Progressive Men of 
 Nebraska 
 
 A -BOOK OF TO'RT'R A I T^ 
 
 DODGE COUNTY EDITION 
 
 Introductfbn by ROSS L. HAMMOND 
 
 Historical Review of Dodge County; Compiled 
 from Public and Private Records J» .j» 
 
 With an Appendix ^ ^ Information for 
 the Citizen and Taxpayer ^ ^ ^ 
 
 Edited by D A N I E L M. CA R R 
 
 PROGRESS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 HAfv^MOND BROS. & CARR, Props., FREMONT, NEB. 
 
 '■M^.'mi'M^ 1 9 o 2 'M^.^h'M^ 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 1902 BY DANIEL M. CARR 
 
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To THE WORTHY MEN WHO MID MANY 
 IIATJDSHIPS BRAVED THE LONELI- 
 NESS OF LIFE OX THE FRONTIER, AND 
 BY THEIR EFFORTS TRANSFORMED THE 
 VIRGIN PRAII^E INTO A GARDEN-SPOT 
 NOT EXCELLED IN ALL THE UNION OF 
 STATES, AND ;T6 THEIR WIVES, SONS 
 AND DAT'OHTEIiS, AND TO THE THOTS- 
 ANDS OF OTHERS WHO BY HONEST 
 WORK AX'D EXDEAVOR IN DIFFERENT 
 VO( ATIOXS, HAVE ASSISTED IN 
 1) E V E L O P I N O THE W O X 1) E 1! F I' L 
 RESOURCES OF DODOF, COI'NTY, IS THIS 
 
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 HIS volume is the iniiial one of a series, new and unique 
 in design, and is the first effort made to collect in a 
 vokinie a considerable number of portraits of tlie citi- 
 zens who have been foremost in furthering the inter- 
 ests of their count)- or community. Heretofore all attempts in the 
 direction of securing and preserving the portraits of the worthy ones 
 identified with any section of country lias been carried on in such manner 
 and the cost made so great to those who should have been interested, 
 that only a few received representation, and as a portrait record such a 
 volume generally has been of small value. In this work the greatest 
 effort of the publishers has been to make it as complete as possible. 
 Perfection is not claimed for this work, nor can a compilation of this 
 class be made complete, for no matter how painstaking the publishers 
 and their representatives in the field may be, there are iulluences beyond 
 their power to control that preclude the carrying out of their plans in 
 the fullest. It is with regret that many portraits of worthy and enter- 
 prising citizens have been omitted from this volume. Yet this book is 
 representative of the sterling element of the count}'. But few of the 
 pioneers who during life were active in business and public affairs and 
 who are now numbered with the dead, have been neglected. Herein 
 can be seen many copies of the only likenesses of deceased citizens of 
 
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 Dodge count}-, and in this work iheir portraits will be preserved for 
 generations yet unborn. It is sad to contemplate tlial many were called 
 away and through neglect left no portrait, while many of the portraits 
 obtained were old-fashioned daguerreotypes or so much faded as to be 
 reproduced with the greatest difficulty. 
 
 It is not the purpose of this work to give an exhaustive county his- 
 torj-; its field is to present portraits of the men who have been makers 
 of county history. Neither does it enter the biographical field. All in 
 this volume pertaining to county history has been gathered from the 
 most reliable sources, and plainness and brevity is aimed at rather than 
 verbosity and fulsome inflation. 
 
 To all who have supported this undertaking which has been carried 
 through under man\- difficulties and adverse circumstances, the publish- 
 ers extend their grateful acknowledgments. 
 
 HAMMOND BROS. & CARR. 
 
 Fremont, Neb., July i, 1902. 
 
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 ROM whatever point, be it ever so elevated, only a nar- 
 row view can bo had of the wondrous A// that has 
 been accomplished by the work of progressive man. Not 
 half a century has passed since the vast tract lying 
 between the Missouri river and the Rockv mountains, now a bloom- 
 ing garden of tens of thousands of square miles and supporting 
 millions of prosperous, God-fearing and happy people, was known as 
 the "Great American Desert." The transformation of this vast territory 
 has been phenomenal. A generation has barely passed since white men 
 first looked toward it with a view of building upon its broad expanse 
 homes for themselves and iheir families. There are still living hundreds 
 and thousands who have witnessed its progress from the virgin prairie 
 to innumerable farms, rich and productive and which, in the picture, 
 forms the beautiful background of hundreds of thriving, populous and 
 prosperous cities pulsating with life and industry. The wonders of the 
 Arabian Nights have no greater charm or fascination tlian the story of 
 the growth and development of the Great West. In all this vast area 
 there is no section better illustrative of the miracles wrought by brain 
 and brawn of man than in Dodge countv- Hundreds are stiU living 
 within its limits who have seen its magical changes. These have viewed 
 the flight — the annihilation of herds of buffalo; the dispersion of the 
 
 
 
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 Indian from what was for centuries unknown to the hislorian, his camp- 
 ing and lumting ground, and whose council house has heen replaced by 
 stately churches and halls of justice, and whose tepee has given way for 
 palatial residences and tine schools of higher civilization. 
 
 The far-of? glitter of gold caused caravans of struggling, determined 
 humanity to blaze paths over the expansive plains, the sturdy pioneer 
 planted his standard on their trails and by his labors accomplished in a 
 few short years a work that will live through all the generations to come. 
 Where the painted red- man chased the buffalo and the antelope and 
 engaged betimes in barbarous combat with his enemy, and following in 
 the wake of the argonauts, tracks of steel have made a net-work, and 
 over them fiery, steaming, fast-flying locomotives carry hordes of active 
 pleasure-seeking, wealth-craving human beings, and millions and millions 
 of dollars represented in products of the once "Great American Desert." 
 
 The whole world has devoted a portion of its etiergy in the form of 
 sturdy men and hearty women for the development of the resources of 
 the wonderful country of which Dodge county is a part. It is of the 
 county itself this article is principally intended to deal. From the fire- 
 sides of New England, New York, the central states, the north, the 
 south, came the forerunners of the many thousands who followed to 
 make for themselves homes within the count}'. It is but just that these 
 pioneers find a permanent place in the annals of the countr}' which they 
 so bravely assisted in developing. This is the purpose of this small 
 volume. 
 
 A comparison of the past with the present gives us a better under- 
 standing of the growth and advancement made the past forty-two 3ears. 
 In i860 the total population of Dodge county was 30Q; in 1870, 4,212; 
 in 18S0, 11,191; in 1890, 19,260; and in 1900, 22,298. 
 
 According to the report of the county treasurer made in i860, the 
 funds of the county were as follows: 
 
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 Territorial Fund |;800.00 
 
 County " 612.12 
 
 School " 201.20 
 
 Poll and Road Fund .397.94 
 
 Total Si, 5 11.26 
 
 The monthly report of the count}- treasurer, bearing date of April 
 
 30, 1902, showed the following balances in the different funds: 
 
 Slate Consolidated I 4,507.73 
 
 County, General, 4, 21.?. 91 
 
 " Sinking 37,580.91 
 
 " Road 3,213.57 
 
 " Bridge 3,761.33 
 
 School District 17,929.76 
 
 " Bond 13,432.13 
 
 Cities and Villages 3,454.32 
 
 Townships 3,625.54 
 
 Miscellaneous 25,791.27 
 
 Total $117,514 96 
 
 The total bonded indebtedness of the county is $141,000. 
 Within the county, according to the reports of the assessors made 
 in 1901, there were 213,746 acres of improved land, and 103,168 acres 
 of unimproved, all of which, estimated at $50 per acre shows the landed 
 wealth of the county to be $15,845,700. In 1901 there were 8,326 head 
 of horses; 26,544 head of cattle; 431 head of mules; 9 972 head of sheep 
 and 25,372 head of hogs, besides other domestic animals. The stock 
 here enumerated represents a value exceeding $2,262,000. An approxi- 
 mate estimate of the value of all other property classed as personal is 
 $5 812,854. Thus we find the total wealth of the county reaches the 
 magnificent amount of $23,920,000, and this is a figure far below the 
 actual value. 
 
 The acreage planted in the leading crops in 1901 was as follows: 
 
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Wheat, 27,162: corn, 101,980; oats, 33,229; barley, 886; rye, 767; sugar 
 beets, 3,050: and in meadow, 31,671. Averaging the crops by the usual 
 yield in the county, in 1901 the wheat crop amounted to 698,850 bushels; 
 corn, 4,079,200 bushels: oats, 830,725 bushels. Considering other crops, 
 fruits and vegetables, the agricultural wealth produced in Dodge county 
 in 1901, is sufficiently large enough to give the most e/ithusiastic statis- 
 tician a broad field for speculation. 
 
 The financial institutions of the county in their reports reflect the 
 general prosperity of the people. In the county there are six national 
 banks, two savings banks and seven state banks, whose combined capital 
 is 5718,000. The surplus and profits of these institutions the first 
 quarter of 1902, amounted to $232,100. Their loans amounted to 
 $1,851,005, and deposits to the amount of $3,348,748. When it is 
 known that about two-thirds of the deposits belong to the agricultural 
 classes, some idea of the prosperity of the Dodge count}- farmer can be 
 formed. 
 
 While the scramble for wealth goes on, the moral and the intel- 
 lectual is not overlooked. -Within the countj- outside of the city of Fre- 
 mont there are S^ school districts, with 84 schoolhouses. The total 
 value of district property is $250,814, of which schoolhouses suppl}- a 
 value of $192,103. The total indebtedness of all school districts is 
 $60,732.71. In 1901 156 teachers were employed in the schools outside 
 of the city of Fremont. The total number of children of school age in 
 the county is 8,262; total attendance during 1901, 5,972, with an average 
 daily attendance of 3. 766. 
 
 It is not the purpose to herein give in detail all that appertains to 
 the county's progress, for to do justice would require a volume larger 
 than this. All that has been accomplished is the result of zealous and 
 ceaseless effort by those who have chosen Dodge county as their resi- 
 dence place. To these is all credit due for the county's prosperity. It 
 
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is with satisfaction that this work is presented to the pubHc containing 
 as it does more than four hundred portraits of men — living and dead- 
 who have by their work assisted in making Dodge county the wealthy, 
 prosperous one it is, and who have for themselves gained a worthy place 
 among the progressive men of Nebraska. 
 
 No interest in Dodge county ex'ceeds in importance the men and 
 women of the county. This volume is devoted to picturing the men. 
 The portraits are an epitome of the history of the county. They repre- 
 sent its pluck and push, its intelligence and moral fiber. Many are 
 pioneers; others came later and took up the work of home building with 
 them. Some day, it may be, there will be published a book of portraits 
 of the women, also. Tiie pioneer women deserve a high place in history. 
 They bore with patience and courage the hardships of early days, greater 
 than the men, for they not only had to endure the same hardships but 
 they also had to endure the men. 
 
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 HISTORICAL. 
 
 AR back in a period so remote that ihere are no records 
 of it onl}- those that lie Ijuried in the stratas of the 
 earth's crust, the little section of Nebraska now known 
 as Dodge count}- was the livin<^ place of animals that 
 exist to-day only in skeleton, and clay and plaster models in the 
 museums of the world. Those animals of the Miocene and Pliocene 
 periods lived in a country- so vasth- different from the Dodge county and 
 Nebraska of to-day as are the sunny Antilles different from the polar 
 regions. Scientists say that these great mammals — specimens of the 
 rhinoceros, camel, elephant, mastodon, the musk-deer, several species of 
 the horse now extinct, and various other quadrupeds known to the 
 scientists and paleontologists of the present only by bones recovered 
 from the earth's recesses — lived some millions of years ago among 
 gigantic plants and flora such as people of the present can picture only 
 by the most livelv exercise of the imagination. Not alone did these 
 great animals abound in the little tract now Dodge count}', but roamed 
 over a great part of what is now the state of Nebraska. Then came a 
 period when the land was covered with water — a great lake whose rich 
 deposits now give wealth to the land and make it among the richest for 
 agricultural purposes that can be found in all these United States. 
 
 It matters little to people living in this age whether or not it was a 
 thousand years, ten thousand or ten million years ago that such a condi- 
 
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 tion existed, but that it did exist in the hght of modern knowledf^e is it 
 matter indisputable. At a more recent time before the advent of the 
 white man in Nebraska, it was a paradise for animals — buffalo, elk, deer, 
 beaver, foxes —all were in abundance and at home on the prairies and 
 slopes and along the streams. 
 
 Just who was the first civilized white man to visit what is no 
 Dodge county, perhaps will ever remain a mere matter of conjecture. 
 It may be possible that the noted de Coronado and his associates in 1541 
 visited this section, for it is certainly a part of what he was pleased to 
 call Gran Quivira — where he saw the strange animal, the buffalo. It is 
 within the range of possibility that this garden spot was visited by the 
 good Father Padilla, the Franciscan friar, who accompanied Coronado, 
 and who later with a single guide and a few Indian servants as his com- 
 panions, started from old Mexico and traveled to the Platte river, there 
 intending to labor in teaching the poor Indian the Word of Life and the 
 love of the Savior. Fate was unkind to Padilla, and soon after his 
 arrival in the land of Quivira he was slain by savages whom he thought 
 to be friendly. His body was laid at rest near the Platte river, and 
 while the exact place has never been learned it is possible that they may 
 rest in Dodge county. Padilla was the first Christian missionarj- to 
 become a martyr for his Master on American soil, and surely blessed 
 should be Dodge county if within its limits his mold reposes. 
 
