Tex. After his release he 
 returned home, and for three months drove a stage from Princeton to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 725 
 
 Chillicotbe. He then farmed for a while, and in the winter of 
 1805-66 attended school at Edinburg, Grundy Co. , Mo. At the end 
 of his term he began to teach school in Washington Township, Mercer 
 County, continuing engaged at that vocation four terms besides being 
 interested in a saw mill on Muddy Creek, and devoting some time to 
 farming. May 16, 1869, he married Matella, daughter of James T. 
 and Catherine (Sneath) Drake, and a native of Ohio, born July 26, 
 1852. This union has been blessed with four children, three of whom 
 are living: James William, Frank V. and Mary C. After his mar- 
 riage Mr. Minter located upon the farm now owned by his brother, 
 J. C, and soon after built the house in which his brother now lives. 
 A year later he traded his property for the farm upon which he now 
 resides, which contains 465 acres in the home place, well improved and 
 cultivated. He is one of the wealthy and prosperous citizens of the 
 county, and owns in all about 800 acres of good land. He is a 
 Republican in politics and as such was elected sheriff of his county, 
 which office he filled in an efficient and satisfactory manner. His first 
 presidential vote was cast for U. S. Grant, in 1868. He belongs to 
 the Mercer County Lodge, No. 35, A. F. & A. M., and himself and 
 wife are active and worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, to the support of which they contribute largely. 
 
 Silas Mobley was born May 2, 1837, in Belmont County, Ohio. 
 His parents were natives, respectively, of Maryland and Pennsylvania, 
 but were married in Ohio, where they reared a family of three daugh- 
 ters, and one son. When fourteen years of age Silas accompanied his 
 parents to Wood County, Va. , where his father shortly after died. 
 The mother then returned to Ohio, where she died the following year. 
 Two of the daughters were then married, one having died March 2, 
 1848, and Silas, who was the youngest child, was practically left alone 
 on the world. June 14, 1855, he married Rebecca, daughter of 
 Ebenezer Buchanan, by whom two daughters and three sons were 
 born: Sarah, born October 2, 1856; William, born July 6, 1859, and 
 James, born May 31, 1862. In 1865 Mi'. Mobley immigrated to Mercer 
 County, Mo., where he has since resided, and now owns 156 acres of 
 good land. Since his residence in this State two more children have 
 been born: Margaret, born June 18, 1866, and John, born August 21, 
 1869. All his children are at present residents of Missouri. Decem- 
 ber 18, 1878, Mrs. Mobley died leaving an infant, Ida Rebecca, just 
 born. May 1, 1879, Mr. Mobley married Urah M. , daughter of M. B. 
 Finch, by whom one daughter. Amy, was born, November 30, 1882, 
 who died June 20, 1885. Mr. Mobley is a stanch Democrat, and 
 
726 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 although prevented from serving in the Union cause, during the war, 
 on account of disability, lent all his influence to the preservation of 
 the Union. He has been a member of the Christian Church for a 
 number of years, and is a liberal supporter of religious and educa- 
 tional enterprises. 
 
 Kobert H. Moore is a son of Levi and Rachel Moore [see sketch 
 of W. H. Moore] and was born May 10, 1824. He lived with his 
 parents in different parts of Missouri during the pioneer days of that 
 State, until eighteen years of age, and June 13, 1842, was married to 
 Malinda, daughter of William Wasson, by whom the following chil- 
 dren were born: Eliza Jane, born February 16, 1843; Samara Ann, born 
 December 11, 1844; Jackson (deceased), born September 5, 1846; 
 Amanda P., born August 12, 1848; Milton, born March 11, 1850, and 
 Sarah Ellen, born October 25, 1851, all but one being reared to matur- 
 ity. Soon after his marriage Mr. Moore settled upon forty-eight acres 
 of land he had entered in Mercer County, to which he afterward 
 added 160 acres by pre-emption. For ten or twelve years he lived 
 among the Indians. March 9, 1852, Mr. Moore was left a widower 
 with six small children to care for, and his farm duties to attend to. 
 He was obliged to do his own cooking, and ofttimes plowed his land 
 with the baby securely fastened to his back. January 12, 1854, he 
 married Hester A. , daughter of David Jewett, and was then more 
 comfortably situated, and able to devote his time to agricultural pur- 
 suits with a light heart knowing that his home and children were 
 receiving a woman's care and attention. To his second marriage the 
 following children were born: William M. , born October 21, 1854; 
 Senoma E. , born April 27, 1856; James B., born September 6, 1857; 
 Thomas B., born August 4, 1859; Cordelia, born August 22, 1861; 
 Eobert S., born May 4, 1863; Otto, born September 10, 1868; 
 Douglass, born April 16, 1870; Randolph, born February 29, 1872, 
 and Charlotte B., born December 25, 1873. Two, William M. and 
 Senoma E., are now deceased. During the Rebellion Mr. Moore 
 fought in the Union cause, in Company H, under Gen. John Brown, as 
 second lieutenant. After hostilities had ceased he returned to his 
 farm, and has since devoted his time to the cultivation of same. He 
 now owns 800 acres of land, and is one of the well-to-do old settlers 
 of the county. It is an item of interest that Mr. Moore is an own 
 nephew of the famous hunter. Kit Carson, and like that renowned 
 waiTior he has had to fight his own way through life, but has come 
 out conqueror. 
 
 William Howard Moore was born March 5, 1826, in Howard 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 727 
 
 County, Mo., and is a son of Levi and Rachel (Haynes) Moore. The 
 mother was a daughter of Robert Haynes, and with her husband 
 emigrated firom Tennessee to Howard County, Mo., in 1826, where 
 William was reared until eleven years of age. The family then lived 
 on a farm in Daviess County one year, and then passed a year in 
 Grundy County upon a farm which is now the present site of Trenton, 
 which afterward became the property of Daniel Duvall. During 
 twenty years of life passed right among the Indians, who then thickly 
 inhabited Missouri, Mr. Moore became fluently conversant in four 
 Indian languages. William H. came to Mercer County, Mo., in 
 1843, and entered forty acres of land three miles west of Lineville. 
 By his marriage with Eliza, daughter of William Wasson, he has had 
 thirteen children: Anna M., Adolphus L., Luticia J., Miles A., Mary 
 E., Charlotte R., Arabella, John D. (deceased), William H., Jr., 
 Robert D. (deceased), Sarah, Ida A. and Virgil H. At the time of 
 the war Mr. Moore had increased his farm to 366 acres, but then 
 abandoned his agricultural pursuits, and enlisted April 3, 1862, in 
 the Union army, as first lieutenant in Company H, under Gen. John 
 Brown. He was present at the Isattle of Springfield, Mo., and at 
 Granby, September 29, 1862, was seriously wounded by falling from 
 his horse. August 20 he was injured in his left eye, and afterward lost 
 his sight in that eye. After being mustered out of service he bought 
 mules and horses for the brigade under Capt. Carr, and after the war 
 returned to Mercer County, and devoted his attention to farming and 
 stock raising. He at one time owned 1,446 acres of land in Missouri 
 and 346 acres in Iowa, but from time to time has sold portions of 
 his land. He is interested in fine stock, and has some blooded horses 
 of a high grade and some Shorthorns. He is a Republican, a member 
 of the G. A. R., and one of the influential and successful men of the 
 county. 
 
 William P. Moss was born in Daviess County, Mo. , in 1839, and 
 is a son of ex-Judge Joseph and Fanny (Prichard) Moss. The 
 father is of Irish descent, and born in York District, S. C. , in 1812. 
 His father, Joshua Moss, was born in the same district in 1784 and in 
 1815 moved to Knox County, Tenn. In 1840 he came to Mercer 
 Coiinty, Mo., and entered eighty acres in Harrison Township now 
 owned by William Moss, his son. Joshua Moss was a soldier in the 
 War of 1812 under Gen. Cornwell, and died in 1875. His wife, 
 Jennie (Howser) Moss, was of Dutch origin, and born in York District, 
 S. C. She was the mother of nine children, all of whom are living, 
 the eldest aged seventy-six and the youngest fifty-two, and she died 
 
728 MEKCER COUNTY. 
 
 in 1872. There are thirty-six gi'andchildren, forty-seven great- 
 grandchildren and seven great-great- grandchildi'en now living. Jo- 
 seph Moss is the eldest child, and was but a lad v?hen his parents 
 ihoved to Tennessee. In 1832 he went to Knox County, Ky. , and in 
 February, 1833, married Fanny Prichard, who was born in Knox 
 County, Ky., in 1813. To them the following children were born: 
 Mary Jane (wife of Douglas Brown), Henry, William P., Sarah (wife 
 of Eli Mullinax), Calvin, Joseph, Ann S. (wife of John Higgins) and 
 Joshua. In 1840 Judge Moss came to Mercer County, and entered 
 520 acres of land where he now resides. He lost his first wifa in 
 June, 1886, and in the fall of the same year married Jane Johnson, 
 daughter of Joseph Johnson, and a native of Virginia, born in 1847. 
 To this union six children were born: Jennie Lind, Ettie, Fannie, 
 Hulda, Robert and Daisy. When Judge Moss came to Missouri with 
 his parents the country was very sparsely settled, and they were 
 among the first white men to come to the State. He has been suc- 
 cessful in his business transactions, and at one time owned 900 acres, 
 a great deal of which he has given to his children. He has fourteen 
 childi-en, thirty-two grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren, all 
 save two living within four miles. In politics he has always been a 
 Democrat, and as such served four years as justice of the peace, and 
 four years as county judge, to which office he was re-elected three 
 times. In 1801 he was appointed sheriff of the county, and served 
 for two years. William P. Moss, our subject, is the third child of 
 his father's first marriage, and when a year old was brought to Mer- 
 cer County. In September, 1862, he married Miss Rebecca Kentucky, 
 daughter of William and Rebecca Hart, and a native of Mercer 
 County, born in 1842. She is the mother of two children: William 
 E. and Rosa L. In 1863 Mr. Moss went to Madison County, Iowa, 
 but in 1866 returned to Mercer County, and located upon his present 
 place, which contains 600 acres of fine land upon which is a hand- 
 some house and large barns. In connection with his farming Mr. 
 Moss keeps on an average 200 head of cattle, and is one of the pros- 
 perous farmers and stock raisers of the township. He is a Democrat 
 and a member of the A. F. & A. M. and A. O. U. W. Himself and 
 wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a 
 trustee. 
 
 Jesse Mulvaney is a native of Sevier County, Tenn. , was born in 
 1830, and is a son of William and Martha (George) Mulvaney. The 
 father was of Irish-English descent, and born in Tennessee in 1803. 
 In 1850 he immigrated to Mercer County, and located in Morgan 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 729 
 
 Township, where our subject now resides. He was a successful 
 farmer, and at one time owned 200 acres of land. He served as 
 corporal of a company in the Mexican War for twelve months, and 
 died in 1884. Martha (George) Mulvaney was born in Sevier 
 County, Tenn., in 1805, and died in 1878. She was the mother of 
 eight children, seven of whom are living: Sarah Ann (wife of Henry 
 Lewis), Jesse, Polly (wife of Joseph Mason), Alexander, John, 
 Patsey (wife of Isaac Overton) and William. Jesse was twenty years 
 old when he came to Mercer County, and he then entered forty acres 
 of land near the old homestead. In 1856 he located upon his present 
 place, where he has since lived, and which contains 290 acres of well 
 cultivated and improved land, making Mr. Mulvaney one of the sub- 
 stantial farmers of the township. In 185-4 he married Miss Elizabeth 
 Ann Constable, daughter of William and Martha Constable. IVIrs. 
 Mulvaney was born October 2, 1833 and came to Mercer County when 
 seven years old. To her union with our subject four children have 
 been born: William, Amanda (wife of Huston Holmes), Sarah (wife 
 of Calvin Cordle) and Albert. In politics Mr. Mulvaney is a Demo- 
 crat. Mrs. Mulvaney is a member of the Baptist Church. 
 
