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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 Chaptid.Qf^opyright No. 
 
 Shelf. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMER2CA. 
 
•avLK;>AKi 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 • 
 
 A AMhRlCAN AUTHOHS 
 ].et his countrymen consecrate the memory of the heroic 
 
 general, the patriotic statesman, and the virtuous sage. Let 
 
 them teach their children never to forget that the fruits of his 
 
 labors and his example are their inheritance. 
 
 ;,:, ,, ^ — 77id Senate, on the death of Washiui^ton. 
 
 HE HELM/* 
 
riff! 
 
 .W^Vy 
 
 ■■infidiii 
 
 ^y- '^^K\ 
 
 
ANNIVERSARY BOOK 
 
 AMERICAN REVOLUTION 
 
 QUOTATIONS FROM AMERICAN AUTHORS 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 MARY SHELLEY PECHIN, 
 
 / 
 
 
 THE HELMAN-TAYLOR COMPJ^Y 
 
 CLEVELAND '- ^^; 
 
 1897 
 
 w.v-^w. w^v<"i e's^ V 
 
Copyrighted, 1897 
 The Helman-Taylor Co 
 
 ^>A 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^\o 
 
 imperial ^rcgs 
 
 CLEVELAND. 
 
f^z 
 
 A PATRIOT'S PRAYER, 
 
 Oh, make Thou us, through centuries long, 
 In peace secure, in justice strong; 
 Around our gifts of freedom draw 
 The safeguards of thy righteous law : 
 And, cast in some diviner mould. 
 Let the new cycle shame the old ! ' ' 
 
 — Whiitier, 
 
Ofanuary i, i776* 
 
 General Washington orders a flag known as the " Flag of 
 the Union " hoisted over his headquarters at Cambridge. 
 
 ''The union of lakes, the union of lands, 
 The union of States none can sever, 
 
 The union of hearts, the union of hands, 
 And the flag of our Union forever ! ' ' 
 
 — Georze Morris. 
 
 January 2, \777* 
 
 Second engagement at Trenton, New Jersey. 
 
 " In the second year after Lexington, the American Com- 
 monwealths had already entered upon the path of their 
 * manifest destiny, ' and were becoming united into one polit- 
 ical body, faster than the people could distinctly realize. ' ' 
 
 — -John Fiske, 
 
 Tfamiary 3, ^777* 
 
 Battle of Princeton. Americans victorious. 
 
 "Tell to our sons — how their fathers have died." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
January i. 
 
 January 2. 
 
 January 3» 
 
January 4t ^77^* 
 
 Clinton anchors in New York Harbor. 
 
 1784. 
 
 The Treaty of Peace ratified by Congress. 
 
 ' * Few things have happened in any age more interesting or 
 more important than the American Revolution." 
 
 — Johfi Fiske. 
 
 9 
 
 January 5, 1777. 
 
 Fight between the militia of New Jersey and the British 
 troops near Springfield. 
 
 " What heroes from the woodland sprung, 
 When, through the fresh awakened land. 
 
 The thrilling cry of freedom rung, 
 
 And to the work of warfare strung. 
 
 The yeoman's iron hand." 
 
 — Brya7it. 
 
 January 6, 1759. 
 
 George Washington and Martha Custis married. 
 
 " The most precious possession that ever comes to a man in 
 
 this world is a woman's heart." 
 
 — /. G. Holland. 
 
'January 4. 
 
 January 5« 
 
 'January 6« 
 
January 7t ^7^9* 
 
 George Washington elected to be the first President of the 
 " United States." 
 
 " I feel how much I shall stand in need of the countenance 
 and aid of ever)' friend to myself, of every friend of the Revo- 
 lution, and of every lover of good government." 
 
 — lVashi)igton''s Address. 
 
 ? 
 
 January 8^ 1776, 
 Battle of Charlestown, Mass. 
 
 1780. 
 ^' Washington begs for aid, for his officers and men are per- 
 ishing. ' ' 
 
 '^ No true and permanent fame can be founded, except in 
 labors which promote the happiness of mankind." 
 
 — Chas. Sumner. 
 
 January 9, i779» 
 
 Battle of Sunbury, S. C. 
 
 " Then marched the brave from rocky steep. 
 
 From mountain-river, swift and cold; 
 
 The border of the stormy deep 
 
 In vales where gathered waters sleep, 
 
 Sent up the strong and bold." 
 
 — Brvant. 
 
^January 7, 
 
 January 8, 
 
 January 9. 
 
January lo^ ^777* 
 
 Engagement at Fogland Ferry, R. I. 
 
 1780. 
 
 Washington writes to the Congress of the distress among his 
 soldiers. 
 
 "■ To suffer was the lot of the Revolutionary soldier." 
 
 — Irving. 
 
 January 11^ 1780. 
 
 ' ' Congress had commenced the war without adequate funds, 
 and with no power to impose direct taxes, finds itself in press- 
 ing need of money. ' ' 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
 'January 12, 1780. 
 
 ' ' Washington reluctantly compelled to call upon the 
 
 counties for supphes of grain and cattle." 
 
 — Irving. 
 
 ''We are compelled by necessity to take the property of 
 citizens for the support of an army on whom their safety de- 
 pends." 
 
 — Washington. 
 
January lo. 
 
 January ii. 
 
 January tz. 
 
"J^nu^vy 13, 1770. 
 
 British soldiers cut down the Liberty pole erected by pa- 
 triots. 
 
 " Kings, commons and lords, are uniting amain, 
 To cut down this guardian of ours." 
 
 — Thomas Paine. 
 
 Our flag adopted. 
 
 '* Off with your hat as the flag goes by! 
 Uncover the youngster's head; 
 Teach him to hold it holy and high. 
 For the sake of its sacred dead. ' ' 
 
 — H. C. B untie r. 
 
 January 15, 1781. 
 
 The British army reaches the Pacolet. 
 
 '' My angel, — his name is Freedom — 
 Choose him to be your king; 
 He shall cut pathways east and west, 
 And 'fend you with his wing." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
January i3» 
 
 January 14, 
 
 laiiuary 15, 
 
January i6, 1776. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin endeavors to have his plan for a Con- 
 federacy heard. 
 
 '' God said, * I am tired of kings, 
 
 I suffer them no more; 
 
 Up to my ear the morning springs 
 
 The outrage of the poor. ' ' ' 
 
 — E?nerson. 
 
 January 17, 1781. 
 
 Battle of Cowpens. Americans victorious. 
 
 '' Freedom not won by the vain. 
 
 Not to be courted in play ; 
 
 Not to be kept without pain — 
 
 Stay with us." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 1706. 
 Benjamin Franklin born. 
 
 January 18, 1776. 
 
 Washington receives the news of the death of Montgomery. 
 ''In the death of this gentleman," wrote Washington, 
 America has sustained a heavy loss." 
 
January j6. 
 
 January 17. 
 
 January i8* 
 
January 19, 1781 ♦ 
 
 Cornwallis and army move to King's Mountain. 
 
 " Our enemies are numerous, yet knowing our cause right- 
 eous, and trusting Heaven will support us, I do not greatly 
 dread what they can do against us. ' ' 
 
 — Routledge to Washington. 
 
 'January 20, 1734. 
 
 Robert Morris born. 
 
 '' Without Robert Morris' assistance, even Washington could 
 
 not have saved the country." 
 
 — John Fiske. 
 
 January 21, \777. 
 
 Washington orders that the plunder taken from the enemy 
 be divided among the scouting parties only, as a reward for 
 the fatigue, danger, and hardships they are exposed to. 
 
J^miwy 19, 
 
 January 20, 
 
 Ifamiary 21 
 
jfanuary 22, 1772, 
 
 A movement against slavery begins in Massachusetts. 
 
 '' But laying hands on another, 
 To coin his labor and sweat, 
 He goes in pawn to his victim 
 For eternal years in debt. ' ' 
 
 •Emerson. 
 
 January 23, 1781, 
 
 Comwallis reaches the Catawba River. 
 
 '' Standeth God within the shadow, 
 Keepmg watch above His own." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 'Ifanuary 24^ 1 780, 
 
 The British surprise the picket guard at Elizabethtown. 
 
 " The air is full of farewells to the dying 
 
 And mourning for the dead ; 
 
 The heart of Rachel for her children crying, 
 
 Will not be comforted." 
 
 — Longfellotv. 
 
January 2z, 
 
 January 23, 
 
 January 24, 
 
Washington issues a proclamation '* that all the people of 
 the United States should make an oath of allegiance." 
 
 '' Washington was a patriot soldier, grave, earnest, thought- 
 ful, self-sacrificing. War to him was a painful remedy, hate- 
 ful in itself, but adopted for great national good. ' ' 
 
 — Ii'vim. 
 
 Kanuary 26, 178c. 
 
 Arnold court-martialed and acquitted of all serious charges. 
 
 '' Let not the land once proud of him 
 
 Insult him now, 
 
 Nor brand with deeper shame his dim. 
 
 Dishonored brow. ' ' 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 January 27, 1776. 
 
 Our Federal Union: it must be preserved." 
 
 — Andreii) Jackson. 
 
January 25. 
 
 'January 26, 
 
 January 27, 
 
J^mi^vy 28^ 1766. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin appears, for the first time, before the 
 British Parliament to urge the repeal of the Stamp Act. 
 
 '* We may still light candles, frugality and industry will go a 
 
 long way towards indemnifying us. " 
 
 — Franklin. 
 
 January 29, 1777. 
 
 Battle of Augusta, Ga. 
 
 '* The happy aspect of the land which our Fathers redeemed, 
 the liberty they achieved, the institutions they founded, shall 
 remain one common eternal monument to their memories." 
 
 — Everett. 
 
 January 30, 1781. 
 
 Greene takes command of Morgan's forces. 
 
 *' IjDok up, look forth and on, 
 There's light in the dawning sky; 
 
 The clouds are parting, the night is gone; 
 Prepare for the work of the day." 
 
 — Bayard Taylor. 
 
January zS* 
 
 'jfanuarj? 29* 
 
 'January 30* 
 
January 31^ 1778, 
 
 Washington with his army at Valley Forge. 
 
 " America has furnished to the world the character of Wash- 
 ington, and if our American institutions had done nothing else, 
 that alone would have entitled them to the respect of man- 
 kind." 
 
 — Daniel Webster. 
 
 ? 
 
 februavy 1^ ^775* 
 The Provincial Congress meets in Philadelphia. 
 
 1779. 
 
 Delaware ratifies the Confederation. 
 
 ^' But life shall on, and upward go; 
 
 Th' eternal step of progress beats 
 
 To that great anthem, calm and slow, 
 
 Which God repeats." 
 
 — IVhittier. 
 
 fcbmary 2^ 1780. 
 
 Some British and Hessian troops destroy Young's house, 
 in Westchester County, N. Y. 
 
 ** Now liberty became dearer as men read at large through 
 what sorrow and self-denial and cost of life it had been pur- 
 chased." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
'January 3 1 
 
 •February 1 
 
 February 2, 
 
fcbru^Yy 3^ 1779. 
 
 Battle at Port Royal, S. C. 
 
 Whaling ship Bedford enters the Downs with the national 
 flag flying at the fore. 
 
 " Some future day shall crown us 
 The masters of the main, 
 Our fleets shall speak in thunder 
 To England, France and Spain." 
 
 february 4^ 1776, 
 
 The British troops anchor in New York Harbor. 
 
 Lee enters New York and commences to fortify it. 
 
 " Sleep, soldiers! still in honored rest, 
 
 Your truth and valor wearing; 
 
 The bravest are the tenderest. 
 
 The loving are the daring." 
 
 — Bayard Taylor. 
 
 ■February 5^ ^777* 
 
 Washington writes of the spread of smallpox in all quarters 
 of the army. 
 
 ''Love of country, attachment to their general, sustained 
 the army under unparalleled hardships. Under any other 
 leader the armies would have dissolved and vanished. ' ' 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
fcbniary 3. 
 
 fcbniary 4* 
 
 fcbniary 5, 
 
febmary 6, i/tS* 
 
 Treaty signed between France and the United States. 
 
 ' * American independence was the work not of one or a 
 
 few, but of all; and was ratified not by Congress only, but by 
 
 the instincts and intentions of the nation." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 New York ratifies the Confederation. 
 
 febniai*)? 7, 1770. 
 
 The people of Boston assemble and express their contempt 
 of the soldiers as enemies to the Constitution. 
 
 " Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." 
 
 — Pinckney. 
 
 fcbruary 8, 1775, 
 
 The Houses of Parliament prepare to present the existence 
 of a rebellion in Massachusetts to the King. 
 
 "■ Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can 
 bring you peace but the triumph of principles." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
February 6» 
 
 •febniary 7, 
 
 fcbniayy 8, 
 
fcbvu^vy 9, 1781. 
 
 General Greene reaches Guilford Court House, S. C. 
 
 1778. 
 
 Rhode Island ratifies the Confederation. 
 
 '^ Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty." 
 
 — Jefferson. 
 
 Washington incessantly goaded by the impatience of the 
 people. 
 
 *' Washington writes to Mr. Reed: ' I know the integrity of 
 
 my own heart ; I know that much is expected of me ; I know 
 
 that without men, without arms, without ammunition — without 
 
 anything fit for the accommodation of a soldier, little is to be 
 
 done.' " 
 
 — Innng. 
 
 February 11, 1780. 
 
 The British fleet sail to St. John's Island. 
 
 *' Our fathers live; they guard in glory still 
 
 The grass-grown bastions of the fortressed hill; 
 
 Still ring the echoes of the trampled gorge 
 
 With God and freedom." 
 
 — Holmes. 
 
fcbruAvy g. 
 
 fcbniayy lo* 
 
 ■February 1 1 ♦ 
 
fcbruary 12^ 1776* 
 
 Washington plans to attack Boston. 
 
 ** For freedom he will strike and strive 
 And drain his heart — 'till he is dead." 
 
 1778. 
 
 Connecticut ratifies the Confederation. 
 
 ■February 13^ 1766. 
 Benjamin Franklin summoned before the House of Com- 
 mons for the last time to answer questions in regard to the 
 Stamp Act. 
 
 " If the act is not repealed, the consequences would be a 
 
 total loss of the respect and affection the Americans bore to 
 
 England, and all the commerce that depended on that respect 
 
 and affection." 
 
