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 TB£ AMERICAN mOLUIlOS. 
 
 BY IRWIN MAnON, 
 
 CABLI3LB, PKNN'A. 
 
 Delivered before the Historical Meeting of 
 the Hamilton Library Association, on 
 Friday evening, October 18th, 1907. 
 Reprinted Irom The Shippensbdbg News. 
 
 Through the courtesy of Capt. Miller, 
 there aie here this evening.two photo- 
 graphs, representing an interesting link in 
 the chain of events, connected with the his- 
 tory of our Uebellion. One is a photograph 
 of Gen. Meade's Corps Commanders, and 
 the other, a party of distinguished French- 
 men, who in company with Gen. Meade's 
 Corps Commanders visited the battlefields 
 of the Peninsula and Gettysburg in Oc- 
 tober, 1890. 
 
 At the close of the Kevolution in 1783, 
 the "Society of the Cincinnati" was in- 
 stituted by the heroes of that war, and at 
 the close of the Rebellion, in 186.5, forty- 
 two years ago, and eighty-two years after 
 the society of the Cincinnati was organiz- 
 ed, the heroes of that war, actuated by the 
 same loyalty to the country, instituted the 
 "Grand Army of the Republic." And at 
 the close of my address, I shall, with your 
 permission, have a word to say in explana- 
 tion of this memorable gathering at Gettys- 
 burg. In doing so, I will not detain you 
 to exceed ten minutes. 
 
 In attempting to cite instances from the 
 literature of the American Revolution, the 
 question of the dfcvelopment of American 
 industries, naturally occupies an important 
 place, and since it is impossible upon this 
 occasion, to cover the entire field o( pro- 
 gress along these lines, I will by way of 
 
L10-: 
 
 illustration, coll a few facts from one of 
 the greatest factors in American industrial 
 life, iron and steel. 
 
 Three hundred and twenty- five years 
 ago, in 1582. Queen Elizabeth conceived a 
 great liking for Sir Walter Baieigh, and as 
 an evidence of her regard, gave him a 
 giant of land on Wocoken Island, in North 
 Carolina, and two years afterward, in 1584, 
 he sent out Amidas and Arthur Barlow to 
 investigate and report upon bis possessions 
 in the New World. A learned historian, 
 named Harriot, accompanied the expedi- 
 tion, and he it was who reported the dis- 
 covery of iron in America. Twenty-four 
 years afterwards, 1608, the first ship load 
 of American iron ore was sent to London, 
 which when smelted, produced seventeen 
 Tons of iron, worth $20 00 a ton, and the 
 total value of the first year's bnsinbss was 
 $340 00. From this small beginning, be- 
 gan the great iron and steel industry of 
 America. 
 
 The first iron works was located sixty 
 miles from Jamestown, near the James 
 Biver, in Virginia. The settlement estab- 
 lished was called "Falling Creek." In 
 1622 it was destroyed by the Powhatan 
 Indians, no one escaping with their life, 
 but the son of John Berkley, the manager 
 of the works. 
 
 Twenty years afterwards, in 1642, the 
 first colonial iion works was located in 
 Lynn, Massachusetts, and for twenty-one 
 years was supreme in its control of iron 
 making in this country. So many special 
 privileges were granted this company, that 
 it was looked upon by the Puritans as in 
 league with pirates, and they drove it out 
 of business. 
 
 John Jenks, of Lynn, Massachusetts, 
 made the first saw mill, 'the first fire engine, 
 the first wire, the first scythe, and the diea 
 
for the famous pine tree money, the earliest 
 coinage minted in the Colonies. 
 
 Captain Angustine Washington, and 
 Mordeoai Lincoln, the great-great grand- 
 father of Abraham Lincoln, were both iron 
 workers in the early history of the conutry. 
 Of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, George Taylor, Stephen Hop- 
 kins, James Smith, and George Koss, were 
 iron masters. 
 
 Col. Ethan Allen, Gen. Phillip Benner, 
 Col. James Chambers, Capt. Robert Cole- 
 man, Col. Persifer Frazier, Major-General 
 Nathaniel Greene, Col. Christopher Green- 
 up, Col. Curtis Grubb, Col. Peter Grubb, 
 Gen. James Irvine, Gen. Thomas Johnson, 
 Gen. William Lewis, Col. Isaac Meeson, 
 Col. Mathiot, Gen. Daniel Morgan, Gen. 
 Kufus Putnam, Col. Paul Revere, Major 
 Samuel M. Reynolds, Capt. William Rich- 
 ards, Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Gen. William 
 Alexander, Lord Sterling, Col. Joseph 
 
 ° Vaughn, Col. Wm. D. Waples, and Col. 
 
 ^» Gardiner H. Wright, were all trusted 
 
 officers of General Washington, and were 
 "from the Furnace and the Forge." 
 
 The fit-Ht boiler plates made in this 
 country after the close of the Revolution- 
 ary War, were successfully manufactured 
 by Mrs. Rebecca Lukins, of Coatesvilie, 
 Pennsylvania. The boiler plat(S made by 
 her, were used by George Stephenson in 
 building the firs<t locomotive. 
 
 One hundred and eighty-eight years ago, 
 in 1719, England learned that there were 
 six furnaces, and nineteen forges in Amer- 
 ica, and at once British ironmasters de- 
 manded of the government pruteotion of 
 s\ their home interests against this competi- 
 
 tion, and an act was passed of outlawry 
 and confiscation against every English 
 born skilled worker in the American Col- 
 onies. So drastic were the measures taken 
 
 
by the English Government to destroy the 
 iron indnstry of this country, and so de- 
 termined were the iron workers of the Col- 
 onies to make a success of their iron inter- 
 ests, that Casson in his Romance of Steel, 
 intimates that the "first blow of the Revo- 
 lution was stuck, not by the sword of 
 Bunker Hill, but by the tilting-hammers 
 of the Colonial ironmasters." 
 
 It is now just two hundred and ninety- 
 nine years since the first ship load of 
 American iron ore was sent to London, and 
 the total value of the first year's business 
 was $340 00. This was in 1608, and to- 
 day, America has one organized iron and 
 steel industry alone,— "The Uuitsd States 
 Steel Corporation,"— that paid out in 
 wages last year, one hundred and twenty- 
 eight millons of dollars, and gives steady 
 employment to one hundred and eighty 
 thousand workmen, an organization that 
 has been most generous in its prompt 
 recognition in every department, of those 
 in its employ worthy of consideration. In 
 recognizing fidelity and ability, this cor- 
 poration not only secured rapid success 
 for itself, but made more young million- 
 aires than any other single business in- 
 stitution in the world. 
 
 "There is no need of charcoal— air alone 
 is f U£ 1," cried William Kelley, when watch- 
 ing the "finery fire," in his Iron Works, 
 near Eddyville, Kentucky, he saw a white 
 hot spot in the yellow mass of molten 
 metal, and air as fuel, and not charcoal 
 became the creator of cheap steel, and 
 America not only the leading nation of the 
 world in its manufacture, but Kelly, an 
 Irish-American from Pittsburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, the first inventor of "Bessemer 
 Steel," and American industrial life, inde- 
 pendent of the old world's favors. To the 
 memory of such men justice should be 
 
done, M fftf M it can be dotte, by a jast 
 and grateful conntry. 
 
 In 1834, Daniel Webster in speakinf; in 
 the United States Senate, of the revolt of 
 the American Colonies, said: 
 
 "On this question of principle, while 
 actual sufferiiig was yet afar off, they 
 raised their flag against a power to which, 
 for purposes of foreign conquest and sub- 
 jugation, Rome, in the heighth of her 
 glory, is not to be compared ; a power 
 which has dotted over the surface of the 
 whole globe with her possessions and mili- 
 tary posts, whose morning drum-beat, 
 following the sun, and keeping company 
 with the hours, circles the earth with one 
 continous and unbroken strain of the 
 martial airs of England." 
 
 When the Eighteenth Century began, 
 our flag on a frail standard was floating on 
 the rim of the Eastern Sea. It was a 
 strange new light, but did not much attract 
 the eyes of the world. Warring Europe 
 hardly raised its eyes to mark whether 
 there was a significance in the new light 
 or not. But it began to push its way west- 
 ward and soon shone out from tbe crests 
 of the Alleghenies and Blue Kidge. Then 
 it began to shed light over the broad lands 
 in the Country's central great valley. 
 Suddenly it blazed out like a search light 
 all up and down the Father of Waters. 
 Then war came and the flag took on more 
 vivid colors at Niagara, at New Orleans 
 and from the foremast of the old "Consti- 
 tution. " 
 
 Strange new voices began to be heard 
 through the heavy respiration of steam 
 engines and the click of the telegraph. 
 Cities began to appear and state after state 
 rounded into form. In the meantime the 
 forests were melting away and in their 
 stead fair homes and fruitful flelds appear- 
 
fid, and every year the greetinga to the flag 
 took on a deeper red and purer white as It 
 flashed alonR the Rio Grande, up the Rooky 
 Moantalns, over the City of Mexico, and 
 In the land of Sunshine on the sunset sea. 
 Then from that land a stream of gold 
 began to flow eastward and the business of 
 tbe East received a new Impetus, and In 
 swifter flow and mightier volume the tide 
 of immigration turned upon our shores. 
 
 Then came another war, so terrible that 
 the old flag went down under the canopies 
 of Innumerable battles, millions of anxious 
 souls wondered if indeed Its clestlal light 
 was not going iuto final eclipse. 
 
 But it emerged at last and under its new 
 and purer light, it was seen that the chains 
 of the slave had been melted away. 
 
 Then came another war, m which the 
 soldiers of the North and South, again 
 hand in hand, took the sunshine and the 
 storm of camp together and marched side 
 by side under one flag, In one cause, and 
 for one country. 
 
 Since then Its splendor has Increased 
 until it fills the world with light and sym- 
 bolizing as It formerly did new privileges 
 to men ; It has taken on sovereign propor- 
 tions and flashes the certain truth, that 
 liberty exalteth a nation and produces the 
 highest types of men. 
 
 Under that advancing flag a continent, 
 yes, more than a continent has been re- 
 deemed from barbarism and dedicated to 
 civilization. Uader that flag the free 
 school was born and has been extended 
 until the sweetest greeting to this the New 
 Century, was the singing of the children In 
 those schools, which began In the East 
 with the dawn and rolled on In unbroken 
 chorus while the sun was making one- 
 eighth of Its dally round. 
 And all this and more is due to the work 
 
that onr fathers performed when they call- 
 ed this nation into life and started it apon 
 its upward way. They transmitted to us a 
 nation on a new plan ; one that meant 
 absolute freedom under the law; freedom 
 of thought, of speech, of presn, religious, 
 personal freedom, and the opening of every 
 opportunity of this fair land to every one 
 of Its children. And it is for us to keep it, 
 and its great flag sacred, and transmit so 
 great an inheritance with increased splen- 
 dor and power to our children. 
 
 The Honorable James Wilson, L. L. D., 
 who for nine years, from 1789 to 1798, was 
 one of the associate justices of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States; and one 
 hundred and seventeen years ago, in 1790, 
 when the law professorship in the College 
 of Philadelphia was created, was appoint- 
 ed its first proressor, and in 1791, was 
 selected by the general Assembly of Pen- 
 nsylvania to revise and digest the laws of 
 the Commonwealth, said, in speaking of 
 the greatness of the work accomplished by 
 the Fathers of our Country. 
 
 "In the European temple of fame, Wil- 
 liam Penn is placed by the side of Lycur- 
 gae; Will America refuse a temple to her 
 patriots and her heroesT No, she will not. 
 The gierious dome already rises. Its 
 architecture is of the neatest and chastest 
 order; its dimensions are spacious; its 
 proportions are elegant and correct. In 
 its trout a number of nicdes are formed. 
 In some of them statues are placed. On 
 the left hand of the portal, are the names 
 and figures of Warreu, Montgomery, Mer- 
 cer. Oa the right hand, are the names 
 and figures of Calvert, Penn, Franklin. In 
 the middle, is a niche of laiger size, and 
 decorated witb peculiar ornaments. On 
 the left aide of it, are sculptured the 
 trophies of war; ou the right, the more 
 
precioDs emblem of peace. Abote it, is 
 represented the rising glory of the United 
 States. It is without a statue and without 
 a name. Beneath it in letters very legible, 
 are these words,— '-For the Most Worthy.' 
 By the enraptured voice of grateful Amer- 
 ica—with the consenting plaudits of an 
 admiring world, the designation is unani- 
 mously made, bate very late may the 
 niche be filled." 
 
 James Wilson was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1742, and died with honors bright 
 around him in 1798, in the 56th year of 
 his age. 
 
 la beholding the monuments, statues 
 and pictures of ihustrious men ; in honor- 
 ing and holding in close aflecionate remem- 
 brance the names and achievements of 
 of those whose valor made us free, or by 
 whose wisdom we may become wise; of 
 the heroes of our own country; of the 
 patriots of our own history; of the sages 
 and men of genius of all countries; of the 
 heroes of humanity; of the benefactors of 
 the human race, surrounded as they are 
 with the venerable forms of the wisest and 
 best of the world's sons, gives form and 
 life to the truest and best perception of 
 duty and loyalty, keeping constantly be- 
 fore us the sacred image of our country. 
 
 In speaking of men who did a good day's 
 work in the struggle for American Inde- 
 pendence, and laid the foundation upon 
 which the great Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
 vania has been built, especially those 
 brave spirits whose lives were closely 
 associated with the breaking of the wilder- 
 ness of this beautiful valley, the mention- 
 ing of a few facts, even though they be an 
 old story, connected with its early hifatory, 
 may not prove uninteresting. 
 
 The great valley, of which the Cumber- 
 land Valley of Pennsylvania forma « part, 
 
James Wilson was lK)rii near St. Andrews, Scotland, Sept. 14, 1742; crai- 
 g' iated to America 1765; settled in Pennsylvania; read law with John Dickinson; began to 
 P'iactlce first at Reading, and then at Carlisle; member of Continent^xl Congress; signer of 
 D Bclaration of Independence; member of the United States Constitutional Convention, 1787; 
 Jv^stice of the supreme Cov.rt of United States, 17S9-1798; died at Edcnton, North Carolina. 
 A ing. 28t.h,1798. 
 
 m 
 
extends nnder different names, from the 
 southern extremity of Vermont, across the 
 HndHon at Newbnrg, the Delaware at 
 Easton, the Sasqnehanna at Harrisbure, 
 the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, and the 
 James at Lynchburg, then sweeps around 
 through Tennessee, and is lost in Alabama 
 and the south west. It rests between two 
 chains of the great Appalachian Kange, 
 running from the Northeast to the South- 
 west, and touch it where you may, you find 
 it one of America's most charming attrac- 
 tions. 
 
 It IS stated by those who claim to have 
 investigated the subject, that "while many 
 Indians of many tribes roamed through 
 the Cumberland Valley, while on the war 
 pttth or the hunt, it never was a favorite 
 abiding place of the Bed Man." It seems, 
 however, to have been the home, (begin- 
 ning with the year 1720, when James Le 
 Tort, a French tSwiss, acting as an Indian 
 interpreter and messenger for the Govern- 
 ment, built his o&bin, at "Beaver Fond," 
 near where Carlisle now stands), of many 
 great, good and brave men ; men who, 
 whether in legislative halls, the field or the 
 forum, proved their ability to measure 
 steel with the brigbtest, the bravest, and 
 the best blood of other and older lands. 
 
 James Le Tort, it is said, was the first 
 settlur in this section of the Cumberland 
 Valley; Tobias Hendricks the next, in or 
 about 1725, then Andrew Balston, in 1728, 
 with one son and two daughters, took up 
 his abode near "Big Spring." 
 