 For some two hundred years it is not known that any other white 
 man ever set foot within the limits of Nebraska. It may be that ven- 
 turesome men who in the early part of the eighteenth century became 
 identified with wandering Indian tribes visited Nebraska and Dodge 
 county, but if such be the case no records have been left. About the 
 middle of the eighteenth century French missionaries crossed from 
 Canada and visited different sections of the Mississippi and Missouri 
 river country. In their annals reference is made to the Indians and the 
 countr}' now supposed to have been west of the Missouri in what is 
 Nebraska. About the first of the nineteenth century French fur traders 
 from St. Louis had their trading posts among the Indians along the 
 Missouri and Platte rivers. 
 
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 In 1S04 the first authentic information of the cotintr\' and its people 
 was gained by the Lewis and Clarke expedition. It was in the middle 
 of July, 1S04, that the expedition reached the Platte river and visited wiih 
 the Otoes, who at that time consisted of some two hundred souls and 
 made their homes along the Elkhorn and Missouri rivers. Further west 
 were the Pawnees. Some two weeks were spent by the members of 
 the expedition in the neighborhood of the Platte and Missouri rivers, and 
 no doubt those brave men trod upon the soil of this count}-. 
 
 In 1S20 an expedition under Major Steplien N. Long, acting upon 
 orders of John C. Calhoun, then secretary of war of the United States, 
 after camping during the winter a few miles from Bellevue, oi- "Council 
 Bluffs," on the west side of the Missouri, earl\- in the spi ing of that yea 
 followed the north bank of the Platte river westward until the}' had the 
 first sigiit of the Rocky mountains. The same year the partv returned 
 by following the Platte river to its mouth. The first settlement was 
 made in Nebraska in 1S47 by Peter A. Sarpy, who for years conducted 
 a trading post for the American Fur companv, though as early as 1823 
 a school had been established at "Council Bluffs" or Bellevue, but was 
 discontinued on account of the indifference manifested by the Indians in 
 the matter of education. It was not imiil 1S54 ^'^'^'^ there was any con- 
 certed action toward the making of homes in what was then thought to 
 be a land of little agricultural promise. 
 
 COUNTY ORGANIZATION, 
 
 The organizition of Dodge countv was by territorial act approved 
 March 15, 1855. This act defined the boundaries of the county as 
 follows: 
 
 "Commencing at a point on the Platte river, at the southwest corner 
 of Douglas county, running westerly along said Platte river to the mouth 
 of Shell creek, thence north twenty-five miles; thence east to the western 
 bounds of Washington county : thence south to place of beginning. The 
 town of Fontanelle shall be the place of justice in and for said county." 
 
 By an act approved November 2 1858, a boundary line was estab- 
 lished between Washington and Dodge counties as follows: 
 
 '•Beginning at the fourth standard parallel, two miles east of the 
 
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 southwest corner of township seventeen (17), range ten (10), east of the 
 Sixth P. M.; thence north twelve miles to the line between ranges nine 
 (9) and ten (10); thence north to the south line of Burt counlj-." 
 
 The boundaries of Dodge count}' were finally fixed as they exist 
 to-day by an act of the state legislature in 1S69, when the line between 
 Burt and Dodge counties was established as follows: 
 
 "Commencing at the northwest corner of township twenty, north of 
 range eight, east; and tlience east along the Fifth standard parallel to 
 the northeast corner of section six, township twenty, nortli of range nine, 
 east; thence south on the section line one mile east of, and parallel with 
 the guide meridian, four miles to the north line of Washington county, 
 as defined by the act of the legislature of the territory oi Nebraska, 
 approved February 9, 1857." 
 
 Dodge county is bounded on the north by Cuming and Burt coun- 
 ties; on the east by Washington and Burt counties; on the south bv 
 Saunders and Douglas counties and on the west by Colfax county. Its 
 area is about five hundred and nine square miles, or 325,546 acres, 
 divided into fourteen townships, viz: Webster, Pebble, Cuming, Logan, 
 Pleasant Valley, Ridgeley, Everett, Hooper, Union, Cotterell, Maple, 
 Nickerson, Platte and Elkhorn. 
 
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 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 The topography of the county presents an unduhuing surface with 
 wide tracts of prairie and level tracts along the Platte and Elkhorn 
 rivers and at places along the smaller streams. The soil is an alluvial 
 deposit, a rich loam in places mixed with sand. There are few sloughs 
 in the county, all its great area being under natural drainage. More 
 than eighty-five per cent is susceptible to high cultivation, and is 
 unequaled in fertility b}- any otiier like area within all the United States. 
 The county is well- watered and drajned by the Elkhorn, the principal 
 stream of the county, which was given its name by Lewis and Clarke in 
 their diary of their e.vpedition in 1804; the Rawhide, Cuming, Pebble, 
 Logan, Clark and Maple creeks, all of which flow in a general easterl}' 
 direction. It is well here to give the origin of the names of the creeks: 
 Rawhide was so called on account of Pawnee Indians capturing a man, 
 Selh Esterbrook, who was with a part}- of immigrants bound for C;di- 
 fornia, and skinning him alive for wantonly shooting a squaw to fulfil a 
 promise made to shoot the first Indian he saw. He was taken from 
 among his comrades, and after being firml}- bound was skinned alive, 
 dying before the opei^ation was completed. His skin was tanned and 
 was retained by the Pawnees as long as they remained in Nebraska terri- 
 tory and taken with them to their reservation in the Indian Territory. 
 
 Pebble creek contains in places numerous white pebbles, and these 
 wei-e abundant at one of the early fords used by pioneers and troops, 
 and from these was its name derived, and later the township of the 
 same name was called for the stream. 
 
 Logan creek was named after Logan Fontanelle, a kind chief of 
 the Omaha tribe, and after whom was also named the old town of Fonta- 
 nelle, which was the first seat of government of Dodge county and a 
 rival of Omaha for the capital of the territory of Nebraska. 
 
 Clark creek was named after Dr. M. H. Clark who was territorial 
 representative from Dodge county. 
 
 The name of Maple creek was given it on account of groves of soft 
 maple on its banks. Upon this creek the first settlement in the county 
 was made in 1S56. 
 
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 The soil oE the county is adapted to the growing of every tiind of 
 cereal and vegetable that can be cultivated in a temperate climate. All 
 the hardy fruits thrive, and from the first settlement of the county more 
 than ordinary attention has been given to the growing and care of 
 orchards which dot the county from border to border. Apples, pears, 
 plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, and all the smaller fruits are grown 
 in abundance. The chief cereal crops are wheat, rye, oats, corn, and 
 flax and all the various grasses grow luxuriantly. Potatoes and all 
 tuberous vegetables produce prodigiously and of highest quality. The 
 production of sugar beets has received more than ordinary attention the 
 past half dozen years and thousands of acres are cultivated each year to 
 supply the immense beet sugar plant at Leavitt, some nine miles west 
 of Fremont. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT, 
 
 While there are no records to show that any permanent settlement 
 had been made in the section now comprising Dodge county, before 
 1856, for many years prior venturesome hunters and trapjiers had lived 
 along the Platte and the Elkhorn, and the country had become well 
 known to the early fi^eighters across the plains. A few years before 
 the founding of Fremont, a camping place had been established near 
 what later became the site of North Bend. The first permanent settle- 
 ments date from 1S56, that year settlements having been made both at 
 Fremont and where North Bend is now located. Both these sites 
 occupy positions traversed by the old military road from Omaha to 
 Fort Kearney, and were on the main trail north of the Platte of the 
 immigrants bound for the Rocky Mountains and beyond. In those 
 days the Indian was a menace to the peace and safety of the overland 
 travelers, and the settlers as well. On the south side of the Platte 
 river opposite the site of Fremont there were a few thousand Pawnee 
 Indians occupying the bluffs. They were inclined to be troublesome 
 when they first noticed the encroachment of the white men into the 
 country which they claimed as their own, but to which they had no 
 right, the Omahas having claimed the land and by treaty made some 
 years before relinquished their right to the United States. 
 
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 The first permanent settlement made in Dodge county as it is now 
 defined, was near Maple creek in April, 1856, by John and Arthur 
 Bloomer. On the 4th day of July following, a party from Lake county, 
 Illinois, consisting of George Young and wife, Robert, John, William 
 and Alexander Miller, and Elizabeth Miller, who later became the wife 
 of Hon. William H. Ely of Fremont, and George McNaughton, landed 
 overland at the place where the town of North Bend was laid out a year 
 later. There they camped until they could erect rough Cottonwood 
 cabins, which thej' proceeded to do. The lands of Nebraska were just 
 opened to settlement in this section, and the}' "squatted" on the tracts 
 they had chosen until a survey could be made, and at a later period duly 
 entered their homestead claims. 
 
 FOUNDING OF FREMONT, 
 
 About a month after the Millers and others arrived at North Bend 
 a start was made toward the foundation of a town in the eastern part 
 of the county by the Fremont Town Company, which was launched by 
 Pinne}', Barnard & Co., consisting of George M. Pinney, James G. 
 Smith, Robert Kiltie, Robert Moorland — later killed by Indians — ^John 
 A. Koontz, Seth P. Marvin and E. H. Barnard. These gentlemen 
 landed in the vicinity of the present site of Fremont August 23rd, 1S56, 
 and the townsite company was organized on the 26th of tiie same motith, 
 and stakes were set outlining the proposed town and the boundaries of 
 the same. The first iiabitation of any kind for the use of white men was 
 erected by Messrs. Barnard and Koontz at the time the townsite was 
 staked out. It was a roughly improvised cabin built of poles and 
 thatciied with prairie grass, and served as a place of shelter for them- 
 selves and wavfarers, everyone needing a sheltering place being wel- 
 comed to it so long as it afforded room. This little wayside hostelry 
 stood on the site where now stands the Congregational church in the 
 the cit}' of Fremont. The first settlers who are now living all remem- 
 ber this abode, which at times sheltered more than a dozen from the 
 inclement weather. Robert Kittle was the first to erect a house of any 
 pretentions. It was built of "peeled" cottonwood logs, shingled with 
 
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 cedar shingles made by Mr. Kittle from logs floated down the Platte 
 river from a point now the site of the Elkhorn railway bridge, and for 
 a frontier town the house presented a highly aristocratic appearance. It 
 stood on the corner of Broad street and iNIilitary Avenue. In this build- 
 ing was also the first general trading carried on by Mr. Kittle who had 
 brought from his store in New York state a lot of goods which he sold 
 to the new comers to the town of Fremont. The first real business en- 
 terprise in the mercantile line was established by James G. and J. 
 Towner Smith, who commenced their business in a "dugout," soon 
 erecting and occupying a log store. 
 
 EARLY DAY HARDSHIPS. 
 
 The trials of the early settlers were severe. The winter of 1856- 
 57 was one of great hardship for all who were in the little colony. Snow 
 was deep and the cold terrible. Blizzards made it hard for the men to 
 even venture out to secure fuel to keep lires going. There was not an 
 oversuppl}' of food in the town, and in all the h;irdships were such as 
 to remain firmly fixed in the memories of the ones now living and who 
 passed through the bitter experience. The following spring an effort 
 was made to plant crops, but the autumn found a scant harvest, except 
 of squaw corn, of which many acres were grown, and starvation stared 
 many of the residents of the new town in the face. These pioneers 
 were not of the stuff that becomes easily discouraged. They had come 
 from sturdy stock and were determined to win in their new homes in the 
 West. The women as well as the men possessed the greatest fortitude, 
 and industriously set to work to make homes for themselves. Barrenness 
 spread over the land, excepting here and there along the Platte river little 
 growths of timber. Soon as the townsite was surveyed and the streets 
 defined, the work of planting trees was commenced, and to this fore- 
 sight of these people are the generations of to-day indebted for the hand- 
 somely shaded streets which are such a source of pride to the city of 
 Fremont. 
 
 While the first months of 1857 found not more than a dozen heads 
 of families in the new town of Fremont — named for General Fremont — 
 
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 few of them had removed their wives and families to their new homes. 
 The first home established in the town was that of Rev. Isaac E. Heaton, 
 his wife and two daughters, who located in the town in October of 1856 
 and occupied the house heretofoie mentioned as erected b}- Robert 
 Kittle. This good man, who for some years has been <it rest from 
 earthly toil, did much to lighten the burdens of the pioneers and cheer 
 them on their way to success in their frontier town. In the early part 
 of 1858 the Pike's Peak excitement was the means of enthusing new 
 life into the new town of Fremont, it being one of the stopping places 
 on the trail toward the Rockies. 
 