 — Franklin's Reply. 
 
 fcbvuar)? 14, 1778, 
 
 Our flag, flying from the mast of the Ranger, Capt. John 
 Paul Jones, first saluted by a foreign power, at Quiberon Bay, 
 France. 
 
 1779- 
 
 Battle of Kettle Creek, Ga. Americans victorious. 
 
 '* Hundreds on hundreds fell, 
 
 But they are restin^ir well. " „ , 
 
 — Boker, 
 
febniary i2» 
 
 f cbniary 1 3» 
 
 February 14, 
 
february 15, 1781. 
 
 Comwallis reaches Guilford Court House, S. C. 
 
 '* These men were brave enough, and true 
 To the hired soldier's bull-dog creed; 
 
 What brought them here they never knew ; 
 They fought as suits the English breed. 
 
 They came three thousand miles, and died 
 
 To keep the past upon its throne." 
 
 —Lowell. 
 
 fcbniary 16, 1776. 
 
 Council of war held by Washington; decides to bombard 
 Boston. 
 
 ' ' The spirit of liberty is indeed a bold and fearless spirit. ' ' 
 
 — Daniel Webster. 
 
 fcbniavy 17, 1777. 
 
 Lord North declares he has always been in favor of peace 
 with America. 
 
 '' Hark! from the moonbeams to the sea 
 The old world echoes ' Liberty ' 
 'Till thrones to their foundations shake." 
 
 — Whitfier. 
 
fcbvuary 15* 
 
 fcbruary i6» 
 
 fcbruary 17, 
 
febniary 1 8^ 1781. 
 
 A female patriot warns Greene of Cornwallis' retreat by 
 
 waving a white handkerchief. 
 
 — Irving. 
 
 *' When a deed is done for freedom, through the broad earth's 
 
 aching breast 
 Runs a thrill of joy prophetic, trembling on from east to west." 
 
 — Lowell, 
 
 fcbniary 19, 1775* 
 
 The Continental Congress adjourns in order to hear the 
 
 oration on General Montgomer)^ his officers and soldiers who 
 
 fell at Quebec. 
 
 — American Ai'chives. 
 
 *■ ' To the end of time the soil whereon ye fell is holy, and 
 shall be trod with reverence while America has a name among 
 
 the nations. ' ' 
 
 — Everett. 
 
 febniary 20, 1776. 
 
 The Committee of Safety ' ' ordered to have proper signals 
 placed in the Bay of Delaware, so that prompt intelligence of 
 the arrival of British ships may be known." 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
febniary i8. 
 
 febmary 19* 
 
 fchvuwy 20» 
 
' ' General Wooster begs for money from the Continental 
 Congress to purchase supplies for his troops. ' ' 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
 *' O, ancient commonwealths that we revere 
 Haply because we could not know you near, 
 Your deeds like statues down the aisles of time 
 Shine peerless in memorial calm, sublime." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 fchvu^vyzz, ijiz* 
 
 George Washington born. 
 
 " Broad-minded, higher-souled, there is but one 
 
 Who was all this and ours, and all men's, — Washington." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 febniary 23, 1779^ 
 
 Capture of Vincennes. 
 
 ** Liberty is the basis, and whoever would dare to sap the 
 
 foundation or overturn the structure, under whatever pretext 
 
 he may attempt it, will merit the bitterest execrations and the 
 
 severest punishment which can be inflicted by his injured 
 
 country. ' ' 
 
 — Washington. 
 
february 2i» 
 
 f cbniary 22, 
 
 fcbniary 23, 
 
fcbruary 24t 1780* 
 
 Washington again has to call on the country surrounding his 
 
 troops for food and supplies. 
 
 ' ' A revolution like ours is a most momentous event in 
 
 human affairs." 
 
 — Everett. 
 
 fcbniavy 25, 178K 
 
 Battle of "the Haw." 
 
 ** In these brave ranks I only see the gaps, 
 
 Thinking of dear ones whom the damp turf wraps, 
 Dark to the triumph which they died to gain." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 February 26^ 1776. 
 
 Washington issues an order forbidding officers and men to 
 
 l)lay cards or games of chance. 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
fcbruAvy 24, 
 
 f cbruary 25. 
 
 ftbniary 26. 
 
februavy 27t ^77^* 
 
 Fight at Moore's Creek, N. C. Americans victorious. 
 *' For destiny never swerves 
 
 Or yields to men the helm ; 
 He shoots his thought, by hidden nerves, 
 Throughout the solid realm." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 fcbruary 28^ 1795* 
 
 Francis Marion dies. He was one of the purest men, tru- 
 est patriots, and most heroic generals of the Revolution. 
 
 ** Grave men there are by broad Santee, 
 
 Grave men with hoary hair; 
 
 Their hearts are all with Marion, 
 
 For Marion are their prayers. ' ' 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 March 1, 1781. 
 
 Articles of Confederation finally completed. 
 
 " A new era of the United States assembled in Congress, was 
 begun." 
 
 * * By uniting we stand ; by dividing we fall. ' ' 
 
 — Dickinson. 
 
f cbniary 27, 
 
 f cbruary 28* 
 
 March !♦ 
 
March 2, 1776. 
 
 William Moultrie ordered to build a fort. 
 
 ** Time since then has traveled on, 
 Moultrie, Thompson, Jasper gone ! 
 Few survive who shared the glory of the scene ; 
 But their names in light shall blaze 
 To the very latter days, 
 And our sons in song and story keep their memory ever green. ' ' 
 
 —Old Ballad. 
 
 March 3, 1779* 
 
 Battle at Brier's Creek, Ga. 
 
 '' Not there! but risen redeemed they go, 
 
 Where all the paths are sweet with flowers. 
 They fought to give us peace, and lo ! 
 They gained a better peace than ours." 
 
 — Phoebe Gary. 
 
 March 4, ijjb* 
 
 Washington seizes Dorchester Heights. 
 
 * ' The possibilities of the future for himself and for America 
 — the ruin of the patriot cause if he failed at the outset; the 
 triumphant consolidation of the Revolution if he prevailed." 
 
 — Everett. 
 
March 2, 
 
 March 3, 
 
 March 4* 
 
March 5, 1770. 
 
 Boston Massacre. 
 
 ' ' Oh ! never shall the land forget 
 
 How gushed the life-blood of her brave, 
 
 Gushed warm with hope and courage yet 
 
 Upon the soil they sought to save." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 March 6, 1779* 
 
 General Gates offered the command of the expedition 
 against the six nations. 
 
 '' Peace the offspring is of power." 
 
 — Bayard Taylor, 
 
 March 7^ 1776. 
 
 Appointed to be a day of solemn humiliation and prayer. 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
 *' To Thee, our God, we fly 
 
 For mercy and for grace ; 
 
 Oh, hear our lowly cry, 
 
 And hide not Thou Thy face. 
 
 O, Lord, stretch forth Thy mighty hand, 
 
 And guard and bless our fatherland." 
 
 — How. 
 
March 5. 
 
 March 6, 
 
 March 7* 
 
March 8, 1780* 
 
 An armed neutrality proclaimed. 
 
 '' Labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of 
 celestial fire, — conscience. ' ' 
 
 — Washins^ton. 
 
 March 9, 1776. 
 
 A detachment sent to plant a battery on Nooks Hill. The 
 mortar '' Congress " bursts. 
 
 " Honor to those whose words and deeds 
 
 Thus help us in our daily needs, 
 
 And by their overflow 
 
 Raise us from what is low. ' ' 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
 March 10^ 1766. 
 
 Repeal of the wStamp Act in England. 
 
 "Taxation without representation is tyranny." 
 
 — Jaities Otis. 
 
 1778. 
 
 Massachusetts ratifies the Confederation. 
 
Manrb 8« 
 
 March 9» 
 
 March lo. 
 
March II, 1781. 
 
 An anonymous letter circulated among the officers of the 
 army, considered insidious and inflammatory. Washington 
 said to the troops: ''A country rescued by their arms from 
 impending ruin will never leave unpaid the debt of gratitude." 
 
 Mareb iz^ ^77^* 
 
 "The troops had only a few blankets, their feet were raw 
 
 and bloody from having no shoes ; the pay of the officers was 
 
 not enough to provide the necessities of life." 
 
 — Washington. 
 
 March 13, 1777. 
 
 Washington places a large force of the Army at Peekskill. 
 
 Tribute to the Flag. 
 
 " Let it rise ! let it rise till it meets the sun in his coming; 
 
 let the earliest light of the morning gild it, and the parting day 
 
 linger and play on its summits." 
 
 — Dante/ Webste?-. 
 
March ii 
 
 March tz. 
 
 March is. 
 
M^«H 14, 1776, 
 
 Congress recommends all persons to be disarmed if not in 
 sympathy with the Patriot Cause. 
 
 March 15^ 1781, 
 
 Battle of Guilford Court House, S. C. British victorious. 
 
 '' Take the Banner down ! 'tis tattered; 
 
 Broken is its staff and shattered, 
 
 And the valiant hosts are scattered 
 
 Over whom it floated high." 
 
 — Ryan. 
 
 March 16, 1787. 
 
 First proposition made to Congress to abolish slavery. 
 
 " There's freedom at thy gates and rest 
 For earth's downtrodden and opprest, 
 A shelter for the hunted head. 
 For the starved laborer toil and bread." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
March i4» 
 
 Wnvth 15, 
 
 Matxh t6* 
 
Mavcb 17, 1776. 
 
 The British troops evacuate Boston. 
 
 " Tom from a world of tyrants, 
 Beneath this Western sky 
 We found a new dominion — 
 A land of liberty ! 
 The world shall own we're masters here!" 
 
 — Warre7i. 
 
 March t8^ 1781* 
 
 Cornwallis retreats. 
 
 1766. 
 Stamp Act repealed. 
 
 '' Bow down, dear Land, for thou hast found release! 
 Thy God, in these distempered days. 
 Hath taught thee the sure wisdom of His ways, 
 And through thine enemies hath wrought thy peace!" 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 March 19^ 1776. 
 
 Washington orders five of his best regiments to march 
 under Heath from Boston to New York. 
 
 '' The armies have broken camp 
 On the vast and sunny plain; 
 The drums are rolling again; 
 With steady, measured tramp, 
 They're marching all again." 
 
 — Brownell. 
 
March 17, 
 
 March i8» 
 
 March 19, 
 
Franklin presented to the King of France. 
 
 " Rebellion against tyrants is obedience to God." 
 
 —Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 ' ' The memory of the beloved champion and friend of 
 America and of freedom shall bloom in eternal remembrance." 
 
 — Everett. 
 
 March zi, 1778. 
 
 Battle at Hancock's Bridge. 
 
 '' True to our flag on the fields and the wave, 
 Living to honor it, dying to save." 
 
 — Holmes. 
 
 March 22, 1777. 
 
 Engagement at Peekskill, N. Y. 
 
 1765. 
 Stamp Act passed. 
 
 1782. 
 
 Marie Antoinette assures Benjamin Franklin of her personal 
 
 sympathy with America. 
 
March 20, 
 
 M^t^H i 
 
 M^i^ 22, 
 
March 23^ 1775. 
 
 The British destroy a quantity of stores collected at Peek- 
 skill. 
 
 "I repeat it, sir; we must fight. An appeal to arms and 
 
 the God of hosts is all that is left us." 
 
 — Patrick Henry. 
 
 March 24, 1776. 
 
 South Carolina resolves itself into an assembly. 
 
 1783- 
 
 Our flag, — its symbolism. 
 
 Red signifies Divine love ; it is the language of Valor and 
 the emblem of War. 
 
 White is the symbol of Trust, of Purity, and the emblem of 
 Peace. 
 
 Blue is the symbol of Loyalty, Sincerity, and Justice. 
 
 March 25, 1775. 
 
 Patrick Henry urges that Virginia be put in a state of de- 
 fense. 
 
 '' Is life so dear, or peace so sweet as to be purchased at 
 
 the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it. Almighty God ! I 
 
 know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me 
 
 liberty or give me death. ' ' 
 
 — Patrick Henry. 
 
M^Tth 23« 
 
 March 24« 
 
 Mai*ch 25, 
 
M^rcb 26, 1776. 
 
 Congress orders a gold medal to be struck for Washington, 
 For wise and spirited conduct. ' ' 
 
 '* All ages shall speak with amaze and applause, 
 Of the prudence we show in support of our cause. ' ' 
 
 Songs of Liberty. 
 
 March 27^ 1776. 
 
 Washington enters Boston. 
 
 John Routledge chosen President of the Provincial Con- 
 gress. 
 
 * ' To preside over the welfare of a brave and generous peo- 
 ple is, in my opinion, the highest honor any man can receive." 
 
 — Routledge. 
 
 Mareh 28, 1776. 
 
 The oath of office administered to John Routledge and all 
 members of the Provincial Congress. 
 
 ''Try the rough water as well as the smooth." 
 
 " Fear not a revolution that will constrain you to live five 
 
 years in one." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
M^i*cb 2c^ 
 
 March 27. 
 
 March 28« 
 
March zg, 1777. 
 
 Treason of Charles Lee. He plans to give Philadelphia to 
 the British. 
 
 * ' Fell as the mighty Archangel — ere the earth glowed in 
 space, fell — 
 Fell from the Patriot's heaven down to the Loyalist's hell ! " 
 
 — Thos. Dunn English. 
 
 March 30^1781. 
 
 General Greene discharges his militia and thanks them for 
 their great courage and fortitude. 
 
 "■ Now, brothers of the patriot-bands, 
 
 Let's sing deliverance from the lands 
 
 Of arbitrary sway. 
 
 And as our life is but a span, 
 
 Let's touch the tankard while we can. 
 
 In memory of that day." 
 
 — Old Ballad. 
 
 March SI, 1774. 
 
 The King signs the Boston Port Bill. 
 
 ' ' When the unhappy and deluded multitude against whom 
 this force will be directed shall become sensible of their error, 
 I will be ready to receive them with tenderness and mercy." 
 
 — King Geo. III. 
 
March 29* 
 
 March 30. 
 
 March 3 1 
 
Hpril I, 1776* 
 
 General Wooster takes command at Quebec. 
 ** Heaven is not reached at a single bound; 
 But we build the ladder by which we rise 
 From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies, 
 
 And we mount to its summit round by round." 
 
