-n^ V x^ °^. y .^' -j » .<:> •v •X^^ ^ <^' o , ^ "^^A v^ N.^°- ■^ \ .0- o^ - .'X^' ^/ <^^' vv^' 'V ^^ "''^^ •X'' .\-^' ^/'.. -.^^^ o ^ * , 1 '\ s \ .*■*• .1 " o ^ '\> ^V V s ' ** A ,. ■' ^^<^ /" 0' ^0 \^ o -^ : .^'' ci-. (, t> ci o -i a ^^.i CY s ^ ° ' ' /, 'C> ^ ^ ^ ,- - .^^ "^.. • ^SSiJi^.^ y ,-;s :!' vS^ <>0 >0 .■w"«-' .^ ,v .^^' ■■'-, THE MISSOURI HAND-BOOK, EMBRACING A FULL DESCREPTrON OF THE STATE OF MISSOUKI; HER AGUrClTLTURAL, MINERALOGIC AL AND GEOLOGICAL CTIAIl- . ACTKU; IIEIt W'ATE,: COURSES, TIJlP.Ell LANDS, SOIL ^UiD CLIJIATK; THE VARIOUS UAIbROAD LINES CCiPLETED, IN l'i:OOiiESS AND PitOJEGXEU, WITH THE DIS- TANCES ON EACH; AND DESCIUPTION OF EACH COUNTY IN THE STATE; THE ESVIANC8PATB0N ORDONANCE, IMPORTANT FACTS CONCEKNTNO FRF:E MISSOCBI. INFORMATION FOR C APITALISTS ANI> IMMIGRANTS RESPECTINa THB LOCATION OF VALUABLE MINES AND JNONEBAL LANDS; THE SELECTION AM> ENTRY OF COVEUNMENT LANDS; THE HOMESTEAD LA ,V : GIIAPE CULTURE, STOClC RAISING, &C., &C. BY NATHAN H. PARKER, AnthoT of ' ' Missouri As It Is in 1865, " " Geological Map of Mlssonrl," "Iowa As It 1.4," Sectional and Geological JMap of Iowa," Hand- books of /owa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska. &o. y ■ . - / -- SAINT LOUIS: P. M. PINOKARD, ¥0S. 78 AND 80 PIOTS STREET. 1865. Wintered accorrTing: to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by NATHAN H. PABKER, In tbe Clerk ' s Office of the Diatrict Court, for the Eastern District of Missouri . PHINTED BY P.M. PINCKABO, 78 « 80 PINE ST. •M ENDORSEMENT BY THE GOVEMOR. '^I will aid you. Tnithfiilly illustrate our soil, mines, timber and water-power, and toiling millions, who shall find homes and wealth in Missoari, will bless you. " TnOS. C. FLETCnEB." ENDORSEMENT BY THE STATE BOAKD OF IMMIGRATIOK " Hesolved, That, having examined the manuscript of a work now in press, hj N'athan H. Parker, entitled, ^TiiE Missouri IIand-Book,' this Board is of opinion that the work is eminently truthful and coiTeet in its representations of the leading features of the resources of this State ; and that the Secretary bo directed to ascertain from Mr. Parker what number of copies he can furnish the Board, of the first edition, and to secure at once at least one thousand copies." — Extract from Min- utes of meeting held March 28, 18G5. PREFACE. The State of Missouri holds out to lojal, ener- getic immigrants such inducements as no other State in the Union can boast. Her agricultural, mineral and manufacturing resources are inexhaustible, her advantages unparalleled, and her claims upon the attention of every class of the energetic, the in- dustrious, and the ambitious are as peremptory as they are vast. We have here mountains of iron, innumerable veins of lead ore ; the best varieties of marble and building stone throughout the State; timber-land in great variety ; both hill and valley, prairie soil, bluff and dell, which, in point of fertility, is second to none in the world, while almost every mineral of any economical value exists in immense deposits. Yet there is a deplorable scarcity of such published information as shall properly set forth these latent sources of wealth, and furnish a reliable guide for the purchaser or settler in the selection of a locality adapted to his wants. The Missouri Hand-Book is designed to supply this want. To place this information within the reach of all who may be directing their attention to this State, it has been condensed into the present brief space. Those who desire more full detailed description of the State- are referred to " Missouri As It Is in 1865," PREFACE by tlie same author, now in press, (J. R Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia,) a work of about 500 pages, octavo. Owing to the important changes being wrought in this State, and with a view to make this Ilkistrated Historical Gazetteer as complete as possible, and to fully answer the purposes for which it v/as designed, its publication has been de- ferred a few weeks. Those particularly interested in the mineral wealth of the State will find " Parker's Geological Map of Missouri '''' (just issued) very full and reliable, If this Hand-Book shall tend to throw a light over the immigrant's path, or serve to eradicate or lessen whatever of misconception or of prejudice may have existed in the minds of strangers — if, as the fruit of his labors, the author shall be able to induce others to join the mighty host that even now is swarming to Missouri, by representing the State, her resources and advantages, in a true light before the world, and to assign to Missouri that lofty rank among the States which she must soon attain and fore\'er hold— he will feel that he has not labored in vain. That this work may aid in the advancement of this iLoble State, and assist in the development of the fortunes of those whose enterprise leads them to seek, in her exhaustless mines and fertile fields, a sphere of action wortliy the largest capital and highest genius, is the earnest desire of THE AUTHOE. St. Louis, May 15, 1865. TABLE OF CONTENTS. VAQEi THE CALL FROM MISSOURI ^ ^ . ^^ 9 GENERAL VIEW OF THE STATE. 11 THE WAR m MISSOURI » ;..;..... 22 PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MISSOURI.. 24 EMANCIPATION ORDINANCE , 24 MISSOURI'S JUBILEE— GOV. FLETCHER'S ADDRESS 25 PROCLAMATION OF FREEDOM 23 INAUGURATION OF THE NEAV ERA 29 GOV. FLETCHER'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS 30 ADVANTAGES AND RESOURCES OF MISSOURI 31 THE HARMONY OF LABOR AND CAPITAL 33 THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF LOYALTY 31 IMMIGRATION 37 OUR RAILROAD SYSTEM 39 PUBLIC LANDS— THE HOJVIESTEAD LAW 41 A WORD OF ADVICE TO LAND BUYERS 43 TABLE OF POPULATION AND UNENTERED LAND - 45 TIMBER AND WATER-POWER -".--.. 47 MINERAL RESOURCES OF MISSOUTII 50 GRAPE CULTURE 57 PRAIRIE FARMING IN NORTHERN MISSOURI 61 STOCK RAISING 64 SUGAR M.VKENG -. 66 RAILWAYS IN MISSOURI 68 RAILWAY AND RIVER DISTANCES 73 DESCRIPTION OF COUNTIES, AlphabeticaUy Arranged, from 81 to 162 THE CALL FROM MISSOURI. Hark 1 TioTrtho voice of our joyful Missouri Rings o'er tlie land to the rich and the poor ': "Ho I yo who seek for a homo and for fortune, Enter yo in at my wido-opon door. Broad are my fields that but wait for your sowing Harvests to yield that will weary your hand ; Steady, untiring, my rivers are flowing, Bearing their wealth through the heart of the land. Solid and firm is my rock-built foundation, Ready for use to your patience and skill ; Lead I can givo you, enough for the nation, Bring but your strong arms, your resolute will. Break out the iron from my rough-brcastod mountain. Lift the dark coal from the earth where it lies; Strike the hard crust, and the wealth-giving fountain Out of my oil-beds unfailing will rise. Who knows the treasures that wait for your mining? Hid in my arms — I have kept them for you. Bright in the darkness the silver is shining, Copper gleams redly the quartz crystals through. Oh I I have held them safe hid in my keeping, Covered my wild flowers over their rest. Wake to the daylight the wealth that lies sleeping, Sleeping for you in my earth's quiet breast. X . THE CALL FROM MISSOURI. O'er my broad acres no slave-driver's lashes Ever shall startle the echoes again ; On the deep grave where lie slavery's ashes, On my free soil to-day, stand my free men Lahor is noble Aye, labor is glory ! Mountain and valley ring out the glad song; All my broad rivers take up the same story, Singing it still as they hurry along. Wide rolling prairie, like waves of the ocean, Laughing with plenty for hands that will toilj Broad, shady woods, 'mid whoso wind-given motion Sunlight comes dancing down over the soil ; Hill-slope and rlver-sidc, mountain and valley, Choose ye your homes where ye like them the best; Strong arms, and sinewy, up then and rally, Rally for homes to the Queen of the West I" A. E. GENEllAL VIEW OF USSOTJRL The Stato of Missouri lies (with the exception of a small projection at the south-east corner, between tho St. Frangois and the Mississippi rivers,) between 36° SO' and 40° 36' north latitude, and between 89° 10' and 96° west longitude, being about 318 miles in its greatest length from east to west, and 280 in width from north to south. The Stato contains 67,380 square miles, or 43,123,200 acres of land, of which 35,000,000 are most valuable and are classified as follows : 8,000,000 acres are good hemp lands, 5,000,000 are best grape lands, 20,000,. 000 acres arc adapted to corn, wheat, tobacco, grass, etc, the common products of the farm, and 2,000,000 acres of them are mining lands. In the order of area, Missouri is the fifth Stato in the Union. Texas, California, Oregon and Minnesota are the only larger ones. In the relative ratio of increase from 1810 to 1860, Missouri is the eighth; in 1820, she was the twenty-third, when Virginia was the second, and in 1860 dropped to be the fifth. Ohio, Illinois and Indiana are the only new States excelling Missouri in ratio of increase up to 1860. Now that freedom is irre- vocably ordained for Missouri, she will doubtless take higher rank in the next censes than several of her present predecessors. 12 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. The Mississippi river is nearly 3,200 miles long, and washes the eastern border of the State for 470 miles, and is navigable to the Falls of St. Anthony. The Missouri River rises in the Eocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia, 3,096 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi, the last 500 miles of its course is within the Stute of Missouri. It is navigable about 2,500 miles above the city of St. Joseph. The trough through which its waters flow is from four to five miles wide, and is bounded by lime-stone hills from 100 to 300 feet high. Nearly all of its bottom lands are on its north bank, and not ordinarily subject to inundation. It is rapid, and can only be readily ascended by steam power. Its tribu- taries on the south are the Gasconade and Osage rivers. The principal tributaries on the north side are the Chari- ton and Gi-and Elvers, both navigable at times, and composed of very numerous branches, which, with the Platte, Nodaway and other rivers thoroughly water and drain the richest agricultural portion of the State, prin- cipally rolling prairie, conveniently interspersed with an ample supply'- of timber, coal and rock. The Valley of the Missouri is the last great river valley to be settled west of the Mississippi, between that and the Eocky Mountains. Its healthy climate, rich soil and immense mineral wealth, claims, and is receiving, the earnest attention of millions " westward bound." Direct- ly in the most favored "^ path of Empire," it is now ready and generously invites all to come and occupy. Evi- dently it is the next great focus in which emigration will concentrate. THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOUEI. 13 The Missouri river divides the State of Missouri into two nearly equal parts, having very different phj^sical characteristics. Immediately south of the river the soil is excellent and well adapted for general agriculture, but the greater part of the southern portion is hilly, broken and mountainous, generally unproductive, although it supports a magnificent growth of yellow pine, valuable for lumber. The intervening valleys are fertile, but of small extent. In the south-eastern part ai'e lai"ge tracts of marshy and inundated lands. This State possesses some of the most prominent geo- graphical features of the western country, and from the meeting of such mighty streams on its confines, and its relation to all the country situated north and west of it, Professor Schoolcraft predicts "it must become the key to all the commerce of those regions, and is destined to Lave a commanding influence on the surrounding States, and on the political character and mutations of that country." Drawing a line on the map, from the mouth of the Lamine Eiver, in Cooper county, due south to its intersection of the State boundary line, where Whito Kiver leaves the State, we will create a " datum line," dividing the eastern from the western part of Missouri, from the fact that the two sections differ in their geo- graphical, geological and topographical features. What is known as the "Ozark Eange" or Eidge, is the elevated table land, which, leaving the eastern branch of the Sierra Madre at Long's Peak in latitude 40° 20', longi- tude 105° 4ry, runs south until it heads the South Fork of the Platte, becomes the main divide between the 14 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. waters -whieli flow north to the Nebraska, east into the Missouri, and those which flow into the Mississippi by the Arkansas. The northern branch passes into this State, between the head waters of the Osage and the small streams which empty directly into the Missouri, This Eidge continues until it reaches the head waters of the Lamine, and then again divides — its main branch, passing south of all the branches of the Lamine, is the " divide" between that stream and the waters of the Osage, and after running toward the Yalley of the Mis- souri, there loses itself between the mouth of the Lamine and the Osage rivers. The southern branch of the prin- cipal Eidge, pass-ing between the heads of the Osage on the east, and the streams which em])ty into the Arkan- sas enters the State in Jasper county, 110 miles south of the mouth of the Kansas, becomes what is designated upon topographical maps " the Ozark Eange." Possess- ing no feature or characteristic of a mountain, this Ridge, as it progresses east, becomes the most remarka- ble feature in the topography of the State. It is the dividing ridge between the waters of the Missouri on its northern slope, and those of the Mississippi on its south- ern, from its inception at Long's Peak to its terminus on the banks of the Mississippi. From Long's Peak to the assumed " datum line," this Ridge is celebrated for its ])am])as or prairies, its long gentle slopes, continuous directions, and the great breadth and uniformity of its summit level ; from the same line east to the Mississippi river, it is equally remarkable for the reverse of these features. This Ridge, as it approaches the heads of tho THE HAND-BOOK OP MSSOURI. 15 Gasconade and Current rivers, retakes the character it had abandoned at Long's Peak, and retains it through- out the eastern section. It may not be out of place to follow this ridge; crossing the Mississippi at Grand Tower, it is cut through by that river, also by the Big Muddy of Illinois, is again severed by the Ohio at Gol- conda, and passing through Kentucky, merges itself into the Cumberland Mountain, between the heads of the Kentucky Eiver and Big Sandy on the north, and the Cumberland Eiver on the south. East of the "datum line" this ridge becomes broken, irregular and mountainous, as it approaches the head of the Piney, ^Maramec, Indian Creek and Big rivers on the north, and Eleven Points, Current, Black and St. Fran- cois on the south, it becomes more and more broken, irregular and ill-defined j as it approaches the scat of volcanic action, near those most wonderful natural objects, the Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob, where the Eidgc proper loses itself in a strange anomoly — a valley on one of the highest ridges in the State ! The moun- tains which form this valley rise up from the summit of this ridge, mostly of metaliferous formations, generally covered with a mixed growth of timber. W. E. Single- ton, Esq., civil engincei", says: "The autumn scenery of the West is celebrated in song and on canvas j but I am satisfied neither harp, pen or pencil could portray one- tenth of the beauties of that one glance, as I surmounted the Eidge, from the summit of which, b}^ one coup-d'ail my soul drank in all the beauties of the Bellevue Valley." Mr. S. says : "From a personal and instrumental exam- IG THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. ination, this has been pronounced a more remarkable country than any within the United States. Hence, in my examination of its geological features, when com- pared with those of the Sierra Madre, I unhesitatingly pronounce.it to have been subjected to the same volcanic influences, although in a milder form. The character- istic rocks arc identical with those of Long's Peak and those of the Sierra Madre." Since the return from the Rocky Mountain gold regions to south-east Missouri of persons who have noticed the similarity in the geological features of the two sections, explorations have been made which indicate that there are very rich and extensive mines of gold in southeast Missouri. (See geological map of Missouri for locations.) The southern slope of tho main or Ozark Eidgc from the datum line, to the geolo- gist becomes strikingly interesting as ho approaches its eastern terminus. First are the points running imme- diately down to White Eiver, in all of which, near the main Eidgc, arc evidences of coal; as he approaches the Eleven Points, the mineral resources become moro interesting, until having reached the waters of the Cur- rent Eiver, ho is involved among intermediate hills, knobs and mountains of metalic deposits, embracing iron, lead, copper, gold, silver, zinc, nickel, tin, emery, cobalt, kaolin and other rare metals; while porphyritic and granitic formations lead him to imagine himself at once trausj.iorted to tho 'Stony Mountains,' or tho * Ne- vada' of California. The topographer has no business here ! Pen nor pencil can delineate or describe those physical features. THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 17 Before leaving this subject, the writer would submit to geologists whether the present appearance of the rocks at Grand Tower (where this ridge is cut through) does not justify the belief that the Mississippi Eiver, above the main Kidge, was at some former period probably 200 feet higher than at the present time, and that there were then falls in the Mississippi, at the Grand Tower> possibly nearly as extensive as those of the Niagara ? The fact that the great coal basin, as well as the prairies of Illinois, Missouri and Iowa lie north of this great natural barrier, justify the conclusion that such has been the case, and that the great coal basin and the prairies were formed during the period when that portion of the Mississippi Yalley must have been a vast body of water I The wcsteryi section of the State — west of this datum line is generally regular and uniform both in its vertical and horizontal sections ; the streams descending from the summit ridges by gentle slopes to the main valleys are almost imperceptible in their descent; the ridges are wide, continuously direct, and remarkably uniform in grade, mostly covered with prairies, and peculiarly adapted to farming or stock growing — can easily and cheaply be traversed by railroads. Almost every acre of the alluvial bottoms throughout this entire region has a rich, durable soil, well adapted to the culture of corn, wheat, tobacco, oats and the grasses. The south-western part of the State contains, perhaps, the richest and most extensive bed of lead in the world, while the soil and climate are peculiarly favoi'able for stock growing, and all kinds of agricultural pursuits. The south-eastern 18 TUB HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. portion of the State is more valuable for its minerals than for its agricultural capabilities. There is scarcely a mineral of any economical value that will not be found within an area of forty miles, taking Pilot Knob as the centre. Many persons have an idea that there are coun- ties where the land is worthless — no soil, timber or min- erals. Doubtless there are small tracts, where, thus far, none of these arc known to exist ; but some of the rocky ledges now containinj^ the richest deposits of valuable metals have been passed by for years as worthless, and men who entered them under the graduation act at 12 J or 25 cents per acre, would not now take one thousand fold advance upon their investment. The Creator has made nothing in vain. The slopes and ridges of central and southern Missouri occupy millions of acres, now deemed worthless, which are, in fact, by far the most valuable lands in this part of the State for the culti- vation of the grape. Especially is this true of those located upon the southern highlands, away from the vapors and sudden changes of our large rivers and broad valleys. The magnesian limestones, sandstones, porous chert and the thin bids of reddish, brown, marly clays that usually overlie the limestones, all combine to form a soil light dry, warm and rich in all the elements needed for the grape, as shown by the analysis made by Dr. Litton, of the Geological Survey Corps. (See article on Grape Culture, in this work.) Many of the old settlers throughout the State seem disposed to complain because the}'- have lived in certain localities so long; endured so many privations, and met THE n^VND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 19 with such poor success. Yet, there are settlements, some of tiiem twenty or thirty years old, that have not a fruit tree nor a grape vino within their entire hounda- ries ; while there is no better soil or climate for fruit or grapes in the Union, probably, and no more certain or profitable crops; and $10 worth of fruit trees and vines planted less than ten years a.