 TOWNSHIP SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 According to the most relidble authorities, the following named 
 persons, outside of Fremont and North Bend, were the first to settle in 
 their respective townships. M itthew S. Cotterell, James Hamphrey, 
 Alexander Murrison and John M. S nith came from Ohio in 1S57 and 
 brought into the county the first steam sawmill. Mr. Cotterell claimed 
 a half section of land, upon which the town of North Bind now stands, 
 while a little later his companions settled in Union township. In Union 
 township the first settlement was made by a small colony, which con- 
 sisted of R )bert Miller, John Miller, George Young, and George Mc- 
 Naughton and their families. In Elkhorn township, the first settler 
 was Tliomas L,ee, who in 1S56 located on the northwest quaiter of sec- 
 tion 19. A year later Albert J )hnson settled near by him. In Cuming 
 township, the first settler to permanently make a home for himself was 
 B. B. Moore, who with his family settled near what was known as 
 "Dead Timber" in 1856. In 1859 James B. Robinson located in the 
 same localit}', and later became one of the first grist mill proprietors in 
 Dodge count}-, and for some years was owner and operator of the Peb- 
 ble creek mill. 
 
 In Everett township the first settlers were Gerhard Monnich and 
 Herman M )nnich, his son, who took squatter's claims in the northern 
 part of the township. They were the first of a number of enterprising 
 farmers who have made this township one of the best in the county. 
 
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 In Hooper township the first settlers were Hiram H. Ladd and 
 Mrs. Denslow, the latter the mothei' of Jerry Denslow, now a promin- 
 ent banker of Hooper. iMr. Ladd settled on section 30 — where he has 
 since lived — -in 1S56, and there he built the first house in the lilkhorn 
 Valley, north of Fontanelle. 
 
 The first extensive settlement in Logan township was made by 
 the colony of Scandinavians, who took up land there soon after the 
 
 RESIDENCE OF R. M. ALLEN, NEAR AMES. 
 
 close of the war. Tiie first settler, as far as known, was Mr. Theodore 
 Uehling, who in 1S60 settled on section iS, township 19, range 9. 
 
 In Maple township the first settlers were Stedman Hager and 
 sons, Eli and Seneca II iger, who came to the county in 1856 and locat- 
 ed upon land in section 20 and later dul}' entered the same. Rev. 
 Jacob Adriance located near what is now known as Jamestown in (8^8, 
 and during the next few years numerous others settled in the same 
 locality. 
 
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 In Nickerson township tlie first land holder was Henry Depew, 
 one of the earliest lawyers to locate in Nebraska, and he in 1S57, pur- 
 chased from the government a quarter section of land in section 13. 
 Upon this tract he failed to pay taxes, and the land reverted to the 
 government, and in July, 1859, ^'^^ acquired by Michael Herman and 
 subsequently it became the site of the village of Nickerson. Michael 
 Herman, the purchaser of this land, has the honor of being the first ac- 
 tual settler in what is now Nickerson township, though as early as 1855 
 J. H. Peters, who was one of the Fontanelle colony, claimed the tract 
 upon which he at present resides and cultivated a part of the same. 
 
 In Platte township, the first settlers were the Beebe and McNeal 
 families, who were also among the earliest settlers in Dodge county. 
 They located upon the land two miles west of the present city of Fre- 
 mont. 
 
 In Pebble township Daniel Beckwith, it is claimed, was the first 
 settler, locating on land there in 1S68; the same year W. T. Cohee, 
 John Herder, and Fred Molle located in the same township. 
 
 In Pleasant Valley township the first settlement was made by a 
 Scotchman, James Ferguson, who settled on section 24, in the fall of 
 1868. During the next few years there was a large number of settlers 
 located upon land there, including John Ross, Henr) Ross, Jacob Long- 
 acre and numerous others. 
 
 In Ridgeley township the first settler was Frank M Tillman, now 
 living in retirement at Hooper. He settled in section 26 in June, 1868. 
 The same year V. Banghart, Henry I>anghart and a few olhers located 
 in the same township. The next 3-ear James M. Cruickshank, Frank 
 C. Scott, Henry Sievers, A. L. Holbrook and a number of others 
 located upon land in this township. As early as 1868 a post-office had 
 been established called Ridgele}', and A. L. Holbrook was its first post- 
 master. 
 
 In Webster township there was no permanent settlement made 
 until about 1869, when a number of Bohemian settlers located there. 
 
 EARLY INDUSTRY. 
 
 For the first two years the settlement of the country- about Fremont 
 
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 and North Bind was slow. Little attention paid to agricultural pur- 
 suits, each homesteader devoting only small portions of holdings to the 
 growing of corn and other crops essential to his own needs, at that time 
 there being no near market. Freighting was beginning to be an im- 
 portant industry across the plains, and both Fremont and North Bend 
 were benefited by the numerous caravans that passed on their way be- 
 tween the Missouri and the Rocky Mountain country. In 1S58 and 
 1859 the Pike's Peak excitement caused a healthy growth in the 
 freighting industry, and numerous ones who had made for themselves 
 homes in both Fremont and North Bend entered that strenuous and 
 hazardous business. Some small settlements were made upon Maple 
 creek, others as far north as Pebble creek. In 1859 there were not 
 more than forty inhabitants in the new town of Fremont. The heads 
 of the families can here be enumerated: Mr. and Mrs. Robert Kittle, 
 Mr. and Mrs. George Turner, Mrs. Margaret Turner, Mr. and Mrs. R. 
 W. Hazen, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Flor, Mrs. E. H. Rogers, Mr. and Mrs. 
 L. W. Reynolds, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Moorland, Mr. and Mrs. J. G. 
 Smith and Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Pierce, and E. H. Barnard and John A. 
 Koontz, who still occupied their cabin on the site where now stands the 
 Congregational church. The town was one of log houses. In the 
 vicinity of the site of the little town of Ames there were a few settlers, 
 and they were the first to become permanent land holders in the section 
 now Dodge county. There settled Henry P., L'hauncy C, John, Martin 
 and Charles Beebe, then young men who had come from Wisconsin in 
 May of 1S56, with their mother, and their brother-in-law, Abraham 
 McNeal and family. In September, the family of Henry P. Beebe 
 moved into the country. The same j'ear Eli Hager, Seth T. Marvin, 
 Charles Waldo and George Peck all settled west of Fremont and in the 
 vicinity of Ames. Between 1856 and 1858 a total of about fifty famil- 
 ies settled in the country about Fremont and North Bend. 
 
 The first white children to be born in the county were twin girls, 
 born to Mr. and iMrs. Abraham McNeal, July 8th, 1856. In November 
 following the first male child was born to Mr. and Mrs. George Young, 
 near the town of North Bend. 
 
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 PAWNEE INDIAN TROUBLES. 
 
 As heretofore stated, the Pawnee Indians until about i860, occu- 
 pied the bluffs south of the river opposite Fremont. There were four 
 bands of them and variously estimated in number from three to five 
 thousand. From the very commencement of the town of Fremont, the 
 settlers were in dread of these Indians, whose attitude at different times 
 threatened disaster to the small settlement. West of Fremont iMr. and 
 Mrs. Seth P. Mirvin built for themselves a small log cabin where they 
 resided until a better home could be provided in the new town. While 
 the pioneers of Fremont were cuttinj^ timber for the homes they were 
 about to build for themselves and families the attitude of tlie Indians 
 became such as to cause more tiian ordinary alarm. The Red Man 
 seemed not to look upon with favor the encroachments of the Pale Faces. 
 Duriny the absence of Mr. Marvin from his home, a number of Indians 
 surrounded his house, severely frightening his wife and children by the 
 threats the}' made. Those of the communit}' who were cutting logs for 
 their houses were summoned, and Mr. Kittle and a few other men went 
 to the Mirvin home armed with guns and with the determination to 
 have an understanding with the Indians, who numbeied some two 
 hundred. Mi". Kittle was the spokesman for the part}'. He asked the 
 chief the reason wh}^ his braves and himself were tiiere. Was it to 
 frighten the woman and lier two little sons? The chief in charge of the 
 Pawnees was known as IIow-E-Tat, and he was also head spokesman, 
 having for his interpreter "Pawnee Rogers," who had the distinction of 
 having attended the mission school at Bellevue. To Mr. Kittle's interro- 
 gation,the chief replied, "What are you Pale Faces here for, cutting our 
 timber and grasses? We want you to stop at once and leave the coun- 
 try or pa}' for our lands, which we have owned ever since this broad 
 'river ran or the grasses have grown here. Why do you come here and 
 take our land? You may all stop your work here and leave in three 
 days, or we will burn you out or kill and drive away your cattle and 
 horses and your people." Mr. Kittle, who had informed hiiriself as to 
 the treaties made by the government with the Indians and knew that 
 they had no right to the land, answered the chief thus: "You can come 
 
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 here in three days and you will find the people building their houses 
 and cutting hay. (Woo-Woo!) We know very well there are enough 
 of the Pawnees to kill and eat our few white people here, but shall we 
 be cowards and not speak the truth to you? You never owned the 
 land on which we are making our houses; vou never owned the land on 
 which the Pawnee house stands. The Omahas gave you the land to 
 build j'our home on — your allies — for reasons that you might be near 
 them, and because you were afraid to live on your own lands so near 
 the Sioux. The Great Father at Washington bought this land from the 
 Omahas by treaty and you never owned a foot of it." 
 
 This speech of Mr. Kittle's was greeted with exclamations of dis- 
 approval by ihe Indians, who with "Woo-Woos!" interrupted him, but 
 with the only effect of making him more determined to impress upon them 
 the fact that if a single settler was molested the powers at Wash- 
 ington would send a large army of Pale Faces to wipe from the face of 
 the earth every livincr Pawnee. It was sundown ere the interview was 
 closed. Many of the Indians had left and gone lo their tepees across 
 the river. Young Spotted Horse, a chief thought to be friendly to the 
 whites, was one of the last to leave and when about lo take his depart- 
 ure said that he would give the Pale Faces three days to leave their lands, 
 but he was careful to make no threats. All the Pawnees then returned 
 to their village, but of the attempt made by the reds to intimidate the 
 whites there was no repetition. 
 
 After the return of Mr. Kittle and companions to Fremont, they 
 told of the threatening attitude of the Indians and a council of the settlers 
 was immediately held and steps taken for the protection of themselves 
 and families. There was a scarcity of fire arms and ammunition in the 
 settlement, and it was decided to immediately send to Omaha, and not 
 alone secure the needed arms, but inform the territorial authorities there 
 and if possible secure volunteers to assist in protecting the small settle- 
 ment. James G. Smiih made the trip to Omaha, going by night and 
 returning the second night, accompanied on his return trip by two boxes 
 of muskets and a few volunteers. A partially completed log shanty, 
 which had a cellar was used for a fortification. The next morning, the 
 Indians from the bluffs on the opposite side of the river could have seen 
 
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 a number of men marching and counter marching in front of the impro- 
 vised fort. These guards, while expecting trouble and while in readi- 
 ness to meet their adversaries, saw no Indiams until along in the afternoon, 
 when three mounted braves rode from out the limber. Upon beholding 
 the gleaming bayonets in the hands of determined men, they seem to 
 have wavered in what might have been their intentions and turning, rode 
 toward the timber. One member of the guard called them back. After 
 some hesitation, one of the number came forward. He was Young 
 Spotted Horse, who had give the whites three days to leave their land. 
 He appeared friendly, shook hands with the guard and in reply to the 
 question whether the Indians were coming to tight the whites, said "no," 
 and quietly departed for the council house of his tribe. Thus was 
 ended the tirst threatened Pawnee Indian war. Though the Indians 
 never again attempted to molest the whites, they nevertheless enter- 
 tained an unfriendly attitude, and quite often members of the different 
 bands resorted to petty plunder and killing stock. Throughout the stay 
 of the Indians in the country, tliere was more or less trading between 
 them and the whites. 
 
 In July of 1859 the Pawnees were menaced by the Sioux, long their 
 enemy, and moved to the north side of the river. The following day, 
 their village on the south bank was burned, including the great council 
 house, which was some 60 feet in diameter. The P,n\ nees proceeded 
 towards the north, hopin;^ to meet ihe Om.dias, their allies, somewhere 
 on the Elkhorn river, thus to .-irtngilien iheii force.x should it he nect s- 
 sary to enter into combat with the Sioux. On the 28 h of July, ilie 
 Pawnees camped near Cuming creek. In this i eighborhood Thorn s 
 S. Parks had located upon land which he had stocked wiih fine cattle 
 from the east. This herd was valued at more than $1,00000, and upon 
 it the Indians made a successful raid, running ( ff a numner of head :md 
 killing and wounding many of the remainder. This aciion incensed the 
 seltltrs of the countv and word was sent to Governor B ack, Hdvisinjr 
 him of the depredations and asUng liim for proiection. A volunlter 
 company of twenty-five men was raised and siaittd out upon the track 
 of the Indians. This small company was put iti the field just in time to 
 prevent more serious depredations by the Indians, who had planned to 
 
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 make a raid upon the settlers of the Uttle town of DeWitt, some five 
 miles north of West Point, in Cuming county. There an engacrement 
 took place in which three Indians were killed, and one of the volunteers, 
 James H. Peteis (in 1902 hving near Nickerson, at the age of 82 years 
 was wounded in the arm. This httle engagement caused great excite- 
 ment, not alone in Dodge county, which had supplied all its available 
 male population able to carry arms, btit caused considerable agitation in 
 Oiualia. Major General John M. Thayer was ordered b)' Governor 
 Black to Fonianelle and to the call for volunteers, Fremont responded 
 with a noble compan}-, North Bend supplied forty men, and along Maple 
 creek another considerable force was gathered for service. These men 
 were gathered together and under charge of General Thayer started on 
 the trail of the Indians, whom ihey at last overtook, but the wily red 
 man unfurled the stars and stripes and Skarrarrar-de-Sliarra, the head 
 chief, threw down his bow and arrows and informed his would be captors 
 that he did not want to fight. The cannon carried by the volunteers 
 seemed to terrorize the reds and the Indian war came to an end, with no 
 other bloodshed than the kiilinir of the three Indians and the slight wound 
 received by Mr. Peters. There was an understanding that the Indians 
 woidd cease the'r depredations, and so long as tliey remained in 
 Nebraka Territory, the}' gave settlers Init little trouble. 
 
