.H28 
 
 if/^ 
 
B236-216-750 
 
 BULLETIN 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
 
 1916: No. 8 
 
 February 5 
 
 1916 
 
 Manual Training in the High School 
 
 BY 
 
 O. A. HANSZEN 
 
 Adjunct Professor of Manual Training 
 
 and 
 
 Assistant Visitor of Schools 
 
 Published by the University six times a month and entered fts 
 
 second-class matter at the postoffice at 
 
 AUSTIN, TEXAS 
 
The benefits of education and of 
 useful knowledge, generally diffused 
 through a community, are essential 
 to the preservation of a free gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 Sam Houston. 
 
 Cultivated mind is the guardian 
 genius of democracy. ... It is the 
 only dictator that freemen acknowl- 
 edge and the only security that free- 
 men desire. 
 
 Mirabeau B. Liamar. 
 
 Q, of IE** 
 
 UN 24 19^' 
 

 v^^^ 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction 5 
 
 Courses of Study 7 
 
 Detailed Outline of Mechanical Drawing 12 
 
 Detailed Outline of Shopwork 18 
 
 Woodwork 20 
 
 Concrete Construction 31 
 
 Wood Turning 34 
 
 Sheet Metal Construction 37 
 
 Art Metal Work 37 
 
 Pattern Making 39 
 
 Foundry Practice 40 
 
 Forge Work 41 
 
 Machine Shop Practice 43 
 
 Equipment 46 
 
 Equipment for Courses in Group 1 47 
 
 Equipment for Courses in Group II 63 
 
 Equipment for Manual Training — High School 68 
 
 Requirements of Manual Training Rooms 69 
 
 Purchasers Finding List 74 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 There is a widespread and growing demand, in this country, 
 for manual training and industrial education. This demand is 
 an effort to meet some of the fundamental educational needs of 
 our school system and the social need for a larger number of 
 intelligent trained workers for the industries. It has resulted in 
 the teaching of a variety of the manual or mechanic arts and in 
 the development of a number of systems of instruction. Almost 
 all of the large cities in every State have spent large sums to? 
 buildings and equipment in order to meet the demand. The work 
 in these centers is thoroughly organized, and the excellent results 
 thus far attained have fully justified the large expenditures. 
 
 In order to extend the benefits of instruction in manual train- 
 ing to more schools, legislation to encourage and assist schools 
 undertaking this work, has been enacted in many of the States. 
 
 The Texas Legislature has aided the public schools, by appro- 
 priating money to supplement the funds raised by local means. 
 It has also provided for the training of teachers of manual train- 
 ing, in the higher educational institutions of the State. The Uni- 
 versity of Texas is assisting in the spread and development of 
 the work, not only by offering courses in manual training for 
 teachers, but by granting entrance credits for the work done in 
 the affiliated high schools. In many parts of the State plans are 
 being made for the introduction of manual training into the pub- 
 lic school course, or for the extension and development of the 
 work already started. But the lack of proper information 
 makes it difficult for the superintendent and school boards to plan 
 wisely. The few well organized and successful* large manual 
 training high schools are taken as guides by many of the smaller 
 schools introducing the w^ork. Copying in detail the systems, the 
 equipment, and the course of study of these large schools, does 
 not avoid serious mistakes, since careful adjustment to local con- 
 ditions and to the needs of the community must be made if this 
 new part of the school work is to succeed. Some of the adjust- 
 ments cannot be made until after the work is pretty well orga- 
 nized and in operation, but some phases of the problem must 
 be solved before the equipment is purchased, and in many cases 
 this has to be done before a competent teacher can be secured. 
 
6 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 It is the purpose of this bulletin to supply such information 
 concerning courses of study, equipment, space required, etc., as 
 is needed by superintendents organizing departments of manual 
 training; also to indicate the best lines along which to develop 
 and improve the course of study and instruction. 
 
COURSES OF STUDY 
 
 In the organization of the manual training department in the 
 high school, much care should be exercised in planning or in se- 
 lecting a course of study. Upon the course adopted will largely 
 depend the amount and the shape of floor space, the number and 
 character of rooms, the kind of equipment, the special training of 
 the teacher, and other important elements. 
 
 It is doubtful if there could be outlined, at this time, courses 
 which would satisfactorily meet the needs of all schools in the 
 State. • These needs differ not only with different types and 
 grades of schools, but with the particular locality and commun- 
 ity\ The following courses, it is believed, will serve as safe guides 
 to a large majority of the public high schools. The course in 
 Group I is recommended for rural high schools, those in Group 
 II for high schools in medium sized cities having no extensive 
 manufacturing industries, and the course in Group III for 
 schools in large cities and for schools in manufacturing centers. 
 
 GROUP I. 
 
 Two-Year Course. 
 
 DRAWINfi. 
 
 First Year. — Freehand projection sketches, from objects and 
 from details of buildings and furniture. Use of instruments. 
 Lettering-. Geometric constructions. Working drawings. 
 
 Second Year. — Working drawings of farm building details, fur- 
 niture problems, or useful farm projects. Sketching of machine 
 details from objects. Perspective sketches from projection draw- 
 ings. 
 
 Note: See detailed outline nf mechanical drawing, page 12. 
 
 SHOPWORK. 
 
 First Year. — Bench woodwork. A., 1 to 6. Carpentry applied 
 to concrete forms and frame buildings. D, 1 and 2a. Concrete 
 construction. 
 
 Second Year. — Carpentry applied to farm buidings, D, 2a and 
 b, or benchwork, A, 5 to 9, and B, 1 to 3, and simple furniture 
 
8 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 problems, C, 1 to 3. Forging, 1 to 9, 13. Simple sheet metal 
 work, 1 to 3. 
 
 Xote. — The figures and letters following subjects refer to the 
 detailed outlines page 20 and indicate the amount of ivork to use. 
 
 GROUP II. 
 T ICG-Year Course. 
 
 DRAWING. 
 
 First Year. — Freehand projection sketches from objects. Use 
 of instruments. Geometric constructions. Scale working draw- 
 ings. Freehand lettering. Tracing. 
 
 Second Year. — Perspective sketches from projection drawings. 
 Furniture details. Orthographic projections. Elementary archi- 
 tectural drawings. Original cottage plans and elevations. 
 
 SHOP WORK. 
 
 First Year. — Bench woodwork. Wood finishing. 
 Second Year. — Advanced bench woodwork. Problems in fur- 
 niture construction, 1 to 3. 
 
 Three-Year Course. 
 
 The first and second year of this course should be the same 
 as the first and second year of the two-year course except that 
 turning should be included in the second year's work. 
 
 DRAWING. 
 
 Third Year. — Sketching of machine parts. Geometric curves. 
 Architectural or machine drawing. 
 
 SHOP WORK. 
 
 Third Year. — Forge work, 1 to 13. Sheet metal work. Ma- 
 chine shop work, A to D. 
 
Manual Training in the High Scliool 9 
 
 GROUP III. 
 
 Four-Year Course. 
 
 DRAWING. 
 
 First Year. — Freehand projection sketches from objects. Use 
 of instruments. Geometric constructions. Scale working draw- 
 ings. Conventional representation of materials. Freehand let- 
 tering. Tracing. Principles of decorative designs. 
 
 Second Year. — Perspective sketching from orthographic pro- 
 jections. Furniture details and working drawings. Ortho- 
 graphic projections. Use of water colors. Isometric and oblique 
 drawings. Elementary architectural drawing. Original cottage 
 plans and elevations. 
 
 Third Year. — Intersections. Developments. Higher geometric 
 curves. Architectural or m.achine details. 
 
 Fourth Year. — Line shading. Perspective. Drawing for re- 
 production. Choice of architectural or machine drawing. 
 
 SHOPWORK. 
 
 First Year. — Bench woodwork. Problems in simple furniture 
 construction, C, 1 to 2. Wood finishes. 
 
 Second Year. — Turning. Choice of: Art metal work, A and 
 C, and problems in furniture construction, 2 to 4; or, Pattern 
 making and moulding. 
 
 Third Year. — Forging. Choice of : Art metal and sheet metal 
 work; or, Pattern making, moulding and foundry practice. 
 
 Fourth Year. — jMachine shop work. 
 
 TIME REQUIRED. 
 
 The amount of time that should be given to each of the sub- 
 jects suggested in the preceding outlines of courses cannot be de- 
 termined except by trial in each particular school. The previous 
 training and experience of the pupils, the standard of work de- 
 manded by the teacher, and the character of the material used, 
 will largely determine the apportionment of the time available 
 for the work. 
 
 As considerable time at the beginning of the laboratory period 
 
10 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 must be used in preparing for the work, and as considerable time 
 at the close of the period must be used in cleaning up and setting 
 things in order, this extra time amounting in many cases to as 
 much as fifteen minutes, each laboratoiy lesson should be given 
 at least a double period, or aboiit ninety minutes. 
 
 Many of the most valuable problems require a number of hours 
 for completion, and when this time is divided into short and scat- 
 tered periods the pupil 's interest is sure to lag, and much of the 
 instruction given is forgotten before it can be applied. It is 
 therefore recommended that at least two periods of 90 minutes 
 each be devoted to shopwork and an equal amount to drawing each 
 week. The University is offering % or 1 unit of credit for 
 manual training (shopwork) and i/o or 1 unit of credit for draw- 
 ing. In order to obtain one unit of credit in either of these sub- 
 jects, the amount of time devoted to the subject must be at least 
 five periods of 80 minutes each per week for thirty-six weeks, 
 or the equivalent of this time may be spread over two years of 
 the high school. 
 
 Table No. 2, immediately following, is given to show how a few 
 of the well organized schools have apportioned the time devoted 
 to shopwork and drawing. 
 
 Table No. 2. 
 
 Total number of hours devoted to drawing and to shopwork, 
 and number of lessons for each topic : 
 
Manual Training in the High Scliool 
 
 11 
 
 Column A gives the number of lessons. 
 
 Column B gives the total 
 
 number of hours. 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 d-g 
 
 o 
 
 c „ 
 
 o — 
 
 fq.Sf 
 
 W 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 dec 
 
 t. o 
 
 ox: 
 
 o 
 e o 
 
 ex: 
 
 a.Sf 
 
 M 
 
 
 ll 
 
 Is 
 
 
 
 
 gl 
 
 03 J- 
 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 A 
 
 B 1 A 
 
 B 
 
 A 1 B 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 48 
 
 A 
 
 To 
 
 10 
 24 
 45 
 
 B 
 
 120 
 
 A 
 
 180 
 45 
 20 
 15 
 95 
 5 
 
 B 
 
 First Year. 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 36 
 
 54 90 
 -- 1 24 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 150 
 
 
 
 1.35 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 30 
 15 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 23 
 
 68 
 
 6 
 15 
 15 
 
 9 12 
 23 12 
 23 24 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 15 
 14 
 
 5 
 23 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 
 — 
 
 15 
 
 50 
 15 
 
 25 
 83 
 
 25 
 
 11 
 
 
 71 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 90 
 60 
 30 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 90 
 4.? 
 
 135 
 
 '40 
 14 
 
 36 
 
 81 
 60 
 21 
 
 54 
 
 90 
 45 
 45 
 
 135 
 63 
 62 
 
 135 
 
 90 150 
 45 75 
 45 75 
 
 90150 
 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 54 
 
 
 16-' 
 
 180 
 
 135 
 
 
 5' 36... 
 49, 72 
 
 150 112 
 
 
 3U 22 
 
 
 
 Second Year. 
 
 108 
 
 ... 
 
 120 
 10 
 
 180 
 '45 
 
 13- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 46 47 
 
 — 
 
 45, 75 6 
 
 9 
 96 
 
 "3 
 
 "45 
 15 
 10 
 
 34 
 
 
 45 
 15 
 15 
 
 6b 
 23 
 23 
 
 
 
 64 
 "1 
 
 
 Isometric and oblique drawings. _ 
 
 
 26 
 
 — 
 
 30 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 135 .'54 
 
 81 
 38 
 44 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 150 108 
 
 162 
 
 ... 
 
 162 
 
 180 
 
 ISn 
 
 
 
 25 
 29 
 
 
 Furniture problems ----- 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 150 
 
 
 
 
 
 180 
 
 13-> 
 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 6R 
 
 54 
 
 81 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 81 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Third Year. 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 36 
 30 
 
 54 
 45 
 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 15ft 
 
 72 
 
 108 
 
 
 190 
 
 180 135 
 
 
 30 45 
 
 30 45 
 
 
 
 45... 
 
 10 --- 
 
 90 67 
 
 
 30 45 
 
 .'50 m 
 
 
 10 S 
 
 
 60 90 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 — ' ' 60 
 
 10O| 72108 
 
 or 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shopwnrk . - - - - 
 
 90 
 90 
 
 135 
 135 
 
 54 
 
 81 
 
 ,180 90 
 
 150 108 162 — 
 1501001.50 108 
 
 162 
 
 180 
 
 135 
 
 
 60 
 
 90 90 
 
 
 
 
 8 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 180 
 180 
 
 13'^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 108 
 108 
 
 "1 
 20 
 20 
 
 45 
 or 
 
 4a 
 
 120 
 
 
 Fourth Year. 
 
 90 
 
 1.35 
 
 36 
 
 54 
 
 90 
 
 5 
 40 
 20 
 27 
 or 
 25 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 150 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 lOO 
 
 72 
 '72 
 
 135 
 
 Line sliadin?- 
 
 81 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 
 30 
 37 
 
 10 
 15 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ::: 
 
 20 
 160 
 
 15 
 
 Architectural drawing - - . 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 36 
 
 51 
 
 T>0 
 
 Machine drawing -. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shopwork - -- - - -- - -- - 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 54 
 54 
 ... 
 
 81 
 81 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 150 
 
 108 
 
 162 
 
 
 16-2 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 150 
 
 108 
 
 1691108 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Note: The data for this table was collected in 1914. 
 
DETAILED OUTLINE OF MECHANICAL DRAWING. 
 
 A. Freehand pencil work: 
 
 1. Orthographic projection sketches from objects (omit 
 
 dimensions and dimension lines). 
 
 a. Two views of rectangular objects. 
 
 Suggested problems — box, bench hook, miter box. 
 
 b. Three views of objects with inclined surfaces. 
 Suggested problems — bird house, mail box, hopper 
 
 construction. 
 
 c. Two or more views of objects having curved surfaces 
 
 and tangent edges. 
 
 Suggested problems — breadboard, pin tray, coat hang- 
 er, curved rail of chair back, 
 d. Views requiring hidden edges, use of shade lines and 
 sections. 
 
 Suggested problems — desk tray, mortise and tenon 
 joints, plane stock. 
 