 James L. Neill was born October 27, 1834, in Marshall County, 
 Tenn. , and is the fourth of a family of nine children (two dead) born 
 to Robert and Ann (Ewing) Neill, natives of Tennessee and Pennsyl- 
 vania, respectively. They were married in the former State whither 
 the mother had accompanied her parents when a little girl, and after 
 the marriage settled upon a farm in Marshall County. There the 
 father died when James L. was a small boy, but the mother still made 
 that place her residence until 1852, when with her family she immi- 
 grated to Appanoose County, Iowa. At the expiration of two years 
 the family removed to Mercer County, Mo. , where the mother has 
 since lived with her children, but is at the present making her home 
 with her daughter, Mrs. Charity Logan, in Decatur County, Iowa. 
 James L. received a limited education in his native county during his 
 youth, and at the age of twenty-one began life for himself. March 
 25, 1858, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Ai-chibald and Hannah 
 (Ashcraft) Smith. Mrs. Neill was born in Mercer County, where she 
 maiTied, February 22, 1841, and to her union with Mr. Neill nine 
 children have been born, seven of whom are living: Robert, Martha, 
 Mary Alice, William, Melissa, Eliza Ann, Nettie and Ira. After his 
 marriage Mr. Neill located upon a farm he afterward purchased, and 
 upon which he now resides. Being of an active and energetic nature 
 he has become a successful farmer, and now owns 160 acres of land, 
 
 46 
 
730 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 the most of which is cleared and well improved. He is a Republican, 
 and cast his first presidental vote for Stephen A. Douglas in 1860. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Neill are worthy members of the Christian Church. 
 
 John B. Neill is a native of Mercer County, Mo., was born Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1857, and is a son of Heniy and Hulda F. (Girdner) NeUl. 
 The father was born in County Down, Ireland, March 1, 1816, and 
 when quite small was bound out. Before he arrived at manhood his 
 master died, and he then left his native country and immigrated to the 
 United States. He went first to Pittsburgh, Penn. , from there to Iowa, 
 and then, the gold fever being at its height, accompanied a company 
 to California in search of a fortune. After two years of California 
 life he returned to Iowa, but soon after came to Mercer County, Mo. 
 There he was married February 20, 1854, to Miss Hulda F. Girdner, 
 daughter of Joseph and Anna (Lauderdale) Girdner. Mrs. NeUl was 
 born June 27, 1820, and is the mother of the following childi-en: 
 Lucy Ann (wife of Robert Owens), Harriet Ellen (deceased), John 
 B., Catherine E. (wife of J. A. Arnott), Medora Alice (wife of R. R. 
 Prichard). The year of his man-iage Mr. Neill bought 250 acres 
 where his son, John B. , now resides, and where Henry Neill died. 
 When he came to America he had but 50 cents, but being of an 
 industrious nature, economical in his habits, and possessing business 
 ability, he afterward became one of the successful farmers of Mercer 
 County, and owned at one time 1,080 acres of land which he divided 
 liberally among his children. The mother still resides upon the old 
 homestead, making her home with her son, John B. , who has lived upon 
 the same place since his birth. December 31, 1879, he maiTied Miss M. 
 Inez Gardner, daughter of Jacob Gardner, who was born in Ashland 
 County, Ohio, on May 8, 1858. This union has been blessed with 
 three children : Nellie (deceased), John A. and Jesse V. Mr. Neill 
 is one of the young and enterprising farmers and Shorthorn cattle 
 breeders of Harrison Township, and owns 330 acres of fine land. His 
 wife is a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, near 
 Goshen City, and in politics he is a Democrat. His first presiden- 
 tial vote was cast for Hancock in 1880. 
 
 Sumner A. Newlin was born in Mercer County, Mo. , September 
 19, 1856. His father was a native of Tennessee, and his mother of 
 Franklin County, Ind. They immigi-ated to Missouri at an early date, 
 and the father died while in the service of his country in 1862. Sum- 
 ner A. spent his childhood and youth upon the farm in Missouri, and 
 March 7, 1875, was united in marriage with Martha A. Talbott, by 
 whom three daughters have been born, all of whom are living: Jes- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 731 
 
 sie, born March 1, 1880; Gussie, born October 21, 1883, and Bessie, 
 born December 2-1, 1885. In 1878 Mr. Newlin went into partner- 
 ship with J. P. Alley in the saw mill business, in which he met with 
 moderate success. In 1888 he sold his interest to his partner, and 
 then followed his trade, that of engineering, until September, 1887, 
 when he opened a grocery store at Marion Station, where he carries 
 a stock of about $5,000 worth of goods, and is meeting with good 
 success. 
 
 Hobert G. Orton was born in Eichland County, Ohio, March 2, 
 1838, and is a son of Treat and Rozetta (DuBois) Orton, natives of 
 the State of New York, his father of English and his mother of Hol- 
 land descent. His father was a pioneer settler of Ohio, having gone 
 there in 1822. He is now a resident of Williams County, Ohio. His 
 mother died in 1880, leaving four children: Angeline C. (wife of 
 Dr. "William H. Bunker, of Hamilton County, Ohio), E. Chase (of 
 Williams County, Ohio), Hobert G. and Sarah A. (wife of Dr. Albert 
 Wilber, of Williams County, Ohio). Hobert G. was raised on a farm, 
 a nd attended the common school of his neighborhood. At the age of 
 seventeen he commenced to teach school. His first school was in the 
 Swail District, in Crawford County, Ohio. As was common then he 
 liv ed at large, or, as the phrase was, he ' ' boarded round. ' ' He 
 received a liberal education at Oberlin College, having secured the 
 m eans to attend college in part by manual labor while at school, and 
 partly by teaching during the winter terms. While at college, in 
 April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company C, Seventh Regi- 
 ment, Ohio Volunteers, and served until wounded and captured at 
 the battle of Cross Lanes, West Virginia, August 26, 1861. He 
 was held a prisoner about three weeks, when rescued by the Union 
 forces imder Gen. Eosecrans, after the battle of Carnifix Ferry — 
 right' glad to get once more among the men who wore the blue. As 
 in the accounts of the battle where he was wounded he was reported 
 as " mortally wounded," he quite surprised his friends by tm-ning 
 up alive after the battle of Carnifix Ferry. The wound was a most 
 desperate one, his right thigh bone being broken near the hip joint by 
 a gun shot. He was confined to his bed for nearly a year, over nine 
 months of which he was unable to turn or be turned off his back. 
 During this time he underwent two severe surgical operations. From 
 the effects of this wound he still suffers, and by it he is often confined 
 to his bed for weeks at a time. At this period the question upper- 
 most in his mind was, what, in his disabled condition, could he do to 
 make a living in the world. The solution of this problem was in part 
 
732 MEKCEK COUNTY. 
 
 decided by the accidental opportunity he had of trading his army 
 overcoat for two old volumes of " Blackstone's Commentaries." This 
 trade was made, and the long and weary months of hospital life were 
 in part occupied in the study of these books. Afterward he attended 
 the Law University at Ann Arbor, Mich. , and was in 1864 admitted 
 to the bar. In January, 1806, he located in Princeton, Mo., and 
 engaged in the practice of his profession in partnership with Mr. Ira 
 B. Hyde, which partnership, with the exception of a few months, has 
 existed ever since 1865. He is a man of good business ability, and has 
 been successful in the practice of his profession. He and his partner 
 were the principal organizers of the Bank of Mercer County, in 1886, 
 under whose management it is conducted. He was married Decem- 
 ber 6, 1865, to Miss Angeline C. Stewart, a native of Vermont, by 
 whom he has three children living: Helen DuBois, Ira D. and 
 Eldon E. Ever since attaining his majority he has been a zealous 
 Republican; and since his residence in Missouri he has taken an active 
 part in politics in this part of the State. He served eight years as 
 probate judge of Mercer County, and has been three times elected as 
 its prosecuting attorney. He is a member of the G. A. R. , and of 
 the A. O. U. W. 
 
 Hiram Painter, a substantial merchant of Ravanna, was born in 
 Westmoreland County, Penn. , May 20, 1854, and is a son of John 
 and Christena (Small) Painter. The father is also a native of West- 
 moreland County, and at present a resident of Ravanna Township, 
 whither he came in the fall of 1866. His life-long' occupation has 
 been that of farming. The mother was born in the same county as 
 her husband and is a member of the Lutheran Church. Hiram is the 
 second of a family of six children and received his early education at 
 the public schools of Mercer County. At the age of nineteen he began 
 to teach during the winter months, and to devote his time to farming 
 during the summer months. This he continued until September. 
 1886, when he came to Ravanna, and established a grocery store, his 
 intention being to keep a first-class stock of fine and staj)le groceries, 
 crockery, cutlery, etc. He is one of the young and enterprising mer- 
 chants of the town, and endeavors in every way to please his customers 
 and supply their wants. In 1878 he married Bessie Drake, daughter 
 of James Drake, of Mercer County, and to this union five children 
 have been born: Allie M., Ralph E., John, James T. and Yolney F. 
 'Mis. Painter is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 
 Mr. Painter is a Republican, and takes an active interest in the welfare 
 of his county. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 733 
 
 William Erastus Parsons was born in Mercer County, Mo. , April 
 1, 1847, and is a son of James and Mary (Prichard) Parsons. The 
 father was born in Tennessee in 1812, and was of Irish descent. When 
 about seventeen he left his native State and went to Illinois, and in the 
 fall of 1838 came to Mercer County, Mo., where he entered the farm 
 now owned by J. T. Cook. The farm comprised 520 acres, and there 
 Mr. Parsons spent the greater part of his life. He was the first white 
 man that settled in Mercer County, which was at that time a large un- 
 broken prairie inhabited only by wild animals and Indians. He was a 
 soldier in the Black Hawk War, and took an active part in politics 
 before the war, belonging to the Whig party and afterward to the 
 Republican. He was a charter member of the Goshen Christian 
 Church, and also a trustee of the same. He was highly esteemed for 
 his high principles and moral character, and his death which occurred 
 December 15, 1885, was mourned by a large circle of friends. Mary 
 (Prichard) Parsons was of Dutch descent, and a daughter of Joseph 
 and Mary Prichard. She was born in Kenti\cky in June, 1824, and 
 died in December, 1884. She was the mother of nine children, only 
 two of whom are living: Mary (wife of J. T. Cook), and William E., 
 who was the second child. He was educated at Edinbiu-g, Grundy 
 Co. , Mo. , and during the war was a strong Union man. In August, 
 1864, he enlisted in Company D, Forty-fourth Missouri Volunteer 
 Infantry, and served in Tennessee, Kentucky, Louisiana and Missis- 
 sippi. After a , year's service he was discharged at St. Louis, Mo. 
 September 22, 1867, he married Miss Margaret J. Higgins, daughter 
 of William Higgins, and a native of Kentucky, born March 25, 1847. 
 This union has been blessed with five children: James B. , Hettie, 
 Wilmoth, Annie and John T. After his marriage Mr. Parsons settled 
 upon ' ' old Perkins' farm, ' ' where he has since resided. He is now the 
 owner of 280 acres of land, well improved and cultivated, and is one 
 of the enterprising and successful farmers of Harrison Township. In 
 politics he is a Republican, and has served his township three years as 
 constable. Himself and wife belong to the Christian Church. 
 