^o and properly cultivated, would now be worth as many hundreds. The northern portion of the State is generally a high, rolling country, about equally divided into prairie and timber, all well watered with numerous springs and streams. A small portion in the north-eastern part of the vStatc is broken into ridges and knobs ; and the larger streams are bordered hj rich, alluvial bottoms, adapted to the successful culture of the cei'eals, grasses, fruit and vegetables of this latitude. The soil (based upon the fine silicious marl of the bluff formation) possesses all the good qualities of the very best of western lands. The soils upon the ridges and higher uplands are of a lighter character, but it is not improbable that they will yield a greater return and be more valuable for the cul- tivation of the grape, as well as of many other kinds of fruit, than even our richest soil for the ordinary purposes of agriculture. In short, northern Missouri exhibits a desirable medium between a mountainous and a level country — a bleak prairie and a densely timbered region. It is less broken and hilly than most of the eastern and middle States, and less level or flat than portions of Illinois. The soil is scarcely surpassed in any region of equal extent, and 20 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. yet tlio country is high, undulating, well watered and salubrioug. It is so divided into prairie and timber as will render the opening of farms most convenient and profitable. The prairie is ready for the plow, and timber at hand for buildings and fences. But the vast coal beds beneath give these lands a value far above all ordi- nary prices. According to Major Hawn's surveys (along the Hannibal & St. Joseph E. E. Co.'s lands) there are beds of coal varying in thickness from three to fifteen feet, which will yield not less than 20,000 tons per acre, which, at only five cents per ton, is worth $1,000 per acre ! This is the agricultural portion of the State, The Submerged Lands op Missouri. — The section of the State that is inundated comprises portions of the counties of Cape Girardeau, Scott, Mississippi, Wayne, Stoddard, Butler, New Madrid, Dunklin and Pemiscot, embracing, according to the returns made to the Sur- veyor General's ofl5ce, 1,856,120 acres. A portion of each of the above-named counties is covered with water, and possesses an alluvial soil — very fertile, but low, marshy, interspersed by rivers, lakes, swamps, bayous, bogs and marshes. Those portions that are submerged but a part of the year are very unhealthy — the water remaining on the low and marshy lands during the hot summer months become very impure and putrid. Vege- tation being very rank and abundant on this rioh, marshy soil, mixes with the putrid waters, and when decomposed renders the atmosphere impure and unheal- thy. A great portion of these swamps is not susceptible for the habitation of man, except the almost numberless THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOUW. 21 groups of islands interspersed, which are occupied during certain seasons of the year by hunters and trappers, and those who establish temporary trading posts there during the winter. It is a romarkablo fact that there is a chain of low, level, marshy lands, commencing at the city of Capo Girardeau and extending to the Gulf of Mexico ; and that between these two points there is not a rock landing, except at the town of Commerce, on the west side of the Mississippi. Furthermore, there is only one ridge of high land below Commerce, on the west side of the river — at Helena, Arkansas, From the city of Capo Girar- deau, running into Arkansas, is a strip or tongue, 350 miles long, of beautiful and excellent lands along the western margin of the Mississippi, which is well inhab- ited, having an average width often miles and is entirely cut off, and stands isolated from the interior of Missouri and Arkansas by the great swamps lying west of it, and deprives and cuts off all communication from the interior southern part of Missouri and northern Arkansas, for the distance above mentioned, to the Mississippi river. In most of these swamps the lands are fertile — the timber unsurpassed in size and quality. For the information of persons not already aware of the fact, it maybe stated that the earthquakes of 1811-12 proved very injurious to south-east Missouri, changing the course of streams and rivers, causing the waters to spread in every direction — made high land where it was previously low, and in elevated places sunk them, thus causing the rivers and streams to overflow the tract above described. 22 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. (For a more detailed description of the ptyskal i^a^ turcs of the State; a plan for reclaiming the submerged lands of south-east Missouri; a history of the eai'th- quakcs of 1811-12, &c., &c., the reader is referred to ^Olissouri as It Is in 1865/' now in press. See also description of counties in this work.) THE WAR m MISSOUEL A detailed history of the war in this State would HOt only be uninteresting to many who procure this as a guide-book, but would occupy far more space than could be devoted to so important a historical epoch. How- ever, it is but just to show that Missouri has done her duty. Being the only slaveholding Border State west of the Mississippi Eiver, and having become deeply involved in the troubles in Kansas, the subject of the conflict be- tween the i^orth and the South was developed in ]\Iis- souri almost at the very beginning of the rebellion. Few, if any, of the Northern States have suffered as much as Missouri. At the outset, a desperate effort was made to take this State out of the Union, and to join her fate Aviih that of the so-called Southern Confederacy. The first armed forces mustered in the State wore com- manded by State officers and others who sympathized with the rebellion, and this body of soldiers, (?) together with those from the State who have since joined the rebel service, will number not less than 28,000 men. Of these, twelve full regiments and one brigade (Par- sons) are known to be organized as Missouri militia in the service of the enemy, besides those who are in other THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 28 companies and regiments. But the loyal element was too strong ; and besides the number that have left the State to battle against her best interests, she has not only raised her regular quota of men for the United States Army, but furnished from her own citizens a force of State Militia to keep in subjection the bushwhackers, marauders, guerrillas, &c. From the best data at hand, we estimate the number of men that have been taken fi'om our State by different branches of the military ser- vice, to be as follows : To the United States Army, fifty regiments of infantry, fourteen of cavalry, and two of artillery, making 66,500. Add to the Union service 10,000 colored recruits and at least 28,000 in the rebel service, and we have a total of 104,500 men who have loft the peaceful avocations of former years for the army. This being a loyal State, the policy of the Administra- tion has been that we should supply our regular quotas with other States, and at the same time keep up a mili- tary force sufficient to protect ourselves from all home rebels, bushwhackers, &c. This has been and will con- tinue to be done. The counties which have suffered most severely from the effects of raids and the rebellion are those situated along the western border, south of the Missouri river, and a few in the extreme south-eastern portion of the State. But to-day, this State stands redeemed, disenthralled from slavery and oppression, and we trust the day is not distant when Missouri will hear the last i-ebel's cry of defeat and submission — the loyal, universal shout of victory ; then her streams, her hills and waving wood- 24 THU HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. lands win join in one vast choral hymn, when banners shall bo furled and arms lain to rust, and Peace snatch the sceptre from the wearied God of War. God hasten the day! PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTUEB PEOSPEO IS OF MISSOURI. After long years of struggle, Missouri has taken her place in the ranks of the Frkk States ! This great act — ^than which no event in the history of the State is of equal iiu|x)rtance — was consummated on the eleventh day of January, A. D. 1865. OaniNANCE ABOLISHINO SLAVERY IN MISSOITRI. Be it Ordained by the People of the State of Missouri in Convention assembled : That heskafter in ti;is State there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punish- ment op crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted; and all persons held to service ob l\bor as slaves, are hereby declared free, The vote was as follows : Ayes, 59 ; noes, 4 ; absent, 2. The noes were Messrs. Gilbert, of Platte; Harris, of Cal- laway; Morton, of Clay; and Switzler, of Boone. ITpon the reception by telegraph of the intelligence of the passage of the Ordinance of Emanci])atiou by tho State Convention, in session in St. Louis, both Houses of the Missouri Legislature adjourned, and jointly held an informal meeting in the Hall of the House of Repre- sentatives lo rejoice over the event. A committee was appointed to wait upon the Governor and acquaint him ffUB HAND-BOOK OJ? MISSOUEI* 25, of the glad nows; and request him to address the meet* ing on this glorious occasion. His Excellency returned with the committee, was loudly greeted, and delivered an address, so expressive of the inauguration of the new era — containing so much of encouragement, that wo in* sert the whole address. The reader will bo able ta judge from this addi'ess, and the extracts made from his \ Inaugural that we have the right kind of a man for Gov- ' crnor. His acts speak for themselves — his words arc full of meaning, and everywhere and always give the ring of ' true metal : MISSOURI'S JrnsrLEE—GOVEIlTWIl I'LSTCnEIl'& SPEECIU. j Freemen of Missouri :; j I thank you for the invitation you have given mo to j mingle my voice with yours on this occasion of ourgcn- 1 eral rejoicing. In the lightning's chirography the fact j is written ere this over the whole land — Missouri is free ! I [Applause.] I do not feel like talking now. At the end of a long war, after the last blow is struck and the crown- \ ing victory won, words fail to give an impression of the ' real feelings of the victor. Forever be this day celebra- ted by our people. Let us teach our , children, on the annual recurrence of the eleventh day of January, io meet around the altar of Liberty and renew their thank- fulness for our deliverance; and, in the historic contem- i plation of our redemption, renew the songs of our jubilee. * [Applause.] Through all coming time this day should be celebrated in the manner indicated by John Adams for celebrating the fourth day of July — by bonfires, ring- ing of bells, firing of cauijon, and waving of flags. There is something in the feelings of an old " Black Eepubli- can," an old Abolitionist, who has endured the proscrip- tive and intolerant rule of the arrogant slave power in Missouri for the last fifteen years, that language is en- 26 THE nAND-BOOK OF JHSSOURI. tirely inadequate to exj^rcss. In this free atmosphere he feels himself a head taller, [Laui^hter and applause.] To-day we remember the acts of that party which, when in the incipient stages of rebellion, declared "thai Mis- eom-i should share the fate of her sister slave States." For once they told the truth. [Applause.] Missouri has obtained the lead, and " her sister slave fcitatcs;'' will share her iate, [Applause.] * ' We are free I The forest timl fountains. Tile iilains and inoiintaius. The Kay sea shore. Are haunts of hapinest dwellers. * • • Our toil from thought all glorious forma shall cull, To make this earth, our home, more btautiful, And Science and her sister I'oesy Bhall clothe iu liijht the lieldd ami cities of the Free . ' ' The white meni of Missouri are to-day emancipated from a system which has so long lain with crushing weight upon their energies. ^Ve are now rid of every weight, and ready for the race. [Ai:)plause.] And the black man, too, is free. The gates of a. bright future are open to him as well as tQ us. [Applause.] Let us now set to work as becomes men, to rid our- selves of all the effects the damnable system of slavery has left behind it. [Applause] Not the least among these are the bushwhackers, redhanded marauders and robbers, fit allies pf the institution W'hich enslaved the souls and bodies of men. [Applause.] I anticipate that the action of this Legislature, in co- operation with the policy of Major General Dodge, will enable us to hold in security, what we have so fairly j)os- Bessed ourselves of Missouri belongs to the loyal men OF Missouri, and to them alone ! [Applause, long and loud.] They have bought it with the price of blood, and their litle is such as is respected by all civilized nations. If there is but one single loyal man in any one county of this State, he shall stand up at the county scat of his county and defy Jeff. 13avis and the vv^hole rebel Confed- ei-acy ! [Shouts of laughter.] Wa win so orgauizo our forces as to give perfect THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 27 security to every man in his life and property. Let our loyal men be of good cheer. Let Ihom go back and re- populatc the deserted counties of the border. They shall possess their homes again, and no man shall daro molest or make them afraid. [Applause.] Major General Dodge, commanding the Department of the -Nlissouri, is not a talking General : he is a thinking and an acting one. lie don't value any species of dis- loyalty. It don't bear any premium with him. His policy, permitted to be carried out, will give us security and peace. [Cheers.] Let us sustain him, and insist that cveiybody sustain him. You will see his policy only in its effects, and it will come upon some of our people like a peal of thunder from a cloudless sky. I refer to those who don't want to live in a free State, or ! who refuse to obey the laws and resi>cct the civil I authority. I I apprehend that we will have an efficient militia. 1 Those who cannot be trusted with guns will still be i militia, and will not think it hard if, instead of being ' required to shoot their friends, the rebels, they should I bo detailed to the pioneer coi-ps, or the sappers and 1 miners, and bo armed with axes or spades. [Cheers.] i We will want block-houses, stockades and forts all around " the State, and in all exposed places. Roads and bridges are to bo made for militaiy purposes, perhaps; and I do not know but the militia might bo called on to j assist to com])lete some of our railroads, as a military I necessity. [Iloars of laughter and bursts of applause.J I We may lose some of our exceedingly estimable citf- \ zens, who love slavery and civil war better than peace and prosperity, but I don't know where they can go; it j is dangerous to be a traitor now anywhere, and there is ( no security for slavoiy on this continent to-day, nor henceforth foi-ever. There are counties in this State whoi"o the largo majority of the people make no effort to enforce the laws, or to render secure the lives and proj)- erty of their loyal neighbors ; it may be necessary to have militaiy force iu such counties, and^ if the cirgum- 28. TnE II^P-BOOK OF MISSOUBI, stances jnstify it that county -will Have to pay the troops stationcc) there. [Loud applause.] I tell them that the loyal men among them arc not to bo com]iellcd to flee. Their homos shall bo protected ! [Applause.] And those who do not attempt to assist in putting down law- lessness shall pay for it. [Applause.] In free Missouri wo intend that every man shall have something to do, and when a man is found doing nothing wo will ascer- tain whether ho comes under the first section of the act concerning vagrants. [Laughter.] I don't mean to sell these fellows who are loafei's one day and bush- whackers the next. I don't believe any person could bo found to invest in such chattels, but I hope the Legis- lature will annex another and greater punishment to vagrancy, so as to make the law a teri'or, not only to evil doors, but also to those who cannot give a good account of themselves, and have no visible means of support, uscAd occupation or known abiding-place. rsoon the white- winged angel of peace will hover over Missouri, and rising up in her greatness, slio will beckon on Arkansas and her sister slave States to share with her the glorious destiny of freo America. [Applause.] One by one they will wheel into line beneath the flag that waves only over the free, and the land of Washing- ton will shine forth in perfect freedom. The star of her glory will rise up to the zenith of its splendor, and defy- ing alike domestic feuds, civil discords, treasonable con- spiracies or foreign aggressions, the genius of tho re- united States of America, like the star which the wiso men beheld in the east, with tho broad seal of eternal endurance stamped en her front, will bo tho beacon light to lead tho people of tho whole earth to tho shrine of liberty, and teach them to worship with America and rejoice in her freedom. [Enthusiastic applause] PROCIAMATION OP FREEDOM. Executive Department, City oi' Jeffersom, Mo., January 11, 1864. _ It having pleased Divine Providence to inspire to righteoua action tho sovereign pooplo of Missouri, who, Till!] EAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, 29 throttgh their delegates in Convention assembled, with propov legal authority and solcmnit}', have this day ordained : "That hereafter, in this State, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duty con- victed; and all persons held to service or labor as slaves, are hereby declared free ; " "Now, therefore, by authority of the t^upreme Ex- ecutive power vested in mo by the Constitution of Mis- souri, I, Thomas C. Fletcher, Governor of the State of Missouri, do proclaim that henceforth and forever no person within the jurisdiction of this State shall be sub- ject to any abridgement of liberty, except such as the law shall prescribe for the common good, or know any master but God. In testimon}^ whereof, I have hereunto signed my name and caused the great seal of the State to bo aiSxed, r. — ■ — .