 In 1726, James, Robert, Joseph and 
 Benjamin Chambers reached Pbiiadelphia. 
 Their first homa in this country was at the 
 mouth of "Fishing; Creek," on the east 
 bank of the Susquehanna River, a few 
 miles above Uarrisburg. They could not 
 resibt the charms of the Cumberland Valley 
 
10 
 
 however, and in 1730, crossed the river, 
 although the Valley was not then legally 
 open for settlement, nor was it nntil the 
 purchase of 1736. Blumston, William 
 Penn's land agent, issued squatters' 
 licenses, and the Chambers brothers here 
 established their permanent homes. James 
 located at the head of "Green Spring," 
 near Newville; Robert at the head of 
 "Middle Spring," near Shippensburg, and 
 Joseph and . Benjamin at "Falling 
 Spring," and here laid out Chambersburg, 
 one of the most beautiful and enterprising 
 towns to be found anywhere in this region 
 of many and varied attractions and advant- 
 ages. 
 
 Forty five years after Joseph and Ben- 
 jamin Chambers settled at "Falling 
 Spring," and twenty five years after 
 Cumberland County was established, and 
 two years after the inhabitants of Boston 
 threw ship loads of tea into the harbor 
 rather than pay an obnoxious duty, and 
 one year after the Boston Post Bill deprived 
 Boston of its commercial riglits, and the 
 Massachusetts Government Bill, took away 
 from the colony the ordinary political 
 liberties of Englishmen, and two months 
 and a half after the first skirmish of the 
 inevitable war of the Revolution was 
 fougW at Lexington, and one year before 
 the Thirteen Colonies united in the Con- 
 gress, that issued the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, and England put forth all its 
 strength to beat down resistance, increas- 
 ing her armies with hirelings bought from 
 German Princes, one morning in the month 
 of July, 1775, a drum beat was heard in 
 the streets of Carlisle. It was the an- 
 nouncement of the arrival of Captain 
 James Chambers and his company of rifle- 
 men on their way to Cambridge, where 
 they were one of the nine companies from 
 
11 
 
 Pennsylvania formed into the battalion 
 comanded by Col. Wm. Tbompson. The 
 companies were hU from the back parts of 
 the province, and were known as Col. 
 Thompson's battalion of hardy moantain- 
 eer riflemen. They were a remarkable 
 body of magnificent marksmen, celebrated 
 for the accuracy of their aim; striking with 
 great certainty, at a distance of two hund- 
 red yards, an object of seven inches in 
 diameter. 
 
 Captain James Chambers was the son of 
 Col. Benjamin Chambers, and was pro- 
 moted for his bravery in the Long Island 
 Campaign to Lieutenant Colonel First 
 Continental Infantry, March 7, 1776; Col- 
 onel of the 10th Penna., March 12, 1777, to 
 rank from September 28, 1776; transfer- 
 red to iHt Penna., April 12, 1777; wounded 
 at Brandywine, September 11, 1777, and 
 retired from the Army, January 17, 1781. 
 So much can be said of this distinguished 
 and patriotic family, that 1 must leave it 
 here for others more competent to handle 
 in detail, and I know of no one belter armed 
 and equipped for that service than the 
 Vice President of your Historical Society, 
 Mr. J. Zeamer, of Carlisle. 
 
 Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester were 
 the first three counties organized in Penn- 
 sylvania, and they were formed in 1682. 
 Then came Lancaster in 1729. Then York 
 in 1749, and one year afterward, on the 
 27th day of January, 1750, Cumberland, 
 the 6th County, took its place on the map 
 of the "Old Keystone" State. In 1751, 
 the borough of Carlisle was laid out by 
 Nicholas Scull, assisted by George Steven- 
 son, L L D., and on the 23rd day of July, 
 1751, the first Justice Court was held 
 within its limits, and in 1755, George 
 Stevenson, who was then a resident of 
 York, Penna , was appointed under the 
 
1& 
 
 reign of George II, Judge of the Conntles 
 of York and Cumberland. In 1769, he 
 settled in Carlisle, and for twenty-four 
 years was a leading member of the bar. 
 His wife was Mrs. Mary Cookson, sister of 
 General William Tbompson, and widow of 
 Thomas Cookson, a distinguished Lawyer 
 ot Lancaster, Lancaster County, Pa. 
 
 The three and a half story brick house, 
 two doors below the residence of William 
 M. Henderson, on North Hanover Street, 
 and now occupied by the Carlisle Civic 
 Club, an enterprising organization that 
 has, under the management of Mrs. Gert- 
 rude Bosler Biddle, accomplished so much 
 good in the interests of the Borough, and 
 was for so many years used as a private 
 boarding house by Miss Barbara Egolf, 
 was in the early days a 2^ story stone 
 building and was built by Dr. George Stev- 
 enson for his mother, after the death of his 
 father. Judge Stevenson, and was where 
 General George W^ashington was enter- 
 tained when in Carlisle by Mrs. Stevenson. 
 Judge Stevenson had one son, and three 
 daughters. Major George Stevenson, a 
 prominent physician and surgeon ; Nancy, 
 the wife of John Holmes, a leading mer- 
 chant of Baltimore, Md. ; Katherine, the 
 wife of General John Wilkins of Pitts- 
 burgh, and Mary, the wife of Dr. James 
 Armstrong, the son of the hero of Kitan- 
 ning. 
 
 Major Stevenson was twice married, his 
 first wife, by whom he had eight children, 
 was a Miss Holmes of Pittsburgh, and his 
 second wife, who was a Miss Barker of 
 Delaware, favored him with twelve, mak- 
 ing twenty in all. His daughter Jane was 
 the wife of the Hon. James W. Marshall, 
 for many years Professor of Ancient Lan- 
 guages in Dickinson College, and in 1861, 
 was appointed by President Lincoln Unit- 
 
13 
 
 ed States Consnl at Leeds, England, and 
 in 1869 be was appointed First Assistant 
 Post-Master General by General Grant. 
 She «vas descended on her mother's side, 
 (who was, as I have stated, Miss Barker 
 of Delaware) from General Thomas Col- 
 lins, one of the Revolationary Committee 
 of Safety of that State. And her father, 
 Major George Stevenson was a Kevola- 
 tionary Officer at Valley Forge and fought 
 at Brandywine. He was a personal friend 
 ot Washington and Lafayette, and one of 
 the founders of the Society of the Cincin- 
 nati. 
 
 When the Hessians made their attack at 
 Chad's Ford, and crossed the Forks of 
 Brandywine Creek, forcing the patriots' 
 right, under General Sullivan to give way, 
 and our army to retreat, so perfect was 
 the order maintained, that in twenty three 
 days afterward, on October 4th, 1777, 
 Washington made a sudden attack on Gen- 
 eral Howe's position at Germantown, but 
 owing to a heavy fog, his forces became 
 confused, and were driven back with 
 heavy loss. This defeat gave the British 
 possession of Philadelphia, forcing the 
 American Army into winter quarters at 
 Valley Forge. The troops were without 
 shoes, and the snow was stained with the 
 marks of their bleeding feet. The time 
 was a critical one for the nation. There 
 was no money with which to pay the 
 troops, but dark as the hour was, it was 
 not dark enough to destroy the patriotism 
 of Robert Morris of Philadelphia, who, 
 realizing the necessities of the occasion, 
 raissd large sums of money for the govern- 
 ment on his personal credit, and among 
 those who contributed to the limit of his 
 ability to this fund, was Major George 
 Stevenson. 
 
 The late Dr. Thomas Collins SteveuBon, 
 
14 
 
 of Carlisle, was Mrs. Marshall's brother. 
 He married Miss Eliza Duncan, of Pitts- 
 burgh, and was the father of eight chil- 
 dren, namely, George, Raymond, Duncan, 
 Sarah, Maria, Barker, Jane and Katherine, 
 all of whom are dead, excepting Maria 
 Barker, wife of Irwin Mahon, and Kathe- 
 rine, wife of Adam Kellar, Cashier for 
 more than twenty-five years, of the Car- 
 lisle Deposit Bank. 
 
 Mrs. Kellar has in her possession many 
 interesting Revolutionary relics, that be- 
 longed to her Grandfather Major Geerge 
 Stevenson, and among them a plan of the 
 Battle of Brandywine drawn by him, a 
 duplicate of which he presented to Gen'l 
 Lafayette on the occasion of his visit to 
 the battle field in September, 1825, eighty- 
 two years ago. Major Stevenson was a 
 Lieutenant in the Ist Penna. Regiment at 
 that battle, and greatly signalized himself 
 by rescuing and drawing off a piece of 
 artillery, (in a shower of cannester and 
 grape) abandoned by Captain Courtney. 
 The location of this piece of artillery is 
 marked on the chart. 
 
 On the occasion of the celebration of 
 the anniversary of this battle, General 
 Lafayette's son, George, rode with Major 
 Stevenson in his barouche to the battle 
 ground, and the committee of escort 
 brought General Lafayette to Major Stev- 
 enson's house at Wilmington, Delaware, 
 where he then resided, and where the 
 entire party lunched. 
 
 By permission of Mrs. Keller, I have 
 had a photograph taken of Major Steven- 
 son's plan of the Battle of the Brandy- 
 wine, and take pleasure in presenting 
 same to your Society. 
 
 Judge George Stevenson, the father of 
 Major George Stevenson was born in 
 Dublin, Ireland, in 1718, educated at 
 
15 
 
 Trinity ColleRe, and emiRranted to Ameri- 
 ca about the middle of the century. He 
 was not only a lawyer by profession, but 
 also a practical surveyor, and soon after 
 reaching this country was appointed de- 
 puty surveyor general, under Nicholas 
 Scull, and placed in charge of the three 
 lower Counties on the Delaware, then 
 known as the "Territory of Pennsylvania," 
 and secured by William Penn from the 
 Duke of York in 1682. 
 
 He died in Carlisle in 1783, and his 
 widow, eight years afterward, in 1791. 
 Much of his correspondence is on file in 
 the Colonial Records, and the Archives of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 The men who laid the foundation, and 
 accomplished so much in the development 
 of Carlisle and the Cumberland Valley, 
 were men possessed of strong minds, and 
 iron constitutions, with great enterprise, 
 perserveranco and unshaken courage. 
 The memory and example of such men 
 should be held by every loyal citizen, aa 
 among their most precious possessions, 
 and their names more and more honored 
 with the lapse of time. 
 
 Early as the day was in the history of 
 this valley, they were ready to and did 
 uphold and strengthen the hands of the 
 patriots who made the first advance to- 
 wards a continental union in Massachu- 
 setts, in 176.'), and endorsed the delegates 
 from the nine provinces that assembled iu 
 New York and a^rreed to a declaration of 
 rights, and a statement of grievances, in 
 October of that same year. 
 
 Call it, if you please, the vagaries of an 
 enthusiast, but there is no place in the 
 United Statfro of North America that has 
 more of intense interest, revolutionary and 
 otherwise, than the charming Cumberland 
 Valley. Wiite up its history in detail, 
 
giving credit where credit is doe, and the 
 eyes of the world will be opened up to the 
 trntb of this statement as they have never 
 been before. 
 
 Thirty-one years previous to 1765, in 
 1734, one hundred and seventy three years 
 ago, and sixteen years prior to the organ- 
 ization of Cumberland County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and seveateeu years after the 
 Borough of Carlisle was established, the 
 trial and acquittal of Peter Zmger, was 
 declared by the people to be "The Morn- 
 ing Star," of the Amesican Revolution, 
 and twenty- SIX years afterwards in 1760, 
 so earnest was James Ocis in his defence 
 of the cause of the people, that he was 
 proclaimed "A Flame of Fire," and John 
 Adams said, "In him was born American 
 Independence." 
 
 Dickens, in his writings says, "It is an 
 exquisite and beautiful thing in our nature, 
 that when the heart is touched and soft 
 ened by some tranquil happiness or affec- 
 tionate feelings, the memory of the dead 
 comes over it most powerfully and irresis- 
 tibly. It would seem as though our better 
 thoughts and sympathies were claims, in 
 virtue of which the soul is enabled to hold 
 some vague and mysterous intercourse 
 with the spirits of those we dearly loved 
 in life." 
 
 In paying tribute of admiration to, and 
 love for the memory of the men who were 
 engaged in the great work of establishing 
 a free republic, and in keeping alive from 
 one generation to another through the 
 ages, their names and their achievements, 
 is no idle thought, but the keeping alive 
 in the hearts of all true Americans, that 
 spirit of patriotic devotion, that is the 
 real quickening power, that will ever 
 kindle the flame of sacred love of country 
 and our country's best interests. 
 
IT 
 
 la models of patriotism, public virtae 
 and splendid achievements, Pennsylvania 
 was most fraitfol, beginnio^; at the time, 
 two hundred and twenty five years ago, 
 when the fine associations and generous 
 sympathies of William Penn and his fol- 
 lowers met, on the broad pathway of good 
 faith and good will, the savage chiefs of 
 the American wilderness. 
 
 In the history of the world there is no 
 instance where love of country has been 
 tixhibited in bolder deeds than by those 
 who carried us through the struggle for in- 
 dependence. The battles which were 
 fought employed but few persons it is true, 
 compared with the immense armies brought 
 into the fields by more recent warfare; 
 but then the stake for which they contend- 
 ed was of such magnitude that the present 
 political condition of the civilized world 
 can be traced up to its being won. 
 
 Great is our wealth, -great is our domain,- 
 bat greater than these, and of more im- 
 portance than all of them is our intellectual 
 and moral advance, our conscientious 
 citizenship, our love of home and country — 
 the dominant cord in American life. 
 
 The facility with which the patriots of 
 the American Kevolution passed from the 
 excitement and turbulance of war to the 
 cultivation cf the arts of peace, is one of 
 the most n-markable of the numerous ex 
 cellenciee for which they were cotispicu 
 ous. They did not merely convert weapons 
 of warfare into implements of agriculture. 
 They displayed in civil oecnpations those 
 exalted intellectual qualities which are 
 Qf^ually the growth of peaceful nurture, 
 but which in them seemed to spricg op 
 spontaneously, in defiance of adverse cir- 
 cumstances and perilous commotions. 
 Perhaps the very concussions of society 
 may have elicited the sparks of genius 
 
18- 
 
 which otherwise would have Iain inert, and 
 never have been brought into existence. 
 
 Whatever may be the temporary applause 
 of man, or the expressions of public opin- 
 ion, it may be asserted without fear of 
 contradiction, that no true and permanent 
 fame can be founded, except in labors 
 which promise the happiness of mankind. 
 
 Honor and fame are the legitimate re- 
 ward ot virtue and talent. Like wealth, 
 they may be sometimes unwisely bestow- 
 ed; but when yielded to merit or won by 
 industry, they hang like a graceful robe on 
 their wearer, imparting dignity and com- 
 manding respect. Beneficently placed 
 within the reach of all, they appear like 
 trophies to be won and worn by tnose who 
 successfully contend against indolence and 
 vice, and it is of rare occurance in the 
 history of any country, that superior men- 
 tal attainments, in alliance with moral 
 worth, judiciously directed and activity 
 employed, have failed in their attainment. 
 A new attestation of this universal truth 
 will be found in the history of the heroes 
 of Pennsylvania before, during and after 
 the revolutionary war, and the war of 1812. 
 I only wish it were possible at this time, 
 and upon this occasion to make special 
 meiitiou by name of all her brave sons. 
 
 Among the many brave and distinguish- 
 ed oflieers of the Revolution was Colonel 
 John Edgar Howard, born in Baltimore 
 county, Maryland, June 4cb, 1752, and 
 died October 12th 1827. 
 