 2. Orthographic projection sketches from isometric draw- 
 
 ings. 
 
 a. Rectangular objects. 
 
 b. Objects having inclined surfaces. 
 
 c. Objects having plane and curved surfaces. 
 Suggested problems^shop exercises. 
 
 3. Orthographic sketches from perspective sketches or pho- 
 
 tographs. 
 
 a. Rectangular objects. 
 
 b. Objects having inclined surfaces. 
 
 c. Objects having plane and curved surfaces. 
 Suggested problems — shop projects. 
 
 4. Lettering. 
 
 a. Single stroke Gothic capitals and numerals not over 
 
 1/4 inch high. 
 Problems — tracing alphabet and numerals from 
 standard copy for use as guide in notebook work, 
 short practice lessons each day paralleling A, 1, 2, 
 3, 4; titles to sketches, shop tables, home exercises. 
 
 b. Single stroke lower case letters. 
 Problems — Follow suggestions in A. 
 
Manual Training in the High Scliool 13 
 
 c. Inclined single stroke Gothic letters and numerals 
 ( Reinhardt sy.stem ) . 
 Suggested problems — Follow suggestions for problems 
 in a, and print dimensions and notes on drawings, 
 print stock bills, table of contents of notebook, etc. 
 Note : Either the inclined or vertical style should be fairly 
 well mastered before the other style is taken up. 
 5. Perspective sketching. 
 
 a. From rectangular objects. 
 
 b. From objects with inclined surface. 
 
 c. From objects with curved edges. 
 
 d. From orthographic projections or working drawings. 
 
 1. Use cube as guide. 
 
 2. Use parallel lines for estimating measurements. 
 
 3. Use elliptical protractor. 
 
 Problems — Use similar problems to thase suggested 
 for "Orthographic Projection from Objects" — 
 a, b, c, d, and furnish blue prints, projection, or 
 working drawings of problems for home work. 
 B. Use of Instruments. 
 
 1. Penciling. 
 
 a. Laying out of drawing plate. 
 
 b. Accurate pencil drawings to scale, from projection 
 
 sketches. Use of scale, T square and triangles. Prob- 
 lems A, 1, c and A, 1, b. 
 
 2. Inking. 
 
 a. Euling pen, straight line work. 
 
 Problems — C, 1, a and b, and conventional represen- 
 tation of materials. 
 
 b. Curved lines with ruling pen, circles with compasses. 
 Problems — C, 1, c and exercise in concentric and tan- 
 gent circles. 
 
 c. Tracing. 
 
 1. Freehand. 
 
 Problems — Decorative cover design, title pages, 
 bookplates, lettering, etc. 
 
 2. With ruling pen and compass pen. 
 
 Problems — Orthographic projections of smoothing 
 plane stock and isometric drawings of parts of 
 plane. 
 
14 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 C. Geometrical Constructions. 
 
 1. With T square and triangles. 
 
 Problems — Square, hexagon, octagon, angles of 15° 
 and 75°, divide a line into any number of equal parts 
 by parallels. 
 
 2. Simple constructions, using: compass. 
 
 Problems — Erect perpendicular, bisect lines and angles, 
 eonstruct angles . equal to given angles, construct 
 polygons as hexagon, octagon, etc. 
 
 Note : The simple problems should be in pencil and 
 form part of the notebook work. 
 
 3. Advanced work on drawing plates. 
 
 Problems — Pentagon, many sided polygons having a 
 
 side given. 
 Tangent circles, ellipse and other paths of moving points 
 
 as the involute, cycloids and helix. 
 
 D. Working Drawings. 
 
 1. Tracing of a standard working drawing making use of 
 
 the principal conventions as follows: 
 Object lines, full lines, dotted lines, shade lines. 
 Dimension lines, extension lines, arrowheads, foot and 
 
 inch marks, broken sections, cross hatchings. 
 Problems — Furniture design, chair, porch swing or 
 
 table. 
 
 2. Tracing of standard working drawing making use of 
 
 conventions including the following: 
 Tapped holes : Representation, size, dimensions, diame- 
 ters, radi, angles. 
 Drilled holes : Representation, size, bolts and nuts, 
 
 screw threads, etc. 
 Problems — Front jaw of bench vise, jack plane stock 
 and frog of plane. 
 
 3. Ink drawings from student's sketches of the object. 
 Problems — Scale drawing of shop problems as footstool 
 
 or book rack with keyed mortise and tenon joint. 
 
 4. Ink drawings of furniture problem designed by pupil 
 
 from statement of requirements. 
 Problem — Any shop project as a chair or porch swing. 
 
Manual Training in the High Scliool 15 
 
 E. Orthographie Projections. 
 
 1. Planes of projection. 
 
 a. Relation of planes. 
 
 b. Objects in third angle. 
 
 c. Relation of planes when revolved into the plane 
 
 of the drawing plates : ground line, vertical and 
 horizontal traces of P plane. 
 
 2. Projection axioms. 
 
 These axioms should be determined by the use of the 
 projection cage. 
 
 a. The height of the profile projection is the same as 
 
 that of the V projection. 
 
 b. The width of the horizontal projection is equal to 
 
 the width of the vertical projection. 
 
 c. The heighth of the horizontal projection is equal to 
 
 the width of the profile projection. 
 
 d. The horizontal projection of any point is as far 
 
 from the ground line as the point is from the V 
 plane and the projection is as far from the PI 
 trace of the P plane as the point is from the P 
 plane. 
 
 e. The V projection of any point is as far from the 
 
 ground line as the point is from the horizontal 
 plane. 
 
 f. The profile projection is as far from the V trace of 
 
 the P plane as the piont is from the V plane and 
 the projection is as far from the ground line as 
 the point is from the H plane. 
 
 g. The projection of a line perpendicular to the plane 
 
 of projection is a point. 
 
 h. The projection of a line parallel to the plane is the 
 true length of the line. 
 
 i. The projection of a line is never longer than the 
 line itself. 
 
 j. The projection of parallel lines are parallel upon the 
 same plane of projection. 
 
 k. If two lines are perpendicular to each other and 
 one of the lines is parallel to the plane of projec- 
 tion and the other line is not perpendicular to the 
 
16 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 plane the angle shown in the projection will be 
 a right angle. 
 
 3. Objects oblique to the planes of projection. 
 
 a. Revolution to obtain true shape of plane surface. 
 
 4. Auxiliary planes of projection. 
 
 a. Eevolution of object omitted by use of auxiliary 
 
 plane. 
 
 b. True lengths and true shapes of plane surfaces found 
 
 by aid of auxiliary plane. 
 
 5. Projection problems involving H, V and P planes. 
 
 a. Plane faced solids as the rectangular, triangular and 
 
 hexangle prisms and straight line shop problems. 
 
 b. Curved surfaced solids, as simple type forms of 
 
 revolution. 
 
 c. Revolution of solids to obtain true length of lines 
 
 and exact shape and size of surface. 
 
 d. Abstract problems dealing with straight and curved 
 
 lines and plane figures. These should be distrib- 
 uted throughout the course in projection and 
 may form the major part of the home or notebook 
 work in this subject. 
 
 6. Problems making use of an auxiliary plane. 
 
 F. Isometric Projection. 
 
 1. The isometric axis. 
 
 2. The isometric scale. 
 
 3. Isometric drawings: 
 
 a. Cube and objects based upon the cube. 
 
 b. Objects with non-isometric lines. 
 
 G. Oblique or Cabinet Projection. 
 H. Development of surfaces. 
 
 1. Plane surfaced solids as cube, prisms, pyramids, etc. 
 
 a. Surfaces of complete solids. 
 
 b. Surfaces of solids cut by planes. 
 
 2. Curved surfaces. 
 
 a. Surfaces of type forms of revolution as of cone, 
 cylinder. 
 I. Intersection of Surfaces. 
 
 a. Plane surfaces: Surfaces of prisms and pyramids. 
 
 b. Curved surfaces: Surfaces of cylinders and cones. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 17 
 
 c. Plane and curved surfaces : Prisms and cylinders, 
 prisms and cones, pyramids and cylinders, and 
 pyramids and cones. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 DRAWING. 
 
 Elementary Problems in Mechanical Drawing : Bennett, Manual 
 
 Arts Press, $1. 
 Working Drawings : Babbett, Henry Holt & Co., Chicago, $1. 
 Mechanical Drawing in High Schools: Book I, 80 cents, and 
 
 book II, 95 cents, Atkinson, Mentzer & Grover, Chicago. 
 Elements of Mechanical Drawing: Anthony, D. C. Heath & 
 
 Co., $1.50. 
 Notes in Mechanical Drawing: ]Mathewson, Taylor Holden Co., 
 
 Springfield, Mass., $1.25. 
 Perspective Sketching from Working Drawings : Mathewson, 
 
 Taylor Holden Co., Springfield, Mass., $1. 
 Technical Drawing: French, McGraw-Hill Book Co., $2. 
 Machine Drawing: Anthony, D. C. Heath & Co., $1.50. 
 The Essentials of Gearing : Anthony, D. C. Heath & Co., $1.50. 
 Freehand Lettering: Daniels, Anthony, D. C. Heath & Co., 
 
 $1.50. 
 Lettering for Draftsman : Reinhart, Van Nostrand Co., $1. 
 Hand Book of Linear Perspective, Shadows and Reflection : 
 
 Fuch, Ginn & Co., $1.25. 
 Simplified Mechanical Perspective : Frederick, Manual Arts 
 
 Press, 75 cents. 
 Mechanical Drawing: Cross, Ginn & Co., $1. 
 Effective Methods in Mechanical Drawing: Evans, Manual Arts 
 
 Press, 50 cents. 
 Advanced Mechanical Drawing : Jameson, John Wiley & Sons, 
 
 $2.00. 
 How to Draw a Bungalow: Brigham, ^Manual Arts Press, 50 
 
 cents. 
 Architectural Drawing: Edminster, Manual Arts Press, $2. 
 Details of Building Construction : Martin, Bates & Guild Co., 
 
 Boston, $2. 
 Architectural Drawing: Radford, Radford Architectural Co., 
 
 $1.50. 
 
18 ■ Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 FREEHAND DRAWING AND DESIGN. 
 
 Freehand Drawing: Cross, Ginn & Co., SO cents. 
 
 Light and Shade : Cross, Ginn & Co., $1. 
 
 The Wash Method of Handling Water Color: F. F. Frederick, 
 
 Manual Arts Press, 50 cents. 
 With Pen and Ink: Hall, Manual Arts Press, $1.50. 
 Classroom Practice in Design : Haney, Manual Arts Press, 50 
 
 cents. 
 Composition : Dow, Doubleday, Page & Co., $4. 
 Principles of Design : Batchelder, MacMillan Co., $3. 
 Design in Theory and Practice : Bachelder, MacMillan Co., 
 
 $1.75. 
 
 DETAILED OUTLINES OF SHOPWORK. 
 
 Purpose and Flan of Work. 
 
 The problems and the arrangement of the work given in the 
 following outlines are merely suggestive. They may be altered 
 by the teacher and pupil to meet local conditions and individual 
 needs. The purpose has been to outline courses containing the 
 fundamental elements and processes essential to every good 
 course in shopwork. These courses are sufficiently organized to 
 enable the trained teacher to secure definite, desirable results. 
 The instruction and execution of the w^ork should awaken and 
 hold the interest of the pupil and cause him to acquire the fol- 
 lowing: 
 
 (a) Skill in the correct practical use of tools and machines. 
 
 (b) Knowledge of materials used; of tools and machines, 
 their design, development, and use in the industries; of mechani- 
 cal processes, principal operations, arrangements of operations, 
 time required; of principles of decorative and structural design. 
 
 (c) Ability to read and make working drawings. 
 
 (d) Power of mechanical analysis. 
 
 (e) Increase in initiative and inventive ability. 
 
 (f) Habits of neatness, accuracy, and industry. 
 
 (g) Right appreciation of labor and of the works of indus- 
 trial art. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 19 
 
 GROUP SYSTEM. 
 
 The arrangement of the course with a number of .similar prob- 
 lems in each group, enables the teacher to give class instruction 
 planned for in advance of the current lesson. This makes it pos- 
 sible to give better prepared demonstrations, and avoids the need- 
 less repetition so common to other systems. The apt pupil will 
 complete two or more problems of the group while the slow pupil 
 may complete but one before. the next class of work or group is 
 taken up by the class. Of course, any problem not finished when 
 the new group is taken up should be completed by the pupil 
 before he starts a problem in the new group. It is important, 
 however, that the instruction be applied, to some extent, soon 
 after it is given ; and the teacher should see that each pupil not 
 ready to start a new model completes a small exercise before 
 again proceeding with the old model. By the careful use of 
 exercises and selection of problems, the class can be kept close 
 together. 
 
 SUBJECT-MATTER AND RELATED INFORMATION. 
 
 In the outlines of shopwork the study of tools, processes, and 
 principles of construction is clearly indicated. The pupil is con- 
 cerned with this subject-matter at once. He recognizes it as a 
 means to his immedate end of making some model. There is 
 much other useful knowledge closely related to or suggested by 
 the problems undertaken by the pupil. Although not necessary 
 to the immediate success of the work, this related matter is im- 
 portant educationally and can be woven into the course by a 
 proper treatment of the problems and lessons. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL WORK. 
 
 As the amount of work that can be done b,y the pupil dur- 
 ing the regular shop period is very small, the models must, 'as 
 a rule, be small or few in number. It is doubtful if more than 
 two double periods of the regular school day can be justly de- 
 voted to manual training each day : but as the pupils are gen- 
 erally anxious for more time in the shop, the school should pro- 
 vide for the use of the shop after school hours and on a part 
 of Saturday, thus enabling the pupils to undertake larger 
 
20 Bidletin of the University of Texas 
 
 projects. Such shopwork and drawing done after school or any 
 handtool work done at home, if done entirely by the pupil and 
 under the direction of the teacher, should give the pupil credit 
 towards high school graduation. The granting of one or one- 
 half unit of credit towards graduation would, no doubt, encour- 
 age a kind of after school work of great educational and practical 
 value. The design, the working drawing, and the plan of work, 
 should be approved by the teacher if the work is to be presented 
 for credit. 
 
 As a rule, the model or work undertaken, should fit in with 
 the group of work, in the outline, which the pupil is dealing 
 with in the regular shop period, or else should fit in wdth one of 
 the groups just below. In case the project as a whole does not 
 fit in with the group, then any parts of the project that may fit 
 in with the group could be selected as the basis of credit. 
 
 The pupil should be required to keep an accurate record of 
 the time devoted to the model or work, and should report the 
 progress of the work from time to time. An inspection of the 
 work should be provided for, and great care should be exercised 
 in establishing the worth of any piece of work. In doing this, 
 not only the finished project, but the tools used and all condi- 
 tions afi^ecting the pupil's efforts, should be considered. 
 
