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IC 9201 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 
 
 3</> 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 
 Metallic Mining Workforce 
 
 By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
Information Circular 9201 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 
 Metallic Mining Workforce 
 
 By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 T S Ary, Director 
 
•Uh- 
 
 no/ioo 
 
 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: 
 
 Butani, Shail J. 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 metallic mining workforce. 
 
 (Bureau of Mines information circular; 9201) 
 
 Bibliography: p. 7. 
 
 Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27:9201. 
 
 1. Miners— United States. I. Bartholomew, Ann M. II. Title. III. Title: Metallic 
 mining workforce. IV. Series: Information circular (United States. Bureau of 
 Mines); 9201. 
 
 TN295.U4 [HD8039.M62U617] 622 s [331.7'622'0973] 88-600278 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Abstract 1 
 
 Introduction 2 
 
 Acknowledgments 2 
 
 Survey methodology 2 
 
 Population 2 
 
 Sample 3 
 
 Data collection 3 
 
 Data coding, entering, and editing 3 
 
 Estimation procedures 3 
 
 Grouping of characteristics 4 
 
 Job title and principal equipment operated 4 
 
 Employment size class 4 
 
 Present job, present company, and total mining 
 
 experience 4 
 
 Job-related training during last 2 years 4 
 
 Age 4 
 
 Reliability of estimates 4 
 
 Validation of estimates 5 
 
 Page 
 
 Summary of major findings 5 
 
 Application of data for injury analyses 6 
 
 Recommendations for future work 7 
 
 References 7 
 
 Appendix A.— Metallic mining industry job title 
 
 grouping 8 
 
 Appendix B.— Metallic mining industry equipment 
 
 operated grouping 11 
 
 Appendix C— Estimation procedures 13 
 
 Appendix D.— Reliability of estimates: random group 
 
 variance technique 14 
 
 Appendix E.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates 15 
 Appendix F.— Mining industry population survey letters 
 
 and questionnaire 37 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 1. Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 
 
 2. Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex. 
 
 TABLES 
 
 1 . Population and injury statistics for 1986 metallic mining sector 2 
 
 Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates — 
 
 E-l . Job title, by employment size class 15 
 
 E-2. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 15 
 
 E-3. Work location at mine, by employment size class 16 
 
 E-4. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 16 
 
 E-5. Training received, by employment size class 17 
 
 E-6. Age distribution, by employment size class 17 
 
 E-7. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 17 
 
 E-8. Job title, by principal equipment operated 18 
 
 E-9. Job title, by work location at mine 19 
 
 E-10. Job title, by years of experience at job 20 
 
 E-l 1 . Job title, by years of experience at company 20 
 
 E-12. Job title, by years of mining experience 21 
 
 E-13. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 21 
 
 E-14. Job title, by years of age 22 
 
 E-15. Job title, by sex 22 
 
 E-16. Job title, by race 23 
 
 E-17. Job title, by education 23 
 
 E-18. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 24 
 
 E-19. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 24 
 
 E-20. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 25 
 
 E-21 . Principal equipment operated, by sex 25 
 
 E-22. Principal equipment operated, by race 26 
 
 E-23. Principal equipment operated, by education 26 
 
 E-24. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 27 
 
 E-25. Training received, by work location 27 
 
 E-26. Age distribution, by work location 28 
 
 E-27. Sex, race, and education, by work location 28 
 
 E-28. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 years 29 
 
11 
 
 TABLES — Continued 
 
 Page 
 
 E-29. Experience at job, by years of age 29 
 
 E-30. Experience at job, by sex 30 
 
 E-3 1 . Experience at job, by race 30 
 
 E-32. Experience at job, by education 30 
 
 E-33. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 31 
 
 E-34. Experience at company, by years of age 31 
 
 E-35. Experience at company, by sex 32 
 
 E-36. Experience at company, by race 32 
 
 E-37. Experience at company, by education 32 
 
 E-38. Age, by education 33 
 
 E-39. Age, race, and education, by sex 33 
 
 E-40. Age and education, by race 34 
 
 Number of workers and coefficient of variation — 
 
 E-41 . By employment size class 34 
 
 E-42. By job title 34 
 
 E-43 . By principal equipment operated 35 
 
 E-44. By work location 35 
 
 E-45. By experience at job, company, and mining 35 
 
 E-46. By training received 35 
 
 E-47. By age 36 
 
 E-48. By sex, race, and education 36 
 
 UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT 
 
 h 
 
 hour 
 
 pet 
 
 percent 
 
 yr 
 
 year 
 
 
 
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 METALLIC MINING WORKFORCE 
 
 By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 In 1986 the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining Industry Popula- 
 tion Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; principal equipment operated; 
 work location at the mine; present job, present company, and total mining experience; job-related 
 training during the last 2 years; age; sex; race; and education. The population estimates are necessary 
 to properly analyze the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness 
 and fatality data) statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations 
 in order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 
 
 This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. metallic mining workforce from 
 March through September 1986. Similar reports have been published for the stone, sand and gravel, 
 and nonmetallic mining industries, as well as for the entire metal and nonmetal mining (includes 
 metallic, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic industries) sector and the coal mining sector. 
 
 'Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 
 
 Statistical assistant. 
 
 Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) statistics 
 published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of 
 Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil and gas extrac- 
 tion) always has had one of the highest injury incidence rates among 
 the major industry divisions. One of the primary objectives of the 
 Bureau of Mines is to conduct research in the area of health and 
 safety of the nation's miners, aimed at reducing the incidence rate 
 of work-related injuries (includes illnesses and fatalities) in the 
 domestic mining industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence 
 rate, the Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations 
 of the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence rates. 
 
 To identify the high-risk groups, information about the injured 
 workers and about the entire workforce is required. Present regula- 
 tions permit MSHA to collect information on all mine injuries 
 requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base containing various 
 characteristics on the injured workforce is available. Since similar 
 information about the entire workforce was not available, the Bureau 
 conducted a probability sample survey called the Mining Industry 
 Population Survey (MIPS), also known as the demographics survey, 
 to collect the necessary data. The 1986 survey measured the follow- 
 ing characteristics: job title or occupation, principal equipment 
 operated, work location at mine, experience at present job, 
 experience at present company, total mining experience, job-related 
 training during the last 2 years, age, sex, race, and education. This 
 demographics survey provided information about the population at 
 risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous segments 
 of the population, as illustrated by the following example. 
 
 From MSHA's injury data base, it is known that 2,207 males 
 and 51 females working in the U.S. metallic mining industry were 
 injured in 1986. If information about the population at risk (i.e., 
 the number of male and female workers for the metallic mining 
 industry in 1986) is not known, then it is not valid to draw the 
 conclusion that male miners are at a much higher injury risk than 
 female miners. The estimates from the demographics survey show 
 that there were a total of 33,542 male workers and 2,255 female 
 workers (table E-15) employed in U.S. metallic mining in 1986. 
 Of these workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by occupation 
 
 or job title consists of 32,735 males and 1,182 females (table E-7). 
 The reason for excluding office Workers from the analysis is to 
 account for some of the obvious difference in job risk. It should 
 be noted that in the office worker category only 2 pet are males 
 and 48 pet are females (table E-15). The added information on the 
 population puts the injury statistics in a better perspective, as shown 
 in table 1. 
 
 Table 1.— Population and injury statistics for 
 1986 metallic mining sector 
 
 
 Population 
 statistics 
 
 
 Injury statistics 
 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Injuries 
 
 pet 
 
 Lost 
 
 workdays 
 
 pet 
 
 Male .... 
 Female . . 
 
 32,735 
 1,182 
 
 96.5 
 3.5 
 
 2,207 
 51 
 
 97.7 
 2.3 
 
 30,162 
 686 
 
 97.8 
 2.2 
 
 Total . . . 
 
 33,917 
 
 100.0 
 
 2,258 
 
 100.0 
 
 30,848 
 
 100.0 
 
 Since the difference between the distribution of workers and 
 injuries, as well as lost workdays, is relatively large, it would be 
 interesting to further investigate the source of variation. Could the 
 source of variation be job mix by sex? 
 
 Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
 reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That is, 
 the collected information will be used to compare and contrast the 
 demographics composition of the hazardous groups with those of 
 the safer groups. Thus, through present research, the differences 
 and similarities between the two groups can be defined. 
 
 The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. metallic mining 
 population estimates for March through September 1986 by various 
 characteristics. This information is essential to performing the injury 
 data analysis that is the ultimate goal of the survey. 
 
 In addition to this report, there are three companion reports 
 {1-3Y covering the stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic mining 
 industries. Summary reports have been published for the entire metal 
 and nonmetal mining industry (4) and the coal mining industry (5). 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of Labor, 
 MSHA, for submitting the MIPS justification package to the Office 
 of Management and Budget for its clearance to collect the data. 
 Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public affairs specialist, Office 
 
 of Information and Public Affairs, MSHA, for initiating the study, 
 and to Edwin Thomasson, research liaison officer. Technical 
 Support, MSHA, for his continuous effort and support. 
 
 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 
 
 POPULATION 
 
 The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite coal 
 (SIC 111), 4 bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 101-106, 109, 
 281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and gravel (SIC 144), 
 and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 299) mining industries 
 of the United States during the period March through September 
 1986. This report gives estimates only for the metallic mining sector. 
 
 The information pertaining to the mine employees included in 
 the survey was collected through the mine operators, because a com- 
 prehensive sampling frame (name and address file) of the workers 
 
 in mine establishments was not available, and cost considerations 
 prohibited the data collection through personal visits. The number 
 of universe units (establishments under MSHA's jurisdiction) 
 covered by the scope of this survey was approximately 18.350. with 
 a total employment level of about 350,000. The number of 
 establishments and employment for the metallic mining was about 
 
 'Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding the 
 appendixes at the end of this report. 
 
 4 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the industry group 
 numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 
 
620 and 39,000, respectively. The scope of the data for the 
 employees covered by this survey is the same as that of the data 
 collected by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, 
 illnesses, and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
 employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics reported 
 on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 30 CFR 50). 
 
 SAMPLE 
 
 The principal feature of the survey sample design was its use 
 of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary sampling units 
 (first stage) were the mine establishments; the secondary sampling 
 units were employees within each of the chosen mine establishments. 
 The characteristics used to stratify the primary units were the 
 industry (anthracite coal, bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and 
 gravel, nonmetal); mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); 
 employment size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 
 500-999, 1,000 and above); and status code (active, intermittent). 
 Since the first three stratification characteristics are highly correlated 
 with the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
 stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample design 
 and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The fourth 
 characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonresponse adjust- 
 ment could be made within more homogenous groups. This is 
 desirable because proportionately higher numbers of nonmailable, 
 out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses are reported from inter- 
 mittent mine establishments than from active mine establishments. 
 
 The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
 preliminary address and employment file maintained by MSHA. 
 A probability sample of 220 metallic mining establishments from 
 a universe of 617 metallic mining establishments was selected by 
 stratifying the frame as previously described and using a systematic 
 sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. The 
 employees within an establishment were selected by using a 
 systematic sampling procedure with a common random start for 
 each employment size class. 
 
 A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. For 
 larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure placed all 
 of the establishments on the frame in the sample as primary sampling 
 units from which the employees were subsampled at a low frequency 
 rate. As employment size class decreased, smaller and smaller 
 proportions of the establishments were included as primary sampling 
 units, but the employees within the establishments were subsampled 
 at a higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
 employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
 inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. In 
 order to limit the response burden for any one establishment, a 
 maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment was selected. 
 
 businesses under construction); the remaining 176 returns were 
 within the scope of the survey (i.e., nonrespondents, usables, 
 refusals, and unusables). Of the 176 in-scope records, 138 were 
 usables. Thus, the survey achieved a usable response rate of 78 pet. 
 A brief description of the response terms follows: 
 
 Response code 
 
 Description 
 
 Nonrespondent Received no response from the 
 
 establishment. 
 Usable Establishment provided usable 
 
 data. 
 Refusal Establishment refused to provide 
 
 any data. 
 Unusable Establishment provided data that 
 
 were not in usable format. 
 Nonmailable Establishment's address was 
 
 either insufficient or wrong. 
 Duplicate Data were combined with another 
 
 establishment's data. 
 Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 
 
 closed. 
 New business Establishment was in development 
 
 stage. 
 Temporary inactive .... Establishment was temporarily 
 
 not operating. 
 
 As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
 reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of the 
 data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents were 
 called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respondents that 
 had initially refused to participate in the survey were contacted by 
 phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respondents ultimately 
 supplied data. Adjustments for those mine establishments that did 
 not supply the data, or supplied partial data, are explained in the 
 "Estimation Procedures" section and in appendix C. 
 
 DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 
 
 The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and editing 
 process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differences among 
 the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure consistency of coding 
 among the individual worker entries, (3) ensure the accuracy of 
 the data entry, and (4) ensure compatibility of occupation and equip- 
 ment coding with the MSHA injury data base. 
 
 ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 DATA COLLECTION 
 
 The MIPS was conducted from March through September 1986 
 by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities (MN) 
 Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, followup 
 letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of Management and 
 Budget clearance number authorizing collection of the data are 
 included in appendix F. 
 
 The response status for the metallic mining sector from the 
 original and followup mailings, as well as from telephone calls to 
 the nonrespondents, is summarized here. From a total population 
 of 617 metallic mining establishments, the survey sampled 220 
 operations. The overall response and rate were 211 and 96 pet, 
 respectively. There were 44 out-of-scope returns (i.e., out of 
 businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new 
 
 In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled with 
 the same sampling ratio. To derive the population estimates, the 
 sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse of the sampling 
 ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the data for this 
 demographics study were collected using a complex survey design. 
 Hence, the data for each worker, the ultimate sampling unit, were 
 not equally weighted. Instead, the population estimates were derived 
 by weighting data for each worker with the appropriate final weight 
 of the data, which was the product of the following three factors: 
 (1) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling 
 unit (establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
 factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum and 
 assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to account 
 for those establishments in that stratum that did not respond; and 
 (3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the secondary 
 sampling units (workers) were selected. A detailed discussion of 
 
the different weights and estimation formulas are given in 
 appendix C. In statistical terms, the survey's estimates of the popula- 
 tion total were based on a Horvitz-Thompson estimator (6). 
 
 No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That is, the 
 characteristics that were left blank by the respondents were coded 
 as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by their appropriate 
 final weight in computing the population estimates. The percentage 
 unspecified for a particular characteristic gives the user an indica- 
 tion of the completeness of the schedules. 
 
 GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 
 
 The original data base has detailed data for the characteristics 
 mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the detailed data 
 were combined into groups. Please contact the authors to obtain 
 detailed data or a different grouping of the data for any or all of 
 the characteristics. 
 
 Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 
 
 Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each of 
 these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries were 
 combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title or 
 principal equipment operated and number of workers in each entry 
 were two of the main criteria used in forming the groups. 
 
 Employment Size Class 
 
 The classes used for this characteristic are the standard size 
 class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very few mines 
 for the size class having 1,000 or more employees, the estimates 
 for this class were computed separately and then were combined 
 with the estimates for employment size class 500 through 999 in 
 order to protect the confidentiality of the mines as well as the 
 workers. The combined size class is labeled as 500 + . 
 
 Present Job, Present Company, and 
 Total Mining Experience 
 
 The data for all three of these characteristics were coded only 
 as the number of years. It was felt that data were not reliable enough 
 to be accurate to the month. The groupings were formed to be as 
 compatible as possible to the groupings used by MSHA for its injury 
 statistics. 
 
 Job-Related Training During Last 2 Years 
 
 The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect the 
 definite and logical intervals that various mine operators employ 
 and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. The most 
 frequently reported number was 16 h for training during the last 
 2 years; this is because MSHA requires a minimum training of 
 8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are interested in know- 
 ing the percent of workers who receive no training. Hence, both 
 and 16 h were categorized separately. 
 