 Not only because of the beauty of the 
 thought, but because of the patriotic sen- 
 timent contained in it, 1 am tempted to 
 quote a portion of an obituary notice writ- 
 ten at the time of his death, by a celebrat- 
 ed dignitary of the Catholic Church. 
 
 "One after another the stars of our rev- 
 olutionary firmauent are siuking below the 
 
19 
 
 horizon. They rise io another hemis- 
 phere as they set to us; and the youth of 
 other times will gaze upon their luster as 
 he learns thoir names and marks them 
 clustering into constellatioos, which will 
 recall to his mind some interesting event 
 of our period of struggle." 
 
 It was a period of struggle and great 
 events, the breaking of the wilderness of 
 this young republic, and as the mighty 
 monarchs of the forest thundered their 
 protest as they fell, their appeal was un- 
 heeded ; the fires were lit, and the winding 
 sheet of gray ash lent an added richness to 
 the golden harvests which have since fed 
 the world. 
 
 Oar patriots in their progress to inde- 
 pendence, successfully encountered many 
 formidable obstacles. There were times 
 when the stoutest hearts began to falter. 
 Ooe of these was in 1777 when the Conti- 
 nental Congress adjourned from Philadel- 
 phia to Lancaster. When the resolution 
 to adjourn to Lancaster was pat^sed there 
 were but twenty-eight members present. 
 The feeling generally among them was, 
 that the chance was desperate; the cause 
 a hopeless one, but the spirit of inspiration, 
 freedom, still held the lines in the person 
 of Samuel Adams, who was one among 
 those who were cheerful and undismayed 
 at the aspect of affairs, and after his 
 friends had given expression to the des- 
 ponding feelings of their hearts, at ooce 
 replied, — ' Gentlemen, your spirits appear 
 to be heavily oppressed with our public 
 calamities. 1 hope you do not despair of 
 our final success. Our cause is just and 
 righteous, and we shall never be abandon- 
 ed by Heaven while we show ourselves 
 worthy of its aid and protection.'' 
 
 No man was more intrepid and dauntless 
 when enoompasoed by dangers, or mure 
 
9» 
 
 calm and nnmoved amid public disastera 
 and .adverse fortune. His bold and dar- 
 ing conduct and language subjected him 
 to great personal hazard. Had any fatal 
 event occurred to our country by which she 
 had fallen in her struggle for liberty, 
 Samuel Adams would have been the first 
 victim of ministerial vengeance. His 
 blood would have been first shed as a sac- 
 rifice on the altar of tyranny, for the noble 
 magnanimity and independence with 
 which he defended the cause of freedom. 
 
 "Great things are almost always done 
 without our knowing how we have done 
 them, and we are quite surprised that we 
 have done them. Ask Caesar how he made 
 himself master of the world; perhaps he 
 would find it difficult to answer you." 
 
 The litertature of the revolution is a 
 proud enough field for any American lo 
 contemplate. It is filled with noble senti 
 ments, lofty patriotism, untainted virtue 
 and wisdom, which seems to combine all 
 that is essential for the protection of human 
 freedom. There is a rich vein of eloquence 
 irrigating its teemiug soil, which the proud- 
 est and moat cultivated nations of the 
 earth might exult to call their own, and it 
 there is a passion stronger than all others 
 in the heart of a true American, it is the 
 one that stands ever ready to devote itself 
 to its country's service. 
 
 One hundred and nineteen years ago, on 
 the 4th day of July 1778, the first oration 
 on the Anniversary of American Independ- 
 ence was delivered in the City of Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, by Dr. David Ramsay, 
 who then and there declared that our form 
 of government was in every way prefer- 
 able to the royal one lately renounced. It 
 promoted knowledge ; called into exercise 
 the active energies of the human soul; 
 brought forward modeat merit ; destroyed 
 
21 
 
 laxary and established simplicity in the 
 manner and habits of the people, and pro- 
 moted the cause of virtue and religion. 
 
 Dr. David Bamsay was a son of the 
 "Old Keystone State." He was born April 
 2nd. 1749, in Lancaster county, Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Among the many accomplished, fearless 
 and patriotic men of the great Common- 
 wealth of Pennsylvania, whom tne nation 
 delighted to honor and who reaped the 
 reward of her constancy was John Uiokin- 
 800, although born in Maryland oathe 2ad 
 day of November, 1732, he became a citizen 
 of this state, read law under John Moland 
 or Philadelphia, wnere on his return from 
 England he estalished himself in the prac- 
 tice of his profession. His ability and 
 eloquence at once placed him, at the head 
 of the list of the State's represeutaiive 
 men. 
 
 On the 11th. of September, 1765, he was 
 appointed a delegate to a general congress 
 which assembled at New York in the fol 
 lowing month, and was the author of the 
 resolution of that body, promulgating their 
 hostility to the measures of Great Britain, 
 and the principles which they eoasiJered 
 as inherent in tneir system of government. 
 During this same year, 1765, he commenc- 
 ed his compositions against the aggress- 
 ions of England and continued them witu 
 vigor and striking effect unti. tao clo.<e of 
 the conflict. He it was who wiote the 
 twelve " Farmers L<jtters" to tne inhabi- 
 tants ot tne British Colonies, portrayiugin 
 language distinguished tor purity of diction 
 and eloquence of composition, the uncon- 
 stitutionality of the conduct of Great 
 Britian, the imminent peril to American 
 liberty which existed, and the fatal coose- 
 qoences of a supine acquiescence in minis- 
 terial measares, more fatal as precedents 
 
22 
 
 than by the immediate calamities they 
 were calculated to produce, (just as Presi- 
 dent Roosevelt in 1907, in warning the 
 people of the Uuited States against the 
 unconstitutionality of some of our modern 
 business methods), so John Dickinson in 
 these letters in 1767, one hundred and 
 forty years ago, warned the inhabitants of 
 ihe British Colonies of the unconstitution- 
 ality of the conduct of Great Britian, and 
 they were read with intense interest and 
 produced the effect, not merely of enlight- 
 ening the public mind, but of exciting the 
 feelings of the people to a determination 
 aot to submit to the oppressive actions of 
 the Mother Country. 
 
 It was John Dickinson who wrote in the 
 declaration of Congress July 6ih, 1775, 
 "we have counted tne cost of this contest 
 and find nothing so dreadful as voluntary 
 slavery. Honor, justice ond humanity 
 forbid us tamely to surrender that freedom 
 which we received from our gallant ances- 
 tors, and which our innocent posterity 
 have a right to receive from us. We can- 
 not endure the infamy and guilt of resign- 
 ing succeeding generations to that wretch- 
 edness which inevitably awaits them if we 
 basely entail hereditary bondage upon 
 them." 
 
 It was John Dickinson who said before 
 Congress in 1779,— "Two rules have I laid 
 down for myself thiougdout this contest. 
 First, — on all occasions where I am called 
 npon as a trustee for my countrymen, to 
 deliberate on questions important to other's 
 happiness, disdaining all personal advan- 
 tages to be derived from a suppression of 
 my real sentiments, and defying all dang- 
 ers to be risked by a declaration of them, 
 openly to avow them; and secondly,— after 
 thus discharging this duty, whenever the 
 public resolutions are taken, to regard 
 
tbem, tboagb opposite to my opinion, as 
 sacred, because tbey lead to pub lie 
 measares in wbicb tbe common weal moat 
 be interested, and to join in supporting 
 tbem as earnestly, as it my voice bad been 
 given for tbem. If tbe present day is too 
 warm for me to be calmly judged, I can 
 credit my country for justice some years 
 hence," 
 
 Tbe Revolution would have been delay- 
 ed fifty years, bad it not been for Harvard 
 College. Harvard, Princeton, Columbia, 
 William and Mary, helped to make tbe 
 Declaration of Indepeudence and tbe Con- 
 BCitution tbe great documents they are. 
 
 Three of tbe five men who drafted the 
 Declaration of Indepeodenee, were college 
 graduates, and twenty-nine of the fitty- 
 five members of the convention of 1787 
 were college bred. Nine were trained at 
 Princeton; five at William and Mary; four 
 at Yale ;tbree at Haivard ; two at Columbia, 
 and the Universities of Pennsylvania, Ox- 
 ford, London, Edinburgh, Glasgow and 
 Aberdeen each sent one. 
 
 Recognizing that higher education was 
 of the greatest importance to the people of 
 a free republic, elevating their moral 
 character; increasing their earning powers 
 and their power as good citizens. John 
 Dickinson was as lojul to tbe people on 
 this question of eductitioo, as he was in all 
 things to which his name was ever at- 
 tached, 
 
 The Act of Assembly incorporating a 
 college to be established in the historic 
 borough of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, happily 
 perpetuates the remembrance of nis muni- 
 fioient patronage of learning, as well as 
 tbe public sense of bis exalted merit. It 
 declares, that "In memory of the great and 
 important services to bis country by his 
 exoellenoy, John Dickinson, Esq., 
 
24 
 
 President of the Sapreme Executive 
 Council, and in commemoration of his very 
 liberal donation to the Institution, the said 
 college shall be forever hereafter called 
 and known by the name of Dickinson Col- 
 lege." 
 
 It was General Tnomas Mifflin, who 
 when the news of the battle of Lexington, 
 April 18th, 1775, was received, said, '-Let 
 na not be bold in declaration and after- 
 wards cold in action. Let not the patri- 
 otic feeling of to-day be forgotten to-mor- 
 row; nor have it said of Philadelphia, that 
 she passed noble resolutions, slept upon 
 thsm and afterwards neglected them," 
 and in the fall of 1776, when the people 
 were becoming weary, diseonteuted and 
 disheartened with a contest in which they 
 no longer saw any hope of success, and 
 the army was melting away, it was Gen- 
 eral Thomas Mifflin, afterwards Govenor 
 of Pennsylvania, who was selected to ap- 
 peal to the patriotism and honorable feel, 
 ings of the people of Pennsylvania, exhort 
 and rouse the militia to come forth iu 
 defence of the country. In 1783 he was 
 appointed by the legislature of the state, a 
 member of Cougre-ss, and in the fall of the 
 same year, he was selected as its president, 
 and 88 president of this illustrious body of 
 American patriots, he it was, that received 
 trom General Washington the resignation 
 of his commission as Commander in-chief 
 of the American Army. 
 
 In 1787 the great Convention assembled 
 in Philadelphia to frame a government for 
 the United States, which should "form a 
 more perfect union, establish justice, en- 
 sure domestic tranquility, provide for the 
 common defence, promote the general 
 welfare and secure the blessings of liberty 
 to ourselves and our posterity." A more 
 dignified and bolemu trnst was never com- 
 
96 
 
 mitted to haman ageocy. The destinies 
 of a great empire, of millions of iiuman 
 beings were placed in their hands, and 
 never was a trust more faithfully, more 
 wisely, more successfully performed. In 
 this great and honorable assembly General 
 Mifflin with Benjamin Franklin, Robert 
 Morris, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsim- 
 mons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson and 
 Gouverneur Morris represented Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1794 an insurrection broke out 
 In some of the western connties of the 
 state, and on the call of the President, 
 Guverner Mifflin marched at the head of 
 the quota of Militia demanded of Penn- 
 sylvania, and served under General Lee, 
 the Governor of Virginia, although the 
 service to be performed was in Governor 
 Mifflin's own Stale. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin too, furnished many, 
 very many conspicuous examples of his 
 devotion to liberty. In 1776 when with 
 John Adams and Edward Rutledge he was 
 appointed to hear certain propositions of 
 English Commissioners who came to 
 America, to propose terms of accommoda- 
 tion or rather "offer pardon upon bubmis- 
 sion," to Congress, Lord Howe, the chief 
 of the embassy tried to iuflaence Franklin 
 to promote the object of the king's pater- 
 nal solicitude, bntFranklin nobly stood his 
 ground, and insisted that direct pardons 
 be offered to the Colonies, who were the 
 parties injured, and in the same noble 
 strain of independence said, — "SVheu you 
 find reconciliation impossible on any 
 terms given yon to propose, 1 believe you 
 will then relinqnish so odious a command, 
 and return to a more honorable private 
 station," and when he left America for 
 France, be placed the whole of his pos- 
 seBsions in money, between three and four 
 tboaeaQd pounds, in the bands of Con- 
 
26 
 
 f^ress, thas testifying his ooufidence in the 
 sacoess of their oause, and inducing otb- 
 ers of greater means to imitate his ex- 
 ample. 
 
 "There ia a great God and power that 
 hath made the world," said William Penn, 
 "and all tbinga therein, to whom yoa and 
 I and all people owe their being and their 
 well-being, and to whom yon and I mast 
 one day give an account for ail we do in 
 the world. This great God hath written 
 His law in our hearts, by which we are 
 taught and commanded to love and help, 
 and to do good to one another, and not do 
 harm and mischief to one another." 
 
 Never was there undertaken a more 
 sublime political enterprise than that of 
 the Founder of Pennsylvania. Never was 
 there a legislation more boldy marked 
 with that unity of intention which is the 
 most peculiar and majestic of all original 
 conception. 
 
 William Penn legislated for peace, as 
 Lycurgns did for war; but it was the 
 peculiar glory of both, to have possessed 
 a Self balanced and confident energy of 
 mind, enabling them to disregard all con- 
 siderations of temporary expediency and 
 private interest, and make every part of 
 their system harmonize in perfect unison 
 with those leadiog principlts which were 
 to ptrvade, aoimate and govern every 
 portion of the btate. 
 
 His system of virtuous politics was rear- 
 ed upon benevolence, justice, liberty and 
 gratitude, and with these objects in view, 
 he began, and with them he ended, and in 
 cherishing an unconquerable spirit of 
 gratitude for the Founder of Pennsylvania. 
 Among the men who afterwards aided, 
 both in civil and military life, to serve and 
 maintain its independence, and that of the 
 nation, who should ever be remembered 
 
27 
 
 with gratitude, was Qeneral William 
 Irvine. 
 
 General Irvine, was bora near Ennia- 
 killen, Ireland, November 3id, 1741, and 
 died in Philadelphia, Jaly 29ih, 1804. He 
 graduated at Dublin University, studied 
 medicine, and was a surgeon on board a 
 ship of war, during part of 1756-63, be- 
 tween Great Britain and France. A short 
 time before peace was declared, he re- 
 6igned bis commission in the Biitish ser- 
 vice and emigrated to America, and in 
 1764 settled in Carlisle, Pa., and resumed 
 the practice of his profession. At the be- 
 ginning of the American Revolution, he 
 took part with the Colonies, and was a 
 member of the provinioial convention that 
 assembled in Pniladelphia, July 15th, 
 1774. On the 10th of July, 177G, he was 
 appointed Colonel of the Sixth Penna. 
 Regiment, and joined by order, the Army 
 in Canada. He raised this re^iixient, and 
 led it to the Mouth of the Sorel, and co- 
 operated with General Thompson in the 
 attempt to surpdi^e the vanguard of the 
 British Army at Three Rivers. He was 
 taken prisoner in that disastrous battle on 
 the 16th of June, 1776; on August 3rd, he 
 was released ou parole, and ou the 6t,h of 
 May, 1778, was exchanged, and appointed 
 a member of the Court Martial th»t tried 
 General Charles Lee. 
 