 WOODWORK. 
 
 (A) Bench Work, (See note at bottom of this page.) 
 
 (1) Laying out wdth rule, pencil and try-square; 
 
 cross-cut sawing: fastening with nails. 
 
 New Tools — Eule, try -square, cross-cut saw, ham- 
 mer. 
 
 Problems — Flower pot bench, dry plate rack, seed 
 germinating box, test exercise. 
 
 (2) Surfacing with plane, gauging, rip sawing. 
 
 New Tools — Smoothing plane or jack plane, mark- 
 ing gauge, rip saw. 
 
 Problems — Flower trellis, cover for poultry drink- 
 ing or feed trough. 
 
 (3) Squaring up stock, sawing to knife lines, chamfer- 
 
 ing with plane and chisel, boring, sand paper- 
 ing. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 21 
 
 New Tools — Knife, back saw, chisel, brace and bit, 
 
 sandpaper. 
 Problems — Hat rack, rule, octagonal paper file, 
 
 table mat, specimens of wood. 
 
 (4) Paring with chisel — chiseling out dado, vertical 
 
 cutting, cutting round corners, planing end of 
 stock with block plane, fastening with screws. 
 
 New Tools — Block plane, countersink, screwdriver. 
 
 Problems — Tool rack, bench hook, magazine rack. 
 
 (5) Sawing and modeling simple curved outlines. 
 New Tools — Coping saw, turning saw, spoke shave, 
 
 file. 
 Problems — Oval table mat, bread board, coat 
 hanger. 
 Note. — Where woodwork is taught in the grammar grades, the 
 high school work should be started with the work outlined under 
 Advanced Bench Work, and should include more of the advanced 
 work. 
 
 (6) Modeling simple curved forms. 
 New Tools — Drawing knife. 
 
 Problems — Hatchet handle, hammer handle, spoke 
 shave or scraper stock, canoe paddle. 
 
 (7) Gouging, line carving, tinted designs. 
 
 New Tools — Outside ground gouges, scrapers, vein- 
 
 ing tools. 
 Problems — Pen tray, desk tray, bread tray, book 
 
 rack. 
 (S) Low relief carving. 
 
 New Tools — Carvers' gouges and chisels, back- 
 
 groiuid tools. 
 Problems — Blotter holder, paper file, ends of book 
 
 rack. 
 
 (9) Rabbeting with rabbet plane, laying out for accu- 
 racy by superposition, half lap joint. 
 New Tools — Rabbet plane, cabinet scraper. 
 Problems — Exercise, picture frame, mirror frame. 
 (B) Advanced Bench Work. 
 
 (1) Box construction with accurately fitted butt, rab- 
 
22 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 bet, and dado joints; fastening with brads and 
 
 glue. 
 New Tools — Nail set, hand screws. 
 Problems — Stationery box, card catalogue case, 
 
 half peck and peck measure, egg tester, knife 
 
 and fork box. 
 
 (2) Mortise and tenon joints — slip mortise and tenon, 
 
 through mortise and tenon, blind mortise and 
 tenon, and keyed mortise and tenon. 
 
 New Tools — Mortise gauge, mortise chisel. 
 
 Problems — Exercises. 
 
 (3) Glued joints — butt, splined, and doweled. 
 New Tools — Plow, winding sticks. 
 Problems — Level stock, T square. 
 
 (4) Miter joints — butt and splined. 
 New tools — jMiter box, frame clamp. 
 Problems — Exercise required. Picture or mirror 
 
 frame, glove box, clock case, tray. 
 
 (5) Dove-tail joints — single halving, through multiple, 
 
 and lap multiple, veneering, inlaying, hinge set- 
 ting. 
 New Tools — Fret saw, veneer press or clamps. 
 Problems — ^Exercises, glove box, jewel box, tea 
 caddie, tea tray. 
 (C) Furniture and Cabinet Construction. 
 
 (1) Review of principles and processes given in (A). 
 Problems — Taboret with glued up top, mortise and 
 
 tenon construction ; combination footstool and 
 shoe polish box, magazine stand. 
 
 (2) Board construction, art metal trimmings. 
 
 New Tools — Power jointer, saw table 
 
 Problems — Music cabinet, cedar chest, settee with 
 hinged top. 
 
 (3) Framed structures, fume and wax finish. 
 New Tools — Band saw. 
 
 Problems — Dining chair, Morris chair, arm rocker. 
 
 (4) Panel structures, drawer and drawer mechanism. 
 Problems — Small cabinet, desk. 
 
Ma)ui(tJ Training in the High School 23 
 
 ( D ) Carpentry. 
 
 (1) Forms for concrete work. (See Concrete Con- 
 
 struction.) 
 Problems — Fence post, pier, foundation wall, feed 
 or drinking trough, stile block, pedestal, flower 
 box, garden seat. 
 
 (2) Elements of frame buildings. 
 
 (a) Framing. 
 
 Problems — Model of corner of house embrac- 
 ing silLs, joists, bridging, corner post, studs 
 and openings ; model of corner embracing 
 standard methods of enclosing and floor- 
 ing; model of hip roof embracing sheath- 
 ing and shingles. 
 
 (b) Inside trim. 
 
 Problems — Model corner of room embracing 
 flooring, base, window, door, and wainscot. 
 
 (E) Stair Construction. 
 
 Problems — ]\Iodel of plain straight stair embracing 
 newel, hand rail and balusters. 
 
24 
 
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Manual Training in the High Sclwol 29 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 BENCH WOODWORK. 
 
 Essentials of Woodwork : Griffiths, Manual Arts Press, Peoria, 
 
 111., $1. 
 Benehwork in Wood : Goss, Ginn & Co., 70 cents. 
 Elementary Woodworking : Foster, Ginn & Co., 60 cents. 
 Elements of Woodwork: C. A. King, American Book Co., 90 
 
 cents. 
 Educational Woodwork for Home and School: Park, Mac^Iil- 
 
 lan Co., $1. 
 Elementary Woodwork: Selden, Rand-McNally & Co., $1. 
 Problems in Farm Woodwork : S. A. Blackburn, Manual Arts 
 
 Press, $1. 
 Manual Training Toys: Moore, Manual Arts Press, Peoria, 111.,$!. 
 Beginning Woodwork; Van Deusen, Manual Arts Press, $1. 
 Correlated Courses in Woodwork and Mechanical Drawing: 
 
 Griffith, Manual Arts Press, $1.50. 
 Projects for Beginning Woodwork : Griffith, "Manual Arts Press, 
 
 75 cents. 
 Woodwork for Schools on Scientific Lines: Bailey and Pollitt, 
 
 Phillip, London, Manual Arts Press, 75 cents. 
 
 FURNITURE AND CABINET MAKING. 
 
 Handwork in Wood: Noyes, Manual Arts Press, $2. 
 
 Design and Construction in Wood : Noyes, Manual Arts Press, 
 
 $1.50. 
 Advanced Projects in Woodworking: Griffith, Manual Arts 
 
 Press, $1. 
 Elements of Construction : King, American Book Co., 70 cents. 
 Inside Finish: King, American Book Co., 80 cents. 
 Problems in Furniture Making : Crawshaw, ]\Ianual Arts Press, 
 
 $1.00. 
 Furniture Design for Schools and Shops : Crawshaw, Manual 
 
 Arts Press, $1. 
 Elementary Cabinet Making : Selden, Rand-]\IcNally & Co., $1. 
 Furniture Design and Drafting : Xyl, Comstoek, New York, $2. 
 Cabinet Making : Eudd, Grand Hapids Furniture Record, $1.50. 
 
30 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 Modern Cabinet Work, Furniture and Fitments, Wells and 
 Hooper, Manual Arts Press, $5. 
 
 CARPENTRY AND ROUGH WOOD WORK. 
 
 Constructive Carpentry : King-, American Book Co., 90 cents. 
 
 Practical Carpentry: Eadford, Radford Arch. Co., Chicago, 
 $2.00. ' 
 
 Carpentry : Townsend, Amer. Cor. School, $1.50. 
 
 Carpentry, Joinery, Steel Square, Building- Superintendence, 
 etc. : Vol. v., International Library of Technology, Interna- 
 tional Textbook Co., $5. 
 
 Problems in Carpentry : Roelil, Webb Pub. Co., St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Details of Building Construction: Radford, Radford Arch. 
 Co., $1. 
 
 GENERAL BOOKS RELATING TO WOODWORK. 
 
 The Lloyd System of Woodwork : Hotfman, Manual Arts Press, 
 
 $1.00. 
 Wood and Forest: Noyes, Manual Arts Press, $3. 
 Timber : Baterden, Manual Arts Press, $2. 
 Handbook on Saws : Disston, Henry Disston & Sons. 
 The Professor and the Saw : Simonds the Saw Makers, Fitch ■ 
 
 burg, Mass. 
 A, B, C of the Steel Square: Hodgson, Frederick Drake & Co.. 
 
 Chicago, 50 cents. 
 Timber: Forest Service Bui. 10, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
 A Primery of Forestry: Pt. 1, Farmers' Bui. 173, U. S. Dept. 
 
 of Agriculture. 
 A Primery of Forestry: Pt. 2, Farmers' Bui. 358, U. S. Dept. 
 
 of Agriculture. 
 
 MAGAZINES. 
 
 American Carpenter and Builder: Monthly, 178 W. Jackson 
 Boulevard, Chicago, $2. 
 
 Furniture Magazine. Quarterly, Grand Rapids Furniture Rec- 
 ord, Grand Rapids, Mich., $1. 
 
 Furniture, Manufacturer and Artisan. Monthly, Grand Rapids, 
 ]\Iich., $1. 
 
Manual Training i)i tJtc High Scliool 31 
 
 Wood Craft. Monthly, Garden Printing Co., Caxton Bnilding, 
 Cleveland, 0., $1. 
 
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 (1) Crushing', sifting and washing material. 
 
 Tools Used — Heavy hammer, shovels, screens, trough. 
 Problem — Selection and preparation of aggregates. 
 
 (2) JMixing and placing concrete. 
 
 New Tools — Measuring boxes, sprinkler, mixing plat- 
 form, tamper, spade. 
 Problems- — Foundation block, fence po.sts, drain tie. 
 
 (3) Finishing with wooden float and trowel. 
 
 New Tools — Straight-edge or templet, float, trowel. 
 Problems — Square or hexagonal tile, section of walk, 
 stile block, chimney cap. 
 
 (4) Casting hollow forms in wooden molds. Reinforcing. 
 
 Problems — Flower boxes, drinking and feed troughs, 
 building blocks. 
 
 (5) Plaster molds for simple straight line and curved forms. 
 
 Problems — Flower boxes, vases. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 CEMENT AND CONCRETE W^ORK. 
 
 Concrete in the Country. 
 
 Concrete Silos. 
 
 Concrete Surface Finish. 
 
 Cement Stucco. 
 
 Concrete Highways, 
 
 Simple Farms for Concrete. 
 
 Facts Every One Should Know About Concrete. 
 
 Manual Training Courses in Cement : Association of American 
 
 Cement Manufacturers' Free Bulletins, Concrete Extension 
 
 Bureau, Dallas, Texas. 
 Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture : Davidson, ]\Iunn & 
 
 Co., $1.50. 
 Concrete from Sand Molds : Houghton, the Norman W. Henley 
 
 Pub. Co., New York, $2. 
 
32 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 Popular Handbook for Cement and Concrete Users: Lewis 
 & Chandler, Henley Pub. Co., $2.50. 
 
 MAGAZINES. 
 
 Concrete and Cement Age. Monthly, 97 Fort Street, West De- 
 troit, Mich., $1. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 
 
 33 
 
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34 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 WOOD TURNING. 
 
 Experiments recently made in several high schools show that 
 the traditional wood turning course, while logically and well 
 planned as to subject-matter, violates some of the prineipes of 
 good teaching. The two principles, that work should proceed 
 from the simple to the complex, and should proceed from the 
 easy to the more difficult, are the principles violated. The ex- 
 periments show that much of the face-plate work is less difficult 
 than any of the spindle work, and the -processes involved are 
 simpler. The following course, therefore, places the simple face- 
 plate work first. This arrangement has the added advantages of 
 permitting some useful models to be made early in the course, 
 and of not requiring the exercises that demand great skill until 
 after the pupil has become familiar with the principle of the 
 turning lathe and with the tools to be used. 
 
 (A) Simple Face-plate Turning. 
 
 (1) Producing cylindrical and plane surfaces, V 
 
 grooves ; use of center screw. 
 New Tools — Large skew chisel, round nose chisel, 
 
 outside calipers. 
 Problems — Exercise, coffee pot or flower pot stand, 
 
 candlestick base. 
 
 (2) Turning low forms having profiles with curved 
 
 outlines ; use of face-plate screws ; polishing 
 
 with boiled oil or with wax. 
 New Tools — Inside calipers, templets. 
 Problems — Exercise, desk trays. 
 
 (B) Spindle Turning. 
 
 (1) Turning plain cylinders — single and in combina- 
 
 tions. 
 
 New Tools — Plain gouge, turner's gouge, cut-off 
 tool. 
 
 Problems — Exercise, towel roller, beam for mark- 
 ing gauge. 
 
 (2) Turning tapers and V grooves. 
 
 Problems — Exercise, molder's gate pins, dibble, 
 mandrels. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 35 
 
 (3) Convex and bead cuts. 
 
 Problems — Exercises. 
 
 (4) Concave cuts. 
 Problems — Exercises. 
 
 (5) Concave and convex cuts with gouge, polishing. 
 Problems — Exercises, chisel handles, candlesticks, 
 
 Indian clubs, drawing forms, gavel heads. 
 
 (C) Advanced Face-plate Work. 
 
 (1) Use of cup chuck. 
 
 Problems — Picture frame, towel ring, paper 
 weight. 
 
 (2) Boring, finishing on mandrel between centers or 
 on pin chuck. 
 
 Problems — Napkin rings, rope pulley. 
 
 (3) Turning boxes and covers. 
 
 Problems — Jewel box, collar box. 
 
 SUGGESTIVE TREATMENT OF PROBLEMS. 
 
 An even grained soft or hard wood may be used for the exer- 
 cises. Some suitable hardwood or built up stock should be used 
 for the other problems. All exercises suggested for spindle 
 turning should be required. 
 
36 
 
 Bulletin of tJie University of Texas 
 
 PROBLEMS. 
 
 (1) and (2) 
 
 (b) 
 
 (1), (2), 
 
 (3) and (4) 
 
 (5) 
 
 (c) 
 (1) and (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 DRAWING AND DESIGN. 
 
 RELATED TOPICS FOR CLASS 
 
 DISCUSSION OR FOB 
 
 HOME WORK. 
 
 Full size working drawings 
 given to work from. 
 