-J at the City of Jefferson, this eleventh day of ■j L. s. I" January, A, D», eighteen hundred and sixty- ^' — . — ' ^ five. THOMAS C. FLETCHEE, By the Governor: Feaijcis RodmaN; Secretary of State^ IKAUaURATION OF THE NEW ERA. Henceforth and forever Missouri is a Free State. The Radical party who selected Thos. C. Fletcher as their standard-bearer in the recent test canvas, and who elected him by a handsome majority, have obtained complete control of every department of the State, and must now assume the entire responsibility of controling its destiny and shaping its public affairs. Hence those who come here to make their homos, and to identify their interests with us, will "fall into line." We can give them no better introduction to our estimable Ex- 30 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. ecutive, nor better explain his policy, or the conditioti of the affairs of the State, than by extracting from the INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR FLETCHER, Senators and Representatives : In the name of Truth, of Justice, of Freedom, and of Progress, God has jiermittcd us a jiolitical triumph^ bringing witli it the solemn resijonsibility of jn'omoting those great i)rinciples by an enforcement of the funda- mental law for securing the peace, happiucs? and pros- perity of the people of the State. THE NEW ERA OF FREEDOJI. Through the blood and fire of a civil war, we have attained to a new era, effulgent with the glory of the decree of the people in their sovereign capacity, eman- cipating themselves from servitude to ])rinciple8 and policies Avhich have weighed down their energies, opposed bai'riers in their progress, and armed, the hand of Ti'cason for the shedding of patriot blood. THE FATE OP SLAVERY. The only instance in the world's history of a rebel- lion against an existing Government in the name and for the sake of Slaver}", has resulted in the enlargement of Liberty ; and the retributive Nemesis has sent the system of Slavery crashing down to hopeless destruction in the conflagration of a civil strife lighted by its owa hand. THE people's verdict. All men fit to be citizens and partakers of the com- mon rights accorded men in civilized communities, must regard and treat as final and conclusive the recent deliberate and solemn verdict of the people of Missouri, rendered iii the full exercise of reason restored by the calamities of the war, iu favor of closing the gates of Janus and restoring the power of the civil law, and against the mad attempts to defy the authority of the THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 31 National Government. The civilized woi'ld which has - been observant of; not less than our own community which has been participant in this unparalleled conflict, must, in that vei'dict, acknowledge that the position of Missouri, in the van of the free and progressive States whose attachment to the Union defies earthly ])ower to rend, is as enduring as our own eternal and solid moun- tains of iron, which, based in the deep center of our State, lift their firm brows toward the sky in colossal majesty. OUR DUTY TO SINK THE PARTISAN IN THE PATRIOT. Being victorious everywhere, let magnanimity now distinguish our action; and, having nothing more to ask for party, let us, forgetful of past differences, seek only to promote the general good of the people of the wholo commonwealth. While, therefore, we let past dangers teach us provision for future security, let us welcome to a participation in our coming prosperity and greatness as a State, all who unite with us in upholding and de- fending the authority of the Constitution of the United States and of the State of Missouri, of the laws enacted in pursuance thereof, and of the officers eelected for their enforcement. THE DARK PAST AND THE BRIGHT FUTURE. Behind us we leave the wrecks of old institutions, and all the bitter memories of the terrible Past, retaining only the lessons of wisdom our experience of them has taught us. Before us, glowing with promise and fruit- ful with hope, is the mighty Future; but be assured, that in readjusting the framework of our torn community to its requirements, wo shall need, to enable us to grasp that promise and realize that hope, all the energies of our truest and best citizens. ADVANTAGES AND RESOURCES OF MISSOURI. In point of physical advantage, in the combination of all the elements of wealth, in the invitations that aro held out to enterprise; and in tho magnificent and swift 32S Tirin HAND-BOOK oi" Missouri. rewards that wait on industry, no area on the "Western Continent containing an equal tiumber of square miles, can compare with our own State. While embracing a greater number of acres of good agricultural land than any other State in the Union, Missouri has more iron than all the other States combined ; lead in quantities greater than elsewhere discovered in the world ; mines of cobalt and zinc, and lodes of copper; whole districts of countiy underlaid with strata of coal; almost illimit- able forests of the most useful timber, including the giant resiniferous pine, inviting the hand of unshackled industry and liberal enterprise to gather its wealth; prairie and forest diversified everywhere by streams affording unequaled water power; one of the largest rivers of the world flowing through her center, and another washing the whole length of her border. OUR BETTER DESTINY. In contemplating our natural resources, gratitude for their bestowraent and pride in their possession struggle for the ascendency; and we are more grateful and prouder still in reflecting upon the heroic resolution with which our noble State has shaken off a thralldom fatal to prosperity and at war with justice — has buried the dead Past, and advanced the standard of Freedom as the emblem of her future faith. We have every reason to incite us henceforth to great achievement. Wo have a State that promises to be the grand central figure of a cluster of republics, victoriously emergent with new splendor from the recent conflict of industrial systems. There is enough of accomplishment already attained to nerve us on to the labor of regenerating our political structure, so as to cause it to blaze in the sight of the nations of the earth, the brightest gem in the diadem of Liberty. MISSOURI TO BE THE HOME OF.rROGRESS, TRUTH AND FAITH Henceforth Mit-isouri shall be an asylum for all nation- alities and races and peoples; the repository of wealth, and a theater for tho development of the labor and en- THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, SS terprise of the hand and spirit of Industry; and the home of free thought, free speech and a free press, where the prejudices of caste and class have no legal embodiment or political encouragement. She shall be a central mart for the interchange of the products of the North and the South, the East and the West, through the rivers of her great basin and the system of railways centering in her metropolis. She shall be a highway for the commerce of the two oceans, borne by the in- land transit lines that carry the freights between Europe and Asia. She shall proffer a secure and guarded re- ]iose to all consciences and all religious beliefs, untied by any secular control, yet upheld and encircled by a public sentiment upon which faith in God has taken a new hold from the experiences of an unparalleled na- tional preservation. THE HARMONY OF LABOR AND CAPITAL. Let it be announced that in the new era which has come, ours is to be the first of States, with the largest freedom and the widest charities. Let this be a State where, with the administration of inflexible justice, the abandonment of mere ]:)artyisms, and the domination of industrial politics, all the advances of statute law pro- gress towards combining labor and capital, rather than placing them in the cruel antagonisms of the Past; where the light of hoj^e is shut out by the fundamental law from no human being of whatever race, creed or color ; but where a free people, heeding the stroke of inevitable destiiu' on the horologe of Time in the great crisis of changeful progress, guards the right of per- mitting the position and privileges of ever}^ man to bo such as his virtues, talents, education, ])atriotism, en- ter[)rise, industry, courage or achievements may confer, upon him. THE NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION WITH US. It should be our effort to preserve harmony, in every department of the State Government, with all the measures of the National AUininistration. We have the 34 THE HAND-BOOK OF JHSSOURI. sympathy of the Federal Executive in the sufferings and losses entailed on us b}^ the war, and in our consequent intolerance of treason and rebellion. The strong hand of the General Government may be relied upon to sus- tain the patriotic, prudent and vigorous measures of un- impugncd loyalty. THE soldiers' ORPHANs' HOME. I hope an early act of the Legislature will evince an appreciation of the services of the men who, by their heroic bravery, have made the name of a Missouri soldier a proud title. While the loyal people of the State, and the soldiers themselves, testify their feeling by generous contributions for the support and education of the children of our dead heroes, their efforts should he met, if it be necessary, by liberal legislative action, even though, in order to avoid the imposition of addi- tional taxes upon our distressed people, it should have to be done at the expense of industrial interests hereto- fore aided by the State. Give the orphans of war — the children of the People — a home and a culture of mind to fit them for jsreserving the institutions in defense of which their fathers died. THE HEROES OP OUR NEIGHBORING STATES. In this connection I would call your attention to the propriety of the expression of the gratitude of Free Missouri to the loj-al men of her sister Free States who have stood beside us, and made many of our mountains, hills, valleys, jn-airies and river shores historic by their bravery in our defense. THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF LOYALTY. It is a duty to ourselves, so far as ])Ossible to put every influe:,ce, power and benefit conferred by civil and mili- tary ofHce in the State in harmony with the spirit of the principles and policy indorsed by the peo])le in the recent election ; and I must add, that for all appointments to be made by the Executive, I shall ])r(4or the men who havo served with honor in the field, in defense of the Union, TllE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 85 they j:!C)sscssiii,2: equal qualifications in all other respects with other applicants. EDUCATION. Our educational sj^stem should receive at all times the earnest cai'e and consideration of the Legislature. It must be so moulded as best to resist the inroads of war, and conserve the ends of peace. Perhaps no better foundation can bo had than the admirable Common School system now so well organized and engrafted upon our public policy. To this, however, a superstructure should bo added, different from that which has hitherto obtained. The requirements of self-defense will suggest that more attention bo given in our educational course to those departments of instruction which qualify for military service. And in devoting our energies to the means of supplying more extended knowledge to the young men of our State, it would bo well to confine the f'urnishing of such facilities to those scientific branches which may contribute most directly to the practical purposes of life, and to the immediate develop- ment of the resources of the State. There are two offices which belong to education : the first is the imparting of a clear understanding of ele- ments, and the second is the application of those elements in drill and practice. I rejoice to see that the educa- tional tendencies of the day throughout the country arc manifested in the foundation of schools for specialties of instruction — agriculture, the only firm and immutable foundation and source of a nation's greatness, receiving the lai"ge»t share of attention. I would, therefore, recommend in this connection a revision of the organization of the State University, and its transformation into two or more departments bear- ing dii-ectly upon the agricultural and mineral wealth that so abounds in our State; and that it be recast and relocated, if this shall be deemed expedient for its new design, and constituted a free academy, devoting itself to the task of gathering the statistics of our resources, to invite immigration; fui-nishing brief yet full courses of '"BSl ^THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. instrnctioTi, that rrtay fit the fiirmer for more Scientific methods of culture of the soil and advance the very important interests of horticulture; and sending forth annually hundreds of young men enlisted in bringing to light the mineral masses that vein our soil, or supei'in- tending the development of those already found. Such an institution would at once become an efficient instru- ment of progi'css, and would repay ten-fold whatever expenses might attend its inauguration and support. The militia — the true policy to be adopted. The law for the organization, government and support Hof the Militia should be so modified as to secure its adap- tability to the condition of tLo people of the State, and the greater efficiency of an arm of the service upon which we arc to rely, in the future as in the past, as an indispensable means of our security in time of evasion, and to local organizations of which we are to look as the means of ridding the State of the bands of murderers and robbei'S who are yet prowling in our forests. The right of citizenship and of a home in Missouri ought to be inseparable from the duty of assisting in its defense. No sum of money should be adequate to the purchase of the exemption of an able-bodied man from this duty. Numbers of men will not compensate for want of skill in the use of arms. The men should be so classified that one half of them may be called into service when the exigency requires it, without detriment to the ordinary and now so necessary peaceful pursuits of life. Thoi'- ough drill and discipline will render one half equal in efficiency to the whole number of imperfectly instructed and undisciplined men. RADICALISM ESSENTIAL IK OFFICERS OP THE MILITIA. The officers of the militia must be men imbued with true courage and the spirit of reaching a final result in this war, who understand the prineij>les of our Govern- ment, which require the subordination of the military to the civil authority, and who are efficient in drill and discipline. THE TTANT).*EQQK Qg MIS^QUKt." M THE- CONSTITUTIONAIi^ AMENDMEN'Ei- The amendments to the Constitution will require the erasure of the word "slave'-' from our statutes, the abo- lition of all distinctions of color in the law relating to crimes and their punishment, and the abrogation of all laws for theiQsiieriflg, and Brotfecti,Q»c qI tJi^ iaieimta-af slavery. THE DUTY OF GUAEDIlTa THE ELECTIVE- FRAKCmSEi. The act concerning elections will, it is hoped, have to be so amended as to meet the requirements of new con- stitutional provisions for guarding the palladium of our' liberties against the wily and unscrupulous approach and unsanctified touch of .alien enemies, whose handa are stained with the blood of Union men, of traitors who have alienated themselves by flight beyond the jurisdic- tion of the United States to avoid duty to the Govern- ment or escape punishment for the crime of ti'cason, and of men who have written their own infamy by enrolling themselves as in sympathy with treason and rebellion, and who have not-sincQ erase dit by the aemceaaadC-Qiu duct of patriots. More effectually to guard the ballot-box,^ law is neces- sary requiring a registration of all qualified voters in each county, and permitting only those to vote who are thus registered. Men who have by rebellion disavoAvcd allegiance to the Government, should bo permitted to regain the privileges of citizenship only through the means provided by the naturalization laws of the United States ; while to the liberty-loving foreigner, w^ho makes his home under the govci-nment of his choice, and for which he is willing to fight, liberal laws should be en- acted as soon as permitted by the letter of the State Constitution, shortening the probation cry term preced- ing his investment with the elective fli'ariQhigQ fos aU tJiQ purposes of State elections. IMMIGRATION. We should be connected^ through aa agent;, with, the 88 TflE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. Immigration Bureau, and tako the necessary measurds for the collection and publication of statistical informa- tion, not only conveying to the energetic and enterpris- ing inhabitants of the more densely populated States, as well as to those of foreign countries, a knowledge of oui? mineral wealth, of the fertility of our soil and of the cheapness of our land, but also bringing home to the7n the liacts of the adaptability of our soil and climate to tlio cultivation of the grape and the growing of fruits. TJiO wines and fruits of Missouri will be sources of incalcula- ble wealth, as has been demonstrated by our own people. The very perfection of fruits has been obtained here, and our wines are becoming the favorites wherever their excellence has been tested. Show to the immigrant the advantages we possess for wool growing, and that ho may graze upon our hills the tlotks from which may be sheared the greater jjart of the 100,000,000 pounds of wool annually imported froM foreign countries for our manufactories. Let the exhibition of samples of our hemp and tobacco attest their superiority, accompanied by facts and ligui'cs, showing the enormous rctuniS yielded by our fertile soils in these and other produc- tions. And bid them come, where the abundance of in- dustrial resources renders labor independent, and will make freedom perpetual. THE POLICY OF THIS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI. To secure the return of the Union men, who, unable to fight, have sought safety in the Free States, it is only necessary for them to know that the military policy now adopted in Arkansas and Missouri will jjrovent the return of the armies of the enemy to our soil ; that tho united action of our own people will soon free us of tho presence of the lawless depredators, who, in small bodies, 3' et infest some parts of the State ; that loj^al men will be secure in life and i)ropcrty, while traitors wanting security to either will cease to intrude their presence upon us; that the ijolic}' of the Department of the Mis- Bouri iS; unheralded, silently but effectually tQ stump THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 39 enduring peace on the State, and ere long to make the voice of the ]a\v potential in all its hitherto silent forms; and that Free Missouri, like all other Free States, will onl.y hear the distant clash of arms without interruption to the prosperity of her people. OUR RAILROAD SYSTEM. We have seven railroads, with an aggregate of 826 miles of hnishcd railroad in the State, for which we have incui-rcd liabilities amounting to §23,700,000, exclusivo of interest. The only finished railroad in the State promptly meets the interest on the three millions of bonds issued to aid its construction. All the other roads are in default of pa3-ment of interest due by them. They are amjde security for the amounts advanced to them respectively. Almost the whole debt of the State has been contracted on their account. All the interests of the State, and the attainment of the greatness to which wo aspire, are involved in their completion. If the light of events has revealed that we have committed an error in attempting to build x\p at once a whole system of rail- roads, instead of directing all our means and enei'gies first to building those most necessary to our wants, and consequently most certain to yield large net earnings, let us at once seek to correct that error. If, in the present or a changed relation of the State to them, wo cannot command tne means for their completion, and if they cannot be made to yield at least a portion of the accru- ing interest on the bonds loaned them respectively, with reasonable ])rospcct of their completion or increased net earnings, enabling them to meet the whole interest, then it will be our duty, in order to restore the credit of tho State and to save the people from burthensome taxation, to foreclose our first mortgage liens on them, and by their Bale reduce tho State debt to a sum V\-ithin our easy con- trol, and, jnuvate enterprise failing to do so, trust to our future prosperity to afford the means for their com- pletion. These important questions will be the subject of a special communication, which I shall hereafter havo occasion to make to the Genei-al Assembly. 40 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. I recommend that all charters heretofore granted to railroad com]mnies or other corporations^ and forfeited b}^ non-user, be repealed. LET NONE CUT LOYAL MEN BE EMPLOYED. I call your attention to the propriety of using all the power possessed by the General Assembly over our rail- road and other corporations, to compel the exercise of their entiro influence in favor of loyalty. I hope that every privilege and benefit accorded them u'ill be cou])lcd with the condition of forfeiture or penalty for knowingly contracting with or employing a traitor, and that the power to enforce such forfeiture or penalty ma}^ be con- ferred on the Executive. There are no degrees in loy- alty ; and whoever refuses to use all the inllucnce he is possessed of in favor of upholding the authority of the National Government, is a traitor, OUR nation's struggle. The victorious armies of the Eepublic are with deadly thrusts piercing the enemy on every side, The giant Rebellion, bleedin^^ at ever}^ pore, begins to reel and faint. Our Sherman, willi his veteran braves, stands on the Ocean's beach, gazes back at the last deep mortal wound inflicted, and waits onl}' to see if another is necessary. The legions of Grant, Butler, Sheridan, Thomas and Canby are rushing on to complete the work. The coming spring-time will bring the final blow, and amid the battlo-crj^ of l^recdom the death of the Rebellion will bo consummated, and blessed Peace once more breathe its benisons over the land. Reposing implicit reliance in that Power to which all earthly authority is subject, and assured that, if we arc true to oui'selves, a wise and just Providence will lead us up the golden stairs of a radiant Future, to the attain- ment of the high destiny clearly marked out for ua in the bestowment of our wondrous material resources, I assume the responsibilities and undertake the labors of the posi- tion assigned me by tJie too generous partiality of the citizens of my native State. As your fellow-laborer, I THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 41 claim your assistance; your confidence, your forbearance, and your sympathy. While doubtful of my own abili- ties, I 3'ct have unfaltering faith that all earnest effort to support and advance the true principles of Republican Government, as approved by the intelligence and patriot- ism of the American peo])le in the recent election, will secure mo the encouragement and engird me with the support of the loyal men of Missouri, and enable me, when my official term' shall expire, to resign back into the hands from which I receive it the trust committed to my charge, strengthened and adorned by the application of radical democratic r)rinciples. THOMAS C. FLETCHER. PUBLIC LAOT)S— THE HOMESTEAD LAW. There are nearly seven millions of acres of vacaint land in Missouri, subject to be entered under the Home- stead Act, or located with Land Warrants, Agricultural Scrip or cash. Below will be found a statement, show- ing the quantity of vacant lands in certain counties. There are also fractional tracts of forty acres or there- abouts, scattered through several other counties, not included in this list. The graduation law has been re- pealed, and the public lands are now $1 25 and $2 50 per acre, the latter price being for lands situat-ed within the six-mile limits of the railroads. Under the Homestead Law of May 20, 1862, any person coming within the fol- lowing requirements is entitled to enter land : The privileges of this law are-extended to every person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the ago of twenty-one j^ears, and is a citizen of the United States, or has declared his intention of becoming such, and who has done no disloyal act, direct or indirect. 