 — J. G. Holland. 
 
 Hpril Zf i78c» 
 
 Cornwallis reaches Cooper River, S. C. 
 
 '' Each prodigal life that is wasted 
 In many achievements unseen, 
 But lengthens the day of the cowards. 
 And strengthens the day of the mean. ' ' 
 
 — Bayard Taylor, 
 
 HprCl 3, 1776. 
 
 Washington recommends the making of shell and shot at 
 
 once. 
 
 " With prayer to God to aid the right, 
 
 The yeoman girded him for fight. 
 
 To free the land he tilled, or die. 
 
 They bore no proud escutcheoned shield, 
 
 No blazoned banners to the field — 
 
 Naught but their watchword, ' Liberty. ' ' ' 
 
 — Hewitt. 
 
Hpril I. 
 
 Hpnl 2. 
 
 HpHU, 
 
Hprtl 4, 1776. 
 
 North Carolina declares for '' Independence." 
 
 '' Let us have faith that right makes might, and in that faith 
 let us dare to do our duty as we understand it. ' ' 
 
 — Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 Hprtl 5, 1776. 
 
 Greene, with ** his little, distressed, though successful 
 army," starts for Camden. 
 
 1778. 
 
 North Carolina ratifies the Confederation. 
 
 ** There are no points of the compass on the chart of true 
 patriotism. ' ' 
 
 — Robt. C. Winthrop. 
 
 9 
 
 Hprtl 6, 1776. 
 
 The thirteen colonies throw open their commerce to all the 
 world. 
 
 " Read how the nation of the free 
 
 Hath carved her deeds in history." 
 
 *' Absolute free trade was established, and this act was a 
 virtual declaration of independence." 
 
Mpril^ 
 
 Hpnls- 
 
 HpH16. 
 
Hpril7> 17S1. 
 
 Comwallis reaches Wilmington, having lost most of his men. 
 
 ** O for that better season, 
 
 When the pride of the foe shall yield, 
 
 And the hosts of God and Freedom 
 March back from the well- won field. 
 
 -Phoebe Cary. 
 
 Hprtl 8, 1781. 
 
 Washington orders Lafayette to join Greene. 
 
 <* What can alone ennoble fight ? 
 
 A noble cause!" 
 
 — Thomas Campbell. 
 
 Hpril 9, 1776. 
 
 The Continental Congress resolves to send ^200,000 to New 
 York for the use of the Continental troops. 
 
 '*The cry of the soul is for freedom; it longs for liberty 
 from the date of its first conscious moment." 
 
 — J. G. Holland. 
 
Hpril 7, 
 
 HprCl 8, 
 
 Hpril 9, 
 
HpHl 10, 1778. 
 
 The French King sends a fleet laden with provisions for 
 
 America. 
 
 " Thus, Freedom, on the bitter blast 
 
 The ventures of thy seed we cast, 
 
 And trust to warmer sun and rain 
 
 To swell the germs and fill the grain." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 Hiipv^ II, 1776, 
 
 The Provincial Congress adjourns. 
 
 ' ' Although superior force may lay waste our towns and rav- 
 ish our country, it will never eradicate from the breasts of free 
 men those principles which are engrafted in their very nature. 
 The eyes of the world are on America." 
 
 -Routledge. 
 
 Hprfl 12, 1770. 
 
 All duties, except on tea, are repealed by Parliament. 
 
 ''The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same 
 
 time." 
 
 — -Jeffci'son. 
 
Hpnl ic« 
 
 Hprlt 11. 
 
 Hpril 12* 
 
Hpril 13, 1743. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson born. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson, a keen poHtician, a man of great learn- 
 ing, a fine scholar as well as a man of scientific attainments, — 
 was called the " Father of the Declaration of Independence " 
 
 1778. 
 
 French fleet sails from Toulon to help the Americans. 
 
 Hpril 14, 1780. 
 
 Battle of Monk's Corners, S. C. 
 
 1789. 
 
 Washington receives the notice of his election to the Presi- 
 dency. 
 
 '' The boundless prairies learned his name, 
 His words the mountain echoes knew; 
 The Northern breezes swept his fame 
 
 From icy lake to warm bayou." 
 
 — Holmes, 
 
 Hpril 15, 1775* 
 
 All New York merchants who furnished supplies to the Brit- 
 ish army denounced at the ' ' Liberty Pole ' ' as enemies to the 
 country. 
 
Hpril i3» 
 
 Hpril 14, 
 
 Hpril i5» 
 
Hpril 16, 1789. 
 
 Washington leaves Mount Vernon for New York. 
 
 ^' In work done squarely and unwasted days, 
 For this we honor him, that he could know 
 How sweet the service, and how free, 
 
 Of her, God's eldest daughter here below. 
 And choose in meanest raiment which was she." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 Hpril 17, 1790. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin dies. 
 
 Venerated for benevolence, admired for talents, esteemed 
 
 for patriotism, beloved for philanthropy. 
 
 — Washington. 
 
 Hprtl 18, 1775. 
 
 Paul Revere makes his famous ride. 
 
 " Lo, through the night rode Paul Revere, 
 
 And so through the night went his cry of alarm, 
 To every Middlesex village and farm, 
 A cry of defiance and not of fear, 
 
 A voice in the darkness, a knock on the door. 
 
 And a word that shall echo forevermore!" 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
 1783- 
 
 Washington formally announces the cessation of hostilities. 
 
Hpril 1 6, 
 
 Hpril ty. 
 
 Hprtl 1 8. 
 
Hpnl 19, 1775. 
 
 Battle of Lexington. 
 
 *' Over the hillsides the wild knell is tolling, 
 
 From their far hamlets the yeomanry come; 
 
 As through the storm-clouds the thunder burst rolling, 
 
 Circles the beat of the mustering drum." 
 
 — Holmes. 
 
 ** Here once the embattled farmer stood, and fired the shot 
 heard round the world." 
 
 —Emerson. 
 
 Hpril zo, i775» 
 
 Siege of Boston begins. 
 
 <' From this dates the liberty of the American world." 
 
 — Clark. 
 
 Hpril 21, 1775. 
 
 General Israel Putnam reaches Cambridge, to meet the 
 New Hampshire militia. 
 
 '' From the east to the west blows the trumpet to arm. 
 Through the land let the sound of it flee. 
 Let the far and the near all unite with a cheer, 
 In defence of our '' Liberty Tree." 
 
 — Tho77ias Paiju. 
 
Hpvil i9» 
 
 Hpril 20* 
 
 Hpril 21 ♦ 
 
Hpril zZf 1776. 
 
 North Carolina takes the first step for independence. 
 
 '' We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, 
 
 — -Jefferson. 
 
 and our sacred honor. ' ' 
 
 Hprtl 23, i78i» 
 
 Surrender of Fort Watson. 
 
 ** Bright cloud of Liberty ! full soon, 
 
 Far stretching from the ocean strand, 
 Thy glorious folds shall spread abroad, 
 Encircling our beloved land." 
 
 — -John H. Bryant. 
 
 Hprtl 24, J781. 
 
 Greene moves his army to Hobkirk's Hill. 
 
 ** As those who, armed for God's own fight. 
 
 Stand by his word through fire and slaughter, 
 Or bear our banner's starry hght. 
 
 Far flashing through the gulf's blue water." 
 
 — -John Hay. 
 
Hpi-Cl zz. 
 
 Hpnl zs* 
 
 Hpril 24» 
 
Hpril 25, 1781* 
 
 Battle of Hobkirk's Hill, S. C. British victorious. 
 
 '' But when won, the coming battle, 
 What of profit springs therefrom ? 
 What if conquest, subjugation, 
 Even greater ills become ? ' ' 
 
 — Bret Harte, 
 
 Hpril 26, 1776, 
 
 Danbury is burned by the British. 
 
 Lafayette sails from Bordeaux with De Kalb. 
 
 '* From love to me become a good American. The welfare 
 
 of America is closely bound up with the welfare of mankind. 
 
 It is about to become the safe asylum of virtue, tolerance, 
 
 equality and peaceful living." 
 
 — From Lafayette to his wife. 
 
 Hpril 27, 1777. 
 
 Battle of Ridgefield, Arnold defeats Tryon. 
 
 *' Fame comes only when deserved, and then is as inevitable 
 
 as destiny, for it is destiny." 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
Hpril 25. 
 
 Hpril 26. 
 
 Hpril 27. 
 
Hpnl zS, 1788. 
 
 South Carolina ratifies the Constitution. 
 Maryland ratifies the Constitution. 
 
 ** Patience a little; learn to wait; 
 Hours are long on the clock of fate." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 Hpril ^9. 1778- 
 
 Franklin and Voltaire kiss in the presence of the French 
 King. 
 
 '■ ' In token that France makes America her child by adop- 
 tion." 
 
 *'A recognition that the war for American independence 
 
 was for freedom of religious thought. ' ' 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 Hpfil 30, 1789, 
 
 Inauguration of George Washington, on the steps of the 
 Treasury Building in New York. 
 
 '' From all the vast company came the shout, '^ Long live 
 George Washington, President of the United States !" 
 
Hpril 28, 
 
 Hpril 29. 
 
 Hpril 30« 
 
May 1, 1779. 
 
 Washington appoints a court-martial to try Benedict Ar- 
 nold. 
 
 " Then pay the reverence of old days 
 To his dead fame ; 
 Walk backward with averted gaze, 
 
 And hide the shame." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 1783- 
 
 First meeting of the '^ Order of The Cincinnati." 
 
 May 2, I775* 
 
 Patrick Henry calls together a company and starts for Will- 
 iamsburg. 
 
 Ethan Allen starts for Lake Champlain. 
 
 ** It is a desperate attempt," said Ethan Allen. "• If you 
 are willing to follow, poise your firelock. ' ' Every firelock was 
 poised. 
 
 May 3, 1778. 
 
 Washington receives the news announcing the treaty be- 
 tween France and the United States. 
 
 ' ' May the friendship of the two Republics be commensu- 
 rate with their existence." 
 
 — George Washington. 
 
May J. 
 
 Mayz, 
 
 May 3, 
 
May4t ^776* 
 
 Rhode Island refuses to allow the Kmg's name to appear in 
 her public documents. 
 
 " Better the fire upon thee roll, 
 
 Better the shot, the blade, the bowl. 
 
 Than crucifixion of the soul. ' ' 
 
 — Randall, 
 
 May 5, 1775, 
 
 Benjamin Franklin reaches America. Elected deputy to 
 the Continental Congress. 
 
 ** Benjamin Franklin performed extraordinary labors of use- 
 fulness for his fellow men." 
 
 May 6^ 1780* 
 
 Fort Moultrie surrenders. 
 
 '' O, not yet 
 
 May' St thou unbrace thy corselet or lay by 
 
 Thy sword; nor yet, O, Freedom! close thy lid 
 
 In slumber, for thine enemy never sleeps. 
 
 And thou must watch and combat all the day 
 
 Of the new Earth and Heaven." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
May4» 
 
 Mays* 
 
 May 6, 
 
May7t i775- 
 
 One hundred Green Mountain boys and fifty soldiers killed 
 at Castle ton. 
 
 *^ I will have never a noble, 
 No lineage counted great; 
 Fishers, and choppers, and plowmen 
 Shall constitute a State." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 Mays, 1775. 
 
 Minute Men called into service at Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 '' Foreseen in the vision of sages. 
 Foretold when martyrs bled, 
 She was born in the longing of ages. 
 
 By the truth of the noble dead ; 
 And the faith of the living fed. ' ' 
 
 — Bayard Taylor. 
 
 9- 
 
 May 9^ 1776. 
 
 Battle of Cedar Rapids. 
 
 1779. 
 British squadron takes Portsmouth. 
 
 '' Then with eyes to the front, all, 
 And with guns horizontal 
 
 Stood our sires; 
 And the balls whistled deadly, 
 And in streams flashing redly 
 Blazed the fires." 
 
 — Masters. 
 
May/* 
 
 Mays, 
 
 May 9, 
 
May lo, 1775* 
 
 Second meeting of the Continental Congress. 
 Ethan Allen takes Ticonderoga. 
 
 1776. 
 The Colonies first called the United States of America. 
 '^Amost remarkable body was this Continental Congress. 
 It declared the independence of the United States, built a 
 navy, and contracted a treaty with France. ' ' 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 May \\f 1776. 
 
 ** A memorial received by Congress from the people of Phila- 
 delphia, saying the city was in a defenseless condition." 
 ^' There never was a good war or a bad peace." 
 
 — Benjamin Fra^iklin. 
 
 May \Zr ^775^ 
 
 Battle of Crown Point. 
 
 1780. 
 Battle of Charleston, S. C. 
 
 " In the God of battles trust ! 
 Die we may — and die we must, 
 But, O, where can dust to dust 
 
 Be consigned so well. 
 
 As where heaven its dews shall shed 
 
 On the martyred patriot's bed, 
 
 And the rocks shall raise their heads, 
 
 Of his deeds to tell." 
 
 — Pierpont, 
 
May io» 
 
 May lit 
 
 May iz* 
 
May is, 1776* 
 
 Washington writes to General Ward: *'When your works 
 
 for the defense of Boston Harbor are completed, you need fear 
 
 little from the enemy." 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
 '* Call the people together, 
 
 The young men and the sires. 
 
 The digger in the harvest field, 
 
 Hireling, and him that hires." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 May 14, 1787. 
 
 Federal Convention meets in Philadelphia. 
 
 * ' The Federal Convention met to determine whether the 
 Declaration had been for the blessing or for the injury of 
 America and of mankind." 
 
 '*The American Constitution is the most wonderful work 
 ever performed at a given time by the brain and purpose of 
 man." 
 
 — Gladstone. 
 
 May 15, 1776. 
 
 Congress adopts a resolution to recommend all the Col- 
 onies to form independent governments. 
 
 ''The Gordian Knot is cut at last," said John Adams. 
 
May i3» 
 
 May i4» 
 
 May i5» 
 
May 16^ 1780, 
 
 Congress passes a resolution of praise to Lafayette. 
 
 '' Lives of great men all remind us 
 We can make our lives sublime, 
 And, departing, leave behind us 
 Footprints on the sands of time." 
 