 Age 
 
 The groupings for age were formed to be about the same as 
 what MSHA uses for its injury statistics. 
 
 RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 
 
 As stated in reference 7: 
 
 All estimates derived from a sample survey are subject 
 to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling errors occur 
 because observations are made on a sample, not on the entire 
 population. Estimates based on the different possible samples 
 of the same size and sample design could differ. Nonsampling 
 errors in the estimates can be attributed to many sources, 
 e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the 
 sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
 difficulties, etc. 
 
 Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a sample 
 survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms underwent a 
 very comprehensive review and edit process. This was primarily 
 done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 
 
 In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation (CV's), 
 which are a measure of the sampling errors in the estimates, can 
 be estimated from the survey data. CV's were calculated for the 
 basic characteristics as part of the survey estimation process; these 
 CV's as well as the corresponding estimates for number of workers 
 are given in tables E-41 through E-48. The CV's for other estimates 
 can also be derived if requested. The methodology used to compute 
 the estimated CV's is given below. 
 
 By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to the 
 standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the estimate 
 (8). In other words, it is a measure of relative variation. Because 
 the survey data will be used by numerous researchers to measure 
 different statistics (e.g., totals, means, medians, percentages) by 
 various cross-classification categories, it was not feasible to use 
 the exact formula for the standard error estimates. Hence, a 
 generalized formula that approximated the exact formula and that 
 was easy to implement for computing all the standard error estimates 
 was developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
 complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard deviation, 
 and standard error estimates computed by the software packages 
 are no longer valid because they are based on simple random sample 
 design. The reliability measures for this survey were computed by 
 employing a random group variance technique. A brief descrip- 
 tion of it is given in appendix D and a detailed discussion is given 
 in reference 9. 
 
 The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this report 
 is to define the confidence interval or range that would include the 
 comparable complete coverage value. For example, the total number 
 of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 metallic mining industry 
 was 2, 184 (table E-l and E-42) with a CV of 3.6 pet (table E^2) 
 with a CV of 8.4 pet (table E-42). Based on this information, the 
 standard error on the total number of truck drivers is 1 83 (estimate 
 X CV = 2,184 x 0.084) and the 95-pct confidence interval is 1.818 
 to 2,550 (2,184 ± 2 x 183). This means that with 95 pet con- 
 fidence, it can be said that the interval 1 ,818 to 2,550 includes the 
 total number of truck drivers in the stone mining industry that would 
 have been obtained from a census of the frame. 
 
 In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger the 
 variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the nonresponse. 
 the less reliable the estimate may be. As mentioned earlier, 
 nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling error. This error 
 occurred more frequendy for estimates of job-related training during 
 the last 2 years and total mine experience than for other variables 
 because conceptually these variables are harder to report. Moreover, 
 it is possible that the training estimates might be somewhat biased 
 because many respondents filled in 16 h, the minimum number of 
 hours required by MSHA over a 2-year period. 
 
VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 
 
 Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
 accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry specialists. 
 Additionally, the total employment for each industry was compared 
 to an independent census conducted by MSHA, the results of which 
 are reported in references 10 through 14. The injury experience 
 reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality data reported to MSHA 
 on form 7000-1 and employment data reported on form 7000-2. 
 While the data base used to compile the statistics for these reports 
 contains detailed information for the injured victims, it does not 
 contain similar information for the entire workforce. The breakdown 
 of total employment is available only by type of ore mined, employ- 
 ment size class, and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted 
 so that MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 
 
 The data show that the overall employment figures from the 
 two sources differed about 9 pet for the metallic mining industry, 
 with the MSHA figures being higher than those of the demographic 
 survey. The difference in the estimates is caused in part by 
 differences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and 
 methodology as explained below for data comparison by employ- 
 ment size class and by work location. 
 
 When comparing distribution of workers by employment size 
 class, the differences between the data of the total row of table E-l 
 of this report and MSHA data as stated in table 4 of reference 10 
 are substantial. This is mainly due to the differences in definition 
 and methodology. The MIPS classification is based on total employ- 
 ment of an establishment as it existed when the respondents filled 
 out the questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 
 basis, and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to be 
 broken into a maximum of four different work locations; hence, 
 each establishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 
 
 Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 
 according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
 employment of four quarters and not on the total employment of 
 
 an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For example, if 
 an establishment's annual average employment is 60, but the 
 employment for the primary subunit, say underground, is 15, then 
 the establishment per MSHA's methodology is classified in size 
 class 1 through 19, whereas according to the MIPS procedure it 
 is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this reason the average 
 employment per operation as stated in table 4 of reference 10 is 
 4.3 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that MSHA classification 
 overestimates the employment in smaller size classes. 
 
 In view of the above, the injury data as published in reference 
 10 by size class should not be analyzed against the MIPS employ- 
 ment size class data. Instead, the analyst needs to retabulate the 
 MSHA injury data from the original data tapes so that the size class 
 definition corresponds to the MIPS. 
 
 Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
 figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
 primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment reported 
 to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for each work loca- 
 tion (maximum of four). Generally, this type of reporting results 
 in gross approximations in the breakdown of variables such as 
 employment. For the MIPS data, the work location was reported 
 for each worker in the sample, in the same manner as it is reported 
 to MSHA on form 7000-1 for each injured worker. It should be 
 noted that the data on work location for individual workers is known 
 with more specificity than for the whole population. Hence, it is 
 appropriate to analyze the survey work location data with MSHA 
 injury statistics. 
 
 Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
 estimates is due to the job tide category of office workers. The MIPS 
 underestimated the number of employees in this category because 
 many respondents assumed that these workers very seldom incur 
 injuries and therefore were not to be reported. For the purposes 
 of injury analysis, the office workers are to be excluded because 
 of some of the obvious difference in the injury risk. Hence, the 
 difference in counts of office workers does not make any difference. 
 
 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 
 
 The findings of the survey by various cross-classifications are 
 given as estimates in tables E-l through E-40; tables E-41 through 
 E-48 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and a 
 detailed discussion of their use is given in the "Reliability of 
 Estimates" section. If desired, the estimates by some other 
 classification criteria including more detailed estimates (e.g., 
 distribution of workers by age and experience at present company 
 working at the plant or mill location) can be derived from the original 
 data base. The following findings are based on the data for the entire 
 1986 metallic mining workforce. 
 
 • The total estimated workforce for 1986 was approximately 
 35,900 (table E-l). The data in table E-l also indicate that 
 only 10 pet of the workforce was employed in establishments 
 with 49 or less employees, 27 pet in establishments with 
 50-249 employees, and 63 pet in establishments with greater 
 than 249 employees. That is, the bulk of the employment 
 was in larger establishments. 
 
 • Distribution of workers by work title varied greatly according 
 to the employment size class (table E-l). This was especially 
 true for the grouping manager-foreman-supervisor (general). 
 In the employment size class 1-19, this category was 13 pet; 
 however, in the size class 500+ , it was 2 pet. 
 
 • Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist was the largest category 
 of workers, with 22 pet employment; plant operator- 
 warehouseman made up another 15 pet; the laborer-miner- 
 utility man category was 12 pet; and mine technical support, 
 1 1 pet (table E-l). Each of the remaining occupation group- 
 ings had fewer than 7 pet of the employees. 
 
 • The distribution of workers by work location was under- 
 ground mine, 14 pet; surface at underground mine, 5 pet; 
 surface mine, 31 pet; plant or mill, 42 pet; and office 9 pet 
 (table E-3). The distribution of workers by work location 
 also varied greatly across size class. 
 
 • Mean hours of training during the last 2 years was highest 
 (68 h) for driller-rock bolter category (table E-l 3). 
 
 • Of the female employees, 48 pet had the job title category 
 office worker, compared with 2 pet of the males (table E-15). 
 
 The following findings are based on metallic mining data that 
 exclude the job title category of office worker. 
 
 • The largest category of equipment operated was handtools 
 (powered and nonpowered) with 23 pet of the employment 
 (table E-2). This category was followed by categories none 
 and plant equipment, with 18 and 12 pet, respectively. 
 
95 pet 
 
 g, pct 92 pet 93 P ct 
 
 89 pct 
 
 80 pct 
 
 70 pct 
 
 15-23 
 
 27-29 30-34 35-39 
 
 AGE, yr 
 
 50+ 
 
 Figure 1.— Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with 
 at least a high school diploma, by age (excluding job title category 
 of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
 unspecified. 
 
 84 pct 
 
 87 pct 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MALE 
 
 FEMALE 
 
 Figure 2.— Percentage of 1986 metallic mining workforce with 
 at least a high school diploma, by sex (excluding job title category 
 of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
 unspecified. 
 
 The median experience at present job, present company, and 
 
 total mining were 6, 10, and 12 years, respectively (table 
 
 E-4). 
 
 Mean job-related training during the last 2 years was 43 h 
 
 (table E-5). 
 
 Mean age was 40 years across all size classes (table E-6). 
 
 Males made up 97 pct of the workforce (table E-7). Note 
 
 that the 97-pct figure excludes the unspecified category. 
 
 Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 85, 2, and 10 pct, 
 
 respectively, of the workforce (table E-7). The remaining 
 
 3 pct workers belonged either to another race or were 
 
 unspecified. 
 
 Of those workers whose education was specified, 84 pct had 
 
 a high school or better education (table E-7) . Note that this 
 
 figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers in the 
 
 categories high school diploma, vocational diploma, some 
 
 college, and college degree, and (2) dividing this sum by 
 
 the total number of workers minus the workers in the 
 
 unspecified category. In this case, it is 27,480 divided by 
 
 32,812. 
 
 The distribution of workers by equipment operated varied 
 considerably between males and females. This was especially 
 true for the principal equipment categories handtools 
 (powered and nonpowered), scale-lab equipment-controls, 
 and none (table E-21). For example, scale-lab equipment- 
 controls was the principal equipment operated by 26 pct of 
 the females compared with 4 pct for males. Handtools was 
 the largest principal equipment operated category for males 
 (24 pct) but for females this category was 2 pct. 
 Education and median experience at the present company 
 were inversely related (table E-37); that is. on the average, 
 the less educated the person was, the longer he or she was 
 employed at the company. 
 
 There was a higher percentage of employees with at least 
 a high school education under the age of 40 than there were 
 of age 40 and over (table E-38 and figure 1); education 
 categorized by sex (table E-39) is shown in figure 2. 
 
 APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 
 
 The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis for— 
 
 1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA metallic mining injury statistics 
 and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting higher or lower than 
 average injury rates. 
 
 2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic location 
 such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or States, 
 and performing injury data analyses. 
 
 3. Producing some selected estimates by SIC codes such as 
 iron, copper, lead-zinc, etc., and performing injury data analyses. 
 
 4. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that would 
 be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, especially 
 in the area of targeting injury prevention and training efforts. 
 
 The results from these analyses, which encompass all facets 
 of mining operations, can help identify areas where research efforts 
 should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety improvements, thus 
 preventing creation of unnecessary regulations or crash research 
 programs that tend to waste funds. 
 
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 
 
 1 . After the injury analyses are performed, and the hazardous 
 areas or subpopulations have been identified, it would be desirable 
 to further investigate their problems and needs. This can be 
 accomplished by conducting some special surveys such as an equip- 
 ment use survey, maintenance-related work survey, small mines 
 survey, etc. 
 
 2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses period- 
 ically, say every 3 to 5 years, in order to study the changing mining 
 
 environment and its impact on mining safety and productivity. When 
 the survey is repeated, it is recommended that modifications be made 
 to the questionnaire to reflect new needs. It is also recommended 
 that the collection of total mine experience and job-related training 
 data be eliminated, since these variables are conceptually very hard 
 to measure. Also, the variables experience on the job and experience 
 with the company should be measured in years only. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 1. Butani, S. J., and A. M. Bartholomew. Characterization of the 1986 
 Stone Mining Workforce. BuMines IC 9202, 1988, in press. 
 
 2. . Characterization of the 1986 Sand and Gravel Mining 
 
 Workforce. BuMines IC 9203, 1988, in press. 
 
 3. . Characterization of the 1986 Nonmetallic Mining Workforce. 
 
 BuMines IC 9204, 1988, in press. 
 
 4. . Characterization of the 1986 Metal and Nonmetal Mining 
 
 Workforce. BuMines IC 9193, 1988, 60 pp. 
 
 5. . Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce. 
 
 BuMines IC 9192, 1988, 67 pp. 
 
 6. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 429 pp. 
 
 7. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Illnesses in the United 
 States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 
 
 8. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample Survey 
 Methods and Theory. Wiley, v. 1, 1953, 638 pp. 
 
 9. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- Verlag, 
 1985, 440 pp. 
 
 10. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience in 
 Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 
 
 11. . Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 
 
 1987, 450 pp. 
 
 12. . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 
 
 Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 
 
 13. . Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 
 
 1159, 1987, 291 pp. 
 
 14. . Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 
 
 1987, 390 pp. 
 
APPENDIX A.— METALLIC MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 
 
 Description Job title code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 778, 387 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 601, 1012, 996 
 
 Blaster 807 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 768, 985 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 
 
 Electrician-lampman 402, 602, 603, 385 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 382, 782, 825, 389 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 375, 775, 957 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 36, 38, 39, 45, 57, 58, 59, 158, 216, 224, 327, 
 
 386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 874, 997, 1013, 1055 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 
 
 Maintenance 418 
 
 Working 749 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 
 
 Mine technical support 320, 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 464, 495, 593, 594, 920, 921, 
 
 930, 965, 998, 1014 
 
 Office worker 497 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 390, 392, 1022 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 
 