42 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. An exception, however, to the foregoing requirement as to age is made in the sixth section of the act, in favor of any person who has served not less than fourteen days in the Army or Navy of the United States, either regu- lar or volunteer, during actual war, domestic or foreign. Any person coming within the foregoing requirements will have the right to enter one* quarter section, or a less quantity, of unappropriated public land, upon which said person may have filed a pre-emption claim, or which, at time of application, is subject to preemption at SI 25 per acre ; or eighty acres, or less, of such unappropriated lands, at §2 50 per acre. The law requires the land "to be located in one body, in conformity to the Icgp.l sub-divisions of the public lands, and after the same shall have been surveyed." Any person owning and residing on land may enter contiguous land, which, with that already owned and occupied, shall not exceed in the aggregate one hundred and sixty acres. The applicant for the benetit of the law is required by the second section to file with the Register his " a})plica- tion," which should designate the tract desired to be entered. He must also file his "affidavit," to be taken before the Eegister or Eeceiver, setting forth the facts which bring him Avithin the requirements of the law, and adding that the " application is made for his or her exclusive use and benefit, and that the said entry is made for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation, and not, either directly or indirectly, for the use or benefit of any other person or persons whomsoever." THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 43 1. The applicant will then be allowed to enter the tract applied for, by paj'ing to the Receiver the §10 fee stipu- lated in the act; and the further payment, as commissions of Eegister and Eeceiver of one j^er cent, to each upon tho cash value of the quantity of land applied for. The fourth section declares lands acquired under this act not liable for debts confci'acted prior to the issuing of the patent. PUBLIC LANDS IN MISSOURI. The following statement shows the number of acres of land subject to entry in tho several counties : BOONVILLE LAND DISTRICT. Coanties . No* of Acres • Barry r,^..^^. .354,600 Benton..,.-. 110,000 Camden 317,000 Cedar 20,000 Christian 197,000 Crawford 80,000 Dade 30,000 Dallas 135,000 Douglas 400,900 Franklin 14,000 Gasconade 6,000 Greene 30,000 Henry 4,660 Hickory 95,000 JeifersoD 2,520 Laclede ....190,000 Lawrence. 75,000 Counties Linn.... No, of Acres. ^ 1,480 Macon 7,000 Maries 27,000 McDonald 255,000 Miller 75,000 Newton 167,000 Ozark 472,300 Phelps 20,000 Folk 57,000 Pulaski.... 195,000 St. Clair 10,000 Stone 282,000 Taney 408,000 Texas 153,000 Webster 193,000 Wright 285,000 A WORD TO LAND BUYERS. This work is published for the dissemination of such information as is considered of importance to the im- migrant. Hence the writer will volunteer some advice 41 TlIE llAND-lJOOK OF MISSOURI. respecting thd purchase of property in this State. As a general principle; the man who desires to sell fixes his price much lower when ho has no purchaser in prospect than when ho has an applicant before him; for this reason, property of all kinds can generally be bought on better terms through a real estate broker or agent, than from the owner. All kinds of real estate arc more valu- able to-day than ever before in any part of this State, notwithstanding some counties have been almost de- populated — " have been tried as with fire" by the war. Loyal men and good citizens are seldom willing to sell. But persons of secession proclivities, who own land in strong Union neighborhoods — men who have been warned to leave the State for their connection with the rebellion, and in some instances those involved by debt, arc anxious to sell, and have registered their property with the real estate brokers for sale, at comparatively very low prices. Another general remark may not: bo out of place. Letters are daily received from parties who expect to get cultivated farms for from one-fourth to one-tenth their value. The cheapest farms ai"c not alwaj's the lovrest priced. Uncultivated land can bo purchased at almost any price, var^'ing from $1.50 to to 610 per acre, as to convenience to largo cities, railroad and river communication, etc. Many farms now held by real estate dealers can be had for what the improve- ments cost, with the land given in the bargain. Yet some parties are not salisliccl oven with this ! You must not come to Missouri expecting to get well culti- vated farms, with thrifty orchards, good buildings and THE HAim-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 45 improvements of all kinds, for 82 ov 63, oreven 05 per acre. But it is probable greater in duccmcnta are offered for judicious investments in Missouri, at the present timCj tliaii in any otJier portion of the United States. T A. B I. B, Exhibiting the population in 18G0, the amount of Vnenie^id Government Land, and the Minerals existing in each couvi^ in the IStata, coUi^TX'rKs, ^p 1800. ache; ADAlit ANDUKW ATCIILSOX AUDUAIN IIAKUY I'.AUTON liATES BENTON IJOLLlNGEli IJOONE BUCIIAN.VN ISUTLLK CALDWELL CALLAWAY CAMDEN CAI'E <;1RAKDEAU CAlUiOLL CAKTEU CASS CEDAR CILVIUTOX...., CillMSTIAN CLARKE CLAY CLLNXON COLE COOPER CRAWFORD DADE DALLAS DAVIE^SS DE IvALB DENT DOUGL-iis ,h90l MiV .i'OV ,r.G<)l ,7Gl|3Ji,5(X) ,S1G ,787 ,523'110,000 ,!)58!. ,404. ,918 . ,125!. 931 317,000 20,000 i'Jr^ooo (>31 734 757 002 851 442 S51 325 318 587 704 724 050 8(),66o 73r.| 3(»,0Ui) 8001135, OUO 248 101 542 •ijii 400.000 Lcarf. Coal. Copper and Lend. iutoliii, i'ii>e Clity, Fire Clay* Iron, Coal, Marb" ' Dig Cave. I i-ad, Iron. JJarble. Lead, Coal, Mounds,. Oil Spruits. Iron, Copper. Oil ^prnig- Coal. C^oal. Coal. Iron, Lead, Copper § Coal. Lead, Coal. Iron, Coal, Lead, Chouteau Sprlnga, Iron', Lead, Coi^icr, Coal. Iron, CopiKir, Coal. CopiM;r. Copper, Ii-ou, Mounds. 46 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. DUNKLDm.... FKANKLIN... GASCONADK CiENTUY GKEHN'l-: GHUNI»Y IIAKRISON... llENitY JirCKOliY.... HOLT HOW AIM) .... HO WELL IKON. JACKSON .... JASPER JEKFEUSON . JOHNS >JN IvNOX LACLEDE.... LAFAYETTE LAWRENCE . LEWIS LINCOLN.... LINN LIVINGSTON. MACON MADISON.... MARIES MAIUON McDonald MERCER JhLLEi; MISSISSIRI'I MONITEAU MONUOE MONIGOMERY MORGAN KEW JMADRID NEWTON NODAWAY OREGON OSAGE OZARK PEMISCOT PERRY PETTIS PHELPS PIKE PLATTE POLK PULA-KI PUTNAM KALLS PwVNDOLl'H.... KAY REYNOLDS.... RII'LEY ST. CHARLES. ftiT. CLAHi 14,000 6,000 30,000 Iron, Lead, Copper, Alabaster. 8tilti)etre Caves. Copper, Coal. Iron, Lead, Copper, Caves. 4,500 Iron, Coal. 95,000 Iron, Lead. Lead, Coal. 5,433 19,1GI> 6,507 8,^01 13,0,-0 1,553 4, SGI 13,71 8,77 10,412 1],3(>; 8,55, C,S3: 13,710 5,33S 15,783 4,875 3, '.KG 9,'J8u 0,(i7G 3,70J 10, -20 J 11,805 7,3G3 7,G--'4 3,880 8,liU4 5,130 3,4-28 7,G5U 4,, '^31 2,91!) 9,260 7,510 .5,097 14,105 15,119 lO.Ooo 3,835 9,209 0,154 8,8 ',8 12,050 3,200 3,G18 14,370 6/i5G 2, -"20 190,000 *7.5'6o6 1,480 "iiooo 155,000 75,000 107,000 472,300 Iron, Lead, Gold, Marble, Kaolin, Platiua, Nickel, Grauitc, Emery. Leatl, Zinc. Iron, Lead, Copper, "White Sand. Coal, Manganese. Iron, Lead, Bryce's Spring. Iron, Lead, Copper, Coal. Coal. Coal. Coal. Copper, Coal. 5 Iron, Lead, Copper, Zinc, Gold, t Silver, Tin, Nickel. Iron, Lead, Copper. Coal, Pipe Clay, Fire Clay. Lead, Caves. (slejiorted) Coal, Ii'on and Coppelrf? Lead, Iron, Coal. Le.id, Coal, Iron. Coal. Lead. Lead, Coal, CaVWi Lead, Zinc. Lead, Copper* Iron, Lead. 57,000 195,000 10,000 Iron, Lead. Lead, Iron, Coal. Iron, Lead, Coppeft, Coal. Iron, ZinC- Iron, Saltpetre, CaTeS:« Coiil. Saline Springe. Petroleum, CoaT« Iron. Iron, Lead, Copper* Coal, Oil Springa. lion. Coal. THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 4T ST. FRANCOIS,., ST. GENEVIEVE ST. LOUIS SALINB SCHUYLER , SCOTLAND , SCOTT SHANNON SHELBY STODDARD STONE SULLIVAN TANEY , TKXAS VERNON , WARREN , WASHINGTON... WAYNE WEBSTER WORTH WRIGHT 7,549 7,109 182,8.'i7 10,120 0,170 4,714 1,972 6,043 7,9'l-2 2,3(J3 9,':3:) 3,540 6,071 4,020 7,782 8,034 5,080 6,880 New. 4,440 282,000 408,000 153,000 193,000 285,000 Iron Mountain, Lead. Lead. Coal, Marble. Saline Springs, Lead* Goa). Iron. Iron, Lead, Copper, Gold» Loal. Iron . Iron, Lead, Oil Springs. Lead, Copper. JLead, Copper, Silver, Zinc, Co» I bait, Alabaster. Iron, Lead. Coal. Lead. Note . — There arc now only two Land Districts in the State, and two Land Offices — one at Boonville on the Missouri river, near the centre of the State, and the other at Ironton, on the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad. The boundaries of the Ironton District commences on the Mississidpi river, be- tween Townships 37 and 38, in Ste. Genevieve county, thence continues on that line due west till intersecting the line dividing Townshiijs 10 and 11, li. W. ; following this line due south to thr southern boundary of the State. There are 850,000 acres subject to entry in this District. All tlie vacant lands in the State, outside of the Ironton District, are subject to entry at Boon- ville; and fill tiin vacant lands subject tQ settlement undej^ tbe Homestead Xaw. TIMBEE ANI> WATER POWEE IK MISSOUEI. The broad, rich bottoms of all the streams in the State sustain a heavy growth of most excellent timber, of nearly all the useful varieties — so fully named in the description of counties in this work, that wo need not repeat them. Large areas, particularly those underlaid by sandstones, are covered by very extensive and valu- able forests of yellow pine. The growth, on the rich 48 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. soils of the State is very large, as the following measure- ment of several tre^s will show : County, Tree. Variety.: u S 1 ''■J 28 o O 18 10 30 22 m 15 18 28 43 i Hi Howard (I vStoddard... Dunklin. ... Stoddard... Pemiscot . . White oak. Grape-vine. Beech Catalpa Tupelo Elm Cypress... Sweet gum. White ash. Spanish oak •iycamore. . Fagus ferrugmea «.. Catalpa hignonioides Nyssa grandidejitata .... Ulmus Americana 100 90 120 100 C. Girard'u. {( Mississippi. Taxodium digtictium Liquidamhar Styraciflua. Traxinus Americana. . . . Quercuo falcata Platanus occidentalis 125 130 110 110 The hollow of the last named was 15 J by 13 feet in diameter. » The State Geologist eays: "Thei'o is no physical reason why St. Louis should not export several times as much lumber as she now imports. Though Bangor, Maine, exports more lumber than any city on this con- tinent, and, perhaps, more than any in the world, the the forests which supplies it are located at a greater distance, and on a stream much more impracticable than ours in Missouri." It is unnecessary to specify where good localities exist, there being scarcely a stream in the State which is not bordered by forests of excel- lent timber. The Missouri, the Osage, and all its tribu- taries, Spring river. Gasconade, Grand, Chariton, St. THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI^ 49 Francois, "White, Lamine, South, ITorth, Salt and Pabius rivers, are bordered with magnificent forests of trees, peculiar to the alluvium and upland slopes. All of those streams, save the Missouri, furnish water power and good mill sites, and even the large springs of the Niangua afford the best water power and mill sites observed in the State. But steam has unusually proved the most economical for the manufacture of lumber; as the site can be selected with greater advantage. The Inspector of the carpenter work on the gun-boats, (whose district embraces all the countiy west of the Alleghcnies,) states that he has nowhere found live-oak, so valuable for shipbuilding, that will compare with that 80 abundant in Southeastern Missouri. There are millions of acres of land in the Southern and Southeastern portion of the State, covered with a growth of yellow or hard pine, equal to that brought from other States. A few mills have been erected here and there, but there has been comparatively nothing done towards converting the pine foi'ests of those regions into lumber. In Pulaski and Texas counties, up the Piney Fork of the Gasconade — from fifteen to twenty-five miles up that stream, reaching to within two and a half miles of the railroacj crossing, are millions of acres of yellow pine forests. A few saw mills are already in opei"ation. Capitalists, by establishing planing mills on the excel- lent water power, or by steam power, near the railroad crossing of that stream, would do well. After being planed; the lumber when rafted.,dQwn tO market;i. vid. tho c 50 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. Gasconade or Missouri rivers, would not depreciate by retaining grit from the waters. Turpentine, rosin and tar can be profitably manufac- tured from the sap of our ycFow pines, and compi^nies arc already in operation at Potosi and Hopewell, with great success. It is estimated that there were about 100 barrels of turpentine, 800 barrels of rosin, and 1,900 barrels of tar sent up to St. Louis last j'car from the Missouri pineries. The prices of the articles fluctuated as follows : Turpentine $2 25 to §4 00 per gallon ; rosin $25 to $60 j^er barrel, and tar $10 to 6i7 per barrel, 'iho present quotations are : For rosin $29 ; turpentite $2 25 ; tar $12. All the turpentine received was consumed in the city ; of the rosin, probably one third was shipped up the Ohio and to other points, and of the tar, about one-fourth found market in other localities. Like manj- other sources of wealth in Missouri, our pine forests still rest in primeval solitude, waiting the hand of intelligent in- dustry and enterprise to develop their wealth and turn them to practical account. THE m^ERAX EESOURCES OF MISSOUTJ. Mineral coal has done much to promote the rapid pro- gress of the present century; commei'ce and manufac- tures could not have reached their present unprecedent- ed prosperity without its aid. And no people can expect success in ihose departments of human industrv, unless their territory furnishes an abundance of this useful THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 61 mineral. As shawn upon tho Geologicnl map, (just is- Bucd by the author of' this work) the south-eastern out- crop of the coal measures has been traced from the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the north-east corner of the State, through Clark, Lewis, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Henry, St. Clair, Bates and Vernon into the Indian Territory ; and every county on the north-west of this line is known to contain more or less coal, giving us an ai'ea of over 26,887 square miles of coal beds in that part of the State ! In many places the thickness of workable beds is over tifteen feet. Sup- ])0se we estimate the thickness of the bed, for the whole area, at only five feet. This will give 134,435,000,000 tons of good available coal in Missouri. In estimating the economical value of so vast a deposit of this most useful mineral, we should constantly bear in mind that these beds lie beneath tho soil of one of the richest agri- cultural regions on the continent, within a State whose manufacturing and commercial facilities and resources are scared}^ inferior to any, and adjacent to the Missouri Piiver, tho Pacific, tho North Missouri and the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroads. With all these advantages of location, the certainty that these coal beds can furnish 100,000,000 tons per annum for the next 1,300 years and then have enough left for a few succeeding generajions, is a fact of no small importance to tho State, and one which those who are seeking profitable land investments will not fail to notice. And the farmer or stock grower will also remember that ho pays only the ordinary pi'ice for these lands — gets a first quality of farming laud at 52 THE HAND-BOOK OP MSSOURI. very fair prices, and has beneath the soil a coal bank Vv'orth a thousand times what his land costs. Iron stands preeminent among minerals in its influ- ence upon the power and prosperity of a nation. Mis- souri possesses an inexhaustible supply of the very best ores of this metal, and has all desirable facilities for becoming the groat iron mart of the Western continent. Specular Oxide is probably the most abundant and valu- able ore in the State, and Iron Mountain, the largest mass observed, composed almost exclusively of this ore in its purest form. The height of Iron Mountain is 228 feet, and its base covei'S an area of 500 acres, which gives 1,655,280,000 cubic feet, or 230,187,875 tons of ore. There is every goelogical reason to favor the belief that this deposit extends downward indefinitely, enlarging as it descends. But on the supposition that it contains the same size, every foot of descent will give over 3,000,000 tons of ore. Each can judge for himself how deep he will bo compelled to go get enough. Pilot Knob, i bout six miles below Iron Mountain, is 581 feet above the valley at its base, and is ahnost a solid mass of iron, covering an area of 3G0 acres. The amount above the surface cannot be less than 13,972,773 tons — and it evidently far exceeds this esti- mate. There are several other "mountains" or immense masses of iron in this region, any one of ivhich, if isola- ted, would be considered inexhaustible. There is ore enough of the very best quality within a few miles of Pilot Knob and Iron ]^.Iountain, above the surdxce of the vaUeys, to track the Union Pacific Eailroad, and furnish THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 63 dho minion tons per annum of raauufactureclii'on for tlie next 200 years. Xjcad, next to iron, is probably the most abundant of all the valuable metals in the State. Our lead mines have been worked with success for more than half a cen- tury. Few or none have been exhausted, aud many are now worked with greater success than at any previous time. There are more than five hundred localities, old and new, that promise good returns to tlie miner. The Eastern Lead Region comprises a large portion of Frank- lin, Jefferson, Crawford, Phelps, Washington, Madison, St. Frangois, St. Genevieve and some parts of adjoining counties, giving an area of 5,000 square miles. 