 — Longfellow, 
 
 9- 
 
 May 17, 1776. 
 
 Observed as a National Fast Day. 
 
 1774- 
 Rhode Island makes a " Declaration of Rights." 
 
 '* My country, 'tis of thee. 
 Sweet land of liberty. 
 
 Of thee I sing; 
 Land where our fathers died, 
 Land of the Pilgrims' pride, 
 From every mountain side. 
 Let freedom ring. ' ' 
 
 —S. F. Smith. 
 
 May 18, 1777. 
 
 The banquet or fete of The Mischianza in Philadelphia. 
 
 ' ' In this curious festivity, savoring more strongly of Bruges 
 in the Fifteenth Century than of Philadelphia in the Eight- 
 eenth, it was after remembered that the prominent parts 
 were taken by Major Andre and Miss Shippen, who was after 
 the wife of the traitor Benedict Arnold. ' ' 
 
 — -John Fiske. 
 
May 1 6* 
 
 May 17, 
 
 May 1 8. 
 
May i9f 1776. 
 
 Washington sends General Gates to confer with Congress. 
 
 ''His miUtary experience," said Washington, "and in- 
 timate acquaintance with our situation, will enable him to give 
 the fullest knowledge to Congress at this alarming crisis. ' ' 
 
 1790. 
 Israel Putnam dies. 
 
 " He dared to lead where any dared to follow." 
 
 JAxyzOf 1834* 
 
 Lafayette dies. 
 
 " He rests with the immortals, 
 His journey has been long; 
 For him no wail of sorrow, but 
 
 A paean full and strong; 
 So well and bravely has he done 
 The work he found to do, — 
 To justice, freedom, duty, 
 God, and man forever true." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 1775- 
 Mecklenburg passes an absolute " Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence. ' ' 
 
 May 21, 1774* 
 
 Pennsylvania makes a " Declaration of Rights," 
 
 1781. 
 Meeting of Washington and Rochambeau. 
 
M^y 19. 
 
 May 20. 
 
 May 21, 
 
May zz, 1775. 
 
 Virginia instructs her delegates in Congress to propose a 
 *' Declaration of Independence." 
 
 ** Mother of States, and undiminished men, 
 
 Thou gavest us a country. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 May^s^ 1774* 
 
 New York makes a '' Declaration of Rights." 
 
 '' But right is might, through all the world. 
 Province to province faithful clung. 
 Through good and ill the war both hurled. 
 
 Till Freedom cheered and the joy-bells rung." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 May 24, 1775. 
 
 John Hancock chosen President of the Continental Con- 
 gress. 
 
 ^'He was one of the most active of the Massachusetts 
 ' Sons of Liberty. ' ' ' 
 
May zz* 
 
 May 23, 
 
 May24* 
 
May 25» ^775' 
 
 Ships of war and transports from England arrive at Boston 
 under Generals Howe, Burgoyne and Henry Clinton. 
 
 **What!" cried Burgoyne, "what, ten thousand peasants 
 keep five thousand shut up? Well, let us get in and we'll 
 soon make elbow room." 
 
 May 26, 1775. 
 
 Congress, in the name of the United Colonies of America, 
 assumes the direction of the army formed in New England. 
 
 *' The men are rife of Saxon kind, 
 
 To build an equal state. 
 
 To take the statue from the mind. 
 
 And make of duty fate." 
 
 — Emerson, 
 
 Virginia makes a declaration of the " Rights of Man." 
 
 ** Virginia presented herself at the bar of the world and 
 gave the name and fame of her sons as hostages, that her pub- 
 lic life should show a likeness to the highest ideas of right and 
 
 equal freedom among men." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
May 25, 
 
 May 26. 
 
 May 27, 
 
May zS, 1777. 
 
 Washington removes his headquarters to Middlebrook. 
 
 " They founded deep and well, 
 
 Those danger-chosen chiefs of men." 
 
 — LowelL 
 
 9 
 
 May zg, i7So. 
 
 Battle of Waxhaw, S. C. 
 
 In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, 
 With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me ; 
 As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free, 
 While God is marching on." 
 
 — -yu/ia Ward Howe. 
 
 May 30, 1776. 
 
 Two prizes laden with military stores for the British taken 
 by Americans into Newburyport. 
 
 ' ' That God rules in the affairs of men is as certain as any 
 
 truth of physical science." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
May zS, 
 
 May 2g. 
 
 May 30» 
 
May 3J, 177^ 
 
 Maryland makes a " Declaration of Rights." 
 
 1779. 
 Clinton captures the fortress of Stony Point. 
 
 *' United States! the ages plead, — 
 Present and Past in under song,- 
 To put your creed into your deed, 
 Nor speak with double tongue.' 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 ^\xnt if 1774. 
 
 Parliament closes the Port of Boston. 
 
 '^ After that fated first of June the sovereign authority of 
 
 Great Britain was never more to be recognized by the men of 
 
 Boston." 
 
 — -John Fiske, 
 
 Verplank's Point surrenders to the British. 
 
 '^ If you believe in fate to your harm, believe it at least for 
 
 your good." 
 
 — Emerso7i, 
 
Way 31, 
 
 June 1, 
 
 IWKZ. 
 
Jum 3, 1775. 
 
 Moultrie promises to make the best defense he can of Fort 
 Sullivan. 
 
 " Came the owner of the soil, 
 The mechanic from his toil, 
 
 And the student from the college, equal each; 
 They had gathered there to show, 
 To the proud and cruel foe, 
 
 What a people's wrath could teach." 
 
 — 0/dPoem 
 
 Lafayette crosses the Rapidan. 
 
 '' Oh, happy port that spied the sail 
 Which wafted Lafayette ! 
 Pole-star of light, in Europe's sight. 
 That never faltered from the right. ' ' 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 lums, 1781, 
 
 Surrender of Augusta, S. C. Americans victorious. 
 
 ** Hurrah! a new swathe through the harvest again — 
 Hurrah for the flag ! To the battle, Amen !" 
 
 —B. F. Taylor, 
 
Jvmc 3» 
 
 Junc^ 
 
 7une 5. 
 
5imc 6, 1774, 
 
 Connecticut makes a '' Declaration of Rights." 
 
 1799. 
 Patrick Henry dies. 
 
 '* Still, still where'er the battle word 
 Is Liberty, when men do stand 
 For justice and their native land, 
 Then Heaven bless the sword." 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
 9- 
 
 Jimt 7, 1776. 
 
 Virginia wishes the Colonies made free and independent. 
 1779. 
 
 Fairfield, Connecticut, burned by British troops. 
 
 ' ' Happy he whom neither wealth or fashion, nor the march 
 of the encroaching city, drives an exile from the hearth of his 
 ancestral homestead. ' ' -Longfellow. 
 
 June 8, 1776. 
 
 Battle of Three Rivers, Canada. 
 
 1783- 
 
 Washington writes ' ' his legacy. * * 
 
 1 . All the States must be under one federal government. 
 
 2. All debts incurred by the war to be paid to the utmost 
 farthing. 
 
 3 . The militia system to be organized under uniform princi- 
 ples. 
 
 4. All people must be willing to sacrifice, if necessary, their 
 local interests to the common weal, and regard themselves fel- 
 low-citizens of a common country. 
 
June 6. 
 
 7imc7, 
 
 lum8. 
 
Jum 9, 1779. 
 
 Burning of Green Farms. 
 
 ^' Think you, these felt no charms, 
 
 For their gray homesteads and embowered farms; 
 In household faces waiting at the door 
 Their evening step should lighten up no more? " 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 lunc 10, 1776. 
 
 Congress debates the plan of the new government. 
 
 *' New occasions teach new duties, 
 Time makes ancient good uncouth. 
 
 -Lowell. 
 
 ^um 11, 1774. 
 
 New Jersey makes a ** Declaration of Rights." 
 
 '' Sail on, O Ship of State ! 
 
 Sail on, O Union strong and great ! 
 Humanity, with all its fears. 
 With all the hopes of future years, 
 Is hanging breathless on thy fate !" 
 
 — Longfellow, 
 
7uiK9» 
 
 7uiic lo. 
 
 June 1 1 
 
June i?.f 1776. 
 
 Permanent War and Ordnance Board goes into operation. 
 
 ^' A world is thy Realm, for a world be thy laws 
 Enlarged as thine empire, and just as thy cause, 
 On Freedom's broad basis, that empire shall rise, 
 Extend with the Main and dissolve with the skies." 
 
 — Tiviothy Dwight. 
 
 Virginia makes a '^ Declaration of Rights." 
 
 lum 13, 1776. 
 
 Lee reviews the garrison at Fort Moultrie and gives them 
 the praise so justly due. 
 
 '' Thou that to hut and to hall 
 Equal deliverance brought. 
 Soul of her martyrs, draw near. 
 Touch our dull lips with your fire. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 tJunc i4r ^777^ 
 
 Congress resolves that the flag shall have thirteen stripes 
 alternately red and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, 
 white on a blue field." 
 
 '' Who doth that flag defy. 
 We challenge as our foe; 
 Who will not for it die, 
 
 Out from us he must go ! " 
 
June i2« 
 
 June 13^ 
 
 June t^ 
 
June is, 1775. 
 
 Washington is made Commander-in-Chief of the Continental 
 Army. 
 
 " A stranger among strangers then, 
 
 How art thou since renowned the Great, the Good, 
 
 FamiUar as the day in all the homes of men." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 June 16, 1775* 
 
 Americans fortify Breed's Hill. 
 
 '* But the good deed through the ages 
 
 Living in historic pages, 
 
 Brighter grows and gleams immortal, 
 
 Unconsumed by moth or rust. ' ' 
 
 — Longfellow . 
 
 Massachusetts makes a " Declaration of Rights." 
 
 1775- 
 Battle of Bunker Hill. 
 
 " Already had the strife begun. 
 
 Already blood on Concord's plain, 
 
 Along the springing grass had run. 
 
 And blood had flowed at Lexington, 
 
 Like brooks of April rain." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
Jum 15. 
 
 June 1 6, 
 
 June 17. 
 
7um i8, 177S. 
 
 The British evacuate Philadelphia. 
 
 1781. 
 Battle of Fort Ninety-six, S. C. 
 
 *' Bow down, dear Land, for thou hast found release, 
 Thy God, in these distempered days. 
 Hath taught thee the sure wisdom of His ways. 
 
 And through thine enemies hath wrought thy peace!" 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 lune 19, 1776. 
 
 A committee from Frederick County, Md., '* pray that the 
 Quakers and Mennonites be not exempt from militia duties." 
 
 *' Come east and west and north, 
 By races as snow flakes. 
 And carry my purpose out, 
 
 Which neither halts nor shakes. ' ' 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 limc 20, 1775. 
 
 Washington receives his commission as Commander-in-Chief 
 of the Army. 
 
 *' He was now in the vigor of his days, forty- three years of 
 age, stately in person, noble in his demeanor, calm and digni- 
 fied in his deportment." 
 
 — Innng. 
 1779. 
 
 Battle of Stone Ferry, S. C. 
 
3func i8. 
 
 lunc 19, 
 
 'jfune 20« 
 
Jumzi, 1775. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson elected to Congress. 
 
 " There is not in the British Empire a man who more cor- 
 dially loves a union with Great Britain than I do ; but, by the 
 God that made me, I will cease to exist before I will yield to 
 a connection on such terms as the British Parliament pro- 
 pose ! ' ' 
 
 — -Jeffej'son. 
 
 lum 22, i777» 
 
 Lord Howe burns houses near Amboy. 
 
 '* Some, faintly loyal, felt their pulses lag 
 
 With the slow beat that doubts and then despairs ; 
 Some caitiff would have struck the starry flag. 
 
 That knits us with our past. ' ' 
 
 — LowelL 
 
 lum23, 1775. 
 
 Washington escorted out of Philadelphia by the Massachu- 
 setts troops and officers. 
 
 '' Virginia gave us this imperial man, 
 
 Cast in the massive mould 
 
 Of those high-statured ages old. 
 
 Which into grander forms our mortal metal ran ; 
 She gave us this unblemished gentleman. ' ' 
 
 — LowelL 
 
 1778. 
 
 Springfield burned by the British. 
 
^une 21, 
 
 lime 22* 
 
 Junczi^ 
 
June 24, I777. 
 
 Washington comes with his army to Quibbletown. 
 
 " We sit here in the Promised Land, 
 
 That flows with Freedom, honey and milk; 
 But 'twas they won it, sword in hand, 
 
 Making the nettle danger soft for us as silk." 
 
 — Lowell, 
 
 Washington, Lee and Schuyler reach Newark, N. J. 
 
 " The longer on this earth we live. 
 
 And weigh the various qualities of men. 
 
 The more we feel the high, stern-featured beauty 
 
 Of plain devotedness to duty. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 lum 26, 1777- 
 
 Encounter between Cornwallis and Sterling's troops near 
 Westfield, Conn. 
 
 *' I, Freedom, dwell with knowledge; I abide 
 With men whom dust of faction cannot blind 
 To the slow tracing of the Eternal Mind. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
7utic 24, 
 
 7une 25, 
 
 7une 26, 
 
Junczy, i77^- 
 
 The British army encamp near Monmouth Court-house. 
 
 " We call our sorrows Destiny, but ought rather to name our 
 high successes so." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 Kum 28, 1775. 
 
 Battle of Fort Moultrie, S. C. 
 
 *' The victory at Fort Moultrie was the bright morning star 
 and harbinger of American independence. ' ' 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 1778. 
 
 Battle of Monmouth lost by the treachery of General Charles 
 Lee. 
 
 '* A general can be guilty of no blacker crime than know- 
 ingly to betray his trust on the field of battle." 
 
 — John Fiske. 
 
 June 29, 1774. 
 
 Delaware makes a " Declaration of Rights." 
 
 1781. 
 British troops evacuate Fort Ninety-six, S. C, and the Ameri- 
 cans occupy it. 
 
 " Here the free spirit of mankind at length 
 
 Throws its last fetters off; and who shall place 
 A limit to the giant's unchained strength, 
 Or curb his swiftness in the forward race?" 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
Jum Z7f 
 
 June zS, 
 
 Juntzg, 
 
Jum 30, 1778. 
 
 Arrest of General Charles Lee. 
 