 Truck driver 376, 776 
 
 Code Description 
 
 28 Scoop tram operator 
 
 29 Mucking machine operator 
 
 33 Driller helper, underground 
 
 34 Exploration driller, underground 
 
 Longhole driller, underground 
 
 Prospect driller, underground 
 
 Diamond driller, underground 
 
 36 Continuous miner operator 
 
 38 Cutting machine operator 
 
 39 Hand loader 
 
 Trammer 
 45 Hangup man 
 
 Rockman 
 
 Raise blaster 
 
 Chute blaster 
 
 Rock handler 
 46 Pinner 
 
 Truss bolter 
 
 Rock bolter 
 
 Roof trimmer 
 
 Roof man 
 
 Scaler operator 
 
 Roof bolter 
 53 Nipper 
 
 Utility man 
 
 57 Stope miner 
 
 58 DXC miner 
 
 Drift miner 
 
 59 Raise miner 
 
 158 Rock machine operator, underground 
 
 216 Trackman 
 
 224 Trainees, underground 
 
 Code Description 
 
 269 Chute puller, underground 
 
 Locomotive operator 
 
 Car loader underground 
 
 Whistle punk, underground 
 316 Service truck operator 
 
 Laborer 
 
 Track gang, surface 
 
 Surface worker 
 
 Utility man, surface 
 
 Pumper, surface 
 
 Tamping machine operator 
 320 Cage attendant, surface 
 
 Aerial tram— outside only 
 
 327 Surface miner 
 
 333 Driller helper 
 
 334 Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 
 
 Wagon drill operator, surface 
 
 Churn driller, surface 
 
 Rotary drill operator 
 
 JP drill operator, surface 
 
 Air-track driller, outside only 
 367 Backhoe operator 
 
 Power shovel operator 
 
 Pitman 
 368 Dozer operator 
 
 Track operator helper, surface 
 
 Tractor operator, surface 
 372 Deckhand 
 
 Dredge operator 
 
 Barge attendant 
 
 Barge loader 
 
 Boat operator 
 
Code Description 
 
 373 Car dropper 
 
 374 Storekeeper 
 
 Blunger 
 
 Process operator 
 
 Sandbox operator 
 
 Mill operator 
 
 Reagent operator 
 
 Car loader, surface 
 
 Warehouseman 
 
 Shipping 
 
 Media operator 
 
 Breakerman 
 
 Crusher operator 
 
 Sewing machine operator 
 
 Boney preparation plant operator 
 
 Packaging 
 
 Cleaning plant operator 
 
 Truck loader 
 
 Bagger-baler 
 
 Preparation plant operator 
 
 Cobber 
 
 375 Grader operator, surface 
 
 376 Truck driver, surface 
 
 378 Dragline operator 
 
 Dropball operator 
 
 Crane operator, surface 
 379 Kiln operator 
 
 Calciner 
 
 Dryer operator 
 
 380 Fine coal plant operator 
 
 382 Loader operator 
 
 Front-end loader operator, surface 
 
 Pan operator 
 
 Scraper operator 
 
 Highlift operator 
 
 Payloader operator 
 
 385 Lampman 
 
 386 Refuse truck driver 
 
 387 Rotary bucket excavator operator 
 
 388 Separator operator 
 
 Scalper 
 
 Shaker operator 
 
 Screen operator 
 
 389 Forklift operator 
 
 390 Silo operator 
 
 392 Washery operator 
 
 Topman 
 
 Skip dumper 
 
 Binman 
 
 Scrubber operator 
 
 Tipple operator-attendant 
 393 Scaleperson 
 
 Weighman-weighmaster 
 
 394 Carpenter 
 
 395 Water truck operator 
 
 396 Watchman 
 
 Security guard 
 
 402 Master electrician 
 
 404 Master mechanic 
 
 Code Description 
 
 414 Laboratory assistant 
 
 Analyst 
 
 Laboratory technician 
 
 Laboratory supervisor 
 
 Quality control 
 
 Dust sampler 
 
 Emission control specialist 
 418 Maintenance supervisor 
 
 Maintenance foreman 
 
 423 Surveyor 
 
 430 Assistant mine manager 
 
 Assistant mine foreman-vice president 
 449 Mine owner 
 
 Assayers 
 
 President 
 
 General foreman 
 
 Mine manager 
 
 Mine foreman 
 456 Engineer 
 
 Metallurgist-geologist 
 
 Chemist 
 
 464 Inspector 
 
 481 Superintendents 
 
 Project managers 
 
 Coordinators 
 
 Supervisors 
 
 489 Outside foreman 
 
 494 Plant manager 
 
 Mill manager 
 
 Plant foreman 
 
 Mill foreman 
 495 Safety coordinator 
 
 Safety manager 
 
 Safety director 
 
 Environmental coordinator 
 
 Safety engineer 
 497 Office help 
 
 Computer operator 
 
 Controller 
 
 Clerk 
 
 593 Nurse 
 
 594 Training specialist 
 
 601 Conveyor man 
 
 Belt walker 
 
 Belt installer 
 
 Tunnel worker 
 
 Tailpiece man 
 
 Belt mover 
 
 Mobile bridge carrierman 
 
 Beltman 
 602 Lineman 
 
 Electrician 
 603 Electrician helper 
 
10 
 
 Code Description 
 
 604 Fueler 
 
 Boilermaker 
 
 Plumber 
 
 Pipefitter 
 
 Boiler operator 
 
 Pipe man 
 
 Boiler trainee 
 
 Mechanic 
 
 Repairman 
 
 Mill wright 
 
 605 Mechanic helper 
 
 608 Mason 
 
 609 Supplyman 
 
 Material man 
 616 Rock picker 
 
 Parts runner 
 
 Groundman 
 
 Unit helper 
 
 Bathhouse attendant 
 
 Pointman 
 
 Laborer 
 
 Slate picker 
 
 Roustabout 
 
 Extra man 
 624 Trainees 
 
 Apprentice 
 663 Ledgeman 
 
 Quarry man 
 
 Miner, not elsewhere classified 
 
 Shaft miner 
 
 Probeman 
 710 Propman 
 
 Timberman 
 716 Cement man 
 
 Form man 
 
 Grizzly tender 
 728 Gizmo operator 
 
 Load-haul-dump operator, underground 
 749 Shift boss 
 
 Foreman-leadman 
 
 Bullgang foreman 
 
 Labor foreman 
 
 Section boss-foreman 
 
 768 Heavy equipment operator 
 
 775 Grader operator, underground 
 
 776 Truck driver, underground 
 
 778 Cherry picker 
 
 Crane operator, underground 
 
 Dragline operator, underground 
 
 Backhoe operator, underground 
 
 Gradall operator 
 782 Front-end loader operator, underground 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 807 
 
 . .Chargeman 
 
 
 Shot firer 
 
 
 Powder man 
 
 
 Blaster 
 
 
 Airdox operator 
 
 
 Loading hole shooter 
 
 
 Powder monkey 
 
 825 
 
 . .Bobcat operator 
 
 850 
 
 . . Ramcar operator 
 
 
 Shuttle car operator 
 
 
 Buggy operator 
 
 874 
 
 . Mine equipment operator 
 
 920 
 
 . .Cager 
 
 921 
 
 . Hoist operator 
 
 
 Hoist engineer 
 
 
 Shaftman 
 
 930 
 
 Skip tender 
 
 957 
 
 . . Scraper operator 
 
 962 
 
 . .Car runner, surface 
 
 
 Trip rider 
 
 
 Brakeman 
 
 
 Flagman 
 
 
 Car rider 
 
 
 Conductor 
 
 965 
 
 . Dispatcher 
 
 969 
 
 . .Swamper 
 
 
 Motorman 
 
 
 Switchman 
 
 985 
 
 . .Heavy equipment operator, surface 
 
 
 Mobile equipment operator, surface 
 
 996 
 
 . Feeder man 
 
 997 
 
 . General or many equipment operator 
 
 998 
 
 . Janitor 
 
 
 Bag stenciler 
 
 
 Prospector 
 
 
 Painter 
 
 1012.. 
 
 . . Belt repairman 
 
 
 Belt vulcanizer 
 
 1013.. 
 
 . .Cleanup man 
 
 1014.. 
 
 . .Sampler 
 
 1018.. 
 
 . . Lube man 
 
 
 Greaser-oiler 
 
 1019.. 
 
 . .Welder 
 
 1022 . . 
 
 . Dump man 
 
 
 Dump operator 
 
 1055.. 
 
 . .Chainman 
 
 1056.. 
 
 . . Rock driller 
 
 1060.. 
 
 . . Machinist 
 
 
 Shopman 
 
 
 Shop foreman 
 
 
 Bit sharpener 
 
11 
 
 APPENDIX B.— METALLIC MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED GROUPING 
 
 Description Equipment code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 
 
 Belt 13, 96 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 53, 54, 49 
 
 Drill (surface) 9 
 
 Explosives 47 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 
 
 Grader-scraper 52, 57 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 
 
 Hoist-elevator 30, 19, 38 
 
 Many equipment 97 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 95, 12, 16 
 
 Plant equipment 40, 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 39, 46, 51, 58, 69, 82, 83 
 
 Pump 48 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 61, 34, 33, 41, 42, 43, 65 
 
 Truck (haulage) 44, 45 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 
 
 None 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 
 
 Unspecified 99 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 None 
 
 5 Drill press 
 
 Bench grinder 
 
 Lathe 
 7 Boats 
 
 Barges 
 
 Water transportation 
 8 Bulldozer 
 
 Dozer 
 
 Crawler tractor 
 9 Carriage mounted drill 
 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 Churn drill 
 
 Rotary drill 
 
 Jet piercing drill 
 
 Airtrack compressor drill 
 10 Chute 
 
 Airslide 
 11 Classifier 
 
 Cyclones 
 12 Continuous miner 
 
 Dosco miner 
 13 Belt feeder 
 
 Mobile bridge carrier 
 
 Conveyor 
 
 All types belts 
 14 Cherry picker 
 
 Basket scaler 
 
 Scaling machine 
 
 Rock or dropball 
 
 Boom hoist 
 
 Derrick 
 
 Crane 
 
 Gantry 
 
 Code Description 
 
 15 Breaker 
 
 Crusher 
 16 Cutting machines 
 
 Undercutter 
 
 Chain cutter 
 
 18 Dredge 
 
 19 Elevator 
 
 Buckets 
 
 Cage 
 
 Skip 
 22 Precipitator heavy media bath 
 
 Filters 
 
 Flotation machines 
 
 23 Forklift 
 
 24 Highlift 
 
 Skip tender 
 
 Front-end loader 
 
 Payloader 
 
 26 Grizzlies 
 
 28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 
 
 Ram jack 
 30 Hoist 
 
 Car dropper 
 
 Hydraulic jack 
 
 32 Impactor 
 
 33 Scoop tram 
 
 Unitrac 
 
 Load-haul-dump 
 
 Teletram car 
 
 Bobcat, underground 
 34 Locomotive 
 
 Trammer 
 
 Tow-motor 
 
 Lorry car 
 
 Rail-mounted locomotive 
 
12 
 
 Code Description 
 
 37 Porta bus 
 
 Mancar 
 
 Golf cart 
 
 Mantrip 
 
 Rail runner 
 
 Rail rover 
 
 Personnel carrier 
 
 Boss buggy 
 
 Jeep 
 38 Man lift 
 
 Scaling rig 
 39 Grinding mills 
 
 Ball or rod mills 
 40 Milling machinery 
 
 Block press 
 
 General plant equipment 
 41 Nipper truck, underground 
 
 Mine car, underground 
 
 Underground flatcar 
 
 Timber truck, underground 
 42 Mine car, surface 
 
 Ore-coal car, surface 
 
 Boxcar, surface 
 
 Hopper car, surface 
 43 Mucking machine 
 
 Overshot loader 
 
 44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 
 
 45 Payloader ore haulage, onhighway 
 
 46 Bagger 
 
 Sewing machine 
 
 Packaging machine 
 47 Pneumatic blast agent loader 
 
 Pop shooter 
 
 Driller loader 
 
 Prill loader 
 
 Powder buggy 
 
 Explosives 
 
 48 Pump 
 
 49 Raise borer 
 
 51 Raw coal storage 
 
 Tipple 
 
 Dump bins 
 52 Roadgrader 
 
 Motor grader 
 
 Motor patrol 
 53 Jackleg 
 
 Drifter drill 
 
 Airleg 
 
 Diamond drill 
 
 Track drill 
 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 Rock drill 
 
 Buzzy drill 
 
 Jackhammer 
 
 Hydraulic drill 
 
 Stoper drill 
 
 Code Description 
 
 54 Pinner 
 
 Roof bolting machine 
 57 Pan scraper 
 
 Scoop, surface 
 
 Self-loading scraper 
 
 Tractor scraper 
 
 Scraper loader 
 58 Shaker 
 
 Vibrator 
 
 Screen 
 60 Dragline 
 
 Dragline bucket 
 
 Backhoe 
 
 Power shovel 
 
 Clamshell 
 61 Buggy 
 
 Shuttle car 
 
 Ram car 
 65 Track maintenance 
 
 Track repair equipment 
 66 Tractor, underground 
 
 Elkhorn 
 
 Supply car 
 67 Trash truck 
 
 Service truck 
 
 Utility truck 
 
 Water truck 
 
 Dump truck 
 
 Pickup truck 
 68 Tugger 
 
 Air winch 
 
 69 Washers 
 
 70 Welding machine 
 
 Torch 
 71 Machines, not elsewhere classified 
 
 Rock rake 
 
 Drilling rigs 
 
 Impact roller 
 
 80 Lab equipment 
 
 81 Rigs, not elsewhere classified 
 
 82 Boilers 
 
 83 Furnaces 
 
 Calciners 
 
 Kilns 
 
 Dryers 
 85 Heavy equipment 
 
 Mobile equipment 
 
 88 Diesels 
 
 91 Controls 
 
 Consoles 
 
 92 Scales 
 
 95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 
 
 96 Feeders 
 
 97 Many-all types of equipment 
 
 98 Not elsewhere classified 
 
 99 Not specified 
 
13 
 
 APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 Establishment weight. —Suppose one out of every five mine 
 establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine type-employ- 
 ment size class-status) was selected. Then, the sampling ratio is 
 1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 5.00, the inverse of 
 the sampling ratio. 
 
 Nonresponse adjustment factor.— Also suppose in a given 
 sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were within the 
 scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonresponse adjustment 
 factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 
 
 Worker weight.— Additionally, there was the sampling ratio 
 with which the workers in the establishment were sampled; the 
 worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1.00 to 30.00 (see the first 
 page of the MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoretically, all 
 the workers in a sampling stratum should have had the same weight. 
 Hence, there would have been no need to assign weight at the worker 
 level, as the worker weight could have been incorporated into the 
 establishment weight. In practice, however, this is seldom the case 
 because for a few establishments the employment level changes from 
 what it was on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data 
 collection. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
 employment size class that they were sampled in, it was necessary 
 to also assign each worker a weight. 
 
 Final weight.— For the purpose of computing the estimates, 
 each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT) which was the 
 product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse adjustment 
 factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). That is, FWT = 
 EWT X NRAF X WWT. 
 
 Estimates of number of workers. —The estimates of the total 
 number of workers were computed by (1) summing the final weights 
 over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding the sum to the nearest 
 integer. 
 
 Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers: 
 
 1. Compute x = I FWT;. 
 
 ieD 
 Where the domain, D, was the set of all records 
 (workers) that had an occupation code of truck 
 driver. 
 
 2. Compute y = round (x). 
 
 Estimates of mean. —The estimates of mean age (training) were 
 computed by summing over the appropriate domain ( 1 ) the product 
 of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final weights, and then 
 (3) dividing the sum of the products by the sum of the weights and 
 rounding the result to the nearest whole number. It should be noted 
 that for each domain only those entries where age (training) was 
 specified were included in the computation. 
 
 Example: To estimate the mean age of the truck drivers: 
 
 1. Compute x 
 
 2. Compute y = 
 
 I (Age; * FWT;). 
 
 i£D 
 
 I FWT,. 
 kD 
 
 Where domain, D, is the set of all records that 
 
 had an occupation code of truck driver with age 
 
 being specified. 
 
 3. Compute z = round (x/y). 
 Estimates of median. — The estimates of median job, company, 
 and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting over the domain 
 the records in ascending order of the experience for which the 
 median statistic was desired, (2) computing the total number of 
 workers (NW) in the domain by summing the final weights, and 
 (3) selecting the experience corresponding to the middle worker(s) 
 in the ordering. That is, if NW is an odd number, then the median 
 experience is the experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th 
 worker in the ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median 
 experience is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the 
 experience corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
 worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the median 
 estimates also excluded those entries in the domain with unspecified 
 experience. 
 
14 
 
 APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 
 
 The random group method of variance estimation employed 
 in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using the same 
 sampling scheme for each sample as the parent sample. The primary 
 sampling units (establishments) were divided into two sets. The first 
 set consisted of noncertainty (probability of selection less than 1 .00) 
 primary sampling units sorted by their original industry-mine type- 
 employment size class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 
 and 8 was generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was 
 assigned to the random group j, the second to the random group 
 j + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
 sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
 number as the primary unit to which they belonged. The second 
 set consisted of all secondary sampling units belonging to the 
 certainty (probability of selection equal to 1.00) primary sampling 
 units. The secondary sampling units were sorted by the same scheme 
 as above, and a random integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was 
 generated. Then, the first secondary unit in the ordering was 
 assigned to the random group k, the second to the random group 
 k + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker 
 belonged to a random group. For a more detailed discussion of the 
 random group technique, the reader is referred to reference 9 of 
 the main text. 
 
 The following procedure was followed in computing the 
 estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient of 
 
 variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belonging to 
 a particular category. 
 
 1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 
 
 2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 6 t , for 
 each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
 group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
 group. 
 
 3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
 computed as 
 
 e = e, + e 2 + . . . + e 8 . 
 
 4. The mean number of workers per group was computed as 
 
 , 9 = 0/8. 
 