1 lie Southwestern comprises a largo portion of ISTewton and Jasper and portions of adjoining counties, comprising an area of 200 square miles. Tlie Osage Lead Region cow- tains a considerable portion of Cole, Moniteau, Morgan, Benton, Camden and Miller counties, an area of 1,000 square miles. The Southern Lead Region comprises por- tions of Taney, Christian and some territory in adjoin- ing counties — say upwards of 100 square miles. In short, we have at least 6,300 square miles, in which lead deposits in workable quantities have been found and successfully worked. And as to their richness, we need only say that old miners come from all parts of the United States and pronounce these the richest mines on this continent. Copper exists in workable quantities in Madison, Shan- non, Franklin, Dent, Crawford, Benton and Washington, and deposits of Copper have also been, found in Maries, 54 Tlia HAND-BOOK OF MISSOtJM, Greene, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps and ■Wright counties. Systemaiic milling will yield satisfac- tory results beyond a doubt. The Frederick Copper Mining Company, located one mile from Fredericktown, have a shaft upwards of one hundred feet dee[), well sup- plied with machinery, &c., are working so successfully that they intend to greatly increase their facilities this spi'ing. These are the only copper works we know of now in operation, (March, 1865.) Sulphuret of Zinc is very abundant in nearl}' all the mines of south-eastern Missouri, and in several of the south-western counties. It often occui's in masses of such size and purit}' as to impede lead mining operations. Yery little^ if anj'thing, has been done to test the value of zinc ores in this State. However, a company has recently been formed, and will commence operations in Washington county this spring on an extensive scale. The Gold deposits of Missouri must exert a controlling influence in the mining interest of the State as soon as the extent and richness of these ceposits are known. Prof. W. Hanford White, has made extensive ex- plorations to decide the auriferous Avcalth of the State. He states that in one locality visited there are several acres strewn with immense boulders of gold-bearing quartz, some in such masses as to lead the inexperienced to believe them in position. He estimates that these boulders alone exist in sufficient quantity to supply a quartz mill of the capacity often tons per day, (without any mining) for a year or more. In many specimens the gold is visible to the unassisted eye. These sped- THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOUBI. 55 mens, as well as those which were analyzed, were obtained on or near the surface. Deeming it important to establish its quality, the services of a reliable chemist and metallurgist was secured. Prof. Theodore "Weiss made ten assays, which he certified resulted as follows : In gold, at par per ton, SHI 32, §96 00, §89 60, 888 00, $60 00, $iQ 00, 841 53, $25 90, $22 40, $22 26— giving as the average of the ten assays $60 62. Prof. Weiss has made upwards of one hundred assays, several of them far exceeding the above, and some of them giving almost fabulous results. Prof, Deck, of New York city. Prof. Ililgard, and others, have made certified assaj-s which fully sustains those made by Prof. Weiss. In California and Nevada a yield of from $6 to $10 per ton is consider- ed a paying claim. The Pussell Mining Company, in North Carolina, operate ores with a profit at $2 per ton, and the Louisa Mining Company work ores yielding only $1 40 per ton, profitably. Taking the above named assays as a basis, $60 00 per ton — 20 tons per day — 300 working days per 3'eai', will give a result of $360,000 per year, or the interest at ten per cent, on $3,600,000 capital. One-half, one-quarter, or even one-eighth of the above estimate would realize an enormous profit for the capital invested in the enterprise. Any one conversant with gold mining, will at once perceive the advantages Missouri possesses over Nevada, Colorado or California. To reach the auriferous dis- tricts of the far West, a heavy outlay must bo made in supplies^*teams, provisions, etc. Weeks of travel con- sumed in crossing arid deserts, and the gold seeker is 56 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. subjected to privations, high prices, and in many cases destitution and disappointment after arriving there — issolatcd from all the rest of the world, and shut out from other business avocations. The Missouri mines are within twenty miles of railroad communication, and the same distance from the Mississippi river ; in a climate as salubrious and healthy, the year through, as any in the world; an abundant supply of pure water from springs and streams, some of which afford water power, well timbered, not subject to mining laws, or border ruffianism. (Our State law permitting operations to any extent, and the ownership of land or claims to an un- limited amount.) Another very attractive feature is that all these min_ erals exist within one hundred miles of St. Louis, w^hero all necessary machinery and supplies can be readily obtained, and taken to within twenty miles of the mines by railroad or river. The reader can readily contrast the advantages presented by Missoui-i over the mining districts of the Rocky Mountain region. Besides the iron, lead, coal, copper, gold and zinc above alluded to, we have in Missouri deposits of tin, silver, platina, cobalt, nickel, manganese, Enier}', Kaolin — in short almost every mineral of any economical value, in quantities that will pay a very handsome ])rofit. Wo have also immense quantities of granite, fire-rocks, pipc- cla}^, fire-clay, hydraltic cements, metalic paints, lime- stone, marbles, etc., etc. It ma}', with propriety, bo mentioned in this Connec- tion, that a company has been organized, and a charter THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 57 granted for building a railroad fi'om Pilot Knob to Bel- mont, opposite Columbus, K}^., which project, we trust, will bo consummated at an early day, as this new road will traverse the mineral region above described, place St. Louis and the whole State in direct railroad com- munication with all the South, through the system of Southern railroads. The building of this road will add greatly to the value of the mining interests of South- eastern jMissouri, and presents a rare opportunity for the judicious investment of capital. GRAPE CULTURE IN MISSOURI. It will be impossible in a work of this size, to devote the space to this subject which its importance demands. In the larger work, " Missouri As It Is in 18G5," the au- thor has thirty-two pages upon this subject, embracing articles from the most experienced vine-growers of the State, analysis of soils, &c., &c. Several vine dres'^ers in our State have been engaged in the cultivation of the grape during the last twelve or fourteen years. " Their success has been fully equal to their expectations; and they arc full of high hopes of the most useful and profitable results, even of entire and permanent success. Their experience in cultivating the vine has led them to the same conclusion that wo have deduced from our scientific examinations of the soil, cli- mate, and native vines, viz., that the vine can he cultivated with entire success, in /avoidable localities, in all parts of the 58 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. State.'* That poriion of Soutlioi'n Missouri, extending from NeTv'ton county in the south-west to St. Genevieve in the soutli-east, usually represented as the eastern ex- tremity of the Ozark Mountains, is in fact a table land varying from 1000 to 1,500 feet above the ocean. In the west it i- sufficiently undulating to be well drained, while in the cast it sometimes ri^es into ridges and knobs of moderate elevation. From this table land the country descends by moderate slopes in every direction. On the northern slope are the head-waters of the Sac, Pomme do Tcrre, Niangua, and Big, flowing into the Mississippi ; on the south, the waters of the St. Fran9ois, the Current, and the White with its tributaries, descending towards Arkansas; and Spring river and Shoal creek on the west- ern slope. The valleys of the numerous sti'cams which flow from this table land ai^o at first but little depressed below the genei^al level ; but the farther they descend the deeper and wider they become, until they expand into broad alluvial bottoms, bounded by bluffs moi'e or less precipi- tous. The fountains are numerous, bold and pure ; the streams clear and rapid. The surface of these table lands is undulating, with no mountains or arid plains to disturb the equable and agreeable temperature which usually prevails at that elevation under the 37th parallel of north latitude. There are no swamps or overflowed lands from which vapors and noxious exhalations can arise to render the air damp and unhealty. As these facts plainly indicate, the summers are long; tompei'ate; dry and salubrious, THE HAND-BODK OP MISSOURI. 59 and tlie ■winters short and mild. It possesses the clear, brilliant skies of Italy, and the dry, bracing air of the western pi'airies. Nearly all the soils of Missouri possess all the ingre- dients necessary to the complete development of the vine ; but some of them are too heavy, wet and cold, unless improved by artificial means. This is true to some extent of those on the bluffs of the- Mississippi and Missouri, where nearly all the vineyards of our State are located. These soils are based upon the Blutf formation, where it contains more clay and less lime than in the western counties, which possess our best soils. The soil of central and southern Missouri is all that could be desired for the culture of the grape. It con- tains an abundance of all the mineral substances which enter into the composition of the vine. While it is warm, light and dry, it contains large quantities of mag- nesia and vegetable matter, giving it great capacity for absorbing and retaining a sufficient quantity of moisture, even in the drouths of summer. The bluffs of numerous streams in southern Missouri usually slope back into knobs and ridges, which are frequently surmounted by numerous natural terraces, so regular and uniform that they appear like the work of human hands. These ter- races are produced by the decomposition of the strata of magnesian limestones which form the bluffs. They vary in height from one to six foot, and the width of the top from ton to twelve feet, according to- tho-angle -of the slope and the height of the terrace. Judging from the statistics, all our vineyards bavo 60 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. yielded an average of at least 250 gallons of wine per acre since 18-19, which at an average price of §1 GO per gallon, -would give an annual income of §400, and a yearly profit of ^300 per acre. So that the vino grower, oven in the poorest seasons, can scarcoly fail of a hand- some profit, while in good years his gains will far sur- pass those derived from any other department of hus- bandry. But'the profits of our most successful cultivators have been much greater. Mr. Poeschel, of Ilcrman, is said to have made over 400 gallons per acre for the last ten years, and an annual profit of more thaji$o00 for each acre. Such are the favorable results legitimately derived from the experience of our vino growers in their early efforts in a new country. All must admit that they ai*e satisfactory. Even if no more improvements are made in the modes of culture, and no more favorable localities are obtained, grape culture must increase very rapidly, and become an important element in the agricultural and commercial interests of Missouri. France has about 5,000,000 acres in vineyards, which yield 925,000,000 gallons of wine, besides the 95,000,000 distilled into brandy, and give profitable employment to 2,000,000 of people, mostly women and children. In cen- tral and southern Missouri we have at least fifteen millions of acres where the soil and climate are favoroble to grape culture. Of these, at least 5,000,000 acres might be se- lected in the most desirable localities and devoted to vineyards, without in the least enci'oaching upon the lands most desirable for other departments of agricul- THE IIAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 61 turo. And, so fax* as we can judcjc from the character- istics of soil and climate, and the indications of the native vines, these 5,000,000 acres in tlie liighlands of Bouthern Missonri present rare inducements to tlie vine- dresser — such a combination of favorable circumstances as will not fail to atti'act the attention of those who Avoukl eni;-ai^e in this most pleasant and profitable de- partment of hasbundry. PRAIEIE FAE:MESrGJ IN NORTHERN I\IISSOtniI. The natural advantages of Northern Missouri, arc thus stated by the Land Commissioner of the Ilaunibal and St. Joseph railroad, in a recent publication : " The natural advantages of Northern Missouri are numerous, arising principally from its peculiar geo- graphical position. It is in the centre of the continent, midway between the Atlantic and Pacific, and also in the middle of the Mississippi Yallcy, giving it an un- equalled inland navigation and a direct water borne transit with the commerce of the world. In a healthy latitude, it is adapted to a greater variety of products than lands either nortJi or south of it ; and its position is such as to command all the advantages of either northern, eastern, southern or western markets. It has a mild climate, short winters, healthy and pleasant sum- mers, a rich and very productive soil, with pure water, wood, timber, superior coal, rock, hydraulic limestone, clays and sand, all in abundance, and conveniently in- 62 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. terspersed through a country principally prairie, and some of the richest alluvial bottom lands. These great natural advantages are increased in value very material- ly by the completion of the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad, and its telegraph lines, through its entire width from east to west, from Ilannibal on the Mississippi, to St. Joseph on the Missouri river, making a 206 mile link in the chain of trunk lines spanning this continent, evidently sooner to be completed than any other, from its western terminus at St. Joseph to Pike's Peak and thence to San Francisco. "Prairie farming is very different from the common mode of farming in the more northern and eastern States, and when the difference is correctly understood, a decided preference must be felt in favor of the former. The difference stated plainly, and in direct contrast, is, that in New England it is hard, slow, contracted and expensive, whereas, in Northern Missouri, it is easy, quick, extensive and cheap. In proof of this, let facts be considered. To open a new farm in the northern and oastera States, the axe is the first and principal implement need- ed, and a laborious and diligent use of it is required to prepare a few aci'es for cultivation. It is Iho slow, Mmited and expensive work of a whole life or genera- tion, to remove the heavy primitive forest from the land, even for an ordinary sized farm, and when finally in old age, it is brought to a subdued and proper pro- ducing state, its comparatively thin soil, yields but mea- gre crops, Avhich a small contracted crib or granary will THE HAKD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 63 be ample to contain. With manuring and skillful till- age, rigid economy and untiring industry, thi'ift and prosperity in a limited degree is secured. Now, how otherwise is it on the rich prairies of Northern Missouri '( The first implement needed is tho plow, to turn under the primitive sod, to break up a very deep, rich and inexhaustible soil, upon any number of acres desired, ready at once for the seed which will spring up and bring forth in such abundance ordinarily, that it is impracticable to gather and store in cribs or granaries. Other, easier, common and equally judicious means are adopted and combined to realize the value of abundant crops. Wheat is threshed in the field with improved and labor saving machinery, sold or shipped to market at once, or else gathered in stacks or ricks. Corn, in this climate, can stand without injury, to be gathered at will j or it is common to tui-n into it a given number of cattle and swine per acre to fatten for a ready market, and thus gather in gold, its convenient and more portable value — an easy and cheap operation. The full advantage of improved agricultural imple- ments and labor saving machinery is realized at once on new prairie farms. In showing whj^ this is so, it will appear why it cannot be so in any country like New England. Native and inexhaustibleTichness of prairie soil, great scope of natural formations of extensive regions with uniform eveness of surface, perfect freedom from all obstructing roots, stumps, or stones, make it practical to sow and plant any number of praiiie acres desired, 64 THE HAND-BOOK OF mSSOURI. cut with reapers, and thresh Avith horse or steam power in the ticld, or gather in stacks or shoclcs to feed without removing, or to store and ship at will. Where, but in such a country, is it possible to count a thousand stacks of wheat from a single commanding " divide" or high wave-like roll ? Or where else can 25,000 acres of corn bo seen in one view by a railroad passenger in his seat as he rushes through its midst on cither hand ? Or where else could twenty-four crops of corn be taken from the same land in succession without manure, and the last a splendid crop ? And where else will farmers tell of producing peaches at the rate of 5,000 bushels per acre ? (8eo advertisement of Hannibal and St. Joseph Eail- road Company lands, in back part of this work.) STOCK EAISING. According to the census of 1860, Missouri ranked as the sixth stock-producing State in the Union — having §53,093,673 worth. Her climate, extensive prairie and timber ranges, and her location, entitle her to rank as one of the fii-st. For years to come thousands of acres of excellent gi'azing land will bo open for the free u.o of those who locate contiguous thereto j and as there are seasons and circumstances which may combine to pro- duce a failure of various crops, in every climate, stock- raising, combined with farming, has gi-eater advantages, less hazard and more certain profit than any one bran THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 65 of farming. Local facilities and advantages will dictate the degree of attention and means it is expedient to devote to each branch. Horses, cattle, muleS; sheep and swine are now scarce throughout the Stati?, (having bean sold, during the war, at high prices), and the de- mand will be very great for years to come. The broad prairies furnish excellent grazing for the long, salubrious summers; and the winters are so short and mild that but little feeding is necessary. The custom of the coun- try is to enter in and occupy with herds, droves and flocks with perfect freedom, and to cut all the prairie hay desired without other cost or charge than cutting and stacking, which is usually one dollar per ton, by using the improved mowers. To do this is not tres- passing upon the rights of others. To cut timber from unoccupied land would be illegal and wrong, but it is otherwise with the prairie grass, which if not saved, decays or is burned. So that the non-resident owner can hav^e no objection to its being used or saved by others. So one or tw^o hundred tons of excellent hay can be easily and cheaply obtained. The actual extent and value of this practical gratuity is immense and must be seen to be appreciated. When seen from one of the many stand points easily found, commanding in a single view an area of a hundred thousand acres of very superior land, capable of being used at once to produce tood and clothing for the needy, the painful idea arises that such great resources I'cmain idle within three days travel of all our Atlantic seaboards cities and towns, crowded witli a surplus population, whose sharp com- 66 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. petition depreciates the value of their labor, and on the other hand advances the ])rice of all the necessaries of life beyond the abilitj^ of many to procure — thus demon- strating that the proportion of consumers to the pro- ducerS; is much greater than it should be. When such an ample remedy is within reach, how long such a state of things shall continue is for the wise and prudent to determine. SUGAE MAiaiS^G. The history of the introduction of the Chinese and African sugar canes into the United States, and the as- tonishing success of the enterprise, is well known to many of our readers. In compliance with resolution adopted hy the U. S. Agricultural Society, in ^yashington, January, 1857, suf- ficient Sorgo seed was imported from France, and dis- tributed throughout the Union, to ])lant 100 acres. The remarkable result of this importation is reported to Con- gross, b}^ Hon. J, Holt, Commissioner of Patents, in Pat- ent Office Reports for 1858 as follows : " The experiments with the Chinese sugar cane have proved emit ently successful throughout portions of the Southern, Middle and Western States, 100,000 acres by estimate, having been occujjied with it the past season, attended with at least a net profit of $2,000^000, in fodder, sugar, and eyrup, and other economical use." It grows from G to 18 feet high; produces of Btripod THE HAITD-BOOk OF feSSOURI. 67 green stalks from ten to ibrty tons per acre; juice is 50 percent, of weight'; 150 to 400 gallons syrup; five to nine ]ier cent, pure alcfeohol ; 13 to 16 per cent, dry sacchai'inc matter, 9 to 11 per cent, of which is crystal- ized sugar,; and 15 to 60 bushels of seed per acre. In the Middle land "Western States, if the seed is sown early in May, two crops can be raised from the same roots in the season. It is considered by many, superior to any Eng- lish grass as forage. An acre will produce provender for stock equal to 200 bushels of corn. It is a whole- some, nutritious and economical food for animals, all parts of it being greedily devoured in a green or dry state by horses, mules, catlle, sheep, poultry and swine, without injurious effects; the latter fattening upon it equally as Avell as upon corn. Paper of various qualities has been manufactured from the fibrous parts of the stalk, some of which appear to be peculiarly fitted for special use, such as bank notes, wrapping paper, &c. An extensive paper mill is now in course of erection, on the Mississippi just below St. Louis, where the stalks can be readily sold for manufac- turing paper, for which under the new process of disin- tegrating fibre, the stalks arc peculiarly adapted. And the success of crystalizing the juice is no longer a doubt- ful question. Chemical tests have fully and satisfactofi^ ly solved and put that at rest. Science has demonstra-l ted that " Crystalized sugar can be oxti-actcd similar in ever}' respect to that made from the cane of the tropics,'^, and that ^^ the stalk contains erystalizablo sugar, without furnishing a greater quantity of molasses than tho trop- ical cane." 08 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOORt. Tho soil, climate, geographical range and cost of cul- ture is the same as Indian corn, but it stands cold, resists frv-^st and drouth better. The seed ripens in October in the Middle and Southern States, when planted as late as June 20th. The soil, climate, and past experience, all indicate that Missouri is well adapted for the profitable culture of either variety of the cane. RAILWAYS IN :\iI3S0TTUI. The R_ystem of trunk lines projected in Missouri, when completed, will form a nct-vv^ork, which, with the branch lines, v\d]l traverse every portion of the State. Since, in this great Hailway Era, speed in transit is the de- sideratum, and as it has been clearly demonstrated that Railways are tho most successful civilizers, as well as the greatest producers of business, it becomes Missouri to maintain her position among her sister States, by multiplying these iron arteries of commerce. By reference to the Township map, and also to the dcscrij)tion of counties in this work, the reader will ob- serve that these i-ailroad lines are j.