 Ex-Judge Morris Perry was born in Greene County, Ohio, in 1825, 
 and is a son of Allen and Elizabeth (Griffey) Peiiy. The father was 
 born in North Carolina, in 1794, and when fifteen immigrated to 
 Greene County Ohio, with his father, Samuel Perry, where he was 
 married, and from there he moved to Wayne County, Ind. A few 
 years later he went to Fayette County, and at the expiration of eight 
 years moved to Madison County, where he died in 1859. He was a 
 soldier in the War of 1812 under Gen. Hull. His wife was born in 
 
734 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 Virginia in 1797, and died in 1868. Morris ia the sixth of a family 
 of eight boys and two girls, and was only three years old when taken 
 to Indiana. He remained at home with his parents until twenty- four, 
 but at the age of twenty-two began to work at the carpenter's trade, 
 which he followed ten years. In 1853 he came to Mercer County, 
 and in November, 1854, married Miss Mary Ann Girdner, daughter 
 of James and Jennie (Prichard) Girdner. Mrs. Perry was bom in 
 Knox County, Ky. , in 1836, and is the mother of ten children: Oliver 
 H., Winfield Scott, James B., Jennie V. (wife of J. H. Covey), 
 Mary A. (wife of Charles Coon), Matilda A., Seybert A. (deceased), 
 Cora E., John M. and Jessie M. In 1853 Mr. Perry bought 200 acres 
 in Section 36, Township 25, Range 24, for $435, upon which he has since 
 resided. He began life a poor man, but he now owns 345 acres of first- 
 class land, which is well improved with good fences, a nice dwelling and 
 large barns. Mr. Perry is one of the old settlers of the county, 
 and a gentleman of literary tastes, owning the finest private library in 
 Mercer County. In politics he is a National and cast his first pres- 
 idential vote for Cass in 1848. He was township clerk of Morgan 
 Township a number of years, and in 1878 was elected county judge 
 at large on the People's ticket. He served as judge four years, and 
 for twenty years was a school director. He is an Ancient member 
 of the I. O. O. ,F. , and himself and wife belong to the Christian Church, 
 of which he has been an elder many years. During the Rebellion he 
 served in the Enrolled State Militia. 
 
 William E. Peters, M. D., was born in Berkshire County, Mass., 
 July 2, 1838, and is a son of Reuben and Sylvia (Edson) Peters, also 
 natives of Massachusetts. He graduated in medicine from the Rush 
 Medical College, Chicago, at the age of twenty-one, and then began 
 the practice of his profession at Millidgeville, 111. In 1859 he emi- 
 grated to Pleasant Plains, Iowa, now the site of Pleasanton, Iowa, 
 where he continued the practice of medicine. In 1864 he embarked 
 in the drag and grocery business at Pleasanton, and the profits of 
 that business together with the money earned by his profension enabled 
 him in 1878 to buy a farm of 720 acres of land one mile south of 
 Pleasanton over the State line in Missouri. He then entirely devoted 
 his attention to agricultual pursuits. He makes a specialty of fine 
 stock, ■ and always has a fine bull and about 100 head of cattle upon 
 the place. He was married in 1872 to Mary A. Smith, by whom 
 one son and three daughters have been born: Earl, Leota, Essie 
 and Zora, all of whom are living with their parents. Dr. Peters is a 
 stanch RepuOTican and a cheerful giver to all laudable public enter- 
 prises for the advancement of his county. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 735 
 
 Jackson Prichard was born in Knox County, Ky., May 5, 1819, 
 and is a son of Josepli and Mary (Tye) Prichard, the former of Welsb 
 and the latter of Irish descent. The father was born in Virginia, 
 December 9, in 1783, and after living a few years in Knox County, 
 Ky., during his youth, spent two years near Huntsville, Ala., after 
 which he returned to Knox County, where he was married in 1811. 
 Ho then lived three years in Alabama, but again returned to Kentucky 
 which he left in 1837, for Daviess County, Mo. In 1839 he came to 
 Mercer County, Mo., and located where his son Jackson now resides. 
 His death occurred January 8, 1865. The mother was a native of 
 Tennessee, and born March 22, 1787, and when thirteen years old 
 went to Knox County, Ky. She was the mother of nine children, of 
 whom Jackson is the only survivor, and her death occurred in 1872. 
 Jackson received his education in a primitive log schoolhouse in Ken- 
 tucky, and when eighteen came to Missouri. In the fall of 1838 he 
 came to Mercer County, and took up a Government claim of 160 acres 
 in Section 34, Township 65, Range 25, which he proceeded to improve, 
 and to which his parents, came in 1839. The Prichard family were 
 among the early settlers of Mercer County, which at that time was an 
 unbroken prairie, sparsely settled. February 21, 1850, Mr. Prichard 
 married Miss Louisa J. Rockhold. daughter of Robert W. and Caro- 
 line (Wells) Rockhold, who came to Missouri, in 1839, from Whit- 
 ley County, Ky. Mrs. Prichard was born in Whitley County, 
 December 14, 1832, and is the mother of the following children: 
 Mary C. (deceased) March 19, 1875, aged twenty-two, and wife 
 of William F. Granlee; Maria E., wife of W. E. Cockrell ; Joseph G., 
 Louann, wife of Charles W. Scott, of Hennepin County, Minn. ; 
 Robert R., Mattie J., wife of W. W. White, of Jefferson County, 
 Neb. ; Sarah E. , wife of James R. Bowsher, and Frank J. Mr. 
 Prichard came to the county a poor man but possessed energy and 
 business ability, and at present is the wealthiest man in Mercer 
 County. He at one time owned 3, 300 acres of land of which he has 
 liberally given to his children, so that at present he owns but 1,500 
 acres. For a number of years he was extensively engaged in farming 
 and raising stock, but having become advanced in years is now living 
 a more retired life upon his homestead, where he in 1881 erected a 
 commodious frame dwelling, which in April of that year was burned, 
 and many of its valuable contents lost. Mr. Prichard is a Democrat, 
 but cast his fii'st presidential vote for Gen. Harrison, in 1840, as at 
 that time he was a Whig. During the Rebellion he served as captain 
 of the Enrolled Militia. He is one of the prominent mizens of the 
 
i 
 
 736 MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 county, and was once elected judge of the county court to fill the 
 vacancy of Peter Cain. He has been a director of the Bank of Prince- 
 ton since its organization, and vice-president of the same a number of 
 years. Himself and wife have been members of the Christian Church 
 for about eight years, and Mr. Prichard is a member of the Blue 
 Lodge in Masonry. 
 
 James H. Reger was born April 4, 1844, in Madison County, Ind. , 
 and is a son of Saul and Mariah Reger, both natives of Virginia, where 
 the mother died when James was an infant. The father was after- 
 ward maiTied to Mary M. Busby, and resided in Indiana until 1855. 
 He then sold out, and with five sons and one daughter moved to Mis- 
 souri, whither two daughters had gone previously. Three older sons 
 remained in Indiana, of which State they are still residents. James 
 H. was the yoiingest child by his first marriage, and lived with his 
 father in Sullivan County, Mo., until his marriage, November 3, 1S61, 
 to Charlotte, daughter of Jonathan Tipton. He shortly after 
 enlisted in the Union Army, in which he served until March 20, 1865. 
 He was then discharged on account of disability, and has since been a 
 sufferer from the effects of the exposure of camp life. After his dis- 
 charge he returned to his wife in Sullivan County, where he engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits until 1877, when he moved to Lineville, Iowa, 
 and ran a confectionery store successfully about four years. During 
 these years while prospecting for coal he discovered what are now 
 known as the ' ' Reger Mineral Springs, ' ' which are f amotis in that 
 country for their health restoring properties. 'Mr. Reger sold half of 
 his interest in these springs to Mr. William H. Alden, in partnership 
 with whom he has built a large and commodious hotel at a cost of 
 $6,000, which is finely furnished, and to which people suffering from 
 dyspepsia, skin diseases or general debility resort, and where they 
 almost invariably find relief in the health-giving waters. A large 
 number of people are accommodated at this hotel, and the place is 
 fast becoming a quiet and pleasant summer resort for which the county 
 is greatly indebted to Mr. Reger. 
 
 M. F. Robinson, mayor of Princeton, attorney and real estate 
 agent, was born in Laurel County, Ky., August 10, 1854. He 
 remained in his native State until about seventeen years old, when he 
 came to Princeton, and engaged in school teaching about four years 
 in Mercer County. He was made deputy recorder, and while sei-ving 
 in that capacity commenced to study law, and in 1879 was admitted 
 to the bar, and afterward practiced his chosen profession under the 
 firm name of Wright & Robinson until the decease of the former in 
 
 4 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 737 
 
 August, 1884. Since April, 1887, Mr. Kobinson has been efficiently- 
 discharging the duties of the office of mayor. In 1879 he was united 
 in marriage to Lulu Wright, a native of Mercer County, by whom 
 two sons have been born: Walter, born June 2, 1880, and Bertrand, 
 born November 9, 1881; the latter died September 8, 1884 The 
 Robinson family came fi'om England about 1760, located in Vir- 
 ginia, and from there moved to Kentucky, where M. L. Robinson, 
 the father of our subject, was born in May, 1824. He was reared in 
 Kentucky, and afterward married Calista Casteel, by whom he had six 
 sons and four daughters, all living with the exception of one son and 
 one daughter. The parents are now residents of Mercer County. 
 