 In 1778, he was in command of the Sec- 
 ond Penna. Regiment, and on May 12cb, 
 1779, was made a brigadier general, and 
 assigned to the command of the Second 
 Penna. line. He took part in Lord Ster- 
 ling's expedition against Staten Island, 
 was with General Wayne at "Bulls 
 Ferry," July 2l8t and 22ud, 1780; and ou 
 March 8th, 1782, was in command of the 
 troops on the Western Frontier, 
 
 lu 1785, be was appointed agent of the 
 
state to examiDe pablic lauds, and it was 
 he who saggested the purchase of the 
 tract called the "triaugle," that gave to 
 Pennsylvania an oat let oa Luke Erie la 
 1786, he represented the State in the Con- 
 tinental Congress, and was one of the 
 Commissioners that settled the account 
 of the United States wittt the several 
 States. He was, also, a member of the 
 Convention that revised the Constitnlioo 
 of Pennsylvania, and in 1794, was sent as 
 a commissioner to the whiskey insurgents, 
 and took part in the movement as com- 
 mander of the State Militia, that resulted 
 in their pacification. 
 
 Prom December 2ud, 1793, to March 
 3rd, 1795, he was a member of the Tnird 
 Congress. lu March, 1801, he was ap 
 pointed Supt. of Military Stores in Pnila- 
 delphia, and was President of the Society 
 of the Cincinnati at the time of his death. 
 Captain Andrew Irvine, also of revolu- 
 tionary fame, was a brother of General 
 William Irvine. He entered the service 
 of the Country as a lieutenant, and march 
 ed with General Irvine in the Canadian 
 Expedition. He too served under General 
 Wayne, and tooa part in the movement 
 that preceded the massacre of Paoli, wbere 
 he was badly wounded. He continued in 
 active service throughout the war, taking 
 part in the nortbein and southern cam 
 paigns, and died in Carlisle, Penna , May 
 4tb, 1789 
 
 "Seasons may come and go; Hope, like 
 a bird, may fly away ; Passion may break 
 Its wings against the iron bars of Pate j 
 Illusions may crumble as the cloudy towers 
 of sunset fame; Faith, as running water, 
 may slip from beneath our feet; Solitude 
 may stretch itself around us like the 
 measureless desert sand; Old age may 
 creep as the gathering night over oof 
 
29 
 
 bowed bead-, grown hoary in their shame; 
 bat still, throQgh all, we are the same, for 
 this is the marvel of identity." 
 
 General William Irvine sprang from good 
 soil, as did the Irvings, Irwms and Erin- 
 vines, regardless of how you find the name 
 spelled. Scotch genealogists generally 
 trace the name to a local origin, and de- 
 rive it from a topographical source. 
 
 In Ayrshire, a river borough and parish, 
 bear the name, in it!) earliest and most 
 authentic form, Irwin, or Irvine. 
 
 The borough is called a royal one. It is 
 on the Irvine River, and is of ancient 
 fame. It was specially favored by the 
 great Catholic King Robert Bruce, who 
 granted it a charter, in reward for the de- 
 votion of the people to his interests. It at 
 one time was represented in the peerage) 
 of Bcotiand by Viscount Irvine, who was 
 of the Ingrams of Temple Newsome near 
 Leads, England. The title was of the 
 creation of Charles II. It expired with 
 the 9th. and last Viscount Irvine, in 1778. 
 
 A noble bridge built nearly one hundred 
 years ago, connects the town with its more 
 important suburbs. The Parish of Irvine 
 is of historic note, especially iu relation to 
 its ecclesiastical antiquities, dating back 
 to the ages of Faith. From this Irvine 
 loot sprang several forms of the name, 
 such as Irviu, Irwia, Erwio, Irwyo, etc. 
 The parent name is of Gaelic origin, the 
 definition of which means the Western 
 flowing Biiver, and is the property, not of 
 lowland Scotch, but of the glorious old 
 Gaelic element known as the Highlanders. 
 Sir J. Benard Barke, in crediting the 
 name as of loag standing to the South and 
 Southwest of Scotland, not dirtctly or im 
 pliedly to the lowland population, wtiich 
 for itself claims descent from a Saxon an- 
 cestry to which it ia heartily welcome, is, 
 
30 
 
 as i9 aaaal with that accarate and discrim- 
 mioating author, in strict harmony with 
 the known facts of the case, King Robert 
 Bruce, already mentioned, is credited by 
 Sir Bernard Burke, with having enricbed 
 and honored very signally one William de 
 Irwin, his armor bearer. This fortunate 
 Knight was said to have been one of the 
 Irvine or Irwin stock of Bonshaw in 
 Damfdershire. King Robert made him a 
 grant, by charter, under the great seal, of 
 the forest of Drom, or Brum, in Aberdeen- 
 shire, and also distioguished him by as 
 signment to him, of the heraldic devise or 
 arms of three holly leaves, which as Earl 
 of Carrick the royal patron had himself 
 borne. 
 
 Thus, Sir Bernard Burke relates, or- 
 iginated the great house of Irvine of Drum, 
 so highly allied, so conspicuous in the 
 family records of Scotland' s ( landed gentry 
 title of Irvine of Drum) and from this 
 source sprang most of the Irvmes of i*cot- 
 land, the Irvines of Germany, the Irvines 
 of Rockfield near Eaniskillen, where Gen- 
 eral William Irvine of Carlisle was born, 
 and ot Greenhill Parish ot Agbava, barony 
 of Magheratephana, County of Fermanagn 
 and their off shoots. From these came 
 Castle Irvine Demesne, Parish of Derry- 
 bullan barony of Lurg, County of Fer- 
 managh. 
 
 Sir Bernard, traces the Irish Irvines, in 
 their common ancestor, to Christopher 
 Irvine, laird of Bousbaw, who commanded 
 the light cavalry at Fiodden Field in 1513, 
 where he was killed. His son Christopber, 
 next laird of Bonshaw, also held a com- 
 mand, and was killed at the battle of Sol- 
 way Moss. 
 
 At Tamego, parish of Dromard, barony 
 of Tirerogh, County Sligo, was established 
 early in the 17th Century, by an Irwin 
 
31 
 
 family whose ancestry it is said, was 
 Scotch. Tbis family traces its descent 
 from John Irwin, an Officer of the Corn- 
 wellian forces in Ireland, who, when the 
 war was over, found it to bis interest, 
 convenience and pleasure, to locate in the 
 Northeastern portion of Sligo. He mar- 
 a daughter of another Cornwellian trooper, 
 Colonel Jones of Urdonglass, County of 
 Sligo. 
 
 His grandson and namesake, John Irwin, 
 was the Colonel John Irwin of the British 
 Military Service, who died A. D. 1752, and 
 from whom sprang the fourth descent, 
 John Lewis Irwin of Tamegoe, County of 
 Sligo. His father was the Reverend 
 Crinns Irwiu, Aogeliean Archdeacon of 
 Orrory, and Minister in Kilfane Parish. 
 And his mother was Amy Chamberlain, 
 daughter of Judge Tanberville Chamber- 
 lain of the King's Bench in Ireland, 1794- 
 1802. From this stock came the Kev. 
 John Irwin, Rector of KiU'ane, whose 
 residence was in the Glebe House, on the 
 Kilkerry Road. 
 
 King Robert the Bruce, and the livings 
 were cousins. And one stormy night, six 
 hundred and nine years ago, A D 1298, 
 King Robert the Bruce, in his flight from 
 the pursuit of Edward Loogshanks of 
 England, went to Bonshaw Tower, where 
 he was kindly received and hospitably en- 
 tertained. When the livings learned that 
 Edward of England had discovered Bruce' s 
 hiding place, they took him three miles 
 down the Kirkle Water, nearer to England, 
 and there hid bim in a cave in the rocks 
 on the bank of the river, when Edward 
 reached the Tower, and found the bird 
 had flown, he dashed on to Scotland, and 
 there Brnce escaped capture. This cave 
 is now, in 1907, still in perfect condition. 
 When Brace left the Tower, he took 
 
32 
 
 with bim one of the Irving of Bonshaw's 
 youngest sous and made him his armoar 
 bearer, and in 1323, five hundred and 
 eighty four years ago, when firmly seated 
 on his throne, gave this William de Irving, 
 (Irvine or Irwin) for his fidelity in pros- 
 perity and adversity the castle, land and 
 forest of Drum, also his ptivate Coat of 
 Arms and motto. These lands are still 
 held by the Irvines of Drum, and the 
 parchment signed by Bruce is still extant. 
 A younger eon of this branch in 1400 went 
 to Dilsney Islands, and from there to the 
 Island of Shapinsha; and from these Irv- 
 ings came Washington living's father, 
 whose mother came from Falmooth. 
 
 Lt. Colonel Irvine of Castle Farlagh, 
 now Castle Irvine, came from Christopher 
 Irvine of Robigill Tower, nest to Bon- 
 shaw, and a grandson of Irving of Bon- 
 shaw. He left Robigill and went to Fur- 
 managh in 1613, and founded the first 
 Irish Branch of the Clan, now the Irvines 
 of Castle Irvine, and tlie Irvines of Kil- 
 leleas. Before 1020, the Irvings of Bon- 
 shaw came, as previously stated, from 
 Ayrshire, and their old castle there, now 
 gives name to the Tower of Irvine, and 
 like the name of Ivine is spelled in many 
 ways. 
 
 The mansion house at Boushaw was 
 bailt in 1770. Tne Tower was there when 
 the Irvines got the place in 1020. 
 
 This Tower stands on almost sheer and 
 rocky precipice, about 100 feet above tne 
 Kirkle Water. In front is a gun terrace 
 with uix old guns and solid cannon balls; 
 on the right is a deep ravine, with a burn 
 flowing through it, on which is a water fall. 
 The walls in the thinnest place, are six 
 feet through. Near the old jett, (or en- 
 trance gate) is carved the sacred motto, 
 '•Soli, Deo, Honor et Gloria," the obliviou 
 
jett is gone. You enter a single hall about 
 SIX feet square, communicating with the 
 old retainers' kitchen on the one side, and 
 the old stone "wheel" stair on the other. 
 From the covered roof of this hall hangs 
 down about eighteen iocbes or two feet, 
 an eight sided stone, like a vast seal. It 
 has on it in ancient Hebrew raised letters, 
 "I. H. S," In monogram. This is called 
 the Crusader's Stone, and was brought 
 from the Walls of the old Temple at Jeru. 
 salem by one of the Irvings, who was one 
 of the first Crusaders in 1100. It was 
 taken to Rome, blessed by the Pope, and 
 then placed in the Tower as described, 
 and is supposed to give a blessing to all of 
 the Irving blood that pass under it. On 
 the first floor of the Tower you enter the 
 grand hall, called King Robert the Bruce's 
 room. 
 
 A full and complete record has recently 
 been published in a book of some four 
 hundred pages by Colonel John Baufln 
 Irving of Bonshaw, the present Chief of 
 the Irwin Clan. This work is divided into 
 eleven chapters. First, Tbe Clan ; Second, 
 Heraldic; Tliird, Derivation and Spelling 
 of the Namf»; Fourth, Ancient History, 
 from A. D. 373 to 1020, when they came 
 to Baushaw; Fifth, History from 1020 to 
 date; Sixth. History of the Drum Branch, 
 from 1323, when they received the grant 
 of the estate of Drum from King Robert 
 Bruce to date; Seventh. History of the 
 Irvings of lloddom, and the Bell Irviogs 
 of Whitehill; Eighth, The Iiish House of 
 Bonshaw and the Irish Branch; Ninth, 
 The AuBtraliau and New Zeland Branches; 
 Tenrh, The United Slates Branches; 
 Eleventh, The AliffCellaneous Irvings, em- 
 bracing all branches, and many subjects. 
 
 There seems to have been at least two 
 prominent branches of tho Iivinos, and (he 
 
34 
 
 Irwins, that settled in Carlisle, some years 
 prior to the Revolution. The General Wil- 
 liam Irvine branch, and the John Irwin 
 branch. 
 
 General William Irvine was married to 
 Ann Callender, whose parents resided in 
 or near Middlesex, a short distance from 
 Carlisle. 
 
 The result of this marriage was nine 
 children, five sons and four daughters, as 
 follows:— Callender, Ann, William Neill, 
 Armstrong, Elizabeth, Mary B , Rebecca, 
 James and John. 
 
 Callender, the eldest of General Irvine's 
 children, by his marriage, had but one 
 child, the late Dr. William A. Irvine, of 
 Irvingtou, Warren County, Peuna. This 
 Irvine m turn, by bia marriage, had two 
 daughters and one son. The son died be- 
 fore reachiDg manhood. Margaret, his 
 eldest daughter, married Thomas M Biddle 
 of Carlisle, and Sarah Duncan, married 
 Dr.Thomas Newbold of Philadelphia. Both 
 these gentlemen died in Philadelphia some 
 few years ago. 
 
 Of the John Irwin branch, who were cous- 
 ins of General William Irvine, there was the 
 mother, three sons, William, David and 
 John, aud a daughter Jane. The father, 
 it is said, died at sea on his way with his 
 family to America, and the mother died at 
 the home of her son John, corner of 4th 
 and Market streets in the City of Pittsburgh, 
 March Ist, 1811, aged 95 years. 
 
 These two brothers, John and William, 
 were property holders in Cumberland 
 County, then removed to Pittsburg, where 
 they established themselves. David and 
 William's country estate was named 
 "Squirrell Hill," and that of John, "Erin 
 Bill," where John died in 1830, at the ad- 
 vanced age of 84 years. John Irwin mar- 
 ried Agnes Farquhar, (born in Cumberland 
 
:i5 
 
 County, July 6th, 1773), in Carlisle.Novem- 
 ber 18th, 1790. 
 
 Coming down to my generation, I am 
 aure you will forgive me for speaking of 
 another descendant of the Irwins of Rev- 
 olutionary fame, Rear AdmiralJobn Irwin, 
 U. S. N. 
 
 Admiral Irwin was born in Pittsburg, 
 Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, April 
 ir,th, 1832, and died at No. 1120 Vermont 
 Avenue, Washington, D, C, July 29th, 
 1901. 
 
 He was commissioned a midshipman in 
 1847, Lieutenant in 1855, Captain in 1875, 
 and Commodore in 1886. The date of his 
 Rear Admiral Commission I am unable to 
 state. He retired from the Navy in 1894. 
 
 I will not attempt to give a history of 
 his military life, a description of the cir- 
 cumstances attending his retirement from 
 the Asiatic Station, as given by the "Week- 
 ly Box of Curios," i:okohama, Japan, tells 
 the story. 
 
 "Admiral Irwin's Goodbye." 
 
 "Captain McCormick noticed the Ad- 
 miral longingly looking forward to where 
 the sailoifi were standing massed to catch 
 a glimpse of their old chief. He asked him 
 if he wished to go forward, and when he 
 responded that he did, he passed the order, 
 "Divisions to Quarters " Every man and 
 officer sprang to their proper position. 
 Accompanied by the Captain, the Admiral 
 went from one end of the ship to the other, 
 and was saluted by each division. He 
 spoke to the officer in command, and bade 
 him and bis men a personal farewell, and 
 looking over the ranks, as his eye would 
 rest upon some old weather beaten tar, 
 whom he had peisonally known in days 
 gone by, he would Rrasp his hand heart- 
 ily, fay a kind word and goodbye. 
 
 From one end of the deck of the old 
 
battle ship to the other *rere two rows of 
 watery eyes and quivering lips. Every 
 face showed the sincere feeling of every 
 man. 
 
 The adiea had been made, and the 
 Admiral was ready to leave the ship, when 
 the ofSoer of the deck stepped up and 
 said, "Admiral, Sir, your barge i« ready." 
 
