s(\ mi y OUR SUMMER RETREATS. A HAND BOOK To all the Chief Waterfalls, Springs, Mountain and Sea -side Resorts, and other Places of Interest in the United States. VIEWS TAKEN FROM SKETCHES BY WASHINGTON FRIEND, ESQ. AND FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. OuK coiTNTRr ! — 'tis a glorious land I "With broad arms stretched from shore to shore. The proud Pacific chafes her strand. She hears the dark Atlantic roar ; And, nurtured on her ample breast. How many a goodly prospect lies. In Nature's wildest grandeur dressed, Euumelled with her loveliest dyes 1 Rich prairies, decked with flow Like sunlit oceans, roll afar ; i of gold. Broad lakes her azure heavens behold. Reflecting clear each trembling star ; And mighty rivers, mnuntain-bom. Go sweeping onward, dark and deep. Through forests where the bounding fawn Beneath their sheltering branches leap. And, cradled 'mid her clustering hills. Sweet vales in dream-like beauty hide, "Where Love the air with music fills. And calm Content and Peace abide. W. J. PABODBB. / Kffaj ©ovfe: '^.' vV T. NELSON AND SONS, 131, NASSAU STREET. Ki Tinr-n ^ttt •irom the joyous animation that seems to pervade society in general. We would not dare to utter a word that would seem in the smallest degree to undervalue the efficacy of these waters. Fresh air, rural scenes, exercise and exciting excursions, cheerful society, total relaxa- tion from business, — these may have something (a very little, perhaps) to do with the restoration of invalids and the invigorating of the healthy ; but the mineral waters are the great panacea for all the ills the flesh is heir to, —so say the doctors, and so think the patients, doubt- less, else they would not drink so perseverin^ly at these fountains. The diseases that are cured by the waters of the Saratoga Springs are almost innumerable,— and, to ordi- nary mortals, incomprehensible. We have several lists of them before us, but refrain from exasperating the reader by presenting them in detail. Let one sample suffice. One medical authority says : " The most pro- minent and perceptible effects of these waters, when / taken into the stomach, are, cathartic, diuretic, and tonic." It may be well, however, to quote another sentence from the same author, as it tells us distinctly what the waters do not cure, " In phthisis, and indeed all other pulmonary aflfections arising from primary diseases of the lungs, the waters are manifestly injurious, and evidently tend to increase the violence of the disease." 5-^r^ ^«^, ■I'sSS. SARATOGA SPRINGS. 31 Before proceeding further with our subject, we will treat the reader to a few — Facts relative to Saratoga. Facts are usually con- sidered dry subjects ; but facts that one Avishes to know, and that happen to be useful, or necessary, or both, are not likely to prove dry,— especially when connected, as they are, with water springs. Saratoga is a delightful village situated in the State of New York. It is about 185 miles distant from the city of New York, the route being by steamer up the beauti- ful Hudson River to Albany,— 146 miles, — and thence by rail — 39 miles— to Saratoga. If visited from Boston, the route is by the Western Railway to Albany, 200 miles. There are no less than twelve different springs in the neighbourhood of Saratoga ; but those chiefly used/ are the CoTujress, Iodine, High Rock, Monroe, Puz- nam's Congress, Flat Rock, Hamilton, Colujnbian, and Washington springs. Hotels are numerous and excellent, the board being / from 2 to 2\ dollars a-day, — as it is at all the watering- places in the United States. There are also a number of good private boarding-houses, and, in short, every convenience, in the way of food, shelter, and conveyance, that the most fastidious traveller could desire, and at very moderate charges. The principal hotels are as follows : The United States, Uyiion Hall, Congress Hall, the Pavilion; after these, the American, Columbian, A del phi, Washington, Railroad House, The Prospect, and Highland Hcdl. The scenery of Saratoga has nothing peculiarly fine about it. Indeed it would be considered tame were that the only attraction; but the famed waters and the brilliant sqcigly are the chief points of interest. The scenery is sweet, and what we might call agi-eeable, and d2 SARATOGA SPRINGS. the drives in the vicinity are very pretty. The air is clear and salubrious ; and the village itself, with its pil- lared and verandahed villas, and its tree-lined streets, is extremely picturesque. To the student of character Saratoga presents a rich field. Here may be seen the old, the young, the grave, the gay;— disease limping on crutches to the healing waters; health quaffing the sparkling goblet, that " cheers," it may be, but certainly does not " inebriate ;" — gray-haired men promenading slowly on the piazza ; young men and maidens tripping along the street, and children romping on the lawn in all the joy of budding youth and holidays. Here may be seen men from the north and south; — citizens from New York in trim /^Parisian fashion, and men from the Southern States in garbs of a more sternly simple character; while various specimens of humanity from the other side of the Atlantic exhibit the peculiar characteristics of their respective nations, in tongue, manner, and cos- tume. Life at the springs is a pei*petual festival. The people dance and drink— drink and dance, — rising early to do the one, and sitting up late to perform the other. Dur- ing the fashionable season there are frequently as many /as two or three thousand arrivals within a week ; yet so well prepared are the houses of entertainment and accom- modation, that these are put up without difficulty. Congress Sjjring is the chief fountain. It was dis- covered by a hunting party in the summer of 1792, but it was known long before to the Indians, and was held by them in high esteem. It is at the south side of the village, and, at the time of its discovery, issued from a crevice in the rock about fifteen feet from its present position. The Avaters of this spring are bottled and sent %Mmm.]M^M^J^ A^ft SAHATOGA SPRINGS. 33 all over the world. A pipe of about fifteen feet long is sunk into the fountain, and preserves it from extraneous substances. The analysis of one gallon of the water, containing 231 cubic inches, as given by Dr. Chilton, is as fol- lows : — Chloride of Sodium, 363.829 grs. Carbonate of Soda, 7.200 Carbonate of Lime, 86.143 Carbonate of Jlagnesia, 78.621 Carbonate of Iron, .841 Sulphate of Soda, .051 lodme of Sodium, and bromide of potasium, .... 5.920 Silica, .472 Alumina, .321 543.998 grs Carbonic acid, 284.65 A tmospheric ai r, 5. 41 Making 290.06 inches of gaseous contents. The temperature of the water of this spring, as indi- cated by Farenheit's thermometer, is 50 degrees ; and it never varies from this, summer or winter, at the bot- tom of the well, wliatever the temperature above may be. The taste of the water is not unpleasant. The well is now concealed under the floor of an open colonnade, and the discharge is nearly one gallon per minute. The gas disengages, and breaks from the surface in a multitude of sparkling globules. " Hero, before break- fast, creep the few who come to Sai-atoga for health; and here, before dinner, saunter those who are in need C 34 SARATOGA SPRINGS. of a walk, or who wisli a tonic for the coming meal. A busy varlet, with a capital of a hooked stick and two tin tumblers, drives a thriving trade here, fishing up the sparkling waters, at a cent a glass, for all comers. When the gentleman has swallowed his proper quantity, he proceeds by a smooth serpentine walk to the summit of a prettily wooded hill, where he may either bask in / the sunshine or ramble off' to the sbade for a little medi- tation." There is a curious circular railroad close at hand, on which are placed machines capable of being driven or worked forward by those who sit on them. Here the vigorous race with each other and try their muscles. Congress Hall is close to the spring. The colonnade is handsome and veiy extensive, being sup- ported on pillars. The Empire Spring is situated in the north part of the village. It contains a large quantity of iodine, and scarcely a trace of iron. Pavilion Fountain is in the rear of the Columbian Hotel. A considerable quantity of free acid escapes from its mouth. Flat Rock Spring is situated between the High Rock and the Pavilion Springs. It is similar in con- tents and taste to the Columbian. The other springs are : Ellis' Spring, 2 miles south of Congress Hall. Putnam's Congress^ nearly oi)posite the United States Hotel. Hamilton Spri7ig, in the rear of Congress Hall, taken as an alterative, and much used for bathing. Columbian S2Jring, not far from the preceding. Iodine Spring, near High Rock, at north- east of the village ; very free from iron. T€7i Sjjrings, little more than a mile distant. Benedict Spring, 3 miles west of the village. White Sulphur Sprir.g, on the east of Saratoga Lake. SARATOGA SPRINGS. 