 Joshua Rock was born December 31, 1835, in Barren County, Ky., 
 and is the sixth of thirteen children (five dead) of Joshua and Mary 
 (Forbes) Rock, natives of Kentucky, where they were reared and 
 married. Joshua accompanied his parents fi'om Kentucky to Linn 
 County, Mo., when six years old, and two years later went to Macon 
 County, where they located upon a farm, where they lived ten years. 
 In the spring of 1852 they moved to Grundy County, where the 
 father died in 1858. The mother then made her home with her chil- 
 dren until of late years when she moved to Modena, where she died in 
 1887, aged about eighty. Joshua received a common-school educa- 
 tion in Macon and Grundy Counties, and at the age of twenty-one 
 began life for himself as a farm hand on his father's farm. Upon 
 the death of the latter he assumed the control of the estate of which 
 he was appointed administrator; he filled that position with efficiency, 
 and remained upon the old homestead until the spring of 1862, when 
 he came to Mercer County. He soon enlisted in Company C, Thirty- 
 fifth Missouri Infantry, and besides several skirmishes was present at 
 the battles of Helena, Ark. , and Shell Mound, Mo. He was mus- 
 tered out July 15, 1865, and in September, of that year, returned to 
 his farm near Modena which he had bought previous to the war. In 
 the fall of 1867 he bought the mercantile stock of George W. Stewart 
 at Modena, and engaged in that business at Modena seventeen months. 
 He then moved upon a farm he had purchased in Madison Township, 
 where, until November, 1881, he engaged in loaning money, farming 
 and merchandising. Since that time his attention has been devoted 
 to the two first named occupations. He wa=f married February 6, 
 1868, in Mercer County, to Amanda, daughter of Charles and Mar- 
 garet (Bradley) Thompson. Mrs. Rock was born in Mercer County, 
 June 13, 1849, and is the mother of three children: Walter F., Hat- 
 tie B. and Stella May. Mr. Rock is a worthy member of the Chris- 
 
738 MEKCER COUNTY. 
 
 tian Chm-ch. He is one of the wealthy citizens of the county owning 
 about 1,000 acres of good land, and having money out at interest 
 which amounts to more than the value of his real estate. Previous to 
 the war he was a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for 
 Douglas in 1860, but since the war has been a stanch Eepublican. 
 He is a member of the Gr. A. R. , Andrew J. Norton Post. 
 
 Volney F. Eowley was born in Tioga County, Penn. , February 10, 
 1832, and is a son of Ichabod and Celia (Harkness) Rowley. The 
 father was born in Vermont, April 21, 1795, and when but a lad was 
 taken by his parents to Tioga County, Penn. When about twenty- 
 five years of age he was married, and with his family immigrated 
 to Illinois in 1835, where he resided until his death. He was an 
 earnest and conscientious member of the Christian Church, and left a 
 widow and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. Volney F. entered 
 a college in Illinois in 1852, which he attended until the last quarter of 
 his junior year, when he went to Washington County, 111., and began 
 to teach school, and study law under Col. Hicks. In 1857 he went to 
 Dade County, Mo. , but shortly after went to California, where he taught 
 school three terms, and remained until 1861. He then returned to 
 his father's home in Illinois, and lived upon the farm until 1867, after 
 which he came to Mercer County, Mo. He is now the owner of 210 
 acres of good land, under a fine state of cultivation, and well equipped 
 for farming. He was admitted to the Mercer County bar in 1871, and 
 practiced law in the circuit court a number of years. For ten years 
 he has been the justice of the peace where he resides, to the duties 
 of which position and his general office work he devotes his time and 
 attention. April 9, 1862, he married Caroline Millison, a native of 
 Illinois, and daughter of John Millison, a native of Virginia. Mr. 
 Rowley joined the I. O. O. F. in 1869, of which he has since been a 
 member. He was a Democrat until Fort Snmter was fired upon, at 
 which time he changed his views, and has since been a hearty sup- 
 porter of the Republican party. He is still interested in educational 
 projects, and a hearty supporter of enterprises for the general welfare 
 of his county. 
 
 Thomas E. Sallee, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Mercer 
 County, Mo., in 1841, on March 20, and is a son of Joseph M. and 
 Matilda A. (Dunkeson) Sallee. The father was of French descent, 
 and born in Rockingham County, Va., in 1815. His father, Moses 
 Sallee, was a native of that State, and a cooper by trade, who died in 
 Tennessee. Joseph M. , when six years old, went to Ringgold County, 
 Tenn. , where he lived until his marriage in 1838. The following year 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 739 
 
 he immigrated to Northern Missouri, and located near Edinburg 
 (now Grundj County), where he took up a claim. About a year later 
 he sold out, and came to Mercer County, where he settled iipon the 
 farm now owned by Israel Smith, and which is situated in Harrison 
 Township. About two years later he moved to Lindley Township, 
 where he resided until 1876, at which time he removed to Mount 
 Moriah, Harrison County, where he now lives, and for the past few 
 years has served as postmaster. He also held that position in Burr 
 Oak, Mercer County. He is one of the oldest living settlers of Northern 
 Missovu'i, which, when he came to it, abounded in Indiana and wild 
 animals, and was a vast unbroken prairie. He is a Democrat, and for 
 one year was the assessor of half of Mercer County. His wife was 
 born in Kentucky in 1813, and died in 1856. She was the mother of 
 nine children, of whom our subject is the second. He received a 
 common school education during his youth, and made his home with 
 his parents until of age. In 1861 he married Miss Elizabeth Wood- 
 ward, daughter of Elder John Woodward. Mrs. Sallee was born in 
 Decatur County, Ind., in 1845, and died in 1862. In 1867 Mr. Sallee 
 married Miss Adelia Putnam, daughter of Luther and Lucy Putnam, 
 and a native of Huron County, Ohio, born October 5, 1846. She came 
 to Mercer County when eighteen years of age, and is the mother of 
 the following children: Henrietta, Arthur C, Olive, Carrie M. , Ethel, 
 Annie and Orville. Mr. Sallee was a strong Union man during the 
 war, and in March, 1862, enlisted in Company E, Third Missouri 
 Cavalry, for three years, participating in the battles at Springfield 
 and numerous severe skirmishes. In June, 1864, he veteranized, and 
 enlisted in Company M, Thirteenth Veteran Volunteer Cavalry, and 
 was afterward promoted to Company C, of the same regiment. In 
 August, 1865, he was made second lieutenant, which position he held 
 until discharged in May, 1866, at Fort Leavenworth, Kas. About 
 1857 he entered 100 acres of land in Section 3, Township 65, Range 
 25, where he located after his marriage, and where he has since 
 resided. He now owns 200 acres of land, and is one of Harrison 
 Township's respected and enterprising farmer citizens. He has 
 always been a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for Mc- 
 Clellan in 1864. In 1877 he was elected county assessor, and in 1879 
 re-elected to the office, thus serving four years. He received a ma- 
 jority of 209 in a Republican county of 400 majority, which forcibly 
 illustrates his popularity among the people. In 1873 he served as 
 township assessor. He has been a member of the Missionary Baptist 
 Church twenty-six years, and his wife has been a member of the same 
 church twenty years. 
 
740 MERCEE COUNTY. 
 
 Charles Scott (deceased), was a successful farmer and stock raiser 
 of Harrison Township, Section 35, Township 65, Range 25, born in 
 Ireland in 1815, and a son of Charles and Elizabeth (Scott) Scott. 
 His parents were born in Ireland in 1790 and 1791, respectively, and 
 in 1818 immigrated to the United States, locating first in Schuyler 
 County, Ohio. After several years had elapsed, they went to Stark 
 Cou^nty, 111. , but passed the last year of their lives in Mercer County, 
 Mo. The father died in 1862, and the mother in 1872. Charles was 
 but three years old when brought to America by his parents, and was 
 married in this country in 1839 to Miss Rachel Baxter, who was born 
 in Ohio in 1815. After his man-iage Mr. Scott moved to Stark County, 
 111., but in 1841 came to Mercer County, Mo., locating upon the above 
 described property. He lost his first wife in 1878, and June 5, 1879, 
 married Miss Sarah Oiler, a native of Cumberland County, Penn. , and 
 born February 8, 1851. When two years old she was taken by her 
 parents, James and Rosanna Oiler, to Noble County, Ind. , and in 1868 
 moved to Harrison County, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. Oiler are natives of 
 Cumberland County, Penn., were born in 1820, and 1825, respectively, 
 and are now residents of Harrison County, Mo. Mrs. Scott is the 
 mother of four children: Rosa, Minnie Jane, Charles James and Mary 
 Elizabeth. Mr. Scott was a poor man when he first came to Mercer 
 County, but by industry, close attention to business, and with the aid 
 of his wife, became the owner of 500 acres of land, and was considered 
 one of the substantial farmer citizens of the country. He was highly 
 esteemed by those who knew him, and in politics was a Democrat, and 
 during the war was second lieutenant of a company of Home Militia. 
 He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and died Dec- 
 ember 2, 1882, since which time his widow has lived upon the home 
 place caring for her children, and looking after the property. 
 
 William T. Scott, notary public and justice of the peace, of Mill 
 Grove, Washington Township, was born in Marion County, 111., 
 March 24, 1847. His father, Henry, was a prominent farmer of that 
 State, and his mother, Edna S. , daughter of Peter 'Wilburn, was born 
 there and married in June, 1845. William T. is the eldest of a family 
 of five sons and three daughters, and accompanied his parents to Mis- 
 souri in 1857, but returned to Illinois in 1861. He enlisted in Company 
 I, Seventh Illinois Cavalry, after his return to Illinois, and participated 
 in several important engagements. While in service he participated in 
 twenty-two battles, besides a great number of skirmishes, and was on one 
 sixty-five days' raid without rest or receiving any mail. He was fre- 
 quently detailed for special scout, and had many narrow escapes from 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 741 
 
 capture. Three times he was struck by balls from the enemy's 
 guns, but only once disabled. He frequently went through the lines 
 on his own hook, and thereby gained valuable information in regard 
 to the enemy's whereabouts and intentions. He was wounsJed in the 
 left hip at the battle of Nashville, and, although disabled for active 
 service, remained with his command until the close of the war. Sir. 
 Scott then returned to Missouri, and December 24, 1872, married 
 Hattie A. , daughter of David Butcher. This union was blessed with 
 seven daughters, two of whom died in infancy. Those living are 
 Mary E. , Mertie M. , Clara A. , Alice A. and Carrie L. After his mar- 
 riage he bought a small farm of 140 acres, and engaged in farming in 
 connection with house carpentering until 1880. He then sold his farm, 
 and bought his present residence in Mill Grove, where he raises bees 
 and discharges the duties of collecting agent and notary public. He is 
 a stanch Republican in politics, and is an active member of the 
 Christian Church. He is also connected with Capt. Stanley Post, 
 No. 79, Grand Army of the Republic, of which he was a charter 
 member. 
 
 Peter J. Scott, farmer and school teacher, was born in Marion 
 County, 111., August 3, 1849, and was reared by his father, Henry 
 Scott, upon a farm. During his youth he received a high school 
 education, which he has since improved by study and teaching, and at 
 the age of nineteen began to teach school himself. He has been very 
 successful in his vocation, and is now teaching his twelfth term in 
 Mercer County and his sixth term at Jlill Grove. That he is a popular 
 and highly esteemed teacher is shown by the fact that his is the largest 
 district school in Mercer County, and that his services are in demand 
 so often in the same place. December 22, 1878, he married Melissa 
 M. , daughter of Mrs. K. M. Butcher, widow of Judge David Butcher. 
 This union has been blessed with one daughter — Delia M. , who is an 
 attendant of her father's school. Mr. Scott came to Mill Grove in 
 1875, and in connection with his teaching has farmed upon seventy- 
 five acres of good land adjoining Mill Grove, although he resides in 
 one of the best houses in the town. Mr. Scott is a stanch Repub- 
 lican, and himself and wife are active and worthy members of the 
 Christian Chui'ch. 
 