-rojected through the n^ost populous and wealthy counties in the Stale — coun ties, some of which possess inexhaustible beds of mineral wealth, and others that are well settled by farmers, whose industiy and presevei'cncc are exhibited by the superior manner in which they cultivate their broad, fcn-tilo field-;, and the abundant yield they gather as a reward. These artificial channels arc much needed for THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 69 the transportation of our valuable homo products to a reliable market; and none but those who ai-e fomiliar Avith ihe capabilities of the State and of its unparalleled mineral and agricultural wealth, can form an adequate estimate of the immense treasures which lie hidden in the earth. Some of the finest portions of the State are yet comparatively undeveloped, and, indeed, almost un- known, because of their remoteness from any great thoroughfare. Few poi'tions of the West are more pro- ductive, or possess better water, or a more genial climate than Southwestern Missouri, not merely in agricultural lands, but in lead, marble*) coal, petroleum, etc. All these now remain undeveloped because of the expense and delay attended with taking these product g to market. For stock-growing also, this is one of the finest portions of the West; yet, owing to its present isolated position, the population is- sparse, and will con- tinue so, until facilities are afforded for the transporta- tion of their agricultural and mineral productions to market. One of the immutable laws of trade, is that where the demand is greater than the supply, the price of the article is enhanced, and the improved facilities for intercourse bring to our very doors the markets of the extreme eastern and southern borders of our coun- try. The Governor and our present Legislature earnest- ly favor the completion of our railroads, and the build- ing of other roads when the wants of the country require them. At the last session of the Legislature, laws wero passed providing for the comjjletion of the Pacific Rail- road to Kansas Citj^ — of the North Missouri Kailroad to 70 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. the Iowa State Line j for the erection of a first-class railroad bridge, over the Missouri river, at St. Charles; for the construction of the West Branch of the North Missouri railroad, from Allen or Eenick to Kansas City or St. Joseph, and a companj^ chartei^ed for building the Southeast Missouri railroad from Pilot Knob to Bel- mont, opposite Columbus, Ky. What are the claims and prospects of these improvements ? When the px-esent gap, (about forty miles), is finished there will be uninterrupted communication over the Pacific Railroad of Missouri, between all parts of the East and Kansas City, thence over the Uiuon Pacific railroad, already running to Lawrence, Kansas. This work will be done early in June, and is of incalculable importance to the Western part of the State. The extension of the North Missouri railroad to the Iowa State Line, will not only drain a ver}' rich portion of the State, but the road will there be mot by our Iowa friends, who are eager to connect with us, and will have a line completed through the famous DesMoines valley, thus vastly increasing the business and resoui*ces of tha North Missouri railroad, and securing to St. Louis a trade which legitimately belongs to her, and- which has long sought an outlet in this direction. The construction of the Western Branch of the North Missouri railroad, will drain one of the richest portions of Missouri and accomodate a great amount of travel and traffic, which is now diverted to other States, and which will make this a paying road. This road will probably be completed to Brunswick during this season. THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. Tl The bridge over the Missouri river at St. Charles should be of wrought iron, and of the most approved kind — the Bollman pattern, for instance. The present charges incurred by the company in the tedious ferry- ing of freight and passengers is greater than the interest on the money required to build the proposed bridge. This is a very important project and will probably bo carried forward the pi'csent season. The completion of Southwest Branch of the Pacific railroad is of vast importance to the region now so re- mote from all railroad and river communication, and has been deemed of vital importance as " a military necessit}^." It is probable the Government has expend- ed more than enough, for transportation, since the be- ginning of the war, to have paid for the completion of this road. A large district of country, rich in agricul- tural and mineral capabilities, waits to be deviloped by the completion of this route. The Southeast Missouri Railroad Company, incorpor- ated by the last Legislature, contemplate the construc- tion of a road from the present terminus of the Iron Mountain railroad, at Pilot Knob, to Belmont, opposite Columbus, Ivy. Traversing the famous mineral region of Southeast Missouri, striking the Mississippi river below the freezing point, and connecting St. Louis and the North with the entiro system of Southern raih'oads — this is an important lino, and will prove one of the most popular and profitable North and South lines in the \Ycst. While our prairies and valleys continue fertile, while 72 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. our mountains of iron and inexhaustible lead deposits exist, the exports of home products from this State to Eastern and Western markets, must be immense, hence the importance of hastening the completion of these great commercial arteries of our State. "We trust the day is not far distant when the more im- portant of these roads will be completed, bringing every portion of the State within a days' travel of the Father of Waters, and of the city of St. Louis. When the shrill neigh of the iron horse shall be heard in the most remote corners of the State, and when the rattle of his tread shall reverberate along the frontier, with thous- ands of intelligent and industrious settlers following in his wake, who shall " make the wilderness to blossom as the rose.'' RAILWAY DISTAl^CES. Below Tvill be found tables of distances on all the Uail- ways in operation in the State : PACIFIC RAILROAD OF MISSOURI. Stations. Miles. St. Louis, 7th st « 14th Bt Cheltenham 5 ]jaclede 8 AVebster 10 KirlvAvood 18 Barret fc's J Moramac. 19 stations. Miles. Gasconade -. 88 Chamois llO St. Aubeii 105 L'Ours Creek li,9 Bonnot's 31111 112 Osago 117 Jefferson City 125 Scott 132 THE HAND-BOOK OF JUSSOURI. 73 stations. Miles. Gravel Switch 22 St. Paul 24 Gravel Switch .25 Gleucoe , 2G Waldstein Switch 2S Eureka 30 Allcnton 32 Dozier Switch 34 Franklin 37 Gray's Summit 41 Labadie 44 vSouth Point 52 Washington 54 Newport G2 Miller's Landing G7 Berger 75 Hermann 81 Stations. Miles. Lookout 140 California 150 Tipton 163' Syracuse 168 Otteiwille 176 Smithville 181J Sedalia 189 Dresden 196 Knobnoster 203 Warrensburgh 218 Holden 233 Krigsville 237 i^leasant Hill 249 Lee's Summit 261 Independence 274 Kansas City 283 This road will be completed to Kansas City early in the summer, probablj' by the 1st of Ju!}-. From Kansas City to Lawrence, Kansas, the Union Pacific is in oper- ation, and being pushed forward vigorously. SOUTHWEST BRANCH OF PACIFIC RAILROAD. Miles. Franklin ,... . . . . . Cata wissa 4 J Cakie_y GJ- Mosellc Ill St. Clair 18 Staunton 28 Sullivan. ^..33| Miles. Bourbon , , . .40 Harrison 4.' J- Cuba , .60 • Knobview GOJ St. James.". 66 Dillon ...71 EoUa. 76i 74 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. NORTH MISSOURI RAILROAD. Miles. Stations. MUps. St. Louis 304 4 Bellefontaine 300 6 Jennings 298 9 Ferguson 295 11 Graham 293 13 Eridgton..: 291 IG vSection 16 288 19 Ferry Landing 285 20 St. Charles! 284 29 Dardenne 275 33 O'Fallon 271 37 Perruque 2G7 42 Wentzville 262 48 Millville 256 51 Wright's 253 57 Warrenton- 247 67 Jonesburg 237 72 High Hill 232 76 Florence 228 81 Montgomery 223 89 Wellsburg 215 94 Martinsburg 210 100 Jcffstown 204 Miles. 107 121 129 139 146 15T 168 173 177 192 198 202 207 228 233 stations. MUee. 254 269 275 283 292 304 Mexieo 197 Centralia 183 Sturgeon 175 Eenick 165 Allen 158 Jacksonville 147 Hudson 136 Bevier 131 Callao 127 Bucklin 112 St. Catharine 106 Brookficld 102 Laclede 97 Chillicothes 76 Utica 71 Breckcnridge Hamilton 50 Cameron 35 Osborn 29 Stewartsville 21 Easton 12 St, Joseph* IRON MOUNTAIN RAILWxVY. Miles. Stations. Miles . St. Louis 86 1 Lami Street 85 6 Carondelet 80 8 Ivor3"'8 78 10 Jefferson Barracks... 77 14 Grimsley's 72 18 Jefferson 68 21 Kiramswick 65 21 Windsor Harbor 65 23 Sulphur Snrin-s 63 26 Illinois...'....'. GO Pcevly , 59 27 30 Porinos 56 Miles. Stations. Miles. 35 Hematite ^. .51 39 Victoria 47 42 Do Soto 44 47 Tunnel 39 50 BlackwcU's 36 57 Cadet 29 01 Mineral Point 25 65 Hopewell 21 69 Irondale 17 74 Blairsvillc 12 51 Iron iloiuUaiu G 83 Middle Brook 3 86 Pilot Knob THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 75 HANNIBAL AND ST. JOBSPH RAILROAD. Miles. Stations. Miles. Hannibal 200 10 Barkley..... 196 14 Palmyra 192 30 Monroe..... .176 37 Ilunnewell 1C9 47 Shelbina 159 69 Clcircnco 147 C7 Carbon 139 Hudson 135 Bcvier 131 79 Callao 127 94 Bucklin 112 70 75 Miles. Stations- Miles.' 100 St. Calharine 106 104 Brookfield 102 109 Laclede 97 130 Chillicothe 76 135 Utica 71 145 Brcckenridge 61 156 Hamilton 50 171 Cameron 35 177 Osborn 29 185 Stewartsville 21 194 Easton 12 206 St. Joseph The Platfe County Eailroad is in operation from St. Joseph through Halls, Eushville, Winthrop, Sugar Creek; Atchison, latan, to Weston. Distance, 37 miles. CAIRO AND EULTON RAILROAD. Miles. Stations. Miles, Cairo 37 1 Bird's Point, Mo 36 4 Atcher's 33 6 Harrison's 31 8 Fish Lake 29 13 Charleston... 24 18 Bertrand 19 Miles. Stations. Miles. 20 Scoville 17 24 Vannoy 13 liO SiKESTOWN 11 31 Hamilton., 6 33 Little Pviver 4 37 BUFEINGTON.. DISTANCE FKOM ST. LOUIS TO SIOUX CITY. Stations. Miles. Mouth Missouri River 20 BcUefountaine Bend 5 25 Charbonier 10 35 St. Charles 10 45 Howard Bend 12 57 Howell's Ferry 5 G2 Dozier's 5 67 Tavern Eock 2 69 St. Albans 1 70 Murdock's "Woodyard S 73 Augusta $ 7G Jones Point 2 78 South Point 4 82 Stations. MUes. LIBERTY 7 436 WAYNE CITY 7 443 Randolph 8 451 KANSAS 6 457 Kansas River 2 459 PARKVILLE 13 472 Little Platte River 1 473 Van Rankins IG 489 LEAVENWORTH.^... 8 497 Platte Citv Landing 3 502 WESTON 4 506 Kickapoo 7 512 ATCHISON 20 532 76 THE UAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. Stations. Miles. "Washington 1 83 St. John's Island 4 87 Newport Landing 2 89 Ileatiierley's Woodyard. 8 97 Miller's Landing 1 98 I'iiikney and Griswold's. 3 101 EatGs' Woodyard 10 111 Hermann 10 121 Mouth Gasconade 8 129 Moiining's Landing 2 131 Portland 10 141 Fisher's Woodyard 5 14G St. Aubert 5 151 Mouth Osage 13 IGl Mouth Morcau 5 lUO JEFFEFvSON CITY 5 17-1 Claysville 7 181 Marion 10 101 Eureka Landing 5 I'JiJ Martin's Landing 2 IDS Nashville ." 7 205 Providence 2 2o7 Mount Vernon 5 212 Eochcport 8 220 BOONVILLE 12 232 Mouth Lamine 8 210 Arrow Hock 8 213 Little Arrow Eock 7 2j5 BluP; Port 231 GLASGOW 4 2G5 Cambridge 9 274 Ke^^tesville Lauding 10 284 Jkickhorn Point.... 8 ^92 P,EUMSWICK 8 300 (irand I'dvcr 1 301 Windsor City 7 303 MIAMI 7 315 Thomas' Wood Yard ti 321 Hiirs Landing 20 341 St. Thomas and Waverly 5 346 Dover Landing 13 350 LEXINGTON 12 371 Eariuville Landing 1 372 Wellington 7 379 Camlen 10 389 Napoleon 8 307 Cogswell's Landing 5 402 Sibley 5 407 Eichiield 14 421 El Paso Landing 8 429 Stations. Miles. Columbus Landing G .550 Maysville G 556 Hart's Landing 10 5G6 ST. JOSEPH 25 581 Bellemont.(St'mFerry) 4 585 Vonton 4 589 Savannah Landing 10 599 Sultan 3 G03 Dallas 10 613 Lower Oregon 12 G25 Iowa Point 7 632 Upper Oregon 1 633 White Cloud 10 643 Big Nimcha 10 653 Eush Bottom 10 663 Marietta 10 673 St. Stephens 2 675 Lowell 5 680 ITemmes 1 681 San Dcroine 8 689 Morgan Island 5 694 Nimcha City 2 698 Eockport 6 702 Brownsville 2 704 Sun Island 5 709 Sonora 1 710 Linden 15 725 Sidney Landing 1 726 NE BE ASK A CITY.... 18 734 Wyoming 11 755 Kenosha 20 775 EOCK BLUFF 10 785 Bethleham 6 791 Phittsmouth 1 792 LaPlatte 7 799 St. Mary's 6 805 Belleview 811 Council Blufls, lower.... 7 818 COUNCIL BLUFFS...10 828 OMxVHA CITY 2 830 Florence 10 840 Crescent City 10 840 DeSoto 40 880 ToKamah 35 915 Little Sioux 10 925 Decatur 35 960 Black Bird Hills SO 990 Omadi 30 1020 Sargent's Bluffs K) 1030 SIOUX CITY 20 1050 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 77 lABLE OF DISTANCES FEOM ST. LOUIS TO NEW ORLEANS. Statfons. Miles. From St. Louis to Jefferson Barracks 12 Herculaneum, ...., SO Selma, 8G Ste. Genevieve, 59 Kaskaskia Landing, ... 65 M'th Kaskaskia liiver, 80 Chester, 84 Grand Tower, 130 Bainbridge 140 Cape Girardeau, 156 Commerce, 172 CAIKO, 207 COLUMBUS, 225 Mills' Point, .....240 New Madrid, 282 Island II, 287 Needbam's Cat-off, 341 Plumb Point, 361 Fulton, 371 Mouth of Hatchee,......377 KandoipV........ 382 stations* "HileS. MEMPHIS/..,-.-... 447 Commerce ..487 Helena, 532 Napoleon, 642 Gaines' Landing, 682 Columbia, , 702 Greenville, 714 Port Worthington, 744 Grand Lake, 749 Ashton, 764 Lake Providence, 774 Miliken's Bend, 824 A^ICKSBURG, ...., 849 Grand Gulf,. ....899 Eodney, 917 NATCHEZ, 977 iMouth Pted Eiver, 1037 Bayou Sara, ,...,1077 Baton Rouge, 1113 Plaqemino, 4137 NEW ORLEANS, ,....1247 RITER DISTANCES [FROM SAINT LOUIS TO SAINT PAUI., ■Regular Passenger Packets are running from an points to St. Lonis. JB^- The railroad crossings and railroad termini am designated by italic letters, referring to marginal notes. 7^ THE IIAOT)-BbOK OF MISSOURI:, Miles. a St. L0Ui5.r«..-r»«» Alton 25 Jersey Landing... .10 35 Grafton 4 39 Mason's Landing. « 2 41 Milan 8 49 Johnson's Land'g. 3 52 Capau de Gris....„.15 C7 Worthington's Landing .«„.10 77 Hamburg.. 10 87 Clarksvifle 15 102 Louisiana 12 114 Scott's Landing,... 6 120 Cincinnati 10 130 Saverton 8 138 b Hannibal 7 145 Marion City 12 157 c Quincy 9 166 La Grange 10 176 Canton 7 183 Tully 1 184 Gregory's Land'g...l2 196 Alexandria & War- saw 6 202 d Keokuk & Hamil- ton 5 207 Nashville 8 215 e Montrose 4 219 Galcna...,„. .««... .IS 442 m Dubuque and Dunleith ^,25 4^67 Weira Landing. «. 12 479 Waupaton 8 487 Buena Vista.„.... 6 492 Cassville 5 497 Guttenberg .10 507 Clayton ^12 519 Wyalusing 4, 623 n McGregor's Land- ing .7 530 Prairie du Chien... 3 533 EedHouso 4 537 Johnson's Land'g. 2 539 Lynxville.. 14 553 Lafayette 10 '563 Columbus.... »....-. .4 2 665 Lansing .;.».».-......, 2 667 DeSoto 6 ■573 Victory 6 579 Warner's Landing.l2 .591 Brownsville 8 599 7^ La Crosse 12 611 Manton 3 614 Dacotah 9 623 Hammond's Land- intr 2 625 a Chicago aud St. Louis, TerreHautfe, Alton and St. Louis, and Ohio and Miss. K. 1;. cast; North Mo., north ; Iron M'tw soutlii I'aciiic west; aud S. W. Branch of I'aciJic, south-west. b Gt. western aud Wabash Valley K. U. east; Hanniljal aud St. Joseph R,R, west. c Chicago, Bur'land QuiucyK. R. east; IT. and St. Joseph R. R. toest. d Keokuk, Mt. Pl't aud ^uiscatine R. R. north; Keokuk aud Min. R.R. west. e Keokuk, Ft. DesMoines R. R. south to Keokuk. m Ul. Central R.R. south and east; Uubuque and Sioux City B.Swcsfj'Srtf* 364 Port Byron and, / Parkhurst , 1 365 Princeton . 3 368 Cordova .....„..„..., 1 869 Camanche 10 879 Albany 2 881 i Clinton 6 386 A' Fulton City and, Lyons .,. 5 S89 Sabula .......18 407 / Savannah, 2 409 Huntsville ....13 421 Belle view.,,.,.,, 8 429 641 642 681 688 CatTin,„i„i,tv.,,,. 3 628 Richmond..,., ^„; 1 629 Trempelean,,,,,,, 6 634 Lamoile ,.,,, 2 636 Homer ,.,....... 5 Minneoush ..,.„.,,« 1 ^Winona........... 6 647 Wild's Livnding.... 5 652 Mountain City..,.,, 5 657 Mount Vernon.... 10 667 Minneiska ,««.. S^ 670 West Newton „ 5 675 Alma 8 Wabashaw 8 Nelson 8 Landing. 2 690 Pepin 2^ 692 N.Pepin, Johnstown, ' Lake Citj", Central Point, Florence, New- han. Well's Landing, and Harrisburg, all on Lake Pepin Wacouta.. 22 ' 714 Redwing 6 720 Diamond Bluff 12 732 Point Prescott...,..12 744 Point Douglass....^. 1 745 Hastings „. 2 747 Pine Bend ......12 759 Red-Rock « 7 766 Caposia 3 769 r St. Paul«. ,.,.. 6) 775 / Chicapro, Bur'l and Quincy R. R. east; Bur'l and Mo. River R. B, VhUtt Keokuk and Carthage li.R. east. g S. W. Branch Miss and Mo. K.R. west, h C. and ii I. U.K. east ; Miss, and JNlo. R.'S,,1JKSt, i Chicago, Iowa and Nebraska ii.ll. west. k Iowa Div., Galena and Chicago BJi. east'i I Racine and Miss. K.R. east. 9 VVmona and St. Peters R.K. wcsf. ^. * Minnesota and Pacific roest } St. Paurftnd ST. JfMthonyncrTw, 80 THE HAND-BOOK OF MLSSOURI. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTIES. ADAIR COUNTY. This coimty i? situated in the north-western portion of the State, and has an area of about G30 square miles. The county emJbraces a desirable division of prairie and timber land. The prairies extend through the county in a north and soutJi direction; upon a " divide" between Chariton and Salt rivers. These streams and their tributaries are well timbered. Bituminous coal, and limestone and sandstone for building purposes are abun- dant. The soils are fertile, and well adapted to all pur- poses of the farmer or stock grower, "When the North Missouri is completed, as it will be at no very distant day, it will give the farmers and manu- facturers a ready market at their very doors, and wo anticipate a rapid growth in wealth and importance, of every county along its line. ANDREW COUNTY Is bounded on the west by the Missouri and Nodaway rivers, on the south by Buchanan, and separated from the Iowa line by Nodaway county. The land is fertile and rolling — more timber than prairie. The average product of farms, is, of hemp, 600 to 1000 lbs. per acre ; corn 100 bushels; wheat 40; oats 30; buckwheat 50 ; potatoes, onions and beets, immense crops ; grapes flour- ish finely, producing 600 to 800 gallons of wine to the acre ; good yields of all > kinds of grasses, and most va- rieties of fruit. Unimproved land is held at from §2 to §G per acre, and ijnproved farms at from §15 to $50 — THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURr. 81 in rara instances property can bo purchased at lower fig- ures. Water power hii3 boon iaii^roved; and isin. uac on the Ono-hiindrod and 'Ihvo, the Piatto and Nodaway. Savannah, the county scat, is nvo miles from the Mis- souri rivor, and twelve miles from St. Joseph. ATCHINSON COUNTY I9 situated in the extreme north-western part of the State, This is a new county — first settled in IS-iO, and in 18G0 had 40153 inhabitants. About one-half of the county is level and undulatinj^, and the other half some- what broken — couimonlj^ calling ^'Tolling" land. Tho soil is fertile and Avell adapted to farming and grazing purposes. Corn, wheat, oats, hemp, and tobacco, are the ]nuncipal products. Farmers and mechanics are greatly needed, land is cheap, good water power, unim- proved upon the Nishnabotana, Tarkeo, and Eock Creek. Facilities Jlbr reaching market are offered by the Mis- souri river, which washes tho A'festern border of tho county, and the St. Joseph and Council Bluifs' railroad in course of construction, which will traverse tho county. See statistical taUes for population; amount of unentered land, &c. AUDRAIN COUNTY Is situated north from the centre of the State, and em- braces an area of GSO square miles. The face of tho country is generally rich, undulating prairie, inter- Bpepsed with timber — about three-fourths being prairie. Being on the high lands, or " divide" between the Mis- sissippi and the Missouri, the climate is liealthy, and the g2 THE HAXD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. numerous streams rnnning north, south and east, furnish a good supiily of water, Tho soil is well adapted to the growth of grasses of all kinds, oats and eorn — hence is favorable for stock-growing. All kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables raised here, and farmers will find excellent land, favorably located, at low prices, and a good demand for all kinds of produce. The county is traversed by the North Missouri railroad, affording good facilities for reaching market. Manufactories of woolen goods, farming utensils, carriages, wagons, &c., could bo established at Mexico, the county seat, profitably. Tho country trade from Mexico extends 25 miles in every direction. BARRY COUNTY. This county is situated in the south-west corner of the State. The land is generally undulating and fertile, with a good division of prairie and timber. Great in- ducements are hei*e offered to those wishing to engage in farming, mining, manufacturing or stock raising. There are few counties in the State where each of tho above branches of industry can be prosecuted more suc- cessfully. All kinds of grain, fruit and vegetables do well and return an abundant yield. Tho great draw- back to this section is the want of an outlet to market, but the day is not very distant, when the south-western branch of the Pacific railroad will be completed. Tho northern part of the county is well supplied with good building material, and lead ore in considerable quantities have been found. Mines opened in town. 25, ranse 25, with success. THE HAND-BOOK OJ MlSSOUfil. 