35 Bathing establishments are erected in connection with nearly all of these springs. Such are the waters which have rendered this place so celebrated. We will now turn from them, and go along with the numerous pleasure parties on their favourite excursion to — Saratoga Lake. This is a fine sheet of water, of about 9 miles in length and 3 in width, situated be- tween 3 and 4 miles from the springs. There are plenty of fish in its waters,— trout, perch, &c.,— which are an iiTesistible source of attraction to the anglers residing at Saratoga. From one or two points of view the lake is exceedingly pictui-esque, but in general its shores are low and marshy,— so much so, indeed, that it is difficult of access except in one or two particular places. On the eastern side of it stands the highest elevation,— a point iutting out into the water, named Snake Hill, which rears its modest head to an altitude of about 20 feet. Saratoga Lake lies about 8 miles west of the Hudson River, into which it poiu'S its waters through the Fish Creek. Before entering the lake, this river is known by the unpronounceable name of Kayaderosseras. JEverybody goes to see the lake and to dine on its fish, as a matter of course ; perhaps, also, to beguile the said fish from their native element. Thousands of visitors annually wander on its wooded shores, and row over its placid waters. In driving out, the change from the gay bustle of Saratoga to the quiet of the woods is striking and agreeable. Oui' smart vehicle rolls swiftly along over the flat country amid sombre pines, from the open- ings of which we here and there catch a glimpse of the distant Green Mountains. The scene that greets our eyes as we reach the shore of the lake is picturesque and cheerful. Pic-nic parties are sciittered through the 3S SARATOGA SPIUNGS. woods and slirubbery, shouting in all the joyousness of holiday life, while the blue surface of the water is alive with boat-laads of fishers and pleasure parties. The neighbourhood of Saratoga Lake is, moreover, cele- brated in liistory. On Benuis Heights, 8 miles distant, General Bourgoyne surrendered to the Americans under General Gates, on the 17th October 1777, — two actions having previously been fought on the lOtli of September. " There was a gay party on this lake, some six or eight years since, fisliing and airing their wit under the auspices of a belle of some fame and authority. The boat had been pulled into water of five or six feet depth, on the eastern side, and the ladies sat at the ends of their rods, about forty yards from the shore, watching their floats, which lay on the surface of the glassy water like sleeping flies,— but, as the old fisherman in the bow could have told them, laughing loud enough to frighten even the eels from their appetites. After several hours' bobbing without a bite or nibble, the belle above men- tioned discovered that her hook was caught at the bot- tom. She rose in the stern to draw it up more easily ; and, all the party leaning over at the same time, she lost her balance, and, in falling overboard, upset the boat! For the first minute it was a scene of terror. The gentlemen v/ere very near drowning the ladies, and the ladies the gentlemen ; but the old fisherman, a tail fellow, who knew the ground, and was just within his depth, quietly walked about, picking them up one by one, and giving them a hold of the inverted gunwale, and so pushed them safely to shore, suspended round the boat like herrings on a hoop. Nobody caught cold ; other people had caught fish ; they dined merrily, and the principal actor in the scene has since been known by the sobriq,uet of the Diving Belle, TRENTON FALLS. 37 "There is an Indian superstition attached to this lake, which probably liad its source in its remarkable loneliness and tranquillity. The Mohawks believed that its stillness was sacred to the Great Spirit, and that, if a human voice uttered a sound upon its waters, the canoe of the offender would instantly sink. A story is told of an Englishwoman, in the early days of the first settlers, who had occasion to cross the lake with a party of Indians, who, before embarking, warned her most im- pressively of the spell. It. was a silent, breathless day, and the canoe shot over the smooth surface of the lake like a shadow. About a mile from the shore, near the centre of the lake, the woman, willing to convince the savages of the weakness of their superstition, uttered a loud cry. The countenances of the Indians fell instantly to the deepest gloom. After a moment's pause, however, they redoubled their exertions, and, in frowning silence, drove tlie light bark like an arrow over the waters. They reached the shore in safety, and drew up the canoe, and the woman rallied the chief on his credulity. ' The Great Spirit is merciful,' answered the scornful IMohawk. / *He knows that a white woman cannot hold her tongue !' " There is a small pond about two miles from the village in which there are a consideriiljle number of trout. It is a favourite resort of the lovers of angling. TRENTON FALLS. Trenton Falls may be easily " done" in a single day; but they are eminently worthy of a much longer visit. They may be reached from New York by way of the Hudson River to Albany (146 miles), and thence by rail to Uticii (95 miles). There is an excellent house of entertainment on the 38 TRENTOX FALLS. edge of the pine forest, close to the brink of the chasm in which the Falls occur. The neighbourhood of Trenton Falls is without doubt one of the favourite, among the favoured, resorts of tourists and pleasure-seekers from all parts of the Union ; and well does it merit the ad- miration of all who love the magnificent and beautiful in nature. The Falls occur on the West Canada Creek, and are 15 miles distant from the town of Utica, in the State of New York. This is, says Mr. Willis, " the most enjoyably beautiful spot among the resorts ot romantic scenery in our country. The remembrance of its loveliness becomes a bright point, to which dream and reverie oftenest return. It seems to be curiously adapted to enjoy, being somehow not only the kind but tlie size of a place which the (after all) measurable arms of a mortal heart can hold in its embrace. The creek, which is swollen to a tremendous torrent by rains in the mountain or by the spring thaws, has evidently worn through the strata which now encloses it, and runs at present over a succession of flat platforms, descending by leaps of 40 or 50 feet from one to the other, and forming the most lovely chain of cascades. The walls that shut it in are either peipendicular or overhanging it in broad table ledges; the Mild vegetation of the forest above leaning over the chasm with an effect like foliage of a bright translucent gTeen painted on the sky." West Canada Creek is a branch of the jMohawk River, which flows into the Hudson. Within a distance of two miles the river descends 312 feet, rushing through a deep, dark, naiTow chasm, and forming in that short space no less than six magnificent Falls. From the door of the hotel we step immediately into the forest, and in a minute or two reach the bank at tlie place of descent. There ai-e two paths from the hotel, one leading to the TRENTON PALLS. 