 5. The variance for was computed as 
 
 0) 2 
 
 var (0) = 8 I (0, 
 
 i = l 7 
 
 6. The standard error of was computed as 
 
 s(0) = ^ var (0). 
 
 7. The CV for was computed as 
 
 CV(0) = s(0) x 100.0. 
 
 
15 
 
 APPENDIX E.— METALLIC MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 
 
 Table E-1.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 
 
 Vf9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 
 
 9 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator . . 38 2 15 1 18 1 63 1 103 2 320 2 557 2 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 40 1 87 1 127 
 
 Blaster 46 1 93 2 50 189 1 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ...6 7 00 120 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 81 5 79 5 30 1 148 2 299 5 403 2 1 ,040 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 85 5 54 3 72 3 300 4 163 3 355 2 1,029 3 
 
 Electrician-lampman 47 3 17 1 70 3 197 3 208 4 1,125 7 1,663 5 
 
 Front-end loader-torklift operator 117 7 41 2 84 4 167 2 105 2 115 1 629 2 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 24 1 74 1 28 70 195 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 256 14 190 11 380 18 956 12 396 7 2,106 12 4,284 12 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 231 13 134 8 134 6 478 6 156 3 424 2 1,558 4 
 
 Maintenance 27 2 32 2 24 1 135 2 137 2 182 1 537 1 
 
 Working 37 2 135 8 102 5 394 5 247 4 960 6 1 ,874 5 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 220 12 224 13 416 20 1,342 17 1,344 24 4,311 25 7,857 22 
 
 Mine technical support 252 14 183 11 267 13 1,108 14 521 9 1,745 10 4,076 11 
 
 Office worker 118 7 123 7 118 6 548 7 246 4 733 4 1 ,886 5 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 158 9 352 21 243 12 1,045 14 842 15 2,635 15 5,275 15 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 32 2 23 1 225 3 41 1 647 4 968 3 
 
 Truck driver 68 4 92 5 122 6 483 6 620 11 800 5 2,184 6 
 
 Total 1,771 100 1,695 100 2,101 100 7,715 100 5,590 100 17,068 100 35,940 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-2.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by employment size class 2 
 
 ~~ ~ V19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 44 3 33 2 21 1 54 1 103 2 395 2 650 2 
 
 Belt 40 1 87 1 127 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 83 5 89 6 33 2 135 2 251 5 370 2 961 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 39 2 38 2 47 2 215 3 80 1 405 2 823 2 
 
 Drill (surface) 47 3 17 1 21 1 103 1 83 2 58 328 1 
 
 Explosives 46 1 79 1 50 175 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 135 8 83 5 122 6 194 3 257 5 212 1 1,003 3 
 
 Grader-scraper 24 2 74 1 28 1 70 195 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .. . 190 11 220 14 337 17 1,454 20 1,315 25 4,372 27 7,888 23 
 
 Hoist-elevator 35 2 41 2 120 2 25 221 1 
 
 Many equipment 146 9 37 2 173 9 78 1 48 1 84 1 567 2 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 74 4 145 9 93 5 628 9 185 3 1,247 8 2,371 7 
 
 Plant equipment 172 10 274 17 216 11 893 12 623 12 1,857 11 4,036 12 
 
 Pump 6 54 3 57 3 23 55 195 1 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 53 3 92 6 114 6 410 6 186 3 919 6 1,772 5 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 32 2 8 191 3 41 1 779 5 1,050 3 
 
 Truck (haulage) 78 5 97 6 135 7 498 7 634 12 858 5 2,299 7 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 48 3 22 1 25 1 111 2 146 3 727 4 1,080 3 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 77 5 24 2 89 4 174 2 237 4 1,031 6 1,632 5 
 
 None 355 21 309 20 362 18 1,704 24 997 19 2,485 15 6,212 18 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 42 3 13 1 83 4 6 10 140 1 294 1 
 
 Unspecified 9 57 1 108 1 174 1 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
16 
 
 Table E-3.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 
 
 ... . . " Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 
 
 Work location — 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Underground mine 397 22 102 6 582 28 1,801 23 320 6 1,778 10 4,980 14 
 
 Surface at underground mine 291 16 11 1 68 3 523 7 144 3 719 4 1,756 5 
 
 Surface mine 568 32 482 28 525 25 1,873 24 2,974 53 4,570 27 10,992 31 
 
 Plant or mill 361 20 902 53 780 37 2,593 34 1,703 30 8,787 51 15,126 42 
 
 Office 154 9 198 12 147 7 926 12 449 8 1,213 7 3,087 9 
 
 Total 1,771 100 1,695 100 2,101 100 7,715 100 5,590 100 17,068 100 35,940 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-4. — Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 
 
 ~ ! V19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 -r Total 
 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to <1 599 36 656 42 564 28 1,984 28 1,043 20 1,770 11 6,616 19 
 
 1< to <2 225 14 188 12 248 13 883 12 577 11 1,543 9 3,665 11 
 
 2< to «3 199 12 121 8 296 15 742 10 394 7 1,013 6 2,764 8 
 
 3< to <5 162 10 111 7 222 11 1,028 14 415 8 1,411 9 3,349 10 
 
 5<tO«10 202 12 212 14 283 14 1,627 23 1,531 29 4,368 27 8,223 24 
 
 10<to<20 148 9 115 7 204 10 841 12 583 11 4,601 28 6,492 19 
 
 20< 50 3 47 3 26 1 63 1 401 8 1,530 9 2,117 6 
 
 Unspecified 68 4 120 8 141 7 400 7 100 1 828 2 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 TOO 
 
 Median yr . . 2 NAp 2 NAp 3 NAp 3 NAp 6 NAp 8 NAp 6 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0<tO«1 503 30 568 36 333 17 1,137 16 436 8 1,334 8 4,312 13 
 
 1<to<5 664 40 558 36 587 30 1,960 27 1,430 27 717 4 5,915 17 
 
 5<to<10 160 10 285 18 396 20 2,117 30 1,364 26 3,391 21 7,713 23 
 
 10< to «15 59 4 70 4 269 14 670 9 716 13 3,783 23 5.568 16 
 
 15< to <20 70 4 37 2 164 8 837 12 406 8 3,550 22 5,064 15 
 
 20< to <25 13 1 15 1 109 6 254 4 412 8 1,385 8 2,188 6 
 
 25< to <30 22 1 24 2 37 2 102 1 235 4 1 ,062 7 1 ,482 4 
 
 30< 25 1 4 75 4 90 1 345 6 1 ,013 6 1 .552 5 
 
 Unspecified 137 8 10 1 12 1 100 1 260 1 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 
 
 Median yr . . 2 NAp 3 NAp 6 NAp 6 NAp 9 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0< to <1 264 16 278 18 128 6 596 8 181 3 77 1.524 4 
 
 1< to <5 276 17 362 23 424 21 1,395 19 743 14 630 4 3,830 11 
 
 5<to«10 279 17 304 19 422 21 2,021 28 1,115 21 2,999 18 7,141 21 
 
 10<to«15 160 10 178 11 323 16 903 13 675 13 4,175 26 6.413 19 
 
 15< to <20 177 11 82 5 251 13 1,017 14 368 7 3,856 24 5,751 17 
 
 20<to<25 89 5 78 5 115 6 476 7 328 6 1,654 10 2,740 8 
 
 25< to <30 69 4 50 3 84 4 149 2 305 6 1 ,083 7 1 ,740 5 
 
 30< 135 8 28 2 89 4 162 2 385 7 1 .085 7 1 .883 6 
 
 Unspecified 204 12 212 14 149 8 448 6 1,243 23 775 5 3.032 9 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5.343 100 16.335 i~00 34,054 TOO 
 
 Median yr 9 NAp 6 NAp 10 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 15 NAp 12 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence. MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
17 
 
 Table E-5.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 
 
 ~ Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 ~ Total 
 
 9 y ' Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 156 9 17 1 28 1 481 7 97 2 889 5 1,667 5 
 
 1-8 227 14 23 1 105 5 358 5 179 3 335 2 1,227 4 
 
 9-15 57 3 66 3 86 1 41 1 881 5 1,132 3 
 
 16 325 20 338 22 764 39 1,322 18 345 6 1,951 12 5,046 15 
 
 17-40 355 21 473 30 475 24 1,862 26 1,504 28 6,866 42 11,535 34 
 
 41-80 185 11 383 24 223 11 644 9 386 7 870 5 2,691 8 
 
 81-160 138 8 32 2 108 5 135 2 234 4 277 2 924 3 
 
 161 + 91 5 11 1 15 1 261 4 357 7 1,300 8 2,035 6 
 
 Unspecified 120 7 295 19 198 10 2,019 28 2,200 41 2,966 18 7,798 23 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 TOO 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 
 
 Mean job training h.. 42 NAp 42 NAp 35 NAp 34 NAp 73 NAp 41 NAp 43 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-6.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 
 
 1 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 to 499 500+ Total 
 
 Age, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 58 4 31 2 35 2 97 1 46 1 50 317 1 
 
 21-23 105 6 77 5 28 1 305 4 170 3 25 711 2 
 
 24-26 141 9 142 9 106 5 591 8 249 5 205 1 1 ,433 4 
 
 27-29 147 9 96 6 149 8 718 10 491 9 909 6 2,511 7 
 
 30-34 197 12 356 23 388 20 1,192 17 1,081 20 2,350 14 5,564 16 
 
 35-39 190 11 228 15 284 14 1,138 16 930 17 3,401 21 6,171 18 
 
 40-49 336 20 387 25 491 25 1 ,841 26 1 ,204 23 5,299 32 9,559 28 
 
 50+ 448 27 245 16 414 21 1,107 15 1,172 22 4,096 25 7,482 22 
 
 Unspecified 31 2 10 1 88 4 179 2 308 1 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 10C) 34,054 100 
 
 Mean age yr. . . 40 NAp 38 NAp 40 NAp 38 NAp 40 NAp 42 NAp 41 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-7.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-19 20-49- 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 1,508 91 1,499 95 1,921 97 6,841 95 5,115 96 15,853 97 32,735 96 
 
 Female 70 4 68 4 62 3 296 4 229 4 457 3 1,182 3 
 
 Unspecified 75 5 5 31 25 136 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34, 054 100 
 
 White 1,468 89 1,077 69 1,798 91 5,819 81 4,717 88 13,919 85 28,798 85 
 
 Black 6 200 13 30 1 42 1 106 2 410 3 793 2 
 
 Hispanic 105 6 162 10 124 6 993 14 357 7 1,729 11 3,469 10 
 
 Other 70 4 20 1 12 1 194 3 148 3 227 1 671 2 
 
 Unspecified 6 112 7 20 1 120 2 16 50 324 1 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 10() 34,054 100 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 68 4 24 2 150 8 367 5 176 3 898 5 1,682 5 
 
 Some high school 172 10 163 10 197 10 824 12 509 10 1,784 11 3,650 11 
 
 High school diploma 705 43 580 37 870 44 3,088 43 2,556 48 7,935 49 15,733 46 
 
 Vocational diploma 150 9 166 11 190 10 830 12 601 11 1,305 8 3,243 10 
 
 Some college 261 16 231 15 257 13 1,145 16 935 18 2,596 16 5,425 16 
 
 College degree 241 15 190 12 200 10 837 12 538 10 1,072 7 3,079 9 
 
 Unspecified 56 3 217 14 119 6 77 1 28 1 745 5 1,242 4 
 
 Total 1,653 100 1,571 100 1,983 100 7,168 100 5,343 100 16,335 100 34,054 100 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
18 
 
 Table E-8.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Backhoe 
 crane 
 
 dragline 
 shovel 
 
 Belt 
 
 Dozer 
 heavy 
 and 
 mobile 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Drill 
 (under- 
 ground) 
 rock 
 bolter 
 
 Drill 
 (surface) 
 
 Explo- 
 sives 
 
 Front-end 
 loader 
 forklift 
 
 Grader 
 scraper 
 
 Handtools 
 (powered 
 
 and 
 
 non- 
 powered) 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 528 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator . . 8 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 7 
 
 Electrician-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 11 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 6 
 
 Maintenance 
 
 Working 9 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 75 
 
 Mine technical support 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 7 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator .... 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 
 
 Electrician-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 
 
 Maintenance 
 
 Working 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 
 
 Mine technical support 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 221 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 920 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 684 
 
 
 
 
 111 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 314 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 175 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 39 
 
 
 
 629 
 
 
 104 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 210 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 1,663 
 
 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 6,044 
 
 25 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 650 
 
 127 
 
 961 
 
 823 
 
 328 
 
 175 
 
 1,003 
 
 195 
 
 7,888 
 
 Hoist 
 elevator 
 
 Many 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Miscel- 
 laneous 
 utility 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Plant 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Pump 
 
 Scale-lab 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 controls 
 
 Shuttle 
 car 
 loco- 
 motive 
 
 Stone 
 cutting 
 finishing 
 machine 
 
 Truck 
 (haulage) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 475 
 
 2,371 
 
 35 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 164 
 
 31 
 
 451 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 281 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 147 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 1,552 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 220 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,747 
 
 114 
 
 149 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 
 
 
 
 811 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,184 
 
 
 
 567 
 
 2,371 
 
 4,036 
 
 195 
 
 1,772 
 
 1,050 
 
 2.299 
 
 1,080 
 
19 
 
 Table E-8.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers— Con. 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Welding machine 
 lathe 
 
 None 
 
 Not elsewhere 
 classified 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 29 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 14 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 
 
 Electrician-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1 55 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1 ,325 
 
 Maintenance 498 
 
 Working 1 ,486 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1 ,632 
 
 Mine technical support 1 ,988 
 
 Office worker 1 ,886 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 684 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 33 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total ~ 1 ,632 8,098 ~ 
 
 1 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 134 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 
 
 
 
 294 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 174 
 
 557 
 
 127 
 
 189 
 
 12 
 
 1,040 
 
 1,029 
 
 1,663 
 
 629 
 
 195 
 
 4,284 
 
 1,558 
 537 
 1,874 
 7,857 
 4,076 
 1,886 
 5,275 
 968 
 2,184 
 
 35,940 
 
 Table E-9.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 
 
 Surfsc© 3t 
 Job title groupingi Underground underground Surface mine 
 mine mine 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 440 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 32 
 
 Blaster 39 150 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 6 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 32 107 704 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 791 20 210 
 
 Electrician-lampman 92 133 439 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 102 13 291 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 27 168 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,414 124 1 ,362 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 297 66 529 
 
 Maintenance 36 69 104 
 
 Working 276 26 672 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 580 551 2,970 
 
 Mine technical support 278 460 719 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 91 92 271 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 806 71 
 
 Truck driver 120 58 1 ,885 
 
 Total 4,980 1 ,756 10,992 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Plant or mil 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 117 
 
 
 
 557 
 
 95 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 
 
 189 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 196 
 
 
 
 1,040 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 1,029 
 
 999 
 
 
 
 1,663 
 
 223 
 
 
 
 629 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 1,384 
 
 
 
 4,284 
 
 538 
 
 128 
 
 1,558 
 
 309 
 
 19 
 
 537 
 
 895 
 
 6 
 
 1,874 
 
 3,756 
 
 
 
 7,857 
 
 1,747 
 
 873 
 
 4,076 
 
 
 
 1,886 
 
 1,886 
 
 4,646 
 
 175 
 
 5,275 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 968 
 
 122 
 
 
 
 2,184 
 
 15,126 
 
 3,087 
 
 35,940 
 
20 
 
 Table E-10.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 
 
 J°b title groupings toll to<2 io% Xo% 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 74 26 63 15 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 72 
 
 Blaster 41 61 6 25 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 6 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 232 45 134 95 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 185 148 72 202 
 
 Electrician-lampman 169 40 56 81 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 115 87 45 71 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 18 30 10 6 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,390 553 473 328 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 352 152 160 253 
 
 Maintenance 38 31 69 48 
 
 Working 237 130 172 230 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 862 643 419 612 
 