 Andrew H. Sexton, of Marion Township, Mercer Co., Mo., is the 
 son of Isaac F. and Polly A. Sexton, who came fi-om Kentucky to 
 Indiana in the year 1818, where Andi-ew H. was born, in Sullivan 
 County, November 1, 1831. He accompanied his parents to Mercer 
 County, Mo., in the year 1854, where he bought Government land, 
 
742 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 worked out by the month much of the time till the spring of 1859, and 
 was then carried west by the Pike's Peak gold excitement, walking 
 from Leavenworth to Denver City and far up in the Rockies in search 
 of gold, but found it not. He then returned, and began farming, 
 continuing until the war began, when he enlisted August 12, 1861, in 
 Company B, Fifth Kansas Cavalry. He served his country three 
 years and four days, being mustered out August 15, 1864, broken 
 down with disease and hardships. On October 16, 1864, Mr. Sexton 
 was married to Samanthe E. Snyder, a native of Kentucky, by whom 
 five sons and three daughters were born, of which number six are still 
 living: Almira E. (deceased), Emily J., Mary A., JohnM. , Ira F., 
 Hunter E. (deceased), Cassius A. and Bird. Mib. Sexton died December 
 2, 1885, leaving him a farm and his children to care for. He still fol- 
 lows farming and stock raising on the land he bought from the 
 Government. He is a member of the G. A. R., and attends the 
 meetings of the same when his health permits, though now very 
 feeble. 
 
 Capt. Joel H. Shelly was born in Luzerne County, Penn., Decem- 
 ber 19, 1838, and is a son of John and Mary (Shook) Shelly, also 
 natives of Pennsylvania, where they lived and died. Joel H. arrived 
 at manhood in his native State, and was educated at Wyoming Semi- 
 nary in his native county. In 1857 he went to Iowa, and two years 
 later left that State and came to Princeton. He served as deputy 
 county and circuit clerk here until September, 1861, and then served 
 as adjutant of Col. Clark's battalion of Missouri Militia until April, 
 1862; he then enlisted in Company H, Sixth Missouri State Militia 
 Cavalry, in which he served as second and first lieutenant over two 
 years. In June, 1864, he was commissioned as captain of Company B, 
 Thirteenth Regiment Missouri Veteran Volunteer Cavalry, in which 
 he remained until mustered out in May, 1866. After the war Mr. 
 Shelly returned to Princeton, where he has since resided. He is one 
 of the active and enterprising business men of Princeton, where he 
 has been engaged in the mercantile business over twenty years. In 
 August, 1885, he was appointed postmaster of the town, which posi- 
 tion he is filling in a satisfactory manner. Capt. Shelly has been 
 twice married, but death claimed both his wives. He has one living 
 child — Frank P. — a son by his first wife, whose maiden name was 
 Margaret E. Prichard. Capt. Shelly is a Democrat, and has served 
 two terms as treasurer of Mercer County by election, and one term as 
 collector by appointment of the Governor, on account of the change 
 in law at that time. He is a Knight Templar in Masonry, and a 
 member of the I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W. and G. A. R. 
 
15I0GBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 743 
 
 John L. Shipley, M. D. , a leading physician and surgeon residing 
 at Ravanna, was born in Kentucky, July 22, 1842, and is a son of Will- 
 iam P. and Louisa (Lowry) Shipley, natives of East Tennessee, who 
 died in Clark County, Iowa, in February, 1881, and the State of Ken- 
 tucky in 1848, respectively. John L. attended an academy when 
 fourteen years old, which was taught by Prof. George T. Carpenter, 
 now president of Drake University, Iowa. Here he studied four 
 years, during which time he began the study of medicine. In July, 
 
 1862, his studies were interrupted by his enlistment in the Twenty- 
 third Iowa, in which he served three years. After 364 days' service as 
 a private, on account of courage and valiant conduct at Black River 
 Bridge, Miss., he was promoted to the first lieutenancy, June 17, 
 
 1863, which position he filled with fidelity until the close of the war. 
 He participated in every battle in which his regiment was engaged. 
 After his return home he resumed the study of bis chosen profession 
 at Rush Medical College, Chicago, and after completing his profes- 
 sional education he located in Trenton, Grundy Co., Mo. Here he 
 enjoyed a large practice for ten years, although during the last two 
 years of his residence he was unable to attend to his business on 
 account of rheumatism. In 1876 he moved with his family to Mercer 
 County, Mo., and has since resided in the town of Ravanna. 
 Although he has had many worthy competitors, Dr. Shipley has had 
 good success, and is now one of the leading physicians and sui-geons 
 of the county, enjoying a large and lucrative practice. September 
 25, 1865, he was united in marriage to Bertha E. Richey, a daughter 
 of John D. Richey, a pioneer settler of Iowa. To this union eight 
 children were born, seven now living: Edgar P., Cora M., Bessie, 
 Glen D., Flora E., Claude Jay and Bert C. Dr. Shipley is a 
 member of the A. F. &. A. M., and his wife is a member of the 
 Christian Church. While in Grundy County Dr. Shipley was quite 
 prominent in politics, and frequently takes an active interest in the 
 same in Mercer County. 
 
 Israel Smith is a son of Nathaniel and Nancy (Hill) Smith, and 
 was born in Greene County, Penn., October 17, 1812. His father was 
 of German descent, and born in Tyler County, Va., in 1785. His occu- 
 pation was that of farming, and at the age of twenty-five he went to 
 Greene County, Penn. , where he was married to Nancy Hill, and in 
 the fall of 1816 immigrated to Knox County, Ohio, where he died 
 October 17, 1830. The mother was of English descent, born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1795, and died October 2, 1867, in Mei-cer County, 
 Mo. She was the mother of eleven children of whom Israel is the 
 
744 MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 second. He was foui- years old when the family moved to Ohio, and 
 lived at home until the age of twenty. In May, 1831, he married 
 Miss Eebecca Arbuckle, a native of Pennsylvania, born September 2, 
 1807. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith eleven children have been born, eight 
 of whom are living: Israel F., John L., Nancy, Margaret (wife of E. 
 J. Abrahams), Eebecca (wife of Berry Eose), Mary M. (wife of Noah 
 Carter), William J. and Julia B. Mr. Smith lived in Knox and 
 Franklin Counties, Ohio, until 1840, and then settled below Prince- 
 ton, Mercer Co., Mo. In 1846 he entered eighty acres of his'present 
 farm, which at one time contained 770 acres, but now consists of 490. 
 He is an old settler of the county, and when he first came here was 
 obliged to go to Chillicothe for his mail and to Trenton to mill. In 
 1850 he made a five months' trip to California driving an ox team. He 
 remained there about nine months, and then returned by land on 
 muleback, ninety days being consumed in the journey. In 1862 he 
 again went to California, and in 1853 made the return trip in sixty- 
 six days, which made the third time he traveled the distance uf)on 
 the same mule. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fifth 
 Kansas Cavalry, for three years. He was in the battles at Drywood, 
 Morristown and numerous skirmishes, and was finally discharged at 
 Helena, after a year's service. Before the war he was a Democrat, 
 and cast his presidential vote for Jackson in 1832, but since the war 
 has been a Eepublican. Mr. Smith lost his wife March 24, 1885, 
 and his descendants consist of eleven children, forty-nine grandchil- 
 dren and twenty great-grandchildren. 
 
 Isaac K. Smith was born in Davie County, N. C. , in the year 1821, 
 and is a son of Arthur and Mary (Ellis) Smith. The father was of 
 English and German descent, and born in North Carolina about 1790, 
 where he was married in 1815 and died in 1828. He was a farmer by 
 occupation, and a soldier in the War of 1812. His wife was also a 
 native of North Carolina, born in 1792 and died in 1861. Isaac K. 
 Smith is one of a family of five children, three of whom are liv- 
 ing. He was but seven years of age at the time of his father's death, 
 and in 1830 accompanied his mother to Wayne County, Ind. In 
 1883 his mother became the wife of Jesse Ellis, who died in Madison 
 County, Ind. , whither he had moved in 1835. Isaac remained with 
 his mother until his marriage May 16, 1847, to Miss Clarinda 
 Mui'phy, who was born in Ohio in 1830, and was the mother of the 
 following six children : Leroy (deceased) ; Monroe, Alonzo (deceased), 
 John, Mary (wife of Jacob Coon) and "William. Mr. Smith lost his 
 wife July 22, 1862, and December 14, 1862, married Miss Catherine 
 
 I 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 745 
 
 Scliwinn, who was born in Hosse Darmstadt, Germany, in 1841, and 
 came to America in 1860. To thi.s union nine children have been 
 born: Efifie (deceased), Sarah Ann (wife of Gilbert Pittman), Charles, 
 Ida, Isaac (deceased), Amos, Minnie, Drue and Bessie. In 1868 
 Mr. Smith immigrated to Mercer County, Mo. , where he bought 240 
 acres of land in Section 1, Township 64, Range 14, upon which he 
 moved, and where he has since resided engaged in farming and stock 
 raising and keeping on an average of forty head of stock. He is a 
 Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for Polk in 1844. 
 
 Aaron Smith is a son of Jonathan and Catherine (Stafford) Smith, 
 and was born in Franklin County, Ind. , in 1828. The father was of 
 Irish and Dutch descent, born in Tennessee in 1805, and when three 
 years old was taken to Kentucky. In his youth he went to Franklin 
 County, Ind., where he was mamed, and from which place he emi- 
 grated to Daviess County, Mo. , in the fall of 1840, where he now 
 resides. He has been a Baptist minister since 1844; for a few years 
 had charge of three churches, and for many years had charge of two. 
 Owing to ill health he has not been actively engaged in his ministerial 
 duties of late years. For ioivc years he served his township as justice 
 of the peace. His wife is of English descent, was born in Kentucky 
 in 1804, and died in 1876. Aaron is the second of a family of eleven 
 children, all of whom lived to maturity. When twelve years old he 
 was taken by his parents to Daviess County, Mo., with whom he con- 
 tinued to live until of age. In November, 1849, he married Miss 
 Eliza Jane Mitchell, who was born in Indiana in 1829, and by whom 
 he has had five children: John W., Sarah L. (wife of Henry Davis), 
 William F., Jonathan D. and Mary C. In 1852 be went overland to 
 California, the trip occupying three months, and when there worked 
 in mines and upon a ranch for $110 per month. In 1853 he returned 
 to Missouri, and purchased 164 acres in Harrison County. In 1863 he 
 went to Marion County, Iowa, and in 1865 came to Mercer County, 
 Mo., where he settled in Morgan Township, and in 1865 bought 197 
 acres of land where he now resides. He is a Democrat, and cast his 
 first presidential vote for Pierce in 1852. Mr. Smith lost his first wife 
 on July 18, 1860, and August 29, 1861, married Miss Clarinda Agnes 
 McG — . Mrs. Smith was born in Callaway County, Mo., in 1834, and 
 to her and Mr. Smith the following children have been born: Frances 
 Jane, David Madison, Benjamin Lockhart and George W. Mrs. 
 Smith and two sons are members of the Christian Church, and Mr. 
 Smith belongs to the Masonic fraternity, of which he is a member of 
 the Blue Lodge. 
 