 Note-book sketches of simi- 
 lar modles applying prin- 
 ciples of design to turned 
 forms. 
 
 Working drawings made by 
 pupil from models. 
 
 Collection by class of illus- 
 trations of forms of revo- 
 lution showing good de- 
 sign. 
 
 Original designs and work- Different designs of turning 
 ing drawings made by lathes, 
 pupil from statement of Latnes for special purposes, 
 
 History and development oi 
 
 the turning lathe. 
 How to figure speeds and 
 
 sizes of pulleys. 
 Lacing belts. 
 
 The use of wood turning in 
 pattern making, furniture 
 making, and in mill work. 
 
 reauirements. 
 
 Working drawings given to 
 work from. 
 
 Original designs and work- 
 ing drawings made by 
 pupil. 
 
 Other designs collected by 
 pupil. 
 
 as for turning 
 gun stock, etc. 
 
 handles, 
 
 Different methods of driving 
 
 lathes. 
 Variety lathe. 
 Use of waste lumber. 
 
 Obrervations concerning 
 wood turning in the local 
 industries visited. 
 
 Methods used, kind and 
 
 • quality of work turned out, 
 amount of work done by 
 an experienced man. 
 
 Cost of wood turning. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 37 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 WOOD TURNING. 
 
 Elementary Turning : Selden, Rand-^IcNally & Co., $1. 
 
 Elementary Wood Turning: Ross, Ginn & Co., $1. 
 
 Problems in Wood Turning : Crawshaw, Manual Arts Press, 
 
 80 cents. 
 Laboratory Course in Wood Turning: Golden, American Book 
 
 Company. 
 
 SPIEET METAL WORK. 
 
 (1) Laying out pattern, cutting, punching, bending. 
 
 New Tools — Square, scriber, dividers, punch, snips. 
 Problems — Match safe, box corners. 
 
 (2) Pattern drafting, riveting. 
 
 New Tools — Tinner's stake, rivet set, rivet hammer. 
 Problems — Flue thimble, taper pipe joint with side 
 opening for square pipe. 
 
 (3) Soldering. 
 
 New Tools — Soldering iron, furnace or fire pot. 
 Problem — Cake cutters, dust trays, boxes. 
 
 (4) Turning edges — burs, seams, wired edges. 
 
 New Tools — Mallet, flat stake, round stake. 
 Problems — Funnel, measuring cup, square cake-pan. 
 
 (5) Brazing. 
 
 New Tools — Blow torch, tongs. 
 Problems — Sheet iron ferrule. 
 
 ART METAL WORK ( COPPER AND BRASS). 
 
 (A) Flat Work. 
 
 (1) Laying out, drilling, cutting, and sawing outline. 
 New Tools — Hand drill, snips, jeweler's saw file. 
 Problems — Escutcheons, hinge tails, watch fob. 
 
 (2) Bending, folding. 
 
 New Tools — Mallet, vise, hammer. 
 
 Problem — Pad corners, box corners, hinges. 
 
 (3) Soldering. 
 
 New Tools — Soldering iron, blow pipe. 
 
38 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 Problems — Match safe, toothpick holder, stamp 
 box, picture frame. 
 (4) Riveting. 
 
 New Tools — Rivet set. 
 
 Problem — Lamp shade, sconce, book rack, 
 
 (B) Raised Forms. 
 
 (1) Shallow forms. 
 
 New Tools — Wooden blocks, sand bag, special 
 stakes, raising and planishing hammers. 
 
 Problems — Desk trays, reflector for sconce 
 (A) (4), top of box. 
 
 (2) Deep forms. 
 
 New Tools — Special stakes. 
 Problems — Small bowls. 
 
 (C>) Decorative Treatment of Surface of Models in (A) and 
 
 (B). 
 
 (1) Polishing. 
 
 (a) By hand. 
 
 (b) Cloth or felt buffing wheel. 
 
 (2) Hammering. 
 
 (3) Etching. 
 
 (4) Embossing. 
 
 (5) Coloring. 
 
 (a) With sulphur. 
 
 (b) With ammonia. 
 
 (c) Copper plating on brass. 
 
 (d) Silver solution. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 SHEET METAL AND ART METAL WORK. 
 
 Practical Sheet and Plate Metal Work: Atkins, Macmillan, $2. 
 Sheet Metal Pattern Book: Vol. 10, International Library of 
 
 Technology, International Textbook Co., $5. 
 Metal Work With Inexpensive Equipment for the Grammar 
 
 and High Schools: Arthur P. Payne, Manual Arts Press, 
 
 $L50. • 
 
Manual Training in the High School 39 
 
 Copper Work: Eose, The School Arts Pub. Co., Boston, Mass., 
 $1.50. 
 
 Metal Work and Etching: Popular Mechanics Co., Chicago, 
 111., 50 cents. 
 
 Metal Spinning: Crawshaw, The IManual Arts Press, 50 cents. 
 
 Theory and Practice of Art; Enameling in Metals: Cunning- 
 ham, Manual Arts Press, $2. 
 
 Brazing and Soldering: Hobart, Henley Publishing Co., 25 
 cents. 
 
 PATTERN MAKING. 
 
 The prerequisites to this course are bench woodwork and wood 
 turning. The work in elementary pattern making, therefore, 
 should consist of well chosen exercises planned to illustrate the 
 requirements of patterns, principles of construction, and methods 
 of molding. After these exercises are completed and after some 
 knowledge of molding is gained, patterns for projects to be fin- 
 ished in the machine shop should be required. 
 
 (A) Elementary Pattern Making. 
 
 (1) Draft and shrinkage. 
 
 Problems — Straight line simple ribbed pattern^ 
 slotted block. 
 
 (2) Double shrinkage and finish allowance. 
 Problems — One-piece pattern for cone pulley, face 
 
 plate. 
 
 (3) Simple split pattern with core prints, core box. 
 Problem — Flanged pipe fitting. 
 
 (4) Pattern requiring three-part mold. '' 
 Problem— Double flanged pulley. 
 
 (5) Match board pattern. 
 Problem — Ring, letters. 
 
 (6) Loose piece pattern. 
 
 Problem — Square column with projections. 
 
 (B) Advanced Pattern Making. 
 
 (1) Patterns for castings of small parts of machines 
 
 (machine shop projects). 
 
 (2) Patterns for large or complicated castings for ma- 
 
 chines (machine shop projects). 
 
40 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 MOLDING AND FOUNDRY PRACTICE. 
 
 It is necessary that this work be very closely correlated with 
 the pattern making, as each is dependent upon the other. Molds 
 should be made of all completed patterns soon after the finishing 
 coats are dry, in order to test the patterns. 
 
 (A) Molding. 
 
 (1) Molds in half of two-part flash. 
 Problems — Slotted block, face plate. 
 
 (2) Coping out drag. 
 Problems — Ring, wrench. 
 
 (3) Core making, use of cores. 
 Problems — Flanged pipe fitting. 
 
 (4) Three-part mold. 
 
 Problem — Double flanged pulley. 
 
 (5) Use of match board. 
 
 Problem — Pattern making problem (5). 
 
 (6) Molds of patterns having loose parts. 
 Problems — Pattern making problem (6). 
 
 (7) Making molds by use of sweeps. 
 
 Problems — Large ring of square cross section. 
 
 (8) Molding machine shop projects. 
 
 (B) Foundry Practice. 
 
 (1) Repairing and preparation of furnace and ladles. 
 
 (2) Charging of furnace. 
 
 (3) Drying molds. 
 
 (4) Core making. 
 
 (5) Drawing off metal, pouring. 
 
 (6) Cleaning castings by hand. 
 
 ( 7 ) Use of tumbling barrels. 
 
 (8) Grinding castings. 
 
 In addition to pattern making exercises and foundry practice, 
 there should be discussions, assigned readings, and written re- 
 ports, on such related subjects as iron ore, preparation of ores; 
 smelting — the reduction or blast furnace, fuels, fluxes, blasts, 
 furnace designs ; classification of iron — pig iron, Bessemer iron, 
 basic iron ; refining of pig iron ; steel — crucible steel, open hearth 
 
Manual Training in the High School 41 
 
 steel, Bessemer steel; effect of silicon, siilpliur, phosphorus, cai^- 
 bon, etc., on cast iron ; methods of making malleable and chilled 
 eastings, steel castings, brass castings; machine molding. Com- 
 mercial pattern shops and foundries should be visited, and the 
 observations made should be discussed in class. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 PATTERN MAKING AND FOUNDRY PRACTICE. 
 
 Wood Pattern Making: Puffield, The Manual Arts Press, $1.25. 
 Pattern Making: Turner and Brown, Manual Arts Press, $1. 
 The Art of Pattern Making : Chase, J. Wiley & Sons, $2.50. 
 Pattern Making: Kitchey, Am. Cor. School, $1. 
 Foundry Practice: Tate and Stone, Manual Arts Press, $1.80. 
 Foundry Practice : Palmer, Wiley & Sons, $2. 
 Elementary Foundry Practice : Richards, The Taylor Holden 
 Co., Springfield, Mass. 
 
 MAGAZINES. 
 
 Foundry: Monthly, Penton Pub. Co., Penton Bldg., Cleveland, 
 
 Ohio, $1. 
 American Machinist: Weekly, Hill Pub. Co., 505 Pearl St., New 
 
 York, N. Y., $4. 
 
 OUTLINE OF FORGE WORK. 
 
 (1) Drawing out, squaring with hammxcr. 
 
 New Tools — Forge, anvil, tongs, hammer. Hardy. 
 Problems — Exercises in lead or in iron. 
 
 (2) Drawing out round, swaging. 
 
 New Tools — Swage, sledge hammer. 
 Problems — Exercises. 
 
 (3) Pointing and bending. 
 
 New Tools— Horn of anvil. 
 
 Problem — Exercise, staple, meat hook. 
 
 (4) Twisting and bending, cutting stock. 
 
 New Tools — Blacksmith vise, cold chisel. 
 Problem — Gate hook, poker. 
 
42 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 (5 
 (6 
 
 (7 
 
 (8 
 
 (9 
 (10 
 
 (11 
 (12 
 (13 
 
 (14 
 
 (15 
 
 Fullering, punching. 
 New Tools- — Fuller, punch. 
 
 Problems — Eye bolt, hasp. 
 Drilling, riveting, brazing. 
 
 New Tools — Center punch, drill and drilling machine, 
 rivet set. 
 
 Problems — Exercise, ornamental bracket. 
 Upsetting, forming. 
 
 New Tools — Pleading tool. 
 
 Problem — Square bolt, hexagonal bolt. 
 Splitting. 
 
 New Tools — Hot chisel. 
 
 Problems — Oar lock, ice hatchet, fork. 
 Welding — Lap weld. 
 
 Problems — Exercise, ring, chain. 
 Welding — Cleft weld. 
 
 Problem — Exercise. 
 Case hardening. 
 
 Problems — Bolt l\ead, any small forging. 
 Tool forging. 
 
 Problems — Punch, cold chisel, lathe tools. 
 Hardening and tempering. 
 
 Problems — Metal working tools, woodworking tools, bush- 
 ings, drills. 
 Review of processes in order to increase skill. 
 
 Problems — Forge tongs, carpenter 's pinchers, draw-knife, 
 
 ornamental projects, 
 Eepair of forge shop tools. 
 
 In addition to the necessary class instruction and demcn-'^^- 
 tions dealing with tools, operations, processes, etc., there should 
 be shop tallvs on related subjects. These talks should be supple- 
 mened by assigned reading. Visits to local iron working indus- 
 tries should also be arranged, and the observations made should 
 be discussed in class or should be written in the note-book. The 
 subjects of shop talk should include the manufacture of iron and 
 steel, the use of iron and steel in the industries, commercial 
 methods of producing forgings in large numbers, decorative 
 design applied to wrought iron. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 43 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 FORGING. 
 
 Elementary Forge Shop Practice: Littlefield, Taylor, Holden 
 Co., $1.05. 
 
 Forge Practice: Bacon, Manual Arts Press, $1.40. 
 
 Hand Forging and Wrought-Iron Ornamental Work : Gergerty, 
 Manual Arts Press, $1. 
 
 Farm Blacksmithing : Drew, Webb. Pub. Co. 
 
 Hardening, Tempering, Annealing, and Forging of Steel : Wood- 
 worth, Henley Pub. Co., $2.50. 
 
 MAGAZINES. 
 
 American Blacksmith : Monthly, American Blacksmith Co., New 
 Sidway Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y., $1. 
 
 MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE. 
 
 As it is not practicable to equip the machine shop with indi- 
 vidual equipment of machine tools, the work cannot be arranged 
 in the same way that any of the other shop work is. Proper se- 
 quence from an educational point of view, as to operations and 
 processes, can be follow^ed only to a limited extent. Well planned 
 exercises afford the most efficient means of giving the pupil a 
 working knowledge of the tools, machines, and operations and 
 processes used in general machine shop w^ork. As soon as the 
 pupils understand the operation of all machines and have de- 
 veloped sufficient skill, through the exercises, to do the work 
 with reasonable speed and accuracy, projects should take the 
 place of exercises. Better results can generally be obtained by 
 the use of the group project instead of the class project. This 
 is because the teacher can easily adapt the work to a small group 
 of pupils who have been carefully selected from the class. 
 
 (A) Bench Work. 
 
 (1) Chipping. 
 Filing. 
 Scraping. 
 
44 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 Key seat exercise. 
 Cast iron exercise. 
 
 (2) Fitting. 
 
 (3) Assembling. 
 
 (4) Use of taps and dies. — Exercise. 
 
 (B) Drilling and Boring. 
 
 (1) Laying out work, 
 Drilling within circle, 
 Guiding drill, 
 
 Countersinking and counterboring. 
 
 (2) Special drills, special uses of drill press — Demon- 
 
 stration. 
 
 (3) Methods of clamping work in drill press — -Demon- 
 
 stration. 
 
 > Exercises. 
 
 Exercises. 
 
 (C) Lathe Work. 
 
 (1) Plain cylindrical turning. 
 Taper turning, 
 Eccentric turning. 
 
 (2) Thread cutting. — Exercises. 
 
 (3) Face plate, l 
 
 Angle plate, and chuck work, f-Exercises. 
 Boring. J 
 
 (4) Mandril work. 
 
 (5) Boring bar, use of steady rest, follower rest. 
 
 (6) Running, shrinking, and pressing fit. — Exercise 
 
 may be part of 1 or 3. 
 
 (D) Shaper Work. 
 
 (1) Clamping and chucking work. — Demonstration. 
 
 (2) Plane surfaces at various angles. — Exercise. 
 
 (3) Cutting key ways. — Exercise. 
 
 (4) Special shaper work. — Demonstration. 
 
 (E) Planer Work. 
 