 The Admiral approached the gangway, 
 escorted by the officers, and again shak- 
 ing hands and saluting, he passed down 
 the ladder, expecting to see bis boat's 
 crew, but on reaching the staging, stop- 
 ped with surprise, when he discovered his 
 barge was manned by uniformed officers, 
 and all standing at sp.lute. Hi<3 eyes fill- 
 ed with tears, he hesifated for a moment, 
 then saluting, stepped in and took his 
 seat, unable to utter a word. 
 
 Captain Gridiey of the Marion acted as 
 coxswain, the followiug gentlemen acted 
 as crew, — Paymaster Friday, Capt. Elliott, 
 U, S. M., Lieutenants Barney, Miner, 
 Franklin, Eberie, Dduiels, Pratt, Slocum, 
 Hoff, Quimby and Paymaster Clerk Stem- 
 pen. As the barge left the ship, the yards 
 were manned, and amid loud cheering the 
 Admiral and his distinguisned crew start- 
 ed for the steamship China. Passing the 
 Japanese man of war, Tsnkubakan, the 
 yards were manned and three hearty 
 cheers were given lor the Admiral. 
 
 On H, M. S. Imperienee, the same 
 honors were paid, to both of which, the 
 Admiral rose to his feet, and acknowledged 
 the great honor. As he sat in the stern 
 sheets and watched the measured and 
 well timed stroke of bis crew of honor, all 
 could see that he was greatly affected, and 
 when he reached the China, was unable 
 to acknowledge the honor shown. Before 
 leaving he said, — 
 
 "Gentleman, tbie unexpected honor I 
 
37 
 
 shall neter forget. If I were ieaviog the 
 Bervioe, sacb attention shown I woald 
 highly appreciate as oomplimeutary to the 
 high office I hold, bat simply leaving one 
 ship for another, it shows me that this 
 hearty evidence of yonr good will is an in- 
 dication of your friendship and personal 
 esteem, and it is therefore most gratifying 
 to me, that it is tendered to my unworthy 
 self, instead of to my official position. 
 Ijanguage fails me when 1 try to express 
 my gratitude and high appreciation, and 
 all I can say is, Goodbye, God bless you 
 all." 
 
 It was an event in the Asiatic Squad- 
 ron, in fact in the United States Navy, 
 that was unusual, and not sooa to be for- 
 gotten. 
 
 On Saturday the China was advertised 
 to sail at noon, and at 11 a.m. the Lan- 
 caster and Marion each sent a barge filled 
 with their bands, and stationed off the 
 gangway they discoursed sweet music. 
 Boat after boat from the American and 
 Japanese Men-of-War came alongside fill- 
 ed with friends to pay their respects, as 
 did steam launches and yachts, but the 
 Admiral's previous day's experience had 
 unmanned him, and ho was unable to 
 meet bis callers and say farewell. Floral 
 decorations were showered upon him, his 
 family, and his staff, and a basket lull of 
 cards were left to remind him of the days 
 he had spent in the land of the Rising 
 Sun, and the friends he had left. 
 
 Thus ended the active official life of 
 Admiral John Irwin, U. S. N., grandson 
 of John Irwin, who with his two brothers 
 settled near Carlisle in the early days. 
 
 1 have here with me this evening, and 
 take pleasure in presenting to the Histori- 
 cal Society of Carlisle, photograph of Col- 
 onel J. B. Irving of Bonphaw, present 
 
38 
 
 chief of the Irving Cian, with photograph 
 of Dram Castle, Aberdeen, Scotland, be- 
 stowed by Robert Brace on Sir William de 
 Irwin in 1306 Also, photograph of Bon- 
 shaw Tower, seat of the Irving Clan. Also 
 two cats of the Irwin Coat of Arms, with 
 the motto of a third. And the photograph 
 of William Wallace Irwin, son of John 
 Irwin, and the father of Admiral John 
 Irwin. William Wallace Irwin was in 
 1840, the tenth Mayor of the City of Pitts- 
 burg, member of Congress, and Minister 
 to Denmark daring Tyler's Administra- 
 tion. He was born in Pittsburg, Septem- 
 ber 16th, 1806, and died there September 
 15th, 1856. 
 
 Another of the early and ardent advo- 
 cates of the cause of the Colonies, was 
 General Henry Miller, born in Lancaster 
 County, Pa., Febsuary 13th, 1751, and 
 died in Carlisle, April 5th, 1824. When 
 the news fiom Lexington in 1775 reached 
 him, he at once entered the service as 
 First Lieutenant, and with his company, 
 reached Cambridge, July 2oth, 1775, and 
 with a few of his men, succeeded in get- 
 ting in the rear of the British Sentries, 
 killing and capturing several. Shortly 
 after this he was made a Captain, taking 
 an active part in the battle of Long Is- 
 land, August 27th, 1776. In November, 
 
 1777, he was advanced to the position of 
 Major, and in 1778 to that of Lieutenant 
 Colonel, in command of the Second Penn- 
 sylvania line. 
 
 It is said of this brave soldier that he 
 took part in some fifty or sixty conflicts, 
 and at the battle of Monmouth, June 28th, 
 
 1778, two horses were shot under him. 
 He was ordered by General Washington 
 to check the movements of the British in 
 pursuit of our Army retreating across New 
 Jersey, and it was bis splendid service on 
 
39 
 
 this occasion, that saved the Army from 
 disaster. lu 1779, on account of straiten- 
 ed pecuniary circumstances of bis family, 
 he resigned his commission. After this, 
 in 1780, he was Sheriff of York County. 
 In 1783, a Member of the Legislature. In 
 1785, prothonotary, Justice of the Peace, 
 and of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 Was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of the State, in 1790, In 1794, 
 he responded to the call of the President 
 for troops, and was made a brigadier gen- 
 eral, and during this same year, 1794, be- 
 came qaartermaster-general of the expedi- 
 tion 8f nt out to suppress the whiskey in- 
 surrection. Later, in 1794, he was ap- 
 pointed by Washington, supervisor of the 
 revenue for Pennsylvania, holding the 
 office up to the time Thomas Jefferson be- 
 came President. In the war of 1812, he 
 held the position of brigadier-general m 
 commtind, at Baltimore, and in charge of 
 the defence of Fort McHenry and Its de- 
 pendencies. After the British left the 
 Chesapeake, General Henry Miller retired 
 from the Army, returned to Pennsylvania, 
 and from 1821 to the time of his death in 
 Carlinle, in 1824, he was prothonotary of 
 Perry County. 
 
 Then there was General Frederick 
 Watts, who Settled in Cumberland County 
 in 1760, one hundred and forty seven 
 years ago, and was a member of the Cum- 
 berland County Committee when the 
 Revolutionary War began, and was thus 
 early commissioned lieutenant Colonel of 
 one of the associated battalions. 
 
 Wnen the "Flying Camp" was organiz- 
 ed by Congress, Col. Watts was assigned 
 to the command of the batralion that was 
 placed in Cumberlatid county, and at the 
 surrender of Fort Washington, November 
 19tb, 1776, he was captured and after his 
 
40 
 
 exchange, served in various important 
 positiona. 
 
 On April 1, 1778, he was commissionecl 
 a JQStioe of the peace. In 1779, he was 
 chosen a representative to the assembly 
 and in 1780 appointed a sub lientenant of 
 Camberland coanty. 
 
 On the 27 of May, 1782, he was commis- 
 sioned brigadier general of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Militia, and with his command did 
 splendid service in protecting the frontier 
 counties of the State. From October 1787 
 to 1790, he was a member of the supreme 
 executive council of Pennsylvania. At the 
 close of his official life he removed to his 
 farm on the Juniata River, where he died. 
 His son, David, was one of the State's 
 ablest jurists, as was his grandson, Fred- 
 erick Watts. Both these gentlemen were 
 graduates of Dickinson College, and both 
 distinguiBhed leaders in their profession. 
 His grandson, Fiederick, lived and died 
 in Carlisle. 
 
 Then there was General Hugh Mercer, 
 who came to America from Scotland in 
 1747, one bundred and sixty years ago, 
 and settled near what is now known as 
 Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. 
 
 General Mercer served in the French 
 and Indian War of 1755, twenty one years 
 before our Declaration of Independence. 
 He was with General Braddock in his ex- 
 pedition to Fort Duquesne, and at the 
 battle of Monongahela was wounded in the 
 shoulder, after which he wandered alone 
 through the wilderness for 100 miles to 
 Fort Cumberland. 
 
 In 1758, he was commissioned a Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel and marched with the army 
 under General John Forbes to Pittsburg, 
 taking command of that post for several 
 months. In 1774 he organized and drilled 
 the Virginia Militia, and in 1775, the 
 
41 
 
 "Miuate Men", and tbis same year, 1775, 
 was made Colonel of the Third Virginia 
 Regiment. In June 1776, at the request 
 of General Washington, he was appointed 
 by Congress a brigadier general, and given 
 command of the "Flying Camp." He was 
 with Washington in his retreat throagh 
 New Jersey, led the attack at Trenton, and 
 he it was who advised the night march on 
 Princeton^ taking command of the ad- 
 vance, and when his men wavered before 
 the enemy, in attempting to rally them, he 
 was felled by a blow from the butt of a 
 muekfct, and although surrounded by Brit- 
 ish eoldiersi, refused quarters, and while 
 detendiug himself with his sword, was 
 repeatedly bayoneted and left on the field 
 for dead. V7ashington when he received 
 the news of his condition, dispatched a 
 flag of truce to Cornwallis, requesting that 
 bis aid de camp and nephew, Colonel 
 George Lewis, be permitted to remain with 
 General Mercer. The request was granted, 
 and Colonel Lewis was with him at the 
 time of his death, which occurred in a few 
 days. 
 
 If decision, promptness, and energy of 
 character, combined with a sound judg- 
 ment, correct principles, and ardent pat- 
 riotism, and faithful aervice, merit distine- 
 tion and a grateful record, no one is more 
 entitled to them than the gallant Butler 
 Brotlitrs, of Cumberland county, Penn- 
 sylvania. Their names, Richard, William, 
 Thomas, Peicival and Edward, should ever 
 remain fresh and green in the memory of 
 all loyal Americans, as should also that of 
 their sons, Edward G. W., Thomas Lang- 
 ford, William Orlando and Robert Butler. 
 Colonel Richard Butler, was born in 
 Ireland. He came to America in 1760, 
 thirty six years before our Declaration of 
 Independence. When the Revolutionary 
 
42 
 
 War began, he was made a Lieutenant 
 Colonel in the Pennsylvania line, and in 
 1777, attached to Morgans Rifle Corps, 
 where he distinguished himself. In 1781, 
 he was with General Lafayette's command 
 near Williamsburg, Va. And on the 26 of 
 June, he it was that defeated Simcoe's 
 Rangers. At the close of the war, his 
 rank was that of Colonel of the 9th Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment. The year 1787 finds 
 him Agent of Indian Affairs in Ohio, and 
 four years afterward, 1791, holding the 
 position of Major General, in command of 
 the right wing of the Army, in St. Claii's 
 expedition against the Indians. On the 
 morning of November the 4, 1791, after 
 making several gallant charges, he was 
 badly wounded, tomahawked and scalped 
 by the enemy. 
 
 William Batler, was Lieutenant Colonel 
 of the 4i;h Pennsylvania Regiment, and 
 in October, 1778, after the destruction of 
 Wyoming, he conducted the expedition 
 that destroyed the Indian settlements of 
 Unadilla and Anaguaga. 
 
 Thomas was the third brave soldier of 
 the Butler Brothers. He was born in 
 Pennsylvania, in 1754, one hundred and 
 fifty three years ago, and died in New 
 Orleans, September 7, 1805. 
 
 The year 1776 found Thomas Butler a 
 student in the law office of Judge Wilson, 
 of Pniladelphia; his patriotic spirit would 
 not permit him to resist the needs of his 
 Country, and joining the army, he soon 
 was in command of a Company, participat- 
 ing in almost every engagement in the 
 Middle States, during the Revolution. 
 
 Oa the 11 of September, 1776, at Bandy- 
 wine, he received the thanks of Washing- 
 ton on the field for intrepidity in rallying 
 a retreating detachment. 
 
 At Monmouth, he was thanked by Gen- 
 
*> 
 
 43 
 
 eral Wayne for defending a defile in the 
 face of a heavy fire. In 1791, he was ap- 
 pointed a Major, and commanded a bat- 
 talion from Carlisle, in Gibson's command 
 under St. Clair. On November 4, when St. 
 Clair was defeated, bis brother Richard 
 was killed, be was wonnded twice, and 
 with difficulty removed from the field by 
 his brother Edward, his leg having been 
 broken by a ball. 
 
 On April 11, 1792, he was made Major 
 of the 4th Sub-legion, and on Jaly 1, 1792, 
 Colonel in command of the 4th Infantry. 
 In 1802, when the army was placed on a 
 peace basis, he was retained in the ser- 
 vice, as Colonel of the 2ud lufantry, and 
 in 1797 expelled the settlers from Indian 
 lands in Tennessee, by order of President 
 Washington, and while on this service, 
 made several important treaties with the 
 Indians. His son, Robert Butler, served 
 in the army as Assistant Adjutant General 
 under General Harrison in the battle of 
 the Tames, distinguishing himself at New 
 Orleans. In 1812, Robert resigned from 
 the army, and from 1824 to 1849 was sur- 
 veyor of public lands in Florida. 
 
 Percival was the fourth brother who first 
 saw the light of day in Cumberland county, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1760, and died sixty-one 
 years afterwards, on the 11th day of Sep- 
 tember, 1821, in Port William, Ky. He 
 too was an officer in the Revolution, hold- 
 ing the potiilion of Coptain, and was with 
 Morgan ht Saratoga, and on June 25tb, 
 1781, commanded in the confiict with Colo- 
 nel Simcoe at Spencer's Ordinary, and 
 served at the siege of Yorktown. At tbe 
 close of the war, he located in Jessamine 
 County, Ky. In 1812, he again entered 
 the service as Adjuntant-General, holding 
 that position during the war. 
 
 Edward was the youngtet of these five 
 
44 
 
 distingaiahed men. He was born near 
 Carlisle, in 1762, aud died at Fort Wilkin- 
 son, Georgia, May 6ch, 1803. Wben only 
 18 years of age, was Lieutenant and Quar- 
 ter-master of the 9tli Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment, lu 1791 he was a Captain in Colonel 
 Gibson's Regiment, and in 1796, was Gen- 
 eral Wayne's Adjutant General. His son, 
 Edward G. W. Butler, who bore the great 
 name of America's Chieftain, George 
 Washington, and that of his father, enter- 
 ed the Army of the United States as a 
 Cadfct in 1816, rose to the position of First 
 Lieutenant, and resigned in 1831 Sixteen 
 years afterwards, in 1847, he re-entertd 
 the Army from Louisiana, as Colonel of 
 dragons, and served through the Mexican 
 War. The Rev. J. A. Murry, in a letter 
 dated February 22ad, 1887, congratulating 
 him on reaching bis 87ch birthday, matees 
 complimentary mention of his "fiither and 
 four brave une.es, originally belonging to 
 the neighborhood," (meaning Carlisle) 
 "the ardent friendship that existed between 
 them, and General Washington, and the 
 many valuable heirlooms, including the 
 field glasses that Washington carried 
 through the Revolutionary War," that 
 were among his father's possessions. 
 
 Thomas Butler, had one sou named 
 Robert, and Percival Butler, two sons, 
 Thomas Langtord and William Orlando, 
 that, like their fathers, were brave and 
 efficient soldiers. 
 