 Mine technical support 815 617 377 510 
 
 Office worker 356 227 185 253 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 1,429 596 412 603 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 156 179 63 122 
 
 Truck driver 431 327 230 149 
 
 Total ~6,972 3,892 2,948 3,602 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 5< 
 
 to«10 
 
 10< 
 to «20 
 
 20< 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 156 
 
 163 
 
 55 
 
 6 
 
 557 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 1 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 189 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 235 
 
 128 
 
 101 
 
 69 
 
 1,040 
 
 5 
 
 201 
 
 163 
 
 10 
 
 48 
 
 1,029 
 
 5 
 
 563 
 
 686 
 
 61 
 
 6 
 
 1,663 
 
 10 
 
 205 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 629 
 
 5 
 
 94 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 7 
 
 773 
 
 645 
 
 65 
 
 58 
 
 4,284 
 
 3 
 
 318 
 
 91 
 
 124 
 
 109 
 
 1,558 
 
 4 
 
 208 
 
 98 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 
 537 
 
 7 
 
 715 
 
 243 
 
 84 
 
 63 
 
 1,874 
 
 6 
 
 1,883 
 
 2,385 
 
 914 
 
 137 
 
 7,857 
 
 9 
 
 1,066 
 
 396 
 
 243 
 
 53 
 
 4,076 
 
 4 
 
 459 
 
 285 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 1,886 
 
 5 
 
 967 
 
 904 
 
 267 
 
 98 
 
 5,275 
 
 4 
 
 345 
 
 62 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 968 
 
 5 
 
 429 
 
 344 
 
 149 
 
 126 
 
 2,184 
 
 4 
 
 8,682 
 
 6,777 
 
 2,177 
 
 891 
 
 35.940 
 
 Table E-11.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 
 
 J°° title grouping' ,o°^ to<5 toOO to OS tola) 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 51 41 84 166 72 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 32 40 25 30 
 
 Blaster 16 39 28 38 6 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 6 7 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 106 223 181 139 187 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 168 260 268 156 116 
 
 Electrician-lampman 81 1 30 420 41 1 337 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 80 177 123 100 119 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 18 19 37 77 7 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 917 670 991 862 412 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 170 441 398 148 132 
 
 Maintenance 39 117 172 40 85 
 
 Working 125 185 467 251 307 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 638 1,075 1,661 1,321 1,526 
 
 Mine technical support 561 813 970 736 455 
 
 Office worker 289 336 551 363 179 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 739 1,110 1,156 747 779 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 21 1 102 343 100 67 
 
 Truck driver 361 506 376 251 421 
 
 Total 4,601 6,251 8,264 5,931 5.244 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 20< 
 to <25 
 
 25< 
 
 to <30 
 
 30< 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 60 
 
 30 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 557 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 10 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 189 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 111 
 
 30 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 1,040 
 
 11 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 1,029 
 
 6 
 
 134 
 
 121 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 1,663 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 629 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 13 
 
 159 
 
 161 
 
 90 
 
 21 
 
 4,284 
 
 8 
 
 121 
 
 55 
 
 24 
 
 70 
 
 1.558 
 
 6 
 
 38 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 537 
 
 9 
 
 190 
 
 129 
 
 197 
 
 25 
 
 1,874 
 
 12 
 
 593 
 
 441 
 
 577 
 
 25 
 
 7,857 
 
 12 
 
 235 
 
 164 
 
 102 
 
 39 
 
 4,076 
 
 8 
 
 67 
 
 31 
 
 59 
 
 12 
 
 1,886 
 
 8 
 
 268 
 
 207 
 
 251 
 
 18 
 
 5,275 
 
 9 
 
 67 
 
 44 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 968 
 
 8 
 
 122 
 
 45 
 
 96 
 
 6 
 
 2,184 
 
 7 
 
 2,255 1,513 1,610 
 
 272 
 
 35.940 
 
 10 
 
Table E-1 2. —Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 
 
 21 
 
 J°b title grouping' , °<1 to<5 to<10 to OS to So 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 37 20 58 183 72 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 40 25 62 
 
 Blaster 16 28 20 38 14 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator . . 98 121 203 120 174 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 22 146 224 224 250 
 
 Electrician-lampman 45 113 392 414 331 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 34 105 133 111 140 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 21 37 87 7 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 374 477 1 ,050 1 ,018 532 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 45 188 334 276 204 
 
 Maintenance 40 138 44 102 
 
 Working 10 73 282 293 382 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 197 822 1,541 1,320 1,644 
 
 Mine technical support 233 460 866 834 484 
 
 Office worker 133 214 535 274 227 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 284 775 1,166 923 868 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 6 84 327 271 80 
 
 Truck driver 123 359 331 233 399 
 
 Total 1,658 4,045 7,676 6,687 5,978 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 20< 
 to <25 
 
 25< 
 
 to <30 
 
 30< 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 V 
 
 60 
 
 30 
 
 58 
 
 39 
 
 557 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 13 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 37 
 
 189 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 97 
 
 36 
 
 50 
 
 140 
 
 1,040 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 
 86 
 
 1,029 
 
 12 
 
 117 
 
 93 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 1,663 
 
 13 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 51 
 
 629 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 195 
 
 13 
 
 318 
 
 208 
 
 147 
 
 161 
 
 4,284 
 
 11 
 
 177 
 
 87 
 
 79 
 
 169 
 
 1,558 
 
 12 
 
 43 
 
 69 
 
 20 
 
 81 
 
 537 
 
 16 
 
 225 
 
 113 
 
 196 
 
 300 
 
 1,874 
 
 18 
 
 678 
 
 448 
 
 577 
 
 631 
 
 7,857 
 
 14 
 
 267 
 
 210 
 
 223 
 
 500 
 
 4,076 
 
 12 
 
 147 
 
 45 
 
 77 
 
 232 
 
 1,886 
 
 10 
 
 411 
 
 299 
 
 241 
 
 309 
 
 5,275 
 
 12 
 
 115 
 
 51 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 968 
 
 11 
 
 147 
 
 45 
 
 111 
 
 437 
 
 2,184 
 
 12 
 
 2,887 1,785 1,960 3,264 35,940 
 
 12 
 
 Table E-1 3.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 1-8 
 
 9-15 
 
 16 
 
 17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 hr 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 27 26 62 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 32 
 
 Blaster 25 8 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 31 17 25 132 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 103 6 270 
 
 Electrician-lampman 95 59 356 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 12 24 34 105 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 29 82 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 158 173 203 805 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 84 107 124 276 
 
 Maintenance 45 44 45 
 
 Working 98 176 188 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 465 154 176 1,190 
 
 Mine technical support 205 245 157 535 
 
 Office worker 340 115 63 180 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 153 96 347 440 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 8 19 333 
 
 Truck driver 158 52 34 212 
 
 Total 2,007 1 ,342 1 ,195 5,226 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 126 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 106 
 
 200 
 
 557 
 
 66 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 127 
 
 20 
 
 53 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 189 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 63 
 
 390 
 
 74 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 260 
 
 1,040 
 
 57 
 
 76 
 
 165 
 
 22 
 
 95 
 
 292 
 
 1,029 
 
 68 
 
 487 
 
 112 
 
 
 
 183 
 
 371 
 
 1,663 
 
 48 
 
 202 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 191 
 
 629 
 
 30 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 195 
 
 20 
 
 1,293 
 
 363 
 
 150 
 
 145 
 
 994 
 
 4,284 
 
 37 
 
 397 
 
 85 
 
 97 
 
 55 
 
 332 
 
 1,558 
 
 37 
 
 141 
 
 83 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 167 
 
 537 
 
 29 
 
 492 
 
 242 
 
 164 
 
 182 
 
 332 
 
 1,874 
 
 54 
 
 3,258 
 
 396 
 
 160 
 
 532 
 
 1,527 
 
 7,857 
 
 46 
 
 1,249 
 
 296 
 
 143 
 
 100 
 
 1,146 
 
 4,076 
 
 33 
 
 256 
 
 97 
 
 60 
 
 35 
 
 739 
 
 1,886 
 
 32 
 
 2,337 
 
 400 
 
 126 
 
 397 
 
 980 
 
 5,275 
 
 45 
 
 196 
 
 240 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 157 
 
 968 
 
 34 
 
 762 
 
 125 
 
 32 
 
 113 
 
 696 
 
 2,184 
 
 41 
 
 1 1 ,792 2,788 
 
 984 
 
 2,070 
 
 8,537 35,940 
 
 43 
 
22 
 
 Table E-1 4. —Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 
 
 50 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 
 y 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 6 37 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 20 
 
 Blaster 16 8 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator . . 5 50 80 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 26 41 83 
 
 Electrician-lampman 27 10 36 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 7 19 38 48 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 3 9 20 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 134 162 235 410 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 6 67 66 
 
 Maintenance 8 
 
 Working 9 6 100 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 25 91 274 498 
 
 Mine technical support 27 124 175 435 
 
 Office worker 14 38 36 97 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 60 184 295 352 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 81 148 
 
 Truck driver 38 65 145 161 
 
 Total 330 749 1 ,468 2,608 
 
 ''As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 100 
 
 89 
 
 164 
 
 157 
 
 4 
 
 557 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 39 
 
 45 
 
 14 
 
 52 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 189 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 39 
 
 158 
 
 281 
 
 279 
 
 177 
 
 10 
 
 1,040 
 
 41 
 
 176 
 
 317 
 
 250 
 
 136 
 
 
 
 1,029 
 
 38 
 
 312 
 
 359 
 
 430 
 
 478 
 
 12 
 
 1,663 
 
 43 
 
 94 
 
 67 
 
 179 
 
 164 
 
 11 
 
 629 
 
 41 
 
 56 
 
 19 
 
 72 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 39 
 
 880 
 
 772 
 
 970 
 
 676 
 
 45 
 
 4,284 
 
 38 
 
 268 
 
 349 
 
 350 
 
 409 
 
 42 
 
 1,558 
 
 42 
 
 57 
 
 71 
 
 221 
 
 179 
 
 
 
 537 
 
 45 
 
 285 
 
 325 
 
 537 
 
 605 
 
 7 
 
 1,874 
 
 44 
 
 ,084 
 
 1,503 
 
 2,533 
 
 1,814 
 
 35 
 
 7,857 
 
 42 
 
 726 
 
 632 
 
 1,088 
 
 835 
 
 33 
 
 4,076 
 
 40 
 
 247 
 
 461 
 
 607 
 
 369 
 
 18 
 
 1,886 
 
 41 
 
 955 
 
 787 
 
 1,457 
 
 1,162 
 
 23 
 
 5,275 
 
 40 
 
 82 
 
 218 
 
 267 
 
 170 
 
 
 
 968 
 
 39 
 
 282 
 
 322 
 
 639 
 
 448 
 
 85 
 
 2,184 
 
 40 
 
 5,811 6,632 10,165 7,851 
 
 325 
 
 35,940 
 
 41 
 
 Table E-1 5.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 
 
 Male 
 Job title fl™^ 1 Workers pet" 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 522 2 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 127 
 
 Blaster 164 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 1,028 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1 ,029 3 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1 ,657 5 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 573 2 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 195 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 4,084 12 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor 
 
 General 1 ,443 4 
 
 Maintenance 537 2 
 
 Working 1 ,849 6 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,818 23 
 
 Mine technical support 3,549 1 1 
 
 Office worker 807 2 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,043 1 5 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 968 3 
 
 Truck driver 2,139 6 
 
 Total 33,542 100 2,255 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 557 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 189 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 1,040 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,029 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 1,663 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 629 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 1 
 
 194 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 4,284 
 
 12 
 
 94 
 
 4 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 1,558 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 537 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 1,874 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 7,857 
 
 22 
 
 503 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 17 
 
 4,076 
 
 11 
 
 1,073 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 1,886 
 
 5 
 
 226 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5,275 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 968 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.184 
 
 6 
 
 100 
 
 143 
 
 100 
 
 35 940 
 
 100 
 
Table E-1 6.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 
 
 23 
 
 White Black Hispanic 
 Job title 9 rou P |n g' Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 514 2 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 102 25 3 
 
 Blaster 119 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 871 3 20 2 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 857 3 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1 ,457 5 33 4 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 572 2 10 1 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 189 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 3,570 12 107 13 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1 ,321 4 36 4 
 
 Maintenance 507 2 5 1 
 
 Working 1 ,575 5 41 5 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler- machinist 6,768 22 92 11 
 
 Mine technical support 3,641 12 55 7 
 
 Office worker 1 ,625 5 36 4 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 4,094 13 363 44 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 888 3 
 
 Truck driver 1 ,742 6 6 1 
 
 Total 30,423 100 829 100 3,642 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 43 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 557 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 189 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 1,040 
 
 3 
 
 119 
 
 3 
 
 53 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,029 
 
 3 
 
 174 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,663 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 629 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 1 
 
 528 
 
 15 
 
 56 
 
 8 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 4,284 
 
 12 
 
 88 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 87 
 
 26 
 
 1,558 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 537 
 
 1 
 
 213 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 1,874 
 
 5 
 
 916 
 
 25 
 
 54 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 8 
 
 7,857 
 
 22 
 
 271 
 
 7 
 
 70 
 
 10 
 
 39 
 
 12 
 
 4,076 
 
 11 
 
 174 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 1,886 
 
 5 
 
 627 
 
 17 
 
 116 
 
 16 
 
 76 
 
 23 
 
 5,275 
 
 15 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 968 
 
 3 
 
 276 
 
 8 
 
 136 
 
 19 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 2,184 
 
 6 
 
 100 
 
 711 
 
 100 
 
 335 
 
 100 35,940 
 
 100 
 
 Table E-1 7.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 
 
 Job title qroupinq 1 elementary school diploma diploma college degree M 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 
 
 operator 39 7 61 11 281 50 95 17 52 9 29 5 557 2 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 50 39 52 41 25 20 127 
 
 Blaster 39 21 89 47 36 19 26 13 189 1 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge 
 
 operator 7 55 6 45 12 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment operator 19 2 110 11 662 64 51 5 97 9 22 2 80 8 1,040 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 141 14 133 13 555 54 42 4 128 12 30 3 1,029 3 
 
 Electrician-lampman 47 3 109 7 492 30 513 31 348 21 66 4 89 5 1,663 5 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 
 
 operator 66 11 103 16 362 58 22 3 47 8 5 1 23 4 629 2 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 27 14 37 19 112 57 20 10 195 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 288 7 695 16 2,202 51 407 9 514 12 100 2 79 2 4,284 12 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 44 3 51 3 464 30 61 4 392 25 499 32 47 3 1,558 4 
 
 Maintenance 13 3 61 11 169 32 54 10 141 26 62 12 36 7 537 1 
 
 Working 29 2 181 10 814 43 125 7 261 14 411 22 51 3 1,874 5 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler- 
 machinist 302 4 921 12 3,671 47 1,116 14 1,365 17 189 2 293 4 7,857 22 
 
 Mine technical support 107 3 228 6 1,184 29 106 3 866 21 1,513 37 71 2 4,076 11 
 
 Office worker 414 22 148 8 639 34 589 31 95 5 1,886 5 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman . 270 5 418 8 2,942 56 365 7 817 15 151 3 312 6 5,275 15 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 166 17 92 9 506 52 97 10 75 8 19 2 13 1 968 3 
 
 Truck driver 124 6 362 17 1,169 54 134 6 288 13 12 1 95 4 2,184 6 
 
 Total 1,682 5 3,650 10 16,147 45 3,391 9 6,064 17 3,668 10 1,337 4 35,940 100 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
24 
 
 Table E-1 8. —Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 
 
 Equipment operated grouping* {Q % J< 2 J< 3 J*. Jj< ^ 2 Q< ""speci- Tota , Median, 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 56 40 69 23 181 215 61 6 650 10 
 