3D High Falls, the other to the bottom of the gorge. The latter is preferred. The depth of the gorge, through which tlie white stream is seen dashing and roaring magnificently, is about 100 feet; and the bottom of the steep bank is easily gained by five successive flights of stairs. At the lowest level we land upon a broad pave- ment, and here we are in a new world. At our feet the rushing water leaps and hurries past ; on either side the cliffs — peii)endicular in some places, overhanging in others— shut us in ; while the thick foliage bending high overhead well-nigh shuts the blue sky out altogether. Here we have a view of the outlet of the chasm on one hand, and of the first cascade on tlie other. It is un- necessaiy to describe minutely eveiy step of the route to the various points of interest, as efficient guides are ready to conduct us, and description, however graphic, can never equal the united power of the tourist's eyes and common sense. We will, therefore, merely give a few general details, useful and interesting, we hope, in reference to the Falls and their locality. The First Fall is 33 feet high. In dry weather it re- tires behind the projecting rocks, and becomes invisible from this point ; but in floods it sweeps in a splendid sheet over the entire cliff from bank to bank. The path- way to this Fall has been cut through the solid rock, which overhangs part of it, and echoes back the roar of the raging rapid below. A chain renders the passage safe. The scene here is extremely wild and impressive ; and one part of the bank in particular exhibits from its surface downwards the successive strata of the region. At a short distance we see a confused pile of massive rocks, some of them weighing fully twenty tons, which the periodical floods have thrown over. Enormous masses of rock are frequently swept down the rapids and over 40 TRENTON FALL3. the Falls ; and it is said that the thunder of tlieir fall is distinctly heard at the hotel, and" that tlie ground is sometimes felt to vibrate. SJiennan's Fall is reached soon after passing the above. It is named after the Rev. Mr. Sherman, who was the first to draw public attention to these beautiful Falls, and who erected the first inn, named the Rural Resort, for the accommodation of visitors. This Fall is upwards of 33 feet in height. A naked rock, extending 150 feet upwards, juts out, and afibrds a commanding view-point. It is ascended by natural steps. Thousands of tons of the parapet wall have been torn away by tliis Fall ; and at one point, where the water dashes with peculiar vio- lence, immense slabs are annually being forced ofl". Above this is a fiuious rapid, beyond which we come in sight of the — High Falls. Here " tliere opens upon us, when the water is low, an expansion of flat rock, where we are suddenly transported, with a full view of the High Falls, forty rods beyond. The eye, elevated at a considerable angle, beholds a perpendicular rock, 100 feet high, extending across the opening in a diagonal line from the mountainous walls on each side, rising 70 or 80 feet still higher. Over this the whole river descends, first perpendicularly about 40 feet, the main body rushing to the left. On the right it pours down in a beautiful white sheet. For a short distance in the middle the rock is left entirely naked, exhibiting a per- pendicular and bold breastwork, as though reai-ed by art to divide the beautiful white sheet on the one side from the overwhelming fury of the waters on the other. They unite on a flat below ; then, with a tumultuous foam, veer suddenly down an inclination of rocky steps, whence the whole river is precipitated into a wide, deep, and dark vrIlGI^'IA SPRINGS. 41 bOv^in, 40 feet beneath, — mountainous walls rising on each side of the stream nearly 200 feet, tall hemlocks and bending cedars extending their branches on the verge above, and small shrubbery variegating here and there their stupendous and naked sides," Close at hand, a flight of stairs leads up to the Rural Jletreai, a house of refreshment, at which most visitors will gladly rest a while after the somewhat rugged clam- ber along the margin of this splendid river. The style of scenery above this point alters considerably. The next Fall is called the Mill Dam, on account of the straightncss of the ledge over which it plunges. It is 14 feet high, and falls in a broad sheet from side to side of the chasm. Above this there is a wider platform of level rock, lined on each side with cedars. This spot is known as the A Ihamhra. At its extremity rises a bare rock, 50 feet high, from the top of whicli a silver rill descends, contrasting pleasantly with the wild cataract on the left. Beyond this is the Rocky Heart, and fur- ther still, the Falls at Boon's Bridge, — the termination of the gorge; but the way to it is both difficult and dangerous, though very grand and romantic. Adven- turous ladies have sometimes penetrated to the latter point. There is no fishing at Trenton Falls, and very little is to be had in the way of hunting. But the lover of thet^ picturesque and the sublime in scenery will not be disap- pointed ; and the geologist will find an ample field for re- search in the strata cut through by the river, and the fossil organic remains with which the neighbourhood abounds. VIRGINIA SPRINGS. Of all the States in the Union, Virginia stands pre- eminent for its early and romantic historical associations; 42 VIRGTXIA SPRIXGS. for the proud part it has taken in all the struggles — political and otherwise— since tlie da3^s of the gi'eat queen in honour of Avliom it was named, to the present time ; and for the number of gi'oat men it has given to the nation, — men whose names will shine on the page ^^of history wiiile the world exists,— and foremost among wliicli stands the inmiortal name of Washington. Vir- ginia is also celebrated for the beauty of its scenery and for the great number and variety of its valuable medi- cinal springs. These are so luimerous that om* space forbids a lengthened detail of each. To intending visi- tors, a brief account of leading points and facts will be sufficient. The air of the mountains is salubrious and agreeable, and the springs are visited by thousands of tourists and invalids every year. No State in the confederacy pre- sents a greater variety of surface than Vii'ginia, from the rugged mountains and rich valleys of the interior to the sandy flats of the sea-coast. The highest land in the State, White Top, is 6000 feet above the sea. Tbe springs are situated amid the picturesque wilds of the mountains in the central counties, — between the Blue Ridge on the east, and the Alleghany range on the west. There are about twenty of them, all more or less celebrated,— the White Sulphur Spyring of Greenbrier /" county being the chief. The routes to these springs are innumerable. We can only mention one, — namely, that from New York, by rail and steamboat, passing through Philadelphia, Bal- timore, Washington, Alexandi-ia, and Staunton, and extending over about 380 miles. Staunton is 17 miles distant from Weu-'s Cave, — one of the celebrated points of the district. In approaching the springs by the Bal- timore and Ohio Railway, we reach the far-famed pas- VIRGINIA SPRINGS. 