83 BARTON COUNTY. Is situated on tho western boundary of the State. It is generally high table kinds, level enough for agricultural purposes, but well drained. Tho land is principally prai« rie, interspersed with extensive groves of timber, con- sisting of linn, hickory, oak, locust, walnut, sycamore, cedar, cottonwood and elm, of which there will bo suf- ficient for all practical purposes. The gravelly ridges are admirably adapted to fruit culture. Coal is abundant in many parts of tho county, and several beds havo been opened and worked with success. Limestone and sandstone, clays and sands for building are very abun- dant. Tho county is in a prosperous condition, and presents great inducements to stock growers. BATES COUNTY Is on the western boundary of the State, near the middle on a north and south line. Tho territory now embraced within this county was first settled by Missionaries sent out by the American Board of Foreign Missions in 1818, and " Harmony Mission," where their school and church was located, is shown upon many of tho older maps. (For a full history of the operations of thia mission, seo "Missouri As It Is," in 1865, page 184.) Bates county is situated upon the dividing ground be- tween the waters of Grand Eiver on the north, and Marias des Cigno on the south. Tho prairies are high, rich and rolling j tho only poor land in the county being that upon tho high limestone ridges, which are covered with timber, lu the north-west portion of tho county, 84 5:he hand-book of missodei. the prairies are large. The bottoms along the larger streams are well timbered. Springs are abundant; indi- cations of load axid iron. Landa ctin. be purchased here on very reasonable terms, BENTON COITNrS Is situated in the west central part of tho State. Tho general character of the country is broken j about one- fourth being undulating prairie^ (the north portion,) tho remainder rough timber land. There are some excellent bottom lands in the central part under a good state of cultivation. The streams, (shown upon the map,) are cold, clear, rapid, and generally gravelly bottomed, and in many places tho towering cliffs that overhang tho streams, crowned by cedars hanging from fissures in the rocks, render the scenery truly grand. Excellent water power unimproved— a capital opening for saw or grist mills. The Osage river is navigable as hi^h as Manoa, a new town twenty miles from the western boundary line of the State. Warsaw, the county seat, is the prin- cipal shipping point for this county. The S. "W". Branch Pacific R.R. will pass through the adjoining county, north. The crops usually raised are corn, wheat, oats, rye, to- bacco, &c. Mules and horses valued at $50,000 have been annually sold from this county — driven south.- Lead ore is abundant, and mines aro already opened. There were last spring, 110,000 acres of unentered land in the county. » BOLLIN'GER COUNTY Is situated in the south-east part of the State. "Was formed in 1850, principally from Cape Girardeau, Tho THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 85 general surface of the county is broken, but the land is fertile and Avell timbered. Most kinds of grain and veg- etables yield abundant crops. Beds of iron ore exist in the county, but have not to the present time been worked. Immese beds of Kaolin, so highly prized in Europe, for the manufacture of porcelain or iron-stone, china-ware, are found in this county. Also, pipe or ball clay, and extensive deposits of the best quality of fire clay, for the manufacture of fire bricks or " glass-pots." Some of the latter has been subjected to 140 degrees Fahrenheit without affecting it in the least. The proper material for glazing porcelain ware is also abundant. The county scat, Dallas, is but 25 miles from the Mis- sissippi river at Cape Girardeau. The railroad from Ironton to Capo Girardeau is projected through the county. Here is a splendid opening for capitalists to es- tablish porcelain or glass ware manufactories. BOONE COUNTY Is situated near the centre of the State, and the territory now embraced in the county, was first settled in 1815. The northern portion of the county is generally undu- lating — the southern portion principally broken. About turee-fourths of the county is timber land, affording an abundant supply for all practical purposes. The soil is, much of it, of the bluff formation, and from an analysis made by Dr. Litton for the State Geological Survey, this is shown to bo " the very best soil for wheat and rye in the State," and "well adapted to corn, tobacco, oats and grasses." In many portions of the county the soil is 86 THE HAHD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. peculiarly adapted to fruit culture. This county offers the immigrant a good variety of soil, an abundance of timber, inexhaustible beds of coal, excellent schools and good openings for any kind of business. About seven miles from Columbia is " Connor's cave/' the entrance to which is twenty feet wide, and eight feet high, which is said to have been penetrated several miles, BUCHANAN COUNTY Is situated in the west north-west part of the State, bounded on the west by the Missouri river which separ- ates it from Kansas. This county is principally made up of undulating — commonly called "rolling prairie" land. There is a good growth of timber along the mar« gins of the streams, and hero and there fine groves upon the prairies. The soil is deep and very fertile, pro- ducing all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit, and vegetables found in this latitude. Some farmers have i)roduced as high as 1500 lbs. hemp to the acre, 125 bushels of corn, and proportionately large crops of wheat, i-ye, oats, &c., and fruit and vegetables yield largely. The " Platte Country," of which this is a portion, has a world-wide fame for its fertility and deep soil. The climate is healthy, salubrious, and free from miasmatic influences. Farming implements, mill machiner}^, household furni- ture, woolen and cotton fobrics, boots and shoes, and scores of other articles could be manufacturerd hero to advantage. St. Joseph, the commercial city of the county, is one of the most flourishing business points in the State, Being the western terminus of the Hauni- THE HAXD-BOOK OF MISSOUEI. 87 bal and St. Joseph railroad, and in direct commnnicalion with all points in tho-cast, makes this thc-cnti'cport for tho shipment of produce, peltries and furs from a section of country ti-aversed by tho navigable Missouri for 2000 miles to the north-west, while the trade from tho plains and tein-itories beyond is immense. Capitalists, man- ufacturers, mechanics, farmers, and all classes of im- migrants will Jioro find great attractions. BUTLER COUNTY In the south-eastern portion of tho State, is bormded on the south by the Arkansas State line. A good portion of the land has been returned as " swamp land,'' but can principally be reclaimed by drains and levees. A portion of the south half of tho county is frequently over- flowed, which until drained makes it unfit for permanent improvement, unless it be for cranberry culture, for which both tho soil and climate is said to be well adapted, ar.d from which some farmers can realize handsome profits. Some of the very best of farming lands are in this county, and, as an old resident says, "there are few localities whcix farmers can make a com- fortable living and lay up mono}^ easier than here." Of timbci', the growth on tho high ground is principally beach and white oak^ in the bottoms a mixed growth. Groves of cypress flourish in tho bottoms of the St. Francis, a short distance from Chalk Bluffs. Felix R. Brunot, of Pittsburg, purchased 1500 acres of very rich hematite iron ore land at Indian Ford, where ho contem- plates establishing extensive iron works at an early day. oa THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. There are other immenso bods of iron through the county. The South-East Missouri, iiailroad Company, chartered hy the last legislature, will pass through the north-east corner of Butler county. Immigrants and capitalists will find inducements for favoraMe invest- ment in mineral lands, farming, grazing or manufac- turing. Black river is navigable to within fifteen miles of Poplai- Bluff. CALDWELL COUNTY Is situated in the Northwest quarter of the State, and was first settled by the Mormons in 1835. The face of the county is principally undulating prairie, with an abundance of timber in groves along the water courses. The soil is very fertile and well adapted to farming and grazing; embracing extensive natural meadows, an abundance of good stock water, a deep and lasting soil that produces all kinds of grain and fruit that grow in this climate, with but little waste land in the county. For manufacturing purposes there is good water power on the Shoal, Log and Bi'ush creeks, and Crooked Run — unimproved, excepting on Shoal creek. Capitalists, manufacturers, mechanics, farmers and laborers of all classes will find good inducements for investment and ehoice localities for business. CALLAWAY COUNTY Is situated in the cast central part of the State, and was first settled in 1818. The surface of the county along the river is level and fertile, the northern portion being broken and hilly, extending out upon the jidgo which THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 89 divides the waters of the Mississippi from those of the Missouri. About one-third of the county is prairie. IBcds of bituminous coal underlie the county, estimated to be tvventy-four feet thick in some places ; iron ore, marble, fine gi*ained limestone, potter's clay, and exten- sive banks of cannel coal are found in the county, all in quantities that pay for working. Beds of very fine marble exists in this county, pronounced superior to any found in the United States, and inferior to none but Italian. This is situated but six miles from Fulton. This county embraces a great variety of soil, and is adapted to the various purposes of agriculture, stock jgrowing and fruit culture. A more minute description 'of this county will be found in " Missouri As It Is." CAMDEN COUNTY Is situated in the south central part of the State. The I face of the country is rolling and some portions broken, and well timbered, except in the extreme south-eastern corner. There is but little prairie in the county. The surface may bo said to be made up of a succession of Ihills, valleys, and beautiful woodlands. The soil is rich jand productive. The hills of the Big and Little Niangua are truly picturesque, while the water power of these streams, together with their fine forests of oak, walnut, 'cherry, and a variety of other timber arc objects of great interest to mechanics and manufacturers. A single I spring on the Big Niangua furnishes water enough for I any amount of machinery. Good flouring and saw mills, I carding machine, woolen factories, grist mills, etc., I would pay well upon the capital invested, as the water i 90 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. power is abundant; the raw material at hand; and tho homo market would fully equa' the supply. There is both lead and iron in this county, and 310,000 acres of land subject to entry at ^1 25. CAPE aiRARDEAU COUNTY, In tho south' eastern part of the State, was first settled by Frenchmen in 1794. (For a full history of tlie early settlement; see "Missouri As It Is in 1865," pages 208 and 209.) The southern portion of the county is mostly level ; the other portions present a moderately uneven surface; very little more than enough to insure good drainage, unless it be in tho first range of hills adjacent to tho Mississippi river; in the northeast part of tho county; somo of which aro abrupt. It is a heavily timbered country — no prairie. Tho timber consists of poplar, ash; sugar, maplo; cheny; elm, beech; and tho varieties of walnut; hickory, oak, etc, in abundance. Tho oak and poplar near tho rivor has been pronounced the best in the Mississippi Valley for boat building pur- poses. The soil is very fertile, and produces an abund- ant yield of corn, wheat, oatS; the different grasses and tobacco. The diflferent varieties of fruits and vegetables are cultivated with profit. The country is well watered and good water power on somo of the streams. Tlie city of Cape Girardeau is built upon a solid bed of marble; which rock is very hard, compact, does not crack from the action of frost, and is within one per cent, of pure lime. This marble has been used in neigh- boring cities, to some extent, for building purposes. iXHB aAND-SaoK OF MISSOURI. 91 Besidog, here are bods of variegated marbles — the white and black, the purple, red and white, and the yellow and white, all susceptible of a fine polish. These marbles are all convenient to the city. This country is increasing in population and wealth, and great iaducementg are offered to aU.clasaca of immigrants. CAJIROLL COTJNr? Is situated on the north bank of the Missouri river, in the north central part of the State. The general charac- ter of the country is undulating or rolling, not very fertile, with a good supply of timber land, for all prac- tical purposes. Almost every variety of location, bluff or valley, timber or prairie, can be found in this county, and many beautiful locations for large stock farms, for which the climate and location render this county peculiarly adapted. The soil is generally favorable to the cultivation of all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit, and root crops that flourish in this latitude. Stone coal is abundant j lead ore has been found in various localities, also some pieces of iron ore; but no systematic mining has been done. Excellent quarries suitable for grind- stones, also good building stone, are abundant. There are in this county several mounds rising from one to four hundred and fifty feet above the level of the sur- rounding country. Bogart's is the highest, then Stokes* Potato Hill Mound, etc. Out of Bogart's Mound, (situ- ated a little way north of the centre of the county,) is an oil spring, from which the people of that vicinity have taken oil for lubricating purposes for years. We 92 THE HAKD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. anticipate that the Petroleum fever "will bo prevalent there at an early day, and should not bo surprised if a valuable oil spring would there be developed. Lead oro has been found in several portions of th^ CQUUty, but BO mines have bwu opened, CARTEH COUNTY Is situated in Southeast Missouri; the surface quito broken and heavily timbered; with fertile valleys which produce good farm products, while the slopes of the hill sides are well adapted to the culture of the vine, and all kinds of fruit. The same minerals so abundant in aU the counties surrouilding it also exist here — especially iron and copper. The scenery along the Current river is truly grand. The steep, rugged cliffs of pure white limestone, are overshadowed by pines of every size, from the beautiful little dwarf that clings to the sides and crevices of the projecting rocks to the giant old sentinels that tower up from the summit of the cliff. Here the cascades that rush through perpendicular walls, or mur- mur through the little valleys and natural bowers, tarry- ing here and there on the way, in beautiful pebble- bottomed ponds, in whose crystal waters the speckled trout are found in abundance. This is a favorite section of the State for fishing and sporting j^artios. Most ex- cellent water power exists along the Current river, CASS COUNTY Is situated on the very western border of the State. About one-eighth is bottom land, and very nearly all tillable. There is scarce a solitary IGO acres in the THE ilvnd-cocjk: of missouei. ii3 county btit ^vill furnish a good living to a large family. The surface is undulating, pi'incipally prairie, but a great abundance of timber — black walnut, hickory, all varieties of oak, sycamore, clra, locust, box-older, black, blue and white ash, wild plums and native grapes very plenty. Yaluablo limestone quarries furnish an abund- ance of building stone. All kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables yield abundantly. Both native and cultivated fruit of all kinds very plent}'. Springs aro numerous — stock Avater abundant — wells reached in 12 to 18 feet — pure limestone water. Fine coal mines open eight miles south from Ilarrisonville, also numerous coal banks in western part of the county. Blue grass grows spontaneously. Excellent water pov/er on the tributaries of Grand river, for grist mills and maniifac- tories. This is a splendid grazing country. The county is traversed by the Pacific railroad. Farm-ers,- stock- growers or manufacturers will find rare inducements in Cass county. CEDAR COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, is undulating with about an equal division of prairie and timber. Stone coal is abundant, but used only for neighborhood pur- poses. The soil is fertile, -well adapted to all agricultu- ral purposes, aad especially to stock raising and fruit growing. Unimproved water power upon the Big and Little Sac, and Cedar Creek. ' There wag in March 20,000 acres of vacant government land, subject to entry at 81^5. 94 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. CHARITON COUNTY. This county is situated on the Missouri river, in the north central part of the State. The soil and climate of " old Chariton" may be understood, when we state that this has for some years past been one of the lai'gest tobacco growing counties in the State. Corn has been produced so exclusively in years past, as- to be dull at ten and twelve and a half cents per bushel. The spon- taneous products of the forests and prairies furnished an abundance of food for stock, so that there was poor demand for corn at home or abroad. Coal is abundant in every region of the county, but only surface veins have yet been opened, except in one or two regions. (For a detailed history of Chariton county from its first settlement, description of the coal formation, and the statistics of various crops grown — too lengthy for this woi'k-— SCO " Missouri As It Is in 1865/' pages 217 to 220 inclusive. CHRISTIAN COUNTY. This nertv county is situated in the «outheastem por- tion of the State — was organized in 1859. The face of the country is undulatiiag — some portions rather broken, generally heavily timbered, with excellent soil in the valleys and upon some of the uplands. (See description of Greene county, from which it was formed.) The soil and climate both adapt this county to fruit culture and stock growing. Extensive deposits of iron ore have been found in this county, also, small quantities of lead and coppor ore, but no attantioa aa yet given to mining. THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. ^•^•'3 The location of these mineral deposits are shown upon the "Geological Map of Missouri" just issued in pocket form. There were in March, 1865, 197,000 acres of Government land in this county subject to entry at the BooneviUe Land Office. CLAHKB CCIINTY Forms the extreme north-east comer of the State, and i3 separated from Iowa by the DesMoines river and from Illinois by the Mississippi. It is also watered by the Fox and "Waconda rivers, which with their tributaries are skirted with groves of timber, while the rolling "di- vides" between them are prairie. This county is ad- vantageously situated at the mouth of one of the richest valleys in the great and fertile west. If the north lino of the county was continued due east until it reached the Mississippi river, making Clarke a square county, it would give her about a dozen towns now in Iowa, in- cluding the cities of Keokuk and Fort Madison, all of which she now has for a local market if desirable. The soil of the county is rolling and fertile, well calculated for farming purposes. The timber (of which there is a a good supply,) consists of oak, hickory, elm, etc. There are several banks of good stone coal in the county, and some excellent cannel coal. Farmers and mechan- ics of all kinds will find in this county good business locations. CLAT COUKTT Is situated in the west northwest part of the &tate, on the Missouri river. The face of the countiy is somewhat 9G THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. broken, and generally well timbered, with smalt prairies in various portions of the county. The soil is remark- ably fertile, and the county well watered. This county is noted for its fine farms and wealthy, intelligent farmers and stock growers. According to a recent cen- sus. Clay was one of the most productive agricultural counties in the State; notwithstanding which, there were at that time 142,661 acres of unimproved land in the county. Clay was foremost to organize teacher's institutes, and the citizens have always manifested more liberality and enterprise in the support of schools, than any other county in the State in proportion to her pop- ulation. There are several first class ably conducted seminaries in the county. Farmers, manufacturers, mechanics and business men of all classes, will here find fertile soil, a healthy climate, abundance of timber and building materials, good prices and a ready market for all products either agricultural or mechanical, and an honest, industrious, and hospitiible people. CLIXTON COUNT"? Is situated in the north-western part of the State, bounded on the west and south by Buchanan, Platto and Clay, which separate this county from the Missouri river. About two-thirds of the area of this county is undulating })rairic land, fertile and easily tilled ; the re- maining one-third is timber land, confined principallj'' to the water courses and valleys. Blue and gray limestone and sandstone are abundant in some portions of the county, and there are indications of coal in several THE EAHD-BQOK OF mSSODRI. 