 (1) Clamping and chucking work, -^^ 
 
 ■Di n J ^ ^^- Exercises. 
 
 Plane surtaees and slotting. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 45 
 
 (2) Planing enrved surfaces, 1 
 
 Planing dove-tail ways, I Demonstrations. 
 Special planer work. J 
 
 (F) Machine Grinding. 
 
 (1) Surface grinding, 1 
 Selection of grinding wheels, I Exercises. 
 Wet and dry grinding. ) 
 
 (2) External and internal grinding. — Exercise. 
 
 (3) Tool grinding. 
 
 (G) Milling Machine Work. 
 
 (1) Cutting speeds and feeds. 
 Methods of holding cutters and work, 
 Principal milling operations. 
 
 (2) Indexing, 1 
 
 Special work. | Exercises. 
 
 (3) Spur gear calculations, 1 
 
 Spur gear cutting. | Exercises. 
 
 (4) Bevel gears, 1 
 Spurgeans. | Demonstrations. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE. 
 
 Machine Shop Primer: Colvin and Stanley, McGrall-Hill Co., 
 $1.00. 
 
 American Machinists ' Handbook : Colvin and Stanley, McGraw- 
 Hill Co., $3. 
 
 Machine Shop Practice: Kaup, Wiley & Sons, $1.25, 
 Tool Making: Markham, Am. Cor. School, $1.50. 
 Mechanical Engineering and Machine Shop Practice: McGraw- 
 Hill Co., $4. 
 
 Advanced Machine Work: R. H. Smith, Industrial Education 
 Book Co., Boston, $3.00. 
 
46 Bulletin of tJie University of Texas 
 
 Machine Shop Work: Turner and Perrigo, Am. Cor. School, 
 
 $1.50. 
 Handbook for Apprenticed Machinists: Brown and Sharp, 
 
 Brown & Sharp Co., 50 cents. 
 Formulas in Gearing: Brown & Sharp, $1.50. 
 Practical Treatise on Gearing: Brown & Sharp, $1. 
 Machinery Eef erence Books : Industrial Press, New York City, 
 
 25 cents. 
 No. 32. Screw Thread Cutting. 
 No. 46. Hardening and Tempering. 
 No. 48. Files and Filing. 
 No. 63. Heat Treatment of Steel. 
 No. 91. Operation of the Lathe, Part 1. 
 No. 92. Operation of the Lathe, Part 2. 
 No. 93. Operation of Planer, Shaper and Slotter. 
 No. 94. Operation of Drilling Machines. 
 
 No. 95. Operation of Vertical and Horizontal Boring Machines. 
 No. 96. Operaiton of Milling Machines, Part I. 
 No. 97. Operation of Milling Machines, Part II. 
 No. 98. Operation of Grinding Machines. 
 
 MAGAZINES. 
 
 Machinery: Monthly, Shop. Ed., Industrial Press, 49-55 
 
 Lafayette Street, New York, $1. 
 
 American Machinist: Weekly, Hill Publishing Co., 505 Pearl 
 
 Street, New York, $4. 
 
 BOOKS RELATING TO SHOP WORK. 
 
 Shop Problems in .Mathematics : Breckenridge, Merserean and 
 Moore, Ginn & Co., $1. 
 
 EQUIPMENT. 
 
 Many factors enter into the selection of the hand tools, ma- 
 chines, and furniture for the manual training laboratories. The 
 course of study, the class unit, the available motive power, and 
 the cost, are the important factors. 
 
 Two types of equipment are suggested in the following list, one 
 
Manual Training in the High School 47 
 
 of very fine quality and elaborate enough to meet the most exact- 
 ing demands, the other of medium quality and extensive enough 
 to meet the demands of the small school. The equipments have 
 been planned for class units small enough to make possible a high 
 degree of efficiency. 
 
 The prices given; except those marked "*," are from quota- 
 tions made by the following firms: 
 
 Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
 
 Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 
 Behering & Carts Hardware Co., Houston, Texas. 
 
 Prices marked " * " are given by the manufacturer. All prices 
 are for goods F. 0. B. point of shipment and are correct at the 
 time quoted (1914). Prices in the first column are the lowest, 
 and those in the second are the highest quoted. 
 
 Orders for complete equipments are generally subject to spe- 
 cial discounts, hence it is suggested that schools submit to these 
 firms their lists of equipment for prices before ordering. 
 
 Note. — See purchaser 's finding list, page ( . . ) . 
 
 equip:ment foe courses in group I. 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Woodwork for Class of 12. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL, TOOLS. 
 
 12 try-squares, 71/2 inches, Stanley's No. 20. . .$ 1.60 $ 2.29 
 
 12 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. 1, two fold 1.73 2.00 
 
 12 marking gauges, Stanley's No. 65 2.99 3.00 
 
 12 jack planes, 14 inches, Bailey's No. 5C, or 
 
 Sargent's V. B. M. No. 14 19.80 22.64 
 
 6 tanged firmer chisels, % inch, Buck Bros.' 
 
 No. 30 2.40 2.50 
 
 6 tanged firmer chisels, 1 inch. Buck Bros.' 
 
 No. 30 2.83 3.13 
 
 6 cabinet saws, Disston's No. 80, 14 inches. .L . 3.75 3.88 
 
 6 panel saws, 22 inches, 9 points, Disston's No. 8 6.35 7.15 
 
 12 spoke shaves, Stanley's No. 54 *4.72 4.72 
 
 6 hickory mallets, 4x3 inches 69 .88 
 
 6 bench dusting brushes, Bromwell's No. 502, 
 
 8 inches 1.25 1.25 
 
 12 single work benches. No. 1, with Wilcox 
 
48 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 vise 230S, No. 1, see page 71, estimate $144.00 $144.00 
 
 Or 6 double work benches, same structural de- 
 sign as No. 1, estimated cost 120.00 120.00 
 
 $193.31 $197.64 
 
 GENERAL EQUIPMENT. 
 
 1 steel square, Sargent's No. 500, V. G. R $ 1.20 $ 1.25 
 
 1 steel square, Sargent's No. 3, V. G. R \ *1.00 1.00 
 
 1 adjustable plumb and level, 24 inches, Stan- 
 ley's No. 30, duplex 1.05 1.10 
 
 2 Metal T-bevel, 6 inches, Stanley's No. 18.. .65 .67 
 Or Sargent's No. 66, $1.10. 
 
 1 folding rule, 6 feet, Stanley's zigzag. No. 706 .23 .25 
 
 1 extension dividers, 10 inches, Sargent's No. 51 .52 ' .52 
 
 1 Extension dividers, 6 inches, Sargent's No. 51 .39 .39 
 
 2 socket mortise chisels, i/j. inch, Buck Bros.' 
 
 No. 48 ,. . . 1.35 1.35 
 
 2 smoothing planes, Stanley's Bed Rock, No. 
 
 603 . 3.00 3.00 
 
 Or Sargent's No. 9. 
 
 1 fore plane, 20 inches, Stanley's No. 129. .. . 1.08 1.15 
 
 1 block plane, Stanley 's No. 140 , 92 .94 
 
 2 drawing knives, 6 inches, D. R. Barton's No. 
 
 85 (or P. S. W., $1.10) 1.80 1.80 
 
 1 shingle hatchet, Plum's No. 591 (or Sargent's 
 
 No. 201, *90c) 55 .55 
 
 2 hand saws, 26 inches, 7 points, Disston's 
 
 No. 8 , 2.66 2.69 
 
 1 rip saw, 28 inches, 5 points, Disston's No. 8 1.50 1.53 
 
 1 rip saw, 26 inches, 6 points, Disston 's No. 8 . . 1.33 1.33 
 
 1 compass saw, 12 inches, 12 points, Disston's 
 
 No. 2 28 .28 
 
 2 coping saws, Miller Falls No. 40 43 .50 
 
 1 miter box and saw, New Landon, No. 17 ... . 6.25 6.40 
 
 1 saw set. Monarch, No. 2, medium . .75 .75 
 
 1 saw clamp, Disston's No. 1 63 .75 
 
 1 ratchet brace, 8-inch sweep. Barber's No. 733, 
 
 or Stanley's No. 921 1.35 1.35 
 
 1 ratchet brace, 10-inch sweep. Barber's No. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 49 
 
 732A (or Stanley's No. 921, $1.50) ;. .$ 1.75 $ 1.75 
 
 9 auger bits, 3 each, 14 inch, % inch, I/2 inch, 
 R. Jennings 2.16 2.38 
 
 ■1 anger bits, 2 each, % inch, % inch, R. Jen- 
 nings ,. 1.45 1.52 
 
 2 auger bits, 1 each, % inch, 1 inch, R. Jen- 
 nings 96 1.00 
 
 6 gimlet bits, 2 each, 4/32, 5/32, 6/32, Sar- 
 gent 's double cut .41 .41 
 
 1 Rose counter sink, Sargent's , .10 .17 
 
 1 screwdirver bit, D. R. Barton's or Buck 
 
 Bros. ' 15 .20 
 
 1 expansion bit, Clark's No. 1 (or Sargent's 
 No. 81, $1.00) 60 .75 
 
 1 set nail sets, Goodell's No. 90 84 .84 
 
 2 screwdrivers, 4 inches. Champion (or Sar- 
 gent's No. 66, 50c) 33 .36 
 
 1 screwdriver, 6 inches, Champion, or Sargent's 
 No. 66 25 .25 
 
 1 monkey wrench, 8 inches, S. R. & W. (or Sar- 
 gent's No. 77, 25c) 42 .42 
 
 3 adze-eye claw hammers, Maydole or Stanley 's 
 
 No. 12, 13 ounces 1.14 1.38 
 
 4 India oil stones in iron box, No. 0, medium . . 4.40 4.40 
 4 steel oilers, P. W. Mfg. Co.'s'No. 304, 1/2 
 
 pint 40 .45 
 
 1 pair steel bar adjustable clamps, 3 feet, Cin- 
 cinnati Tool Co. 's Special Perfection *2.80 2.80 
 
 3 pairs, steel spindle. Peerless, hand screws, 10 
 
 inches, Oliver 's No. 913 , *2.16 2.16 
 
 1 Stanley dowling gig. No. 59 1.30 1.35 
 
 1 tool grinder, Pike Peerless Senior, No. 9 (or 
 
 Pike Greyhound, No. 15, $9.00) 5.25 5.50 
 
 1 kerosene glue heater, 1 quart, Oliver iModel 
 S. I. (or electric glue heater, Oliver R. J., 
 $14) *7.00 7.00 
 
 $ 62.79 $ 64.70 
 
50 Bulletin of flie University of Texas 
 
 Com'plete Equipment for Woodwork for Class of 12. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL TOOLS. 
 
 12 try -squares, 8 inches, Disston's No. 15 or 
 
 Stanley's No. 10 $ 3.25 $ 5.50 
 
 12 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. 1, two fold 1.73 2.00 
 
 12 marking gauges, Stanley's No. 77 5.50 5.60 
 
 12 jack planes, 14 inches, Stanley's Bed Rock, 
 
 No. 605, or Sargent's V. B. M., 14 22.80 23.40 
 
 12 tanged firmer chisels, 1/4 inch, bevel back, 
 
 Buck Bros.' No. 30 4.40 4.40 
 
 12 tanged firmer chisels, lA inch, bevel back 
 
 Buck Bros.' No. 30 '4.80 5.00 
 
 12 tanged firmer chisels, 1 inch, bevel back, 
 
 leather tipped handle. Buck Bros.' No. 30. . 5.65 6.25 
 
 12 cabinet saws, Disston's No. 80, 14 inches.. 7.50 7.75 
 12 panel saws, 22 inches, 9 points, Disston's No, 
 
 112 19.00 19.50 
 
 12 sloyd knives, 2% inches. Dexter G. or H. & 
 
 S. Co 2.16 2.40 
 
 12 spoke shaves, Stanley 's No. 54 4.70 4.70 
 
 12 India oil stones, No. 0, in iron boxes 13.20 13.20 
 
 12 maple bench hooks, Orr & Lockett *3.00 3.00 
 
 12 adze-eye claw hammers, 7 ounces, Maydole. 4.25 5.00 
 
 12 Jignumvitae mallets. No. 5, 3x5 inches 2.70 3.50 
 
 12 bench brushes, Bromwell's No. 502, 8 inches 4 50 4.75 
 12 single work benches, No. 2 (see pages 51 and 
 
 72) , estimate 192.00 200.00 
 
 estimate 192.00 200.00 
 
 Or grand Eapids Hand Screw Co.'s bench. 
 
 No. 96, $202. 
 
 $299.14 $313.70 
 
Manual Training in the High Scliool 
 
 51 
 
 Work Bench No. 2. 
 
 Drawing- Table No. 4. 
 
52 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 GENERAL EQUIPMENT. 
 
 2 steel squares, Sargent's No. 500, V. G. R.. .$ 2.40 $2 2.50 
 
 1 steel square, Sargent's No. 3, V. G. R . *1.00 1.00 
 
 1 steel square, Sargent's No. 12, V. G *.85 .85 
 
 1 metallic plumb and level, 21 inches, Stanley 's ' 
 
 No. 37G 1.19 2.27 
 
 3 metal T-bevels, 6 inches, Stanley's No. 18 97 1.00 
 
 Or Sargent's No. 66, $1.65. 
 
 1 panel gauge, 20i/^ inches, Stanley's No. 851/2 -90 .96 
 
 1 folding rule, 6 feet, Stanley's No. 756 21 .26 
 
 3 extension dividers, 6 inches, Starrett's No. 
 
 92 2.90 2.90 
 
 1 extension divider, 9 inches, Starrett's No. 
 
 92 1.15 1.15 
 
 3 socket mortise chisels, 14 inch, Buck Bros.' 
 
 No. 48 2.00 2.00 
 
 3 socket mortise chisels, % inch. Buck Bros.' 
 
 No. 48 2.20 2.25 
 
 3 socket mortise chisels, i/^ inch, Buck Bros.' 
 
 No. 48 2.50 2.50 
 
 4 smoothing planes, Stanley's Bed Rock, No. 
 
 604, or Sargent's No. 9 6.50 6.75 
 
 1 joiner plane, Stanley's Bed Rock, No. 607. . . 2.80 2.85 
 
 2 block planes, Stanley's No. 140 92 .94 
 
 1 double end block plane, Stanley's No. 130 47 .50 
 
 1 low angle block plane, Stanley's No. 65 , .87 .95 
 
 1 plow plane, Stanley's No. 45 5.50 5.85 
 
 2 drawing knives, 6 inches, D. R. Barton's No. 
 
 85 |.... 1.80 1.80 
 
 1 drawing knife, 8 inches, D. R. Barton's No. 
 
 88 1.00 1.25 
 
 1 shingle hatchet, Sargent's No. 201 *.90 .90 
 
 Or Plumb's No. 591, 55c. 
 