43 sage of tlie Potomac River through the Bhie Ridge Mountains at — Harper's Ferry, about S2 miles from Baltimore. Of this beautiful spot Jefferson says, that it is " one of the most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic to witness." There are hun- dreds of other beautiful and interesting objects passed on our journey which we cannot particularize. Suppos- ing that the tourist has reached Staunton, let us go visit — Weir''s Cave. It is a most wonderful cavern, second only to the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, It is situated in the county of Augusta, and was discovered in 1804 by Bernard Weyer, while he was in pursuit of a wild animal that sought shelter within it. In length it exceeds 2000 feet, and the chambers and passages are remarkable for their variety of form, altitude, and picturesque appear- ance. Profound darkness broods over these silent halls. In one chamber there is a formation which resembles a gigantic statue, which bears the name of the Nation's Hero ; but the formations are innumerable, and assume every appearance, while the vastness of the dark vault overhead is only rendered apparent by torches, which render visible, but cannot pierce or dispel, the deep obscurity. All wlio visit the cavern speak of it as being grand and sublime beyond description. Madison's Cave is quite close to the above, and, though not so large, is well worth visiting ; about 300 feet deep and 50 high. Bloicing Cave is another cavern of Vir- ginia which deserves notice. It is on the stage between the Rockbridge and Bath Alum Springs, near to the village of Milboro'. The White Sul2:)hur Springs are the most celebrated. They are in the heart of the spring district, situated 44 VIRGINIA SPRINGS. in Greenbrier county, near the base of the Alleghany range, in a romantic valley siirronnded by lofty and picturesque hills. The accommodation for guests is ex- cellent, and the Avaters are considered to be most bene- ficial to invalids— especially those afflicted with rheu- matism. They vere first used in 1778, and the waters contain lime, magnesia, soda, iron, sulphur, and iodine, besides being strongly impregnated with carbonic and nitrogen gases ; and the complaints which they are said to cure are innumerable. The health-giving eflects of the pure air and enchanting sceneiy are indisput- able. The Blue Sid2:)liur Spring, 22 miles west of the White Sulphur, and on the turnpike road to Gnyandotte on the Ohio, is also a favourite and beautifully situated spring. This resort is reached by stage from Staunton, via — The Natural Bridge, in Rockbridge county. This bridge is the gTcatest of the Virginia celebrities, and may well be regarded as one of the wonders of the world. It is 63 miles from the White Sulphur Springs, and 53 from Staunton, via Lexington. From Lynchburg, — which is reached by rail from Richmond, — it is 36 miles distant by stage. It is 14 miles distant from Lexington ; and the road to it from that place is so execrable that it has been entitled " purgatoiy." The bridge consists of an enormous mass of limestone rock, which extends from bank to bank, and overhangs the bed of Cedar Creek, vv'liich is more than 200 feet below the surface of the plain. The sides of the enormous chasm are ahuost perpendicular, and composed of solid rock. High up ''on this rock the name of Washington is engi-aven, carved by the hero's own hand. The middle of the arch is 45 feet thick. It is 210 feet high, and varies from 60 to 90 feet m widtli. The highway passes over the bridge, VIRGI-XIA SP11ING3. 45" and a good deal of shrubbeiy grows on its summit. The finest view of it is to be had about 60 yards below, close to the creek. The view immediately under the arch is also very fine. A graphic writer says of this bridge, " The first sensation of the beholder is one of double astonishment; first, at the absolute sublimity of the scene ; next, at tlie total inarlequacy of the descriptions he has read, and the pictures he has seen, to produce in his mind the faintest idea of the reality." This opinion is a sufficient excuse for our refraining from any attempt' at description. ^Ve will conclude in tb.e words of the same writer : " You never saw its like before, and never Avill you look upon its like again." There are also interesting caverns and cliffs in the vicinity of the Natural Bridge, in regard to which full directions may be obtained at the inn. The Peaks of Otter are in the county of Bedford, 35 miles from Lynchburg,— from which place we travel by stage, — and 10 miles from the village of Liberty. These celebrated Peaks are the highest summits of the Blue Ridge ; the principal one is about 5300 feet above the level of tlie sea. The Peaks are two miles apart ; that to the south is most frequently visited. The views from the Peaks of Otter are sublime, and we cannot too strongly recommend toiuists to ascend one or both of them. The following is a brief summary of the remaining springs and objects of interest in Virginia. The Salt Sulphur Sjyrings are 24 miles from the White Sulphiur, in Monroe county, beautifully situated among the moun- tains. They are three in number. The Red Sulphur Springs, also in Monroe county, are 17 miles from the Salt, and 42 from the White Sulphur. The Sweet Spi'lngs ai"e 17 niiles from the White Sulphur, and 46 VIllGINIA SPRINGS. have been longer known than any of the others. They are in a beautiful valley, and are, perhaps, the most fashionable of all the springs. Tiie Red Sweet Springs are a mile from the Sweet. In their neighbourhood are the Beaver-dam Falls,— much admired ; Capon Springs, in Hampshire county. The Ice Mou7itain is a point of attraction here. Ice is found on the west side all the summer through. From this spring may also be visited Candy's Castle, and the Tea Table, and the Hanging Rocks; the Berkley Springs, in Morgan county; Shan- 7iondale, in Jefferson ; White Sulphur, in Fauquier ; Rawleys, in Rocldngham ; Augusta, in Augusta county, near Avhich are the celebrated Cyclopean Towers, 80 feet high ; Bath, Alum, and Hot Springs, in Bath ; Aluniy in Rockbridge; Dibhrell's, in Botetourt; and White Sulphur, in Grayson county. There are many other springs in Virginia, which it would be endless to mention. The above are the chief. All of them are remarkable for the extreme beauty of the scenery in which they are situated, the valuable qualities of their Avaters, and the excellence of the hotel and lodging accommodation, while railroads run to many of them, and near to all of them. The Objects of l7iterest which yet remain to be enu- merated are briefly as follows:— The White Top Moun- tain, in Grayson county ; the Buffalo Knob, in Floyd county ; the Natural Tunnel, in Scott county ; Peak Knob and Glass W indoles, in Pulaski county ; the Hawk's Nest, on New River, in Fayette county ; the /Falls of the Potomac, a few miles above George Town, in the district of Columbia ; and the Salt Pond, on a mountain top in Giles county. Of these the Hawk's Nest is, perhaps, the gi-eatest curiosity. It is nine miles from the White Sulphur Springs, where there is a per- WEST POINT — WHITE MOUNTAINS. 