 COUNTY SEAT AFFAIRS, 
 
 The first Dodge county election was held December 12th, 1854, at 
 Fontanelle, as designated in the act of the territorial legislature thai pro- 
 vided for the organization of Dodge county. Pyight votes were polled 
 upon this occasion and Doctor M. H. Clark was elected a member of 
 the territorial council and Judge J. \V. Richardson and Col. E. R. Doyle, 
 were elected members of the house of representatives. The first county 
 officers elected were chosen in the fall of 1856. They were as follows: 
 Probate judge, James G. Smith; county treasurer, IIenr\- P. Beebe; 
 sheriff, J. M. Hancock; county commissioners, W. E. Lee, Thomas 
 Fitzsimmons, and L. C. Baldwin. Sumner D. Prescott was chosen 
 as the first county clerk. At that time there were three precincts 
 
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 in the county, Fremont, North Bend and Maple Creek. Fontanelle 
 was made the seat of justice by the territorial act and remained 
 such until i860, when the boundaries of Dodire county were changed 
 and the county seat selected by popular vote. Three candidates entered 
 the field for county seat honors. At the election which ensued Fremont 
 received 62 votes, the other two candidates, Robinsonville and Black- 
 smith's Point, receiving total of three votes, the former two, and the 
 latter one. 
 
 During the period that Fontanelle was the county seat all official 
 business was transacted at private houses, the homes of the different 
 officials. Upon the removal of the county seat there was contention over 
 which county, Washington or Dodge, should retain the public records. 
 For ten years after Fremont became the county capital, the county offices 
 were maintained at the homes of the different officers, and in leased 
 apartments. The question of building a county court-house was dis- 
 cussed at various times, but it was not until during the January session, 
 1866, of the county commissioners court, that definite action was taken 
 upon the matter of providing a county court-house. The commissioners 
 at that time were George Turner, J. E. Dorsey and George Young. 
 J. J. Hawthorne, one of the extensive property owners of Fremont, do- 
 nated to the couniy the block known as number 96, as a building site for 
 the county building. His donation was accepted, and bids for a wooden 
 court-house were advertised for, the building to be 30 by 60 feet, two 
 story. In October of the same year, the plan of erecting a wooden 
 building was discarded and a decision made in favor of a brick structure. 
 The following year — 1867 — the contract for the erection of this building 
 was awarded to John Ray at $4,950 00, by Commissioners Ciiristopher 
 Knoell, George Turner and Gv-'o^ge Young. This building was com- 
 pleted early in the autumn of the year and duly accepted by the county 
 commissioners on September 3rd, 1867. In 1871, the building was 
 repaired and remodeled. July 3rd, 1884, a wind storm damaged it and 
 on December 3rst, 1SS7, a portion of it was burned along with the 
 records of the clerk of court's ofiice. The building was again repaired 
 and was used until 18S8, when the question of building a new court- 
 house and issuing bonds in the amount of $50,000.00 for same was sub- 
 
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 milted to popular vote. The proposition carried. The city of Fremont 
 also voted bonds to the amount of $10,000.00 to assist in its building 
 under the proviso that the city have the use of three rooms in the court- 
 house building for municipal purposes. Bids for the construction of the 
 building were advertised for and the successful biddei' out of si.xteen was 
 Seeley Sons & Co., of Fremont, the contract price being $50,533.50, 
 not including furniture. This building is an ornament to the city and is 
 one of the best constructed public buildings in the state for its cost to 
 the county. The building was dedicated to public use October 4th, 
 1890, upon which occasion lion. E. F. Gray delivered an eloquent 
 address. 
 
 The first jail of the county was in the first court-house. Prior to 
 thai, prisoners being kepi in improvised cells in the buildings of the 
 towti. In 1874 a jail was built of brick at a cost of $9,832.00, and the 
 same is still in use. 
 
 In 1S84 a farm which had been rented for several years as a poor 
 farm was purchased by the county, and since then numerous improve- 
 ments have been made upon it. Fortunately, the pauper population of 
 the county is small and is maintained and supported at a minimum cost 
 to the taxpaj'ers. 
 
 RAILWAYS AND TELEGRAPH, 
 
 Without railroads, the West woulii be, no doubt, almost the barren, 
 uncultivated country it was half a centurv aeo. While there were some 
 good settlements made prior to the advent of the railroads, they were 
 made with the firm conviction that roads would be built. The telegraph 
 line, now part of the Western Union system, was constructed some four 
 years before the Union Pacific was built into Dodge county, and Fre- 
 mont was the most important town on the line. The matter of a trans- 
 continental system, or line of railroad had long occupied the attention of 
 the people and the government. Senator Tom Benton, of Missouri, 
 earl}' as 1825 urged upon congress the importance of the building of a 
 road across the continent, and "a communication for commercial pur- 
 poses between the Pacific and the Mississippi, and to send the lights of 
 
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 science and religion into Eastern Asia." Benton's vision was wizard- 
 like, as at that time, railroads as they are to-day were of a dreamy exist- 
 ence, and nbt a dozen miles of track in all the United States. Even as 
 early as 1778, years when Thrivetheck and Stevenson were strugglin<r 
 with ihe problem of steam railroads, Jonathan Carver prophesied that 
 the lime would come when the great expanse between the Atlantic and 
 Pacific would be traversed by steam carriages. In 1835 Rev. Samuel 
 Parker, who made a trip across the continent, recorded an opinion that 
 there was no insuperable obstacle in the way of building a railroad 
 across the great Rocky Mountains. A year later, a Welshman, John 
 Plumbe, Jr., who was a naturalized American and who lived at Dubuque, 
 Iowa, commenced under personal supervision and at his own expense a 
 survey for a railroad to run from Lake Michigan to the Pacific. lie in 
 1838, succeeded through Hon. George W. Jones, in procuring an appro- 
 priation from Congress to defray the expense of the first division of his 
 line. Many far-sighted and progressive citizens agitated tlie matter of 
 a trans-continental railroad, which at last lesulied in the passage of the 
 laws allowing and directing the building of the Pacific railroad. Each 
 state and territory of the West took up the question. The support it 
 received was unanimous. Dr. M. H.Clark, the first representative from 
 Dodge county to the first teriiioiial legislature, in a lengthy report to 
 that body favored the construction of the Pacific railroad — now the great 
 Union Pacific. Nearly a dozen years passed before the road was built 
 to Dodge count\- and to Fremont, the date of its com|iletion to the town 
 being January 24, 1866. A few weeks later it was built to the western 
 limits of the county follow iug tlie Platte River for twenty-five miles. 
 Immediately upon the construction of the road there commenced an era 
 of prosperit}- and growth, that has ever since continued, interrupted 
 only by a few seasons of drouth and the grasshopper plague. This 
 great road was built by the general government without cost to the peo- 
 ple of the county, other than the donation of right-of-way and grounds 
 for depots. The road has done much to encouiage settlement, and the 
 upbuilding of industries in the county. Under its present management 
 it has become one of the greatest and most prosperous of American rail- 
 roads, and in general equipment, roadbed and conservative \et progress- 
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 ive conduct is unsurpassed. In 1902 in connection witii the Elkhorn 
 Valley road a larye union depot that will be an ornament and a great 
 convenience to the town, is planned, and every guarantee given that it 
 will be completed at an early date. 
 
 TuK S[oux City & Pacific Railroad, of which there are seven 
 miles in Dodge county, and which is operated as a part of the Fremont, 
 Elkhorn & Missouri Valley railroad, all of which is of the superb Chi- 
 cago & Northwestern system, was completed to Fremont in 1869, three 
 years after the Union Pacific reached the town. To secure tlie building 
 of this road, which was designed as one of the Pacific roads built under 
 charter from the goverment to run from Sioux City to Fremont where 
 it was to connect with the main line of the Union Pacific, Dodge county 
 issued twenty-year bonds in the sum of $50,000. The Sioux City & 
 Pacific was promoted by a number of Dodge and Washington county 
 men, who organized for the building of an "air line railway." To this 
 company fifty sections of land was made over by the state government 
 for the purpose of assisting in the building of the road from the Missouri 
 River to Fremont. After making all arrangements for the construction 
 of the road, the affairs of the company were turned over to John I. Blair, 
 who financiered and completed the line. 
 
 The Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley Railway, which is 
 a section of the Chicago & Northwestern system, has fifty miles of track 
 in Dodge count3-— and including the Sioux City & Pacific, fifty-seven 
 miles. In 1869-70 there was an united effort made in Fremont toward 
 the building of a new road from Fremont up the valley of the Elkhorn. 
 Robert Kittle and others were the prime movers in the undertaking. 
 Their woik resulted in Dodge county voting $120,000 in twenty-year 
 bonds to help along the enterprise, also donating a stipulated lot of land. 
 John I. Blair was again the power to whom the people turned, and the 
 Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley Railroad Company was organized, 
 its papers of incorporation being dated January 20, 1S69, and before the 
 first of the year 1870, ten miles of the road were built northwest from 
 Fremont, and wiihin another year the road was built to West Point, in 
 Cuming county. The building onward of the line through to northern 
 
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Nebraska, and into Wyoming and the Black Hills of Dakota was grad- 
 ual. In 1SS7 a line was built from Fremont southward to Lincoln and 
 building continued on from the Platte River to Hastings and Superior. 
 This is one of the most importcuit railroads of the state and its service 
 is maintained up to the high standard of the Chicago & Northwestern 
 system. 
 
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 REMONT from the beijinninjr has been the principal town 
 of Dod(>e county. In 1S57, the town consisted of less than 
 a dozen houses, mosti\- lo^ huts or cabins buik on either 
 side of MiHtary avenue, which was the main thoroufjhfare. 
 At that time there was barely a tree or shrub visible in the embryo town ; 
 the prairie stretching away in every direction presented a si^iit of loneli- 
 ness. The early settlers were from New York state and other parts of 
 the Eist and to them their new home was a thing unaccustomed to. 
 They were used to shade, and one of tlie first things to occupv their at- 
 tention was tiie setting out of trees. Tlie pioneers suffered many priva- 
 tions. Nearly all were in humble circumstances. Their first few years 
 in the new countrv were beset with hardsiiips. 
 
 .Mrs. .M iry E. Re\-nolds, writing of those times, describes a little of 
 the mode of living during that period: "Our dwellings were log cabins 
 a story and a half higli, the t\)ors of rough Cottonwood boards put 
 down just as they came from the mill. They shrank so badlv in a few 
 weeks after being laid that the spaces between the boards bade fair to 
 rival the width of the boards themselves. Tlie wind, which blew in- 
 cessantly, came through the cracks in such force that in winter time it 
 was impossible to keep the dwellings warm. * * * Of clothing most 
 of us brought abundant supply from the East, so did not suffer in that re- 
 spect. But the larder; to keep that tilled with the most common articles 
 of every d ly use was beyond the most of us. Omaha was the base of 
 our supplies and it took tiiree days to make the trip — one to go down, 
 
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 one to do the trading in, and the third to drive home. So our shopping 
 expeditions were few and far between. As long as a cent remained in the 
 purse tlie first \ear, we Hved comfortably, but there came a day, alas, 
 when the purse became empt^' — not only that, but the flour barrel also, 
 and tiie coffee cannister and tlie tea cannister, also the sugar bucket. 
 In fact, we had nothing in the house but potatoes and salt. We had a 
 quantity of corn we procured of the Indians, a much softer corn than 
 the dent corn of to-day, and made fine meal. But there was no mill to 
 grind it nearer than Dellevue and we could not wait for a team to make 
 the trip there and back, so an uncle with an inventive turn of mind took 
 a tin pan and with a nail punched the bottom full of holes as close to- 
 gether as they could possibly be put. Turning the pan upside down 
 upon a table the ears were scraped backwards and forwards over the 
 rough surface and the particles thus scraped off formed the meal which 
 made all the bread we had for many days." 
 
 This is repeated here to give the reader an idea of the way the 
 pioneers were compelled to live in those days of the tallow dip. Not- 
 withstanding the severities of weather, the hardships incident to the 
 founding of a nevv town on the western prairie, people were of a hope- 
 ful, jovial class and made the best of their environments. Dances and 
 social gatherings were frequent, and tended to bring closer together tlie 
 people of the community and lighten the dreariness of pioneer life. 
 