 Belt 72 25 30 127 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 221 45 103 95 194 119 101 83 961 5 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 135 100 21 163 222 150 32 823 5 
 
 Drill (surface) 42 33 58 53 94 19 10 19 328 4 
 
 Explosives 41 61 6 25 20 23 175 2 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 232 165 100 113 263 101 1 28 1,003 3 
 
 Grader-scraper 18 30 10 6 94 38 195 7 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 923 625 451 678 1,948 2,500 638 125 7,888 9 
 
 Hoist-elevator 13 14 22 71 75 14 9 3 221 5 
 
 Many equipment 202 111 127 43 9 70 6 567 2 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 844 348 165 144 353 425 65 26 2,371 2 
 
 Plant equipment 1,091 449 353 518 767 579 214 64 4,036 4 
 
 Pump 81 39 6 24 21 25 195 2 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 411 307 146 107 466 214 105 16 1,772 4 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 278 164 78 114 313 62 41 1,050 4 
 
 Truck (haulage) 444 329 235 156 486 369 149 131 2,299 5 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 100 57 123 168 336 274 14 10 1,080 6 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 141 77 27 16 487 528 337 19 1,632 11 
 
 None 1 ,204 629 590 744 1 ,781 674 343 247 6,212 5 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 49 10 61 65 43 48 4 15 294 4 
 
 Unspecified 16 32 15 25 47 40 174 5 
 
 Total 6,616 3,665 2,764 3,349 8,223 6,492 2,117 828 34,054 6 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-1 9. — Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 1-8 
 
 9-15 
 
 16 
 
 17-40 
 
 41-80 81-160 
 
 161 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 h 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 27 11 81 
 
 Belt 32 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 31 17 25 113 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 88 6 222 
 
 Drill (surface) 15 7 43 
 
 Explosives 25 8 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 12 24 69 121 
 
 Grader-scraper 29 82 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 415 166 99 1,183 
 
 Hoist-elevator 50 6 85 
 
 Many equipment 6 81 281 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 80 93 182 309 
 
 Plant equipment 61 66 194 376 
 
 Pump 12 9 30 33 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 125 91 120 174 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 8 19 284 
 
 Truck (haulage) 158 52 34 226 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 83 166 259 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 145 47 70 322 
 
 None 325 349 223 773 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 32 70 
 
 Unspecified 9 
 
 Total 1,667 1,227 1.132 5,046 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 189 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 108 
 
 205 
 
 650 
 
 61 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 127 
 
 20 
 
 402 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 250 
 
 961 
 
 40 
 
 131 
 
 40 
 
 16 
 
 70 
 
 249 
 
 823 
 
 66 
 
 53 
 
 109 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 71 
 
 328 
 
 56 
 
 39 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 175 
 
 30 
 
 318 
 
 68 
 
 28 
 
 77 
 
 286 
 
 1,003 
 
 53 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 195 
 
 20 
 
 3,085 
 
 470 
 
 126 
 
 648 
 
 1,696 
 
 7,888 
 
 50 
 
 52 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 221 
 
 17 
 
 34 
 
 25 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 
 41 
 
 567 
 
 51 
 
 866 
 
 184 
 
 34 
 
 74 
 
 549 
 
 2,371 
 
 34 
 
 1,782 
 
 333 
 
 120 
 
 337 
 
 766 
 
 4,036 
 
 49 
 
 94 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 23 
 
 685 
 
 115 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 407 
 
 1,772 
 
 26 
 
 246 
 
 207 
 
 33 
 
 14 
 
 239 
 
 1,050 
 
 36 
 
 807 
 
 131 
 
 42 
 
 113 
 
 736 
 
 2,299 
 
 41 
 
 184 
 
 90 
 
 28 
 
 200 
 
 69 
 
 1,080 
 
 55 
 
 587 
 
 93 
 
 33 
 
 92 
 
 242 
 
 1.632 
 
 35 
 
 1,740 
 
 542 
 
 366 
 
 146 
 
 1,748 
 
 6,212 
 
 37 
 
 92 
 
 45 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 294 
 
 29 
 
 75 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 174 
 
 32 
 
 11.535 
 
 2,691 
 
 924 
 
 2.035 
 
 7.798 34.054 
 
 43 
 
25 
 
 Table E-20.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 15-20 
 
 21-23 
 
 24-26 
 
 27-29 
 
 30-34 
 
 35-39 
 
 40-49 
 
 50+ Un ^ d eCi " Total 
 
 Mean, 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 6 9 49 
 
 Belt 20 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 11 45 80 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 23 35 33 
 
 Drill (surface) 3 6 42 
 
 Explosives 16 8 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 7 33 84 92 
 
 Grader-scraper 3 9 20 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 25 119 287 507 
 
 Hoist-elevator 8 21 
 
 Many equipment 13 20 13 49 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 103 99 138 191 
 
 Plant equipment 62 166 237 262 
 
 Pump 18 30 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 27 90 75 215 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 48 1 82 
 
 Truck (haulage) 38 65 150 161 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 16 6 61 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 5 11 35 
 
 None 6 56 220 415 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 5 5 28 6 
 
 Unspecified 3 7 33 
 
 Total 317 71 1 1 ,433 2,5lT" 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 112 
 
 114 
 
 166 
 
 190 
 
 4 
 
 650 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 39 
 
 141 
 
 234 
 
 266 
 
 175 
 
 10 
 
 961 
 
 41 
 
 171 
 
 216 
 
 237 
 
 109 
 
 
 
 823 
 
 38 
 
 52 
 
 100 
 
 74 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 328 
 
 39 
 
 45 
 
 14 
 
 38 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 175 
 
 42 
 
 174 
 
 122 
 
 273 
 
 208 
 
 11 
 
 1,003 
 
 39 
 
 56 
 
 19 
 
 72 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 39 
 
 1,187 
 
 1,634 
 
 2,342 
 
 1,748 
 
 41 
 
 7,888 
 
 41 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 89 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 221 
 
 45 
 
 87 
 
 118 
 
 110 
 
 156 
 
 
 
 567 
 
 41 
 
 495 
 
 427 
 
 494 
 
 381 
 
 45 
 
 2,371 
 
 37 
 
 858 
 
 657 
 
 962 
 
 814 
 
 18 
 
 4,036 
 
 39 
 
 27 
 
 33 
 
 60 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 39 
 
 296 
 
 249 
 
 571 
 
 244 
 
 6 
 
 1,772 
 
 38 
 
 68 
 
 263 
 
 294 
 
 195 
 
 
 
 1,050 
 
 39 
 
 295 
 
 369 
 
 677 
 
 458 
 
 87 
 
 2,299 
 
 40 
 
 177 
 
 123 
 
 353 
 
 339 
 
 
 
 1,080 
 
 44 
 
 240 
 
 199 
 
 633 
 
 503 
 
 6 
 
 1,632 
 
 44 
 
 1,028 
 
 1,146 
 
 1,655 
 
 1,612 
 
 74 
 
 6,212 
 
 42 
 
 24 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 294 
 
 41 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 6 
 
 174 
 
 41 
 
 5,564 
 
 6,171 
 
 9,559 7,482 
 
 308 
 
 34,054 
 
 41 
 
 Table E-21 .—Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 
 
 . Male Female Unspecified 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 615 2 30 3 5 4 
 
 Belt 127 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 949 3 12 9 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 3 
 
 Drill (surface) 328 1 
 
 Explosives 150 26 2 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 901 3 91 8 11 8 
 
 Grader-scraper 195 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 7,843 24 20 2 25 19 
 
 Hoist-elevator 202 1 12 1 6 5 
 
 Many equipment 567 2 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,215 7 150 13 6 5 
 
 Plant equipment 3,890 12 139 12 6 5 
 
 Pump 189 1 6 1 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1 ,459 4 31 3 26 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 1 ,050 3 
 
 Truck (haulage) 2,254 7 45 4 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1 ,044 3 37 3 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 1 ,632 5 
 
 None 5,842 18 306 26 64 47 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 288 1 6 
 
 Unspecified 171 1 3 
 
 Total 32,735 100 1,182 100 136 100 34,054 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 650 
 
 2 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 961 
 
 3 
 
 823 
 
 2 
 
 328 
 
 1 
 
 175 
 
 1 
 
 1,003 
 
 3 
 
 195 
 
 1 
 
 7,888 
 
 23 
 
 221 
 
 1 
 
 567 
 
 2 
 
 2,371 
 
 7 
 
 4,036 
 
 12 
 
 195 
 
 1 
 
 1,772 
 
 5 
 
 1,050 
 
 3 
 
 2,299 
 
 7 
 
 1,080 
 
 3 
 
 1,632 
 
 5 
 
 6,212 
 
 18 
 
 294 
 
 1 
 
 174 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
26 
 
 Table E-22.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 
 
 White Black 
 
 Equipment operated grouping* Wprkers ^ Workefs pc{ 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 603 2 
 
 Belt 102 25 3 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 801 3 20 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 616 2 25 3 
 
 Drill (surface) 313 1 
 
 Explosives 106 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 863 3 77 10 
 
 Grader-scraper 189 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 6,676 23 125 16 
 
 Hoist-elevator 139 25 3 
 
 Many equipment 545 2 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,919 7 76 10 
 
 Plant equipment 3,345 12 167 21 
 
 Pump 107 25 3 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1 ,502 5 3 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 920 3 25 3 
 
 Truck (haulage) 1,803 6 6 1 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 842 3 20 2 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 1 ,527 5 
 
 None 5,516 19 150 19 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 261 1 25 3 
 
 Unspecified 103 
 
 Total 28,798 100 793 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 46 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 650 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 961 
 
 3 
 
 129 
 
 4 
 
 53 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 823 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 328 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 175 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 1,003 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 1 
 
 1,016 
 
 29 
 
 44 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 8 
 
 7,888 
 
 23 
 
 56 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 221 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 567 
 
 2 
 
 352 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 2,371 
 
 7 
 
 353 
 
 10 
 
 95 
 
 14 
 
 76 
 
 24 
 
 4,036 
 
 12 
 
 63 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 1 
 
 201 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 10 
 
 1,772 
 
 5 
 
 73 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,050 
 
 3 
 
 330 
 
 10 
 
 136 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 8 
 
 2,299 
 
 7 
 
 153 
 
 4 
 
 66 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,080 
 
 3 
 
 90 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,632 
 
 5 
 
 367 
 
 11 
 
 62 
 
 9 
 
 118 
 
 36 
 
 6,212 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 294 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 174 
 
 1 
 
 3,469 
 
 100 
 
 671 
 
 100 
 
 324 
 
 100 
 
 34,054 
 
 100 
 
 Table E-23.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College iinctnarifiBrt Tntai 
 
 Equipment operated elementary school diploma diploma college degree u "^ "^ 
 
 grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel.. 39 6 75 12 374 58 72 11 61 9 29 4 650 2 
 
 Belt 50 39 52 41 25 20 127 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment 6 1 115 12 596 62 51 5 108 11 6 1 80 8 961 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter . . 133 16 91 11 457 56 34 4 78 9 30 4 823 2 
 
 Drill (surface) 7 2 49 15 222 68 51 15 328 1 
 
 Explosives 39 22 75 43 36 20 26 15 175 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 66 7 124 12 635 63 28 3 99 10 21 2 30 3 1,003 3 
 
 Grader-scraper 27 14 37 19 112 57 20 10 195 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and 
 
 nonpowered) 262 3 848 11 3,296 42 1,411 18 1,512 19 177. 2 382 5 7,888 23 
 
 Hoist-elevator 37 17 41 - 19 80 36 33 15 15 7 8 3 6 3 221 1 
 
 Many equipment 8 1 33 6 354 62 38 7 64 1 1 45 8 25 4 567 2 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment . 179 8 427 18 1,174 50 194 8 288 12 56 2 54 2 2,371 
 
 Plant equipment 284 7 319 8 2,159 53 304 8 600 15 137 3 234 6 4.036 12 
 
 Pump 42 21 82 42 21 11 30 15 12 6 9 5 195 1 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls .. . 8 112 6 760 43 62 3 452 26 341 19 37 2 1,772 5 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 127 12 86 8 609 58 97 9 100 10 19 2 13 1 1,050 3 
 
 Truck (haulage) 137 6 370 16 1,247 54 134 6 296 13 18 1 97 4 2,299 7 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier . . 53 5 86 8 597 55 96 9 139 13 108 10 1,080 3 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 72 4 168 10 858 53 191 12 251 15 93 6 1,632 5 
 
 None 216 3 436 7 1,769 28 382 6 1,214 20 1,998 32 198 3 6.212 18 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 23 8 53 18 110 38 39 13 39 13 6 2 25 8 294 1 
 
 Unspecified 50 29 116 66 3 2 6 3 174 1 
 
 Total 1,682 5 3,650 11 15.733 46 3,243 10 5,425 16 3.079 9 1.242 4 34.054 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
27 
 
 Table E-24.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: job, company, and mining experience, by work location 
 
 Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 
 
 Experience, yr underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0<tO«1 1,115 22 265 15 2,155 20 2,831 19 606 20 6,972 19 
 
 1<to«2 618 12 249 14 1,157 11 1,408 9 460 15 3,892 11 
 
 2<tO<3 603 12 142 8 1,054 10 908 6 241 8 2,948 8 
 
 3<tO<5 812 16 269 15 814 7 1,267 8 440 14 3,602 10 
 
 5<tO<10 1,144 23 415 24 2,747 25 3,560 24 816 26 8,682 24 
 
 10<tO<20 612 12 357 20 1,900 17 3,563 24 345 11 6,777 19 
 
 20< 12 22 1 696 6 1,335 9 112 4 2,177 6 
 
 Unspecified 64 1 38 2 468 4 253 2 67 2 891 2 
 
 Total 4,980 TfJO 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 100 35,940 100 
 
 Median yr. . 4 NAp 5 NAp 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 NAp 6 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 CKtO<1 1,024 21 426 24 1,364 12 1,365 9 422 14 4,601 13 
 
 1< to <5 1,020 20 367 21 2,242 20 2,051 14 571 18 6,251 17 
 
 5<to<10 1,595 32 323 18 2,004 18 3,293 22 1,049 34 8,264 23 
 
 10<tO<15 630 13 206 12 1,944 18 2,639 17 512 17 5,931 17 
 
 15<tO<20 384 8 221 13 1,586 14 2,767 18 285 9 5,244 15 
 
 2CK to <25 202 4 49 3 672 6 1 ,234 8 98 3 2,255 6 
 
 25<tO<30 51 1 93 5 433 4 885 6 51 2 1,513 4 
 
 30< 46 1 28 2 665 6 785 5 86 3 1,610 4 
 
 Unspecified 27 1 44 3 82 1 106 1 12 272 1 
 
 Total 4,980 100 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 100 35,940 100 
 
 Median yr. 7 NAp 7 NAp 10 NAp 12 NAp 8 NAp 10 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 (Kto<1 192 4 50 3 625 6 594 4 197 6 1,658 5 
 
 1<to<5 510 10 229 13 1,548 14 1,375 9 382 12 4,045 11 
 
 5<tO<10 1,506 30 283 16 1,690 15 3,295 22 902 29 7,676 21 
 
 10<to«15 1,119 22 267 15 2,015 18 2,909 19 378 12 6,687 19 
 
 15<to«20 788 16 352 20 1,544 14 2,926 19 367 12 5,978 17 
 
 20<to<25 483 10 149 8 682 6 1,380 9 193 6 2,887 8 
 
 25<to<30 136 3 205 12 415 4 962 6 68 2 1,785 5 
 
 3(K 134 3 164 9 665 6 900 6 97 3 1,960 5 
 
 Unspecified 112 2 58 3 1,808 16 784 5 503 16 3,264 9 
 
 Total 4,980 TOO 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 100 35,940 100 
 
 Median yr. . 11 NAp 16 NAp 12 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 12 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-25.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: training received, by work location 
 
