I xt tt ^ + + + n I n I It I XX FOR Washington City NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS AND MAP. WASHINGTON: lAM H. MORRISON. M^__-^*— •'^ *^ ■*'-^ •- + I u I n I tt 1 t; I tt I tt I tt I tt I XX I tt I tt I xx\ I tt I k. ^ ffl >»T3 Jr- ' ■ p 5TF=~ n"^ »?/ u r L , >*p ^ *7t\ ^'^ \^ MORRISON'S STRANGER'S GUIDE FOR Illustrated with Numerous Engravings AND Map. Revised and Brought Down to the Present Time. WASHINGTON, D. C. WILLIAM H. MORRISON. 1884. MAP L^ eib^jii. '06 * CONTENTS, PAGE Washington City 3 The Capitol— General Description 5-24 Providence Hospital 24 United States Coast Survey Office 24 Navy Yard 24 Government Hospital for the Insane... 25 Marine Barracks 25 Christ Church 25 Naval Hospital 26 Congressional Cemetery 26 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 27 Government Printing Office 27 Government Botanical Garden 28 Arsenal 29 Smithsonian Institution 30 National Museum -. 31 Department of Agriculture '6'.\ Museum of Agriculture 33 Conservatory 33 Bureau of Printing and Engraving 33 Propagating Garden 34 Washington Monument 34 Carp Ponds 35 Franklin Square 35 Army Medical Museum 35 Masonic Temple 36 Patent Office... 36 Columbian University 37 Wayland Seminary 38 Post-Office Department 38 Judiciary Square and City Hall 39 Rock Creek Church and Cemetery 39 National Military Cemetery 39 PAGE Soldiers' Home 39 Hoveard University 40 Treasury Department 41 Cash Room 42 Department of Justice 43 President's House 43 Lafayette Square..... 44 Corcoran Art Gallery 45 New State, War and Navy Depart- ments 45 Winder's Building 46 Rawlins Statue 46 Signal Office 46 National Observatory 47 Georgetown 48 Arlington House 48 The Cemetery 48 Georgetown University 49 Convent of the Visitation 50 Georgetown High Service Reservoir.... 50 Oak Hill Cemetery 50 Scott Statue 50 Louise Home 51 Thomas Statue 51 Great Falls of the Potomac 51 Mount Vernon 52 Alexandria 52 City Post-Office 53 Churches 54 Hotels 55 Railroads 55 Street Cars 56 Theatres 56 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by William H. Morrison, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. S; STRAN,GER'S GUIDE. ,'' V r: i y WASHINGTON CITY. ASHINGTON, the seat of Government of the United States, is situated upon the Potomac, at th^ head of tide-water and of navi- gation, at the confluence of tlie Anacostia. The Potomac is the broadest river in the Union, and one of the most beautiful. At its mouth it is YJ miles wide; at Washington its width is If miles; while the Anacostia at its mouth is ai3out as wide as the main stream. A grand natural amphitheatre is formed by a chain of low wooded hills encircling the city on the east, north, and west, the sides and tops of which afford commanding views. The site is one of the most beautiful in the Union, and admirably adapted to manufactures and commerce. But owing to the immediate vicinity of Baltimore and Alexandria, and the official gifts of the Government, the at- tention of the inhabitants has never turned toward the great natural advan- tages of the position for business enterprises. The city is contemporaneous with the Capitol. Prior to the location of the seat of government at this place, there was not even a village where the beautiful cily now stretches its broad avenues. The act establishing the seat of government at its present location was passed July 16, 1790; and in 1800 the transfer from Philadel- phia took place. The grandeur of the plan of the city, and the distances of the public edifices from each other, with the slender aid afforded by Con- gress, have retarded its growth and the completion of the original .design. But these difficulties are being overcome, and, since 1861, there has been new life infused into the sluggish spirit that made Washington known as "a city of distances." In 1870 the real improvements began in earnest, and Washington, with its lovely parked streets and avenues, its completed and newly-begun public buildings and elegant private residences, is, perhaps, the most beautiful city in the Union. The prosperity and comfort of the city is greatly enhanced by the munificent supply of water through the grand aqueduct recently completed. The consumption of water daily is, at this date, 126,000,000 gallons, the largest quantity proportionately to size of any city in the world. On the 21st of February, 1871, an Act of Congress was passed, declaring that all that part of the territory of the United States included within the limits of the District of Columbia should be created into a government by the name of the said district, and that the executive power and authority in and over the same should be vested in a Governor, who sl^piild be appointed by the President; and the legislative power be vested in a legislative assem- bly. Under this act the President appointe'd Renry D. Co ik, Governor, who resigned September, 1873, wlien Alexander K. Shepherd was appointed his successor, and remained in office until June, 1874, when the act of February, 1871, was amended by abolishing the executive and the legislature, and vest- ing the authority temporarily in three Commissioners. According to an Act of Congress, approved June 11th, 1878, a permanent form of government for the District of Columbia was established. It consists steanger's guide of three Commissioners, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Under a provision of the bill it is required that onfe of the said Commissioners shall be an officer of the Engineer Corps of the army, whose lineal rank shall be above that of captain. The commissioners now holding office under this act are Major Lydecker, General West, and James B. Edmonds. The offices of the District Govern- ment are located in the Morrison Building, on Four-and-a-half Street, between Pennsylvania Avenue and C Street, N. W. Under the provisions of the bill for establishing the permanent govern- ment, the Government of the United States assumes a fair and equitable share of the general expenses of the District and of the cost of all improve- ments — the effect of which has been a more rapid advance in material pros- perity than ever. It is now believed that in a short time Washington will become in every respect worthy the great nation whose Capital it is, and that in a few short years it will sit crowned the Queen City of the Continent, the delight and pride of all Americans. The growth of the District in population during the past twenty years has been quite rapid. In 1860 the total population was 75,080: in the next decade it had risen to 131,700, while the population of the city had in- creased from 61,122 to 109,199. Another decade has now passed away, and the new census just taken shows the population of the District to be 177,638, of which sum total there are within the limits of the city 147,307. We would here state that the separate cities, Washington and Georgetown, as they ap[)ear to be, are in reality but one, the latter having lost its political identity, but still under the law retaining its name. The same officials, the same laws govern in both. Nothing separates the two places but a small stream (Kock Creek) flowing between. Counting in the population of Georgetown and several thickly-built outlying districts, immediately ad- jacent to the city limits, swells the population of the Capital to over 160,000. There is also, at all times, a large floating population, which during the height of the Congressional or gay season must add to the above numbers at least 20,000 more. The following table of population was obtained from official sources (the Census Office), and may be regarded as being perfectly correct and reliable in every particular: Population of the District op Columbia. According to the U. S. Census of 1880. Mai OS ' m^fes "^^^^ For- eiarn White Col- ored Total i 1 OJ OH \ 13 i « i - 13 —1 CO -a c C c« Washington, . . 68,320 Georgetown, . . . | 5,854 Remaiader of District, 9,420 78,987 133,070 6,724 11,768 8,333 15 689 14,237 810 2,064 99,128 8,819 10,289 48,179 3,759 7,464 59.402 147,307 12,578 17,753 177,638 4 1 5 5 1 Total 83,594 94,044j 160,527i 17.111 ! 118,236 6 Note.— The column denominated " Colored" includes Chinese, Japanese, and Indians. TO WASHINGTON CITY. Fl RST DAY. THE OAPITOL AND ALL EAST OF IT. THE CAPITOL. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.— The Capitol has a noble and command- ing situation upon the brow of what is known as Capitol Hill, in about the centre of the plot of the city, and a mile northeast of the Potomac. The beautiful white dome springing so airily into the sky is visible for miles around, while from it a magnificent view of the surrounding country may be obtained, amply rewarding the exertion of climbing to the outlook. The river is seen to emerge from the narrow gorges of the hills in the direction of the Blue Ridge; suddenly it turns from a nearly eastern to a southern direction, and, meeting with the ocean tides, it widens into a bay a mile in width, whose placid waters mirror the elevated slopes which wall it on either side. The Capitol, like Rome, was not built in a day. It has gradually grown with the country, and, like the country, it was modelled upon a grand scale, and with an eye to future enlargements. The corner-stone of the old building, which now constitutes the centre of the new edifice, was laid on the 18th of September, 1793, by General Washington, in the presence of a large concourse of citizens, and with imposing ceremonies. The plan was drawn by Dr. Thornton, and the work executed under several successive architects (Messrs. Hallet, Hadfield, Hoban, Bulfinch, and Latrobe), but was not complete when it was destroyed by the British army, in 1814. It was rebuilt in the course of the succeeding ten years, but after a quarter of a century it was found inadequate in many respects to the public conveni- ence. It is 352 feet 4 inches in length. The width of the wings is 121 feet, and the width of the centre, including the portico and steps, 290 feet. This whole structure, including centre and wings, became the centre of the new building. The corner-stone of the new wings was laid by President Fillmore, on the 4th of July, 1851. Mr. Webster delivered an oration on the occasion. The wings are connected with the main building by corridors, each 44 feet in length and 55 in width. They are each 324 feet in length from east to west, including porticoes and steps, by 152 feet 8 inches from north to south, including porticoes. The total length of the whole edifice is 751 feet 4 inches. The material of the old building is yellow sandstone, which has been painted white to beautify and preserve it The wings are of white marble. The architecture is Corinthian, and the style of finish, exterior and interior, is elaborate. The new dome rises 241 feet above the top of the building, 6 STRANGER'S GUIDE and 396 feet and 4 inches above the level of the grounds, or only 4 feet less than St. Paul's, and 36 feet less than St. Peter's. The material of the dome is cast iron, and the entire roof is of copper. The architect of the extension was Thos. U. Walter, of Philadelphia. The park surrounding the Capitol has been laid out with especial refer- ence to the location. Up to 1874 the grounds were small and not in keep- ing with the building, but since that date they have been enlarged and beautified after designs by Frederick Law Olmstead, of New York. The walks and drives are arranged so as to secure easy access to the Capitol, and at the same time preserve the privacy of the park, while trees and shrubs are planted to secure vistas to the more beautiful parts of the building from outside the grounds. In the East Park the polished granite caskets are designed for flowering plants, while from the bronze vases above a dense spray of water will be thrown, brilliantly illuminated at night. The large plaza immediately in front of the building is capable of holding an immense concourse of people, and is used for parades and presidential inaugural ceremonies. UNITED STATES CAPITOL. Upon the north side of the grounds there has been placed for the conve- nience and comfort of those ascending the hill, a summer-house and drinking- fountain of unique design. This is of brick, to be entirely covered with ivies, and with one of its windows looking into a beautiful grotto. On the opposite side of the grounds is seen the stone tower, which sup- plies the air for the ventilation of the House of Representatives, and from this a capacious tunnel leads to the fans of the southern wing of the build- ing. The whole park is surrounded by a low stone wall, the entrance along 1st street west being especially elaborate. The design as originally adopted comprised the substitution of a rich marble wall for the earth terraces on the west front, and a magnificent approach from Pennsylvania and Maryland Avenues of the same material. The entire amount appropriated by Congress since 1800 to date, for the construction and preservation of the Capitol, is over $15,000,000. Supposing the visitor approaches the Capitol from the west, the heart of the city, via Pennsylvania Avenue, at the entrance of the park which surrounds TO WASHINGTON CITY. 7 )»• the great building "he will find the beautiful monument (in marble) erected by oflScers of the navv, " in memory of the officers, seamen, and marines who fell in defence of the' Union during the great Civil War, 1861-1865." The height of the two upper figures is 8| feet ; the one, History, has been record- ing the great deeds of the illustrious dead, while at her side, and partly supported by her, the Genius of America, with bowed head, weeps the loss of her valiant children, and will not be comforted. Below is the figure of Victory, 6 feet in height, while at her feet the statuettes Mars and Neptune, representing, respectively, the Marine Corps and the Navy, are two feet in height. Upon the eastern front stands the statue of Peace, showing by her side and at her feet the trophies and emblems of her sweet conquests. The total height of the monument is 40 feet. It was executed in Italy by Frank- lin Simmons, and erected in 1878. Thence proceeding up the broad walks, and ascending the terrace and interior stairways, the Eotunda is reached. THE ROTUNDA is 96 feet in diameter and 180 feet high to the Can- opy, which is 65 feet in diameter. This Canopy is decorated by a fresco by Brumidi, representing a deification of Washington, with Freedom on his right and Victory on his left, while thirteen female figures in the foreground represent the original States. At the base are six groups designed as an allegorical representation of the Kevolution. The artist and his assistants received $39,000 for their work, and the cost of the material is estimated at over $10,000. A nearer view may be obtained from a platform immediately beneath the Canopy in ascending to the top of the Dome. The frieze of the Kotunda is now being decorated with a series of cartoons, representing the leading events in American History, from the Landing of Columbus down to the acquisition of California. The work commenced by Brumidi, and only partly finished at the time of his death, has been taken up by Filippo Costaggini. The circular wall about the sides of the Eotunda is divided into eight panels, occupied by historical paintings. Four of them are illustrative of Revolutionary events, and were executed by Colonel John Trumbull, of Connecticut, an aide-de-camp to Washington. They represent the Declara- tion of Independence ; the Surrender of General Burgoyne, at Saratoga; the Surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown ; and the Resignation of the Command of the Army by Creneral Washington to Congress, at Annapolis, at the con- clusion of peace. The other paintings in the four opposite panels are, re- spectively, the Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Weir ; the Landing of Co- lumbus, by Vanderlyn ; De Soto's Discovery of the Mississippi, by Powell ; and the Baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman. The paintings are all by American artists. PAINTINGS IN THE ROTUNDA.— These paintings contain many portraits painted from life, and deserve a special description on account of their value as truthful representations of noted people and episodes in our history as a nation. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.