 Fremont was never a prosperous town until the building of the 
 Union Pacific railroad to the place in iS66. In the winter of this year 
 the road was completed to the place and marked a new era for it. The 
 few years following were prosperous ones and the town enjoyed greater 
 growth than it did during its prior existence. Since then the town has 
 been gradually increasing in size and importance. In 1869 fresh impetus 
 was given to the place b}' the building of the Sioux City and Pacific 
 railroad. On May 24th, 1859, I* i"emont became an incorporated village. 
 The first board of trustees was, Theron Nye, chairman; R. VV. Hazen, 
 clerk; E. H. Barnard, treasurer; James G. Smith, E. H. Rogers, and 
 J. F. Reynolds, the other members of the board. In 187 1 Fremont be- 
 
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 came a city ot the second class. At that time it had a population of 
 1,195. The first mayor of the town was Theron Nye. 
 
 In i860 the Western Union Telegraph line was built as far west as 
 Fremont and on to Ft. Kearney. The first telegraph operator in Fre- 
 mont, and one of the first west of the Missouri river, was Sireno B. 
 Colson, who received the first message, sent from Omaha to Fremont. 
 
 The first post-ofiice of Fremont was established in 1857, with 
 James G. Smith as postmaster. Tiiere was no regular mail route be- 
 tween Omaha and Fremont, and the settlers were volunteer mail carriers 
 between these two points until July, 1859, when the Overland Stage 
 Company commenced carrying mail between Omaha and Ft. Kearney 
 and intermediate points. 
 
 The <rrowth of Fremont as a tradintr center was slow. The ear- 
 liest stores were of the character generally found in frontier towns and 
 were conducted on a scale onl}- adequate to supply the demands of con- 
 sumers in Fremont and the territory around it. One of the first enter- 
 prises looking to the opening of trade with outside points was the estab- 
 lishment of the firm of Nye, Colson & Co., consisting of Theron Nye, 
 S. B. Colson and J. G. and J. Towner Smith. Tiiis concern commenced 
 the buying and selling of grain, lumber and coal and other commodities, 
 and was the nucleus of the great Nye & Schneider Company, whose 
 headquarters are in Fremont to-day, with branch elevators and lumber 
 yards in nearly a half hundred cities and towns in Nebraska and Iowa. 
 
 
 
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 RELIGIOUS AND DENOMINATIONAL. 
 
 The first church of D )dge county was the Congregational church, 
 organized August 2nd, 1857, by Rev. Isaac E. Heaton. The organiza- 
 tion was perfected with a membership of seven, as follows: E. H. 
 Barnard, Nathan Heaton, William R. Davis, Isaac E. Heaton, Mrs. 
 Miranda M. Heaton, Mrs. Alice Marvin and Henry A. Peirce. 'I'his 
 congregation gradually increased and its founder lived to see it one of 
 the most prosperous, as well as great in number, of any church in 
 Dodge county. The first few years of its existence services were held in 
 a building at the corner of Eighth and D streets. In 1861 the first church 
 
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 edifice in Dodge county was built by this congregation and served as 
 the place of worship until the present church was built in 1885. 
 
 In 1865 Si. James Protestant Episcopal chuixh was organized at 
 Fremont. The first Episcopal services were held in the city some years 
 prior at the residence of Robert Kittle and the homes of other members, 
 but not until this time was there any church organization. In 1B67, the 
 first building of this denomination was erected near the site of the pres- 
 ent one. The present beautiful little chappel was completed May ist, 
 1888. 
 
 From an earl}^ period Roman Catholic services had been held occa- 
 sionally in Fremont, but there was no attempt to erect a church until 
 i86y, when St. Patrick's congregation was organized, and Rev. John 
 Lonergan was assigned to duty in the town. Me had built a frame edi- 
 fice near the railroad track. Subsequently this church was removed to 
 the corner of Fourth and C streets, and upon the coinpletion of the 
 present elegant brick chuich of St. Patrick's congregation, the old 
 building was removed a short distance and converted into a school- 
 house. 
 
 In 1873 the Fremont Presb^-terian church was organized, and a year 
 later a frame building erected. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal church of Fremont was organized in the 
 winter of 1857, with a membership of about thirty; its first pastor was 
 Rev. J. Spillman. No church was built until 1866, when a small frame 
 building was erected on the corner of Eighth and Broad streets, the 
 site of the present beautiful edifice, the latter being completed in 1S86, 
 atacostof more than $10,000.00. In 1899 this building was entirely 
 remodeled and enlarged at a cost of many thousand dollars, and is one 
 of the finest houses of worship in Fremont. 
 
 The first regular Baptist church in Fremont dates its organization 
 from July i5tli, 1S69. Its first pastor was Rev. George W. Freeman 
 and its membership numbered about twenty. The first services were 
 held in the old court-house and the first baptism was administered 
 February 23rd, 1870. In the fall of 1871 a frame church building thirty 
 by fifty feet was erected at a cost of about $2,000 00. This building 
 
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 underwent improvements at various times and in 1901 was razed to 
 make room for the present fine church buildimr. 
 
 The Christian church of Fremont was not organized until 1890. 
 
 The First Scandinavin Lutheran church was organized in January, 
 1885. 
 
 In 1879 ^^^^ Evangelical association which had conducted a mission 
 from 1S74 was duly organized under the name of Ebenezer church. The 
 first regular pastor was Rev. Schwerin. 
 
 In April, 1S77, the church of the Seventh Day Adventists was organ- 
 ized at Fremont and in the spring of 1883 a small frame church was 
 built. 
 
 FREMONT, 
 
 The beginning of the twentieth century finds Fremont one of the 
 prettiest cities of the state, not excelled by any for beauty, and as a 
 place of elegant and cozy homes. Neither is there a city west of the 
 Missouri river that enjoys greater commercial importance for its popu- 
 lation. It is the residence place of nearly 8,000 prosperous, enterpris- 
 ing, moral and contented people. They are proud of their homes, their 
 schools, their churches, the general good name of the community, and 
 enjoy nearly all the advantages afforded by metropolitan towns. The 
 city has fine public buildings, a splendid water-works system, gas and 
 electric lights, a sewer system of some thirty miles of mains and laterals, 
 and in all is fully abreast with twentieth century progress. Many of 
 the principal streets are paved, and as heretofore mentioned, all are 
 ornamented with rows of fine trees on either side, making the city one 
 of the most attractive and pleasant resident places of the west. 
 
 In commercial and financial importance Fremont stands high. It 
 is an important cattle and grain shipping point, and in manufacturing 
 and in general lines of trade, both wholesale and retail, enjoys distinc- 
 tion. In all the city is a progressive one, a moral one, and while its 
 growth has not been rapid, is steadily advancing, and the future is 
 replete with the highest promise. 
 
 The first bridge over the Platte river at Fremont was constructed 
 
 39 
 
 1^1 
 
in 1871 and 1872. Prior to that time ferries were used in conveying 
 passengers and goods across llie river from Fremont to Saunders county. 
 In 1S70 a movement was inaugurated toward the building of a bridge, 
 and the proposition of voting $50,000.00 in bonds for the building of the 
 same was laid before the people. It was proposed to make this a toll 
 bridge until such a time as Saunders county should pay one-half the 
 expense of its building. In 1872 a highway was laid out over this 
 bridge. After its completion the bridge was made a toll bridge. In 
 
 FREMONT— CITY HALL. 
 
 1872 it was washed away. The present bridge was built by the 
 county. 
 
 The first school of Fremont was a private one, commenced in the 
 summer of 1858, with Miss Charity Colson as teacher. This school was 
 taught in a small frame house that stood a short distance east of the 
 present high school site. A few years later the first public school 
 building of Fremont was erected on Fifth street near the corner of C. 
 The first public school teacher was Miss Helen McNeal, who com- 
 
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 menced teaching in 1859. This was the only school in the city of Fre- 
 mont until 1870, when a two story brick structure containing six rooms 
 was erected and became known as the "Central school." As the city 
 advanced in importance new schools were built, and to-day Fremont 
 stands foremost among the small cities of the West in educational matters. 
 
 The Fremont Normal school was established in 1S84 by Professor 
 W. P. Jones, who was its president for about three years. After his 
 death his wife continued the school until 1888, when its management 
 was assumed by Professor William H. Clemmons. Under the control 
 of Mr. Clemmons, this institution rapidly advanced and attained a repu- 
 tation second to none among the similar institutions west of the Missouri 
 River. Additional buildings were erected from time to time until accom- 
 modations are now sutficient for nearly fifteen hundred students. In this 
 school courses of study are preparatory course, teachers course, scientific 
 course, classic course, commercial course, music, typewriting, stenog- 
 raphy and law, each department having the full complement of highly 
 competent instructors. 
 
 The first fire that destroyed property of any great value in the city 
 of Fremont occurred August 9th, 1869, entailing a loss amounting to some 
 $12,000.00. The flames commenced in the furniture store of William 
 Alexandei- & So:is and spread to buildings belonging to William E. Lee, 
 the grocery store of Mr. M)nroe, Ray and Flor, and other buildings. 
 At this fire a number of volunteer firemen received slight injui-ies. The 
 second fire of note was on the night of June 22nd, 187 1, when the Fre- 
 mont hotel was destroyed, causmg a loss of $26,000.00. About a week 
 later the passenger depot of the Sioux City and Pacific was burned, the 
 fire orirrinatmsi throutih lightning. One of the most disastrous fires in 
 the history of the city was on March nth, 1902, when the building and 
 plant of the Tribune was burned, entailing a loss approximating 
 $50,000.00. 
 
 One of the notable incidents in history of Fremont was the flood of 
 M irch, i88r, when the waters of the Platte river, owing to an ice gorge 
 three miles north of Fremont, caused an inundation of the streets of the 
 cit)', doing considerable damage, 
 
 41 
 
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 NORTH BEND, 
 While as early as 1856 a small settlement was made in the neigh- 
 hood of North Bend, it was not until October I2th, 1867, that any serious 
 effort was made towards building up the place. In Apiil, 1856, before 
 there was a single building erected within twenty miles of where the 
 city of North Bend now stands, a number of enterprising citizens of 
 Omaha formed themselves into a company styled "North Bend Town 
 Company." In 1857 the town was surveyed anjl laid out by Charles 
 Turner, now a resident of Omaha, who at that time was a deputy 
 United States surveyor. This town, like many others of the time, found 
 an existence only on paper and in the active imagination of its promoters. 
 The present town of North Bend was platted October I2ih, 1867, by S. 
 S. Caldwell, Mathew S. Cotterell and the Union Pacific Railroad com- 
 pany. The platting and laying out of this town by Mr. Cotterell and 
 others was made possible by the North Bend Town company having 
 relinquished their right to the site by failing to make improvements and 
 otherwise not complying with the law. This neglect gave Mr. Cotterell 
 and Mr. J. Mason Smith a chance to jump the town site, and there was 
 very little opposition to their claim. Many who had purchased lots in 
 the old town, paying from $50.00 to $100.00 each for the same were 
 given titles to their homes, but many more never claimed their lots. 
 
 In 1858 a post-office had been started at North Bend with George 
 J. Turton as postmaster. The first school was established there in 
 i860, a public school — with Miss Mary Heaton, daughter of Rev. Isaac 
 E. Heaton, as teacher. This lady has long been known as Mrs. J. J. 
 Hawthorne, of Fremont. The compensation of school teachers in the 
 pioneer schools of Dodge county can be judged from the fact that Miss 
 Heaton received a salary of $1.25 per week and board. This school 
 was taught in a small frame building, which was located near the west 
 line of the town of North Bend. 
 
 The first church at North Bend was the Methodist Episcopal, 
 formed in 1859 by Rev. Jacob Adriance, the pioneer Methodist minister 
 of Dodge county. The second pastor of the church was Rev. Joel A. 
 VanAnda, who formed the first Sunday school at North Bend. 
 
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 In iS6o the United Presbyterian church was organized. For 
 nearly ten years services were held by this denomination in the school- 
 house about a mile west of town, and in 1869 a church building was 
 erected. This was replaced in 1S87 by a finer structure, which was 
 finished at a cost of about $3,000.00. 
 
 While the Rev. Isaac E. Heaton was the first minister of any 
 denomination to hold services at the Bend, there was no Congregational 
 church organized until along in the early So's, but this effort was short 
 lived, and thougii a church edifice was built, a lack of support caused a 
 suspension of regular services, and finally abandonment of the building. 
 In 1877, the Christian church organized at North Bend, and in 1SS4, a 
 building was erected at a cost of more than $3,000. 
 
 The bridge across the Platte river at North ]>end was built in 1880 
 and 18S1, at a cost of $15,000 00. Prior to the building of this bridge 
 a ferry was maintained, and later a pontoon bridge served as a mode of 
 transportation across the Platte to and from Saunders county. 
 
 North Bend has sustained two serious fires. The first in August, 
 1885, and again in September, 1S92. The town rapidly recovered from 
 the effect of these two conflagrations, and to-day is one of the solid 
 towns of the county, with a population of more than 1,000; a large 
 flouring mill, two grain elevators, two banks, a newspaper, a number of 
 churches, good schools, hotels, several general stores, and is one of the 
 prettiest towns of Nebraska. 
 