47 pendlcular cliflFof 1000 feet high, which, Miss Martineau declares, produced a greater effect on her mind than Niagara itself! Old Point Comfort is a favourite southern watering- place in Virginia, at the entrance of Hampton Roads, on James River. There is a first-rate beacli for bathing, and every accommodation and comfort that man can desire. WEST POINT. This is one of the most beautiful and attractive spots on the Hudson River, and the seat of the most cele- brated ]\[ilitary School. It is situated in the State of New York, and is suiTOunded by historical associations. The Academy occupies a, plateau 190 feet above the river, and the noble hills were fortified during the war, as the picturesque ruins still attest. West Point was the key of the river during the Revolution, and it was the head-quarters of Washington, Putnam, Kosciusko, and the traitor Arnold. Being situated within 53 miles of the city of New York, in the midst of the romantic scenery of the " Hud- son Highlands," West Point is annually resorted to by thousands of tourists and lovers of fine scenery. The ruins of the old forts, Putnam, Cliirton, Webb, and Wylly's, still exist ; and there is a sweet glen below the Parade Ground called " Kosciusko's Garden^'' in which there is an obelisk, erected to the memory of the brave Pole. A first-rate hotel affords the visitor every accommoda- tion he may require. WHITS MOUNTAINS. The Wliite Mountain district has been appropriately styled the " Switzerland of America." It is situated in New Hampshire, in the northern part of the State, and > 48 WHITE MOUNTAINS. between 70 and 80 miles distant from the sea. There are several gi'oups or clusters of mountains, but the name of White Mountains belongs properly to the cen- tral group — from 14 to 20 miles in extent — which forms the great source of attraction to tourists, and of which Mount Washington is the highest, being 6226 feet above the level of the sea. Those in the west are known as the Franconia Mountains. The whole range covers an area of about 40 square miles ; and the scenery around is of tlie grandest and most romantic character that can be imagined, attbrding subjects for study, wonder, and ad- miration, to all classes of minds ; and presenting every variety of feature, from the soft and peaceful to the wildest and most savagely sterile. The Routes to the mountains are so numerous that it is impossible to detail them all here. One favourite ap- proach is by rail from Portland, a distance of about 90 miles. Another is from Ncav York, via the Hudson, to Albany ; proceeding thence by rail to Lake Champiain, and so on to Burlingion, whence Ave travel to cur destination by rail. AVe may also approach from Ports- mouth; by which route we pass the vicinity of several picturesque lakes, the largest and most beautiful of these is Winnipiseogee Lake. But let the traveller take what route he will, he cannot fail to be charmed with the exquisite scenery through which he shall pass. The distance from New York is about 430 miles ; froni Boston 170 miles. We will suppose, then, that the White Mountains have been reached. Hotels. — As the indispensable comforts of food and lodging naturally claim our attention at the end of a journey, we will begin with the houses of entertainment for man and horse that open their hospitable doors on our arrival. WHITE MOUXTAIXS. 49 Mou7U Washington House is a first-rate hotel, ca- pable of accommodating a hundred guests, and situated about four miles distant from the Notch, a curious gorge, which is one of the lions of the White Mountains. This hotel is also nine miles distant from the top of Mount Washington, wliich eveiy one who is able ascends. The Notch House occupies a romantic and extremely wild position at the head of the Saco River. It is also nine miles from the top of Mount Washington, and is a favourite resort. The Willey House stands in a narrow valley between stupendous mountains, about two miles below the Notch. In 1826 a terrible sHde occurred here, which overwhelmed the whole Willey family, consisting of nine persons. The building was left uninjured. Mount Crawford House is situated in the wild valley of the Saco River, eight miles below the Notch. It is about ten miles distant from the summit of Mount Washington, and Mount Crawford is close beside it. The Crawford family is a famous one in the annals of the mountains. They dwelt in these' rugged solitudes long before travellers dared to penetrate their mysteri- ous depths. They were the first whTTopened their doors as hosts. They were of gigantic stature ; and one of them, Ethan Allen Crawford, became known as the " giant of the hills." The Glen Hoicse is also a first-rate one in the centre of the mountain district. ' The Heights of the Mountains are as follows : — ]\Iount Washington, 6226 feet above the sea-level ; Mount Adams, 5759 feet; Mount Jefferson, 5657 feet; Mount Madison, 5415 feet ; Mount ^lonroe, 5349 feet ; Mount Franklin, 4850 feet ; Mount Pleasant, 4715 feet ; Mount Clinton, 4.383 feet. There are many other peaks of less note. The ascent of these mountains is neither difficult nor dangerous, although, of course, rather D X / /. 50 WHITE MOUXTAIJfS. fatiguing; and j\Iount Washington, the highest, can /be ascended to Avitliin a few feet of the top on horse- back. The White IMountains are the highest in the United States east of the Mississippi, with the exception of the Black jMountain in North Carolina ; and altliough nearly 80 miles inland, their snowy peaks are seen from a great distance out at sea. There is an ancient tradition among the Indians of this region, that the earth was long ago overwhelmed in a deluge, in Avhich every human being was drov.'ued except one man and his wife, who found safety among these towering hills, and preserved the species. Enterprising tourists will find savage wilds and ro- mantic solitudes enough here to occupy all their time, however long they may feel inclined to remain. The points of interest are innumerable ; and all that we can attempt to do here is to indicate briefly those "lions" of the district which tourists generally visit. The Notch. This is a notch of Nature's own cutting, and one which forms a magnificent and appropriate gate- way to the White Mountains. It is a naiTOw gorge or defile of about two miles in extent, between two frown- ing cliffs wliich seem to have been rent asunder. The head of the Saco River passes through it, and the road from Littleton to Portland has been with difficulty formed along its margin. The eastern entrance to this chasm is formed by two perpendicular rocks about twenty- two feet apart, and the scenery is impressively gTand. The mountains which form the walls of the pass tower to a height of 2000 feet on either side. It was here Ibftt the Willey family was destroyed by a land-slip in 826. They had retired for the night, when an unusual noise in the mountains startled them. It increased, and *i 4 m w%. r^ WHITE MOUXTAIXS. 51 the unfortunate family abandoned the house in terror " A vast mass of earth and rocks, disengaged from the precipices above them, suddenly rushed down the side of the mountain, and, sweeping everything before it, divided in the rear of the house, reunited again, leaving it unharmed, and thundered down to the valley, over- whelming the fugitive family in its career." The Silver Cascade is perhaps the most beautiful among the many lovely falls in the ^Yhite ^lountains. It is situ- ated in the " Notch ;" but, like most mountain cataracts, must be visited after heavy rain to be seen to advantage. " The stream is scanty, but its course from among the deep forest, whence its springs issue into light, is one of singular beauty. Buried beneath the lofty precii)ices of the gorge, after ascending towards Puljnt Rock, by the side of the turbulent torrent of the Saco, the ear is sud- denly saluted by the soft dashings of this sweetest of cascades ; and a glance up^vard reveals its silver streams issuing from the loftiest crests of the mountain, and leap- ing from crag to crag. It is a beautiful vision in the midst of the wildest and most dreary scenery." The Flume is another beautiful cascade further down the Notch. Our Engraving presents a good view of the Sil- ver Cascade and Pulpit Rock. Pulpit Rock Like many other scenes and objects in nature, this rock does not meiit its name. The resem- blance to a pulpit must have been in the fancy of him who originally named it, — unless, indeed, the rock, or some part of it, may have