 47 
 
746 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 John Snyder was born February 3, 1815, in Whitley County, Ky. , 
 and is a son of Jacob and Anna Snyder, both natives of Virginia, who, ' 
 a short time after their marriage, settled in Whitley County, Ky. At 
 that time they had two sons and one daughter, having lost one daugh- 
 ter while on their journey, whom they buried near Cumberland Gap. 
 They entered 113 acres of land upon the banks of the Cumberland 
 Kiver, out of which they proceeded to make a home. One of the ear- 
 liest memories of John Snyder is the drowning of his father in the 
 Cumberland River, while in bathing with his sons. Although John 
 was but three years old at the time, the sad sight was vividly stamped 
 upon his mind. The family was left in but poor circumstances, but the 
 mother managed to keep the family together, and rear her children 
 on the farm. John received but a meager education during his youth, 
 as his services were required upon the farm, and he remembers often 
 working for neighbors all day for a half -bushel of corn. He remained 
 with his mother until his marriage to Diana M. , daughter of William 
 Brown, of Whitley County, Ky., October 29, 1839. This union was 
 blessed with three sons: William H., bom November 15, 1840; James 
 M. , born September 4, 1843, and Zachariah T. , born February 15, 
 1848. In 1850 Mr. Snyder sold his property in Kentucky, and with 
 a wagon dravra by three yoke of oxen started westward. In forty- 
 four days he arrived in Mercer County, Mo. , October 24, 1850. He 
 found the country sparsely settled, but untroubled by the Indians, 
 who had but a short time previous been driven away. Here he pur- 
 chased eighty acres of land, upon which was a log cabin, and into this 
 moved his family. He entered 240 acres adjoining his purchase, 
 which he improved, and then turned his entire attention to farming, 
 in which he was successful. Here three more children were born: 
 Emily E., born February 26, 1853; George M., born August 26, 
 1857, and Doctor F., born August 1, 1862. The eldest son afterward 
 died in the service of the Union army. Sir. Snyder did not serve in 
 the army, as he was exempt on account of poor health, but he aided 
 the Union cause all he could at home. He has always been interested 
 in the progress and welfare of his county, and after the war was 
 elected to the presidency of the board of the county court, over which 
 he presided about iifteen years, during which time there was always 
 money enough in the treasury to pay all just claims. In 1875 he was 
 admitted to the bar, and has since followed the legal profession. In 
 politics he is a Republican in principle, but holds principles higher 
 than party triumphs, and votes for the man he thinks best for the 
 position. He is regarded as one of the leading men in the promotion 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 747 
 
 of the welfare of the county, and was the means of having the railroad 
 built through same. He is an enterprising and highly respected citi- 
 zen, and himself and wife are blessed with a large circle of admiring 
 friends. 
 
 Hezekiah Snyder was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., March 
 25, 1825, and is a son of Peter and Lydia (Kow) Snyder, also natives 
 of Westmoreland County, Penn., and born in 1794 and 1805, respect- 
 ively. The father was a carpenter by trade, but owned a farm in 
 Pennsylvania which he had cultivated, and which he sold in 1868, and 
 while upon a visit to Missouri, in 1866, he determined to end his days 
 in this State. His death occurred at the residence of his son in 1869. 
 His father, Mathias Snyder, was a native of Pennsylvania, and a sol- 
 dier in the War of 1812. Lydia (Kow) Snyder returned to Westmore- 
 land County, Penn., after the death of her husband, and although 
 advanced in years still retains her faculties and enjoys good health. 
 For some time she has been visiting her son in Mercer County. She 
 is a member of the German Reformed Church, as was also her hus- 
 band. Hezekiah is the eldest of a family of nine children, seven of 
 whom are living. His early education was received at the common 
 schools of Pennsylvania, and he lived with his parents until twenty- 
 one years of age. He then engaged in the stable business until his 
 removal to Green County, Wis. , where he lived two years. Since 
 his residence in Mercer County, where he came in 1857, he has been 
 engaged in farming and stock raising, and makes a specialty of horses. 
 He owns 220 acres of good land, which, under his care, has been 
 greatly improved. When he left Wisconsin his intention was to locate 
 in Kansas, bat on account of the trouble there at that time he stopped 
 in Missouri, at which time his earthly possessions consisted of a team 
 and wagon. In 1847 he married Lucy Painter, a native of Westmore- 
 land County, Penn., born in 1825. Her father was also a native of 
 that county, and died in Mercer County, Mo., in May, 1886, aged 
 eighty-four. To Mr. and Mrs. Snyder ten children have been born, 
 all living and all married save one: Elijah, Alexander H. , Diana, 
 Eliza J., John B., Lida A., Lydia E., Agnes M., George W. (unmar- 
 ried) and Mary V. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder are members of the Pres- 
 byterian Chiu-ch, although formerly they belonged to the German 
 Reformed. He is a stanch Republican, and himself and wife are 
 highly respected and esteemed citizens. 
 
 James M. Snyder was born in Whitley County, Ky. , September 4, 
 1843, and is a son of John and Diana Snyder, natives of Kentucky, 
 who immigrated to Mercer County, Mo., in 1850, bringing with them 
 
748 MEBCEK COUNTY. 
 
 three sons: TVilliam H. H. , Zachaiias I. and James M. The latter 
 remained at home with his parents and engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 until his marriage with Mrs. Sarah J. Graham, widow of John Gra- 
 ham, and a daughter of AVilliam Alley, of Mercer County. This mar- 
 riage occurred December 6, 1868, and Mr. Snyder immediately moved 
 upon his own farm. Mr. Snyder is the owner of eighty acres of land, 
 well improved and cultivated, considerable town property, and also 
 has a hotel and a blacksmith shop. He has never had any children 
 of his own, but adopted a little girl, who is known by the name of 
 Birdie M. Snyder, who is being educated and well cared for by her 
 adopted parents. She is a daughter of George Persons, and was born 
 October 31, 1874. While her parents were making an overland journey 
 in a wagon her mother was thrown from the wagon and killed. Mr. 
 Snyder is an enterprising citizen, and a Republican in politics. He 
 is a public-spirited man, and a liberal supporter of laudable public 
 enterprises. 
 
 William and David Speer, president and cashier, respectively, of 
 the Bank of Princeton, and dealers in hardware, farm implements, 
 stoves, sewing machines, etc., founded their present extensive busi- 
 ness in Princeton in the spring of 1871. Their father, John Speer, 
 was born in South Carolina in 1810, and was married in Ohio to Nancy 
 Stanfield, who afterward died in that State. The father afterward 
 married Jane Stevens in Ohio, of which union there is one surviving 
 daughter. To his first marriage three sons were born, of whom two 
 are now living. John Speer died in Lee County, Iowa, in 1856. His 
 paternal grandfather emigrated from Ireland to South Carolina, in 
 which State the family lived for many years. William and David 
 Speer were born to their father's first maiTiage, and are natives of 
 Greene County, Ohio, where they were born August 19, 1834, and 
 January 3, 1840, respectively. They were principally reared in their 
 native county, but in 1850 accompanied their parents to Lee County, 
 Iowa. William, who was the eldest son of the family, soon after en- 
 gaged in the mercantile business at Centreville, Iowa, a few years, 
 and in 1862 located at Ravanna, Mercer Co., Mo., where he engaged 
 in the mercantile and live stock trade until 1868. He was then elected 
 sheriff of the county, which office he filled two terms of two years 
 each with efficiency and credit, and after the expiration of same he 
 became identified with the banking interests of Princeton, and also a 
 partner in the hardware firm of Speer Bros, since 1871. In 1858 
 he married Phcebe A. Lantz, a native of Wayne County, Ind. , by 
 whom two sons and two daughters were born: John C. (deceased). 
 
 I 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 749 
 
 Clifford E., Maggie and Jessie. Mrs. Speer died July 10, 1885. Mr. 
 Speer is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the I. O. O. F. and A. 0. 
 U. W. David Speer, the second subject of this sketch, returned to 
 Ohio to complete his education, and two years later embarked in the 
 mercantile business at Corydon, Iowa, where he remained until 1864. 
 He then came to Princeton, and engaged in business two years, after 
 which he resided in Ottumwa, Iowa, until 1871. He then returned to 
 Princeton, and has since had control of the business interests of Speer 
 Bros. In 1862 he married Julia F. Graves, a native of Iowa, by whom 
 three sons and two daughters have been born. One son is now 
 deceased. MJr. David Speer was a member of the county court in 1885 
 and 1886, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. 
 
 John J. Stanley was born in Chariton County, Mo., August 30, 
 1842, and is a son of Duncan E. and Elizabeth Frances (Wilkerson) 
 Stanley, natives of Cooper County, Mo. , and Virginia, respectively. 
 Jonathan R. Stanley, the grandfather of John J., was one of the pio- 
 neer settlers of Missouri, and located in Boone County, about 1815. 
 Duncan R.' moved to Mercer County in 1844, and settled seven 
 miles southeast of Princeton upon a claim where he resided, success- 
 fully engaging in farming iintil 1865. He then removed to Linn 
 County, where he died in July, 1887, in his sixty-seventh year, leav- 
 ing a widow and the following children : John J. ; Eva, wife of Enslow 
 Gose, of Linn County, Mo. ; Virginia Frances, wife of G. P. Lammore 
 of Mill Grove; Louisa P., Colman C. and Louis R. John J. spent 
 his youth upon his father's farm, and received a good common-school 
 education. Upon the breaking out of the war he enlisted in Company 
 D, Second Missouri Volunteer Cavalry known as Merrill's Horse, and 
 served four years and three months, during which time he was first a 
 private and then a non-commissioned ofiScer. After the cessation of 
 hostilities he engaged in farming in Mercer County until 1874, and 
 then engaged in the mercantile business at Mill Grove successfully, 
 until 1876. He then served as constable until 1880, dm-ing which 
 time he was interested in stock trading, which business he afterward 
 continued in connection with his farming until November, 1886. In 
 1880 he was also census eniimerator. In 1886 he was elected sheriff 
 by the Republicans, of which party he is a stanch member, and is now 
 discharging the duties of that office with general satisfaction. He is 
 Junior Vice -Commander of the G. A. R., Capt. Stanley Post, No. 79, 
 and is one of the most enterprising and respected citizens of the 
 county. Himself and wife are members of the Christian Union Church. 
 
 R. W. Steckman, attorney of Princeton, was admitted to the Mer- 
 
750 MERCEE COUNTY. 
 
 cer County bar in 1880, but being elected probate judge, January, 
 1879, he did not practice his profession until the expiration of his term 
 of office, January 1, 1887. He was born in Bedford County, Penn. , 
 November 30, 1849, and educated and principally reared in Brown 
 County, 111. In the spring of 1872 he came to Mercer County, Mo., 
 whither his parents had preceded him in the fall of 1871. In 1874 
 he returned to Brown County, 111. , and there married Melvina Harris, 
 a native of that county. He subsequently taught school in Mercer 
 and Grundy Counties during the winter seasons, and devoted his time 
 to agricultural pursuits during the summer seasons, until he was 
 elected probate judge. To Mr. and Mrs. Steckman two sons and 
 three daughters have been born. Mr. Steckman is a worthy member 
 of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to the I. O. O. F. He is the 
 eldest child of a family of four sons and three daughters (two now 
 deceased) born to Philip and Mary (Kerr) Steckman , natives of Bed- 
 ford County, Penn., and born in 1813 and 1820, respectively, where 
 they were married. The father died in Grundy County, Mo., in 1880, 
 and the mother is at present a resident of Trenton, Mo. The paternal 
 grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Henry Steckman, immigrated 
 to America fi-om Germany, and died in Pennsylvania. 
 