— The hall, with its fur- niture, and the dress of the figures, are correctly pictured in this portrayal STKANGER S GUIDE of the memorable moment of Signing the Declaration of Independence. The persons represented are, beginning on the left and continuing to the right, 1, George Wythe, of Virginia; 2, William Whipple, and 3, Josiah Bartlett, of New Hampshire; 4, Benjamin Harrison, of Virginia; 5, Thomas Lynch, of South Carolina; 6, R. H. Lee, of Virginia; 7, Samuel Adams, of Massa- chusetts; 8, George Clinton, of New York; 9, AVilliam Paca, and 10, Sam- uel Chase, of Maryland ; 11, Lewis Morris, and 12, William Floyd, of New York ; 13, Arthur Middleton, and 14, Thomas Heyward, of South Carolina; 15, Charles Carroll, of Maryland; 16, George Walton, of Virginia; 17, Robert Morris, 18, Thomas Willing, and 19, Benjamin Rush, of Pennsylva- nia ; 20, Elbridge Gerry, and 21, Robert T. Paine, of Massachusetts ; 22, Abraham Clarke, of New Jersey ; 23, Stephen Hopkins, and 24, William SlCiKlNG OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. Eilery, of Rhode Island ; 25, George Clymer, of Pennsylvania; 26, William Hooper, and 27, Joseph Hewes, of North Carolina; 28, James Wilson, of Pennsylvania; 29, Francis Hopkinson, of New Jersey ; 30, John Adams, of Massachusetts; 31, Roger Sherman, of Connecticut; 32, R. L. Livingstone, of New York; 33, Thomas Jeffei-son, of Virginia; 34, Benjamin Franklin, of Pennsylvania ; 35, Richard Stockton, of New Jersey ; 36, Francis Lewis, of New York ; 37, John Witherspoon, of New Jersey ; 38, Samuel Hunt- ington, 39, William Williams, and 40, Oliver Wolcott, of Connecticut; 41, John Hancock, of Massachusetts ; 42, Charles Thomson, of Pennsylvania ; 43, George Read, of Delaware; 44, Jonathan Dickinson, of Pennsylvania; 45, Edward Rutledge, of South Carolina; 46, Thomas McKean, of Dela- ware; and 47, Philip Livingstone, of New York. SURRENDER OF BURGOYNE.— This painting represents Bur- goyne at Saratoga, October, 1777, as he is offering his sword to General Gates, who declines to receive it, and invites the conquered general into his quarters. Beginning on the left, the portraits are of — 1, Major Lithgow, of Massachusetts ; 2, Colonel Cilley, and 3, General Stark, of New Hamp- shire ; 4, Captain Seymour, of Connecticut ; 5, Major Hull, and 6, Colonel Grearton, of Massachusetts; 7, Major Dearborn, and Colonel Scammell, TO WASHINGTON CITY. of New Hampshire; 9, Colonel Lewis, of New York ; 10, Major-General Phillips, of the British Army; 11, Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, Com- mander of the British forces; 12, General Baron Keidesel, of the British Army; 13, Colonel Wilkinson; 14, General Gates, Commander of the American forces; 15, Colonel Prescott, of Massachusetts; 16, Colonel Mor- gan, of Virginia; 17, Brigadier-General Rufus Putnam ; 18, Lieutenant- SURKEMDER OF BURGOYNE. Colonel Brooks, of Massachusetts; 19, Rev. Mr. Hitchcock, of Rhode Island, Chaplain; 20, Major Robert Troup, of New York; 21, Major Has- kell, of Massachusetts; 22, Major Armstrong; 23, Major-General Philip Schuyler, of New York ; 24, Brigadier-General Glover, of Massachusetts ; 25, Brigadier-General Whipple, of New Hampshire ; 26, Major Clarkson, of New York ; and 27, Major Stevens, of Massachusetts. SURRENDER OF CORN WALLIS.— The surrender of Lord Corn- wallis, at Yorktown, Va., October, 1781, was the close of a long, bitter contest, and was attended by peculiar circumstances. When General Lin- coln had surrendered to the British at Charleston, S. C, some time before, ^ Lord Cornwallis refused to permit the Americans to march out with flying colors, as was usual. When Cornwallis surrendered. General Washington appointed General Lincoln to oversee the manner in which the British should submit, which was with arms shouldered and colors lowered. On the right of the road leading to Yorktown are the American troops, and opposite are the French troops, while Cornwallis and his officers are passing the American and French generals. The persons represented are, beginning on the left : 1 , Count Deuxponts ; 2, Duke de Laval Montmorency; 3, Count Custine ; 4, Duke de Lauzun; 5, General Choisy ; 6, Viscount Viomesnil ; 7, Marquis de St. Simon; 8, Count Fersen; 9, Count Dumas; 10, Marquis Chastellux; 11, Baron Viomesnil ; 12, Count de Barre; 13, Count de Grasse; 14, Count Rochambeau, General-in- Chief of the French forces; 15, General Lincoln; 16, Colonel Stevens; 17, General Washington ; 18, Thomas Nelson ; 19, Lafayette ; 20, Baron Steuben ; * 10 STRANGER S GUIDE 21, Colonel Cobb ; 22, Colonel Trumbull ; 23, Major-General Clinton, of New York ; 24, General Gist, of Maryland ; 25, General Wayne, of Pennsylvania ; 26, General Hand, of Pennsylvania; 27, General Muhlenberg, of Pennsyl- vania ; 28, Major-General Knox; 29, Lieutenant-Colonel Huntington; 30, SUBRENDER OF CORNWALLIS. Colonel Timothy Pickering; 31, Colonel Alexander Hamilton; 32, Colonel Laurens, of South Carolina; 33, Colonel Walter Stuart, of Pennsylvania; 34, Colonel Nicholas Fish, of New York. RESIGNATION OF GENERAL WASHINGTON.— This scene transpired in the State House at Annapolis, Md., December 23, 1783. The RESIGNATION OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. portraits given are of the following persons, commencing on the left: 1, Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, who was president of Congress ; 2, Charles TO WASHINGTON CITY. 11 Thomson, of Pennsylvania; 3, Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts ; 4, Hugh Williamson, of North Carolina; 5, Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts; 6„ Edward McComb, of Delaware ; 7, George Partridge, of Massachusetts ; 8 Edward Lloyd, of Maryland ; 9, R. D. Spraight, and 10, Benjamin Hawkins' of North Carolina; 11, A. Foster, of New York; 12, Thomas Jefferson, o^ Virginia; 13, Arthur Lee, of Virginia ; 14, David Howell, of Ehode Island' 15, James Monroe, of Virginia ; 16, Jacob Reed, of South Carolina ; 17' James Madison, of Virginia ; 18, William Ellery, of Rhode Island ; 19, J* Chase, of Maryland; 20, S. Hardy, of Virginia; 21, C. Morris, of Penn" sylvania; 22, General Washington; 23 and 24, Colonels Walker and Hum" phreys ; 25 and 26, Generals Smallwood and Williams ; 27 and 28, Colonel^ Smith and Howard, of Maryland ; 29, Charles Carroll, and two daughters, o^ Maryland; 30, Mrs. Washington and her three grandchildren; 31, Danie^ Jenifer, of Maryland. THE BAPTISM OF POCAHONTAS, 1613— This Indian princess is receiving the Christian sacrament of baptism. At her side is John Rolfe, her future husband. The following partraits are introduced, beginning on the left: 1, Standard Bearer; 2, Page; 3, John and Ann Laydon; 4, Sir BAPTISM OF POCAHONTAS. Thomas Dale; 5, Alexander Whitaker; 6, Hans Spilman; 7, Pocahontas; 8, Mr. and Mrs, Forrest, first settlers ; 9, John Rolfe ; lO, sister to Pocahontas ; 11, Nantequas, brother of Pocahontas ; 12, Opechancanoagh ; 13, uncle to Pocahontas; 14, Richard Whiffin. DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.— This painting is intended as a representation of the moment Avhen De Soto discovered the Mississippi, May, 1541 ; but is not considered historically correct, as the party was ragged and broken down, and felt little elation when at last the waters of the great river broke upon their view. The figures are De Soto mounted, and some soldiers and Indians. De Soto, it will be remembered, died from fatigue, and was buried in the river. 12 STRANGER S GUIDE DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI BY DE SOTO. LANDING OP COLUMBUS.— This represents Columbus, October 12th, 1492, in the act of proclaiming possession, in the name of the King LANDING OF COLUMBUS. and Queen of Spain, of the island which was the first land discovered. The figure of Columbus is easily recognized, and the remaining figures explain themselves. EMBARKATION OF THE PILGRIMS.— This picture portrays the Puritan Fathers embarking for the wilds of America, from Delft Haven, Holland, July 21, 1620, in the hope of finding there religious liberty. The following are the portraits, commencing on the left: 1, boy of Mrs. Winslow ; 2, Mr. and Mrs. Winslow ; 3, Mr. and Mrs. White ; 4, boy of Mrs. Winslow ; 5, Mrs. Brewster and child ; 6, Elder William Brewster ; 7, Mr. and Mrs. Fuller; 8, William Bradford; 9, Governor Carver; 10, Nurse and child; 11, Mrs. Carver and child; 12, William Kobinson; TO WASHINGTON CITY. 13 pastor of thj little flock ; 18, Mrs. Bradford ; 14, Captain Eeynolds ; 15, boy of Governor Carver; 16, Miles Standish and his wife Rose. Above the four entrances to the Rotunda are four groups of sculpture in high relief, also illustrative of events in the history of the country. That over the north door represents William Penn in the act of making a treaty with the Indians under an elm tree. On the opposite wall, Daniel Boone, the pioneer of Kentucky, is represented in a desperate conflict with some Indians. Over the eastern doorway is a group representing the land- EMBABKATION OF THE PILGRIMS. ing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock. The boat has just touched the rock, when the Englishman is met by the Indian with au offer of an ear of corn, as a symbol of hospitality and friendship. The child of the white man seems to beg his fatiier not to venture on shore, while the mother looks with trustful eyes to heaven. Over the western door, Pocahontas is shown in the act of shielding Captain John Smith, the pioneer colonist of Virginia, from the savage ferocity of her father, Powhatan. These groups are by Italian artists, and cost $3500 each. LIBRARY of CONGRESS. The principal door of the Library is directly opposite the west door of the Rotunda This Library consists of a hall 91 feet long, 34 feet wide, and 38 feet high, with a wing on the north, and one on the south end of the main hall. These Avings are each 95 feet long, 29} feet wide, and 38 feet high These halls are considered to be perfectly fire- proof, the entire shelving and walls being built of iron, and tbe floor laid with white and black marble. It is one of the few fire- congressional library. 14 STRANGER S GUIDE proof libraries in the world, and the largest and finest in the United States. It is for the use of Senators and Members of the House of Representatives, Judges of the United States Supreme Court, and heads of the Departments, as well as for public reference. It consists of about 375,000 volumes and 150,000 pamphlets. The number increases at the rate of about 15,000 volumes and 5000 pamphlets annually. It is peculiarly rich in books and maps relating to America, and, very prop- erly, more information of the history and topography of America is to be found here than in any other library in the world. A magnificent view of the city can be obtained from the balcony on the west side of the library. All persons of not less than sixteen years of age can obtain books, to be read only in the library, by filling one of the blank forms lying on the table, and lianding it in at the librarian's desk. The law branch of the library occupies a room formerly used by the Supreme Court of the United States, and is immediately under the present Supreme Court Room. This law library is the largest and most valuable collection of the kind in the United States. The Librarian of Congress is the sole registrar of copyrights for the United States, and all copyrighted publications are required to be deposited in this Government Library. The accessions from this source amount to many thousands annually. COURT ROOM. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.— (Old Senate Chamber.) Returning to the Rotunda, the visitor, in passing to the Senate wing through the north door of tlie Rotunda, will find the door of the Supreme Court Room open- ing on the right from the vesti- bule. The second Monday in October has been fixed by act of Congress, January, 1873, as the day for the opening of the sessions of the Court. This room was formerly the United States Senate chamber. Continuing north, the visitor reaches the corridor of the Senate, opposite the entrance to the floor of the chamber, then, turning to the right, he follows the corridor until he reaches the vestibule of the main entrance to the Senate wing, where is found the Crawford or SENATE BRONZE DOOR.— This beautiful work of art was placed in its position at the eastern or main entrance to the Senate wing in Novem- ber, 1868. It is 14 feet six inches high, and measures in width, including the jambs, 7 feet 6 inches. It consists of two valves, the one on the right, SUPREME COURT ROOM. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 15 commemorating War and its fierce conflicts; that on the left, Peace and its attendant triumphs. In the upper panel of the right valve we have the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the death of Warren ; next the Battle of Mon- mouth, and General Lee, who meditated betraying the American Army, receiving the scathing rebuke of Washington ; next comes the Siege^ of Yorktown, with the noble and gallant Hamilton at the head of the storming party ; and finally we see a Hessian soldier attacking the homestead of a Colonist, and receiving his death-wound from its brave defender. In the lower panel of the left valve we have the allegorical representation of Peace : in the panel next above is the ovation to Washington, at Trenton, N. J., as he was on his way to New York to assume the office of President ; the panel above this represents the Inauguration of Washington, as first President of the United States ; and in the upper panel we see the laying of the Corner- stone of the Capitol by Washington, in September, 1793. This door was designed by Crawford, and is generally considered to be equal to the Rogers door, beside having the merit of being a home produc- tion, as it was cast at the Chicopee Foundry, in Massachusetts, by the Messrs. Ames ; it was the last work of the lamented Crawford. The entire weight of the door is 14,000 pounds; the cost of construction was $56,000, of which the artist received $6000 for the model, and the remainder was for casting. Above the door are two figures in American marble, by Crawford, repre- senting Justice and History. Passing through this door, the visitor emerges upon the portico of the Senate wing. The tympanum of the pediment of this portico is filled with sculpture by Crawford. He endeavored to represent by a single group the history and condition of the United States. In the centre stands the figure of America, holding in her right hand some laurel wreaths, which she offers as rewards to those of her citizens who have justly earned such honors. She is supported by the eagle and by the rising sun, typical of the strength and youth of the nation. On the right are the emblems of civilization and progress, which are the fruits of liberty and re- publicanism. The soldier stands with his hand on his sword ready to defend ; the merchant, with his hand on the globe, advances commerce; the youth, from the public school, comes ready to serve his country and promote her industry by educated application to trade, to manufactures, to diplomacy, or to arms ; the teacher instructs the youth ; the mechanic rests from his labor with hammer and wheel, and occupies his place between the emblems of agriculture and commerce and public instruction and employment. On the left hand the conquest of the wilderness and of the savage are pre- sented. The pioneer levels the forest. The youthful hunter, loaded with game, looks askance at the clearing of the new settler. The Indian warrior, in an attitude of deepest despondency, contemplates and laments the gradual extinction of his race, and his wife and children recline behind him, aud separate him from the grave, which here is typical of the end of an inferior race, which is giving place to culture and education in a higher order of beings. This is considered by many to be the greatest work of Crawford, and one of the loveliest adornments of the Capitol. Re-entering, the visitor will see at the foot of the stairs leading to the East Gallery of the Senate, the statue of Franklin by Powers. Cost, $10,000. 