 1 cabinet scraper, Sargent's No. 25, 3x5 inches .20 .20 
 
 2 hand saws, 26 inches, 7 points, Disston's 
 
 No. 8 2.66 2.69 
 
 2 rip saws, 26 inches, 6 points, Disston 's No. 8D 2.75 3.04 
 
 1 rip saw, 28 inches, 5 points, Disston's No. 8D 1.52 1.59 
 
Manual Training in the High School 53 
 
 2 nests of saws, Disston's No. 3 $ 1.50 $ 1.50 
 
 4 coping saws, Disston's No. 10 2.20 2.20 
 
 2 turning saws, 18 inches, Miller Falls 1.63 1.83 
 
 1 miter box and saw, Stanley's No. 240 7.65 7.90 
 
 1 saw set, Monarch, No. 2, medium 75 .75 
 
 1 saw clamp with filing guide, Disston's No. 4. 1.05 1.05 
 
 2 ratchet braces, 8-inch sweep. Barber's No. 
 
 733A 3.00 3.00 
 
 Or Stanley's No. 921, $2.66. 
 
 1 ratchet brace, 10-inch sweep. Barber's No. 732 1.60 1.60 
 Or Stanley's No. 921, $1.50. 
 
 1 set auger bits, Nos. 4 to 16, R. Jenning.s. . . . 4.50 5.50 
 8 gimlet bits, 2 each, 3/32, 4/32, 5/32, 6/32, 
 
 Sargent's double cut 54 ..54 
 
 2 Rose counter sinks, Sargent's 20 .34 
 
 1 screwdriver bit, D. R. Barton's or Buck Bros.' .15 .20 
 
 1 expansion bit, Sargent's No. 81 *1.00 1.00 
 
 1 hollow auger, Cincinnati Tool Co., No. 3 . .". . 4.00 4.00 
 
 1 34-inch plug cutter, Cincinnati Tool Co. 's Im- 
 proved 26 .26 
 
 2 sets nail sets, Goodell's No. 900. .; 1.68 1.70 
 
 4 copperized steel oilers, Yo. pint .40 .45 
 
 3 adze-eye claw hammers, 13 ounces, Maydole . . 1.38 1.38 
 2 pairs steel bar adjustable clamps, 2V2 feet, 
 
 Cincinnati Tool Co. 's Special Perfection. .. . *5.25 5.25 
 
 1 pair steel bar adjustable clamps, 5 feet, Cin- 
 cinnati Tool Co.'s Special Perfection *3.50 3.50 
 
 2 screwdrivers, 4 inches, Champion or Stanley's 
 
 No. 20 .33 .36 
 
 1 screwdriver, 6 inches. Champion or Stanley's 
 
 No. 20 25 .25 
 
 1 screwdriver, 12 inches, Champion • .46 .50_ 
 
 1 monkey wrench, 8 inches, P. S. & W 42 .42 
 
 Or Sargent's No. 77, 30c. 
 6 pairs steel spindle hand screws, 10 inches, Oli- 
 
 ver's "Peerless" *4.32 4.32 
 
 1 tool grinder, Pike Peerless Senior, No. 9 5.25 5.25 
 
 Or Pike Greyhound, No. 15, $9.00. 
 
 1 Stanley dwoling gig. No. 59 1.30 1.35 
 
 1 electric glue heater, Oliver's R. J *14.00 14.00 
 
 $114.76 $119.25 
 
54 Bulletin of tJie University of Texas 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Concrete Work, for Class of 6. 
 
 4 laborers' shovels, Ames' No. 3 $ 3.80 $ 4.00 
 
 1 sand screen, i/4-incli or %-incli mesh, 2x5^/2 
 
 feet. Hill & Griffith's No. 249 3.00 3.00 
 
 1 mixing platform, 10x10 feet, estimate...... 3.00 4.00 
 
 3 measuring boxes, 1, 14, and i/4 cubic feet 
 
 capacity, respectively • • .50 .50 
 
 1 steel concrete wheelbarrow 3.00 4.50 
 
 1 water barrel .75 1.25 
 
 2 galvanized iron 8-quart buckets ; .32 .40 
 
 2 smooth-face floats, S. & H., No. 52 1.80 2.00 
 
 1 straight edge hoe ' .50 .65 
 
 $ 16.67 $ 20.40 
 Complete Equipment for Concrete Worh, for Class of 6. 
 
 4 laborers' shovels, Ames' No. 3 $ 3.80 $ 4.00 
 
 1 sand screen, y_^-mQ\-i or %-incli mesh, 2x5% 
 
 feet, Hill & Griffith's No. 249 3.00 3.00 
 
 1 foundry riddle, %-inch mesh, 18 inches diam- 
 eter, Hill & Griffith's No. 55 40 .45 
 
 1 foundry riddle, %-inch mesh, 18 inches diam- 
 eter, Hill & Griffith 's No. 55 40 .45 
 
 1 foundry riddle, 3/16-inch mesh, 16 inches 
 
 diameter. Hill & Griffiths, No. 54. . . .^ 40 .45 
 
 3 measuring boxes, 1, % and I/4 cubic feet ca- 
 pacity, respectively .50 .50 
 
 1 measuring box for mixture, 1 to 1% to' 3, 
 
 • 11/2 feet by 2 feet by 10 inches, estimate. ... .50 .60 
 
 1 measuring box for mixture, 1 to 2 to 4, 2x2 
 
 feet 4 inches by 10 inches , .60 .70 
 
 1 mixing platform, 10x10 feet, estimate 3.00 4.00 
 
 2 steel concrete wheelbarrows 6.00 9.00 
 
 1 water barrel .75 - 1.25 
 
 2 galvanized iron 12-quart buckets .32 .40 
 
 1 galvanized iron sprinkling can, 6 quarts .35 .45 
 
Manual Training in the High School 55 
 
 4 smooth-face floats, S. & H., No. 52 $ 3.60 $ 4.00 
 
 2 wood floats 
 
 A few curing tubs (old barrels sawed in two). 
 2 molder's finishing trowels, l%x6 inches, Hill 
 
 & Griflith's No. 802 1.20 1.40 
 
 1 joiner, Stearns ' No. 109 35 .40 
 
 1 straight edge hoe -50 .65 
 
 $ 25.67 $ 31.70 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Forging and Sheet Metal Worh 
 for Class of 6. 
 
 3 geared blower forges, Buffalo, No. 651 $ 52.50 $ 54.00 
 
 Or Champion, No. 73, $19 each. 
 
 3 100-pound anvils, Hay-Budden or Trenton.. 33.00 36.00 
 
 3 forge shovels .20 .30 
 
 3 forge pokers 20 .25 
 
 3 forge ladles, 4 inches 75 1.20 
 
 3 hardies, 1% inches \ 60 .65 
 
 3 hot chisels, 1^/4 inches 95 1.05 
 
 3 ball pein hammers, II/4 or l^/o pounds, May- 
 dole ' 1.06 1.20 
 
 3 steel squares, Nicholl's No. 10 1.33 1.45 
 
 3 pairs plain calipers, 6 inches, Sargent's. .40 .50 
 
 3 %-ineh flat javf tongs, 16 inches .60 .75 
 
 3 %-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches ;...;... .75 .90 
 
 3 %-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches .90 1.00 
 
 3 i/o-inch bolt tongs, 16 inches 1.05 1.10 
 
 1 cross pein sledge hammer, 5 pounds .40 .45 
 
 2 flatters, 2 inches 95 1.05 
 
 2 set hammers, I14 inches .56 .60 
 
 2 handled cold chisels, II/4 inches .70 .75 
 
 2 handled punches, 1 each, 3^ inch, 1,4 inch. ... .40 .50 
 1 set each, top and bottom swages, % inch, % 
 
 inch, % inch 2.20 2.40 
 
 1 set each, top and bottom fullers, % inch, i/o 
 
 inch, 34 inch 2.20 2.40 
 
 1 post drill. Champion, No. 96 11.50 12.00 
 
56 Biilletiii of tlie University of Texas 
 
 1 40-p,ound blacksmith vise, Si/o-inch jaws....$ 4.50 $ 5.00 
 6 twist drills, % inch, straight shank; 2 each, 
 
 y^ inch, 3/^ inch, 1/2 inch 1.60 1.75 
 
 2 center punches 20 .25 
 
 3 tinner's hand snips, P. S. & W., No. 61/2 7.50 8.00 
 
 1 tinner's stake, P. S. & W., No. 4 8.50 9.00 
 
 2 riveting hammers, P. S. & W., No. 5 70 .80 
 
 2 rivet sets and headers. No. 4, P. S. & W., 46 .50 .50 
 
 3 soldering sets, P. S. & W., No. 11 1.05 1.05 
 
 1 tinner's fire pot, cast iron, P. S. & W., No. 1 3.25 3.50 
 
 1 heavy work bench, estimate 5.00 10.00 
 
 $146.05 $160.30 
 
 Complete Equipment for Forging and Sheet Metal WorM, 
 for Class of 6. 
 
 5 geared blower forges, Buffalo, No. 651 $ 87.50 $ 90.00 
 
 Or Champion, No. 405, $27.50 each. 
 
 4 100-pounds anvils, Hay-Budden or Trenton. 44.00 48.00 
 
 1 150-pound anvil, Hay-Budden or Trenton. .. 16.50 18.00 
 
 5 forge shovels 35 .50 
 
 5 forge pokers 35 .42 
 
 5 forge ladles 1.25 2.00 
 
 5 hardies, li/o inches 1.05 1.12 
 
 5 hot chisels, 1^/4 inches 1.54 1.65 
 
 5 ball pein hammers, 1^4 or 11/2 pounds. May- 
 dole 1.73 2.00 
 
 5 steel squares, Nichols' No. 10 2.20 2.40 
 
 5 pairs plain calipers, 6 inches, Sargent's 67 .83 
 
 5 tight grip tongs, No. 1 *3.75 3.75 
 
 5 1/4 -inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches 1.00 1.25 
 
 5 %-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches 1.25 1.50 
 
 5 1/2-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches 1.25 1.50 
 
 5 %-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches 1.50 1.65 
 
 3 3/g.inch bolt tongs , 1.75 1.85 
 
 5 %-inch bolt tongs 1.75 1.85 
 
 5 leather aprons, split, A grade, 26x36 inches. . 6.25 6.25 
 
 2 cross pein sledge hammers, 5 pounds .80 .90 
 
 3 flatters, 2 inches 1.47 1.65 
 
Manual Training in the High School 57 
 
 3 set hammers, li/l inches $ .84 $ .90 
 
 3 handled cold chisels, li/4 inches 90 .90 
 
 6 handled punches, 2 each, 14 inch, % inch, 
 
 1/2 inch 2.40 3.00 
 
 2 sets each, top and bottom swages, % inch, I/2 
 
 inch, 34 inch 4.40 4.80 
 
 2 sets each, top and bottom fnllers, % inch,, i/^ 
 
 inch, 34 inch 4.40 4.80 
 
 2 heading tools, 1/2 inch 70 .80 
 
 1 post drill. Champion, No. 41/2 16.00 16.50 
 
 1 40-pound blacksmith vise, 31/2-inch jaws 4.50 5.00 
 
 2 centers punches .20 .25 
 
 8 straight shank twist drills, 2 each of No. 13, 
 
 19/64 inch, 13/32 inch, 1/2 inch. 1.34 1.40 
 
 4 straight shank twist drills, 2 each of 3/16 
 
 inch, 1/4 inch .32 .35 
 
 1 tap wrench and set of taps and dies for ^4 
 
 inch, % inch, % inch, % inch, net size, 0. K., 
 
 5T 7.00 7.00 
 
 1 hack saw. Miller Falls Co. 's No. 6 80 .80 
 
 4 tinner's hand snips, P. S. & W., No. 61/2 10.00 10.65 
 
 1 hawk's bill shears, P. S. & W., No. 15 3.00 3.00 
 
 1 tinner's stake, P. S. & W., Beakhorn, No. 4. . 8.50 9.00 
 
 1 candle mold stake, P. S. & W 2.25 2.25 
 
 1 square stake (S. & C), P. S. & W 2.65 2.65 
 
 3 riveting hammers, P. S. & W., No. 5 1.05 1.20 
 
 2 set hammers, P. S. & W., No. 4 , ^ .50 .50 
 
 1 set hollow punches, one each, y^ inch, % 
 
 inch, 1 inch 1.60 1.60 
 
 2 rivet sets and headers. No. 4, P. S. & W., 
 
 No. 46 50 .50 
 
 6 soldering sets, P. S. & W., No. 11 2.10 2.10 
 
 2 tiner's fire pots, cast iron, P. S. & W,. No. 1 6.50 7.00 
 
 1 heavy work bench, 2 feet wide, 12 feet long 5.00 15.00 
 
 $265.36 $291.02 
 
58 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Mechanical Drawing, for Class of 12. 
 
 12 drawing- board frames, one for each work 
 
 bench, estimate $ 1.80 $ 3.00 
 
 12 drawing boards, 3^4x16x24 inches > 8.40 10.80 
 
 12 pear wood T squares, 24 inches, K. & E., 
 
 No. 2300 *2.52 2.52 
 
 12 sets drawing instruments, Frederick Post 
 
 Co.'s No. 1084 *34.80 34.80 
 
 Or Keuffel & Esser Co.'s Excelsior, No. 
 9526F, at $2.65 each. 
 12 transparent triangles, 45° 7", K. & E., Xylo- 
 nite, No. 8802, or Frederick Post Co.'s No. 
 
 1748 1 *2.48 2.48 
 
 12 transparent triangles, 30x60° 9", K. & E., 
 
 Xylonite, No. 8803, or Frederick Post Co.'s 
 
 No. 1747B *2.63 2.63 
 
 12 architect's triangular boxwood scales. No. 
 
 8881, 12 inches *3.50 3.50 
 
 1 teacher's drawing table, Keutfel & Esser Co.'s 
 
 No. 2599C *11.90 11.90 
 
 $ 68.03 $ 71.63 
 Complete Equipment for Mechanical Drawing, for Class of 12. 
 
 12 drawing tables. No. 4, page 51, estimate. .$114.00 $114.00 
 
 Or Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co. 's No. 206. 
 