 John W. Stockman was born in Bourbon County, Ky. , January 7, 
 1831, and reared in Putnam County, Ind. His father, Francis Stock- 
 man was born in England in March, 1788, and about 1820 immigrated 
 to the United States, and permanently located in Bourbon County, Ky. , 
 although he was married in Montgomery County, Ky., to Sallie A. 
 Kelly. After his marriage he lived in Bourbon County, Ky. , about 
 twelve years. Mr. and Mrs. Stockman then moved to Putnam County, 
 Ind. , upon a farm, where they lived until 1837, when they removed to 
 Mercer County, Mo., where their deaths occurred December 15, 1859, 
 and March 6, 1872, respectively. John W. lived with his parents 
 until his marriage in Putnam County, Ind., in March, 1857, to 
 Eebecca Lewis, daughter of Absalom Lewis, and a native of Decatur 
 County, Ind. To Mr. and Mrs. Stockman eight children have been 
 born, of whom all save one are now living: Frances Lewis, Edward E., 
 Mary J. , Martha A. , Horace G. , Harriet E. and John W. After his 
 marriage Mr. Stockman immediately went to Kansas in search of a 
 home, leaving his wife with his father and mother. After three 
 months' absence he returned to Putnam County, Ind. , and a short time 
 afterward his parents and himself and wife removed to Mercer County, 
 Mo. He then settled upon his present farm, which contains 460 acres 
 of well improved land, upon which he is successfully engaged in farm- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APrENDIS. 751 
 
 ing and stock raising. He is a Republican, and has been a member 
 of the Masonic fraternity since twenty-one years of age. His wife is 
 a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 William M. Summers was born July IS, 1S33, in Jefferson 
 County, Tenn. His father, Manering Summers, and his mother, Ma- 
 hala, were natives of North Carolina and Tennessee, respectively, and 
 man'ied in Tennessee, afterward making their home in Jefferson 
 County. When William M. was fifteen years old he accompanied his 
 parents to Burlington, Iowa, living in that State about five years. 
 He then moved to Mercer County, Mo. , where he married Catherine 
 C. Bryan, daughter of Allen A. Bryan, by whom seven children were 
 born, five now living, and two married and residents of Missouri. 
 When he first came to Mercer County Mi'. Summers entered 120 acres of 
 land one mile west of the present site of Lineville, but has since added 
 to his possession until now he is the owner of 410 acres of good land, 
 and also owns nine town lots in Somerset, Mercer County. He is 
 engaged in the drug business in Lineville just over the Missoui-i line, 
 and is one of the enterprising and energetic business men of the 
 place, carrying a stock of goods valued at about 13,000. He is a 
 member of Somerset Lodge, No. 206, in Masonry, and in politics 
 is a Eepublican. 
 
 J. W. Thompson was born March 29, 1839, in that portion of 
 Livingston ten-itory which is now Grundy County, Mo. He is the 
 eldest of a family of three children born to Patrick Henry and Letitia 
 (Thompson) Thompson. His parents were cousins, and natives of 
 Tazewell County, Va. They accompanied their respective parents to 
 Ray County, Mo., when children, and in 1833 moved with them to 
 the northwestern part of what is now Grundy County. Dr. Will- 
 iam P. Thompson, our subject's grandfather, was the first physician 
 in that region, and built the first cabin in Grundy County. There 
 the parents of J. W. were married. The father died in 18-44, and the 
 mother afterward became the wife of Thomas Holman, by whom she had 
 five children, none now living. Her death occurred October 10, 1859. 
 J. W'. Thompson attended school about three months during hia 
 youth at the primitive log schoolhouse of the neighborhood, and at 
 the age of seventeen was apprenticed to learn the blacksmith's trade 
 of O. G. Newton, at Edinbiirg, Mo. After two and a half years' 
 apprenticeship he began to travel, covering a good deal of land in 
 the west and east. He served some time as a boat hand upon a 
 steamer which ran on the Lower Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and 
 then became overseer of the farm of John Martin at Hawesville, 
 
752 
 
 MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 Ky. His next move was to Missouri, where he resided in La Fayette 
 County some time. He then made his home in Eay County with 
 Barney Cravens until the commencement of the war, when he entered 
 the militia under Capt. Sacrey. In the spring of 1862 he enlisted 
 in Company K, Twenty-eighth Missouri Infantry, United States Army, 
 from which he was transferred to Company F, Tenth Missouri Cavalry. 
 He was discharged in December, 1862, on account of disability, and 
 in August of that year returned to Grundy County. He farmed in 
 Grundy County until 1874, and then bought a farm in the south- 
 west portion of Mercer County, upon which he moved and lived 
 four years. He then moved upon his present farm in Madison Town- 
 ship, which he had piu'chased, and upon which he has since resided. 
 This farm contains 172 acres of good land, which is the result of indus- 
 try and good management on the part of Mr. Thompson. August 9, 
 1863, Mr. Thompson married Julia, daughter of Thomas Jefferson and 
 Sarah Bryan. Mrs. Thompson was born February 6, 1841, in Ill- 
 inois, and from there moved with her parents to Du Bois County, Ind. , 
 where she was afterward married. Mr. Thompson is a successful and 
 respected citizen, and in politics is a Democrat. At one time he 
 was nominated by acclamation by his party for the county judgeship, 
 and although he ran ahead of his ticket, the county is so largely Repub- 
 lican that he was defeated. He cast his first presidential vote for 
 Stephen A. Douglas, and has always been a hearty and active supporter 
 of his party. 
 
 James A. Thompson was born March 7, 1852, in Mercer County, 
 Mo. , and is a son of Isaac D . and Mary J. (Sorrell) Thompson. After 
 coming to Mercer County, Mo. , the father resided upon a farm in the 
 southwestern part of the county near Modena, and in connection with 
 his farming was a successful practicing physician and surgeon until 
 his death. The mother and the following children survive him: 
 Ann E. (wife of George K. Cox of Albia, Iowa), Martha F. (widow 
 of Dr. A. H. May, late of Princeton), Nancy M. , James A. and George 
 R., physician of Princeton. James A. was reared and educated in 
 his native county, and being fitted to teach engaged in that vocation 
 during four years of his early life in the schools of Mercer County. 
 He then engaged in the mercantile business at Modena for two 
 years or until he was elected, in 1878, clerk of the circuit court, and 
 ex officio recorder of Mercer County. For two terms of four years 
 each be officiated in that capacity in a faithful and efficient manner, 
 and in November, 1886, was elected collector of the county, the 
 duties of which oifice he is discharging in an able manner. He is 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 753 
 
 identified with the Eepublican party. February 19, 1882, he was 
 united in marriage with Sarah E. Morrow, a native of Caldwell 
 County, Mo., by whom one son, William, has been born. Mr. 
 Thompson is the present Chief Patriarch of the I. O. O. F., a mem- 
 ber of the A. O. U. W. , and one of the entei-prising citizens of Mercer 
 County. 
 
 George Richard Thompson, M. D. , is a native of Mercer County, 
 Mo., and was born November 27, 1854. He is a son of Isaac D. 
 Thompson [see sketch of James A.. Thompson], and was reared to 
 manhood in his native county. He was educated at the State Univer- 
 sity of Columbia, Mo., and at the age of twenty-four began the study 
 of medicine with his brother, the late Dr. John T. Thompson, of 
 Modena. Later he attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 at Keokuk, Iowa, from which institution he graduated in 1882. He 
 began the practice of his profession at Modena, and in March, 1884, 
 removed to Princeton, where he has met with well-deserved success, 
 and controls a large and lucrative practice. During a fire which 
 occurred at Princeton February 4, 1885, he sustained some severe 
 injuries which compelled him to abandon his practice for about a year, 
 and he consequently engaged in the drug business, in which he has 
 also been successful. He is now in partnership with J. L. Wyman, 
 and the firm is acknowledged as among the leading druggists of Mer- 
 cer County. He is a Royal Ai-ch Mason, a Democrat in politics, and 
 one of the well-to-do and respected citizens of Mercer County. 
 
 Amos Twadell was born October 4, 1818, in Jefferson Coiinty, Ind. , 
 and is a son of James and Anna (Risley) Twadell. The father was 
 born in County Londonderry, Ireland, in 1774, and when a year old 
 was brought by his father, Daniel Twadell, to America. The latter 
 was in the Revolutionary War for six years in Gen. Gates' division, 
 and when Gates was relieved he served under Gen. Green till the 
 close of the war. James Twadell lived in Massachusetts until twenty- 
 three years old, and then went to Genesee County, N. Y. In 1801 
 he married, and in 1817 moved to Jefferson County, Ind. In 1835 he 
 moved to Jennings County in the same State, where he died in 1856, 
 aged eighty-four. He served one year and three months in the War 
 of 1812, and was in the battles of Queenstown and Bridgewater; his 
 occupation was that of farming. The mother was of Welsh descent, 
 born in New Hampshire in 1788, and died November 8, 1882. Amos 
 Twadell was the second of a family of eight chOdi'en, and lived with 
 his parents until twenty-two years old, receiving a common-school 
 education during his youth. In 1835 he accompanied his parents to 
 
754 MERCEB COUNTY. 
 
 Jennings Coianty, and was there married September 3, 1843, to Miss 
 Tina Kennedy, who was born in Delaware County, N. Y. , August 1)., 
 1822. To this union thirteen children were born, only five of whom 
 are living: Isaiah; Alfonso, a farmer of Harrison County; Almira, 
 wife of John W. Moore; John, a lumberman of Colorado, and Lyda, 
 wife of Monroe Milliner, of Lyon County, Kas. In 1851 Mr. Twadell 
 immigrated to Mercer County, Mo., and the same year entered 120 
 acres of land, where he has since made his residence. He now owns 
 125 acres, and has a good and comfortable home. He is an old citizen 
 of the county and highly respected. He possesses a wonderful mem- 
 ory, and remembers dates and occurrences with accuracy. In politics 
 he is a Republican, and cast his first presidential vote for Van Buren 
 in 1840. He served his township as school director of his home dis- 
 trict for twenty- four years, and during the war served two years in 
 the State Militia. Himself and wife have been members of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church over forty years. 
 
 H. E. Wayman, owner and proprietor of Grand River Nursery 
 and Fruit Farm, situated three miles north of Princeton, and Edin- 
 burg Nursery, located at Edinburg, Grundy Co., Mo., four miles 
 west of Trenton, is a native of Seneca County, Ohio, and was born 
 October 1, 1848. His parents, John and Mary (Smith) Wayman, 
 were born in Woods County, Ohio, in 1881, and in Maryland, in 1813, 
 respectively. In 1854 they moved to Keokuk County, Iowa, where 
 the mother died in 1856. In 1865 the father moved to Yam Hill 
 County, Oreg., and in 1870 he died in Washington County, Oreg. 
 H. K. Wayman is the seventh of a family of ten children, and was six 
 years old when taken to Iowa. He received a common- school educa- 
 tion, and began business for himself at the age of fifteen years by hir- 
 ing to work on a farm at $12 per month. In the spring of 1867 he 
 worked his passage across the plains to the " Rockies " on an ox- train, 
 by driving one of the teams and walking all the way. He spent two 
 years in Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico, teaming and mining. 
 In 1869 he returned to Mercer County, and began work in his nursery, 
 which he and his brother, S. M. , established in 1868. The firm was 
 known as Wayman Bros. In 1883 he bought a farm in Grundy County 
 near Edinburg, and established a nursery there. About 60, 000 trees 
 are kept growing in this nui'sery to supply the trade. In April, 1888, 
 he bought his brother' s interest in both land and nursery stock, and 
 up to this date has been the sole owner and proprietor. He has been 
 very successful in his enterprise, and is well acquainted with the best 
 methods of fruit growing and tree planting. The Grand River Nursery 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 755 
 
 and Fniit Farm contains 346 acres. The nursery is the only one in 
 the county. The stock in both nurseries comprises about 125,000 
 apple trees, with a porportionate amount of general nursery stock. 
 April 24, 1870, he married Miss Josephine, Johnson, who was born in 
 Rushville, 111., in 1852. The names of their children are Lula, 
 Herbert, Estelle, Olave and Inez. Mr. and Mrs. Wayman are 
 Seventh-day Baptists, and in politics the former is Independent. 
 