 " Though the mills of God grind slowly, 
 Yet they grind exceeding small; 
 Though with patience He stands waiting, 
 With exactness grinds He all." 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
 ' ' The women of Charleston presented to Moultrie and 
 Motte two beautiful flags worked by themselves." 
 
 — -John Fiske. 
 
 3uly I, 1776. 
 
 This day set apart to consider the resolution of Independence. 
 
 John Adams invokes the blessing of Heaven on the new- 
 born republic. 
 
 '' We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are 
 created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with 
 certain inalienable rights." 
 
 — Declai'ation of Indepe?idence. 
 
 luly 2, 1776, 
 
 Congress passes the resolution ' ' that the United Colonies 
 are, and of right ought to be, free." 
 
 '' O, small beginnings! ye are great and strong, 
 Based on a faithful heart and weariless brain. 
 Ye build the future fair, ye conquer wrong. 
 Ye earn the crown, and wear it not in vain." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
June 30* 
 
 luly n 
 
 Kuly 2» 
 
luly 3, 1775. 
 
 Washington takes command of the Continental Army under 
 the Great Elm-Tree at Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 ' ' This is he who is raised, who is not the head of a party, 
 
 but the Father of his Country. ' ' 
 
 — Adams. 
 
 Declaration of Independence. 
 
 " This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of free- 
 dom, that government of the people, by the people, and for 
 the people, shall never perish from the earth." 
 
 — Abraham Lincoln. 
 Liberty bell is rung. 
 
 *' Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land!" 
 
 "ivXySf\777* 
 
 Battle of Ticonderoga, N. Y. 
 
 ** If, for the age to come, this hour 
 
 Of trial hath vicarious power, 
 
 And blest by Thee, our present pain, 
 
 Be Liberty's eternal gain. 
 
 Thy will be done." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
July 3, 
 
 luly 4* 
 
 luly 5* 
 
luly 6, 1774- 
 
 New Hampshire makes a *' Declaration of Rights." 
 
 1781. 
 Battle of Williamsburg. 
 
 ** Our band is few, but true and tried, 
 
 Our leader frank and bold. ' ' 
 
 — Bryant, 
 
 7uly 7f 1^777' 
 
 Battle of Hubbardton, Vt. 
 
 * ' Sons of the best of fathers ! will ye falter 
 
 With all they left ye perilled and at stake? 
 Ho! once again on Freedom's holy altar 
 The fire awake ! ' ' 
 
 — Whittier, 
 
 South Carohna makes a *' Declaration of Rights." 
 
 '* Lowly faithful, banish fear, 
 
 Right onward drive unharmed; 
 
 The port, well worth the cruise, is near. 
 
 And every wave is charmed." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
Ofuly 6. 
 
 3uly 7. 
 
 JvXy 8. 
 
'^ The leaden statue of King George III. was taken to Litch- 
 field, Conn., from New York and moulded into bullets in 
 Oliver Wolcott's orchard." 
 
 1781. 
 
 Battle of Jamestown. 
 
 ''Go forth! in Heaven's name, to wage the battle of the 
 right ! ' ' 
 
 Tfuly 10, 1777- 
 
 Burgoyne's army reaches Lake Champlain. 
 
 " Yon glorious bow of Freedom, bended by the hand of 
 
 God, is spanning Time's dark surges." 
 
 — Geo. D. Prentice. 
 
 'July it, 1782. 
 
 British forces evacuate Savannah, Ga. 
 
 " War in men's eyes shall be a monster of iniquity in the 
 good time coming. Nations shall not quarrel then to prove 
 
 which is the stronger.' 
 
 -Mackay. 
 
7uiy 9» 
 
 July 10, 
 
 July II 
 
5uly i^f 1780. 
 
 Sumter destroys three companies of dragoons. 
 
 ** Is it, O man, with such discordant noises. 
 With such accursed instruments as these. 
 Thou drownest nature's sweet and kindly voices, 
 And jarrest the celestial harmonies? ' ' 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
 July i 3, i 777* 
 
 Arrival of the French fleet on the coast. 
 '^ Let us preserve pure and perfect those principles of friend- 
 ship for each other, — love for our country, respect for the 
 
 Union." 
 
 — J^ol^l. R. Livingston. 
 
 Arrival of Ulster Yeomanry at Fort Montgomery. 
 
 *' These men," wrote Clinton to Washington, '' turn out of 
 their harvest fields to defend their country with surprising alac- 
 rity. Many have no arms ; they brought a shovel, spade or 
 pickaxe, or scythe straightened, fastened to a pole." 
 
July J 2, 
 
 luly 13* 
 
 luly 14. 
 
3fuly i5f 1779- 
 
 Storming of Stony Point. 
 
 '^ Our troops, ill fed, ill sheltered, ill clad, ill paid; nothing 
 to reconcile them to their hardships but love of the soil they 
 defended, and the inspiring thought, ' It was their Country!' " 
 
 — Washington. 
 
 JvXy 16, 1779, 
 
 Washington directs that the guns be turned on Fort Lafay- 
 ette and the British ships. Americans victorious. 
 
 Wayne, in his dispatches, writes: *' The humanity of our 
 brave soldiery reflects the highest honor on them, and accounts 
 for the few of the enemy killed. ' ' 
 
 'July 17, 1779. 
 
 General Charles Lee writes a generous letter of praise to 
 General Wayne : ' ' I sincerely declare that your assault of Stony 
 Point is not only the most brilliant, in my opinion, of the 
 whole war, but the most brilliant in history." 
 
7uly i5» 
 
 5uly i6» 
 
 luly 17, 
 
^uly 18, 1775. 
 
 Schuyler arrives at Ticonderoga. 
 
 1792. 
 John Paul Jones dies. 
 
 *' The fame of Paul Jones to the world shall be known. 
 His name shall rank with the gallant and brave, 
 Who fought hke a hero our Freedom to save." 
 
 — Anonymous. 
 
 Ofuly 19. 1775- 
 
 Washington reads his first report to the army at Cambridge. 
 
 '^ Thanks to each man of courage." 
 
 " And 'tis far in the deeps of history, 
 The voice that speaketh clear." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 July 20, 1778. 
 
 Washington encamps at White Plains. 
 
 '' Take heart! the promised hour draws near, 
 I hear the downward beat of wings. 
 And Freedom's trumpet sounding clear; 
 Joy to the people ! love and fear 
 
 To new world tyrants, old world kings." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
liiiy i8^ 
 
 July 19, 
 
 July zo. 
 
luiyzt, 1774, 
 
 North Carolina makes a '* Declaration of Rights." 
 
 1776. 
 Washington writes to the army praising their action on Sul- 
 livan's Island, S. C. 
 
 '* Our fathers to their graves have gone; 
 Their strife is past, their triumph won; 
 But sterner trials wait the race 
 Which rises in their honored place." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 luly 22, 1779. 
 
 Battle of Minnisink, Pa. 
 
 " I see in you a band of patriots, the supporters of your 
 
 — Robt. R. Livingston. 
 
 country's rights. 
 
 July 23, 1780. 
 
 Battle of Springfield, N. J. 
 
 ** Never or now ! cries the blood of a nation. 
 
 Poured on the turf where the red rose should bloom ; 
 Now is the day, and the hour of salvation — 
 Never or now ! peals the trumpet of doom." 
 
 — Hobnes. 
 
JuXyzi, 
 
 July zz. 
 
 July 23. 
 
Joseph Trumbull appointed Commissioner-General of the 
 Continental Army. 
 
 ^^ O, Truth! O, Freedom! now are ye still born; 
 In the rude stable, in the manger nursed. 
 What humble hands unbar those gates of morn, 
 
 Through which the splendors of the New Day burst! " 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 Battle of Penobscot, Me. 
 
 " To teach the brotherhood of man, 
 To love and reverence one another 
 As sharers of a common blood, 
 The children of a common God." 
 
 — JVhiltier. 
 
 luly 26, 1776. 
 
 Convention of Maryland, at Annapolis, resolves to sustain 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 " All men are by nature equally free and have inherent 
 rights. Government is or ought to be instituted for the com- 
 mon benefit and security of the people, nation or community." 
 
 — -James Madison. 
 
July 24* 
 
 July 25» 
 
 July z6. 
 
The Green Mountain Boys elect Seth Warner commander. 
 
 '' A man of noble bearing, sound judgment, energy and 
 pure patriotism." 
 
 ? 
 
 Ju\yz%f 1776, 
 
 The Declaration of Independence read to the troops after 
 divine service at Ticonderoga. 
 
 " God bless the free, independent States of America. Now 
 
 we are a people; we have a name among the States of the 
 
 world. ' ' 
 
 — Wo7^ds of the Army. 
 
 Ofuly 29, 1778. 
 
 The French fleet arrives at Newport. 
 
 ' ' Be strong ! already slants the gold 
 
 Athwart these wild and stormy skies; 
 From out this blackened waste, behold 
 What happy homes shall rise ! ' ' 
 
 — Brow7ielL 
 
Juiy 27* 
 
 lu\y 28, 
 
 7uly 29. 
 
July 3p, 1780. 
 
 Battle of Rocky Mountain, S. C. 
 
 Comwallis retreats to York town. 
 
 ** England may as well try to dam up the waters of the Nile 
 with bulrushes as to fetter the step of freedom." 
 
 — -James Otis. 
 
 July 31, 1779* 
 
 Congress appoints Lafayette Major-General. 
 
 ''When a man assumes a public trust he should consider 
 
 himself as pubhc property." 
 
 — -Jefferson. 
 
 Hugust 1, 1773* 
 
 Virginia Convention meets at Williamsburg. 
 
 ''Here the first germ of a revolutionary government was 
 planted." 
 
July 30, 
 
 Juiy 31 
 
 Hu^(ii8t 
 
Huguot 2, 1776. 
 
 The Declaration of Independence signed by fifty-four dele- 
 gates and subsequently by the two others, representing all the 
 thirteen colonies. 
 
 ' ' The Constitution, in all its provisions, looks to an inde- 
 structible union composed of indestructible States " 
 
 — Salmon P. Chase. 
 
 Huguet 3, 1777* 
 
 Four British ships sunk at Fort Washington. 
 
 *' Oh, Country, marvel of the earth! 
 
 Oh, realm to sudden greatness grown ! 
 The age that gloried in thy birth. 
 Shall it behold thee overthrown? 
 Shall traitors lay that greatness low? 
 No, land of Hope and Blessing, No !" 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 9- 
 
 Hugust 4, 1 776. 
 
 Washington's order forbidding swearing in the army re- 
 ceived. 
 
 *'Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in 
 vain. ' ' 
 
Hugudt au 
 
 Hugust 3, 
 
 Hygu9t 4, 
 
Huguet 5, 1783. 
 
 Washington returns to his headquarters at Newburg. 
 
 '' When freedom, on her natal day, 
 Within her war-rocked cradle lay, 
 An iron race around her stood, 
 Baptized her infant brow in blood. 
 And through the storm which round her swept, 
 Their constant ward and watching kept." 
 
 — WhitHei' 
 
 Hwguet 6, 1777. 
 
 Battle of Fort Schuyler, N. Y. 
 
 *'The stars and stripes first flung to the breeze at this 
 battle." 
 
 ''Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a 
 nation. ' ' 
 
 " Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just. 
 And this be our motto. In God is Our Trust; 
 And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave. 
 O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ! " 
 
 — Francis Scott Key. 
 
 Mitguet 7, 1776. 
 
 Washington replies to Trumbull. 
 
 *' To trust altogether in the justice of our cause, without our 
 own utmost exertion, would be tempting Providence." 
 
Hugust 5, 
 
 Hugiist 6. 
 
 Hugust 7. 
 
Hugust 8, 1776. 
 
 Trumbull calls his council of safety. Tells ' ' the militia to 
 be roused and alarmed, and to stand forth in one great and 
 glorious cause." 
 
 ^' Columbia, Columbia, to glory arise. 
 
 The queen of the world, and the child of the skies." 
 
 — Timothy Dwight. 
 
 Huguet 9, 1776. 
 
 Trumbull calls on the people. 
 
 ''March on! This shall be your warrant. Play the man, 
 for God and for the cities of our God. May the Lord of hosts, 
 the God of the armies of Israel, be your Leader. ' ' 
 
 Huguat 10, 1778, 
 
 Naval manoeuvres off Newport between the French and 
 British fleets. 
 
 ''What seem to us but sad funeral tapers maybe Heaven's 
 
 distant lamps." 
 
 — Longfellow . 
 
Hl3gU6t 8. 
 
 Hugust 9, 
 
 Hugu9t 10, 
 
Hugust 11,1 777. 
 
 Burgoyne starts an expedition to seize the magazines at 
 Bennington, Vt. 
 
 1779. 
 Fort Sullivan built. 
 
 '' 'Tis as easy to be heroes as to sit the idle slaves 
 
 Of a legendary virtue carved upon our fathers' graves." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 Huguat 12, 1777. 
 
 Arnold offers to go and release Fort Schuyler. 
 
 To war — and with our brethren, then — if only this can be ; 
 
 Life hangs as nothing in the scale against dear Liberty. 
 
 Though hearts be torn asunder, for Freedom we will fight; 
 
 Our blood may seal the victory, but God will shield the 
 
 right." 
 
 — Lucy Larcom. 
 
 HuguBt 13, 1780. 
 
 Cornwallis takes command at Camden, S. C. 
 
 *^ So we are springing to the call from the East and from the 
 West, 
 Shouting the battle-cry of freedom. ' ' 
 
Hugu&t in 
 
 Hugudt li. 
 
 HugUSt 13, 
 
Hugu9t 14, 1765* 
 
 The ' ' Sons of Liberty ' ' in Boston hang the stamp officer, 
 Ohver, in effigy. 
 
 '' Come, join hand in hand, brave Americans all. 
 By uniting we stand, by dividing we fall; 
 To die we can bear, but to serve we disdain. 
 For shame it is to Freedom more dreadful than pain. 
 In Freedom we're born, in Freedom we'll live." 
 
 — OM Song, 
 
 Hugust 15. ^777* 
 
 Warner and his men march all night through drenching rain 
 to join Stark. 
 
 " Deep let our pledges be: 
 
 Freedom forever ! 
 
 Truce with oppression, 
 
 Never, O never!" 
 