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 HOOPER, 
 
 The town of Hooper was platted by John I. Blair, February 15, 
 1871, on sections 17 and 20 of township 19, range 8, and was named 
 for one of the railway officials of the Chicago & Northwestern system. 
 For the first few years the growth of the town was slow. The builder 
 of the first house in Hooper was Orlando A. Himebaugh, who erected a 
 house there in 1S70, the year before the laying out of the town. The 
 same year Mr. Himebaugh built the first grain elevator and established 
 the first lumber yard of the town. The railroad was completed to 
 Hooper in the autumn of 1870 and the first station agent was Asa 
 
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 Brigg's. The first hotel in Hooper was built opposite the depot in 1S70 
 and for some years has been known as the Tillman house. In 1870 a 
 post-office was established and Mr. Asa Briggs was appointed post- 
 master, filling both positions, postmaster and station agent. In 1900 the 
 population of the town was 840. It has a number of general merchan- 
 dise stores representing various lines of trade; two large brick yards and 
 tile works; two good hotels; a newspaper, The Sentinel; four churches, 
 Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, German Lutheran, and Catholic. The 
 town has two banks, and an opera house with a seating capacity of 300. 
 
 SCRIBNER, 
 
 The plat of the city of Scribner was filed December 6, 1S70, b}- 
 John I. Blair for the Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley Railroad in 
 Nebraska. That year the road was completed to Scribner and beyond. 
 About i860 James B. Robinson built a grist mill on Pebble creek about 
 one and a half miles west of the town site of Scribner. In September, 
 1870, with others, he platted the town of Pebble in hopes that the rail- 
 road would build a station there, but instead, the station was located at 
 Scribner, and Pebble remained a town on paper only. The first build- 
 ing erected in the town of Scribner was built by John Rochford, who 
 used it as a store room and later converted it into a residence. The town 
 of Scribner boasted of but few residences until it had been in existence 
 some half dozen years. In 1900 the town had a population of 827, 
 according to the United Stales census. There are numerous well 
 stocked stores, and a large trade is had in the rich country surrounding. 
 A large elevator is located at this point, and a large flouring mill in the 
 town and another at the old town of Pebble, one and a half miles west. 
 A large brick yard is located near the town. Two newspapers are 
 maintained, The News and The Rustler. There is a hall and opera 
 house, the former having a seating capacity of 500, and the latter 300. 
 Six teachers are employed in the schools of the city. The German 
 Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, and Congregational denominations have 
 churches in the town. 
 
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 DODGE. 
 
 The village of Dodge was platted August lo, i8S6, upon the com- 
 pletion of the Albion division of the Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Val- 
 ley Railroad and was named after a post-office which had been estab- 
 lished in 1872 about a mile east of the site of the present village. This 
 town from its organization has been one of the thriving communities of 
 Dodge county, and has a population consisting largely of thrifty Ger- 
 mans and Bohemians. The town was incorporated as a village April 
 19, 18S7. It has a population of 554. There are numerous stores and 
 shops which enjoy a prosperous trade. Catholic, German Lutheran 
 and Congregational denominations have churches in the village. One 
 newspaper. The Criterion, is published there. Six teachers are em- 
 ployed in the public school. There is one hall in the town with a seat- 
 ing capacity of 300. 
 
 SNYDER, 
 
 The village of Snyder was platted August 5, 1886, upon the com- 
 pletion of the Albion branch of the Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Val- 
 ley Railroad, and was named for Conrad Schneider, the name being 
 given the anglicized spelling for sake of brevity. In 1880, Mr. 
 Schneider had built a grist mill near this point, which was the first 
 building erected on the site of the town. Prior lo the completion of the 
 railroad to the place, a small settlement had been formed about this 
 mill. The present population of the village is about 250. There are 
 three churches, Catholic, Germ tn Lutheran and Methodist. There are 
 two opera houses, one with a seating capacity of 400 and the other of 
 300. There are a number of stores, a flouring mill, brick j'ard and 
 planing mill in the town. Three teachers are employed in the public 
 school. 
 
 NICKERSON, 
 
 The town of Nickerson was platted January 13, 1S71, by John I. 
 Blair, for the Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Vallev Railway Companj. 
 The land upon which the town is located was first secured from the gov- 
 ernment by Henry Depew, one of the earliest attorneys in Nebraska, 
 
 45 
 
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and failing to pay taxes on the same, the tract was purchased b}' Mich- 
 ael Herman, who sold it to the raihoad company for ^500. The town 
 never reached any great size, though was from its foundation an im- 
 portant grain shipping point. Two elevators are located there. Its 
 population is about £50. The town received a set-back in 1S92 by a 
 fire which destroyed a number of business places. 
 
 CROWELL, 
 
 In December, 18S3, the town of Crowell was platted by the Elk- 
 horn Land Company, the site chosen being on the railroad three-fourths 
 of a mile west of the old Crowell post-ofBce. The present population of 
 the town is 100. There are two elevators at this place, a lumber yard, 
 a few general stores, and a hotel. The latter was started in 1SS4 by 
 Merman Diers, who is still its proprietor. 
 
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 HE first newspaper to be published west of the Missouri 
 River, in the Platte valley, outside of the city of Omaha, 
 was The Fremont Tribune, which was established in the 
 summer of iS6S by J. N. Hayes. Mr. Hayes continued 
 to conduct this paper as a weekly until 1S72, when an interest in it was 
 purchased by Frank G. Parcell and the publishing firm continued under 
 the name of J. N. Hayes & Company until the death of Mr. Hayes in 
 1873. Soon after the deatli of Mr. Hayes the plant and paper was pur- 
 chased by the Tribune Printing Compan}-, and Mr. Fred Nye became 
 the editor of the paper. In 1877, W. H. Michel purchased a half inter- 
 est in the plant, Mr. Nye becoming the owner of the other half and until 
 Maj", 1879, the style of the publishing firm was Michel & Nye. At the 
 latter date Messrs. Brown & Hammond purchased the plant and soon 
 after Mr. Brown disposed of his interest and the firm became George 
 Hammond & Son, Mr. Frank Hammond becoming editor of the paper. 
 In 1882, Ross L. Hammond procured a half interest in the plant and 
 paper and the firm became Hammond Brothers, the style of the present 
 publishing firm. May 21st, 1S83, The Daily Tribune was issued. In 
 1895 the weekly edition was changed to tri-weeklj' and has since then 
 been published as such. Under tiie management of the Hammond 
 Brothers The Tribune has taken a place among the leading papers of 
 to-day and the plant from its small beginning has grown to be tlie second 
 largest west of the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains. On March 
 
 47 
 
 
 
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 II, 1902, fire destroyed the interior of the Tribune building, causing a 
 loss of nearly $50,000. Not an issue of the paper was missed, and in a 
 few weeks time the building was rebuilt and occupied. 
 
 In 1870 The Fremont Weekly Herald was founded by W. G Schaf- 
 fer, who, in 1873, sold it to R- D Kelly, who commenced llie publication 
 of Tlie Daily Herald. In 1S76 N. W. Smails purchased tiie paper and 
 plant and has since been the owner and publisher of botii the Weekly 
 and The D.iily Herald. 
 
 On July 30, 1883, the Platte River Zeilung, the first German paper 
 in the Platte Valley, was issued by Emil Burg. One year later the 
 paper was purciiased by its present owner and editor, Charles R. 
 Schaffer. 
 
 In March, 1891, the Dodge County Leader was founded by J. W. 
 Sherwood, who afier conducting it for ten months sold it to George L. 
 Torray. A few years later, it was acquired by R. D. Kelly, who is 
 still its publisher and editor. 
 
 At different times efforts were made to establish other papers in 
 the city of Fremont. One, the Journal, was started along in the 'So's 
 and after a few years was acquired by J. W. Hyatt, who changed its 
 name to the Daily Flail, and, who, with his brother, C. W. Hyatt, who 
 for some years had been publishing a paper at North Bend, conducted 
 the paper for two years, when the Flail Publishing Company was 
 formed, consisting of R. D. Kelly, C. W. Hyatt and others. In 1892, 
 G. W. Rosa purchased the plant and published the paper for six weeks 
 under the name of The News. Then the paper reverted to its former 
 owners and became known as The Flail, and after a few years ceased 
 to e.vist. 
 
 In January, 1S92, the second German Weekly, The Nebraska 
 Democrat, was esiablished at Fremont, and enjoyed a life of a few 
 years. 
 
 In 1892, The Eye, a weekly- non-partisan paper was started by 
 Hutchinson and James, but died of non-support in its early youth. 
 
 The first paper to be published at North Bend was The Independ- 
 ent, founded in 1S79 ^3' ■'-^'"- El wood. This paper was succeeded in 
 June, 18S2, by Tlie Bulletin, published by H. T. Millard. The Bulletin 
 
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 was removed to Central City and the same year C. W. Hyatt com- 
 menced the pubHcation of The Flail, which he afterwards removed to 
 Fremont. In i88S The Protector was established at North Bend by E. 
 J. Sekora, who one year later sold it to E. E. Davis, who changed its 
 name to The Star. After a few years existence, The Star ceased to 
 shine. In April, 1S90, The North Bend Argus was started by W. K. 
 and C. S. Fowler, who, after successfully publishing it for a few years, 
 sold it to J. C. Newsom, who changed its name to The North Bend 
 Eagle and still remains its publisher and editor. In 1885 The North 
 Bend Journal was started b}' A. M. Walton and others, who had organ- 
 ized a stock company for the publishing of a Democratic paper. The 
 Journal .it the end of a year, died a lingering death. 
 
 In 1885 The Hooper Sentinel was established by W. A. Crandall, 
 who, in 1886, sold it to its present owner and publisher, I\Ir. E. W. 
 Renkin. 
 
 In 1S84 The Scribner New.s was established at Scribner by J. S. 
 Bellinger. About two months after its first issue the paper was sold to 
 Whitehorn and Ilasson, and soon afterwards Mr. Whitehorn became its 
 owner and in May, 1SS5, sold the paper to John Hazlitt, who published 
 it until his death in December, 188S. Upon the death of Mr. Hazlitt, 
 W. K. Fowler, Jr., became the owner and editor of the paper, and in 
 April, 1S90, sold it to its present owner, Mr. W. H. Weekes. 
 
 In November, 1894, The Rustler was established at Scribner by 
 Joe Camp and on June i, 1897, was purchased by M. H. Kidder, who 
 has successfully conducted it since then. 
 
 In 1887 a paper was established at Dodge under the name of The 
 Advertiser. Soon after The Criterion was started, and soon a consolida- 
 tion of both papers took place, the name "Criterion" being used. The 
 paper passed through a number of hands. Its files and plant burned in 
 1895, and finally in 1901 was acquired by its present owner and editor, 
 J. J. McFarland. 
 
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 HON. VV. H. JIUNUER. ilS(iHi 
 
 Judge of the United States Disirk-i e'riurt foi- 
 
 Nebraska: many years a leading meml)er of 
 
 the Dodge County bar-; residence. Omaha. 
 
 W.A. MAKLOW. (Dec-eased) 
 
 For a dozen years well known as an attorney in the 
 
 City of Fremont: died in IKSii. in Colorado. 
 
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 REV. JACOB ADKIANCE. (IWH) 
 
 First M. E. miniKter of Dodge County: .supenm 
 
 nuateil in 187K: a farmer of Maple township 
 
 since 1879: post-ottice, Ames. 
 
 REV. EMORY R. ADRIANUE. (1873) 
 
 Son of Rev. Jacob Adriance: born in WashinKton 
 
 County, 1808: entered the ministry of the M. 
 
 E. church 18H3: died at Baldwin. 
 
 Kansas. liKXl. 
 
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L.ofG 
 
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HERMAN UmLS'I'KN. 1873 
 Cashier of the Farmers" State Bank of Dodge 
 sixteen yeiirs a farmer in Di^iUtre County. 
 
 ANTON BAKTOSH. (1870) 
 
 First postmaster of Dodge; now a farmer and 
 
 breeder of Hereford and Shorthorn cattle; 
 
 Sec. 4. Webster township: post-office. Dodge. 
 
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 HON. CONRAD SCHNEIDER. (1880) 
 For many years ensat'ed in bankins;. lumlier. s-'rain 
 mi"'- ' ' '■ - . . „ , 
 
 and live stock buslne 
 
 CARL J. SCHNEIDER. (1880) 
 Son of Hon. Conrad Schneider: engatred in the gen- 
 eral merchandise business at Snyder. 
 
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 GflXERAL IXFOKJIATIOX FOR TaXI'AYER.S AND t'lTIZEXS. 
 
 The offices of all county officers are located in the court-house at Fremont. 
 Office hours each day are from 8 A. M. to 12 M., and from 1 to o P. M., except on 
 holidays, when all offices are closed. When a legal holiday falls on .Sunday 
 the following day is to be observed. Legal holidays are as follows: 
 February 22. .Washington's Birthdav 
 
 April 22 Arbor Day 
 
 May 30 Decoration Day 
 
 July i Independence Day 
 
 September 6 Labor Day 
 
 November 2.5 Thanksgiving Day 
 
 December 25 Christmas Day 
 
 January 1 New Year's Day 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 
 County officers are elected for a term of two years excepting the Recorder of 
 Deeds and Clerk of the District Court, who are elected for terms of four years. 
 