 Lafayette G. Wells was born in McMinn County, Tenn., August 
 25, 1832, and immigi-ated to Illinois with his parents in early child- 
 hood, locating in Adams County in 1834. He remained with his 
 father until 1858, when he was married to Caroline Cunningham, by 
 whom three sons and one daughter were born, all of whom lived to 
 maturity. After his marriage Mr. Wells moved upon a farm in 
 Adams County, 111. , upon which he lived about sixteen years, subse- 
 quently moving to Hancock County, 111. He was a hearty and loyal 
 Union man during the war, but did not participate in any engage- 
 ments of importance. He lost his wife in 1869, and in 1871 was 
 united in marriage with Nancy A. Hart, by whom one daughter and 
 one son were born, now aged seventeen and twelve, respectively. In 
 1876 he immigrated to Mercer County, Mo., and now owns 200 
 acres of land upon which he resides, engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits. Two daughters and one son are married and living near him, 
 and two of his children make their home with him. The family 
 ranks among the well-to-do and respected citizens of the township. 
 
 William Whitestine was born April 13, 1828, in the State of Ohio. 
 He is the youngest of a family of five children, and his father, Edward 
 Whitestine, a native of Ohio, died before William was born. He lost 
 his mother also when but two years old, and then made his home with 
 his maternal grandfather until seven years old. He was then bound 
 out to John Husman in Hawkins County, with whom he lived until of 
 age, although he was never allowed to attend school to any extent. 
 He then worked as a farm hand until 1852, and in the spring of that 
 year in company with six men started with some oxen and wagons for 
 the distant California. After a journey of five months, he arrived at 
 a place in that State called Seventy-six, and from there went to Pine 
 Grove City. He then worked in the mines in California and Nevada 
 four years, at the expiration of which time he returned east, and 
 located in Huntington County, Ind. October 26, 1856, he was united 
 in marriage with Hannah, daughter of John and Hannah (Washy) 
 Beaver, at the residence of her brother, Henry Beaver. Mrs. Whites- 
 tine was born in Preble County, Ohio, and moved with her parents to 
 
756 MEECEK COUNTY. 
 
 Fayette County, Ind. , when a child, later living in Huntington County, 
 Ind. She is the mother of seven children, five of whom are living: 
 Louisa (wife of Jesse Norton), Simon, Edith Jane (wife of Filmore 
 Thompson), Sarah Elizabeth and Mary Emeline. For three years 
 after his marriage ilr. Whitestine lived with his brother-in-law, John 
 Beaver, and then located upon a small tract of his own in Union 
 Township, Huntington Co., Ind. In March, 1867, he moved to Chilli- 
 cothe, Mo. , biit very shortly continued his journey, and settled upon 
 a farm in Mercer County, Mo., where he has since resided. "WhUe 
 in California Mr. Whitestine accumulated a considerable amount of 
 money, but, as he loaned it without security, when he returned to 
 Indiana he had nothing to show for his toil of several years. He, how- 
 ever, possessed a courageous spirit and a determination to surmount 
 his troubles, and upon coming to Missouri entered a forty-acre tract 
 in Mercer County, which he at once proceeded to clear and improve. 
 His industry has been rewarded, and he is now the owner of a fine 
 farm of 200 acres, which is under a good state of cultivation. He is 
 a Democrat in politics, and cast his first presidential vote for Franklin 
 Pierce in 1852. Himself, wife and daughters, Louisa (wife of Jerre 
 Norton) and Edith, are worthy members of the German Baptist 
 Church. 
 
 Green Wilson, an old settler of Mercer County, was born in Rock- 
 ingham County, N. C, in 1821, and is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth 
 (Mackey) Wilson. The father was of French descent, and born in the 
 same county and State in 1795, where he was man-ied, and lived until 
 1821. He then immigrated to Franklin County, Ind., and in 1843 
 came to Mercer County, Mo. , locating upon the place his son. Green, 
 now occupies, and where he died in 1872. During the Rebellion he 
 served in the State Militia. His wife was of Irish descent, born in 
 North Carolina in 1796, and died in 1870. Green Wilson is the 
 fourth of a family of ten childi'en, and was but eight weeks old when 
 taken to Indiana. At the age of fourteen he left the parental roof, 
 and was bound out until nineteen years of age, his earnings of those 
 years going to his parents. May 10, 1848, he went to Leavenworth, 
 Kas. , in search of work, and while there was stricken with cholera, 
 and for eighteen days his life hung, as it were, on a thread. Upon 
 his recovery he was employed by the Government to drive five yoke of 
 oxen across the plains to Sante Fe, N. M., with supplies, the entire 
 trip being made on foot. Upon his return he had about SlOO, with 
 which he purchased land where he now resides, upon which he has 
 since lived, and to which he had added through industry and economy 
 
BIOGRArHICAL APPENDIX. 757 
 
 until he now owns 160 acres of good land, although when he came to 
 Mercer County he had but 75 cents after purchasing his farm. In 
 that day he took great pleasure in hunting. He is now a successful 
 farmer and stock raiser, and enjoys the respect of the community. 
 In September, 1852, he married Miss Lucy Rogers, daughter of Allen P. 
 and Eliza Rogers, and a native of Bartholomew County, Ind. , born in 
 1829. This marriage has been blessed with eight children: Gilbert, 
 Isabelle (wife of Lyman Wilson), Samuel, Adolphus, Edward, Sher- 
 man, Alsworth and Vemecie. Mr. Wilson is a Republican in politics, 
 and cast his first presidential vote for Polk in 1844. During the 
 Rebellion he served onei year in the State Militia. 
 
 Elijah Woods, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Lincoln County, 
 Ky. , in 1840, and is a son of John and Henrietta (Dunn) Woods. 
 The father was of German descent, and born in Virginia in 1791. He 
 was left an orphan when a lad, and at the age of fourteen went to 
 Claiborne County, Tenn. , and was bound out to a blacksmith until of 
 age, after which he followed his trade until his death. After obtain- 
 ing his liberty he went to Pulaski County, Ky., where he was after- 
 ward married. He next removed to Lincoln County, and in 1864 
 went to Decatur County, Iowa. In 1866 he came to Mercer County, 
 Mo., where he died in 1867. His wife was born in Virginia, and sur- 
 vived him twelve years. She was the mother of three childi'en : Nich- 
 olas, Martha and Elijah, all of whom came to Missouri in 1866. In 
 March, 1878, Elijah married Miss Medora Copelan, daughter of 
 Charles C. and Eliza (Huff) Copelan. Mrs, Woods was born in Saline 
 County, Mo. , December 5, 1849, and to her union with Mr. Woods 
 two children, Ottie and Oscar, have been born. Upon coming to 
 Missouri jNIr. Woods purchased fifty-seven acres of land, to which he 
 has added until he owns 125 acres of good land, and is one of the 
 well-to-do farmers of the township. He is rather conservative in pol- 
 itics, but favors the Democratic part}', and for five years served as 
 constable of Harrison Township, of which he is considered a promi- 
 nent citizen. 
 
 C. B. Wyatt was born January 22, 1836, in Greene County, 111. , 
 and is a son of John and Mary A. (Disbiu-y) Wyatt. The father was 
 born in Kentucky in 1807, and when about fourteen years old accom - 
 panied his father to Madison County, 111. He afterward removed to 
 Greene County, 111., where, in 1826, he was man-ied. His death 
 occurred in Calhoun County, HI., July 30, 1849. The mother was 
 born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1810, on July 13, and is now in 
 her seventy-eighth year, and living with C. B. Wyatt. He lost his 
 
758 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 father ■when but two and a half years old, and since the age of ten has 
 • been the help and main dependence of his mother. He accompanied 
 her to Grundy County, Mo., in 1838, and settled upon a farm where 
 he remained until July, 18-46. He then came to Mercer County, and 
 located upon a farm one and one-half miles distant from his present 
 place. He now owns 291 acres of land all except ten acres finely 
 improved and cultivated, and upon which he is engaged in farming 
 and stock raising. He was mairied in Mercer County, November 22, 
 1859, to Sarah L. Kieth, daughter of A. E. and Caroline Kieth, pio- 
 neer settlers of Mercer County. To Mr. and Mrs. Wyatt nine children 
 have been born: Julius L., Mary F. (wife of George Beck), Henry F., 
 William D., Wade H., Laura, James M. , Eliza and Alonzo. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Wyatt are members of the Christian Church, and rank among 
 the old respected citizens of the county. Mr. Wyatt has never held 
 public office, although until twelve years ago he was a stanch Demo- 
 crat; since that time he has remained neutral. He is greatly opposed 
 to the use of intoxicating liquors, and is interested in educational and 
 philanthropic enterprises. 
 
 J. L. Wynne was born in Grundy County, Mo., April 24, 1857, 
 and is a son of Thomas P. and Lucinda (Ford) Wynne, natives, re- 
 spectively, of Virginia and Howard County, Mo. The father immi- 
 grated to Missouri in the fall of 1839, and engaged in farming in 
 Grundy County until 1865. He then manufactured and sold shoes at 
 Gallatin, Mo., until his death in 1877. The mother died April 7, 
 1868, and was the mother of nine children, six of whom are now liv- 
 ing: William A., Kate M. (wife of F. H. McDougal), J. L., Eobert 
 R. , John D. and Frank P. J. L. Wynne began his business career as 
 a clerk in a di-ug store in 1868, and afterward went into the same 
 business upon his own account in Lorraine, Harrison Co., Mo., in 
 1877. He next removed to Edinburg, Grundy County, and in 1879 
 came to Princeton and clerked for Dr. Buren until 1865. He then 
 went into the drug business with Dr. G. E. Thompson, with whom he 
 has succeeded in establishing a good and profitable business. May 
 16, ] 882, he married Miss May B. Cochran, a native of Indiana, but a 
 resident of Princeton. Mr. Wynne is a Democrat in politics. He is 
 a member of the Encampment of the L O. O. F. , and Princeton Canton 
 No. 2, and has filled all offices in the lodge, except in the latter. His 
 paternal grandfather (with whom his father came to Missouri), Minor 
 Wynne, was a successful and well-known citizen of Grundy County, 
 Mo., and died in 1880, aged seventy-eight. 
 
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