 D. T., $15.54 each. 
 12 pear wood T squares, K. & E., No. 2310. . . . 6.48 6.48 
 
 12 sets drawing instruments, Keuffel & Esser 
 
 Co. 'a Challenger, No. 9726F, with No. 802 
 
 and No. 804 pens . .; *52.80 52.80 
 
 Or Frederick Post Co. 's No. 1084, $2.90 each. 
 12 transparent triangles, 45° T\ K. & E., Xylo- 
 nite, or Frederick Post Co.'s No. 1748B. . . . *3.12 3.12 
 12 transparent triangles, 30x60° 9", K. & E., 
 
 Xylonite, or Frederick Post Co.'s No. 1747B *3.12 3.12 
 
 12 architect's triangular boxwood scales, 12 
 
Manual Training in the High School 59 
 
 inches, Avhite edges, K. & E., 1621W $*14.40 $ 14.40 
 
 4 transparent cnrves, K. & E., Xylonite, 1 each, 
 
 2, 13, 24, 27 *1.08 1.08 
 
 1 teacher's drawino- table No. 3, page 60 20.00 20.00 
 
 $245.00 $245.00 
 
60 
 
 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 Drawine Table No. 3. 
 
 Workbench No. 1. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 61 
 
 Total Cost of Equipment. 
 
 The combined cost of the equipment listed and recommended 
 for woodwork, concrete work, forging, sheet metal work, and 
 mechanical drawing, will be from $486.85 to $514.67 for the 
 minimum equipment, and from $1,000.67 to $949.93 for the maxi- 
 mum. 
 
 When power is available, either a band-saw or a saw-table 
 should be included in the general equipment. Either of these 
 machines will enable the teacher and pupils to accomplish much 
 more in the time set aside for the shopwork, for without this 
 means of getting out stock too much time must be devoted to 
 the rougher work. The following machines are recommended: 
 Oliver Variety saw table, No. 32A, $120 ; Oliver band saw. No. 
 17, 30 inch, $120; Fay and Egan band saw, No. 155, $110, and 
 No. 330 C Variety saw, $110. For lower priced tools the fol- 
 lowing are suggested : Crescent saw table. No. 2, $93.75 ; Cres- 
 cent band saw, 32 inch, $78.75. 
 
 The power required to drive either of the saw tables or either 
 band saw will not exceed three horsepower where no line shaft- 
 ing is used. The line shafting pulleys and belting will vary with 
 the kind and location of the motor, but the cost will rarely ex- 
 ceed $25. 
 
 Any of the following motors and gasoline engines will be 
 found satisfactory: Westinghouse or General Electric Co. 's 
 alternating current induction three phase motors ; Wagoner Elec- 
 tric Co's or Century Co.'s alternating current induction single 
 phase motors ; Westinghouse or General Electric Co. 's direct cur- 
 rent shount wound 110 or 550 volt motors ; Stover Engine Work 's 
 horizontal gasoline engines. 
 
 The following prices of motors and engines will serve as guides 
 in completing the estimate for the complete equipment : 
 
 Alternating Induction ]\Iotors, Complete. 
 
 H.P. Volts. Cycle. Phase. Speed. Price. 
 
 2 110 60 3 1700 to 1800 $55.00 
 
 3 110 60 3 1200 71.00 
 
 3 110 60 3 1700 to 1800 62.00 
 
H.P. 
 
 Volts 
 
 Cycle. 
 
 2 
 
 110 or 220 
 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 110 or 220 
 
 60 
 
 5 
 
 110 or 220 
 
 60 
 
 5 
 
 110 or 220 
 
 60 
 
 5 
 
 110 or 220 
 
 60 
 
 62 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 H.P. Volts. Cycle. Phase, Speed. Price. 
 
 3 110 60 3 1200 $82.00 
 
 5 110 60 3 1700 to 1800 72.00 
 
 Alternating Induction Single Phase Motors. 
 
 Speed. Price. 
 
 1750 $ 90.00 
 
 1750 , 110.00 
 
 1750 136.00 
 
 1165 - 171.00 
 
 870 208.00 
 
 Direct Current Shunt Wound Motors, Complete with Slide Rails, 
 Rheostat and Pulley. 
 
 Speed. Price. 
 
 1200 $ 92.00 
 
 1700 69.00 
 
 1350 98.00 
 
 2000 73.00 
 
 1150 113.00 
 
 1650 95.00 
 
 1800 98.00 
 
 1200 120.00 
 
 1800 113.00 
 
 1100 140.00 
 
 1800 -. 125.00 
 
 1200 150.00 
 
 2000 121.00 
 
 1350 145.00 
 
 Prices of Gasoline Engine.s- — Stover Horizontal Engines, 4-Cycle, 
 with Water Tank and Muffler. 
 
 4 H. P $140.00 
 
 6 H. P 250.00 
 
 8 H. P 300.00 
 
 H.P. 
 
 Volts, 
 
 2 
 
 110 
 
 2 
 
 110 
 
 3 
 
 550 
 
 2 
 
 550 
 
 3 
 
 110 
 
 3 
 
 110 
 
 3 
 
 550 
 
 3 
 
 550 
 
 5 
 
 110 
 
 5 
 
 110 
 
 5 
 
 550 
 
 5 
 
 550 
 
 5 
 
 550 
 
 5 
 
 550 
 
Manual Training in the High School 63 
 EQUIPMENT FOR COURSES IN GROUP II. 
 
 The specifications of tools when not given may be found in the 
 list of equipment for Group I. 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Bench Woodtvork — Individual Tools 
 
 for Class of 16. 
 
 16 try-squares, No. 20 $ 2.15 $ 3.05 
 
 16 two-foot rules, No. 1 2.30 2.66 
 
 16 marking gauges, No. 77 3.98 4.00 
 
 16 Jackplanes, No. 5C, or V. B. M., U 26.40 30.19 
 
 16 tanged firmer chisels, ^,4 inch, No. 30. 5.85 5.85 
 
 16 tanged firmer chisels, % inch, No. 30 6.40 6.67 
 
 ]6 tanged firmer chisels, 1 inch, No. 30 7.53 8.33 
 
 16 cabinet saws, Disston's No. 80, 14 inches.. 10.00 10.35 
 
 16 Maple bench hooks 4.00 4.00 
 
 16 bench dusting brushes, No. 502, 8 inches. . . 3.34 3.34 
 16 single work benches, No. 1, with Wilcox 
 
 rapid acting vise, 230S, No. 1, and Cincinnati 
 
 Tool Co.'s bench stop 192.00 192.00 
 
 $263.95 $270.42 
 General Equipment. 
 
 General equipment listed for Group I $ 62.79 $ 64.70 
 
 6 spoke shaves. No. 54 2.35 2.35 
 
 4 metal T bevels, No. 18 1.29 1.33 
 
 3 extension dividers, Sterretts' No. 92 2.40 2.40 
 
 1 hand saw, 26 inches, 7 points, No. 8 1.33 1.35 
 
 2 coping saws. No. 40 1.10 1.10 
 
 1 ratchet brace, 8-inch swcej:), Barber's No. 
 
 733 1.35 1.35 
 
 3 each of augur bits, i/j. inch, % inch, Vo inch. . 2.16 3.'38 
 8 adze-eye, bell-face claw hammers, Stanley or 
 
 Maydole, 10 ounces 3.20 3.60 
 
 2 pairs steel bar clamps, 3 feet 5.60 5.60 
 
 4 pairs steel spindle hand screws, 10 inches. . 2.88 2.88 
 
 $ 86.45 $ 90.04 
 
64 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 Complete Equipment for Bench Woodivork, for Class of IG. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL TOOLS. 
 
 16 each of tools listed in individual equipment 
 
 for class of 12, Group I $404.85 $424.00 
 
 16 block planes, Stanley's 914, or Sargent's 
 
 V. B. M., 5306 11.20 12 00 
 
 16 Champion screwdrivers, 6 inches 4.00 4.00 
 
 16 metal T bevels. No. 18 ' 4.00 4.00 
 
 $424.05 $444.60 
 General Equipment. 
 
 General equipment listed for Group I. ..... . .$112.41 $116.99 
 
 3 extension dividers, 6 inches 1.17 1.17 
 
 3 socket mortise chisels, % inch, No. 48 2.25 2.25 
 
 3 socket mortise chisels, % inch, No. 48 2.50 2.50 
 
 1 jointer plane, No. 607 2.80 2.85 
 
 5 cabinet scrapers, 3x5 inches 1.00 1.00 
 
 4 hand saws, 26 inch, 7 point, Disston's No. 8. . 5.32 5.38 
 
 2 rip saws, 26 inch, 6 points, Disston's No. 8D 2.75 3.04 
 4 each i/^-inch, %-inch, 1-inch socket firmer 
 
 gouges. Buck Bros 7.00 7.80 
 
 2 ratchet braces, 8-inch sweep, Barber's No, 
 
 733A 3.00 3.00 
 
 1 set auger bits, Nos. 4 to 16 by l/16th 4.50 5.50 
 
 2 screwdriver bits 30 .40 
 
 4 pairs steel bar clamps, 21/2 feet 9.80 9.80 
 
 4 pairs steel spindle hand screws, 10 inches, Oli- 
 ver's Peerless *2.88 2.88 
 
 8 carving sets, S. J. Addis' No. 13 *21.60 21.60 
 
 1 wood trimmer, Oliver's lA *35.00 35.00 
 
 1 hand jointer, 6 inches round head, Oliver's 
 
 144 B, with guard 85.00 85.00 
 
 1 wall tool case, estimated 40.00 40.00 
 
 $339.28 $347J6 
 
Manual Training in tlie High School 65 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Wood Turning, for Class of 8, 
 
 8 Well's manual training lathes, 12 inches by 4 
 
 feet, on long legs and Avith Idler under 
 
 drive *$460.80 $460.80 
 
 1 motor, 5 H. P., direct current 113.00 150.00 
 
 Or 5 H. P. induction motor, $72. 
 8 sets wood turner's tools, consisting of 1 each, 
 
 1-inch straight gouge, %-ineh turner's gouge 
 
 1-inch turner's gouge, 1-inch turner's skew 
 
 chisel, i/2-iiich turner's skew chisel, %-inch 
 
 round nosed chisel, %-inch cutting off chisel. 
 
 Buck Bros.' or D. R. Barton's 29.00 32.00 
 
 8 steel oilers, P. W. Mfg. Co. 's No. 304, 1/2 pint .80 .90 
 
 8 pairs 6-inch outside calipers, Starrett's No. 
 
 26 3.20 4.00 
 
 8 pairs 6-inch inside calipers, Starrett's No. 
 
 27 3.20 4.00 
 
 8 hickory mallets, 3x5 inches .92 1.17 
 
 8 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. 1 1.16 1.34 
 
 8 bench dusting brushes, Bromwell's No. 502, 
 
 8 inches 1.67 1.67 
 
 $611.05 $655.88 
 Complete Equipment for Wood Turning. 
 
 8 motor drive turning lathes with A. C. motors, 
 
 12-inch swing, 36 inches between centers, F. 
 
 E. Wells & Son Co. 's *$891.20 $891.20 
 
 Or F. E. Reed Co's New Model, $140 each, 
 
 or Oliver Co. 's No. 55, $138 each. 
 8 sets turner 's tools, consiting of 1 each, 1-ineh 
 
 straight gouge, 114-inch skew chisel, 1-inch 
 
 skew chisel, %-inch skew "chisel, 14-inch skew 
 
 chisel, 11/4-inch turner's gouge, 1-inch tur- 
 ner's gouge, %-inch Turner's gouge, %-inch 
 
 cutting off chisel, %-inch round nosed chisel 
 
 Buck Bros, 's or D. R. Barton Co. 's 45.00 50.00 
 
66 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 8 pairs 6-mch outside calipers, Starrett's No. 26 3.20 4.00 
 
 8 pairs 6-inch inside calipers, Starrett's No. 27 3.20 4.00 
 
 8 hickory mallets, 3x5 inches. .92 1.17 
 
 8 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. 1 1.16 1.34 
 
 8 bench dusting brushes, Bromwell's No. 502, 
 
 8 inches 1.67 1.67 
 
 8 steel oilers, P. W. Mfg. Co.'s No. 304, i/o pint .80 .90 
 
 $946.65 $954.28 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Sheet Metkil, Forging, and Machine 
 Shopwork for Class of 12. 
 
 Equipment listed for "Sheet Metal and Forg- 
 ing, Group I" $265.36 $291.02 
 
 6 sets, individual tools, Starrett's No. 900 or 
 
 No. 901 27.00 27.90 
 
 1 swivel vise, 4 or 4i/2-inch jaws, Athol Ma- 
 chine Co.'s No. 710, or Reed Mfg. Co.'s No. 
 
 2041/2 7.50 8.00 
 
 2 stationary base vises, 3i/o-inch jaw, Athol 
 
 Machine Co.'s No. 711 10.68 10.68 
 
 Or Reed Mfg. Co.'s No. 103i/o, $4.50 each. 
 
 3 ball pein hammers, li/4 pounds, Maydole or 
 
 Stanley 1.06 1.20 
 
 1 Starrett's No. 202 micrometer 4.13 4.50 
 
 1 Starrett's No. 4, screw pitch gauge .94 1.00 
 
 1 Starrett's No. 155, screw pitch gauge 1.13 1.25 
 
 1 Starrett's No. 52, surface gauge 1.50 1.75 
 
 1 Starrett's No. 106, speed indicator 1.13 1.25 
 
 Material for work bench to me made by pupils 10.00 15.00 
 1 engine lathe, 12 inches by 5 feet, with com- 
 pound rest and spindle, with Morse taper, 
 
 Reed Prentice Co. 's *290.00 290.00 
 
 Or Champion Co.'s. 
 1 drill press, Rockford, 14 inches, power feed, 
 
 Fitted with No. 2 Morse taper sleeve 57.00 57.00 
 
 1 crank shaper, 16 inches, Stockbridge, single 
 
Manual Training in tlie High School 67 
 
 geared *325.00 325.00 
 
 Or Roekford, 14 inches. 
 
 1 Detroit, No. 3, emery grinder 37.25 38.25 
 
 1 power hack saw, Miller Falls, No. 89 18.44 19.50 
 
 1 breast drill and chain chuck, Miller Falls, 
 
 .No. 25 2.60 3.00 
 
 1 5-H. P. A. C. motor, 3 phase or single phase *72.00 136.00 
 
 Pulleys, belting, etc 50.00 75.00 
 
 1 Westcott's 10%-inch independent lathe chuck, 
 
 with four jaws, with face plate casting 14.80 14.80 
 
 1 Westcott's 8-inch geared combination lathe 
 
 chuck, three jaws, with face plate casting. . . 16.10 16.10 
 1 Little Giant drill chuch, No. 1, fitted to lathe 
 
 spindle 6.65 6.65 
 
 1 set of Armstrong lathe tools, consisting of 1 
 
 each, straight shank No. IS, boring tool, No. 
 
 9. with bushing and i/o-inch bar drill holder 
 
 No. 2. Cut-off, No. 31K. Right hand side 
 
 tool. No. 71R 8.60 8.60 
 
 1 Armstrong planer tool, No. 401 *2.45 2.45 
 
 In addition to the above equipment, a large number of small 
 special tools will be needed, but these should be selected by the 
 
 teacher with special reference to the exercises and projects 
 planned. These small tools will cost from $25 to $50, making 
 the total for the complete equipment from $1256.32 to $1405.50. 
 