 The Couxty Clerk is clerk of the Board of County Supervisors, and attends 
 to the tiling of Chattel Mortgages, Road Petitions, Physicians' Cei-titicates, Claims 
 against the county and everything to be brought before the County Board. The 
 limit of fees for salary is .$1,.500 per year. 
 
 The County Treasurer collects all taxes, pays out all moneys— only upon 
 order of the County Board— except interest on bonds, etc., which is otherwise pro- 
 vided for by law. The limit of fees retained as salary is $2,000, 
 
 The Register of Deeds' duty is to file and record all real estate mortgages 
 and warranty deeds, and to keej) a miscellaneous record in which is filed all wills 
 and other instruments affecting the title to property. The fees for filing are: first 
 100 words, 75 cents, and 10 cents for each additional 100 words or fraction thereof. 
 The limit of fees for salary is •$1,.500. 
 
 The Clerk of the District Court attends to the recording of actions in 
 all equity cases, such as the granting of title to real estate, foreclosure, jiartition, 
 attachment and divorce. Civil eases involving an amount not more than $200 
 appealed from Justice's court, and civil cases involving an amount not more than 
 $1,000 from the county judge's court, when appealed are filed in this office. Limit 
 of fees for salary, $l,(i0O, 
 
 The Sheriff is the chief executive officer of the county, whose duty it is to see 
 that law and order prevail. When there in no coroner he is ex-officio coroner. 
 Limit of fees for salary, $2,000. 
 
 The Coroner holds inquests on the bodies of dead persons when circumstan- 
 ces so demand. In the absence of the sheriff or his deputy, the coroner assumes 
 the functions of sheriff. His pay is regulated by fees, no "limit to yearly amount. 
 
 The County Surveyor is the legal surveyorof all land surveys of the county 
 and is paid according to the work required of him. 
 
 The County Superintendent of Schools issues teachers' certificates to 
 those whom he finds qualified to teach: visits schools, and has charge of the change 
 of district boundaries. His salary is fixed according to the population of the 
 county. 
 
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 164 
 
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The County Judcje has original jurisdk'tion iu all Probate and Guardian- 
 ship matters: has jurisdiction conourrent with Justiees of the Peace; in civil eases 
 has concurrent jurisdiction with the district court in all sums not exceeding $1,000; 
 issues marriage licenses— fee for same $1.50 — and when required performs mar- 
 riages—fee, $3.00. Limit of fees for salary, $1,500. 
 
 The County Attorney is legal adviser of the County Board and has charge 
 of all law cases of the county. His salary is fixed at $1,000 a year. 
 
 IDEMNITY REQUIRED IN OFFICIAL BONDS, 
 
 County Treasurer $100,000 
 
 Countv Judge 25,000 
 
 Sheriff,ClerkandRegister,each 10,000 
 
 District Clerk 5,000 
 
 County Attorney 1,000 
 
 Superintendent 1,000 
 
 Survevor 500 
 
 Countv Clerk 5.000 
 
 Coroner 2,000 
 
 Supervisors $1,000 
 
 Town Treasurers 2,000 
 
 Notaries Public 2,000 
 
 Constables 300 
 
 Town Clerks and Overseers, each 250 
 
 School Treasurers (amount held ) 500 
 
 Assessors .... 200 
 
 Koad Overseers 500 
 
 TAXES. 
 
 Taxes are due October 1st. 
 
 Personal tax delinquent February 1st. 
 
 Land tax delinquent May 1st. Interest at 10 percent from date of delinquency. 
 
 Real estate advertised for sale the first week in October, and sold for taxes the 
 first Monday in November after becoming delinquent. 
 
 In making inquiry about your personal tax, always state in what townshij) 
 your property was assessed. On real estate tax give number of section, township 
 and range. 
 
 Warrants ordered drawn in payment of claims against the county are not 
 delivered for 10 days after said order, as per Statutes of Nebraska. 
 
 Registered warrants draw 7 per cent interest. 
 
 Tax sales draw 20 per cent from date of sale. 
 
 All male citizens of the state of Nebraska are liable for poll tax except the 
 following: 
 
 United States pensioners. 
 
 Paupers, idiots and lunatics. 
 
 Males under 21 and over 49 years. 
 
 Active members of Nebraska National Guards. 
 
 Members of fire, and hook and ladder companies in good standing. 
 
 105 
 
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 fifi 
 
 Uw, 
 
NEBRASKA STATE INSTITUTIONS, 
 
 Capitol Lincoln Ffeble minded asylum Beatrice 
 
 Penitentiary Lincoln Blind asylum Nebraska City 
 
 Industrial school ( for boys) . . Kearney Soldiers home Grand Island 
 
 Industrial school (for girls) . . . Geneva Soldiers home Milford 
 
 Insane asylum Lincoln Home of the friendless Milford 
 
 Insane asylum Hastings Home of the friendless children. Lincoln 
 
 Deaf and dumb asylum Omaha 
 
 Letters directed to the name of the institutitm at the proper city will be received 
 by the proper official. 
 
 TOWNSHIP AND OTHER MEETINGS, 
 
 Annual Township meeting is held on first Tuesday in April. 
 
 Regular Town Board meetings occur on Tuesday of the week before the Annual 
 Town meeting, and on Tuesday one week previous to each of the regular meetings 
 of the Countv Board of Supervisors. 
 
 Township equalization meeting, first Monday in June. Tax grievances can be 
 brought before the County Board only upon appeal from the Township Board. 
 
 Assessors" annual meeting, third Tuesday in March. 
 
 City and Village elections, first Tuesday in April. 
 
 Annual School meetings, last Monday in .June. 
 
 General election, first Tuesday in November. 
 
 Teachers' E.xamination, third Saturday of each month. 
 
 County Board meets second Tuesday of January and first Tuesday after second 
 Mondav in Julv. 
 
 JURY LIST FOR TOWNSHIPS, 
 
 Logan - 
 
 Cuming + 
 
 Pebble 'A 
 
 Webster -i 
 
 Pleasant Valley. 2 
 
 Ridgeley - 
 
 Everett 2 
 
 Hooper •'> 
 
 Nickerson - 
 
 Maple -^ 
 
 Cotterell 3 
 
 Union 3 
 
 Platte 2 
 
 Elkhorn 1 
 
 North Bend 3 
 
 Fremont 
 
 First Ward li 
 
 Second Ward ■'> 
 
 Third Ward 4 
 
 Fourth Ward ■") 
 
 DODGE COUNTY POPULATION, 
 
 City, Village or Township 
 
 Fremont Cily 
 
 North Bend. Guy 
 
 Hooper. Village ? 
 
 Scribner. Village 
 
 Dodg^e, Villaiie 
 
 Snyder, Village 
 
 Logan Township 
 
 Cuming Township linciuding 
 
 Scribner) 
 
 Pebble Township (including 
 
 Snyder) 
 
 Webster Township (including 
 
 Uodge) 
 
 Pleasant Valley Township ... 
 Ridgeley Township 
 
 1890 
 
 1900 
 
 
 6717 
 
 7241 
 
 897 
 
 imo 
 
 
 6-0 
 
 840 
 
 
 664 
 
 827 
 
 
 338 
 
 554 
 229 
 
 
 673 
 
 621 
 
 
 1379 
 
 1514 
 
 
 871 
 
 973 
 
 
 1227 
 
 1393 
 
 
 81.5 
 
 734 
 
 
 807 
 
 847 
 
 
 City, Village or Township 
 
 Everett Township 
 
 Hooper Township (including 
 
 Hooper) 
 
 Nickerson Township 
 
 Maple T.'wnship 
 
 Cotterell Township 
 
 Union Township 
 
 Platte Township 
 
 Ellihorn Township 
 
 Total population of Dodge Co 
 
 Total population of Nebraska. 
 
 1890 1900 
 
 680 
 
 1239 
 033 
 778 
 701 
 660 
 741 
 412 
 
 19280 
 
 1058910 
 
 612 
 
 1439 
 
 717 
 1409 
 1194 
 
 723 
 1358 
 
 513 
 
 10ti8539 
 
 A^^ 
 
 166 
 
 ^-X,^S 
 
 'TK. 
 
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inide:;:?c tto i^ORTP^.A.nrs 
 
 aV 
 
 Abbott, Dr. Luther J.. So 
 Adriance, Rev. Emorv It. 
 
 .' . . ss 
 
 Adriance, Jacob ,S8 
 
 Allen, B. C l."4 
 
 Allen, D. M 100 
 
 Allen, R. M. 87 
 
 Albers, August J 135 
 
 Ahrendt, Chas 13.) 
 
 Armstead, G. W Kil 
 
 Armstead, G. C Kil 
 
 Areherd, J. B 101 
 
 Anderson, J. S KilJ 
 
 Ayers, S. H 94 
 
 Arnold, Grant W 11" 
 
 Backus, Albert 112 
 
 Batchelor, George H. . l.")(i 
 
 Bader, Fred (li) 
 
 Bader, J. R !H) 
 
 Balding-, James 80 
 
 Baldwin. L. W i)l 
 
 Banks, J. H 112 
 
 Barnard, K. H ,52 
 
 Barnard, Ned H 'rl 
 
 Bartosh, Anton 147 
 
 Bar/., Carl i:W 
 
 Basler, Christian D...I27 
 
 Basler, William F 127 
 
 Baum, Christian 14ii 
 
 Beaver, James M liiti 
 
 Becker, W. H 144 
 
 Beebe, Chauneey C . . . . 50 
 
 Beebe, Henry .50 
 
 Beebe, Henry L 50 
 
 Beebe, S. P .50 
 
 Bergt, Rev. A 120 
 
 Biles, J. V. N 02 
 
 Brugh, A. G 05 
 
 Brugh, E. G 05 
 
 Black, L. J 157 
 
 Blewett, Edward 82 
 
 Brown, Dr. Frank H. . !10 
 
 Brown, H. C 70 
 
 Brown, H, H 70 
 
 Brown, Dr. N. H 00 
 
 Bloomer, Dr, Milo....l41 
 
 Brazda, Chas 142 
 
 Brodhun, W. C 142 
 
 Buchholz, C 124 
 
 Buer, John F 124 
 
 Bunt, John lol 
 
 Burdick, George J 90 
 
 Burns, E. C VM 
 
 Burns, John E i:U 
 
 Buss, Kev. W. H 00 
 
 Breitenfeld, H. G lo2 
 
 Bridge, Robert 71 
 
 Burtz, William 108 
 
 Bradburv, James 159 
 
 Bradbury, W. H 1.59 
 
 Briggs, Asa 8(i 
 
 Bvers, Dr. J. N 141 
 
 Byers, Dr. S. J 141 
 
 Carr, Dr. C. M 102 
 
 Carroll, Thomas 92 
 
 Carroll, W, A 92 
 
 Cattern, J, W 108 
 
 Cecha, A 145 
 
 Chmeler, John 145 
 
 Clark, S. S 94 
 
 Cleland. J, C 105 
 
 Clemmons, Prof, W. H. . IK! 
 
 Cloos, Emil 97 
 
 Cloos, John F 97 
 
 Colson, Paul .55 
 
 Colson, S. B .55 
 
 Coman, Charles lol 
 
 Coman, Lou B lol 
 
 Coddington, George J. .KKi 
 Conklin, K, Nelson. ... 1.59 
 
 Cramer, Robert L loo 
 
 Crabbs, Dr. J. H .S5 
 
 Cronin, M, C 97 
 
 Cronin, W. J 97 
 
 Cruickshank, J. M 105 
 
 Cusack, Chris 87 
 
 Coad, U. U.. . 82 
 
 Cobb, Wm, A. G so 
 
 Cook, M. G 117 
 
 Cotterell, Matthew S. . . 57 
 
 Crandall, L, F 14:! 
 
 Cummings, P. B 119 
 
 Dame, Arthur K Ill 
 
 Daubert, Fred 13:5 
 
 Daubert, John 133 
 
 Davies, Dr. W. J 93 
 
 Davis, Geo, P 150 
 
 Dengler, C 102 
 
 Denslow, Jeremiah.... 58 
 Dern, John 84 
 
 Dickerson, E. W 01 
 
 Dickerson, David W.. 01 
 
 Diels, John M l:!4 
 
 Diehl, Charles S 125 
 
 Deitrich, Ernest 140 
 
 Diers, Herman 14.S 
 
 De Lamatyr, C. R 
 
 Doan, Dr, Ira 85 
 
 Dodge, John 01 
 
 Dodge, Geo, O (il 
 
 Dolezal, Frank 7(i 
 
 Drenguis, J. F 152 
 
 Eaton, Clarence A (i7 
 
 Eaton, Geo. W 07 
 
 Eaton, H. M 113 
 
 F^aton, J. P 07 
 
 PMdv, A, J 114 
 
 Eddy, Geo. B 114 
 
 Edelmaier, John 125 
 
 Edgerton, R. L 118 
 
 Egbers, Henrv 129 
 
 Efdredge, D, G 88 
 
 Ely, W. H 54 
 
 Emanuel, John 150 
 
 Falk, Otto 1.37 
 
 Falconer, R 155 
 
 Farnham, J A 101 
 
 Fried, William 04 
 
 Fritz, W. P 59 
 
 French, Geo. B .s:! 
 