 Thomas Langf ord was born in Lexingt on , 
 Kentucky, in 1789, and died lu Louisville, 
 October 21st, 1880. In 1809, he entered 
 the Army as a Lieutenant. In 1813, was 
 made a Captain and served throughout the 
 Northwestern Campaign under Harrison. 
 . In 1813, was aidde camp to General Jack- 
 son. He was at the siege of Ptnsacola, 
 and in 1815 at the battle of New Orleans, 
 
45 
 
 Rnd for bravery was breveted a Major. 
 At the close of the War he was appointed 
 Surveyor and inspector of the Port of New 
 Orleans. In 1826, having returned to his 
 home in Kentucky, he repiesented Gallatin 
 County in the Legislature, and in 1847 
 dRaiu represented Carroll and Gallatin in 
 the Legislature. 
 
 His brother, William Orlando, born in 
 Jessamine County, Ky., in 1791, and died 
 in CarroUton, Kentucky, August 6th, 1880, 
 was a graduate of the Transylvania Uni- 
 versity in 1812. He studidd law under 
 Kobert Wickliffe, at Lexington. When the 
 war with England broke out, he enlisted 
 as a private, proceeding at once to the re- 
 lief of Fort Wnyno. Was promoted to the 
 position of ensign in tha 17th Infantry, and 
 wasengaged, January 18th and 22nd, 1813, 
 in the battles at Rasin Kiver. In the 
 second engagement, he diatinguished him- 
 self by burning a barn from which the 
 Indians were pouring a galling fire into the 
 American ranks. He was wounded and 
 taken prisoner, paroled at Fort Niagara; 
 on his return to Kentucky, he was com- 
 missioned a Captain, doing good service 
 at Pensacola. The next we hear of him is 
 in New Orleans, where on the night of 
 December 23rd, 1814, m command of four 
 companies on the left wing of the army, 
 he attacked and repelled General Sir Ed- 
 ward Pakenham, gaining a success that 
 enabled the Americaus on January 8th, 
 1814, to win a decisive victory. For this 
 service he was made a Brevet Major. In 
 181.5, he succeeded his brother, Major 
 Thomas Butler, as aid de-camp to General 
 Jackson, and in 1817, resigned from the 
 army and resumed the practice of law. In 
 1839, he was elected to Congress; was re- 
 elected in 1841, declining a third nomina- 
 tion. In 1844, be was nominated for Gov- 
 
*6 
 
 ernor of Kentucky oo the Democratic 
 ticket. At the beginning of the Mexican 
 War, he again joined the Army, and on 
 June 29th, 1846, was appointed a Major- 
 (ieneral of Volunteers. In the early move- 
 ments in Texas and Northern Mexico, he 
 was most prominent, On September 24th 
 in charging a battery, was wounded, and 
 sent home. The next year, 1847, he re- 
 turned to the field, joining the army of 
 General Scott, and was at the capture of 
 the City of Mexico. Congrees presented 
 him with a sword of honor for bravery at 
 Monterey, as did also the State of Ken- 
 tucky. In February. 1848, he succeeded 
 General Scott in command of the Army, 
 holding that place when peace was declar- 
 ed, May 29th, 1848. In May, of the same 
 year, be was nominated by the Democrats, 
 at the Baltimore Convention, for Vice 
 President of the United States, the ticket 
 being Cass and Butler. In 1835, he refused 
 the appointment of Governor of Nebraska, 
 la 1861, he was a member of the peace 
 Congress that met at Washington. This 
 was the last time that he appeared in 
 public life. 
 
 The important influence of the example 
 of the American Revolution on the rights 
 of man, and the liberties of nations, is, as 
 yet, but partially estimated. It is not, 
 however, too much to say, that the work- 
 ing of our political institutions after a trial 
 of more than a century, the happy opera- 
 tion of religious freedom; the liberty of 
 the press ; the general diffusion of educa- 
 tion ; the skill and bravery of our chivalry 
 on land, and on sea; and the prosperity 
 and happiness of our country, are now 
 holding the admiration of the world. In 
 the midst of prosperity, nations, like indi- 
 viduals, are apt to forget their benefactors, 
 aud republics have been proverbially un- 
 
4*^ 
 
 grateful, and it is iocauibeDt upon us to 
 remove any such stain from the name of 
 Americans, and American history. 
 
 Comparison is the secret of linowledge, — 
 "Unless a variety of opinions," (said 
 Herodotus,) "Are laid before as, we have 
 no opportunity of selection, bnt are bound 
 of necessity to adopt the particular view 
 which may have been brought forward. 
 The parity of gold cannot be ascertained 
 by a single specimen ; bnt when we have 
 carefully compared it with others, we are 
 able to fix upon the finest ore." 
 
 la attempting to speak of the few de- 
 fenders of American Independence I have, 
 there should be added to the record a 
 sketch of the lives and achievements of 
 Colonel Ephriam Blane, Colonel Robert 
 Magftw, Captain William Hendricks, Col- 
 onel Beujamin Chambers, Oenerai Potter, 
 and Major Andrew Galbrath, but time and 
 your patience will not permit me to do 
 more at this moment, than to say of them, 
 that they were Pennsylvanians who held 
 high and honorable rank in the fraternity 
 of American Patriots, and in whose mem- 
 ory no effort or expense should be spared 
 by Cumberland County and the State of 
 Pennsylvania, in producing a publication 
 which all who are swayed by the impulse 
 of patriotism, or the honor of our land, 
 may regard, not memeiy with exultation 
 as a monument of state and national grat- 
 itude, but as the ever living evidence of a 
 just appreciation of the brave, the honor- 
 able, and virtuous achievements, which 
 indicate to the world the high destiny of 
 the republic. 
 
 The men who stamp the impressions of 
 their genius or their virtues on their own 
 times, iutlueuce also those which follow, 
 and they become the oenefactors of after 
 ages and remote nations, aa the history of 
 
our ooQDtry has so clearly defiaed, and of 
 sucb the memorials sboald be carefully 
 collected and preserved; and Americans 
 owe it to their country and to the world 
 to perpetuate such records while it is 
 possible to separate truth from fiction in 
 all that relates to those who laid the 
 foundation of this republic — who have 
 sustained it by their wisdom, or adorned 
 it by their talents. 
 
 So great is the effect which may be pro- 
 duced by such; and similar means, that 
 when a people has degenerated from the 
 virtues of their ancestors, when some 
 wide- wasting corruption has tainted their 
 morals, or tyranny has trampled down 
 their liberties, such records may serve to 
 keep the mind of the nation vigorous and 
 lofty, and preserve in the hearts of the 
 people a pure and intense love of Country. 
 Patriots, Moralists, Christians, think not 
 lightly of the sacred cause of freedom. 
 Wrong it not by unworthy forgetfulness, 
 or indifference to the memory of the men 
 who bequeathed to the people of this Be- 
 public, its independence. It imposes up- 
 on you no austerities ; it asks no aid from 
 ignorance; it loves the light. 
 
 Wherever there is Government, there 
 must be councils of administration and 
 collisions of opinions concerning its mode 
 and its measures. In all governments, 
 therefore, there are parties which neces- 
 sarily become braided and too often en- 
 tangled with the personal characters, 
 principles, passions and fortunes of indi- 
 vidual men. No sooner had the founders 
 of the Christian Faith laid the corner 
 stone for the establishment of the purest 
 and most self sacrificing of all religions, 
 by the selections of the twelve apostles, 
 than ambition and avarice, the thirst for 
 place, and treachery were disclosed among 
 them. 
 
49 
 
 The Constitution of the United States 
 was the result of a compromise between 
 parties, not factions. ("Faction," said 
 Judge William Gaston, ninety two years 
 age, "is a demon; faction out of power is 
 a demon enchained; faction vested with 
 the attributes of rule is a moloch of de- 
 struction"), therefore, it is claimed for 
 the Constitution of the United States, that 
 it was the result of a compromise between 
 parties which had existed from the first 
 formation of the American Union. 
 
 It drew together by closer ties the in- 
 habitants of an extensive country, chiefly 
 descended from one coiamon stock, but 
 greatly diversified by the varities of clim- 
 ates and soil on which they had settled, 
 and the oppositions of religious and politi- 
 cal opinions in which they had originated. 
 It made them permantly, aud by political 
 organizations, what the enthusiasm of a 
 common struggle for freedom, common 
 sufferings and common dangers had made 
 them— one people. 
 
 This stupendous monument of wisdom 
 and virtue was accomplished by a party 
 then known as Federalists, a name which, 
 at that time, WashinRton and Madison 
 were alike proud of bearing. 
 
 The American People, with the passing 
 of years should grow stronger, and not 
 weaker In their becoming solicitude in the 
 prenervation of the sentiments, and the 
 relics of their own glory. The loftiest 
 appeal to national honor and self-respect 
 is to preserve the features and rescue from 
 the wasting hand of time the memory of 
 those whose noble deeds, exalted fame, or 
 eminent virtues, have shed a luster upon 
 their age. 
 
 In place of thirteen scattered, oppressed 
 and degraded colonies, struggling with 
 poverty and united only by the resolutiou 
 
50 
 
 to be free, we have to day aa empire, 
 rich, powerfal and independent, and the 
 history of the lives of the foandere of this 
 empire, their names and their achieve- 
 ments should ever be cherished whether 
 we view them as illaatrative of what may 
 be accomplished by the native energy of 
 genins or an example of deep, pure, de- 
 voted patiiotism. 
 
 There is no surer sign of a general de- 
 cay of virtue in a nation, "than a want of 
 zeal in its inhabitants for the good of their 
 country," and it i« the duty of every loyal 
 American to learn the lesson, that he has 
 inherited a country which is his, not only 
 to enjoy, but his to protect, his to trans- 
 mit to fnture generations, in all its glory 
 undiminished and unimpaired. "High in 
 the firmanent of human destiny are set the 
 stars of faith m mankind, and unselfish 
 courage and loyalty to the ideal; and 
 while these shine, the spirit and the hope 
 of Washington and the men who stood 
 with him shall never die." 
 
 la every blade of grass, in every gather- 
 ing cloud, in every living creature, in 
 every throb of the mighty rhythmic life of 
 the universe, the glory, wisdom and power 
 of God is revealed, and not philanthropy, 
 but inspiration is the greatest service any 
 man can render his race. 
 
 The spirit of God was influencing the 
 human mind, when the corner stone of 
 the foundation upon which the great 
 structure of American Independence was 
 laid and now rests, and it was this same 
 spirit that qualified men to set forth truth 
 without error, eo impressed with the divine 
 sentiment of freedom that enabled the red 
 blood of Americans, filled with the ele- 
 ment of iron, to throw off the shackles of 
 Oppression and win for America its in- 
 dependence; giving us control at this 
 
5L 
 
 momeat ot a region covering a wonderfal 
 territory of boandless reaonrces and ad- 
 vantageous geographical position, and it 
 was a reflection of this same spirit of in- 
 spiration that gave birth to the American 
 flag, the firi^t single lamp, glittering with 
 the radiance of freedom that hang over 
 our heads, and carries with it wherever it 
 goes, the story of liberty, virtue and glory. 
 It witnessed the operations against Bur- 
 goyne and his surrender, after the battle 
 of Saratoga, October 17th, 1777, the sur- 
 render of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Sep- 
 tember 19th, 1781, and waved triumphant- 
 ly in the eyes of the English, and was 
 made brighter and more glorious than ever 
 at the fivaeuotion of New York, November 
 25th, 1783. It witnessed the creation of 
 American homesteads, and has given them 
 protection. It witnessed the establish- 
 ment of the famous highway across the 
 great plains, that on the lOfh day of May, 
 1869, drove the last spike at Promontory 
 Point in Utah, that connected by rail the 
 Atlantic and Pacific shores, and on the 
 7th day of November, 1805, when planted 
 by Lewis and Clark on the shore of the 
 Pacific, in our great Oregon Country, be- 
 came the beacon light that opened by way 
 of the "Golden Gate," to this Republic, 
 the largest expanse of water in the world, 
 covHritig an area of 67,810,000 square 
 miles, measuring north and south 9,000 
 mile«>, and east and west fiom fifty miles 
 at Behring Strait, where Asia and Ameri- 
 ca comes within sight of each other, to 
 8,500 miles between California and China 
 ou the Tropic of Cancer, to more than 
 10,000 miles on the Equator, and it is with 
 sincere regret that tLe acknowledgment 
 must be made that many names, not hav- 
 ing the advantage of contemporaneous 
 biographers sod eminent artists, to give 
 
current value to their well earned fame in 
 the history of the founding and develop- 
 ing; of our country, have passed away. 
 The merits of their services forgotten or 
 ascribed to others. 
 
 Enthusiasm and not conservation makes 
 strong men and strong governments. No 
 life, and no nation can be lifted above 
 stale mediocrity without the inward glow 
 and divine passion of earnest, honest, 
 manly enthusiasm. Bob a man of bis in- 
 dividuality, his self-respect, take away 
 from him his sturdy, self-reliant manhood, 
 and all enthusiasm within him dies, dies 
 for himst'lf, and for hia country. His use- 
 fulness is gone. 
 
 With the continuous growth of American 
 home life, whicb has moved across the 
 continent from the rocky shores of Ply- 
 moth to the peaceful waters of the Pacific, 
 and are now springing with leaps and 
 bounds through the "Golden Gate," 
 and moving out upon tne bosom 
 of tne deep, to rest like a benediction^npoa 
 the iijlands of the sea, there is hardly a 
 foot of soil that is not familiar with tho 
 hunger, nakedness and extremity of suf- 
 fering, the individual Amercian Pioneer 
 and Prospector, has not endured in his 
 enthusiasm in discovering, locating and 
 developing the rich fields, capital and labor 
 now enjoy. 
 
 Tnrougti their individual and enthusias- 
 tic efforts the boundaries of knowledge 
 have been enlarged, as well as the boun- 
 daries of a great and powerful nation, and 
 80 long as their names and their deeds are 
 remembered with gratitude, the glory of 
 our national existence cannot pass away. 
 
 The infancy of this nation has passed. 
 It is now living in the manhood of an ex- 
 istence that exceeds the boundaries of 
 more than ooe vast oontinent, and wijeth- 
 
3'J 
 
 er we look to tho past or to the fatuie, 
 everything conspires to animate as with 
 the proud consciousness of our independ- 
 ence, and if we are but true to ourselves, 
 this independence will live and grow in 
 tne ripened wisdom of centuries to come, 
 unmixed with any of the baser matter that 
 alloyed the pure gold of older nations. 
 
 Our present existence is exalted and 
 enriched, not by forgetfulness or indiffer- 
 ence, but by the memory of the past; and 
 as oar imagination recalls to our hearts 
 the authors of the good we enjoy, a sweet 
 reminiscence attends the recollection, and 
 we are rendered incapable of ingratitude. 
 "By their fraitd ye shall known them." 
 It is painfully evident that there is urgent 
 need for improvement in some of our 
 political and business methods. The ad- 
 vice given by Embassador Bryce, in his 
 address at the commencement exercises of 
 the the University of Illinois, June 12th. 
 1907, is not without interest to the Ameri- 
 can People. He said, "Leaders, honest, 
 capable, corageoas men are necessary in 
 a democracy as in other forms of Govern- 
 ment. Tho people must seek them out, 
 must honor them, must give them, if their 
 honesty is proved, its confidence. But the 
 whole people must continue to watch 
 everthing they do, and never surrender its 
 jad«emeut or its votes into their hands. It 
 was said by them of old, "that eternal 
 vigilance is the price of freedom." "It is 
 the price of other things also." "It is the 
 price of pure government." 
 
 Greater than laws, greater than written 
 constitutions, is an intelligent and right- 
 eous public sentiment. Constitutions and 
 laws do not make safety. It is the people 
 that make safety, and if the people neglect 
 their duty to the republic, they must pay 
 the penalties as individuals. Fdctioas or 
 
S4 
 
 g&tiga shoald hold do pl&ee in Ameiie&n 
 politics. It is all right to pray, bat watch 
 while you pray. 
 