 — Whittier, 
 
 Huguat 16^ ^777* 
 
 Battle of Bennington. Americans victorious. 
 
 '* Now Stark has come to Bennington, to lead us in the fray. 
 We win this fight for truth and right before the day be done. 
 Or Molly Stark's a widow at the setting of the sun." 
 
 — Old Ballad. 
 
Hugudt H. 
 
 Huguat J 5, 
 
 Hugudt i6» 
 
Lafayette visits Washington at Mount Vernon. 
 
 " The guest that was coming he waited long; 
 
 He is now housed. 
 He is one of those who are beautiful and happy; 
 He is one of those that to look upon and be with is enough. ' ' 
 
 — IVaU Whitman. 
 
 Huguet t8, 1780. 
 
 Battle of Fishing Creek, S. C. British victorious. 
 
 '* For God hath marked each sorrowing day, 
 And numbered every secret tear, 
 And Heaven's long age of bliss shall pay 
 For all his children suffer here." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 Huguet 19, 1777. 
 
 Gates takes command at Stillwater. 
 
 ** Ah! I remember Stillwater as it were yesterday; 
 
 When first I shouldered a firelock and set out the foeman 
 
 to stay. 
 The country was up all around us, racing and chasing Bur- 
 
 goyne, 
 And I had gone out with my neighbors, Gates and his forces 
 to join." 
 
 —T. D. E. 
 1779. 
 
 Battle of Paulus Hook, N. Y. 
 
Huguat 17. 
 
 Huguat tS, 
 
 Huguat 19. 
 
Hu^at zo, 1778. 
 
 Estaign brings his squadron into Narragansett Bay. 
 
 " The abilities of this commander, his bravery and zeal for 
 
 our common cause, are undisputably great. ' ' 
 
 — Cooper, 
 
 Hugust 21, 1776. 
 
 Washington writes : ' ' No offer of peace has ever been 
 made, and every man should prepare his mind and arms for 
 action. ' ' 
 
 *^ Freedom, O fairest of all. 
 
 The daughter of Time and Thought. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 9- 
 
 Hugust zz, 1776. 
 
 Landing of British troops on T-X)ng Island. 
 
 1779. 
 Battle of Newtown. Americans victorious. 
 
 '* Then rushed to meet the insulting foe; 
 They took the spear, but left the shield." 
 
 — Freneau. 
 
Hugudt 20, 
 
 Hugudt 21. 
 
 Hugust 22. 
 
Hugudt 23, 1779. 
 
 Americans plan to recapture Savannah. 
 
 ^' Freedom's soil hath only place 
 For a free and fearless race — 
 None for traitors false and base. ' ' 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 *- 
 
 Washington leads his troops decorated with green sprigs 
 through Philadelphia to overawe the disaffected. 
 
 *' I was born an American, I live an American, and I shall 
 
 die an American. ' 
 
 — Daniel Webster. 
 
 Huguat 25, 1789. 
 
 Mary Washington, the mother of the General, dies. 
 
 * ' Heaven had spared her to an age beyond which few at- 
 tain; had favored her with the full enjoyment of her mental 
 faculties, and as much bodily health as usually falls to the lot 
 
 of fourscore." 
 
 — Washington 
 
Hugudt 23, 
 
 Hugust 24^ 
 
 Hugudt 25. 
 
Hugu9t26, 1765. 
 
 A mob in Boston sacks the house of Chief Justice Hutch- 
 inson. 
 
 " As usual with mobs, the vengeance fell in the wrong place, 
 
 for Hutchinson had done his best to prevent the passage of the 
 
 Stamp Act. ' ' 
 
 — -John Fiske. 
 
 Huguet 27, i776« 
 
 Battle of Long Island. 
 
 ' ' This day, though so full of sorrow for the Americans, shed 
 
 little glory on the British Huns. Putnam sent the flower of 
 
 the American Army to death." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 Hiigu9t28, 1778* 
 
 Sullivan retreats to Butts Hill, R. I. 
 
 ^' See yonder the ranks of the traitorous foe, 
 And bright in the sunshine bayonets glow. 
 Breathe a prayer, but no sigh ; think for what you would fight. 
 Then charge ! with a will, boys, and God for the right. 
 For whether we fight, or whether we fall. 
 By sabre-stroke or rifle ball — 
 The hearts of the free will remember us yet. ' ' 
 
 — Raymond. 
 
Huguet 26* 
 
 Hugu9t 27. 
 
 Hugust 28, 
 
Hugu8t 29t 1776. 
 
 Washington holds a council of war on Brooklyn Heights. 
 
 1778. 
 Battle of Butts Hill, R. I. 
 
 1779. 
 
 Battle of Chemung, N. Y. 
 
 " Never to see a nation born. 
 
 Hath been given to mortal man, 
 Unless to those who, on that summer morn. 
 
 Gazed silent when the great Virginian unsheathed 
 the sword." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 Hugust 30, 1776. 
 
 AVashington and army leave Long Island and reach New 
 York. ^' This retreat considered a wonderfully effected one." 
 
 Hugu9t 31, 1775. 
 
 Gage cuts down the Liberty Tree. 
 
 1776. 
 Washington withdraws the garrison from Governor's Island. 
 
 ** From the East to the West blow the trumpet to arms. 
 Through the land let the sound of it flee; 
 Let the far and the near all unite with a cheer. 
 In defense of our Liberty Tree. ' ' 
 
 — Thomas Paine. 
 
Hugudt 29, 
 
 Hugu9t 3o« 
 
 Hugu9t 31, 
 
September i, i/Si* 
 
 Washington and his army leave Trenton. 
 
 ' He chose, as men choose, where most danger showed, 
 
 Nor ever faltered 'neath the load of petty care that galls 
 
 great hearts the most." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 September 2, 1 765* 
 
 A mob destroys the house of the stamp officer in Maryland. 
 
 "Even the children carolled — 'Liberty,' 'Property,' and 
 
 No Stamps.' " 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 September 3, 1783. 
 
 Treaty of Peace signed with Great Britain. 
 
 '' Answered at last the patient prayer of them. 
 Who now by faith alone behold its stem 
 Crowned with the flowers of Freedom's Diadem." 
 
 — Whitfier. 
 
September k 
 
 Septetiibet* 2^ 
 
 September 3t 
 
Septcmbei* 4, 1776^ 
 
 The Committee of Safety of New York writes to Washington 
 of their inability to help him at King's Bridge. 
 
 '' Hannibal made war for revenge, Caesar and Napoleon for 
 
 ambition, Washington for justice, for the rights of his country, 
 
 and for mankind." 
 
 — Emma Willard. 
 
 September 5, 1 776. 
 
 Assembling of the first Continental Congress at Carpenter's 
 Hall, 
 
 Patrick Henry said : ' ' All America is thrown into one mass. 
 Where are your landmarks, your boundaries of Colonies? 
 They are all thrown down. The distinctions between Virgin- 
 ians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers and New Englanders are no 
 more. I am not a Virginian, but an American." 
 
 September 6f 178K 
 
 Battle of Fort Griswold. 
 
 " By each spot of haunted ground, 
 
 Where Freedom weeps her children's fall; 
 
 By Plymouth's rock, and Bunker's mound; 
 
 By Griswold's stained and shattered wall; 
 
 By Warren's ghost; by Langdon's shade — 
 
 By all the memories of the dead." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
September 4, 
 
 September 5, 
 
 September 6* 
 
Scptcmbct* 7; J78z* 
 
 New London burned by Benedict Arnold. 
 
 '^ All is not lost; the angel of God's blessing 
 Encamps with freedom on the field of fight. ' ' 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 September 8, 1781. 
 
 Battle of Eutaw Springs. Americans victorious. 
 
 '* At Eutaw Springs the valiant died; 
 
 Their Hmbs with dust are covered o'er. 
 Weep on, ye Springs, your tearful tide, 
 How many heroes are no more." 
 
 — Freneau. 
 
 September 9, 1777. 
 
 John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States, opens 
 the Supreme Court. To the jury he said: '' Free, mild and 
 equal government begins to rise. Divine Providence has made 
 the tyranny of princes instrumental in breaking the chains of 
 their subjects." 
 
September /♦ 
 
 September 8, 
 
 September 9. 
 
September 10, 1781. 
 
 Washington reaches Mount Vernon. 
 
 " From beneath that humble roof went forth the intrepid 
 and unselfish warrior, the magistrate, who knew no glory but 
 his country's good. To that home he returned, happiest when 
 his work was done ; and there he died in glory and in peace. ' ' 
 
 — Everett. 
 
 September 11^ 1777* 
 
 Battle of Brandywine. British victorious. The American 
 troops first carried their national flag. 
 
 ' ' We join ourselves to no party that does not carry the flag 
 and keep step to the music of the Union." 
 
 — Rufus Choate. 
 
 September 12, 1775. 
 
 General Montgomery enters Montreal. 
 
 ' ' While the language that we speak retains its meaning in 
 
 the ears of men, while the sod of what is now the sod of 
 
 America shall be trod by freemen — your name, your memory 
 
 shall be cherished." 
 
 — Everett. 
 
September io» 
 
 Beptember m 
 
 September i2» 
 
September 13, 1777* 
 
 Burgoyne crosses the Hudson. 
 
 1781. 
 Battle of Hillsborough, N. C. 
 
 ' * For he that worketh high and wise, 
 Nor pauses in his plan, 
 Will take the sun out of the skies, 
 Ere Freedom out of man. ' ' 
 
 -Emerson. 
 
 9 
 
 September 14, 1776. 
 
 Washington's headquarters transferred to King's Bridge. 
 
 ''Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and insepa- 
 rable." 
 
 — Daniel Webster. 
 
 September 15, 1776. 
 
 General Howe takes the city of New York. 
 
 Putnam's division saved by Mary Lindley Murray. 
 
 " A lady with a lamp shall stand. 
 In the great history of the land, 
 A noble type of good, heroic womanhood. ' ' 
 
 — Longfellow . 
 
September i $, 
 
 September 14, 
 
 September 15, 
 
September 16, 1776. 
 
 The British attack Harlem Heights. 
 
 " 'Tis heaven-born freedom fires us all, 
 And strengthens each brave son, 
 From him who humbly guides the plough, 
 To God-like Washington." 
 
 — Seward. 
 
 September 17, 1787. 
 
 Constitution of the United States submitted to the people. 
 
 "Its Constitution, the ghttering and sounding generalities 
 of natural rights which make up the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence." 
 
 — Rufus C ho ate. 
 
 September 18, 1777. 
 
 Battle of Lake George, N. Y. 
 
 *^ His voice who made the land 
 
 For his holiest hath decreed it, 
 His chosen it shall stand. 
 And the Lord shall lead it. " 
 
 — H. C. Bunne7. 
 
September 16* 
 
 September 17, 
 
 September i8» 
 
September 19, 1777. 
 
 First battle at Bemis Heights, N. Y. 
 
 '' Let us do the work before us, 
 
 Cheerily, bravely, while we may. 
 
 Ere the long night — silence cometh, and 
 
 With us it is not day." 
 
 — Whittier, 
 
 September 20, i777* 
 
 Battle of Paoli. 
 
 1787. 
 
 The Constitution laid before Congress. 
 
 '' The victory of endurance bom." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 September 21^ 1776. 
 
 New York partially burned. 
 
 '' But bolder they who first offcast 
 
 Their moorings from the habitable past, 
 And ventured chartless on the sea 
 Of storm-engendering Liberty. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
Scpternbcr 19* 
 
 Septcinbcr zo. 
 
 September 21, 
 
September 22, ^77^- 
 
 Nathan Hale captured and hung by the British. 
 
 *' I only regret I have but one life to give to my country." 
 
 1780. 
 Meeting of Arnold and Andre. 
 
 " Happy for Arnold had he found a soldier's and a patriot's 
 grave beneath the rock-built walls of Quebec." 
 
 — Irving. 
 
 September 23, 1779. 
 
 Victory of Paul Jones off the coast of England. 
 
 1780. 
 Andre arrested. 
 
 ''A traitor is good fruit to hang from the boughs of the tree 
 
 of Liberty." 
 
 —B. IV. Beecher. 
 
 September 24, 1780, 
 
 Washington hears of Arnold's treachery. 
 
 ''Arnold's conduct is so villainously perfidious, that there 
 are no terms which can describe the baseness of his heart. ' ' 
 
 — Washington. 
 
©cptcmbci* 22, 
 
 September 2S, 
 
 September 24* 
 
September Z5f i 775* 
 
 Ethan Allen attempts to capture Montreal and is taken 
 prisoner. 
 
 ' ' Among the hardy pioneers of our Revolution whose un- 
 tutored valor gave the first earnests of its triumphs, will be 
 remembered with honor the rough Green Mountain partisan — 
 
 Ethan Allen." 
 
 — Banc?-oft. 
 
 ? 
 
 September 26^ ^777* 
 
 The British enter Philadelphia. 
 
 "■ I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and 
 
 that is the lamp of experience ; I know of no way of judging 
 
 the future but by the past." 
 
 — Patrick Henrv. 
 
 Beptember 27, 1776. 
 
 An American frigate approaches too near the shore at Phila- 
 delphia, and grounds and is taken by the British. 
 
 '' Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty." 
 
 — -Jefferson. 
 
September 25* 
 
 September 26, 
 
 September 27, 
 
September 28^ 1776. 
 
 Pennsylvania makes a '' Declaration of Rights." 
 
 1781. 
 The army marches from Williamsburg. 
 
 " But P^eedom is beyond the price of any earthly cheer, 
 
 And Freedom's flag is sacred." 
 
 — Lucv Larcom. 
 
 Beptember 29^ 1780, 
 
 Andre tried. 
 
 *' It is impossible to save him," said the kindly Steuben. 
 ' ^ Would to God the wretch who had drawn him to his death 
 might be made to suffer in his stead." 
 
 September 30, i78n 
 
 The army takes possession of York town. 
 
 '' If the true spark of religion and liberty be kindled, it will 
 burn. Human agency cannot destroy it." 
 
 — Daiiiel Webster. 
 
September z8. 
 
 September 29, 
 
 September so. 
 
October if 1780. 
 
 Battle of King's Mountain. 
 