16 STRANGER S GUIDE Above the first landing is the painting of Perry's Victory over the British on Lake Erie, by Powell, of Ohio. Cost, $25,000. This staircase is of highly polished Tennessee marble, and is exceedingly beautiful. THE SENATE RECEPTION ROOM opens from the north of the east vestibule of the Senate wing. This room is sixty feet long. The ceiling is vaulted and divided into two ai-ches. The north half is embellished with frescoes, representing Liberty, War, Plenty, and Peace ; and those in the south half represent Prudence, Justice, Temperance, and Strength. These are by Brumidi, as is also the painting under the arch in the south wall, portraying Washington in consultation with Jefferson, Secretary of State, and Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury. On the east a door opens into the Post-office of the Senate. The fresco on the ceiling is by Brumidi, and represents History, Geography, Physics, and the Telegraph. Adjoining is the room of the Sergeant-at-arms of the Senate. On the walls are four designs representing War, Union, and Peace. The west door .of the Reception Room leads into the vestibule of the Senate Lobby. A private staircase on the left is guarded by a beautiful bronze rail- ing. On the west side of the Lobby is a similar staircase. These, though lovely and elaborate, are but little noticed, owing to the darkness of this portion of the building. Passing into the Senate Lobby, which is open to the public when the Senate is not in session, the first door on the right opens into the Vice-President's room. Peale's painting of Washington is in this room. The second door on the right of the Lobby leads to a small vestibule, from which opens the Marble Room. The ceilings and columns are of white marble, and the walls of Tennessee marble. It is used as a private reception room by the Senators. This is considered the most beau- tiful room in the Capitol. Returning to the Lobby, the two doors on the left open into the SENATE CHAMBER, which may be visited at any time when the Senate is not in session. This chamber is 113 feet 3 inches long, by 80 feet 3 inches wide, including the galleries, which extend all around, and will accommodate about one thousand persons. The space under the galleries, on the east, west, and south sides, is partitioned into cloak rooms for the Senators, and on the north side is the Senate Lobby. The area of the floor is diminished by these rooms to 83 feet 11 inches long, 51 feet 1 inch wide. The Vice-President presides over this body. His desk occupies a raised MARBLE ROOM, SENATE. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 17 platform on the north side. The floor will seat 74 senators. Many of the desks in use were used in the old Senate Chamber more than half a century ago. The portion of the gallery over the President of the Senate is devoted to the reporters of the press. On the south side, opposite the Reporters' Gal- lery, is the Diplomatic Gallery, for the accommodation of foreign represen- SENATE CHAMBER. tatives. The Ladies' Gallery is east of that portion assigned to the diplo- matic corps and reporters, while that on the west is for gentlemen. In the northeast vestibule of the Ladies' Gallery may be found two of the finest paintings in the building, viz. : "The Grand Canon of the Yellow- stone" and "The Grand Canon of the Colorado," both the work of the emi- nent American artist, Thomas Moran. THE LADIES' RETIRING ROOM is on the north, directly back of and opening from that portion of the Ladies' Gallery adjoining the Re- porters' Gallery. It is for the exclusive use of ladies, and is complete in all requirements, and is attended by a woman employed by the Senate. The Senate Chamber is lighted by a skylight in the roof. At night the gas-jets along the glass panels above the ceiling are ignited by electricity, and the light is quite like sunlight. The ceiling is of iron, with glass panels in the centre to let the light into the hall. These panels are painted in sym- bols of the Union, the Army, the Navy, and the mechanical arts. Again, returning to the Lobby, we pass into a small vestibule on the west. On the right is the PRESIDENT'S ROOM, where the President sits during the last hur- ried days of the session, to be nearer the Senate, in order to sign the bills as soon as passed by the Senate and House of Representatives. The walls and ceilings are handsomely decorated. Portraits of JefFersgn, Sec- retary of State ; Henry Knox, Secretary of War; and Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury ; Edmund Randolph, Attorney-General, and 18 STRANGER S GUIDE Franklin, or History, pieces between these president's room in the CAPITOL. S. Osgood, Postmaster General, Washington's first Cabinet, are on the walls, as is also a portrait of Washington. The four corner frescoes over- head represent Columbus, or Discovery ; William Brewster, Eeligion ; Americus Vespucius, Explora- tion ; and The four represent Liberty, Legislation, Keligion, and Executive Power. All by Brumidi. After leaving the west vesti- bule, a corridor to the left leads to the west staircase ascending to the galleries. This staircase is in beautiful white marble, and is usually considered much finer than the east staircase of Tennes- see marble. Opposite the foot of the stairs is a statue of John Hancock, by Stone. Cost, $5500. At the first landing is a painting by Walker of New York, The Storming of Chapultepec under General Scott. Cost, |6000. BASEMENT OF SENATE WING.— The steps leading down below the east and west staircases are to the basement. All the passages are hand- somely painted and richly decorated. The rooms are chiefly devoted to Committee and Folding rooms. These Committee rooms are richly adorned and frescoed, and v/ill reward a walk to them ; over the entrance to the Committee room on Foreign Kelations is a fresco of the Signing of the Treaty of Ghent, and on the entrance to the Committee room on Patents a full-length fresco of Robert Fulton, both by Brumidi. Admission may be obtained by application to a Senator or the Sergeant-at-Arms. The Heating and Ventilating Apparatus is in the basement, in the south- west portion "of the Senate wing, and is always open to visitors. The engi- neer will explain the principle upon which fresh and hot air are forced into the Senate Chamber. The rooms in the basement that are worth seeing the most are those occupied by the Committee on Indian AfFairs (this was intended for the Committee on Agriculture, and is decorated with American fruits and vines) ; the Committee on Naval .Affairs, and the Committee on Military Affairs. These two are frescoed emblematically. Many of the other rooms are verv beautiful. The Official Telegraph is in the Senate basement, and the wires connect with the Executive Department and Government Printing Office, and is now connected with all the Departments by telephone. The Crypt is to be found in the basement, under the Rotunda, and on the way from the Senate wing to the House wing. The forty columns that sup- port the floor of the Rotunda are here, and the exact centre of the Capitol is the star in the centre of the pavement. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 19 The Undercroft is beneath the Crypt. It was the original intention to lay the remains of Washington here. A portion of the bier which held the re- mains of Lincoln, Thaddeas Stevens, and Chief Justice Chase, is here. An oflScer of the building will open the Undercroft for visitors. Continuing south from the Crypt we reach the BASEMENT OF THE HOUSE WING.— The arrangement is simi- lar to that of the Senate basement. A restaurant, where all kinds of refresh- ments may be obtained, is found here as well as in the Senate basement. The heating and ventilating apparatus is the same also. The room of the Committee on Agriculture is one of the handsomest frescoed rooms in the building. It is near the foot of the west staircase on the House side. The fresco is by Brumidi. On the east wall is a representation of Cin- cinnatus called from the plough to become Dictator of Rome. On the oppo- site wall is Putnam called from the plough to join in the battle for liberty. A medallion of Washington and a Harvest in the Olden Time are on the south wall, while opposite is Jefferson, and a Harvest with Modern Im- provements. On the ceiling are representations of Flora, Ceres, Bacchus, and Boreas, symbolical of the four seasons. The Bath Boom, for the use of Members of Congress, is here in the base- ment, and is worth seeing. The visitor may now ascend the east or west stair, leading to the floor above. The House wing is, in general, the same as the Senate wing, only the Hall of Bepresentatives is larger than the Senate Chamber. The east staircase, the same as that of the Senate, leads to the east galleries. At the foot is a statue of Jefferson, by Powers, which cost $10,000. Over the first landing is an equestrian portrait of General Scott, by Troye. The corridors south of the House are similar to those north of the Senate, and the House is also similar to the Senate lobby. Opening from it are the Members' Reception Rooms and the Speakers' Room. These are open when the house is not in session. At the foot of the west staircase is the head of an Indian warrior, Buffalo, from nature. Over the first landing is the picture of Westward Ho! by Emanuel Leutze ; cost $20,000. It is a party of emigrants, and explains itself. The galleries are like those of the Senate. THE HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES is similar to the Senate chamber, but differs somewhat in the style of painting, and has desks for over three hundred members. It is 139 feet long, by 93 feet wide in its greatest extent. The floor is 113 feet by 67 feet. The galleries will accommodate some fifteen hundred persons. Upon the wall east of the Speaker, is the full-length portrait of Washington, by Vanderlyn, 1834, and on the opposite side a portrait of the Marquis de Lafayette, by Ary Schefler, 1822. In the panel just east of the Washing- ton is a painting by Bierstadt, the "King's River Canon," while occupying the corresponding panel on the west, adjoining the Lafayette, is the " Dis- covery of the Hudson," by the same artist, both works of decided merit. Ad- joining the last named is a fresco, by Brumidi, repi'esenting Washington at 20 STRANGER'S GUIDE Yorktown. The Speaker's desk is of white marble, and very beautiful. The hall is lighted, heated and ventilated in the same manner as the Senate. HOUSE OF KEPRESEMTATIVES. NATIONAL HALL OF STATUARY.— (Old Hall of Eepresenta- tives.) — After leaving the House wing follow the corridor leading north until tills room is reached. It was formerly 'used as the House of Kepre- sentatives. It is said to have been modelled after the remains of a Grecian theatre at Athens. It is semicircular. The roof is supported by columns of variegated marble, or pudding-stone, from quarries on the Potomac. Over the north entrance is a beautiful clock, in marble, representing History seated in the winged car of Time, by Franzoni. The car is on a globe, upon which are cut the signs of the zodiac. July 2d, 1864, Congress passed an Act setting apart this beautiful chamber as a Hall of Statuary, and inviting each and all the States to furnish statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for each State, of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof, and illustrious for their historic renown, or from distinguished civic or military services. Up to this time the privilege has been accepted to a limited extent, which is greatly to be regretted. Rhode Island has sent a marble statue of Nathaniel Greene, Major-General in the Revolu- tionary army, by H. K. Browne, of New York. This is considered by many the finest statue in the Capitol. The second statue from Rhode Island is of Roger Williams, by Simmons. Connecticut was the second to respond, and has OLD CLOCK, HOUSE OF P^^ced W statucs in marble of Jonathan Trum- REPRESENTATIVES. buU and Roger Sherman, both by Ives. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 21 New York came next, with a bronze statute of George Clinton, of Revo- lutionary fame, and Vice-President of the United States, by H. K. Browne. The second contribution from New Yoi'k is the Robert Livingston, also in bronze, the work of that genial gentleman and artist, E. D. Palmer. Next in order follows Vermont. She sends to the National Gallery, first, her grand old warrior of Revolutionary fame, Ethan Allen, executed in marble, by Larkin G. Mead, himself a son of Vermont. The statue is colossal in size, and represents the old hero at the time when, in the name of the "Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress," he demands the sur- I'ender of Fort Ticonderoga. The second gift of Vermont to the nation — a statue of her eminent ex-senator and jurist, Jacob Collamer — is now being executed in Italy. Massachusetts follows next, having placed in the Hall her statue of John Winthrop, her first Governor of the Colony, done in marble by Richard S. Greenough. The Governor is represented as in the act of landing and first pressing his foot upon the soil of America, bearing with him the Great Charter, which he holds in his right hand, in the left carrying the Bible. The second contribution from Massachusetts — the statue of her great Revo- lutionary leader, Samuel Adams, by Miss Whitney, of Boston — is admired as a work of art and a striking representation of the great Republican. New Jersey has ordered the following: Richard Stockton, marble, by H. K. Browne. Major-General Philip Kearney, killed in the Rebellion, bronze, by H. K. Browne. Maine contributes the statue of her first Governor, William King, by Franklin Simmons, one of the most impressive statues in the United States. The much-talked-of Abraham Lincoln, for which Miss Ream received $15,000 : a bust of Lincoln, by Mrs. Ames, $2000 ; a bust of Kosciusko, in marble, by Saunders, $500; bust of Crawford, the sculptor; bust of Critten- den, by Hart ; the bronze statue of Jefferson, by David, which for many years stood in the park north of the President's House ; and II Penseroso, by Mosier, $2000, are also here, as well as the magnificent statue of Alexan- der Hamilton, by Stone, $10,000. A collection of paintings has also been begun. There are portraits of Henry Clay, by Neagle; of Charles Carroll, by Chester Harding; of Gun- ning Bedford, of Delaware, by Stuart; one of Joshua R. Giddings, by Miss Ransom, $1000; and a mosaic of Lincoln, presented to the Government of the United States by Salviati, of Venice. The visitor, proceeding north, will again enter the Rotunda and pass through the door to the stairway leading to the Dome. THE DOME is ascended by a stairway inside the first door to the left of the north entrance of the Rotunda, in the passage leading to the Senate wing ; and, though the way is intricate, it will well repay the visitor who ascends. The beautiful city lies at his feet, surrounding him on every side, (vhile in the distance, for many miles around, field, forest, and river open to his view. Down the latter can be seen the spires and shipping of Alexandria, and, still lower down, the gray w-alls of Fort Washington are dimly visible; while, looking westward, historic Arlington shows its columned front. 22 stranger's guide STAIUE OF LlBEiiir. Turning east and southeast, the Anacostia meets his sight ; while, crowning the wooded hills beyond, is the Govern- ment Insane Asylum. Northeast he can see Kendall Green, the roadways and trains of the B. & O. R. R., and off in the distance the Eeform School ; while a glance to the north and west will reveal the Park and Tower of the Soldiers' Home, the Howard University, the Colum- bian University, and the lofty heights of Georgetown, with its beautiful University building. The Dome is surmounted by a tholus, upon which is placed a colossal statue of Freedom in bronze, 18 feet high, said to weigh 15 tons. It was designed in plaster, in Italy, by Crawford, and cast in bronze from this model by Clark Mills, at Bladensburg ; the cost was about 123,800. Descending from the Dome and return- ing to the Rotunda, the visitor will pass out of the east entrance, and reach the Bronze door, opening upon the main portico. BRONZE DOOR.