served the pui-pose of a pulpit in the early times of the Puritans. The Devil's Den is just opposite the Silver Cascade, near the top of JNlount Willard. It is a mysterious-look- ing cavern. Ascent of Mount Washington. This is one of the / 52 WHITE MOUNTAINS. chief excursions, and will amply repay the tourist by the varied and beautiful scenery tlu'ough wliich he will have to pass, and by the sublime view from the summit. To describe the route step by step would be useless; the guides will conduct you safely. Of course, travel- lers have different experiences in this excursion. The following quotations from Willis gives the experience of a traveller on two different occasions : — " The morning opened with every symptom of a fine day for the ascent. Before we came to the Peak of Clinton, however, a thick mist had swept over the mountains, which grew heavier and heavier ; a strong wind with violent rain came on; the storm increased, and the cold became every moment more intense. In four hours we reached the summit, thoroughly drenched, and stiff as icicles. The rain beat across the Peak with tremendous force, and it was with difficulty we could stand. Below us was a sea of mist, around us a howl- ing tempest, and our only resource was to seek the shelter of a rock, and seek consolation in the guide's knapsack." This dark side of the picture is relieved by the success of anotlier expedition, on Avhich the same wiiter reached the top of jMount Wiishington in fine weather. He sa3\s: "The hght streamed down through breaks in the clouds on the scenery below, in such masses, and in such a manner, as to bring out fully and distinctly all the leading points in the immeasurable panorama. Far below us lay, on one side, Mounts Clinton, Pleasant, Mimroe, and Franklin; on the other, Jefferson, Adams, and INIadison. On the east and west, openings were visible, through which several rivers, taking their rise in the mountains, wound their way and widened their valleys toward the lowlands. Far in the distance, chains of WHITE MOUNTAIXS. 53 hills and mountains, distinct in outline and beautiful in form, arose on all sides ; and these were overtopped by others beyond, whose blue summits mingled with the sky, and shut in the ovei-powering scene." The entire excursion requires a long day for its accomplishmenty There is a small house on the top of Blount Washing- ton, in which we may spend the night if so disposed. The Lake of the Clouds is a beautifully clear pond, near the top of Mount Monroe, which we pass on the way to the top of Mount Washington, from the Wash- ington Honse. It supplies the head streams of the Am- monoosuck River, which abounds in rapids and falls, as it flows towards its junction with the Connecticut River. Oakes Gulfh a dark abyss, seen far down on the right as we ascend INIount Moni-oe. The Great Gulf is an- other abyss, which descends from near the summit of Mount Washington for 2000 feet, abrupt and rjj^ged. Tuckerman's RaviJie is another remarkably savage place, seen in the ascent from Mount Cra^vford House. It is filled with deep snow, through which a stream ex- cavates a deep and yawning chasm every season. The Crystal Cascade is about 3 miles from the Glen House, in a secluded valley. It is a romantic spot, and the w^hole of the locality around the Glen House is ex- ceedingly wild and picturesque, — offering to the adven- turous many dark regions that have scarcely ever been explored. The Fall is 80 feet, having a broken descent. Glen Ellis Fall is another wild cascade, on the east side of the mountain, which will well repay a visit. Of the Fraiiconia ^t7^5 much might be said. There is a great deal that is beautiful and grand to be seen here. The points and objects of chief interest are, — Mount Lafayette, 5200 feet ; Cannon Mount, 4000 feet] Profile Rock, or the Old Man Mountahiy havhig b-i TVniTE MOUNTAINS. a visage 80 feet long ; Profile Lake and Echo Lake, — the latter a most exquisite little pond, with a remarkable eclio near it ; the Flume, a very curious spot, where an immense boulder hangs suspended between two cliffs, where it has been caught in falling from the mountains above; the Pool is a curious natural well, 190 feet deep, the water at the bottom being 40 feet deep. The Notch is 71 miles from Concord, and is formed by the mountain named Lafayette. The Lafayette House is situated in the Notch. The scenery here is quite magnificent. The precipices rise to the height of several thousand feet, and the effect of the gigantic cliffs fills the mind of the beholder with awe. The ascent of Mount Lafayette is by a bridle-path, of about three miles in extent,— from the hotel to the summit, and the view from the top is very fine. Beautiful little lakes are scattered throughout the Franconia range, giving an additional charm and brilliancy to the scenery. The mountains are thickly wooded a considerable way up their sides, but the tops are generally naked and tempest-worn. The Basin is a curious pool, from which flow several beautiful cas- cades. It is five miles south of the Notch. Such are the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and they are considered, in point of interest, second only to the gi'cat cataract of Niagara. ABSECOM BEACU— BATn. 55 PART II. The summer resorts mentioned in tlie following pages, being of second-rate importance compared v.-ith those which form the body of this book, are necessarily detailed in brief. Many of them, from the extreme beanty of their sceneiy and the great value of their medicinal waters, merit a more lengthened notice than our limited space will permit of. Suffice it to say, that all of them are annually visited by crowds of tourists, and travellers in search of health ; nearly all of them aiford excellent accommodation of every kind ; most of them are easy of access ; and all are well worthy of being visited if one chances to be in their neighbourhood, while many of them will repay a special visit. Absecom Beach, New Jersey, a favourite watering- j)lace, vdih. good accommodation. Railroad to Camden. Adirondack Afou7itains, New York, west of Lake Cham- plain. A splendid country for sportsmen. Highest peak, 5460 feet. The wild, picturesque, and beautiful spots, to be found in the midst of these grand hills, are innumerable. They are a favourite resort of energetic tourists, Aiken, South Carolina, a pleasant mountain resort, 120 miles from Charleston. Alton Bay, New Hampshire, on Lake Winnipiseogee. Charming scenery in the vicinity. Rail from Boston. Arkansas Hot Springs. Much frequented. Bathing es- tablishments numerous. In Pike county there is a wonder- ful alabaster mountain and a remarkable natural bridge. Accessible from the sea by the JMississippi. Avon Springs, New York, 20 miles from Rochester. Good hotels. Much frequented. Ballston Spa, New York, six miles from Saratoga Springs. Celebrated springs. Bath, Long Island, eight miles from New York. Excel- lent sea-bathing. 56 BEDFORD SPRINGS— CONEY ISLAND. Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania. In a beautiful valley. Reached by railroad and stage (lOi miles) from Harrisburg. Bellows' Falls, Yermont, on tbe Connecticut River. Fine scenery. Black Mountain, North Carolina, 6i76 feet high, 30 miles from Morgantown. Thickly covered with laurels, and diffi- cult to ascend. Much visited. Bladon Springs, Alabama, near Ohio Railroad, a fashion- able resort. Blount's Springs, Alabama, a favourite watering-place. Blue Lick Spjrings, Kentucky. Celebrated and much fre- quented. Boothhay, Maine, 24 miles from Bath. Good sea-bathing. Rail or steamer from Portland. Brandywine Springs, Delaware, five miles from "Wilming- ton. Much resorted to. Reached by rail and stage from Philadelphia. Cape Ann, Massachusetts, a good sea-bathing i^lace. Cape Elizabeth, Maine, a fashionable sea-side resort near Portland. Chelsea Beach, Massachusetts, a fashionable watering-place, five miles from Boston. Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, a favourite resort, affording excellent sport in the way of fishing and shooting. Canvass back ducks are found in great numbers in the spring and fall. Clarendon Spring, Vermont. Fine mounTiin scenery, and a good inn. Near the Western Vermont Railroad. Clifton Falls, Ohio, a picturesque cascade, near the vil- lage of Clifton, on the Miami River, About 50 feet fall. Clifton Springs, New York. Beautifully situated, 44 miles from Rochester, on the Auburn and Rochester Rail- way. Cohasset, Massachusetts, 22 miles from Boston, a plea- sant watering-place, much frequented. Columbia Springs, New York, four miles from Hudson, amid romantic scenery. J- Coney Island, New York, a celebrated sea-side resort, COOPER S WELLS— GREEN MOUNTAINS. 57 10 miles distant from the city of New York, mucli fre- quented. Cooper's Wells, Mississippi, a pleasant resort, 12 miles from Jackson, and reached by rail and stage from Vicksburg. Crawford's Sulphur S'prings, Ohio, a few miles from Bucyrus. Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee. Wild and beautiful. Not much visited, owing to diflSculty of access. Curious caA'es and mineral springs exist here. Delaware Springs, Ohio, much frequented by invalids. ' Delaware Water Gap, Pennsylvania, a celebrated ravine in the Kittatinny Mountains, 1600 feet deep, through which runs the Delaware River. Much visited during summer, and easily reached from New York and Philadelphia. Drennon Springs, Kentucky. The vicinity of the springs very beautiful. ]\Iuch resorted to. They are salt sulphur, and may be reached by steamboat from Louisville. Esculapia Springs, Kentucky, in a beautiful valley of Louis county. Fox Springs^ Kentucky, in Fleming county. Of some celebrity. Ginger Cake RocTc, North Carolina, is a curious pile on the top of Ginger Cake Mountain. It is in the shape of an inverted pyramid, 29 feet high, on the top of which is a flat stone, 32 feet long by 2 feet thick. It projects so far beyond the pyramid, that it seems just ready to faU. The view from this point is very fine. Table Rock is five miles distant. Glenn's Spring, South Cai-olina, a watering-place of some repute. Gloucester Harbour, Massachusetts, a rising watering- place, 32 miles from Boston by water, 28 by rail. Green Mountains, Vermont. This splendid moimtain range extends from near New Haven, in Connecticut, north- ward through Massachusetts and Vermont into Canada. The Green Mountains are second only to the "White Moun- tains of New Hampshire; and the beautiful, picturesque, and magnificent localities in the midst of them, are innumer- 58 GUILDFORD POIXT— LAKE TEPIX. able. The highest peaks are, Mansfield, Camel's Hump, Connell's Peak, and several others. There is no other part of the Union that affords a greater variety of choice in scenery than the lovely hills and valleys of Vermont. Guildford Point, Connecticut, a summer resort, 15 miles from New Haven. Hadley Falls, New York, on the Hudson River — also called the Great Falls — 16 miles from Saratoga Spi'ings. YeiT- splendid. Sixty feet high. Hamptoi Beach, New Hampshire, a celebrated and much frequented watering-placa. Good sea fishing near the Great Boar's Head, a curious promontory, jutting out into the sea. Twelve miles distant from Portsmouth. Harrodsburg Sprinrjs, Kentucky, a famous summer re- soi-t, and the oldest settlement in Kentucky, 30 miles below Frankfort. Ilingham, Massachusetts, 17 miles from Boston, from which steamboats run regularly. May be reached also by railway. ffopkinfon Springs, Massachusetts, 30 miles from Boston by rail. INIuch frequented. There is fishing in Whitehall Pond in the neighbourhood. Hull, ]\Iassachusetts, a well known sea-bathing place, about 10 miles from Boston. Indian Springs, Georgia, a favourite watering-place, about 53 miles from Milledgeville, and reached by the Macon and "Western Railroad. Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire, a cluster of small islands near the mouth of Portsmouth Harbour; some of which have excellent beaches for bathers, and good hotels. Ithaca Falls, New Yoi-k, near the town of Ithaca, at the head of CajTiga Lake. The scenery here is very beautiful. Fall Creek, Six-Mile Creek, and Cascadilla, are streams noted for the number and beauty of their cascades. The whole neighboarhood is rich in pleasant and wild spots wherein to ramble and explore. Lake Pepin, Vv'isconsin, nearly 80 miles from St. Paul's, LAKE WINXIMSEOGEE- LOXG ISLAND. 59 one of tlie most beautiful parts of the IMississippi, of which it is an enlargement. Can be reached by -way of the Gfreat Lakes. Lake Winnipiscogee, New Hampshire. Decidedly the finest lake of New Hampshire, 23 miles long by 10 broad. The waters are pure and very deep, and the surrounding mountain scenery is exquisitely beautiful. Flourishing to^\^ls and villages stud the shores, and a great number of stean-.ers and small craft ply a brisk trade on the water. The islands are numerous, and there are large quantities of excellent trout in the lake. This is a very favourite sum- mer resort, and deservedly so. ilay be reached by railroad from Boston or New York. Lehigh Water Gap, Pennsylvania, a wild gorge in the Kittatinny Mountains, much frequented by tourists. ■^J-i^^ LeUtmimi Springs, Kentucky, not far from Cincinnati. Much frequented. Lcices, Delaware, 20 miles from Cape May. Becoming a popular sea-?ide resort. Li*fle Falls of the Hudson, New York, near the village of Luzerne. These falls are much frequented in summer. They are very beautiful, and the surrounding scenery pic- turesque. Long Branch, New Jersey, 33 miles from New York. Reached by steamer. Besides being a first-rate sea-bathing resort, there is much to interest in the immediate neighbour- hood— Tinton Falls, &c. Long Island, New York. This is a celebrated island, and its shores are a famous summer resort of the citizens of New York, It is separated from the city by a strait less than a mile m width, called East River, Long Island is about 115 miles in length, and its breadth is about 20 miles, the coasts are indented with numerous bays and inlets, two of which, at the eastern extremity of the island, extend 30 miles inland. The soil is fertile and highly cultivated. The land has no great elevation ; and it is traversed, almost throughout its en- tire length, by a railroad. The towns and villaees to wluoh 60 MACKINAC— NAXTASKET BEACn. people flock in summer in search of Lealth and sport are innumerable. The south shore, facing the Atlantic, is much frequented by sportsmen and wild-fowl, of which latter there are countless numbers. Mackinac, Michigan. This is one of the most romantic and delightful summer resorts in the States. It is situated on an island in the Strait of Mackinac, which separates Lake Michigan fi-om Lake Huron; and, from the purity of its air, the beauty of its scenery, and the interesting natural objects in its neighbourhood, it is justly celebrated and much frequented during the summer season. The Arched Rock, 200 feet high; the Cave of Skulls, and the Needles, are a few of the chief objects of attraction on this picturesque island, which is about nine miles in circumference. Here too, may stUl be seen the red men of the forest. Maddison Springs, Georgia, near Danielsville. The water are impregnated with iron. Much resorted to. Manchester Alum Springs, Tennessee, an agreeable resort close to Manchester, where good hunting and fishing may be had. Mansfield Mountain, Vermont. The view of Lakes George and Champlain and the surrounding scenery, fi'om the summit, is magnificent, and the neighbourhood is much frequented. Twenty miles from Burlington. Massena Springs, New York, on the Racket River, which empties into the St. Lawrence. Missouri Falls, Nebraska. The Great Falls of the Mis- souri are about 600 miles below the source of that noble stream, and they are considered little inferior to Niagara, while the scenery is much wilder and grander. The river is very swift at the falls, the descent being 357 feet in 17 miles. The respective heights of the falls, beginning with the ujyper, are 26, 27, 19, and 87 feet. Mount Holyokc, Massachusetts. A splendid view from the top. The neighbourhood is much visited. Kantasket Beach, Massachusetts, 12 miles from Boston. Famed for its fine sands, beautiful shell-fish, and sea-fowL.. NANTUCKET — PiaEON SPRINQ. 