 " And so upon King's Mountain, 
 From rise till set of sun, 
 By hardy Western mountaineers 
 The battle-field was won. ' ' 
 
 — Thomas Dunn English. 
 
 October Zf i??^* 
 
 The people of Philadelphia protest against the taxation on 
 tea. 
 
 '* Bad news from George on the English throne: 
 ' You are thriving well,' said he. 
 ' Now by these presents 
 
 You shall pay us a tax on tea ; 
 'Tis very small — no load at all.' " 
 
 -Emerson. 
 
 1780. 
 Andre executed. 
 
 October 3, 1779. 
 
 Fort Sullivan destroyed. 
 
 ' ' War involves in its progress such a train of unforeseen cir- 
 cumstances that no human wisdom can calculate the end; it 
 has but one thing certain, and that is to increase taxes." 
 
 — Thomas Paine. 
 
October I 
 
 October 2* 
 
 October 3* 
 
October 4f ^777* 
 
 Battle of Germantown. 
 
 '^ 'Tis the soul only that is national, and he who pays true 
 loyalty to that, alone can claim the wreath of patriotism." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 October 5^ \77^* 
 
 The New York Convention thank '' The Honorable Con- 
 gress for the one hundred thousand dollars advanced for their 
 
 troops." 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
 ' ' Be proud ! for she is saved, and all have helped to save 
 
 her." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 October 6, ^777^ 
 
 Battles of Forts Clinton and Montgomery. British vic- 
 torious. 
 
 * ' Spirit supreme of Freedom ! not for this did great Colum- 
 bus tame his eagle soul to jostle with the claws that perch in 
 
 courts." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
October 4* 
 
 October s* 
 
 October 6. 
 
October 7, 1765. 
 
 General Congress assembles at New York to protest against 
 the Stamp Act. 
 
 ' ' This meeting held under the very guns of the British 
 fleet." 
 
 ' ' A confirmation of our essential and common rights as Eng- 
 lishmen may be pleaded from charters safely enough, but any 
 further dependence on them may be fatal. ' ' 
 
 — John Fiske. 
 
 ?■ 
 
 October 8, 1777* 
 
 British burn Kingston. 
 
 '* Our dwelling is in the Almighty's hand; 
 We come and we go at his command. 
 Though joy or sorrow may mark our track, 
 His will is our guide, and we look not back." 
 
 — Gould. 
 
 October 9^ 1781. 
 
 Washington fires the first gun at Yorktown. 
 
 " Whoever fights, whoever falls, 
 Justice conquers evermore — 
 Justice after as before; 
 And he who battles on her side, 
 God, though he were ten times slain. 
 Crowns him victor, glorified — 
 Victor o'er death and pain forever." 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
October 7* 
 
 October 8, 
 
 October 9, 
 
October 10^ 1781. 
 
 The French battery at Yorktown sets on fire the frigate 
 *' Charon," belonging to the British. 
 
 " War crushes bad principles and tyrants, and so saves So- 
 
 ciety." 
 
 ^Colton. 
 
 October II, 1776* 
 
 Battle of Valcour Island, the first naval battle of the war. 
 
 '^ A sign that we who live may claim 
 
 The peerage of the brave, 
 
 A monument that needs no scroll 
 
 For those beneath the wave." 
 
 — Boker. 
 
 9- 
 
 October 12^ 1776. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson obtains leave to bring in a bill for the abol- 
 ishment of entails. This was done to perfect republican in- 
 stitutions. 
 
 " America neither separated abruptly from the past, nor ad- 
 hered to its decaying forms. In a country which enjoyed 
 freedom of conscience, of inquiry, of the press, and of govern- 
 ment, the universal intuition of truth promised a never-ending 
 
 career of progress and reform." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
October lo* 
 
 October n* 
 
 October tz. 
 
October 13, 1777* 
 
 Burgoyne tries to treat for peace. 
 
 '^ The sun never shone on a cause of greater worth. 'Tis 
 
 not the affair of a city, a country, a province, or a kingdom — 
 
 but of a continent. Posterity is virtually involved in it to the 
 
 end of time " 
 
 — Thomas Paine. 
 
 9 
 
 October 14, 1776. 
 
 Carleton lands at Crown Point. 
 
 '^The harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; 
 
 what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly. 'Tis dear- 
 
 ness only that gives everything its value. ' ' 
 
 — T/wmas Paine. 
 
 October 15, 1775* 
 
 Benjamin Franklin arrives at camp to confer with Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 " In wells where truth in secret lay 
 
 He saw the midnight star by day. ' ' 
 
 — W. H. Howells. 
 
October 1 3* 
 
 October 14, 
 
 October 15, 
 
October 16^ 1781* 
 
 Battle at Monk's Corners, N. Y. 
 
 ** Cornwallis led a country dance. 
 The like was never seen, sir. 
 With retrograde and much advance, 
 And all with General Greene, sir." 
 
 — Old Ballad. 
 
 October 17, 1777* 
 
 Burgoyne surrenders. 
 
 ''The fortunes of war," said Burgoyne, ** have made me 
 your prisoner." 
 
 '' The independence of the United States was not yet won, 
 
 but the triumph at Saratoga set in motion a train of events 
 
 from which the winning of independence was destined soon to 
 
 follow." 
 
 — -JoJui Fiske. 
 
 ?• 
 
 October 18, 1776* 
 
 Falmouth, Mass., burned by the British. 
 
 ' ' I bow me to the threatening gale ; 
 I know, when that is over-past. 
 Among the peaceful harvest days. 
 An Indian summer comes at last." 
 
 —A D. T. Whitney. 
 
October i6. 
 
 October 17. 
 
 October 18, 
 
October 19, 1781. 
 
 Comwallis surrenders at Yorktown. 
 
 " Revolutions are not made — they come." 
 
 — Phillips. 
 '' Revolutions never go backward." 
 
 —Ibid. 
 
 ' ' The war that was closed by the surrender of Comwallis 
 was only the War of the Revolution. The War of Independ- 
 ence is yet to be fought. ' ' 
 
 — Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 October 20, 1781. 
 
 Washington, in general orders, congratulates the army on 
 the victory at Yorktown. 
 
 '' Still, like our fathers, feel thee near." 
 
 '' Nations are long results, by under ways 
 
 Fathoming the night that warrants length of days. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell 
 
 October 21, 1781, 
 
 Washington '' earnestly recommends that the troops not on 
 duty attend divine service to be held that day." 
 
 '' Give peace. Lord, in our time; 
 
 Oh, let no foe draw nigh, 
 Nor lawless deed of crime 
 
 Insult Thy majesty. 
 
 O Lord, stretch forth Thy mighty hand, 
 
 And guard and bless our fatherland." 
 
 — How. 
 
Octobci* 19, 
 
 October 20, 
 
 October 21* 
 
October 2i, 1777. 
 
 Battle of Fort Mercer, N. J. 
 
 '^ We will welcome to our members the loyal, true and brave, 
 Shouting the battle-cry of freedom. 
 And although they may be poor, not a man shall be a slave, 
 Shouting the battle-cry of freedom." 
 
 October 23, 1776, 
 
 Washington establishes his headquarters at White Plains. 
 
 Battle of Red Bank. 
 
 a We're the men, though our clothes are worn; 
 
 We're the ?ne?i, though we wear no lace; 
 We're the men, who the foe have torn, 
 
 And scattered their ranks in dire disgrace, 
 We're the nien who have triumphed before." 
 
 -Bell. 
 
 ? 
 
 October 24, 1776. 
 
 Washington and army go to White Plains, and so baffle the 
 British. 
 
 '' Dead Homer, from his lost and vanished grave, 
 Keeps battle glorious still, and soldiers brave. ' ' 
 
 -(H. H.) 
 
October zz. 
 
 October 23, 
 
 October z^. 
 
October 25, 1776. 
 
 Howe's army crosses from New Rochelle to the New Jersey- 
 River. 
 
 " Born free, thus we resolve to Uve; 
 By Heaven ! we will be free — 
 By all the stars which bum on high; 
 By all the green earth, the mighty sea; 
 By God's unshaken majesty — 
 We will be free, or die !" 
 
 — Hope. 
 
 October 26, 1774, 
 
 Congress instructs John Adams to draw up a petition from 
 Congress to the King. 
 
 ^' To your justice we appeal," they said. " You have been 
 told we are impatient of government and desirous of independ- 
 ency. These are calumnies. Permit us to be free as your- 
 selves, and we shall ever esteem a union with you our greatest 
 glory and greatest happiness." 
 
 ?- 
 
 October 27, 1776. 
 
 The British move against Fort Washington. 
 
 '' Lay down the axe, fling by the spade; 
 Leave in its track the toiling plough — 
 The rifle and the bayonet blade 
 
 For arms like yours were fitter now." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
October 25. 
 
 October z6. 
 
 October 27* 
 
October 28, 1776. 
 
 Battle of White Plains. 
 
 '' Our independence, with God's blessing, we will maintain 
 
 against all the world." 
 
 — Thomas Paine, 
 
 '' Country is a shape of each man's mind." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 October 29, 1776* 
 
 Washington employs his men in strengthening his position 
 at Chatterton Hill. 
 
 ** The kindly, earnest, brave, foreseeing man; sagacious, pa- 
 tient, dreading praise, not blame, 
 New birth of our new soil, the first American. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 October 30, 1780. 
 
 Major-General Greene appointed to the command of the 
 Southern Department. 
 
 '* Greene in the South then danced a set, 
 
 And got a mighty name, sir; 
 
 Comwallis jigged with young Fayette, 
 
 But suffered in his fame, sir." 
 
 — Old Ballad. 
 
October 28. 
 
 Octobci* zg. 
 
 October 30, 
 
October 3it 1776* 
 
 Washington moves his main army to White Plains. 
 
 '' Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid 
 
 growth." 
 
 — Washington. 
 
 November 1, 1783. 
 
 Washington issues his farewell orders to the army. 
 
 '^ To the various branches of the army the general takes this 
 last and solemn opportunity of professing his invariable attach- 
 ment and friendship. He recommends them to their grateful 
 country, and his prayers to the God of armies." 
 
 — Irving. 
 
 November 2, 1776. 
 
 General Washington issues an order forbidding any soldier 
 to burn buildings unless ordered to do so by an officer. ' ' 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
October 3i< 
 
 Nowmber !♦ 
 
 November 2» 
 
November 3^ 1783. 
 
 The army is formally disbanded. 
 
 '' Never can that melancholy day be forgotten when friends, 
 companions for seven long years in joy and sorrow, were torn 
 asunder without the hope of ever meeting again, and with pros- 
 pects of a miserable subsistence in future." 
 
 — Thatcher. 
 
 November 4, 1776. 
 
 Lord Howe moves his encampment to Dobb's Ferry. 
 
 ' ' God grants liberty only to those who love liberty and are 
 
 always ready to guard and defend it." 
 
 — Daniel Webster. 
 
 November 5, 1776. 
 
 The English Parliament resolves itseK into a committee to 
 consider the question of American Independence. 
 
JVovcinber $♦ 
 
 Nowmbci* 4. 
 
 November 5^ 
 
November 6, 1775. 
 
 The Rhode Island Assembly passes an act subjecting all 
 who assist the British to the penalty of death. 
 
 " For he who settles freedom's principles writes the death- 
 warrant of all tyranny. ' ' 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 November 7, 1776, 
 
 Washington's first care was to save the garrison at Fort Wash- 
 ington and the stores at Fort Lee. 
 
 *' 'Tis at the feet of history — through the night 
 Of years the steps of virtue she shall trace." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 November 8, 1776. 
 
 Washington advises Greene to evacuate Fort Washington. 
 
 '^ Rough are the steps slow-hewn in flintiest rock, 
 
 States climb to power by." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
jVovembcr 6» 
 
 November /♦ 
 
 November 8, 
 
November 9t ^777* 
 
 Battle at Fort Mifflin. 
 
 *' Love shall tread out the baleful fire of anger, 
 And in its ashes plant the tree of peace." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 9 
 
 November 10^ 1776* 
 
 General Lee is warned by General Washington to guard 
 against surprises by the British. 
 
 ** Lee was now at the height of his popularity and influ- 
 ence; the star of his destiny was at its zenith. It was said 
 that he was ' the idol of the officers and possessed still more 
 the confidence of the soldiery. ' ' ' 
 
 — Moore's Treason of Charles Lee. 
 
 November 11, i778» 
 
 Massacre at Cherry Valley. 
 
 ** In the waste of Cherry Valley, 
 Desolation long was seen. 
 Seated on the heaps of ashes, 
 
 Where the homes of men had been.' 
 
l^ovembcr 9, 
 
 November 10, 
 
 November ii. 
 
November 12, i/So^ 
 
 Battle of Broad River, S. C. 
 
 " In Heaven we place a manly trust, 
 That truth and justice may prevail, 
 And every scheme of bondage fail. ' ' 
 
 — Hopkinson. 
 
 ?• 
 
 November 13^ i776» 
 
 Washington reaches Fort Lee. 
 
 *' Men's monuments, grown old, forget their names — 
 They should eternalize; but the place 
 Where shining souls have passed, imbibes a grace 
 
 Beyond mere earth." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 November 14, 1776. 
 
 The Continental Congress considers the scheme of a lottery 
 to raise money for the war. 
 
 ' '■ Besides ordinary matters of detail, Washington had to pre- 
 pare from dissolving regiments the means of protecting New 
 Jersey, and to advise Congress of the pressing wants of the 
 
 army. ' ' 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
)N[ovcniber 12. 
 
 JNfowinbcr 1 3, 
 
 jVovembcr 14, 
 
Novcinbei' 15^ 1776. 
 
 General Howe summons Magaw to surrender Fort Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 ^' Not man's brute vengeance, such as rends 
 What rivets man to man apart, — 
 God doth not so bring round his ends. 
 But waits the ripened time, and sends 
 
 His mercy to the oppressor's head." 
 
 —Lowe//. 
 
 Novcmbcv 16, 1776* 
 
 General Howe takes Fort Washington. 
 
 '^ The honors of the war belonged to the Hessians and High- 
 landers." 
 
 ^777- 
 Battle of Fort Mifflin, N. J. 
 
 '^ These are the times that try men's souls." 
 
 — Thomas Paine. 
 