— This is the main door leading into the Rotunda from the grand eastern portico. It is the most magnificent work of the kind in the world. Including casing, it is 19 feet high, by 9 feet in width, and weighs 200,000 pounds, and cost |28,000. It is ornamented with a sym- bolical history of Columbus and his discoveries, in high relief. The four figures contained in the facing represent Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. The name of Randolph Rodgers, the American artist, and the date of the design, 1858, are on one side, and that of F. von Muller, of Munich, who executed it in bronze in 1861, is on the other side. The door is divided into eight panels ; the lower one on the left represents Columbus unfolding his plans of discovery before the Council of Salamanca, which rejected them ; the next panel above it represents Columbus's departure from the Convent of La Rabida, near Palos, which received him and his little son Diego when in great poverty, and the prior of which, Juan Perez, intro- duced him to the notice of Queen Isabella ; the third panel represents the audience he received at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella; the fourth represents Columbus sailing on his first voyage from Palos; the fifth repre- sents the first encounter with the natives of the West Indies ; the sixth, his triumphal return and entry into Barcelona; the seventh panel shows us Columbus as a prisoner in chains, by order of Don Francisco de Bobadilla, who was sent to the West Indies by the Court to investigate charges against Columbus ; the eighth and last panel at the bottom of the door on the right represents Columbus on his death-bed. The door is also ornamented with statues of contemporary sovereigns, discoverers, an^l warriors, whose names are associated with the discoverv of America. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 23 The transom panel over the door represents the first landing in state, on the island of San Salvador. The door is also ornamented by the heads of distinguished historians, European and American, Avho have written upon the discovery and explor- ation of this Continent, with various other emblematic devices. Passing through this door the visitor will emerge upon THE MAIN PORTICO, which is 160 feet in length. On the tmypa- num of the pediment is a group, by Persico, repi'esenting the Genius of America. The principal figure is America crowned with a star, and holding in her hand a shield with United States of America emblazoned on it, while behind her rests a spear, and at her feet an eagle. Her head inclines towards the figure of Hope, and her finger points to Justice. The figures are seven and a half feet in height, but cannot be well seen from their raised position, without the aid of a field or opera glass. On the southern abutment of this Portico is a semi-colossal group, also by Persico, representing the discovery of America. Columbus is holding aloft a globe, while an Indian girl crouches terrified at his side, gazing at him in amazement. The artist is said to have copied to a rivet the armor in which the figure is encased, from a suit at Genoa, which Columbus actually wore. This group cost $24,000 and five years' labor. COLUMBUS. CIVILIZATION. GREENOUGHS WASHINGTON. The corresponding northern abutment is occupied by a group, by Green- ough, representing Civilization, or the first settlement of America. On the left a mother holds in terror her child, Avhile the father arrests the murder- ous arm of the savage, as it is raised to give the deadly blow. The dog looks on the conflict with eager interest. This group is greatly admired, and consumed twelve years in executing, and cost $24,000. In the niche on the north side of the great Bronze Door opening into the Rotunda, is a statue of Peace, a copy from the antique by Persico. Peace is a maiden who extends the olive-branch to war on the opposite side. Her garb is simple, and her expression one of womanly sweetness. War, the opposite niche, also from the antique, bears the determined, powerful look fitting such a subject, and is in appropriate contrast with his 24 stranger's guide sweet sister Peace. These pieces are finely finished, cost |12,000 each, and were five years in execution. Over the Bronze Door is a basso relievo, representing Fame and Peace placing a laurel wreath on the brow of Washington. Directly in front of this Portico is the colossal statue of Washington, by Greenough, about which there is such a diversity of opinion. It cost for work, freight, etc., $44,000. Edward Everett regarded it as one of the greatest works of sculpture in ancient or modern times. Flanking it upon either side are massive park lamps, their pedestals of highly polished and ornamented stone, and lantern above of bronze : also superb vases or caskets, the Aberdeenshire granite base being surmounted by beautiful bronze bowls, which, when completed, will be crowned with foun- tains, whose waters at night will be illuminated by lamps from within. Statue of Greene. — From this point, passing to the northeast corner of the park, a walk or drive of a half mile along Maryland Avenue, will bring the visitor to Stanton Place, the intersection of Maryland and Massachusetts Avenues. Hei'e in a beautiful little park he will find the equestrian statue of Major-General Nathaniel Greene, of Revolutionary fame. It is an ad- mirably well-executed work of art, by H. K. Browne, and well worthy a visit. Fronting the park on the south side is one of the City Public School Buildings. PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL.— This Hospital is owned and cared for by the Sisters of Charity. It is open daily from 10 to 12 A. M., and from 2 to 4 p. M. It can be found by leaving the east gate of the east park of the Capitol, and going east along Pennsylvania Avenue to Second Street. It is on the corner of Second and D Streets, S. E., two squares south of Penn- sylvania Avenue. It was incorporated in 1864. Through the influence of Thaddeus Stevens, the "Great Commoner," of Pennsylvania, Congress appropriated $30,000 towards the building. Any one applying is taken in. There are excellent accommodations for patients who pay. UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY OFFICE.— South of the Capitol, and within a few minutes' walk of it, pleasantly located on New Jersey Avenue, in a handsome and commodious brick building, can be found the United States Coast Survey office. Besides carrying on the work of its own proper sphere — the survey of the coasts of the United States — this office is also, under the laws, the custodian of the standard weights and measures of the country. The rooms containing them, as well as curious instruments for testing the same, will be found well worth a visit. Application to do so must be made to the officer in charge. NAVY YARD. — Beturning to Pennsylvania Avenue, the visitor may enter the horse cars for the Navy Yard, which is situated at the terminus of the line. It is open from 7 A. m. until sundown. Two ship-houses, a copper-rolling mill, a naval storehouse, founderies, and shops for the manu- facture of almost everything necessary for fitting out a vessel, are to be found here. In one of the buildings can be seen the propagation of fish. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 26 In the ordnance foundries and shops, the manufacture of guns, shot, and shell, is usually going on. In the museum is a curious collection of mu- nitions of warfare; among them, on the first floor, is a Spanish gun, cast in 1490, brought by Cortez to America, and used in the conquest of Peru ; also, a small mortar, captured from Cornwallis, and many historical relics of the late war are stored here. Other interesting things of a similar nature are to be found scattered through the yard ; among them an old Spanish gun acquired with the pur- chase of Florida, and a companion piece captured in the war with Mexico. The Monitors, Torpedo Boats, and other men of war if any are in port, may be boarded and examined; indeed, the visitor is free to wander around and inspect things at his leisure, but he should be careful to pay due atten- tion and respect to any posted regulations The new buildings just erected on either side of the gateway, are used as quarters for the officers and men of the marine corps stationed at this point. THE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE (St. Elizabeth) lies east of the city, and can be seen from the Navy Yard on the opposite side of the river; it may be included in the first day's sight-seeing by an industrious visitor. It is only open on Wednesday, from 2 to 6 P. M. Leaving tlie Navy Yard and taking a street car of the Anacostia & Potomac River P.P., which passes close to the gates, a ride over the bridge and through Uniontown to the terminus of the road, and then a walk of about a fourth of a mile, will take one to the Asylum, situated upon a summit of a commanding eminence. INSANE ASYLUM. The grounds comprise over 400 acres, which are cultivated for the use of the institution, many of the patients aiding in tha labor. A wall of 9 feet incloses nearly 200 acres, in which the edifice, 750 feet in length, is sur- rounded by trees, shrubs, flowers, and grass-plots. The eminence on which it is located is one of the highest in the vicinity, and affords the most superb view of the city to be obtained. THE MARINE BARRACKS are two squares north of the Navy Yard, on Eightli Street, between G and I vStreets. In the armory are some interesting flags. The best time for a visit here is on Monday, at 10 A. m., when the band plays and general inspection of the corps takes place. There is a guard mount every day at 8 A. m. in summer, and 9 A. m. in winter. CHRIST CHURCH, the most venerable church edifice in the city, is on G Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, a square and a half from 26 STRANGER S GUIDE the Marine Barracks. It was erected in 1800, and for many years was the only place of Episcopal worship in the city. It was attended by Jefferson and Madison. Services are still held here regularly. THE NAVAL HOSPITAL is between Ninth and Tenth Streets, and E Street and Pennsylvania Avenne, two squares from the Marine Barracks. It is open upon each afternoon. It is for the officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps. THE CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY is beautifully situated on th« banks of the Anacostia, or Eastern Brancli, about a mile above the Navy Yard. It is easily accessible from the Naval Hospital by following E Street east to the gates, which is a walk of about three-quarters of a mile. It will amply repay the visitor to take the walk. It is not, as its name would indicate, and is generally supposed, the prop- erty of the Government, but is the property of Christ Church, above referred to. It comprises about 30 acres, and was laid out in 1807. A number of sites are reserved for the inter- ment of members of Congress, in return for donations by Govern- ment ; and, though few are buried here, there are 147 plain cenotaphs erected in memory of those mem- bers of Congress who have died during the term for which they were elected. There are some monuments of interest here; among these is one erected to George Clinton, in the northeast portion ; near by is one to mark the spot where lies Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, erected by Congress; one to a Choctaw chief; one to William Wirt is further on. Near the fountain, on the left of the carriage drive, is the grave of General McComb, the predecessor of General Scott as Commander-in-chief of the Army. Near by lie the remains of General Jacob Brown. In the same portion of the grounds is the grave of A. P. Upshur, Secretary of State under Tyler. Gen- eral Gibson, General Archibald Henderson, and Commodore Isaac Chaun- cey, are also buried here. The Wainwright Vault is in the Southern por- tion of the grounds, also the tomb of A. D Bache. Not far off is the monu- ment erected to the young ladies who were killed by the explosion in the Arsenal. The bodies of General Taylor and Mr. Calhoun reposed for a few days in the plain old vault, near the centre of the grounds. North of the lodge are the oldest graves — those of the Mather family — 1804. There is a public vault erected by Congress, near the centre of the grounds. The Washington Asylum is east of the cemetery. It is a workhouse as well as an asylum for the indigent. North is the new jail. CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERy. % TO WASHINGTON CITY. 27 Massachusetts Avenue leads directly from the Asylum to Linooln Park, in a northwesterly direction, at a distance of over half a mile from the Asylum, and one mile from the Capitol, at the intersection of Massachusetts, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee Avenues, and East Capitol, Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Streets. The Park is beautifully laid out and planted with trees and shrubs. A statue of the lamented President for whom the park was named, the offering of the Freed men of the country, is erected at the western end. The pedestal is of Virginia granite. The eastern terminus of the Metropolitan Street Eailway is close to this park, and by its cars (and those of connecting lines) which run through the city and into Georgetown, the visitor may return to almost any point from which he set out, or if he desires to see the beautiful cemetery, Mount Olivet (Roman Catholic), and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, a walk of three- fourths of a mile will lead out Tennessee Avenue to Fifteenth Street, east, and thence to the terminus of H Street, and of the Columbia Street Railway, and thence a short distance on the turnpike to Mount Olivet. It consists of 70 acres, and was incorporated in 1862. Among the graves of interest are those of Mrs. Surratt, executed for being a party to the assassination of Lincoln, and of Wurtz, keeper of the Andersonville prison pens, executed in Washington, in 1865. THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB may be found by returning to the terminus of H Street, and fol- lowing the boundary one-half mile northwest to " Kendall Green." It was incorporated in 1857, and has been sustained by the Government, for deaf mutes of the District, and of the army and navy. It has a collegiate de- partment open to both sexes. The Columbia Street cars run along H Street one-half mile south of the Institution, and will carry the visitor to the Government Printing Office, corner of H and North Capitol Streets. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.— Visitors may enter this office at any time between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., by stating to the watchmen their purpose. The building is 300 feet long on H Street, 173 feet on North Capitol Street, and is 50 feet deep and four stories high. The printing and binding authorized by Congress, and the Executive and Judicial Depart- ments, are done in this building. It is the largest establishment of its kind in the world. Entering a car going west, at the Printing Office, the visitor will be re- turned to the centre of the city, and thus end the first day. 28 STRANGER S GUIDE SECOND DAY. ALL BETWEEN EIEST AND FIFTEENTH STEEETS, AND THE EIYEE AND SOLDIEES' HOME. The visitor can most conveniently commence the second day's sight- seeing at the Botanical Gardens, which he may easily reach by the Penn- sylvania Avenue street cars. THE GOVERNMENT BOTANICAL GARDEN is situated imme- diately west of the Capitol Park, between First and Third Streets West and Pennsylvania and Maryland Avenues. The main entrance fronts the cen- tral gates of the west Capitol Park, and is open from 9 A. M. to 6 p. m. The grounds comprise 10 acres, and are adorned with trees and shrubs, and flowers of every clime. The Conservatory is constructed entirely of glass and iron, resting on walls of solid masonry, faced in beautiful white mar- ble. In the central building, a ciixular stairway of iron leads to an Observ- atory, which affords a fine view of the Capitol and the plants below. Permission to ascend can be obtained of the Superinten- dent. The entire building is 300 feet long, the diameter of the centre is about 61 feet, and the width of the wings 31 feet. In the central building, where the temperature is highest, is a fine collection of palms; among them, the date, fan, oil, panama hat, rattan, and sugar palms. Here also are the screw pine of Australia, Avith its funny cork- screw leaves, and roots in the air; the cinnamon tree, the banana, and the dumb cane of South America, which possesses the strange power of taking away speech if the sap of the root is tasted. BOTANICAL GARDENS. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 29 In the eayt wing and range the temperature is lower. It contains, among otlier interesting plants, the india-rubber, the passion flower, the bread tree, the cofiee plant, and a large varieiy of cactus. The temperature in the west wing is lower than in the centre, and here are many Chinese and Japanese plants. The camphor tree, from Japan ; the tea plant; the tallow tree, from China; the papyrus, or paper plant, of Egypt; the guava, the vanilla, St. John's bread tree, and many other famous and curious plants are to be seen here. South of the main conservatory are ten smaller conservatories : one is de- voted to camellia japonica and one to orchids, or air plants, and others to propagation of plants of various kinds. The nucleus of the collection was formed by those brought home by Commodore Wilkes. The entire establishment is under the skilled care of Mr. Wm. E. Smith, whose faithful and intelligent efforts are making the gardens so beautiful and successful. The object is education of the people and the dissemination of plants among them. Each Member of Congress receives a share of plants and seed. THE ARSENAL. — Leaving the gardens by the west gate, the visitor may walk from Third to Four-and-a-half Street, along the drive which extends from the White House to the west entrance to the Botanical Gardens, and, at Four-and-a-half Street, take the street cars going south to the Arsenal. These buildings and grounds are located upon a point which is the most southern portion of the city, at the foot of Four-and-a-half Street, and is sur- rounded on three sides by the Potomac. The grounds are open to visitors from sunrise to sunset. The old Penitentiary building, made famous by the assassination trials, formerly stood here; beneath one of the cells of which the body of the assassin Booth was for a time buried. The other conspirators were also buried here, but all have been removed and reinterred elsewhere. The large building at the end of the main drive is the residence of the Chief of Ord- nance. In the store- houses are stored vast quantities of ammunition and arms. There are also a number of woikshops. Twenty-one girls were killed here in 1864, by an explosion in one of the laboratories. The visitor will return by the same route which conveyed hjm to the Arsenal grounds, and leaving the car at Seventh Street, will see the Centre Market House, which is claimed to be the largest market building in the country and it is thought in the world. It is directly south of Pennsylvania Avenue, between Seventh and Ninth Streets. A few steps south of this point the visitor can enter the Park, which, be- ginning Avith that of the Capitol, under various titles, stretches westward to the river, including within its limits in the following order: the Botanical Garden, the building known as the armory, now used by the Smithsonian Institution as a storehouse, the Smithsonian Institution and National Mu- seum, the Department of Agriculture, the National Washington Monument with the carp ponds at its base, together with the Bureau of Engraving and Printing which is abutting it upon the southwest corner. Then a short walk 30 STRANGER'S GUIDE through the shady paths and roadways to the southern side will bring him to the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION and the National Museum. They are open to the public every day in the year, except Sundays, from 9 a. m. to 4.30 p. M. James Smithson, a gentleman of education and a scientist, a natural son of Hugh, first Duke of Northumberland, England, died at Genoa, in 1828, and bequeathed his property to his nephew, on the condition that in the event of his nephew's decease without heirs, it should go to the United States, "to found, at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." His nephew, then in a hopeless state of consumption, died without heirs, and the property estimated at half a million of dollars, passed to the United States. Congress accepted the bequest on the 1st of July, 1836, and the fund was received by Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, who was authorized to collect it, and deposited in the Treasury, September 1, 1838, where it gathered interest until 1846, when, after a long discussion a law was passed establishing the Institution as it now is ; and on May 1, 1847, the corner- stone was laid. President Polk and his cabinet were present, and the orator was George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania. The building was completed m 1856, and cost $450,000. In 1865 a fire destroyed the upper portion of the main building, so far as it was not fire- proof. It was restored in a fire- proof condition, but many things could not be replaced, that were consumed ; among them record books, scientific corre- spondence, the famous Stanley gallery of Indian paintings, apparatus, and some of the per- sonal eflfects of Smithson. The object of the Institution is scien- tific research and publication. It is built of red sandstone, and was planned by Mr. Ren- wick, of New York. The style has been variously called Roman- esque, Norman, and Byzantine. It consists of a centre building 250 feet long, and 55 feet wide ; two connecting ranges and cloister 60 by 49 feet each ; and two wings, each 40 by 80 feet. The entire length is 450 feet. The north entrance passes under two towers, the higher one 145 feet high. Over the south entrance is a large square tower, massive but not high, being 37 feet square, and 91 feet in height. The main building is flanked at each angle by a tower, while the wings have smaller towers, making in all nine towers. The most pleasing beauty of the building is, that while it is regular and symmetrical, it has no two parts similar. It never wearies, and afifords all the variety and symmetry desired by the most critical. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 31 The grounds, comprising 52 acres, were designed and partly laid out by Downing, the celebrated landscape gardener, whose death precluded the consummation of his plans. In the northeast poriion is a vase erected by the American Pomological Society to liis memory. The National Museum, established by Act of Congress, in 1S42, first con- sisted of specimens brought home by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Originally domiciled in the Patent Office, in 1858 it was transferred to and placed in charge of the Smithsonian Institution. It was from this small beginning that it has grown to its present large proportions. The Museum occupies both ihe lower and u})per hall of the Central building, the west range and the west wing, A statue to the late Secretary of the Institution, Professor Joseph Henry, has lately been erected in the grounds at the nortlnvest angle of the building. The Smithsonian Institution is supported by the income from the fund, while the National Museum is supported by the United States. The relation which exists between the two, is, that the Institution is the Curator of the Museum. Prof. Spencer F. Baird, as Secretary of the Institution, is the head of the Museum. Upon leaving the In- stitution building, passing to the east, the visitor will come to the new building for the NATIONAL MUSEUM, — As interior of the Smithsonian institution. it is still in an incomplete condi- tion we will attempt no detailed description of it, but the following brief notice may prove of interest. It is an inmiense structure, covering nearly two-and-a-half acres of land, is built of brick, variegated courses, and considered to be perfectly fire-proof. It is mainly but one story in height, but at the four corners are pavilions rising to the height of three stories, and the four central entrances are flanked by towers. From the centre arises a dome which is 77 feet in height on the side walls, while to the top of the finial it is 108 feet. From the centre of the dome radiate four naves, each 65 feet in width and 117 feet in length to the outer walls of the building; these naves form a Greek Cross, over the centre of which the dome rises, and part of the spaces between the arms of the cross are fitted up with halls of 65 feet square and of the same height as the naves. On the ground floor there are 17 halls, divided only, the one from the other, by the supporting columns of the roof; while on the main floor, and two upper stories of the four corner pavilions, and the eight towers, there are 135 rooms, which are devoted to offices, working rooms, and the necessary modern conveniences. The new Museum has been erected under the supervision of a Building Commission of the Board of Regents, consisting of General Sherman, Hon. 32 STRANGER S GUIDE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Peter Parker and Prof. Baird. Associated with them as consulting en- gineer has been Gen. M. C. Meigs ; Mr. Daniel Leech, Secretary. The architects are Messrs. Cluss and Schulze, of Washington. The amount ap- propriated by Congress for the construction of the building was |250,000. It contains the art treasures presented to the United States, by many nations, at the ciose of the Centennial Exposition of 1876, and valued at 0,000; also the Washington Relics. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE.— Directly west of the Smith- sonian the visitor will find the beautifully arranged grounds of this depart- ment, extending from Twelfth to I'onrteenth Streets. The building was completed in 1868. It is 170 feet long, and 61 feet wide. It consists of a finished basement, three full stories, and a finished attic story. In the base- ment is a steam heating appara- tus, which heats and ventilates the building. The packing-rooms are located here also. The main entrance, on the north, leads to a vestibule deco- rated finely with fresco, and open- ing into the main hall, upon which are located the office of the Commissioner, the library, rooms for clerks, and the Chief Clerk's room, which is decorated with American wood-hangings. AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 33 THE MUSEUM OF AGRICULTURE is on tlie ss -ond floor. It shows the difl'erent agricuhural productions of the United ^States, and how they are affected by climate, soil, animals, birds, and insects. All will be explained by an attendant In the room west of the Museum is an entomological collection The Herbarium and Taxidermist s rooms are on the third floor. On this floor the seeds are assorted and put up for distribution. THE CONSERVATORY is west of the main building The principal structure is 320 feet long and 30 feet wide, with a wing 150 feet long, extending south. In the centre pavillion are palms, pine-apples, and other tropical plants. In the others is a collec- tion worth seeing. The south wing is the grapery, containing one hundred varieties. This Department, with its Museum and Conservatories, is open to the public through the business week, daily, from 8 A.M. to 4 p.m., except on Saturdays, when the hour for closing is 3 p.m. Passing out of the Agricul- tural grounds on the south side, a short walk westward along B Street, S. W., will bring the visitor to the INTEKIOR OK THE AGRICULTURAL DKPARTilEKT. CONSERVATORY, AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF ENGRAV- ING AND PRINTING, a solid fire-proof structure built of brick and stone, erected in 1879, on the corner of Four- teenth and B Streets, S. W. This is a Bureau of the Treas- ury Department, and for many years was domiciled in that great building, but the growth of both compelled its removal. The visitor, upon entering, will be taken in charge by a watchman, who will conduct him to the Reception room, he will then be required to register his name, residence and occupation, then he will be furnished with a pass, after which he will be placed in charge of an efficient guide who will conduct him over the building, pointing out and explaining to him the process of engraving and printing U. S. Bonds, Notes, National Bank Notes, and Internal -Eevenue Stamps, as well as other objects of interest. It is all very interesting and well worth seeing, and we think the visitor will be well re- paid for any trouble he may be put to. 34 stranger's guide THE PROPAGATING GARDEN.— This Government garden is situ- ated on the banks of the Potomac, southwest of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and comprises eight acres. A nursery connected with the garden supplies many of the trees and shrubs planted in the public parks. If the visitor is not inclined for a ramble to this place he can pass directly- over to WASHINGTON MONUMENT. THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT.— The design of the Wash- ington Monument, as prepared by Kobert Mills, contemplated a shaft of 600 feet in height. The marble obelisk, resting on a foundation of gneiss 16 feet 8 inches high, is 55 feet square at the base. This foundation is 80 feet square and extended 7 feet 7 inches below the surface. The wall of the obelisk is 15 feet thick at the base, and gradually tapers at the rate of j in. to the foot on the outside. The inside of the wall is perpendicular, and the inclosed space is 25 feet square for 150 feet, when the wall is enlarged to 31 feet 6 inches square, and this will be its size to the top. The wall of 15 feet will ascend until the gentle taper reduces it to 1 foot 6 inches in thick- ness at the top. The interior walls will be orna- mented by the insertion of the numerous specimen pieces sent from all parts of the world. Among these tributes to the memory of Washington, are some from Mount Vesuvius, China, Bremen, Swiss Republic, the Temple of Carthage, Greece, Japan, Tomb of Napoleon, and Tell Chapel. For many years the Monument had stood in an unfinished condition, not a Monument to the memory of Washington, but one to the indifference of the American people and to them a disgrace ; but in the summer of the Centennial Anniversary and Exposition, Congress passed an act, approved August 2d, 1876, creating a commission for the purpose of completing the Monument, and also making an appropriation of $200,000 to continue the work of construction ; under the provisions of the above act, the Society which had so bravely undertaken the erection of the gigantic structure, deeded their rights in the same to the United States, so that now it is the property of the nation. The Avork of construction has been resumed, the enlargement of the old foundation ( which had been pronounced defective by a Board of Engineers) was completed in May, 1880. A mass of concrete 13 feet 6 inches in thickness, was placed beneath the old foundations — 70 per centum of the earth on which the monument rested having been removed. The new foundation is 126 feet 6 inches square, or 2J times greater than the old. In the making of this mass of concrete, some 13,000 barrels of Portland Cement were used. In August, 1880, work was begun in building upon the top, and is being rapidly prosecuted. The exterior facing is of white marble, obtained near Baltimore, Md., and the backing of granite from Maine. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 35 The work is now being prosecuted under the direction of a joint commis- sion, consisting of the President of the United States, the Supervising Archi- tect of the Treasury, the Architect of the Capitol, the Chief of Engineers of the Army, the Vice-President of the Washington National Monument Society ; and Colonel Thomas Lincoln Casey, of the Engineer Corps, is the engineer in charge of the work. In addition to the $200,000 appropriated by the Act of August 20th, 1876, Congress at its last session appropriated the further sum of $150,000 for the present year. It is expected that four working seasons' time will be re- quired to complete the structure. The original plan is being followed, except that the height has been limited to 550 feet. The machines and appliances in use are of the most extensive and improved character. It has now reached 300 feet in height. A short distance to the northwest, and in full view from the base of the Monument, lie the CARP PONDS. — A walk of a few minutes will bring one to them, and although from the roadway they do not appear at all attractive, yet, upon investigation, the visitor will find them to be of decided interest. They were established by, and are under the care of, the United States Fish Com- mission, of which Professor Spencer F. Baird, the Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution, is the head. The Carp is a very valuable food fish, and was imported by the Fish Commission from Southern Europe only a few years ago. The object of the Commission is to distribute them from this point all over the land, and any person owning a pond and making appli- cation can secure the fish for stocking it. It is believed to be especially adapted to the waters of the South and Southwest. The ponds are ten in number, six small and four larger, and cover, together with one now being constructed, an area of about twenty-five acres. About 300,000 fish are raised yearly. The ponds are under the superintendence of Dr. P. Hessle, who, if approached, can give much information in regard to the subject. From here the visitor can pass out to Fourteenth Street, take a car north to Pennsylvania Avenue, then change to the Avenue line, and go west to Fifteenth Street and New York Avenue ; at that point, getting a transfer ticket, he can take a Fourteenth Street car, and go north to FRANKLIN SQUARE, which lies between Thirteenth and Fourteenth and I and K Streets, N. W. The Government purchased this square, in 1829, to gain possession of the spring in it, which furnishes, by underground pipes, the drinking water to the President's House. It is a cool, shady retreat in summer, and is beautifully ornamented with trees and shrubbery. Franklin School House is opposite on Thirteenth Street, and is said to be one of the finest buildings of the sort in the United States. Some fine resi- dences front upon this square. When at Franklin Square, the visitor may, if so inclined, take a car upon Fourteenth Street, on the west side of the square, and ride to within a short walk of Columbian University, beyond the terminus of the Fourteenth Street railway. THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM.— The history of this building is more romantic and thrilling than one would imagine from its plain and 36 stranger's guide unpretending appearance. It is located on Tenth Street west, between E and_ F Streets north, and is open daily from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. It is three stories high, 109 feet deep, and 71 feet front. It was originally a church, and was afterwards converted into a theatre, and used as such until April 14th, 1865, when it w^as the scene of the tragedy of the assassination of Pres- ident Lincoln. It was then at once closed by order of the Government. In April, 1866, it was purchased by Congress for $100,000, and having been remodelled, and made fireproof, was assigned to its present use. The first floor is used by a division of the Surgeon-General's OflSce. Tlie surgical records are on the second floor, and in the offices of the Surgeon- General on this floor, in the south wing, are portraits of some celebrated physician's, among them an original, by Peale, of Dr. Physick. The 3fuseum is on the third floor.' It contains the finest collection of vSurgical and Medical pathological specimens in the world, and is carried on in the interest of medical science, and is resorted to by surgeons and physi- cians from abroad as well as from this country. A portion of the vertebrae of the neck of the assassin Booth is in the Surgical Section. No medical man should neglect to visit this museum. The library of the Medical Mu- seum contains_ nearly forty thousand volumes. The house opposite, No. 516, is the house in which President Lincoln breathed his last. The Medical Department of Georgetown College adjoins the Museum, and through its corps of experienced professors and admirable facilities offers rare opportu- nities to the student of medicine. By returning to F street, and proceeding east one block, the visitor will reach the MASONIC TEMPLE.— It is located on the corner of Ninth and F streets, N. W. It was erected by the Masonic Hall Association. The cor- ner stone was laid in 1868. It is built of granite and freestone, and cost $200,000. The first floor is occupied by stores, and the second by a public hall 100 ft. long and 48 ft. wide, with retiring rooms. Some of the most brilliant balls and state sociables given in the city have been held in this hall. On the third floor are the Blue Lodges of Masonry, and on the fourth floor are the Eoyal Arch Chapters. Directly opposite the Masonic Temple is the PATENT OFFICE.— The Patent Office is situ- ated between Seventh and Ninth, and F and G Streets. The length of the building is 410 feet, and the width 275 feet. The style of architecture is Doric, and, although the finish is plain and simple, it is greatly admired for its majestic grandeur. The same plain finish and grandeur will be observed in the interior. It is built of sandstone painted white, and the extension is of white marble. It was designed simply for the Patent Office, but the Interior Department occupies a portion of the building. The lower stories are divided into de- partments suitable for the various offices of the Department of the Interior, such as the Indian and Public Land Offices. On the second floor are the MASONIC TEMPLE. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 37 PATENT OFFICE, Model rooms, which, up to September 24th, 1877, contained a model of every patent issued by the United States since 1836. As each case is provided with a card designating the contents, it is unnecessary to enumerate here. Near the entrance are some historical relics of interest ; such as Franklin's Printing Press, &c. In case 23 is a model patented by Abraham Lincoln in 1847, and a pair of gloves which belonged to President Lincoln. The east and west halls are each 271 feet long and 64 feet wide. The north and south halls are a little smaller, being about 145 feet in length. In 1836 the building which was used as a Patent Office was destroyed by fire, with all the models it had received for nearly fifty years. The first patent issued was to Samuel Hopkins, in 1790, for making' " pot ashes." Again, on September 24th, 1877, a great fire occurred, which, besides doing great damage to the building, al- most utterly destroyed the contents of the Model room in the south and west wings. The loss was almost incalculable, as many articles of great value were burned which it was impossible to replace. The building is now restored, and is entirely fireproof. The Bureau is self-supporting, the expenditures not equalling the receipts from fees. The cost of the building was about $2,700,000. It contains 191 rooms. It was designed by W. P. Elliott, and executed by Eobert Mills and Edward Clark. COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY was opened in 1822 as a college. In 1873 it was created a University. There are Law and Medical Departments INTERIOR OF PATENT OFFICE. 38 STRANGER S GUIDE connected with it. About 40 acres of ground are attached to the property, and the total value is $400,000. They have purchased a lot on the southeast corner of Fifteenth and H streets, N. W., where they have erected a large huilding, and will remove the College department from its present place on the hill to this new site. WAYLAND SEMINARY.— A short walk to the westward from the University buildings will bring the visitor to the Wayland Seminary, an Institution established by one of the societies of the Baptist Church, for the education of young men of color to the Christian ministry. Returning by the Fourteenth Street cars, the visitor will alight at the corner of Fourteenth and H Streets, and entering the Metropolitan or F Street cars, ride to Tenth Street, and proceed to the Medical Museum, on Tenth below E and F Streets. THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.— The first building erected for the accommodation of this department, and in which the business of the Patent Office was then transacted, was burned in 1836. The foundation of POST-OFFICE. the present edifice was laid in 1839. The E Street portion was designed and finished by Robert Mills, and is built of marble from New York. The extension was designed by T U. Walter, and built of Maryland marble. It was commenced in June, 1855. The style is a modified Corinthian. It covers the entire square bounded by Seventh and Eighth Streets, west, and E and F Streets, north, and is immediately opposite the Patent Office. The entire building measures^ 300 by 204 feet. The interior is divided into apartments suitable for the business of the department. To obtain admission to the Dead Letter Office, it is necessary to procure a permit from the Postmaster-General or the Chief Clerk of the Finance office. Visitors should inquire for the book of post-office accounts kept by Dr. Franklin, the first Postmaster-General of the Colonies. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 39 JUDICIARY SQUARE AND CITY HALL.— Leaving the Post- Office by the north i'ront on F Street, the visitor can ride or walk down F Street to Judiciary Square. The-square comprises about 20 acres, and ex- tends from the intersection of Indiana and Louisiana Avenues, on the south, to G Street on the north, and from Fourth to Fifth Streets. In the City Hall, which is built upon the south front, the several courts of the District hold their sessions. The present structure is over 200 feet in lengtli, and is but one wing of the building as de- signed by George Hadfield. It was begun in 1820, and completed in 1849. A statue in marble of Lincoln stands directly in front of the por- tico. It was erected by voluntary contributions of some patriotic citizens, and was executed by Lot Flannery, a self-taught sculptor. The statue is about 9 feet in height, and is erected upon a marble column 27 feet in height. Returning to Seventh Street, the visitor may enter a Seventh Street car going north, and ride to the terminus of the road ; and thence, by the Silver Springs horse-cars, to within a mile of the CriY HALL. ROCK CREEK CHURCH AND CEMETERY.— The cemetery lies near the Soldiers' Home on the north ; the church lies on the west, and is St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Rock Creek Parish. It was erected in 1719, with bricks imported from England, and although the church was rebuilt in 1775, and remodelled in 1868, the main walls are those erected in 1719. The Bible used is an Oxford edition of 1727. The oldest graves are east of the church. A fine monument is over the grave of Peter Force. THE NATIONAL MILITARY CEMETERY is east of Rock Creek Cemetery, and north of the Soldiers' Home, which it adjoins. It contains 5424 graves. SOLDIERS' HOME.— This attractive place adjoins the Military Ceme- tery, and is open every day except Sunday. It is one of the most attractive drives around the city, and is much resorted to in pleasant weather. The property comprises about 500 acres, and is beautifully laid out in drives, of which there are seven miles, and in lawns, meadows, gardens, and lakes. The buildings consist of the main building, used as a dormitory, the hos- pitalj residences of the governor, surgeon, and oflScers of the Home, a gar- dener's cottage, and a beautiful chapel built of Seneca stone. There is a new hospital some distance off, and near it are the buildings used by the farmer. The home was originally only a Military Asylum, and was founded through the efibrts of General Scott, who procured the assignment to this purpose of a 40 STRANGER S GUIDE portion of the money levied by him upon the city of Mexico, when he took possession of it. Tlie fund is' increased by the forfeitures and fines NATIONAL ClCMErERV AT SOLDIERS' HOME. SOLDIERS' HOME. against soldiers, and by a tax of 12 cents per month on each private soldier in the regular army. The Home was the favorite summer residence of President Lincoln. HOWARD UNIVERSITY is open daily to visitors. It is on the left of the Seventh Street road, on the return to the city from the Soldiers' Home. It is open to all, without regard to sex or color, but is at- tended by colored pupils only. The University building is four stories high, and is quite complete. Miner Hall, on the northeast, is named after Miss Miner, a lady who taught colored children in the days when slavery still ex- isted. The property is valued at about $600,000. La Drout Park is just south of this. HOWARD UNIVERSITY. 'r^^^ ^-g-^Q^, ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ city by the Seventh Street horse-cars, and thus end the second day. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 41 THIRD DAY. ALL WESr OF PIFTEENTH STEEET. INCLUDING GEOEGE- TQWN AND AELINGTON. The visitor can most conveniently commence the third day at the Trea- sury Department, on the northwestern corner of Fifteenth Street and Penn- sylvania Avenue, which may be reached by the Pennsylvania Avenue cars. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. — This department maybe reached by the street cars, on Pennsylvania Avenue, or by the Fourteenth Street or the Columbia Street cars. It is open to visitors from 9 a. m. to 2 p. m. It is on Fifteenth Street, east of the President's House. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. The portion fronting on Fifteenth Street is the old building, which was commenced in 1836, upon the site of the old Treasury building, which was burned in 1833. The foundation of the extension was laid in September, 1855, and is a great improvement upon the old structure. It was designed by Walter, begun by Young, and then was continued by Rogers, and finally completed by A. B. Mullett, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Depart- ment. The east front consists of a colonnade 336 feet long, with thirty Ionic columns. The extension flanks the old building at each end with massive granite masonry, and makes beautiful terminations of the north and south 42 STRANGERS GUIDE fronts, which break the monotony of the long colonnaded portion of the old building. The walls of the extension are composed of pilasters, resting on a base, which rises twelve feet above the ground on the northern side. In the centre of the southern, western, and northern fronts are magnificent por- ticos, and on either side of the platforms and steps of these porticos are courts or parterres, which, in summer, are lovely masses of flowers and shrubs. The whole building is of the Grecian Ionic order, three stories high, with two basements and an attic, and the building is surmounted by a massive granite balustrade. The granite was all brought from Dix Island, on the coast of Maine. The columns are monolithic, 31 feet high, and 4 feet in diameter. The entire building is 466 feet long — exclusive of the porticos — and 266 feet wide. In the courts are fountains, and directly opposite the western portico, at the entrance to President's Park, is a fountain, the basin of which is built of massive granite. Before the north entrance is a tessel- lated platform, the centre of which is occupied by a fountain, consisting of a boldly designed tazza of granite, from which the water falls into a broad basin, escaping finally, through four lions' heads, into as many smaller basins surrounding the larger one. The objects of special interest are the Oash- Room and the Vaults. THE CASH ROOM is directly opposite the north entrance, but the best view is to be obtained from the interior balcony, which may be reached by ascending either stairway in the east and west angles of the north side. The walls of this room are of the most beautiful marble. It is two stories high, divided on the level of the second story floor by the balcony upon which the visitor stands. The floor is tessellated in white and red marbles. The marbles are as follows: In the lower story, stylobate; base, black marble from Vermont ; mouldings, Bar- diglio from Italy; stiles, Dove, from Vermont: panels, Sienna, from Italy ; dies, Tennessee. Above, stylobate, pilasters, white- veined ; stiles. Sienna, from Italy ; panels, Bardiglio ; cornice, white-veined Italian. Upper story, same as lower, except the panels above stylobate, which are Sarrangolum, from the Pyrenees. The vaults in which the gold is kept may be seen upon a written permit from the Treasurer, whose ofiice is in the northeast corner of the first floor. The Secret Service Bureau may be visited by any one who is introduced by a known party. It contains the plates and dies used by counterfeiters, and has also a rogues' gallery. A complete Ku Klux suit is also in this oflfice, which was taken off a man wlio was captured by detectives. In the basement may be seen the money as it is cut in half in the Eedemp- CASH ROOM, TREASURY DKPARTMENT. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 43 tion Bureau, previous to being burned. A messenger will be sent with visit- ors, by the Treasurer, who will conduct them to all places of interest which the public are permitted to visit. Bureau of Engraving and Printing (see Second Day). THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE is immediately opposite the Treasury, on Pennsylvania Avenue, between Fifteenth and Fifteen-and-a half Streets. The Attorney - GeneraV s Office is near the top of the stairs. There are a number of portraits of different Attorney's-General in this room. THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE.— The Executive Mansion, or White House, is on Pennsylvania Avenue, west of the Treasury Department, the WHITE HOUSE— NORTH FRONT. grounds of the two buildings being divided by Executive Avenue. The grounds comprise about eighty acres, and are nearly midway between the Capitol and Georgetown, being one n)ile and a half from the former. Two large gateways constitute the entrances on the north, connected by a drive and a foot-walk, which sweep in a semicircle past the White House. The grounds are laid out in walks, mounds, trees, fountains, and drives. South of the house the grounds are divided by an inclosure of the private grounds. Directly in front of the south portico is a stand, from which the Marine Band discourses music for open-air concerts, every Saturday afternoon, which are free to the public. The President's House, just before President Arthur occupied it, was renovated and many modern improvements introduced. The house has a rustic b^se, which on the south side is entirely above ground, and gives a facade of three stories. The main building is 170 feet long, by 86 feet deep. It is of sandstone, painted white. On the west are the conservatories. The main door on the north opens into a spacious ves- tibule 40 by 50 feet. A door on the left opens into a passage at the foot of the stairway leading to the anteroom. Across the passage is the East Koom, which is used for public receptions. It is SO by 40 feet, and 22 feet high. It is richly, though not extravagantly, furnished and finished. It is open to 44 STRANGER S GUIDE WHITE IIOUSI-:— EAST ROOM. WHITK HOrSE — SOUTH VIEW. the public from 10 A, m. to 3 p. m. The rest of the rooms are private. On the west is a door opening into the Green Room, which opens on the west into the Bhie Room, 40 bv 30 feet. It is finished in bhie and gold, and is used as a recep- tion room by the President and his wife. From this room opens the Red Room, which is the fam- ily parlor, and which opens into the State Dining Room, 40 by 30 feet. The executive office is on the second floor, also the library and the seven sleeping apartments. LAFAYETTE SQUARE.— Opposite the north 'of the President's House is the public square of the above name. It contains about 7 acres, beautifully laid out in gravelled walks, and adorned with trees, shrubbery and flowers. The equestrian statue of General Andrew Jackson is in this square. It is the work of Clark Mills, and is cast from the brass guns and mortars captured by Jackson. The statue is one-third larger than life, weighs 15 tons, and cost about |50,000. The horse is poised upon his hind feet, and is not secured in position by bars or rivets. It is probably the only instance of the kind in the world. The artist has simply copied nature, after finding the position a horse naturally takes in rearing. This monument to the hero of New Orleans was erected on the 8th of January, 1853, the anniversary of the battle in which General Jackson routed the Stephen A. Douglas delivered the oration. STATUE OF JACKSON. British forces. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 45 CORCORAN ART GALLERY. the library; and the CORCORAN ART GALLERY.— This building is ou Pennsylvania Avenue, one square west of Lafayette Square. It is a donation from Mr, W. W. Corcoran, of this city. It is 104 by 124 feet, and is constructed of brick with trim- mings of Belleville freestone. The roof is slated Mansard, and the general style of the entire building is elegant yet chaste. The cost was |350,000 for the building alone. The entrance is on Pennsylvania Avenue, and leads to a vestibule, from which ascend the broad stairs of freestone to the floor above. On the first floor are the janitor's rooms ; two rooms which are intended to be used as a school of design; the trustees' room sculpture hall. The picture galleries are on the second floor, and are all lighted by sky- lights, which are so arranged that the light can be regulated as desired. There are three small galleries fronting on Pennsylvania Avenue ; the centre one is an octagon. In the rear of these, along the centre of the building, are two galleries, 19 by 44 feet. The grand picture gallery is at the back of the building, and is 45 feet wide by 96 feet long. The galleries are all connected with each other by lofty doors. The ceilings and cornices are richly orna- mented with representations of American foliage. The building was begun in 1859, but from 1861 to 1869 it was occupied by the Quartermaster-Gen- eral of the United States. In 1869 Mr. Corcoran formally conveyed it to a board of trustees. In the octagon room, which was specially fitted up for this work of art, is Powers' s Greek Slave; also, some busts of celebrated men, and the Veiled Nun, which is rather curious as a work of art. A numbered catalogue may be procured of the janitor at the door, which will designate each picture. Mr. Corcoran donated his own private collection, which cost upwards of $100,000. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, admission 25 cents. Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, admission free. Mr. Corcoran is a wealthy retired banker, who was born in Georgetown in 1798. He is still living and in excellent health. Opposite the Art Gallery there is now being erected the magnificent structure known under the name of the NEW STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUILD ING. — The southern and eastern wings are already finished, the former being occupied by the Department of State. The east wing is occupied by the Navy Department, and the north wing by the War Department. It was designed by A. B. Mullett, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, and was commenced in 1871. It measures 253 by 471 feet, and, including pavilions and steps, 342 by 576 feet. The greatest height is 128 feet. The original Declaration of Independence has been transferred to thi? department. 46 steanger's guide NEW STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS. WINDER'S BUILDING, corner of F and Seventeenth Streets, opposite the Navy Department ; open from 9 A, m. to 2 p. m. The first floor is occu- pied by the Chief Engineer of the Army. The last room on the corridor leading to the right is the Battle Record Room. The floor above is occupied by the Judge Advocate General of the Army, and the Ordnance Office. On the third floor is the Second Auditor's office. Passing through the Ordnance Office, the Ordnance Museum may be reached. The objects of interest are captured Confederate flags, United States Army uniforms complete, Jeff" Davis's rifle, shells picked up on battle-fields, accoutrements used in the army from the earliest dates, guns of every kind, batteries, projectiles, etc. THE RAWLINS STATUE.— A walk of a square from the State De- partment westward, along New York Avenue, will bring one to the statue of the late Brigadier-General John A. Kawlins, for a time Secretary of War, situated in a beautiful little park bearing the same name. The statue is in bronze, cast from guns captured in battles in which the deceased general took part; Congress donating the same upon condition that when finished the title should vest in the United States. The principal cost of the work was borne by the friends of the General, prominent among whom was Ex-President Grant. It is generally regarded as a correct likeness and fine work of art. Height, 8 feet; pedestal of Richmond granite, in height 12 feet; designed by J. Baily ; cast in Philadelphia by Wood & Co. SIGNAL OFFICE.— Open from 9 a. m. to 3 p. m. This office is under the charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, familiarly known as "Old Probabilities," and occupies two adjoining buildings on G Street, west of the War Department. It is plainly designated by the various anemome- ters, vanes, and wires above the building. The chief interest is in the Instrument Room, on the fourth floor. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 47 NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. THE UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY.— This is one of the leading observatories in the world, though only founded in 1842. It is at the foot of Twenty- fourth Street, and may be reached by a short walk after leaving the Penn- sylvania Avenue cars at Twenty- third Street or the Circle. It is open from 9 A. m. to 3 p. m., though sometimes night visits are permitted when the work is not pressing. The grounds are about 20 acres in extent, and. are quite beautiful. On the bank of the Potomac is Braddock's Rock, so called from the fact that in 1755 Braddock's troops landed here. The main building is 50 feet square, consisting of a basement, two stories, crowned by a revolving dome, 7 feet above the roof, and 23 feet in diameter. The two wings are 26 by 21 feet, and 18 feet high. East of this east wing is the residence of the Superintendent. The library, embracing nearly six thousand vol- umes, is situated in the main building. They are mostly works of the highest standard value, astro- nomical and meteorological observations and dis- cussions, some being as old as the year 1442. In the dome of the main building is mounted the equa- torial telescope, purchased in 1845, at a cost of $6000, made in Munich. It has an aperture of 9.62 inches, and a focal length of 14 feet 4.5 inches. In the eastern wing is the chronometer room, where all the chronometers used in the navy are ' tested and regulated. It is from this room that the exact time is furnished daily at 12 m. to the departments in the city, also to the Western Union Telegraph Office for dispatch throughout the country. The new dome, in which is mounted the new great equatorial instrument, is located in the rear of the main building. This dome is 41 feet in diameter, 40 feet in height; the telescope, of steel, made in three sections, is 32 feet in height, and weighs, with its metallic base, about six tons. The object glass has a clear aperture of 26 inches diameter, only one other making a near approach to it, that of Mr. R. S. Newhall, of England, whose telescope has an objective of 25 inches. This magnificent instrument was made and successfully mounted in 1873, by Alvin Clark and Sons, of Cambridgeport, Mass., Congress having appro- priated 150,000 for the telescope, and |14,000 for the erection of the tower and dome. Returning to Pennsylvania Avenue at the Washington Circle, the visitor may view Clark Mill's equestrian statue of Washington. In 1853 Con- STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 48 STRANGER S GUIDE gress appropriated $50,000 for this statue. It was cast out of guns donated by Congress, and is fifteen feet high. It represents Washington at the crisis of the Battle of Prince- ton, when he rallied his troops in the face of the enemy. The horse is shrinking back from the fire of the enemy, but Washington sits calmly erect and surveys the fear- ful scene. The likeness is consid- ered very faithful, being from a bust by Houdon, taken in Wash- ington's lifetime. GEORGETOWN.— Entering the cars going west at the Wash- ington Circle, it is but a short ride to Georgetown. The visitor may ride to the end of the route, and, turning toward the river, a short walk will bring him to the Aqueduct Bridge, where the Alexandria Canal crosses the Potomac. This bridge is 36 feet above high- water mark, and is about 1400 feet long. Crossing this bridge, a walk or a drive of a mile brings the visitor to AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, GEORGETOWN. ARLINGTON HOUSE.— Situated on Arlington Heights. It was the home of George Washington Parke Custis, General Washington's adopted ____,^^___^ __ ^^~^. son, and in later years it was the residence of General Robert E. Lee, who married a daughter of Mr. Custis, and who abandoned his home when he joined in the rebellion. The estate was sold under the Confiscation Act in 1863, and was taken possession of in 1864 by the Government, and 200 acres set apart as a National Cemetery. The house consists of a centre building, 60 feet long, and two wings, each 40 feet long. A portico 60 feet long and 25 feet wide extends along the centre building. In the rear of the house are the kitchens, slave quarters, stables, etc. The house is situated upon an eminence about 200 feet above the river, from which a lovely view is to be obtained of the Capitol. Congress has appro- priated 1150,000 to purchase this property from the Lee family. THE CEMETERY was formally established in 1867, and now the bodies of about 16,000 soldiers repose in this lovely home for the dead. The white soldiers lie in the west cemetery, and the colored troops in the north grounds. In the eastern portion of the west cemetery are the graves of Mr. and Mrs. Custis. Upon the monument erected to them are their names and dates of death, Mr. Custis having died in 1854 and Mrs. Custis in 1853. ARLINGTON HOUSE. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 49 NATIONAL CEMETERY AT ARLINGTON. MONUMENT TO UNKNOWN SOLDIERS. South of the house is a granite sarcophagus, placed over the bones of 2111 unknown soldiers, gathered from the battle-fields of Bull Run, and the route to the Rappahannock, after the war. The monument is surmounted by cannon and balls, and bears the following inscription : BENEATH THIS STONE Repose the bones of two thousand one hundred and eleven Unknown soldiers gathered after the war From the fields of Bull Run and the route to the Rappahannock. Their remains could not be identified, but their names And deaths are recorded in the archives of the Country, and its grateful citizens Honor them as of their noble army of martyrs. May they Rest in peace. September, A. D. 1866. The vault beneath, in which the remains are placed, is 30 feet deep and 220 feet in diameter. GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY.— Returning to Georgetown, the visitor can proceed to Georgetown University, west of the city a short distance. It is the oldest Roman Catholic college in the country, having been founded in 1789. It is under the care of the Jesuits. Boys of all ages are received. It has a law and a medical department connected with it, and has an astro- nomical observatory. In the library are many rare and curious books, some dated m the fifteenth century, and some manuscripts even older than the printed books. There are a laboratory, and a museum containing a collec- tion of coins and relics of Commodore Decatur. The College may be visited every day excepting Sunday. , In the year 1879 the large and elegant stone building, surmounted by a lofty spire, on the north side of the quadrangle, was erected at the cost of $200,000. It contains the library, hall of instruction, and many other apart- ments. 60 STRANGER S GUIDE THE CONVENT OP THE VISITATION is on Fayette Street, a short distance from the College. It was founded in 1799. It is' not open to visitors, but the academy connected with it may be visited on Wednesday or Saturday after 12 m. In a vault at the Convent are the remains of the daughter of General Winfield Scott, and of the daughter of Madame Yturbide. Ascending Market Street a short distance, at the head of the street is the GEORGETOWN HIGH SERVICE RESERVOIR, 120 feet in diameter, ar.d capable of holding 1,000,000 gallons. Continuing east, a short walk along Road Street leads to OAK HILL CEMETERY, part of a tract of land called after the famous "Rock of Dumbarton," in Scotland, was incorporated in 1849. It comprises about 25 acres, 12J acres of which, together with about the sum of $90,000 (expended for improvements), was the gift of W. W. Corcoran. It is open every day, is beautifully situated at the head of Thirtieth Street, contains a handsome mortuary chapel over which climbs genuine "Melrose Abbey" ivy. In the northwest section is the Corcoran tomb, erected by Mr. Corcoran for family use, while the "Van Ness" mausoleum, in the south- east quarter (which tomb formerly stood on H between Ninth and Tenth Streets), was erected by John P. Van Ness, the son-in-law of David Burnes, one of the original proprietors of the ground furnishing the site of the City of Washington. Among the distinguished dead buried within the grounds are Ex- Chief Justice Chase, Ex-Secretary Stanton, Prof. Joseph Henry, Gen. Eaton (of Gen. Jackson's time), Admiral John Rogers, and others. The remains of John Howard Payne, author of " Home, Sweet Home," who died in Tunis, Africa, April 9th, 1852, rest in the mauso- leum near the chapel, having been placed there on the 9th of June, 1883, the occasion of his 91st birth- day, with appropriate ceremonies. The removal from Tunis and the reinterment here were made by Mr. Cor- coran. There have been 5300 interments within this cemetery. THE SCOTT STATUE may be seen in the square at the intersection of N and Sixteenth Streets and Massachusetts and Rhode Island Avenues, two squares distant from the street cars. This statue was ordered in 1867, by Congres?, and was placed in its present situation in the year 1874. The General is represented in full uniform, mounted upon a charger. Holding a pair of field-glasses resting against his side, he is calmly sur- veying the field. The pedestal is 14 feet high, and the statue 15 feet. The statue weighs 12,000 pounds, and cost $20,000. It was designed by H. K. Browne, and cast by Wood & Co., of Philadelphia, out of bronze cannon, captured by the General in Mexico. OAK HILL CEMETERY. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 51 It is much admired, and considered one of the very finest statues of the kind in the United States. The pedestal is in five blocks of Cape Ann granite, the largest ever quarried in this country, if not in the world, — that of the platform being 26 feet long, 13 feet wide, and 2 feet thick, and weighing over 119 tons. A statue of Farragut, designed by Mrs. Vinnie Ream Hoxie, has recently been erected on Farragut Square, between I and K above Seventeenth Street. The statue was cast at the Washington Navy Yard. THE LOUISE HOME is on Massachusetts Avenue, be- tween Fifteenth and Sixteenth Streets, less than a square from the Scott Statue. It is open to visitors every day except Sun- days after 12 noon. It was erected in 1871, by Mr. Corcoran, as a home for educated, refined women reduced to poverty, and is a monument to the memory of Mr. Corcoran's wife and daugh- ter, both deceased, and bears their name. It can accommodate fifty-five people, who are invited there of directors. It has an endowment of ^250,000, and cost in all THE LOUISE HOME. bv $2 the board 00,000. THE THOMAS STATUE. — Upon leaving the Home, a walk of a few minutes eastward along: the Avenue will bring the visitor to the Circle, at the intersection of Massachusetts and Vermont Avenues and Fourteenth Street, N. W. Here stands the statue of Major-General George H. Thomas, designed by J. Q. A. Ward, and erected in 1879 by the "Society of the Army of tlie Cumberland," to the memory of their illustrious leader. By universal consent this is regarded as the finest equestrian statue in this country. From this point the visitor can return to the heart of the city, or the hotels, by the aid of the street cars, which pass the spot. GREAT FALLS OF THE POTOMAC— If the visitor has the in- clination to drive to the Great Falls of the Potomac, distant about 15 miles from Georgetown, it will prove a delightful diversion The water which supplies Washington is carried by an aqueduct from the Great Falls to the Distributing Eeservoir. a distance of twelve miles. The Falls can be reached by a steam-packet up the canal from the foot of Con- gress Street, Georgetown. Leaves daily to 8 a. m. Fare, round trip, 50 cents. The scenery along the road is picturesque, but particularly so when near the Falls. The water makes a descent of 80 feet, in 1^- miles, in a series of cascades, the highest being about 40 feet. The visitor has now ended the third day, and has been guided to all objects of interest in the city and its vicinity. 52 STK anger's guide FOURTH DAY. DOWN THE EIVER TO MOUNT VERNON AND ALEXANDEIA. Edward Everett is quoted as having said : "A visit to the National Cap- ital is but lialf made unless it includes the home and tomb of Washington." Inferring that the visitor is desirous of making his visit a complete, rather than a half-made one, we will now conduct him to MOUNT VERNON, — the home and tomb of the immortal Washing- ton, — the Mecca of America. To reach Mount Vernon let the visitor take the Seventh Street cars of the Washington and Georgetown R. R., which will convey him to the river front at the foot of Seventh Street. If he will make known to the conductor his wishes and destination, he will be put off at the right wharf. Here he will find the beautiful little steamer W. W. Corcoran, which leaves her landing daily (Sundays excepted), at 10 A. M., for Mount Vernon, returning her passengers to the city about 3.30 p. m. The steamer was built expressly for the "Ladies' Mount Vernon Association of the Union," is fast, safe, and comfortable, and also handsomely furnished. The fare for the round trip is $1.00, which includes admission to the Mansion and grounds. It is the only boat allowed to land passengers at the Mount Vernon wharf. Having embarked and placed himself under the watchful care of Capt. L. L, Blake, a gentleman who looks well to the comfort and pleasure of his guests, the visitor is afloat on the noble Potomac, Soon after leaving the dock the shady grounds of the Arsenal (foot of Four- and-a-half Street), with its long rows of black cannon-balls, its frowning guns and sombre-looking building, is passed, and then across the Eastern Branch (Anacostia) is to be seen the Government Insane Asylum (St. Elizabeth), its massive towers rising high above the wooded heights. Sailing down the river at old, historic Alexandria, a short stop is made, another at Fort Foote (one of the earthworks erected during the Civil War), and still another at Fort Washington. Then crossing the river, and landing at Mount Vernon, the visitor is met by the courteous Superintendent, Col. J. McH. Hollings worth, who will conduct him up the road to the Mansion, passing on the way the vault con- taining the marble sarcophagus in which repose the remains of Washington. By it is another containing the ashes of Martha, the consort of Washington. Near are the monuments to others of Washington's family, and on the left of the path to the Mansion is the old vault in which the body of Washington was first placed. The house is of wood cut in imitation of stone. The centre was built by a brother of General Washington, and the wings were added afterward by the General. Along the lawn are the kitchen, laundry, smoke-house, butler's cottage, gardener's lodge, servants' hall, and other buildings. The garden is as laid out by Washington, and on the lawn are trees planted bv. him. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 53 In the hall is the key of the Bastile, presented to Washington by Lafayette. In the east parlor are relics of Washington. In the dining-hall are some portraits of Washington, and the painting by Rembrandt Peale, of Washing- MOUNT VERNON. TOMB OF WASHINGTON, ton before Yorktown. In the west parlor is an old picture of the attack on Carthagena, 1741, Admiral Vernon in command, with whom Lawrence, brother to the General, served. On the second floor, at the south end, is the room in which Washington died, December 14, 1799. It is a small room, and was the one used by the General and his wife. Opening from it are a dressing-room and a store-room. The bed is the one upon which Washington died. After his death, his widow closed the room and occupied a small room in the attic until her death. On this floor, also, is the room occupied by Lafayette. A fine view may be obtained from the cupola which surmounts the building. The house and grounds are the property of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, incorporated in 1856. Eeturning as far as Alexandria, the visitor may leave the steamer, and, after a visit to this ancient city, return by ferry-boat or steam-cars to Wash- ington, distant six miles. The boats and cars run every hour from 6 A. m. to 7 p. M. ALEXANDRIA was founded in 1748, and called Bellhaven. It has a population of over 13,000. At the corner of Washington and Commerce Streets is Christ's Church (Episcopal), begun in 1765 and completed in 1773. It is built of bricks im- ported from England. Washington was one of the vestry of this church, and his pew, No. 59, is still as he occupied it. Pew No. 49 was used by General Robert E. Lee, who came here to worship from Arlington. In the churchyard are some quaint old tombstones. A National cemetery is near the city, which contains the bodies of nearly 4000 soldiers. An old building in the court of the Mansion House, on Fairfax Street, is called Washington'' s Headquarters, as it is said he occupied it when in Alex- andria. CITY POST-OFFICE. — Is situated on Louisiana Avenue between Sixth and Seventh Streets, near the open space at the intersection of Seventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. 54 STRANGER S GUIDE CHUECHES OF WASHINGTON. Episcopal. — Christ Church, Navy Yard, G Street, E, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, S. St, John's, Sixteenth and H Streets, N. W. Ascension, corner Twelfth and Massachusetts Avenue. Epiphany, G Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth, N. W. Trinity, Third and C Streets, N. W. St. Mark's, Third and A Streets, S. E. Incarnation, Twelfth and N Streets, TRINITY CHURCH. M.KTK0PO1.1TAN CHURCH. N. W. St. Paul's (Eitualistic), Twenty-third Street, south of Circle. St. Mary's (Colored), Twenty-third Street, between G and H Streets, N. W. Grace Church, corner of Ninth and D Streets, S. W. St. Andrew's, corner of Fourteenth and Corcoran Streets, N. W. St. Luke's (Colored), corner of Fifteenth and Samson Street, N. W. Presbyterian. — First, Four-and-a-half Street, N. W., near City Hall. Fourth, Ninth between G and H Streets, N. W. Assembly, Fifth and I Streets, N. W. New York Avenue, New York Avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, N. W. (Colored), Fifteenth Street, between I and K Streets, N. W. ^ Congregational. — First, Tenth and G Streets, N. W. Uaitari'in. — All Souls, corner of Fourteenth and L Streets, N. W. Roman Catholic. — St. Peter's, Second Street, N. E., near Pennsylvania Avenue. St. Aloysius, I and North Capitol Streets, N. W. St. Dominick's, Sixth and F Streets, S. W. St. Patrick's, Tenth and F Streets, N. W. St. Matthew's, Fifteenth and H Streets, N. W. St. Stephen's, Pennsylvania Avenue and Twenty-firth Street, N. W- Immaculate Conception, N Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, N. W. St. Martin's (Colored), Fif- teenth Street, near L Street, N. W. Mdhoilst Episcopal.~We?^\ey Ciiapel, Fifth and F Streets, N. W- Metro- politan, Four-and-a-half and C Streets, N. W. McKendree, Massachusetts Avenue, near Ninth Street, N. W. Hamline, Ninth and P Streets, N. W. Foundry, Fourteenth and G Streets, N. W. Asbury (Colored), K and Eleventh Streets, N. W. Methodist Episcopal, South. — Mount Vernon Place, Ninth and K Streets, N. W. Melho'iist Protestant. — Ninth Street, between E and F, N. W. Friends. — Orthodox, Thirteenth Street, between R and S, N. W. Hicks- ite, I Street between Eighteenth and Nineteenth, N. W. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 55 German Reformed. — First, Sixth and N" Streets, N. W. Baptist— YiYsX, Thirteenth Street, between G and H, N. W. Shiloh, Massachusetts Avenue, between Ninth and Tenth Streets, N. W. Calvary, ST. ALOYSIUS. NEW YORK AVENUE CHURCH. H and Eighth Streets, N. W. E Street, E Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, N. W. First (Colored), Nineteenth and I Streets, N. W. Christian. — Vermont Avenue above N Street, N. W. Hebrew. — Washington Hebrew Congregation, Eighth Street, between H and I Streets. Services, Friday, 7 p. m. ; Saturday, 9 A. m. Lutheran. — Trinity (Unaltered Augsburg Confession), Fourth and E Streets, N. W. St. Paul's, Eleventh and H Streets, N. W. Memorial, Fourteenth and N Streets, N. W. Universalist. — Masonic Hall, Thirteenth and L Streets, N. W. PEINCIPAL HOTELS. Arlington. — Vermont Avenue, near H Street, N. W. ^66?Y^.— Fourteenth and F Streets, N. W. Willard's. — Fourteenth and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. Imperial. — E Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth, N. W. St. Marc. — (European), Seventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. Metropolitan. — Pennsylvania Avenue, near Seventh Street. National. — Pennsylvania Avenue, near Sixth Street, N. W. St. James. — (European), Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street. Riggs. — Corner of Fifteenth and G Streets, N. W. Wormley's. — Fifteenth and H, N. W. RAILKOADS. Baltimore and Potomac. — For north, south, east, and west. Depot, corner Sixth and B Streets, N. W. Baltimore and Ohio. — For north, east, and west. Depot, corner New Jersey Avenue and C Streets, N. W. The Virginia Midland, the Washington and Western, and the Richmond and Fredericksburg trains leave from the B. and P. Depot. 56 stranger's guide to Washington city. STEEET EAILKOADS. Washingtoii and Georgetown. — Branch from Georgetown to the Navy Yard, connecting with the Fourteenth Street and Columbia lines, at Fifteenth St. and Pennsylvania Avenue. Exchange tickets given here for Fourteenth Street branch ; with the Metropolitan line at Ninth Street ; with Seventh Street branch at Seventh Street — exchange tickets given here. At the west gate of the Capitol, change cars for the Baltimore and Ohio Depot; the cars turn to the right for the Navy Yard and Capitol Hill. Fourteenth Street Branch. — From New York Avenue and Fifteenth Street to the boundary. Exchange tickets given for Pennsylvania Avenue line. Seventh Street Branch., — From the boundary to the river. At Massachu- setts Avenue they connect with the Columbia line, and at F Street with the Metropolitan line, and at Pennsylvania Avenue with the Pennsylvania Avenue line, for which they give exchange tickets. Metropolitan Raihvay. — From Georgetown to Lincoln Park (one mile east of Capitol), passing the Treasury (within a square), the Patent and Post- Offices, the City Hall, the B. and O. R. E. Depot, and the Capitol. Inter- sects the Fourteenth Street branch and the Columbia lines at Fourteenth Street and New York Avenue, N. W. ; the Belt line, at Eleventh and F Streets, N. W., and again at First Street and Indiana Avenue, N. W. ; the Ninth Street branch (for which transfer tickets are given), at Ninth and F Streets, N. W. ; and the Seventh Street branch, at Seventh and F Streets, N. W. Ninth Street Branch. — From foot of Four-and-a-half Street (Arsenal gates), passing B. and P. E. E. Depot, the Centre Market, intersecting the Main line at Ninth and F Streets (for which transfers are given), passing Patent Oflfice and Mt. Vernon Place to Boundary Street and above Seventh. Silver Spring Branch. — A continuation of the Ninth Street Branch up the Seventh Street Eoad, to the Eock Creek Church Eoad, passing the Scheut- zen Park and the entrance to the Park of the Soldiers' Home. Columbia Railway. — From New York Avenue and Fifteenth Street to Boundary Street^ east. At Ninth Street it intersects the Metropolitan, at Seventh Street the Seventh Street branch of the W. and G. line. The Capitol, North Street and South Washington Railroad, popularly known as the Belt Line, passes the western park of the Capitol, northwardly, to O Street, to Eleventh Street, to Pennsylvania Avenue, passing National Theatre, down Fourteenth Street, passing Agricultural Department, Wash- ington Monument, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, thence eastwardly to the Capitol again. Anacostia and Potomac River. — From the wharves at foot of Seventh Street, N. W., eastward along the river front to the Navy Yard, thence across the eastern branch through Uniontown to the foot of the Insane Asylum Hill. • THEATEES. National Theatre. — E Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets > and fronting Pennsylvania Avenue. Ford's Opera House. — Ninth Street, south of Pennsylvania Avenue. Theatre Comique. — (Variety), Eleventh and L Streets, N. W. Lincoln ifa^/.— Ninth and L Streets, N. W. Abner's Music Garden. — Third, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, N. W. "if* / ^4 STRA LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 003 944 760 5 Visitiii rdially invited ^;^i(1o^ wiM^r" tl»oy will be certaiu, amongst tli^ followiiiij i)t in stock, to find a suitable | ., ,.' itii them. " st( r, 'tscofjic ami Fhotograptiir I itirs,** Rn»f*iu ' I eluding Pocket BooJ^ ' / « •I'^rs, nrrHsinf/ Cases, Cigar and Cignreffe (ki^es, Cabinet and Card FranieSf Work Baskets, JPhotograjth and Autograph Afhums^iSfc,; Glass Inkstands^ Paper Weights an^ (pmanients, Travellers* InkstandSf Oold Fens ai{ Holders, Gold Pencils, Childreti's Gaines, Fam Stafii^nery — in liojces. Paper aud FovelopeSf and ' ^pondence Cards; Books of Fiction, Scietnr, Art, and Law, hattdsonielg hound; Small Views of Public Buildings, Decorating Japanese Goods in large varuty. White Wood Goods, with \ i< >■ - »/ I'abUv Buildings upon thetn, A ptrit'ct willingn< and always glad to have them v at all houi- f Mi. .Ii \ WILLIAM H. MORRISON, Law Bookseller and Stationer, 475 Pent) Ave., Washington, D. C. ALL ORDERS BT MAIIi FBOMPTLY FILLED. m -«