 Fowler. Frank 04 
 
 Fowler, Samuel H 80 
 
 Fowler, Willard F.... 80 
 
 Gage, I. P 71 
 
 Gibson, Arthur 71 
 
 Goff, Harlow 72 
 
 Goff, H, W 72 
 
 Goff, H. K 72 
 
 Goff, Hiram J 72 
 
 Goff. J. W 75 
 
 Gohr, Chas. E 145 
 
 Golden, W. B 110 
 
 Golder, Andrew 151 
 
 Golder, William L 151 
 
 Glenn, James 107 
 
 Glidden, Osker 91 
 
 Griswold, H. E 83 
 
 Graham, John W HI 
 
 Green, C. H 118 
 
 7'y- 
 
 Ts^\ 
 
 .^^ 
 
 ^-X.^i 
 
 >Tf- 
 
 168 
 
 
Gripp. H. H ;«i 
 
 Gris'ei'eit- A. S 114 
 
 GubseiN N. J 112 
 
 Gumpert. Fred HIT 
 
 Gumpert, Henry I in 
 
 Gumpert, H. G 107 
 
 Hall. Georg-e .1 l.J9 
 
 Hall. 1. J lo8 
 
 Hall. M. E 158 
 
 Hall, Thomas ISH 
 
 Hager, Eli 8(S 
 
 Hamilton, W. H !)0 
 
 Hammond. Frank i)8 
 
 Hammond. Uoss L il8 
 
 Hairhouse. J. T V»2 
 
 Hanson. Rasmus 1.j6 
 
 Hanson, llasmus .Jr,..l.")IJ 
 
 Harms, A. H 123 
 
 Hanns, Gerhard 123 
 
 Hayerkost. Herman. . . . 128 
 Has! am. Dr. George. . . 84 
 
 Hanson, L. P '. ... .11-5 
 
 Harvey. Andrew Sr. . . . (iS» 
 Harvey. Andrew Jr ... H9 
 
 Hawthorne. .1. J 5(> 
 
 Hawlev. W. H 84 
 
 Hayes! F. W ttO 
 
 Haves, J. Newt 5f> 
 
 Hein. John C 110 
 
 Heaton, Rev. Isaac... ^(i 
 
 Hasson. A. R 147 
 
 Heine. George F 122 
 
 Heine, John F 122 
 
 Heine. J. Howard . . 122 
 
 Hecker, Wra. C 122 
 
 Himebaugh. O. A 58 
 
 Herman, Miehae'l .. .. 58 
 Hiebenthal, H VMS 
 
 Hickey, Patrick 05 
 
 Hinman, A. Beach. . 89 
 Hinman, Minor H. . . . •'^O 
 
 Hohlbeek, H 125 
 
 Hollenbeck. Conrad. . . . lo:! 
 Hollenbeck. Frank. , . 103 
 
 Hollowav. L. F 115 
 
 Holbroo'k, W. D 154 
 
 Holsten, Herman 147 
 
 Hooper, C. H . . 1 38 
 
 Hooper. Richard 13S 
 
 Hooker. E. W . . 155 
 
 Hower. J. V 148 
 
 Hodges, G. H .91 
 
 Hoebener, J. H 102 
 
 Howe, Fred A (57 
 
 Hrabak, Charles, Sr. ..142 
 Hrabak, Charles, Jr... 142 
 Hughes, Judson 01 
 
 Hvatt. Sid J 100 
 
 Hyatt. John W 100 
 
 Inches. Rev. David 88 
 
 Jens, August E 110 
 
 Johnson, Ivar 1 15 
 
 Johnson, John P 131 
 
 Johnson. M 00 
 
 Johnson. Nils 132 
 
 Johnson. Ola 132 
 
 Junghanel, R. O J 39 
 
 Keene, L. M "5 
 
 Kellv. R. D IIH 
 
 Kelser, J. J 102 
 
 Kelser, J. N 102 
 
 Ketman, Rev. T. L. . . , 94 
 
 Kidder. H. M 137 
 
 King. Dr. H. T (>« 
 
 Kittle. Robert 52 
 
 Knowlton. F. H.. 80 
 
 Koeberlin. Simon 117 
 
 Kreader, J. M 70 
 
 Kreader. Samuel 70 
 
 Koont/., John A 52 
 
 Knowles, J. H 99 
 
 Koss. Frank 109 
 
 Krueger. Christ 133 
 
 Kuhlman, D. G 128 
 
 Ladd. H. H 58 
 
 I^arson. L. P HO 
 
 Leake. Dr. K. N. . .. 104 
 Leavitt. H. G 87 
 
 Lee, H. J 02 
 
 Lee. J. C 02 
 
 Lee, W. K 02 
 
 Lester, Silas L 08 
 
 Lurabard. D. A 93 
 
 Lumbard. George W. . . 93 
 Lumbard, Guv W. . .. 118 
 
 Lucke, W. M 84 
 
 Lund. N. T 113 
 
 Longaere. Jacol) L. . 150 
 Long-acre, Samuel K. . . l-^O 
 Looschen. George F...12i 
 
 Looschen, H. H. 12 1 
 
 Looschen, John 121 
 
 Looschen. O. P 121 
 
 Love, J. W "8 
 
 Lonergan, Rev. John.. 95 
 
 McDonald. J. D. 90 
 
 McDonald, Dr. R. C. . . 90 
 
 McGiverin, Frank 73 
 
 McFarland, J. J 141 
 
 McNish, C. C Ill 
 
 McVicker, Robert 57 
 
 109 
 
 Manville, C. A 108 
 
 Manville. H. S 75 
 
 Marr, C. D 98 
 
 Martin. Dr. E. W 104 
 
 Mathauser. J. B 140 
 
 Mathews, J. H 105 
 
 Maher, J. M 95 
 
 Martenson. Nels 131 
 
 Mar.shall, William .. . 74 
 
 Marlow, W. A 74 
 
 Maxwell, Samuel .... 74 
 
 Maynard. D 139 
 
 Mever. Herman ...... 1 30 
 
 Me'ver, John G 130 
 
 Meyer, John G 12! 
 
 :Mever. J. H 73 
 
 Me'ver, H. C 130 
 
 Me'ad, W. H 83 
 
 Metzinger, Dr. J. J 104 
 
 Miller. John 73 
 
 Middaugh. J. C 157 
 
 Mitchell. Ben 115 
 
 Monson, John 132 
 
 Moe, L. S 05 
 
 Morehouse, B. F 82 
 
 Monnich, Bernard .... 00 
 
 Monnich. Gerd 0(1 
 
 Monnich. John 0(1 
 
 Monnich, Herman 0(1 
 
 Monnich. T. H 128 
 
 Miller, Herman B ....144 
 
 Mortison, M. M 110 
 
 Morse, E. N 89 
 
 Murrell, George A. . 103 
 
 ;Munger. W. H 74 
 
 Mulliken, H. A 155 
 
 Nelson, N. P 131 
 
 Nelson. P. A 112 
 
 Newsom. J. C Mil 
 
 Nicodemus, C. B 79 
 
 Nicodemus. C. Ba.xter. . 79 
 
 Noves. C, B 158 
 
 Nye, Ray Ii4 
 
 Nye, Theron '>'> 
 
 O'Brien, I'\ E 103 
 
 O'Sullivan, Rev. J. J.. 9.") 
 Overgaard, Dr. A. P...104 
 Osterloh, Gerhard 128 
 
 Parks. Samuel B 59 
 
 Parks, Tliomas S 50 
 
 Parks. Thomas H 59 
 
 Pascoe, Joseph 109 
 
 Patterson, Wm 151 
 
 Patterson, Robert ....151 
 
 Perrigo, Chas. H 1 1« 
 
 Peters, J. H 51 
 
 43 
 
 y-z'.w 
 
 \yy 
 
Peters, Samuel W ol 
 
 Patterson. Thomas S.. (i!) 
 
 Phinnev. John KiO 
 
 Phillip's, Kzi-a l.H 
 
 Phillips. William I."i4 
 
 I'ohl, Utto 1(19 
 
 Pollard, C. C Ill 
 
 Porter, Thomas l.jn 
 
 Pratt, H. H 92 
 
 Pulsifer. Carl T 148 
 
 Pulsifer. John C 148 
 
 P>andall, C. A 119 
 
 Rantz. F. (' 119 
 
 Reed. John 14o 
 
 Reed, Percy 14(1 
 
 Reed. Robert 14(1 
 
 Reeder. A. C .Vi 
 
 Renter. Fred 14li 
 
 . i:i.-, 
 
 . . (i(i 
 . . (iH 
 
 (;:! 
 
 .. 7() 
 .. IV.i 
 
 Reinke. J. H. . 
 
 Remmele. E 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 Reynolds. 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 (". 
 B. 
 J. 
 L. 
 
 S. 
 
 w 
 
 F. . 
 
 W 
 
 Wilson (iii 
 
 Rine, Philip S 81 
 
 Richards, L. D 7") 
 
 Roberts. Joseph 8:5 
 
 Richardson. Geo. W. ..13;} 
 
 itizer. D. G KiO 
 
 Robinson, J. B .")1 
 
 Robinson, William.... ."il 
 
 Rogers, E. H (>.") 
 
 Rogers, J. H 78 
 
 Rogers, Manley 78 
 
 Romberg. John '['yl 
 
 Ross, Alex 137 
 
 Roubinek. L. J 144 
 
 Rutt', George 81 
 
 Ruff. Hans: 8L 
 
 Ruwe. William 86 
 
 Schneider. C'onrad 149 
 
 Schneider. R. B (i4 
 
 Sehurman. ICrnest 73 
 
 Schwab. Jacob 120 
 
 Schwab. Heni'y. Sr . . 120 
 
 Sehmadeke, Fred 1 "iS 
 
 Seebeck, John H 140 
 
 Seeley, M. F 9() 
 
 Sievers. Charles 149 
 
 Short, D. B 78 
 
 Schulz, F. A 1.37 
 
 Sexson, J. W 108 
 
 Shephard. J. Merrill ..109 
 
 Shiyely. J. M 10(i 
 
 Sloss. James S7 
 
 Smith, C. A .")3 
 
 Smith. C. W 11)2 
 
 Smith. Francis .M 0.5 
 
 Smith. J. G 03 
 
 Smith. J. Mason o7 
 
 Smith. J. To^yner .)3 
 
 Smith. L. B .".3 
 
 Smails. Wm. E 71 
 
 Sheryin. John E 70 
 
 Stewart. A. E KiO 
 
 Stenvers, Arend 12H 
 
 Stenvers. Mauritz 12fi 
 
 Stephens, Dan V 98 
 
 Stroh. Adolf 123 
 
 Stroh, Louis 123 
 
 .Simmons. Chas. D 103 
 
 Starmer. C. S 103 
 
 Stangel. George A l.")2 
 
 Sturbaum, Theo 143 
 
 Sturbaum. Henry 143 
 
 Stone, George G 1 '>3 
 
 Suhr. Herman 13(i 
 
 Swanson. Dan 110 
 
 Swihart, J. W 113 
 
 Sweet, C. C 119 
 
 Stecher, Frank 143 
 
 Starmer, Moses l.")3 
 
 Starmer, Thomas 1.53 
 
 Thomas, W. D 54 
 
 Townsend. I. O loO 
 
 Turner. George .54 
 
 Turner. W. H 54 
 
 Turton. George J 5f) 
 
 THis.s, R. A 102 
 
 Uehling, Henry 129 
 
 Uehling. Theodore 129 
 
 Uehling. John M 125 
 
 Usher. E. C 55 
 
 Van Anda. J. W (i8 
 
 VanAnda.Rev. Joel A. (j8 
 
 Van Anda. J. A (iS 
 
 Van Buren. Dr 85 
 
 Vars, J. W 80 
 
 Vaughan. Fred W loii 
 
 Von Seggern. Henrv. . . 130 
 
 ady. W. I Iii3 
 
 hitfield, Richard 117 
 
 est. Gideon 79 
 
 est. William 79 
 
 elty. D. M 
 
 eigle, George. . . 
 eigle, Godfred . 
 igglesworth. Dr. 
 hitaker. Wm. . . 
 
 illiams, C. M 93 
 
 ilson, W. E 77 
 
 ilson. Wallace 77 
 
 ilson. Thomas 77 
 
 ilson. W. R 
 
 intersteen, J. H. Sr. 
 intersteen, Waldo., 
 irminghaus. F. W. . 
 
 oleott. G. W 
 
 olsleger, Herman. . . 
 olsleger. Wra. J. . . . 
 
 olz, George F 77 
 
 right. Matthew 134 
 
 upper. Rev. F 120 
 
r$:$i 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 016 094 230 7' 
 
 
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