 He was a wise man who said, "Let me 
 make the ballads of a nation, and I care 
 not who makes the laws." 
 
 Our National Song, "The Star Spangled 
 Banner," was composed in 1814, ninety 
 three years ago, and the famoasair, "Hail 
 Colambia," was sang more than one hun- 
 dred years ago. 
 
 The singing of a song has made a presi- 
 dent, honored kings, caused a country to 
 run rivers of blood, turned a populace into 
 a howling, mEiddened mob, reduced a mob 
 to a passion of tears, aided in starting 
 revolutions, cheered armies to victory, and 
 marked historical epochs. 
 
 The combinations of our flag, "The 
 Star Spangled Banner," and the sentiment 
 it expresses; the glory of the achieve- 
 ments it symbolizes; the record of the men 
 who fashioned and bonored it, that we 
 might enjoy the blessing of free men, and 
 free women, in a great and free republic, 
 and the wonderful expansion of country, 
 and of civilization, power and weaitu, 
 since the 4th day of July, 1776, when 
 America declared her independence, and 
 the 4th day of June, 1777, when our flag 
 was born amidst war's alarms, and through 
 which we now see the mighty and myster- 
 ious wing of the early sunrise of American 
 independence, warns us against the break- 
 ing of the ancient land marks established 
 by the fathers of our country. They are 
 pleasant memories, and should not only 
 be the perpetual boast of all America's 
 patriotic sons, but cling about the heart 
 until they grow iuto our very being, and 
 become identified with the elements of 
 thought and feeling which constitutes our 
 life. • . . 
 
The only national tribnnal which oaa sit 
 m jadgement on a national law and de- 
 clare an act of all three of the powers of 
 the anion to be noil and void, is the 
 justice of the aapreme coart of the land, 
 and to this hi^h and honorable place, was 
 John Marshall, (born in Fauquier county, 
 Virginia, September 24, 1755, and died in 
 Philadelphia, July 6, 1835.) appointed by 
 President Adams, January 31, 1801. 
 
 For thirty four years he graced the office 
 with increasing reputation and unsnllied 
 dignity. During his time, grave discus- 
 sions on constitutional law attracted much 
 of the talents of the bar in the Supreme 
 Court, and sometimes agitated the whole 
 nation, and if all the others of his judicial 
 arguments had perished, his luminous 
 judgement on these occHSsions would have 
 given an immortality to his name. Our 
 Republic was than in its infancy. New 
 conditions, requiring new laws to govern 
 them were constantly presenting them- 
 selves, aud yet, every year now, we have 
 more new laws created than Chief Justice 
 John Marshall considered daring his entire 
 term of office. 
 
 Upon Cougress resta the responsibility 
 to enact the necessary laws, aud upon the 
 President rests the responsibility to see 
 that the laws are faithfully observed. Up- 
 on us, who are citizens of this great repub- 
 lic, rests the grave aud responsible duty 
 of doing all in our power to influence just 
 aud equitable legislation, and the first step 
 towards this end is to secure the election 
 of men to our Lej?islative Halls, of un- 
 questioned probity, whoso ability, charac- 
 ter aud honesty of purpose, is fully recog- 
 nized and acknowledged by all thb people. 
 Certainly it is enough to liuow that the 
 heritage of freedom btqueathed to ua by 
 the fatberd of tbiB Bep^iblio, ia a prieeless 
 
56 
 
 otift. Tb&t a ooaQtfy where people of 
 every tribe, and every nation can seek 
 shelter under its mighty shade, and gather 
 from its branches the rich fruits of public 
 greatness and private happiness, a land 
 where every man's religion is protected, 
 and no man's is preferred, and where, in 
 the indefinate increase of numbers and 
 intelligence, no well directed effort to 
 better the condition of others can ultimate- 
 ly fail. A country, where, since Thomas 
 Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Liv- 
 ingston, John Adams, and Roger Sher- 
 man, prepared and gave to it a "Declara 
 tion of Independence," under which we 
 have been enabled for the universal good 
 of mankind to frame a Constitution, that 
 has carried into successful operation a 
 systpm of self government, uniting per- 
 sonal liberty, freedom of opinion, and 
 equality of rights, with national power 
 aad dignity, such as never before existed 
 in the world. Able to call forth on every 
 emergency, either in war or in peace, a 
 body of talent, always equal to the dif- 
 ficulty, aad that has given to the world 
 many examples of disinterested patriotism, 
 political wisdom, public virtue, learning, 
 eloquence and valor, never exerted save 
 for some praiseworthy end, whose soil has 
 been consecrated by the blood of heroes, 
 and whose wide extent is one vast temple 
 and hallowed asylum, sanctified by the 
 prayers and blessings of the persecuted of 
 every sect, and the wretched of all na- 
 tions, is one for which we may all stand 
 ready to sacrifice the richest red life blood 
 of our hearts in its defense. O, land of 
 liberty! Land of refuge! Land of bene- 
 diction, thy children have no cause to 
 blush for tdee! May truth ever flourish 
 within your borders, and righteousness 
 look down upon you from Heaven, and may 
 rhe time never come, when tne many 
 have to pay to the few, for the privilege of 
 liviDg beneath your emblem of authority 
 and power, "The Star Spangled Banner." 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 It is a pleasing task to speak of the 
 distinguished living and the illnstrions 
 dead, and to keep constantly before the 
 public, not only their sacrifices and 
 achievements, but their love tor and de- 
 votion to the best and highest interests of 
 their country, which was so well illustrat- 
 ed by the heroes of 1776, in the organiza- 
 tion of the society of the Cincinnati, which 
 was instituted in 1783, when the army was 
 disbanded. 
 
 When the officers were about to become 
 private citizens, they resolved to associate 
 themselves into a society of Fi-ienda, to 
 endure as long as they endured, or any of 
 their male posterity. 
 
 The principles on which the society is 
 based, should be emulated by all Ameri- 
 cans, "An incessant attention to preserve 
 inviolate those esalted rights and liberties 
 of human nature for which they fought and 
 bled, and without which, the high rank of 
 a national being is a curse, instead of a 
 blessing." — "Au unalterable determina- 
 tion to promote and cherish between the 
 respective states that union and national 
 honor so essentially necessary to their 
 happiness, and the future dignity of the 
 American empire; to render permanent 
 the cordial affection subsisting among the 
 officers of the allied forces." 
 
 Since the days of our American Revolu- 
 tion we have engaged as a nation, in three 
 wars ; with England for the second time in 
 1812-15; with Mexico, in 1846-48, and the 
 Spanish American war in 1898, 
 
 Thirteen years after the close of the 
 Mexican war, on the 9rh day of January, 
 1861, the first shot, of a serious rebellion 
 
!>8 
 
 ia America, since the days of oar Revolu- 
 tion, was fired by the forts on Morris 
 Island, on the "Star of the West," in her 
 attempt to cast anchor off Charleston har- 
 bor, with reinforcements for Major Ander- 
 son. And from that time until April 8th, 
 1865, when General Lee surrendered to 
 General Grant at Appomattox Court House, 
 it was a question, as to whether "Old 
 Glory" would continue to wave, as it had 
 done up to that time, for eighty-four years, 
 over a united and contented people. 
 
 In 1898, however, all doubt was removed 
 when It was moved in the Senate of the 
 United States that fifty millions of dollars 
 be placed at the disposal of President Mc 
 Kinley to uphold the honor of our country 
 in her conieet with Spain, and "Every 
 Southern man in both Houses of Congress 
 voted Aye." And when on the 2l8t day 
 of April,1898, the order was given Admiral 
 Dewey to capture or destroy the Spanish 
 Fleet iu the hurbor of Manila, and on Mny 
 lat, 1898, in command of the gallant little 
 American Fleet be entered the harbor of 
 Manila, and in a conflict to be famed in 
 modern naval history, obeyed his orders 
 by destroying the hostile Spanish Fleet, 
 thereby manifesting the prowess of Amer- 
 ica upon the sea, and earning the everlast- 
 ing gratitude of the American people.— 
 The world learned for the second time, 
 that the American people in their love of 
 country. North, South, East and West, 
 were nnshakeu, and as of old were united, 
 marching undsr and revering the same 
 
 flag. 
 
 On the morning of May Ist, 1898, when 
 Admiral Dewey had arranged his fleet, and 
 the sigaal given, "Remember the Maine," 
 and every dees cleared for action, he 
 turned to a son of "Old Mother Cumber- 
 laud," then Captain, but now Admiral Ben 
 
59 
 
 Lamberton, and gave the order, "Captain, 
 when yon are ready, yon may fire." The 
 Captain was ready. "He remembered the 
 Maine," Rave the order to fire and victory 
 followed. 
 
 Jost as the Revolutionary soldiers' 
 splendid courage glorified a score of battle 
 fields, so the American soldier, from that 
 time to this, has never faltered or failed in 
 maintaining the honor and glory of the 
 country. And in remembering and speak- 
 ing of their valor, it is but jost that we 
 gratefully remember and give honorable 
 mention of the brave men of other nations 
 that were in sympathy with, and rendered 
 us aid in time of trouble. 
 
 In the early atroggle of American Inde- 
 pendence, a Frenchman, General Lafay- 
 ette, served in the army with General 
 Washington from the battle of Brandy wine, 
 Semptember 11th, 1777, to the battle of 
 Monmouth, June 28th, 1778, when he re- 
 turned to his native land to inspire his 
 countrycien with his own generous senti- 
 ments for the cause of American freedom, 
 and when be acain presenttd himself for 
 duty in the American C»mp, he did so with 
 the promise from the King of France, of 
 speedy assistance by laud and sea, and in 
 in July 1780, two years after the battle of 
 Monmouth, u French Squadron under com- 
 mand of ivl. de Ternay, with between five 
 and six thousand troops, under the com- 
 mand of Compt de Roohambeau, arrived at 
 Newport, ready to aid the cause of Ameri- 
 can freedom. 
 
 lu 1862, a Frenchman, Compt de Paris, 
 eeived in the army without pay, on the 
 NtftCE of General George B, McClellan dur- 
 ing the Peninsula Campaign, and in 1890 
 one hundred and thirteen years after the 
 battle of the Braudywine, where General 
 Lafayette was wouaded, a nephew of this 
 
60 
 
 illuatrioaa hero, the Marqnis de Leysterie 
 visited the battle fields of the Peninsula 
 and Gettysburg, and witti other distin- 
 guished Frenchmen, in company with Gen- 
 eral Meade's Corps Commanders met on 
 the battle field of Gettysburg, and in 
 harmony with them expressed their gratifi- 
 cation in an unprofaned and unbroken 
 union on this North American Continent. 
 
 Holding a 2od Lieutenant's Commis- 
 sion iu company "iH," Third Pennsyl- 
 vania Cavalry, commanded, by Col. 
 W. W. Avereli, was William Edward Mil- 
 ler, of Carlisle, who for bravery and effi- 
 ciency was soon promoted to a captaincy, 
 and because of this and his association 
 with the Compt de Paris, and the Doe de 
 Chartres during the Peninsula Campaign, 
 and the fact that his presence was special- 
 ly desired by the Compt de Paris, when he 
 visited the battle field at Gettysburg in 
 1890, is my explanation to Captain Miller, 
 who is now acting as the honored Secre- 
 tary of your Society, for using his name. 
 
 General McClellan had every respect for, 
 and confidence in the bravery and ability 
 of Col. Avereli, and the officers and men of 
 the 3rd Pennyslvania Cavalry, and usually 
 kept this regiment near his head-qaarters, 
 and frequently ordered it out on reconnoi- 
 tering expeditions. Generally on such oc- 
 casions tue Corapt de Paris iwould accom- 
 pany it, and in this way the Compt and 
 Captain Miller became warm friends. 
 
 At the close of the campaign a coolness 
 arose between the American and French 
 Governments, and in consequence of this, 
 the Compt de Paris, his brother, the Due 
 de Chartres, and their uncle. Prince de 
 Jouiville, returned to France, carrying 
 with them, as after developments disclosed, 
 a kindly interest in the efforts o£ our Gov- 
 erment to re-establish that attachment for 
 
61 
 
 the onion, as the main pillar in the ediOca 
 of independence, the support of tranquil- 
 ity at home, and peace abroad; of safety, 
 prosperity and liberty, that suen men as 
 Washington, Lafayette, Green, Moultrie, 
 and others of their day, cherished for a 
 nation, (the foundation of which they es- 
 tablished), that has since their time, taken 
 its rank high in the scale of empires. 
 
 Twenty five years after the surrender of 
 General Lee, the desire to re visit the 
 battle field of the Peninsula and also learn 
 something of those of Gettysburg, took 
 possession of the Compt de Paris, and in 
 1890, under the auspices of the Loyal 
 Legion, he again visited America, in 
 company with, the Due de Uzes, Due de 
 Orleans, (the Gompt's sou) Captain Mor- 
 hain. Col. de Parseval, Compt of Hausson- 
 ville. Dr. Becamier, and Marquis de Leys- 
 terie, the nephew of General Lafayette, 
 the friend of the American people during 
 their struggle for freedom. 
 
 General D. Mc. M. Gregg at that time 
 was Commander of the Loyal Legion of 
 Pennsylvania, and received these distin- 
 guished foreign visitors, in the name of 
 the Loyal Legion, on their arrival in New 
 York. On landing General MoClellan's 
 old aid, the Compt de Paris, inquired for 
 Captain Miller, and when told that he was 
 alive and well, requested that he be invit- 
 ed to join the party at Gettysburg. The 
 invitation was at once conveyed to Captain 
 Miller, who in his letter of acceptance ad- 
 dressed to General Gregg, urged the Gen- 
 eral to meet him in Carlisle, remain over 
 night, and together they would, the next 
 uturning, go to Gettysburg, meet the Compt 
 and his party, also all of General Meade's 
 old Corps Commanders, who were also 
 guests of honor on this occasion, escorting 
 the Compt and bis party over the battle 
 
62 
 
 field of Gettysborg, in order, as the several 
 day's engagements took place, in chaige 
 of the officer in command of that portion 
 of the field on that special day. 
 
 The Compt, on his arrival in New York 
 went at once by special train to the Pen- 
 insula battle fields, thence to Gettys- 
 burg, where on the morning of October 
 15th, 1890, a line of carriages was formed, 
 and Major General Butterfield, who was 
 General Meade's Chief of Stafif in 1863, 
 Major Generals Sloeum and Howard, with 
 the Compt da Paris, occupied the first 
 carriage, and escorted the party over the 
 battle field of July Ist, 1863. General 
 Sickels then took charge as master of 
 ceremonies, and conducted the party over 
 the field of the second day's fight, and as 
 the several fields of battle were visited, 
 the commanders of eacn corps, at the 
 time of the battles, assumed charge of the 
 Compt, and did the honors of the occasion, 
 which was a notable one in the history of 
 our country. 
 