 Job training for Underground mine undfrgSund^ine Surface mine Plant or mill Office 
 
 ' ' Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 175 4 156 9 819 7 393 3 463 15 
 
 1-8 250 5 63 4 429 4 357 2 243 8 
 
 9-15 7 191 11 133 1 787 5 77 2 
 
 16 1,755 35 437 25 1,206 11 1,471 10 357 12 
 
 17-40 767 15 132 8 3,460 31 6,928 46 504 16 
 
 41-80 582 12 287 16 700 6 1,013 7 206 7 
 
 81-160 171 3 100 6 415 4 208 1 90 3 
 
 161 + 289 6 70 4 885 8 790 5 35 1 
 
 Unspecified 983 20 318 18 2,945 27 3,177 21 1,112 36 
 
 Total 4,980 100 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 T00~ 
 
 Mean training . . h . . 46 NAp 51 NAp 50 NAp 38 NAp 28 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 2,007 
 1,342 
 1,195 
 5,226 
 1 1 ,792 
 2,788 
 984 
 2,070 
 8,537 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 35,940 100 
 43 NAp 
 
 / 
 
28 
 
 Table E-26.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: age distribution, by work location 
 
 Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office 
 
 ^ ae vr underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 52 1 13 1 122 1 130 1 14 
 
 21-23 51 1 29 2 291 3 320 2 59 2 
 
 24-26 264 5 51 3 557 5 516 3 81 3 
 
 27-29 661 13 108 6 773 7 855 6 210 7 
 
 30-34 960 19 153 9 1,992 18 2,226 15 479 16 
 
 35-39 1,027 21 232 13 1,932 18 2,740 18 701 23 
 
 40-49 1,183 24 597 34 2,823 26 4,614 31 947 31 
 
 50+ 759 15 574 33 2,323 21 3,647 24 548 18 
 
 Unspecified 22 179 2 77 1 47 2 
 
 Total 4,980 100 1,756 100 10,992 100 15,126 100 3,087 Too" 
 
 Mean age yr . . 38 NAp 44 NAp 40 NAp 42 NAp 41 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 330 
 
 749 
 
 1,468 
 
 2,608 
 
 5,811 
 
 6,632 
 
 10,165 
 
 7,851 
 
 325 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 28 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 35,940 100 
 41 NAp 
 
 Table E-27.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: sex, race, and education, by work location 
 
 Underground mine 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Sex - 
 
 Male 4,917 99 
 
 Female 38 1 
 
 Unspecified 24 
 
 Total 4,980 Too" 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 4,474 90 
 
 Black 5 
 
 Hispanic 330 7 
 
 Other 146 3 
 
 Unspecified 24 
 
 Total 4,980 T00~ 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary .... 596 12 
 
 Some high school ... . 633 13 
 
 High school diploma. . 2,375 48 
 
 Vocational diploma . . . 434 9 
 
 Some college 479 10 
 
 College degree 411 8 
 
 Unspecified 52 1 
 
 Total 4,980 100~ 
 
 Surface at 
 underground mine 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Surface mine 
 Workers pet 
 
 Plant or mill 
 Workers pet 
 
 Office 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 1,656 
 55 
 44 
 
 94 
 3 
 3 
 
 10,604 
 
 371 
 
 17 
 
 96 
 3 
 
 
 14,566 
 
 509 
 
 51 
 
 96 
 3 
 
 
 1,798 
 
 1,282 
 
 6 
 
 58 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1,756 
 
 100 
 
 10,992 100 
 
 15,126 100 
 
 3,087 100 
 
 1,595 
 
 8 
 
 119 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 
 9,337 
 43 
 
 1,218 
 
 299 
 
 95 
 
 85 
 
 
 11 
 3 
 1 
 
 12,370 
 
 735 
 
 1,650 
 
 188 
 
 183 
 
 82 
 5 
 
 11 
 1 
 1 
 
 2,647 
 
 38 
 
 324 
 
 43 
 
 34 
 
 86 
 1 
 
 10 
 1 
 1 
 
 1,756 
 
 100 
 
 10,992 100 
 
 15,126 100 
 
 3,087 100 
 
 138 
 194 
 826 
 195 
 245 
 132 
 26 
 
 8 
 11 
 
 47 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 432 
 1,372 
 5,466 
 1,055 
 1,677 
 830 
 162 
 
 4 
 12 
 50 
 10 
 15 
 8 
 1 
 
 510 
 1,398 
 6,846 
 1.495 
 2,632 
 1,246 
 
 997 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 45 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 54 
 
 634 
 
 213 
 
 1,031 
 
 1,049 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 2 
 21 
 
 7 
 33 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 1,756 
 
 100 
 
 10,992 100 
 
 15,126 100 
 
 3,087 100 
 
 33,542 
 
 2,255 
 
 143 
 
 30,423 
 
 829 
 
 3,642 
 
 711 
 
 335 
 
 1,682 
 3,650 
 16,147 
 3.391 
 6,064 
 3.668 
 1,337 
 
 93 
 6 
 
 
 35,940 100 
 
 85 
 2 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 35.940 100 
 
 5 
 10 
 45 
 
 9 
 17 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 35,940 100 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not equal to totals shown. 
 
 
29 
 
 Table E-28.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, 
 
 Experience at ^g g . 15 16 17 . 40 41 . 80 
 present job, yr 
 
 <K to CI: 
 
 Workers 212 496 291 553 2,516 577 
 
 pet 3 7 4 8 38 9 
 
 1< to <2: 
 
 Workers 282 28 66 686 997 498 
 
 pet 8 1 2 19 27 14 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 159 44 74 530 387 327 
 
 pet 6 2 3 19 14 12 
 
 3< to <5: 
 
 Workers 236 100 78 523 1,187 331 
 
 pet 7 3 2 16 35 10 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 430 346 232 1,114 2,550 688 
 
 pet 5 4 3 14 31 8 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 316 129 239 1,100 2,644 229 
 
 pet 5 2 4 17 41 4 
 
 20<: 
 
 Workers 10 60 122 408 1,171 36 
 
 pet 3 6 19 55 2 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 23 25 30 131 85 5 
 
 pet __3 3 4 16 10 1 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 1,667 1,227 1,132 5,045 11,535 2,691 
 
 pet 5 4 3 15 34 8 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 81-160 
 
 161 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 h 
 
 350 
 5 
 
 484 
 
 7 
 
 1,137 
 17 
 
 6,616 
 100 
 
 49 
 NAp 
 
 55 
 2 
 
 421 
 
 11 
 
 634 
 17 
 
 3,665 
 100 
 
 62 
 
 NAp 
 
 144 
 5 
 
 471 
 17 
 
 629 
 23 
 
 2,764 
 100 
 
 72 
 
 NAp 
 
 44 
 1 
 
 162 
 5 
 
 690 
 21 
 
 3,349 
 100 
 
 42 
 NAp 
 
 216 
 3 
 
 302 
 4 
 
 2,345 
 29 
 
 8,223 
 100 
 
 36 
 
 NAp 
 
 116 
 2 
 
 171 
 3 
 
 1,548 
 24 
 
 6,492 
 100 
 
 29 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 285 
 13 
 
 2,117 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 530 
 64 
 
 828 
 100 
 
 15 
 
 NAp 
 
 924 
 3 
 
 2,035 
 6 
 
 7,798 
 23 
 
 34,054 
 100 
 
 43 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-29.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by years of age 
 
 Experience at 15 . 20 21 _ 23 2 4-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspeci- 
 
 present job, yr tied 
 
 0< to Ct: 
 
 Workers 237 477 664 790 1,314 1,023 1,256 777 78 
 
 pet 4 7 10 12 20 15 19 12 1 
 
 1< to <2: 
 
 Workers 56 109 278 280 1,061 521 827 448 85 
 
 pet 2 3 8 8 29 14 23 12 2 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 12 44 182 348 466 637 589 448 35 
 
 pet 2 7 13 17 23 21 16 1 
 
 3< to <5: 
 
 Workers 6 41 159 220 802 736 809 490 86 
 
 pet 1 5 7 24 22 24 15 3 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 14 98 743 1,269 1,903 2,636 1,543 18 
 
 pet 1 9 15 23 32 19 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 58 503 1,211 2,754 1,967 
 
 pet 1 8 19 42 30 
 
 2(K: 
 
 Workers 511 1,600 6 
 
 pet 24 76 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 5 26 52 72 149 138 177 209 
 
 pet 1 3 6 9 18 17 21 25 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 317 711 1,433 2,511 5,564 6,171 9,559 7,482 308 
 
 pet 1 2 4 7 16 18 28 22 1 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 
 6,616 
 
 35 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 3,665 
 
 37 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,764 
 
 38 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 3,349 
 
 39 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 8,223 
 
 41 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 6,492 
 
 45 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,117 
 
 54 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 828 
 
 40 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 34,054 
 
 41 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
30 
 
 Table E-30.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by sex 
 
 _ . . , Male Female Unspecified 
 
 Experience at present job, yr — — ■ — - 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 (K to «1 6,184 19 370 31 61 45 
 
 1< to <2 3,522 11 138 12 5 4 
 
 2<tO<3 2,658 8 100 8 6 5 
 
 3< to <5 3,254 10 95 8 
 
 5<to«10 7,829 24 375 32 19 14 
 
 10< to <20 6,440 20 20 2 32 23 
 
 20< 2,074 6 30 3 13 9 
 
 Unspecified 774 2 54 5 
 
 Total 32,735 100 1,182 TOO 13(5 100 
 
 Median yr. . 6 NAp 3 NAp 3 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 6,616 
 
 19 
 
 3,665 
 
 11 
 
 2,764 
 
 8 
 
 3,349 
 
 10 
 
 8,223 
 
 24 
 
 6,492 
 
 19 
 
 2,117 
 
 6 
 
 828 
 
 2 
 
 34,054 
 
 100 
 
 6 
 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-31 .—Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 
 
 White Black Hispanic 
 
 Experience at present job, yr Workers ^ -^^ ^ Workers 
 
 0<to«1 5,517 19 158 20 540 
 
 1<tO<2 2,957 10 68 9 462 
 
 2< to <3 2,384 8 31 4 277 
 
 3< to <5 2,742 10 48 6 469 
 
 5<to<10 6,803 24 211 27 1,027 
 
 10<to«20 5,697 20 182 23 583 
 
 20< 1,898 7 95 12 98 
 
 Unspecified 801 3 14 
 
 Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 
 
 Median yr. . 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 30 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 170 
 145 
 
 47 
 
 91 
 176 
 
 28 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 232 
 
 34 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 71 
 10 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 671 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 324 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 6,616 
 3,665 
 2,764 
 3,349 
 8,223 
 6,492 
 2,117 
 828 
 
 34,054 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-32.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 
 
 Experience at elementary school diploma diploma college degree 
 
 present job, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pd 
 
 0<to«1 163 10 678 19 3,101 20 758 23 895 17 793 26 228 18 6,616 19 
 
 1< to <2 105 6 416 11 1,732 11 275 8 578 11 444 14 116 9 3,665 11 
 
 2< to <3 56 3 212 6 1,278 8 144 4 661 12 367 12 46 4 2,764 8 
 
 3<to<5 214 13 349 10 1,285 8 315 10 637 12 436 14 113 9 3,349 10 
 
 5<tO«10 441 26 936 26 3,525 22 827 26 1,551 29 719 23 223 18 8,223 24 
 
 1CK to <20 443 26 721 20 3,302 21 769 24 825 15 140 5 292 23 6,492 19 
 
 20< 255 15 276 8 958 6 128 4 170 3 106 3 225 18 2.117 6 
 
 Unspecified 5 63 2 552 4 27 1 108 2 74 2 828 2 
 
 Total 1,682 100 3,650 100 15,733 100 3,243 100 5,425 100 3.079 100 1,242 100 34,054 100 
 
 Median . . . yr . . 8 NAp 6 NAp 6 NAp 6 NAp 5 NAp 3 NAp 8 NAp 6 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
31 
 
 Table E-33.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at 
 
 Experience at ^g 9 . 15 16 17 . 40 
 present company, yr 
 
 (K to <1: 
 
 Workers 199 594 495 705 1 ,087 
 
 pet 5 14 11 16 25 
 
 1< to <5: 
 
 Workers 219 102 101 839 1 ,091 
 
 pet 4 2 2 14 18 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 443 314 192 1,262 2,137 
 
 pet 6 4 2 16 28 
 
 10< to <15: 
 
 Workers 387 63 120 529 2,195 
 
 pet 7 1 2 9 39 
 
 15< to <20: 
 
 Workers 330 51 60 632 2,364 
 
 pet 7 1 1 12 47 
 
 20< to <25: 
 
 Workers 33 60 103 341 1 ,020 
 
 pet 2 3 5 16 47 
 
 25< to <30: 
 
 Workers 46 393 702 
 
 pet 3 27 47 
 
 30<" 
 
 Workers 10 25 298 819 
 
 pet 1 2 19 53 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 42 36 46 120 
 
 pet 16 14 18 46 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 1,667 1,227 1,132 5,046 11,535 
 
 pet 5 4 3 15 34 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 
 
 41-80 
 
 81-160 
 
 161 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 h 
 
 326 
 8 
 
 86 
 2 
 
 69 
 2 
 
 749 
 17 
 
 4,312 
 100 
 
 27 
 
 NAp 
 
 798 
 13 
 
 347 
 6 
 
 737 
 
 12 
 
 1,682 
 28 
 
 5,915 
 100 
 
 74 
 NAp 
 
 1,051 
 14 
 
 179 
 2 
 
 511 
 7 
 
 1,624 
 21 
 
 7,713 
 100 
 
 48 
 NAp 
 
 301 
 
 5 
 
 166 
 3 
 
 332 
 6 
 
 1,475 
 26 
 
 5,568 
 100 
 
 43 
 NAp 
 
 106 
 2 
 
 44 
 1 
 
 154 
 3 
 
 1,323 
 26 
 
 5,064 
 100 
 
 29 
 
 NAp 
 
 15 
 1 
 
 44 
 2 
 
 87 
 4 
 
 486 
 22 
 
 2,188 
 100 
 
 31 
 NAp 
 
 44 
 3 
 
 28 
 2 
 
 52 
 4 
 
 217 
 15 
 
 1 ,482 
 100 
 
 32 
 NAp 
 
 39 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 2 
 
 93 
 
 6 
 
 238 
 15 
 
 1,552 
 100 
 
 36 
 NAp 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 260 
 100 
 
 18 
 NAp 
 
 2,691 
 8 
 
 924 
 3 
 
 2,035 
 6 
 
 7,798 
 23 
 
 34,054 
 100 
 
 43 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-34.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 Experience at 15 . 20 21 . 23 24 . 26 27 . 2g 30 _ 34 
 present company, yr 
 
 0< to «1: 
 
 Workers 181 368 538 273 497 
 
 pet 4 9 12 6 12 
 
 1< to <5: 
 
 Workers 119 318 553 707 1,239 
 
 pet 2 5 9 12 21 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 9 342 1 ,332 2,023 
 
 pet 4 17 26 
 
 10< to <15: 
 
 Workers 199 1 ,634 
 
 pet 4 29 
 
 15< to <20: 
 
 Workers 166 
 
 pet 3 
 
 20< to «25: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 25< to <30: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 30<: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 17 16 5 
 
 pet 6 6 2 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 317 71 1 1 ,433 2,51 1 5,564 
 
 pet 1 2 4 7 16 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 experience at company, by years of age 
 
 35-39 
 
 40-49 
 
 50 + 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, 
 
 518 
 12 
 
 1,034 
 24 
 
 831 
 19 
 
 71 
 2 
 
 4,312 
 100 
 
 37 
 NAp 
 
 983 
 
 17 
 
 1,114 
 19 
 
 676 
 
 11 
 
 207 
 3 
 
 5,915 
 100 
 
 36 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,543 
 20 
 
 1,727 
 22 
 
 713 
 9 
 
 24 
 
 
 7,713 
 100 
 
 37 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,729 
 31 
 
 1,270 
 23 
 
 730 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 
 5,568 
 100 
 
 39 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,239 
 24 
 
 2,653 
 52 
 
 1,006 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 5,064 
 100 
 
 44 
 NAp 
 
 123 
 6 
 
 1,299 
 59 
 
 766 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 2,188 
 100 
 
 48 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 381 
 26 
 
 1,102 
 74 
 
 
 