 Minimum Equipment for Meclianicnl Drawing for Class of 16. 
 
 16 drawing board frames $ 2.40 $ 4.00 
 
 16 drawing boards 11.20 14.40 
 
 1 teacher's drawing- table 11.90 11.90 
 
 $ 25.50 $ 30.30 
 
 Complete Equipment for Mechanical Dratving for Class of 16. 
 
 16 drawing tables. No. 4 $192.00 $192.00 
 
 48 drawing boards 33.60 43.20 
 
68 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 1 teacher's drawing table 20.00 20.00 
 
 1 cabient for material and for students' draw- 
 inos 15.00 35.00 
 
 $260.60 $282.20 
 Pupils should furnish their own drawing instruments. 
 
 The Total Cost of Equipment. 
 
 The combined cost of the equipment recommended for wood- 
 work, turning, sheet metal, forging, machine shopwork, and me- 
 chanical drawing for schools in Group II will be from $2422.23 
 to $2451.13 for the minimum and from $3186.90 to $3433.75 for 
 the maximum. To the above should be added the cost of the fol- 
 lowing, machines: Swing saw, variety saw bench, band saw 
 24-inch planer, 8-inch jointer. 
 
 EQUIPMENT FOR THE I\IODERN MANUAL TRAINING 
 CITY HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
 The selection of a complete equipment for the large city high 
 school and the perfecting of plans for the proper installment of 
 this equipment constitute a complicated engineering problem. 
 This problem can be successfully solved only by an expert who is 
 familiar with every factor that might affect the manual training 
 department. The plan of the building, details of construction of 
 the building, general organization of the school, course of study, 
 and the size and schedule of proposed classes must be considered 
 minutely. 
 
 As almost all of the large city high schools have fairly good 
 equipment for shopwork and mechanical drawing, or have com- 
 petent supervisors who can plan all changes and additions 
 needed, no special list of equipment for these schools is given in 
 this bulletin. The list of equipment given for "Group II" 
 should be sufficient to guide any school just starting a manual 
 training department. However, the University, through its visi- 
 tor of schools, is ready at all times to assist any school dealing 
 with this problem. 
 
 Note. — For purchasers finding list see page 74. 
 
Manual Training in tlie High School 69 
 
 REQUIRMENTS OF ROOI\IS— LOCATION AND PLAN. 
 
 The efficiency of the manual training department of any 
 school depends to a great extent upon the location of the labora- 
 tories in relation to other departments. If the shop is located 
 so as to cause the noise incident to hand-tool and machine opera- 
 tions to disturb classes engaged in recitations, trouble is sure to 
 arise, and some of the operations will have to be postponed until 
 after school. 
 
 The shape, size and character of the room are very important 
 factors in the success or failure of the work. Poor arrangement 
 of equipment, poor light, poor ventilation, and lack of working 
 space for each pupil are the causes of the bad results found in 
 many schools. 
 
 Where rooms in an old building must be used it is often very 
 difficult to select the ones best suited to the needs of the manual 
 training work. A consideration of the following requirements, 
 however, will aid in the proper selection of rooms and in plan- 
 ning a satisfactory installation of the equipment : 
 
 Location. — Machinery should be installed on the ground floor. 
 This is necessary, generally, in order to have firm foundations 
 for machines. If overhanging shafting is to be used and the 
 building is of frame construction the shop should not be under 
 a classhoom. The vibration would be intolerable in the class- 
 room. Partitions and floors between shops and classrooms 
 should be thorouglily deadened to prevent the transmission of 
 sound. Washrooms should be near tlve shops, otherwise each 
 shop should be provided with one or more wash basins conve- 
 niently located within the shop. The drawing room should be 
 located near the woodworking shop, but need not be on the same 
 floor. If only one teacher is to be. employed, one well-planned 
 room may serve for both drawing and shop M'ork. This ar- 
 rangement will be successful only when the proper equipment 
 is installed. 
 
 Lighting. — Abundant light is very essential for shopwork and 
 for mechanical drawing. Exact mechanical work, such as saw- 
 ing or cutting to knife lines, if attempted under any but the best 
 lighting conditions, is sure to result in poor work and badly 
 
70 Bulletin of tJie Universitij of Texas 
 
 strained eys. It would be far better to use a poorly lighted 
 room for Latin, or geometry classes than for pupils trying any 
 form of fine mechanical operations. The light should come from 
 in front of, and to the left, of the worker. If artificial light 
 must be used, a drop light should be placed above the back left 
 hand corner of each bench, as well as over every station occu- 
 pied by the workers. Windows should extend up close to the 
 ceiling. North light is especially desirable for the class in me- 
 chanical drawing. On account of the difficulty in getting proper 
 lighting when double work benches are used, single benches 
 should be used wherever the floor space will permit. 
 
 Ventilatio7i. — The shops should be well ventilated, as an abun- 
 dance of fresh air is necessary to pupils engaged in vigorous ex- 
 ercise of mind and body. The working positions bring the pupils 
 in close contact with much finely divided dust, coming from the 
 material worked upon. It is important to eleminate this dust as 
 quickly as possible by a good circulation of fresh air. 
 
 The shop should have good heating facilities, so that the tem- 
 perature can be controlled without interfering with the proper 
 ventilation. Moist warm air should not be admitted into a cold 
 room where tools and machinery are kept, as the cold metal will 
 become covered with moisture, which will cause the rusting of 
 the iron and steel parts. Basements with floors that are more 
 than two feet below the surface of the school ground should not 
 be used for shops, as such rooms often become cooler than the 
 outside atmosphere. 
 
Manual Training i)i the High ScJiool 
 
 71 
 
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 Bulletin of tlie Vniversity of Texas 
 
 
 
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Manual Training in the High School 73 
 
 The above plan shows a satisfactory arrangement of equipment 
 for bench woodwork and mechanical drawing. The plan contem- 
 plates the use of twelve (B) No. 1 or No. 2 single benches, pro- 
 vided with drawing board frames to fit top of the benches; 
 twelve (C) tablet arms chairs, one (A) teacher's drawing table, 
 two (D) drawing board cabinents, one (F) saw table or band 
 saw, one (I) tool case, one (G) glue and paint table, and two 
 (J) lumber racks. 
 
 Floors. — All shops except the forge shop and the foundry 
 should have wooden floors. Such floors are far more comforta- 
 ble than are concrete or brick floors, and cause less damage to 
 tools that may fall upon the floor. 
 
 Space. — The amount and the shape of the floor space required 
 for each laboratory and auxilary room will depend upon the size 
 of the class, the type of equipment, and the kind of Avork to be 
 done. 
 
 Eighteen by twenty-six feet, 22x22 feet, or 16x30 feet are di- 
 mensions of rooms suitable for shops for bench woodwork and 
 mechanical drawing for a class of twelve pupils. These small 
 rooms would not afford sufficient demonstration space, or space 
 for machinery ; 26x32 or 25x34 feet are dimensions of rooms suit- 
 able for bench woodwork and mechanical drawing, and provide 
 space for demonstration and for a hand saw or a table saw. 
 
 A room 24x38 feet, with windows on two sides and on one end, 
 would afford excellent space and good arrangement for a class of 
 twelve pupils in bench woodwork, mechanical drawing, carpentry, 
 furniture making, and concrete work. It would also provide am- 
 ple space for demonstrations and for a hand saw or table saw ; 
 20x25 or 15x36 feet are dimensions suitable for a drawing room 
 to accommodate a class of twelve. 
 
. !- Bullet m of tJie University of Texas 
 
 purchaser's finding list of firms supplying equipment and 
 
 supplies. 
 
 Abrasive Wheels and Materials. 
 
 Chicago Wheel and Mfg. Co., 47 W. Randolph St., Chicago. 
 
 Pike Mfg. Co., Pike, N. H. 
 
 The Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Artist's and Draftsman's Material. 
 
 Chandler & Barber, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Dallas Blue Print Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 
 Frederick Post Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Keuffel & Esser Co., Hoboken, N. J., and St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Belting. 
 
 Briggs-Weaver Machinery Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
 
 Benches 
 
 Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co., Cxrand Rapids, Mich. 
 E. H. Sheldon & Co., Muskegon, Mich. 
 Oak Cliff Planing Mill and Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Blacksmith' s Tools. 
 
 Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas 
 Orr & Lockett Hardware Co., Chicago, 111. 
 Walter Tip.s, Austin, Texas. 
 
 Blowers. 
 
 American Gas Furnace Co., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 B. F. Sturtevant Co., Hyde Park, Mass. 
 
 Blue Print Paper. 
 
 Dallas Blue Print Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Keuffel & Esser Co., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Cabinet Hardware. 
 
 Behering & Cartes, Houston, Texas. 
 
 Francis Keil & Son, E. 163d St., New York, N. Y. 
 
Manual Training in the High School 75 
 
 Grand Rapids Brass Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 Huev & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
 
 Carver's Tools. 
 
 Hammaeher & Schlemmer Co., New York, X. Y. 
 :\rack & Co., Rochester, X. Y. 
 Miller Falls Co., Miller Falls, Mass. 
 
 Clamps. 
 
 Cincinnati Tool Co., Norwood Station. Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Copper Worli)uj Tools. 
 
 Chandler & Barber, Boston, ]Mass. 
 
 Orr & Lockett Hardware Co., 14 Randolph St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Cement anel Concrete Wot'ker's Tools. 
 
 Hney & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Walter Tips, Anstin, Texas. 
 
 Chucks — Lathe and Dhill. 
 
 The Skinner Chuck Co., New Britain, Conn. 
 T. R. Almond Mfg. Co., Ashburnham, ]\Iass. 
 Westcott Chuck Co., Oneida, N. Y. 
 
 Drawing Boards and Tables. 
 
 Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 Keuffel & Esser Co., Hoboken, N. J. 
 Oak Cliff Planing ]\Iill and Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Larson's Stair Works, San Antonio, Texas. 
 
 Drills — Upright. 
 
 1 The Rockford Drilling Machine Co., Rockford, 111. 
 Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
 W. T. & John Barns Co., Rockford, 111. 
 
 Forges. 
 
 B. F. Sturtevant Co., Hyde Park, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
76 Bulletin of tlie Vniversitij of Texas 
 
 Champion Blower and Forge Co., Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 Foundry Equipment. 
 
 Hill & Griffith Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Ideal Mfg. Co., San Antonio, Texas. 
 Orr & Lockett Hardware Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Furnaces — Melting, Tempering and Annealing. 
 American Gas Furnace Co., New York, N. Y. 
 Bufalo Dental Mfg. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Chicago Flexible Shaft Co., La Salle Ave., Chicago, lil. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 E. A. Sheldon Co., Muskegan, Mich. 
 Oak Cliff Planing Mill and Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids. ]Mich, 
 Larson's Stair Works, San Antonio, Texas. 
 
 Gear Cutting Attachments for Lathes. 
 W. C. Young, AVorcester, Mass. 
 
 Qlue. 
 
 C. T. Bailey Co., Chicago, 111. 
 Swift & Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Glue Heaters. 
 
 Oliver ^Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Grinders. 
 
 Mummert & Dixon Co., Hanover, Pa. 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, IMich. 
 Pike Mfg. Co., Pike, N. H. 
 Rockford Drilling IMachine Co., Rockford, 111. 
 The Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Jointers — Band. 
 
 American Woodworking ]\Iachineiy Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 J. A. Fay & Egan Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Knives, Sloyd. 
 
 Hammacher-Schlemmer Co., New York, N. Y, 
 
3Ianual Training in tlie High School 77 
 
 Harrington Cntlery Co., Southbridge, Mass. 
 
 Lathe Tools. 
 
 Armstrong Bros. Tool Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 T. R. Almond Mfg. Co., Ashbnrnham, Mass. 
 
 Lathes — Engine. 
 
 F. E. Reed Co., Worcester, Mass. 
 
 The Champion Tool Works, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 The Seneca Falls I\Ifg. Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Lathes — Wood Turning. 
 
 F. E. Reed Co., Worcester, Mass. 
 
 F. E. AVells Co., Greenfield, Mass. 
 
 J. A. Fay & Egan Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich, 
 
 Lumber — Hardwood. 
 
 Griffith Lumber Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Burton Lumber Co., Houston, Texas. 
 
 Machine Tools. 
 
 Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Houston, Texas. 
 
 Manual Training Vises. 
 
 C. A. Herriman & Son. South Haven, Mich. 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 Richarcls-Wilcox INIfg. Co., Aurora, 111. 
 W. C. Toles & Co., Irving Park, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Metals, Brass, Copper, Bronze, Etc. 
 
 Charles H. Besly & Co., N. Clinton St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Metal WorJiing Tools. 
 
 Briggs-Weaver Machinery Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Charles Besly & Co., N. Clinton St., Chicago, 111. 
 Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
 
 Moulder's Tools. 
 
 Hill & Griffith Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Pipe Tools, Plumber's Tools. 
 
 Briggs-Weaver Mch. Co., Dallas. 
 Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
 
78 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
 
 Saivs — Band and Circular. 
 
 American Woodworking Machinery Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
 J. A. Fay & Egan Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. - 
 
 Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. J 
 
 The Crescent Machine Co., Lnetonia, Ohio. i 
 
 Saws — Power Hack. 
 
 Millers Falls Co., Millers Falls, Mass. 
 
 Henry G. Thompson & Son Co., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Shapers — Crank. 
 
 Gould & Eberhardt, Newark, N. J. 
 Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Houston, Texas. 
 
 Sheet Metal and Sheet Metal Worker's Tools. 
 
 Charles Besly & Co., Clinton St., Chicago, 111. 
 Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 Orr & Lockett Hardware Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Tubing — Metal. 
 
 Charles Besley & Co., N. Clinton St., Chicago, 111. 
 Venetian Iron. 
 
 Hammacher & Sehlemmer Co., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Orr & Lockett, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Veneer and Veneer Panels. 
 R. Rasnor, Chicago. 
 
 St. Louis Basket and Box Co., St. Louis, Mo. 
 ' The Louisville Veneer Mills, Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Woodivorking Tools. 
 
 Behering & Cartes, Houston, Texas. 
 Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas. Texas. 
 Miller Falls Co., Miller Falls, IMass. 
 Sargent & Co., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Stanley Rule and Level Co., New Britain Conn., Norwood i 
 
 Station, Cincinnati, Ohio. I 
 
 "Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. f 
 
 Wood Finishing Material. 
 
 Berry Brothers, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 H. Behlen & Bros., 371 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 The Marietta Paint and Color Co., Marietta, Ohio. 
 
013 973 452 f\ $ 
 
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 013 973 452 A 
 
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