 November 17, 1776* 
 
 Washington orders Lee to go to New Jersey. 
 
 ' ' From the day on which Lee was left with a separate com- 
 mand, he seems to have been governed by one purpose and 
 animated by one spirit — a spirit of anything but patriotism ; a 
 spirit to gratify his own personal ambition at any cost. ' ' 
 
 — C. H. Moore. 
 
IHovembcr 15* 
 
 November 16, 
 
 jyowmber 17, 
 
Novcmbei* 18, 1776. 
 
 Fort Lee taken by Lord Cornwallis. 
 
 '^ I hear the jar 
 Of beaten drums, and thunders that break forth 
 From cannon, where the advancing billow sends 
 Up to the sight long files of armed men, 
 That hurry to the charge through flame and smoke." 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 November 19^ ^777- 
 
 Fort Mifflin surrounded by the British. 
 
 * * See ! from a thousand coverts — see ! 
 
 Spring the armed foes that haunt her track; 
 They rush to smite her down, and we 
 Must beat the banded traitors back. ' ' 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
 November 20^ 1776. 
 
 Surprise of Fort Lee. 
 
 1780. 
 Battle of Blackstock, S. C. 
 
 *' How sleep the brave, who sink to rest 
 By all their country's wishes blest." 
 
 — Campbell. 
 
J^ovcmbcr 18. 
 
 JSovcmber tg* 
 
 INfovewbcr zo* 
 
November 21^1 776. 
 
 Washington orders Lee to move the army beyond the 
 Passaic. 
 
 '* East, West, and North the shout is heard 
 Of freemen rising for the right ; 
 Each valley has its rallying word, 
 Each hill its signal light." 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 November 22, 1780. 
 
 The American army captures Fort George. 
 
 ' ' * Freedom ! ' their battle-cry — 
 ' Freedom, or leave to die ! ' 
 Ah ! and they meant the word. 
 Not as with us 'tis heard. 
 Not a mere party shout; 
 They gave their spirits out — 
 Trusted the end to God." 
 
 — George H. Boker. 
 
 November 23^ 1775. 
 
 The British capture Norfolk, Va. 
 
 *' O, for that better season. 
 
 When the pride of the foe shall yield, 
 And the hosts of God and Freedom 
 March back from the well- won field!" 
 
 — Bryant. 
 
November 21 ♦ 
 
 J^ovembev 22* 
 
 Nowmbcr 23, 
 
November 24, 1780. 
 
 The news of the surrender of CornwaUis reaches England. 
 
 '' Woe, then, to all who grind 
 
 Their brethren of a common Father down 1" 
 
 — Whittier. 
 
 November 25, 1783. 
 
 The last of the British Army leaves the United States. 
 *' Independence noAv, independence evermore." 
 
 — Daniel Webster. 
 
 November 26, 1789. 
 
 Thanksgiving Day appointed by President Washmgton. 
 
 '* Before Jehovah's awful throne. 
 Ye nations bow with sacred joy; 
 Know that the Lord is God alone, 
 He can create, and He destroy." 
 
 — Isaac Watts. 
 
JVowmbcr 24. 
 
 )S[ovcniber 25. 
 
 November 26. 
 
J^owmbci' zjf 1776. 
 
 * ' Committee appointed by the Continental Congress to pur- 
 chase for the troops, from the housekeepers of Philadelphia, 
 all the blankets and woolen stockings they can spare." 
 
 — America7i Archives. 
 
 November 28, 1776. 
 
 Washington leaves Newark. 
 
 '' Is it alone where freedom is, 
 Where God is God, and man is man? 
 Does he not claim a broader span 
 For the soul's love of home than this? 
 O, yes ! his fatherland must be 
 As the broad heaven wide and free." 
 
 — LowelL 
 
 Novetnbei* 29^ i777» 
 
 The Articles of Confederation translated into French for 
 presentation to the people of Canada. 
 
 ' ' The articles of Confederation endeavored to reconcile a 
 partial sovereignty in the Union with complete sovereignty in 
 the states, to subvert a mathematical axiom by taking away a 
 part and letting the whole remain." 
 
IVovember 27, 
 
 IVovcnibcr 28* 
 
 IHovembei' 29, 
 
JSovembei* 30^ 1776. 
 
 Washington writes to William Livingston : ' ' I will not de- 
 spair. ' ' 
 
 ** Wa}Tie burns to come to the help of poor Washington," 
 writes Trumbull. " We are determined to maintain our cause 
 to the last extremity." 
 
 December 1, 1776. 
 
 Cornwallis enters Brunswick, N. J. Washington as he re- 
 treats breaks down the bridge over the Raritan. 
 
 " With but three thousand men, half clad, poorly fed, he 
 marched by night to Princeton. His mind derived nourish- 
 ment from adversity and grew more strong and serene and 
 
 pure through affliction." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 Decembers, 1776, 
 
 General Lee crosses the Hudson and continues his march 
 to Morristown. 
 
 '' The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this 
 
 crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that 
 
 stands by it now deserves the love and thanks of man and 
 
 woman." 
 
 — Thomas Paine. 
 
JSovctnber' 30» 
 
 December i. 
 
 December z* 
 
December 3, 1776. 
 
 Washington reaches I'renton, 
 
 ** He saw the danger of defeat, nor less 
 The ineonipiitable perils of success ; 
 The sacred past thrown by, an empty rind, 
 The future, cloud-land snare of jMophets, blind." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
 December 4, 1 jjj, 
 
 Lafayette appointed to command a division of the army. 
 
 1783- 
 
 ("icneral ("leorge Washington parts with his ofiticers. 
 
 ** May your latter days be as prosperous and happy as your 
 former ones have been glorious and honorable." 
 
 — Wash trigfo n . 
 
 December 5, 1 jyj. 
 
 The British at Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia. 
 
 * Oh, war! when thou'rt clothed in the garments of glory, 
 When Freedom has lighted thy torch at her shrine, 
 And proudly thy deeds are emblazoned in story, 
 We think not, we feel not, what horrors are thine." 
 
 — E, M. Chandler. 
 
December 3, 
 
 Decenibey 4, 
 
 December 5. 
 
Decctrsbcr 6^ ^777* 
 
 Battle of Chestnut Hill, Pa. 
 
 1790. 
 Senate meets in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 * ' They founded deep and well, 
 Those danger-chosen chiefs of men. 
 Who still believed in Heaven and Hell; 
 Nor hoped to find a spell, 
 In some fine flourish of a pen. 
 To make a better man 
 Than long-considering nature will or can. 
 
 -Lowell. 
 
 December 7, \777. 
 
 Battle of Edge Hill, Pa. 
 
 1796. 
 
 Washington meets the two Houses of Congress for the last 
 time. 
 
 " I repeat my fervent supplications to the Supreme Ruler 
 of the universe and Sovereign Arbiter of nations, that His 
 providential care may be still extended to the United States." 
 
 — Washington. 
 
 ? 
 
 Decembers, 1776. 
 
 Washington crosses the Delaware at Trenton. 
 
 " Once to every man and nation comes the moment to decide, 
 In the strife of Truth and Falsehood, for the good or evil 
 
 side." 
 
 — Lowell. 
 
Oeccmber 6, 
 
 Occcwbcr 7» 
 
 Occembcr 8, 
 
December 9, 1775. 
 
 Battle of Norfolk, Va. 
 
 *' Few, few were they whose swords of old 
 Won the fair land in which we dwell. 
 But we are many, we who hold 
 The grim resolve to guard it well. ' ' 
 
 -Bryant. 
 
 Oeeember 10, i777« 
 
 Encounter between Washington and Lord Howe's troops 
 near Philadelphia. 
 
 ** Freedom may come quickly in robes of peace, or after 
 
 ages of conflict and war ; but come it will, and abide it will — 
 
 so long as the principles by which it was acquired are held 
 
 sacred. ' ' 
 
 — Everett. 
 
 Oecembev 11, ^777* 
 
 Washington goes to Valley Forge. 
 
 " Valor consists in the power of self-recovery." 
 
 -Emerson. 
 
December g. 
 
 Oecember lo* 
 
 December ii< 
 
Occetnbei' tz, i776» 
 
 Washington implores Congress for reenforcements. 
 
 '* Is it too late? Ah, nothing is too late, 
 
 Till the tired heart shall cease to palpitate." 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
 Decembei* 13, 1776. 
 
 General Lee taken prisoner by the British. 
 
 General Putnam calls upon all able-bodied men in Philadel- 
 phia, unless conscientiously scrupulous against bearing arms, 
 to at once appear in the State-house yard. 
 
 Dccembei' 14, 1799. 
 
 Washington dies at Mount Vernon. 
 
 '* To the memory of the man first in war, first in peace, 
 and first in the hearts of his countrymen." 
 
 — Andrew Jackson. 
 
December iz* 
 
 December i s» 
 
 December 14* 
 
December 15, 1776. 
 
 General Washington writes of his deep regret and the great 
 
 loss the army has sustained in the capture of General Lee by 
 
 the British. 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
 9 
 
 December 16, 177 J. 
 
 Tea thrown overboard at Boston Harbor. 
 
 *^ This," said John Adams, *' is the most magnificent move- 
 ment of all." 
 
 " The cargo came, and who could blame 
 
 If Indians seized the tea. 
 
 And chest by chest let down the same, 
 
 Into the laughing sea? ' ' 
 
 —0/d Verse. 
 
 December 17, 1775. 
 
 General Putnam, with his men, breaks the ground at Lech- 
 mere Point, and places on it the prize mortar, which he has 
 
 christened ''The Congress." 
 
 — Irinng. 
 
December 15* 
 
 Decetnbei' i6» 
 
 Decembei* 17* 
 
Deceinber 18, '^777* 
 
 Washington issues a proclamation for a National Thanksgiv- 
 ing by the Continental Army. 
 
 '' Thy love divine hath led us in the past, 
 In this free land by Thee our lot is cast. 
 Be Thou our ruler, guardian, guide and stay, 
 Thy word our law. Thy paths our chosen way. ' ' 
 
 — Roberts. 
 
 Deceinbei* 19, 1777. 
 
 Washington and his army arrive at Valley Forge. 
 
 '* Washington's unsleeping vigilance and thorough system 
 for receiving intelligence secured them against surprise : love 
 of country and attachment to their general sustained the troops 
 under unparalleled hardships. ' ' 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 December 20^ 1777. 
 
 Washington once more begs aid for his army. 
 
 '* I have no lust after power; I wish with as much fervency 
 
 as any man for the opportunity to turn the sword into the 
 
 ploughshare. ' ' 
 
 — Washington. 
 
Oecembo* i8» 
 
 December 19, 
 
 December zo. 
 
December 2]^ i776^ 
 
 Benjamin Franklin reaches Paris. 
 
 *' Franklin's fame as a philosopher, his unfailing good 
 humor, the dignity, self-possession and ease of manner, the 
 plainness of his dress acted as a spell on the gay capital. ' ' 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 December 22, 1775. 
 
 President Hancock writes Washington ' his wish that God 
 may crown with success his attack on Boston.' 
 
 — American Archives, 
 
 ?• 
 
 December 23^ 1783. 
 
 Washington resigns his commission as Commander-in-Chief 
 of the Army. 
 
 ''With malice towards none, with charity for ail, with firm- 
 ness in the right as God gives us to see the right." 
 
 — Abraham Lincoln. 
 
December 21 
 
 Decembct* zz. 
 
 Oecember 23, 
 
December 24^ 1 776* 
 
 General Washington writes to the Congress of the alarming 
 
 distress among the troops. 
 
 — American Archives. 
 
 '' Worn and wasted, Oh ! how long 
 Shall thy trodden poor complain? 
 In thy name they bear the wrong, 
 In thy cause the bonds of pain." 
 
 Whittier. 
 
 December 25, 1776, 
 
 Washington with his army crosses the Delaware a few miles 
 
 above Trenton. 
 
 *< On Christmas day in seventy-six, 
 
 Our ragged troops, with bayonets fixed. 
 
 For Trenton marched away. 
 
 The Delaware, see ! the boats below, 
 
 The light obscured by hail and snow. 
 
 But no signs of dismay. ' ' 
 
 — Old Ballad. 
 
 December 26, 1776. 
 
 Battle of Trenton. 
 
 ^' Until that hour the life of the United States flickered like 
 
 a dying flame. That victory turned the shadow of death into 
 
 the morning." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
Oeceinber 24. 
 
 December 25* 
 
 December 26. 
 
December 27, 1776. 
 
 Congress resolves to send reenforcements to Washington. 
 
 ' ' Washington was prodigal of himself ; he was considerate 
 for others, ever parsimonious of the blood of his countrymen." 
 
 — Bancroft, 
 
 December 28, 1776. 
 
 Washington writes: '' If the militia of New Jersey will lend 
 a hand, I hope and expect to rescue their country." 
 
 '* Washington knew no other aim than the good of his coun- 
 try, and in the hour of his country's poverty he refused all 
 
 personal emolument for his service." 
 
 — Bancroft. 
 
 December 29, 1778. 
 
 Battle at Savannah, Ga. 
 
 <■ ' We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, 
 
 and our sacred honor. ' ' 
 
 — -Jefferson, 
 
Deccmbct* 27* 
 
 December zS. 
 
 Oecembet* 29, 
 
Occctnbcr 30, 1776* 
 
 Washington repairs to Trenton. 
 
 Lord Howe offers pardon to all Americans who will return 
 to their homes. 
 
 ** God, who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time." 
 
 —Jefferson. 
 
 December 31,1 jj^. 
 
 Battle at Quebec, Canada. General Montgomery killed. 
 
 ** Brief, brave and glorious was his young career. 
 
 His mourners were two hosts — his friends and foes — 
 
 For he was Freedom's champion. 
 
 He had kept the whiteness of his soul, and thus men o'er 
 
 him wept." 
 
 — Anonymous. 
 
 Burning of Norfolk by the British. ; ^ 
 
December io. 
 
 December an 
 
The name of American which belongs to you, in your na- 
 tional capacity, must always exalt the just pride of Patriotism, 
 more than any appellation to be derived from any local dis- 
 criminations. The Independence and Liberty you possess are 
 the work of joint councils and joint efforts — of comm.on 
 dangers, sufferings and successes. 
 
 — Washington^ s Farewell Address.