 
 1,482 
 100 
 
 54 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 2 
 
 1,518 
 98 
 
 
 
 
 1,552 
 100 
 
 57 
 NAp 
 
 35 
 14 
 
 46 
 18 
 
 142 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 260 
 100 
 
 47 
 NAp 
 
 6,171 
 18 
 
 9,559 
 28 
 
 7,482 
 22 
 
 308 
 1 
 
 34,054 
 100 
 
 41 
 NAp 
 
32 
 
 Table E-35.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 Experience at Male Female 
 
 present company, yr Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 <K to «1 4,027 12 248 21 
 
 1< to <5 5,552 17 338 29 
 
 5< to <10 7,333 22 380 32 
 
 10< to 415 5,402 17 161 14 
 
 15< to <20 5,039 15 25 2 
 
 20< to <25 2,158 7 30 3 
 
 25<to<30 1,482 5 
 
 30< 1,552 5 
 
 Unspecified 190 1 
 
 Total 32,735 100 1,182 100 
 
 Median yr. . 10 NAp 6 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 experience at company, by sex 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 36 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 26 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 136 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 4,312 
 5,915 
 7,713 
 5,568 
 5,064 
 2,188 
 1,482 
 1,552 
 260 
 
 34,054 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-36.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 
 
 Experience at White Black Hispanic 
 
 present company, yr Workers pcT Workers pcT Workers 
 
 0<tO«1 3,757 13 16 2 248 
 
 1< to <5 4,954 17 177 22 491 
 
 5<to<10 6,515 23 113 14 915 
 
 10<to<15 4,762 17 134 17 578 
 
 15<to<20 3,972 14 198 25 829 
 
 20tO<25 1,846 6 80 10 213 
 
 25to<30 1,409 5 14 2 26 
 
 30 1,329 5 56 7 167 
 
 Unspecified 254 16 10 
 
 Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 
 
 Median yr. . 10 NAp 13 NAp 12 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 26 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 208 
 
 128 
 
 92 
 
 65 
 
 49 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 85 
 
 42 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 26 
 13 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 671 
 6 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 324 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 4,312 
 5,915 
 7,713 
 5,568 
 5.064 
 2.188 
 1.482 
 1,552 
 260 
 
 34.054 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 Table E-37.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 
 
 e«„ D ri=.„.„ o. Some Some high High school Vocational Some College , i nc ~w.ifiort Tntai 
 
 present company, e |e ™ntary school diploma diploma college degree UnspeClfied T ° ta ' 
 
 V Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0< to <1 134 8 266 7 2,238 14 538 17 675 12 342 11 118 10 4.312 13 
 
 1<tO<5 53 3 477 13 2,583 16 533 16 1,197 22 840 27 233 19 5.915 17 
 
 5<to«10 308 18 632 17 3,188 20 825 25 1,595 29 1.003 33 162 13 7,713 23 
 
 10<to«15 172 10 693 19 2,583 16 557 17 882 16 448 15 232 19 5.568 16 
 
 15<to«20 317 19 769 21 2,644 17 486 15 457 8 157 5 235 19 5,064 15 
 
 20< to ^25 73 4 337 9 1,180 7 60 2 308 6 106 3 125 10 2.188 6 
 
 25< to «30 245 15 190 5 613 4 118 4 112 2 79 3 125 10 1.482 4 
 
 30< 374 22 277 8 611 4 123 4 127 2 40 1 1.552 5 
 
 Unspecified 6 10 93 1 3 72 1 64 2 12 1 260 1 
 
 Total 1,682 100 3,650 100 15.733 100 3,243 100 5,425 100 3,079 100 1.242 100 34.054 100 
 
 Median. . .yr. . 18 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 13 NAp 10 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
33 
 
 Table E-38.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 
 
 elementary school diploma diploma college degree 
 
 Age, yr — 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 6 2 193 61 20 6 78 24 15 5 6 2 317 100 
 
 21-23 49 7 396 56 79 11 121 17 55 8 11 2 711 100 
 
 24-26 14 1 115 8 742 52 126 9 259 18 166 12 11 1 1,433 100 
 
 27-29 20 1 184 7 1,297 52 196 8 492 20 291 12 31 1 2,511 100 
 
 30-34 72 1 281 5 2,656 48 549 10 1,094 20 773 14 138 2 5,564 100 
 
 35-39 163 3 471 8 2,670 43 759 12 1,186 19 700 11 221 4 6,171 100 
 
 40-49 458 5 1,369 14 4,513 47 926 10 1,266 13 674 7 352 4 9,559 100 
 
 50+ 955 13 1,152 15 3,204 43 589 8 864 12 365 5 354 5 7,482 100 
 
 Unspecified 23 7 62 20 64 21 40 13 118 38 308 100 
 
 Total 1,682 5 3,650 il 15,733 46 3,243 10 5,425 16 3,079 9 1,242 4 34,054 100 
 
 Mean age. . .yr. . 50 NAp 44 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 39 NAp 38 NAp 44 NAp 41 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-39.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 
 
 Male Female 
 
 Workers pet Workers 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 303 1 13 
 
 21-23 673 2 32 
 
 24-26 1,255 4 178 
 
 27-29 2,313 7 168 
 
 30-34 5,407 17 157 
 
 35-39 6,008 18 144 
 
 40-49 9,215 28 331 
 
 50+ 7,285 22 152 
 
 Unspecified 276 1 6 
 
 Total 32,735 100 1,182 
 
 Mean age yr. . 41 NAp 37 
 
 White 27,715 85 997 
 
 Black 793 2 
 
 Hispanic 3,324 10 145 
 
 Other 642 2 29 
 
 Unspecified 262 1 1 1 
 
 Total 32,735 100 1,182 ~ 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 1 ,644 5 31 
 
 Some high school 3,531 11 120 
 
 High school diploma . . 15,212 46 467 
 
 Vocational diploma ... 3,107 9 136 
 
 Some college 5,213 16 206 
 
 College degree 2,817 9 217 
 
 Unspecified 1 ,21 1 4 5 
 
 Total 32,735 100 1 ,182 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 1 
 3 
 15 
 14 
 13 
 12 
 28 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 44 
 
 26 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 14 
 9 
 
 33 
 
 19 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 136 
 43 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 84 
 
 
 12 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 100 
 
 136 
 
 3 
 10 
 39 
 12 
 17 
 18 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 44 
 
 26 
 
 100 
 
 136 
 
 63 
 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 19 
 
 100 
 
 317 
 711 
 1,433 
 2,511 
 5,564 
 6,171 
 9,559 
 7,482 
 308 
 
 34,054 
 41 
 
 28,798 
 
 793 
 
 3,469 
 
 671 
 
 324 
 
 34,054 
 
 1,682 
 3,650 
 15,733 
 3,243 
 5,425 
 3,079 
 1,242 
 
 34,054 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 28 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 85 
 2 
 
 10 
 2 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 11 
 46 
 10 
 16 
 9 
 4 
 
 100 
 
34 
 
 Table E-40.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age and education, by race 
 
 White Black Hispanic 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 248 1 
 
 21-23 562 2 14 2 
 
 24-26 1,184 4 12 1 
 
 27-29 2,142 7 21 3 
 
 30-34 4,816 17 74 9 
 
 35-39 5,255 18 173 22 
 
 40-49 7,838 27 286 36 
 
 50+ 6,519 23 204 26 
 
 Unspecified 234 1 10 1 
 
 Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 
 
 Mean age yr . . 41 NAp 43 NAp 40 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 1,424 5 10 1 187 
 
 Some high school .... 3,034 11 51 6 437 
 
 High school diploma . . 13,162 46 385 49 1,792 
 
 Vocational diploma ... 2,815 10 32 4 313 
 
 Some college 4,619 16 64 8 584 
 
 College degree 2,851 10 112 
 
 Unspecified 892 3 250 32 45 
 
 Total 28,798 100 793 100 3,469 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 317 
 
 1 
 
 74 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 41 
 
 13 
 
 711 
 
 2 
 
 160 
 
 5 
 
 52 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 8 
 
 1,433 
 
 4 
 
 265 
 
 8 
 
 58 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 8 
 
 2,511 
 
 7 
 
 490 
 
 14 
 
 110 
 
 16 
 
 74 
 
 23 
 
 5,564 
 
 16 
 
 612 
 
 18 
 
 100 
 
 15 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 6,171 
 
 18 
 
 1,217 
 
 35 
 
 161 
 
 24 
 
 56 
 
 17 
 
 9,559 
 
 28 
 
 578 
 
 17 
 
 157 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 8 
 
 7,482 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 308 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 671 
 39 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 324 
 34 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 100 
 
 671 
 
 100 
 
 324 
 
 100 
 
 34,054 
 41 
 
 34,054 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 5 
 
 62 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,682 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 108 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 3,650 
 
 11 
 
 52 
 
 315 
 
 47 
 
 79 
 
 24 
 
 15,733 
 
 46 
 
 9 
 
 44 
 
 7 
 
 39 
 
 12 
 
 3,243 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 107 
 
 16 
 
 50 
 
 15 
 
 5,425 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 31 
 
 5 
 
 84 
 
 26 
 
 3,079 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 52 
 
 16 
 
 1,242 
 
 4 
 
 100 
 
 Table E-41 .—Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 
 
 employment size class 
 
 Employment size class 1 Workers CV, pet 
 
 1-19 1,771 iTo 
 
 20-49 1 ,695 27.3 
 
 50-99 2,101 15.5 
 
 100-249 7,715 6.6 
 
 250-499 5,590 1.0 
 
 500+ 17,068 .5 
 
 All groupings 35,940 1 .4 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the 
 primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published 
 injury statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-42.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by job title 
 
 Job title grouping 1 Workers CV, pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator .... 557 28.6 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 127 69.1 
 
 Blaster 189 26.2 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 65.8 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 1,040 10.2 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1 ,029 12.2 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1 ,663 7.8 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 629 13.2 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 195 28.9 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 4,284 7.0 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1 ,558 6.8 
 
 Maintenance 537 19.1 
 
 Working 1 ,874 9.9 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist . . : 7,857 3.6 
 
 Mine technical support 4,076 7.3 
 
 Office worker 1 ,886 9.7 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,275 2.4 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 968 14.5 
 
 Truck driver 2,184 8.4 
 
 All groupings 35.940 1 .4 
 
 ^s defined by MSHA: see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title 
 grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
35 
 
 Table E-43.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by principal 
 
 equipment operated 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 Workers CV, pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 650 22.9 
 
 Belt 127 69.1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 961 11.0 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 19.0 
 
 Drill (surface) 328 16.1 
 
 Explosives 1 75 29.3 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 1 ,003 8.7 
 
 Grader-scraper 195 28.9 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 7,888 2.3 
 
 Hoist-elevator 221 16.2 
 
 Many equipment 567 33.5 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,371 1 1 .0 
 
 Plant equipment 4,036 5.9 
 
 Pump 1 95 38.4 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,772 13.1 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 1 ,050 9.8 
 
 Truck (haulage) 2,299 7.5 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1,080 12.6 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 1,632 10.3 
 
 None 6,212 4.9 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 294 34.0 
 
 Unspecified 174 36.8 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1 .6 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-44.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, 
 
 by work location 
 
 Work location Workers 
 
 Underground mine 4,980 
 
 Surface at underground mine 1,756 
 
 Surface mine 10,992 
 
 Plant or mill 15,126 
 
 Office 3,087 
 
 All groupings 35,940 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 8.9 
 6.5 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 6.3 
 
 1.4 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rbunding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-45.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 
 
 experience at job, company, and mining 
 
 Experience, yr Workers CV, pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< tO«1 6,616 7.2 
 
 1< to <2 3,665 7.2 
 
 2< to <3 2,764 3.4 
 
 3< to <5 3,349 4.9 
 
 5< to <10 8,223 5.2 
 
 10< to «20 6,492 3.2 
 
 20< 2,117 10.0 
 
 Unspecified 828 15.7 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1 .6 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0<to<1 4,312 7.4 
 
 1< to «5 5,915 5.7 
 
 5< to <10 7,713 4.2 
 
 10< to <15 5,568 4.1 
 
 15< to <20 5,064 7.3 
 
 20< to <25 2,188 5.7 
 
 25< to <30 1,482 6.8 
 
 30< 1 ,552 6.0 
 
 Unspecified 260 40.5 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1 .6 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0<to «1 1,524 11.3 
 
 1< to <5 3,830 5.0 
 
 5< to <10 7,141 3.3 
 
 10< to <15 6,413 3.4 
 
 15<t0«20 5,751 6.0 
 
 20< to <25 2,740 7.4 
 
 25< to <30 1,740 9.7 
 
 30< 1,883 6.7 
 
 Unspecified 3,032 4.6 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1 .6 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-46.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, 
 
 by training received 
 
 Job training for last 2 yr, h Workers CV, pet 
 
 1,667 7lj 
 
 1-8 1,227 16.3 
 
 9-15 1,132 7.1 
 
 16 5,046 6.3 
 
 17-40 11,535 4.2 
 
 41-80 2,691 9.9 
 
 81-160 924 12.4 
 
 161+ 2,035 5.8 
 
 Unspecified 7,798 3.0 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1 .6 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
36 
 
 Table E-47.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, by age 
 
 Age, yr Workers CV, pet 
 
 15-20 317 15! 
 
 21-23 711 10.3 
 
 24-26 1 ,433 6.8 
 
 27-29 2,511 7.5 
 
 30-34 5,564 4.9 
 
 35-39 6,171 2.9 
 
 40-49 9,559 2.1 
 
 50+ 7,482 3.4 
 
 Unspecified 308 7.6 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1J> 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Table E-48.— Metallic mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 number of workers and coefficient of variation, 
 
 by sex, race, and education 
 
 Workers CV, pet 
 
 Ssx" 
 
 Male 32,735 1.7 
 
 Female 1,182 10.6 
 
 Unspecified 136 51 .9 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1 .6 
 
 White 28,798 2.3 
 
 Black 793 20.3 
 
 Hispanic 3,469 7.1 
 
 Other 671 8.6 
 
 Unspecified 324 31 .8 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 1,682 14.8 
 
 Some high school 3,650 7.2 
 
 High school diploma 15,733 1.7 
 
 Vocational diploma 3,243 7.3 
 
 Some college 5,425 1.6 
 
 College degree 3,079 8.1 
 
 Unspecified 1,242 12.8 
 
 All groupings 34.054 1 .6 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
37 
 
 APPENDIX F.— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS 
 
 AND QUESTIONNAIRE 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Mine Manager: 
 
 The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
 in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
 acterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 
 training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
 lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought by 
 this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 
 
 Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
 industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
 the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
 to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
 from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
 vidual workers at your mine. 
 
 Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
 individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
 purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
 tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 
 
 Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
 form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 
 
 Ms. Shail Butani 
 
 Bureau of Mines 
 
 5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 
 
 Minneapolis, MN 55417 
 
 Telephone: (612) 725-4500 
 
 Thank you for your time and effort. 
 
 (Note: Collect calls regarding 
 this survey will be accepted during 
 regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
 4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 <tm/ 
 
 Enclosure 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Employer: 
 
 Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
 for the raining industry. This information will be used to produce the 
 characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
 nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
 response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
 original was misplaced or did not reach you. 
 
 Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
 in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
 a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
 and will be used for statistical purposes only. 
 
 If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
 of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
 you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
 during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 
 
 Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
 mine -worker population. 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 Enclosure 
 

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