 On the night of July 2nd, 1863, General 
 Meade's head quarters was in a little old 
 log cabin on the Taneytown Pike, and 
 after the several fields of the Gettysburg 
 battle had been visited, and explained to 
 the Compt de Paris, by the commanders 
 of each corps, at the time of the engage- 
 ments, the party all adjourned to General 
 Meade's bead quarters in the old cabin, 
 and on entering, each corp's commander, 
 took the seat at the table, he occupied the 
 night of July 2nd, 1883, when in council 
 with their Chief, General Meade ; and he 
 informed them, he had not yet decided 
 upon his plan of action on the following 
 3rd day of July, and desired their views. 
 The distinguished French visitors and 
 their friends, including Captain William 
 Edward Miller, of Carlisle, assembled 
 
around the room, with the Compt de Paria 
 standing in one corner, an earnest observ- 
 er of all that was passing, and as each 
 corp's Commander repeated, as near as he 
 could remember, the answer given Gener- 
 al Meade, not a word was spoken by this 
 earnest party of lookers-on, until the con- 
 sensus of opinion was reached, and stated, 
 when the Compt de Paris modestly step- 
 ping a little to the front, remarked, — 
 
 "Yes Gentlemen, what you have said is 
 all true, but General Meade had to assume 
 the responsibility." The French charac- 
 ter never appeared with more true lustre 
 than it did on this memorable occasion, a 
 record of which should be treasured in the 
 archives of your association. 
 
 Carlisle and the Cumberland Valley has 
 never failed, when occasion required the 
 services of loyal and brave men to uphold 
 the honor and integrity of the Nation, to 
 furnish their full quota, and the citizens 
 of this Valley, H.nd the great Common- 
 wealth of Pennsylvania, have reason to 
 ever remember with pride, the services of 
 the late General R. M. Henderson, who, 
 when the Pennsylvania Reserves were 
 called to the front in 1861, left his office 
 and a lucrative practice, in response to 
 the call of the Government for troops. 
 His integrity of heart and life were ac- 
 knowledged and admired, and his bravery 
 as a soldier unquestioned. From child- 
 hood to old age, temperance, industry, 
 sincerity, benevolence, honor and truth, 
 guided his conduct. He was a valuable 
 citizen, an accomplished lawyer, and 
 judge, and should ever be remembered as 
 among those worthies who have won by 
 their virtues and their talents, an imper- 
 ishable name. 
 
 Then there was the late Captain James 
 L. Colwell, who was killed at Antietam, 
 
64 
 
 and the late Captain R. C. Smead, who 
 took an active part in nearly every en- 
 gagement in the Mexican War; their 
 memories should never be allowed to 
 shine from afar, like the stars of other 
 systems, whose cheering warmth and use- 
 ful light are lost in the distance. 
 
 When men and principles must be tried 
 at the bar of public opinion, as in our 
 country, it is not just that they should 
 struggle through a life of anxious toil and 
 unfaltering patriotism, waiting for the 
 hand of death, to secure proper recogni- 
 tion of their integrity and talents. I 
 shall therefore say for two of Carlisle's 
 distinguished living, Admiral Ben Lam- 
 berton, and Captain William E Miller, 
 whose military services are without re- 
 proach, and whose loyalty and bravery, 
 no man dare question, that their names 
 are interwoven with the history of the 
 United States, and their portraits should 
 grace a prominent place in our National 
 Portrait Gallery. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE CHART OF THE BAT- 
 TLEFIELD OP BRANDYWINE. 
 
 This photograph was taken from the 
 original chart of the Battlefield of Brandy- 
 wine, made by Mojor George Stevenson, 
 who was then, September lltb, 1777, a 
 Lieutenant in the 1st Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment, commanded by Col. James Cham- 
 bers,of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, who 
 was wounded in the engagement. 
 
 The Penna. Division, which included 
 the '^4th Reg't, 8th Keg't, 10th Reg't, 5th 
 Reg'^t, 3rd Reg't, 2nd Reg't, 11th Reg't, 
 7th Reg't, and 1st Reg't, was command- 
 ed by General Wayne,:and the first Brig- 
 ado by Col. Wearthley. 
 
 Age has nearly obliterated the Park of 
 Artillery of eight guns in the lower left 
 
63 
 
 band corner of the chart, oommauded by 
 Col. Proctor. 
 
 On the road leading to Chester, stands 
 two field guns of Col. Proctor's command, 
 commanded by Captain Courtney. These 
 are the guns rescued by Major George 
 Stevenson under a galling fire of grape 
 and canister. 
 
 The spot where General Lafayette was 
 wounded, also where Major Bush was 
 killed, is marked thus "X" on the chart. 
 The only copy of this chart ever made, 
 prior to the taking of this photograph, 
 was the one made by Major George Stev- 
 enson, and presented to General Lafay- 
 ette, at the celebration of the 48th anni- 
 versary of the battle, September 11th, 
 1825, eighty two years ago this September 
 llrh. 1907. 
 
 When the disasters of the campaign of 
 1776 were made known in Pans, and the 
 plan of sending from France to America 
 an armed vessel with munitions was 
 abandoned, and the American Commis- 
 sioners, Dean Dr. Franklin and Arthur 
 Lee, told Lafayette that tbey could not in 
 conscience urge him to proceed with his 
 project to aid America, his reply was, — 
 '•My seal and love of liberty have perhaps 
 hitherto been the prevailing motive with 
 me, but now I see a chance of usefulness, 
 which 1 bad not anticipated. These sup- 
 plies I know are greatly wanted by Con- 
 gress. I have money; I will purchase a 
 vessel to convey them to America, and in 
 this vessel my companions and myself will 
 take passage. 
 
 On his arrival in this country, with 
 Baron de Kalb, be at onco tendered his 
 services to Congress, on the condition of 
 serving withoot pay or emolument, and on 
 the footing of a volunteer, and Congress 
 learning of hie high ooonectioas and bis 
 
66 
 
 large means of aaefalaess, wicboat delay 
 gave him a commission of Major General 
 in the American Army. He was then but 
 nineteen years and eleven months old. 
 
 General Washington entertained for 
 General Lafayette the highest opinion, re- 
 garding bim with the tenderness of a 
 father, and found in the affection Lafay- 
 ette bore for bim one of the greatest com- 
 forts and blessings of his life. 
 
 Among the foreign officers engaged in 
 the battle of the Brandywine besides 
 Lafayette, who was wounded in the leg 
 during the action, were General Deborre, 
 a French officer; General Conway, an 
 Irishman, who had served in France; 
 Captain Louis Fluery, a French engineer; 
 and Count Pulaski, a Polish nobleman, 
 subsequently distinguished as a command- 
 er of cavalry. 
 
 On the morning of the 11th of Septem- 
 ber, the British advanced in two columns; 
 the right, under General Enyphansen, 
 marched straight to Chad's Ford; the left, 
 under Coruwallis, accompanied by Howe 
 and Generals Grey, Grant and Agnew, 
 proceeded by a circuitous route towards a 
 point named the Forks, where the two 
 branches of the Brandywine unite, with a 
 view to turn the right of the Americans 
 to gain the rear. 
 
 General Knyphausen's van soon found 
 itself opposed to the light troop under 
 General Maxwell, but Knyphausen rein- 
 forced his advance guard, and drove the 
 Americans across the rivulet, to shelter 
 themselves under their batteries on the 
 north bank, and while his artillery, which 
 was placed ou the most advantageous 
 points, was contesting with the American 
 batteries on the heights beyond the ford, 
 the left wing of the British crossed the 
 fords above the Forks. . 
 
07 
 
 After passing the Fords, Cornwallistook 
 the road to Dilworth, which led him on 
 the American right, guarded by General 
 Sullivan from the heights above Birming- 
 ham Church, his left extending to the 
 Brandywine, his artillery well placed, 
 with his right flank covered by woods. 
 
 About four o'clock in the afternoon 
 Comwallis formed the line of battle and 
 began the attack; forsometime the Ameri- 
 cans sustained it with intrepidity, but at 
 length gave way. 
 
 General Green was ordered by Washing- 
 ton, with a brigade, to support General 
 Sullivan, and after marching four miles in 
 forty-two minutes, reached the scene of 
 action only to find General Sullivan's 
 division defeated, and in confusion. He 
 covered the retreat however, and, after 
 some time, finding an advantageous posi- 
 tion, renewed the battle, and arrested the 
 progress of the enemy. 
 
 General Knyphausen, hearing the firing 
 of Comwallis' division, forced the passage 
 of Chad's Ford, compelled the troops 
 opposing him to make a precipitate and 
 disorderly retreat, and General Washing- 
 ton with the part of the aimy which he 
 was able to keep together, retired to 
 Chester, where he halted, within eight 
 miles of the British army, till the next 
 morning, when he retreated to Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Qonerul Howe stated his loss to be less 
 than one hundred killed, and four hundred 
 wouiided. This official report was untrue. 
 
 His loss at the Upper Ford, under com- 
 mand of Lieutenant Lord Comwallis was: 
 
 2Qd Regiment British Guards; 2od Regi- 
 ment Light Infantry, numbering 1,740,— 
 612 killed and wounded; 2ad Bngrade 
 British Foot, 2,240,— killed and wounded 
 was 360. 
 
68 
 
 1st DivisioD Hessians, 800 strong, was 
 70 killed and wonnded, 
 
 Ferguson's Riflemen, 80 strong, was 46 
 killed and wounded. 
 
 Total strength, 4,860, and of this number 
 1,088 was killed and wounded. 
 
 At Middle Ford, under command of 
 Major General Grey, there was the 2nd 
 Battalion Guatds, 500 strong; 2ad Battal- 
 ion 2ad Highlanders, 700 strong, and the 
 2nd Battalion 70th Highlanders, 700. To- 
 tal force 1,900. 
 
 At the Lower Ford, under the command 
 of Lieutenant General Knyphansen, there 
 was the 2nd Brigade, consisting of the 4tb, 
 5th, 10th, 15th, 23rd, 27th, 28th, 40th, 44th 
 and 55th regiments,— 2,240 stroug, and of 
 this force 580 were killed and wonnded. 
 
 Heesians 800,-28 killed and wounded. 
 Queen's Rangsrs 480,-290 killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 This command was 3,520 strong, and of 
 this number 898 were killed and wounded. 
 
 The whole British force was 10,280 
 
 The total killed and wounded 1,986 
 
 Total efficient men after the battle. ..8,294 
 
 Part Description of the Irvine Photo • 
 GRAPH Presented by Irvine Mahon. 
 
 General William Irvine, was born in 
 Enniskillen, Ireland, November 3, 1741, 
 and died in Puiladelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 July 27, 1804. 
 
 John Irwin was born in Auchnaehcloy, 
 County Tyrone, Ireland in 1746, and died 
 in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, April 19, 1830. 
 
 John de Irwin or Irwyu went from 
 Shapinka, in the Orkneys, to Aberdeen in 
 Scotland, in the 13th century and settled 
 at Castle Drum, on the River Dee, called 
 Drum Oak. 
 
 At the battle of Bannockburn, an Irwin 
 
G9 
 
 saved the life of Robert the Bruce; for 
 this and other services he was honored 
 with the Bruce Coat of Arms, Three Holly 
 Leaves. 
 
 General William Irvine, was married to 
 Miss Ann Callendar, whose parents resid- 
 ed in or near Middlesex, Cumberland 
 county, Pennsylvania. They had nine 
 children,— Callendar, Ann, William Neill, 
 Armstrong, Elizabeth, Mary B., Rebecca, 
 James and John. 
 
 Callendar, his son, had but one, the late 
 Dr. Wm. A. Irvine, who by his marriage 
 had two daughters and one son. The son 
 died before reaching manhood. His 
 daughter Margaret, married Thomas M. 
 Biddle, of Carlisle, and Sarah Duncan 
 married Dr. Thomas Newbold. 
 
 John Irwin, Qen'l Irvine's cousin, had 
 six children,— John Scull, Agnes Mary, 
 William Wallace, Francis Mason, David 
 and Eliza. 
 
 His daughter, Agnes Mary Irwin, was 
 twice married. Her first husband was 
 William liobe, of New York, an officer of 
 the United States Artillery, July 6, 1825. 
 He died in Washington City, November 
 22, 1825. The result of this marriage was 
 one son, William J. Rose, who married the 
 daughter of Dr. David N. Mahon, of Car- 
 lisle. He died, ( W. J. Rose) in New York 
 April 6, 1871, leaving a widow and five 
 children. 
 
 Her second marriage was to John Dun- 
 can Mahon, January 17, 1833. He died 
 July 3,1861. The result of this marriage 
 was two sons and four daughters,— Agnes 
 Irwin, Irwin, Francis Everallyn, James 
 Duncan, Mary Lfe and Sophia Irwin. 
 
 John Duncan Mahon's first wife was a 
 daughter of the Hon. Thomas Duncan, of 
 Carlisle, with whom he read law. He was 
 born in Pittsburg, November 5, 1796, and 
 
70 
 
 graduated at Dicklaaon College, Carliale, 
 in 1814 with honor. He was the oldest 
 son of the Rev. Samuel Mahon, who mar- 
 ried Anna Dancan, a sister ofe Judge 
 Duncan. His sister, Mary, married Rich- 
 ard Henry Lee, of WashinRton, D. C, and 
 his daughter, Mary, married Francis Light- 
 foot Lee, eon of Richard Henry Lee. By 
 his first marriage he had four children, — 
 Ann Duncan, Thomas Duncan, Martha 
 and John Duncan. Ann Duncan married 
 Thomas Sutton, a lawyer of Clarion, 
 Claion county, Pennsylvania, and Martha 
 married Dr. John Scull Irwin, of Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa. 
 
 William Wallace Irwin, was first mai- 
 ried to Francis Everallyn Smith, of New 
 i'ork City, September 24, 1829, by the 
 Rev. Robert Bruce, D. D. She died Feb- 
 ruary 24, 1836. His second marriage was 
 to Sophia Arabella Bache, of Washington, 
 D. C, February 28, 1839. By the first 
 marriage there were four children, Francis 
 Mason, John, Charlotte Wyman, and Wil- 
 liam. By the second marriage there were 
 five children,— Agnes, Richard Biddle, 
 Sophia Dallas, Robert Walker, and Mary 
 Bache,— making nine in all. 
 
 His son, John, whose mother was Fran- 
 cis Everallyn Smith, was Admiral John 
 Irwin of the United States Navy. 
 
 Agnes, whose mother was Sophia Ara- 
 bella Bache, is now, October, 1907, Dean 
 of Radcliff College, and the great grand- 
 daughter of Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 In 1759, the degree of Doctor of Laws 
 was conferrred upon Franklin by the St. 
 Andrews Univereity, of Scotland. On tho 
 17 day of April, 1906, at the Bi-centen- 
 uial Celebration of the birth of Franklin, 
 in the city of Philadelphia, Andrew Car- 
 negie as Lord Rector of St. Andrews Uni- 
 versity of Scotland, conferred this sftme 
 
71 
 
 degree, Doctor of Laws, npon Mies Agnes 
 Irwin. 
 
 This honor is one, which from the first 
 has been bestowed only for personal 
 achievement, and was not granted in this 
 case upon any other ground than that of 
 Miss Irwin's own services and merits. She 
 is the I'ourth woman in the academic his- 
 tory of St. Andrew's to have this degree 
 conferred upon her, and on this account 
 the distinction is all the more noteworthy. 
 
 After the Red Hood of St. Andrew's was 
 placed upon Miss Irwin, greetings from the 
 world followed in quick succession. 
 
 First in order was the address of Mr. 
 Carnegie, representing St. Andrews of 
 Scotland. 
 
 Second,— Rev. William Paterson, rep- 
 resenting the University of Edinburgh; 
 Third, — President Elliott of Harvard ; 
 Fourth.— President Hadley of Yale; Fifth, 
 — Alois Brandi, of the University of Ber- 
 lin ; Sixth, — Dr. H. A. Lorenz, of Batavia, 
 Holland, who delivered his address in 
 Dutch, and others of equal renown. Dr. 
 Samuel G. Dixon, represented the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences, of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Irvine, Irwin, Irving, Erwin, Irwyn or 
 Erinvine, is all one and the same name, 
 regardless of bow you find it spelled. 
 
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