61 Nantucket, Massachusetts, an island, the eastei'n extre- mity of which is a favourite summer retreat. Neiv Lebanon Springs, New York, 25 miles from Albany. This favourite spa is situated on the slope of a hill overlook- ing one of the most beautiful valleys in the State. There is a water-care establishment here; and, at two miles distance,^ a settlement of Shakers, whose remarkable form of worship attracts much attention. Nexo Loiidon, Connecticut, a watering-place of some repute. Norridgewock Fails, Maine. These falls are on the Kennebec River, about 20 feet high, and very picturesque. The neighbourhood is verj' agreeable. Norivalk, Connecticut, a pleasant summer resort, 44 miles from New York, on the Norwalk River. Oak Orchard Springs, New York, 20 miles distant from Lockport. Of some celebrity. Ocean Springs, Mississippi, near the coast of the gulf. A pleasant sea-bathing rescrt. Old Orchard Beach, Maine, 16 miles from Portland. A fine beach for sea-bathing. Scenery very pretty. Lower falls of the Saco River to be seen. Otter Creek Falls, Vermont, about seven miles from Lake Champlain. Thii'ty-seven feet fall. Elgin Springs in the neighbourhood. Paroqicet Springs, Kentucky, near Shepherdsville, and much frequented. Passaic Falls, New Jersey, 16 miles from New York, on the route of the Erie Railway, near the town of Paterson. Sixty feet fall. Pascagoula, Mississippi, on the Gulf of Mexico, a favour- ite watering-place. Pass Christian, Alississippi, a watering-place on the Giilf of Mexico. Philips Beach, Massachusetts, a favounte watering-place 12 miles from Boston. Pigeon Spring, Indiana, near Evansville, on Pigeon Creek, 62 PLYMOUTn — ROWLAND S SPItlNGS. a tributary of the Ohio. A popular watering-place, lately discovered. Plymouth, Massachusetts, the oldest town in New Eng- land, and celebrated as being the spot where the Pilgrim Fathers landed from the Mayflovver in 1620. Thirty-seven miles from Boston, and may be reached by railway. Fly- mouth Rock, of immortal memory, whereon the Fathers landed, lies at the head of Hedge's Wharf. Pilgrims' Hall contains many interesting; relics. Poiihir Mountain Springs, Kentucky, situated on the top of the mountain, and surrounded by maguificent scenery. Portage Falls, New York, on the Grenesee Eiver, in the town of Portage. There are three falls, 60, 90, and 110 feet, respectively. The gorge through v/hich the river flows is stupendous. Portland, IMaine, on Casco Bay, a pleasant summer resort. There are many delightful spots near it. Potgimac Falls, Virginia. The falls of the Eiver Potjimac are numerous, and some of tliera very grand. The river is navigable to Washington, 300 miles from the sea. Three miles above this are the Little Falls, having a descent of 37 feet. Nine miles higher up are the Great Falls — 76 feet fall. Six miles higher are Seneca Falls — 10 feet fall. Shenandoah Falls, and Homes Falls, are about 60 miles higher up, at the Blue Ridge. All of these obstructions are passed by means of canals. The falls at the Blue Ridge are the grandest. Richfield Springs, New York, 80 miles from Albany, in Ostego county, near Canaderoga Lake. In much repute. Pcuan Mountain, North Carolina, about 6010 feet high, 36 miles from Morgantown. The neighbourhood is a pleasant summer resort. Rockport, [Massachusetts, a much frequented watering- place a few miles from Gloucester Harbour. Rosendale Springs, New York, near the high falls of the Rondout. Rowland's Springs, Georgia. Becoming very popular, and situated about six miles from CartersviUe. RYE BEACH— SULPHUR SPRIXQS. 63 Rm Beach, New Haiupsliire, an extensive beach lying a few miles to the eastward of Portsmouth. Sachem's Head, Connecticut, a watering-place 16 miles from New Haven. Salmon River Falls, New York. Very curious, and much frequented by anglers. The falls descend 108 feet perpendi- cularly, and are 250 feet wide. At low water the fall is narrowed to half that extent. Saranac Lakes, New York, in the midst of the wild scenery of the Adirondack range. Splendid hunting and fishing here. Easily reached from Port Kent, on Lake Champlain. Savins Rock, Connecticut, a watering-place near New^ Haven. Schooley's Mountain, New Jersey. There is a mineral spring here which is much frequented. The neighbourhood is very agreeable. Budd's Lake, on the mountain, seven miles from the hotel, is a point of attraction, and affords good fishing. Sliaron Springs, '^qw York, about eight miles from tlie banks of the I^Iohawk River, and 55 miles from Albany. These springs are a favourite summer resort, and are easily and speedily reached from New York by steamboat to Albany, and thence by rail and plank-road. The Pa- vilion is the best hotel, and the view from it is very fine. St. A nthony Falls, ]\Iinnesota. These falls are very grand, and well worthy of a visit. Their remote situation, however, is against their being so much frequented as they deserve. Reached by steamboats on the STississippi, They are about 10 miles above St. Paul's, aud their perpendicular height is about 30 feet. The rapids above and below them are very grand. Good accommodation in the neighbourhood. Stone Mountain, Georgia, ?n De Kafb county, and close to the Georgia Railway. This curious rock of granite is 1000 feet high, and there is a tower on the summit ISO feet high. Much visited. Sulphur Springs, Georgia. Much frequented. About six miles from GaiuesYille. 64 TABLE MOUNTAIN— YELLOW SPRINGS. Tahle Mountain, South Carolina. A place of much resort, and has good accommodation. Ccesar's Head in the vicinity- is also much visited. Tallulah Falls and Rapids, Georgia, These are very magnificent. The total descent of the river, in a A-ariety of falls and rapids within a mile, is about 350 feet, and the walls of the ravine are stupendous. Towaliga Falls, Georgia, in Monroe county, Yery fine and varied. Wachuset Mountain, Massachusetts, the highest in the State, being 2018 feet above the sea. A magnificent view from the top. Warm Springs, North Carolina, about 30 miles from Raleigh, on the banks of French Broad River. Romantic scenery, and good accommodation. Warm Springs, Georgia. Celebrated and curious. About 36 miles from Columbus. Accommodation excellent. The fountain delivers 1400 gallons per minute. Wdls Beach, Maine, a delightful sea-bathing resort, near the village of Wells, where there is good accommodation. Western Saratoga Springs, Illinois. Growing in repute. In Union county, and near the Illinois Central Railway. White Sulphur Spring, Ohio. A favourite watering-place 18 miles from Columbus. Beautiful scenery in the vicinity. Winooski Falls, Vermont, These are very romantic and numerous; on the Winooski River, which enters Lake Champ- lain a few miles north of Burlington, YeUoio Springs, Pennsylvania, in Chester county. Very beautiful scenery. Much frequented. Yelloio Springs, Ohio, on the Little Miami River in Greene county. A place of some resort during the summer season. n^ H 88 78 'i! ' ^0- . '^^ 0^ : .^'^-. ^. .*" .V^^/uV V .** '^^f®^ /e\ JAM 78 ^^•^ N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA ^ - © n LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ili . .ill llll 014 614 735 5