97 localities, though no-thorough investigations have been made, as fuel is plenty. Several of the streams aro rapid and have unimproved mill seats upon them. Ex- cept in large prairies, springs are quite numerous. Tho ' soil is fertile and will produce good crops of all kinds of grass, grain, fruit and vegetables grown in this latitude. Honest, industrious, loyal farmers and mechanics will here find a healthy climate, good soil, and a laarket for all kiad^i of articles they can produce. COLE COUNTY Is situated on the Missouri river, near the centre of tho State. The face of the country is generally rolling or broken, with thin soil, generally well adapted to the growth of small grain and fruits of all kinds. On tho bottoms of the Missouri, Osage and Moreau, is good alluvial soil, very fertile, embracing perhaps one-fourth the area of the county. The soil and climate are favor- able to fruit culture; the poaches seldom fail, and all kinds of fruits, including the grape, yield abundantly. Tho interior of the county is drained by Moreau creek, which rises so rapidly and to -such a height, that it is upon some maps called a river. Fish are numerous in this stream ; and it is related by a former representative from this county who had a mill upon the Moreau, that the fish were so numerous as to frequently clog the wheels and stop the mill. Then tho only alternative was to shut the gate and beat the water with poles, to drive them away! The Capitol of tho State, Jefferson City, is located in this county, and the beautiful lime- Stone from which tho Capitol building is construotedi is U8 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. vciy abundant, forming a stratum of upwards of forty feet in thickness, in the bluffs upon which Jefferson City is situated. Limestone suitable for making hydrau- lic cement is found in the bluffs above the city, and sandstone, for building,, and sand and clay for brick aro- also abundant. Timber in gi-eat variety and of good size is found on the bluffs and in the valleys. (For history of Cole county,- see Missouri As It Is, pages 233, and 235.) Both lead ore and coal are found in thia county; but no systematic raining has been done* OOOPEE COtJNTT Is fiittiated on tlis south side of the Missotiri liver, in IKo central part of the State. The face of the country is gently undulating,, and advantageously diversified with timber and prairie — there are very few counties possess- ing a more equal division of what is so desirable to farmers— prairie and timber land. The alluvial soil occupies a lar^e area in the bottoms of the Missouri, the Lamine and the Little Saline, and is generally covered with a heavy growth of cottonwood, sycamore, elm, box- elder, sugar-tree, white maple, rod birch, white, black and blue ash, coffee tree, honey locust, the various kinds of oaks and hickories, red-bud, hackberry, willows and grapo. The soil of the county at lai'ge, is very fertile and well adapted to all the purposes of agriculture. Springs, both fresh and mineral, are abundant — several 6f which are classed as " brine " and " sulphur." Chou- teau Si^'iog, about ton miles from Boonvillc, has a wide reputation as a pleasant and healthy watering place. THS HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI.; ©9 Water bursts from the earth in four places, within a' short distance from each other. The amount of water discharged is ten gallons per minute, or 14,000 gallons per day, and the gas that escapes at least two gallona per minute. The most extensive manufactory in the countj^is that of the "Booneville Wine Company," about one mile above Boonville. Their vineyard and orchard embraces upwards of 100 acres. The lands are admir- ably suited to grape culture. Haas' catawba has a wide reputation. An extensive woolen factory, and an agri- cultural implement manufactory are much needed, and would prove profitable investments. CRAWFORD COUNTY Is situated southeast of the center of the State. This has been called the " Mother of Counties," from the fact that for many years her bordei's extended to the western part of the State. County after county has, from time to time, been cut from her western and southern bor- ders, and the finale was accomplished in the formation of Phelps county, in 1857. The county embraces a great yariety of soil — bottom, valley, table land, prairie and sandy soils. It is well adapted to corn, wheat, oats, grasses, fruit and vegetables. Stock growing would pay well here. The valleys of the large streams are frequently hcavil}^ timbered. Iron, lead and copper are abundant in the county, and coal has been found in two or three places. The localities of these minerals are shown upon the new geological map of Missouri, just issued by the author of this Hand-book. The Southwest 100 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUIir* Brancli of the Pacific Eailroad traverses the northwest portion of the county. DADE COUNTY la situated in the south-western part of the State. The face of the country is undulating, and in some portions broken — more prairie than timber. The soil is generally fertile, and well adajited to the various purposes of agi*i- eulture, horticulture, and stock raising. Water power is abundant — upon some of the streams unimproved. Iron, copper, and coal have been found in various parts of the county, but no mines have been worked to any con- sidorablc estent. Timber enough along the valleys for practical purposes. The mildness of the climate, abun- dance of native and cultivated grasses, and of stock water, render this county well adapted to stock growing. Thousands of cattle have been driven from here to Utah and California. There were, on the 1st of March, about 30,000 acres of government land in this county, subject to entry at the Booneville Land OiSee. For population, and location of minerals, see "Parker's Geological Map of Missouri" just published. DALLAS COUNTY Is situated in the south-west central part of the State. Eoth the surface and soil of the county are diversified. A portion of the county is quite level, or undulating, and some pr.rts broken and rough. The prairies have gen- erally a sub-soil of red clay, which upon experiment has been pronounced well adapted to farming purposes, but we question whether it can bo relied upon for grain. «!». THE HAND-BOOK OF rasSOUHI. 101 The timber land is rocky, but the soil is black and fertile, especially in the valleys. The ridges, which by many have been considered as barren and worthless, we find generally covered with wide spreading arbors of native grape vines, yielding largely of several varieties of wild grapes, which is conclusive evidence of their adaptatidh to grape . and fruit culture. Brycos' Spring, in T. 34, K. 18, " rises in a secluded valley and flows away — a river." It discharges more than 120 cubic feet of water per second, or 10,927,872 cubic feet per day. Lead ore has been found in several localities. The Southwest Branch Pacific railroad will pass near the Boutheru boundary of the county. DAVIESS COUNTY Is situated in the north-western part of the State. Sur- face generally undulating — some portions nearly level — one-half prairie, the remainder hard-wood timber. The county is well watered, and forms a part of the ^' Grand Eiver Country," so famous for its fertility. The soil is well adapted to farming, grazing, and fruit growing. At the last sale, of what had been returned as « swamp lands," in this county, the competition was so great that considerable of the. land sold for 820 per acre, and none for less than %2> 50— the average price about 112 per acre. Farmers will make a note of this. DEKALB COUNTY Is in the north-western part of the State. The polls of the county are fertile and well adapted to the culture of hemp, corn, wheal, oats, tobacco, etc. Hemp has been 102 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUIII. •regarded as the most profitable crop — yielding from 1000 to 1500 pounds to the acre, which costs, say $25 per acre to raise and prepare for market, and was quoted in February, '65, at from 8135 to 165 per ton for un- dressed — good to choice at St. Louis. Small grains yield abundantly. Horses, mules, cattle and s^eep, do well and stock raising is profitable. Building stone, clay for bricks, and hard-wood timber, abundant. The general surface is undulating, and diversified by prairies and woodlands. The Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad passes through the southern border of the county. DENT COUNTY Is in the south eastern portion of the State — centrally situated on the dividing ridge, miscalled the " Ozark mountains." This ridge has very fow of the charac- teristics of a mountain. It is here a wide table land having an altitud'e of about 1000 feet above St. Louis. The top of the divide is formed of the second sandstone of the Missouri Geological Survey, and under this the third magnosian limestone. The stratum of sandstone is from 60 to 100 feet thick, and covered with a yellow pine forest. Extensive white oak groves along the south side of the main divide and its branches between the water courses. Both timber and prairie lands are fer- tile—the former predominating. In the northern part of the county is an extensive specular iron field, and in the southern, extensive hematite iron banks. Several veins of copper have also been discovered. (For location of minerals, see *' Parker's Geological Map of Missouri.") THE HAND-DOOK OF MISSOURI. 103 Good openings ate presented for capitalists, tnincrs, mechanics of all kinds, farmers and stock growers. ^ DOUGLAS COUNTY, In the soutliern part of the State, is generally sterile and broken, and a great portion of the land unfit for culti- vation — valuable only for the excellent pine, oak, and walnut timber that abound throughout the county. There were in 1860, twelve saw mills and eight flouring mills, all propelled by water power, furnishing lumber to adjoining counties. The soil and climate are well adapted to fruit and grape culture, corn, wheat, potatoes, turnips, rye, tobacco ; and the usual varieties of grasse* are profitably produced in the valleys. More r .-cban- ics are wanted, and persons with energy and < .'.ital to engage in grape culture, and above all — a corps of good school teachers. There were in March, 18G5; 400,900 acres of government land subject ta entry* DUNKLIN COUNTY Is situated in the extreme southeastern portion of tho State, and extends 36 miles south of the general southern line — reaching 36° north latitude. The shape of tho county is oblong, its length north and south being 45 miles, with an average width of about 11 miles. Tho county is well watered — too well — by the Whitewater^ St. Francois, and numerous lakes and ponds. Thia county, together with several adjoining, was severely injured by the earthquakes of 1811-12, since which timo a great portion of it has been what is termed " swamp laud." Many of these swamps can be reclaimed by dv^.inage, with but little expense, and will. then be araotig 104: THE HAND-BOOK OP MLSSOURI. the most fertile lands in the State. The Legislature in 1849-50 passed a bill making an appropriation for the reclamation of swamp lands of southeast Missouri, but nothing of importance has been done toward it. There are some good farms in the county, and the land is everywhere very fertile. According to the Surveyor Genei-al's Eeport, several portions laid down in the survey, and generally shown on maps as lakes or swamps, are now among the best farms in the county, "Whether this has been an error on the part of surveyors. or that by some natural causes these lakes have become dry land, is a question for investigation. FRANKLIN COUNTY Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, on the south side of the Missouri river, which forms its north- ern boundary. The surface is broken, consisting chiefly of ranges of hills, elevated from 100 to 300 feet above the level of adjacent streams, and often separated from each other by deep valleys — some of them very narrow, others wide. The general direction of the main ridges are northeast and southwest. In the southern part of the county the surface is very uneven. The numerous rapid streams afford an abundance of water, and the valleys are fertile. Franklin is one of the best timbered counties in the State, and there is but one small prairie in the whole county. This county is particularly rich in minerals. There is fully thirty lead mines in the county, and four Scotch-hearth lead furnaces. Brown hematite iron ore is found in several places in the south- east part of tho. county. A fine bod of Alabaster .has THB HAHD-BOOK 01 MISSOUEI, 105 also recently Leen discovered. This mineral region is traversed by the Southwest Branch of Pacific railroad, and by the Maramec river, affording superior facilities for taking the mineral to St. Louis. Fully one-half of the county is a lead-field, and ore maybe looked for in workable quantities, in almost every section of land in this part of the counti-y. Tkere were 14,000 acrea of unentered land in the county in. March, 1865, GASCONADE COCrNrY l9 situated on the right bank of the Missonri river, and next west of Franklin (last described), to which, in many respects, it is quite similar. The north and east half of the county is hilly and t)roken, and in some places bold flint-hills or knobs occur, which are entirely desti- tute of timber and unfit for cultivation. Lead ore is re- ported to have been found in some of these flint ridges, but others think it mixed — Avith uncertainty. The valleys are very fertile, and a number of superior farms, of bottom land, are under a good state of cultivation. The prairies are small, dry and fertile. The county is very well watered. Along the banks of the Gasconade are a number of saltpetre caves, which were profitably worked several years since. Some of these caves are large and interesting, consisting frequently of a succes- sion of rooms joined to each other by arched halls of a considerable height. This county is principally settled by Germans, who devote more attention to grape culture than to farming. Largo tracta of land are occupied by well-cultivated vineyards, especially in the vicinity of lOG tea HAND-BOOK or MISSOURt, ITGrmaTm, iind yvQ ard asgured that grape cnltnro nfid ■wine making is moro profitable than any other branch of agriculture or hoi'ticulture. However, all kinda of grain, fruit and vegetables produce well. For popula- tion, unentered land, and location of minerals, see "Geological Map of Mssouri." See also chapter on Grape Culture in "Missouri As It Is ia.lS65^' — to lengthy for insertion in. this work* CffiNTRY COUNTY^ Ts ^itnatad m-ihQ northwestern part of the S^tat6, botmd- ed on the north by the Iowa State Lino. The face of the country is undulating, diversified with prairie and timber, and well watered By Grand river and its tribu- taries. Indications of rich beds of copper and an excel- lent quality of bituminous coal have boon found, but no banks or mines have been opened. The soil is very fertile, and well adapted to the production of all grains and grasses suitable to this climate. The county is settled by intelligent, industrious people, and immigrants will here fiad excellent inducemeuta for any kind of bueiness. <3IIEEKB COUNT?; Situated in tho south-western part of tho State, is, topographically speaking, higher than any of the adja- cent country, and the streams are all clear and rapid. The prairies are large, rich and beautiful, skirted by timber along the streams, and in small groves. Occa- sional " barrens" intervene which are stony and sparsely timbered^ Though timber is not very abundant, thei'e THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUBI. 107 is surucicnt for all practical purposes. The elevated ridges, erroneously named " Ozark mountains/' extend through this county. The soil is not as deep and fertile as in many portioas of the Stato^ yet it is considered a good agricultural district and is ■well adapted to the culture of all kinds of cereals, grasses, ' and produces an abundant yield of fruit. It is peculiarly adapted to grape culture, and the neglected " bai'rens" contain all the elements to insure success in vine growing, and with proper management would yield a greater profit than many of the farms that produce 25 to 30 bushels of wheat to the acre. Peaches grow largo, and seldom fail. The country is weU watered, as is shown upon tho map, besides large springs of clear, cold water are abundant, some of which furnish excellent water power for manufacturing. Of minerals, there are beds of iron, copper and lead, but no systematic mining has yet been done. The Southwest Branch of the Pacific railroad will traverse the county when completed. The variety of soil, mild and healthy -climate, advantageous natural position and certain market for all farm products, and remunerative wages for all kinds of labor are induce- ments which immigrants should not overlook, GMINnY COUNTY Is situated in tho northern part of the State, about mid- way between tho Mississippi and iMissouri rivers. Tho surface is undulating, and well watered by tributario ^ of Grand river. The table lands and divides are generally praiiie, and the streams -are skirted with timber, afford- 108 THE HAOTi-BOOK OF MTSSOUEI. ing Bufficicnt for fencing and fuel if properly husbanded. However; groves should be planted, and then there will be no question about the supply. The soil is very rich and well adapted to all farming purposes. Turnips have been raised in this county by Mr. Osborn, which, after being closely trimmed, weighed eleven pounds three ounces j and James Wynn has produced corn, one ear of which contained 1383 grains, all well filled, and a radish weighing four pounds three ounces. Mr. Isaac Frorann raised in one season, upon a piece of ground two feet by fifteen, first ten bushels of onions, and afterward eight bushels of turnips. Farmers will find good land at low prices. Mechanics and machinists are Avantedto supply the demand in their lino. Excellent water power and good localities for saw and grist mills. School teachers — that are teachers — are wanted. Loyal, energetic men, from whatever clime, "will here find a hearty welcome, and cannot but reap a rich reward for their labor. HARBISON COUNTY, Situated in the north northwestern part of the State, is bounded on the north by the Iowa State line. The sur- face is principally prairie, but in some sections broken. The timber is mostly confined to the margins of water courses, and consists of white, black, pin, and bun* oak, walnut, *8Ugar tree, maple, linn, sycamore, birch, cherry, Cottonwood, hackberry, ash, hickory, etc., which skirt the streams, and stand here and there in groves. Tho soil is generally fertile, and pi'oduces all kinds of grain, fruit and vcf^etables that fcrow in this latitude. There THE HAND-BOOK OP MTSSODRI. 100 are fifteen saw mills and three flotrring mills on Grand river and Big Creek. There is other fine water power unimproved. The inducements to immigration are — rich 3oil; good timber, healthy climate, clear, rapid streams, and good demand for all articles produced. This is an excellent county for stock growing. HENRY COITNTY, Formerly called Rives, is situated in the western part of the State. The face of the country is undulating — neither level or broken — about one-third timber and the remainder prairie. Early settlers hesitated about locating upon the larger j^rairies, owing to the lack of timber for fuel, but there have since been found exten- sive banks of coal and these objections are removed. So in many parts of this State, it will bo observed that whore a superficial examination indicates the absence of some important native clement of wealth, deep research and thorough investigation generally prove the existence of hidden treasures, which more than compensate for the seeming deficiency. The soil is very fertile, and well adapted to all farming purposes. The county is well calculated for stock growing, as timothy, blue-grass, clover, and native prairie grass grow finely. Iron and coal are both found in the county. There were 4,500 acres of government land, unentered, in March. Land OIBce at Boone ville. HICKORY COUNTY Is situated near the centre of the southwest quarter of the State. The land is generally ferUie, undulating, iind 110 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSODEI. in some places broken, with about an equal amount of praii'io and timber land. In this, as in most other counties, the forests are growing up rapidly since the Indians have been driven away, and the annual fires kept out. But little attention has been paid to the cul- ture of grapes, hemp, flax, or tobacco. An average crop of wheat is about thirty bushels to the acre ; corn, 100 ; oats, 30; buckwheat 12 to 15 j potatoes 50 to 60; turnips 300. Timothy, clover, and Hungarian grass do well. There is excellent water power on the Niangua and Pomme de Terre, unimproved. Lead and iron have been found in various localities, but no mines opened. There were, in March, 95,000 acres of government land in this county, subject to entry at the Booneville Land Office. HOLT COtlNTY Is one of the six that compose the " Platte Purchase" iE\ the northwestern corner of the State. The first perma- nent settlements were made here in 1830. The generaJ charactei' of the surface is undulating or "rolling," -witli, about an equal division of prairie and timber; every por.. tion well watered. The Missouri bottom varies in width from three to ten miles, and is exceedingly fertile, being an alluvial formation, and the soil in some places is twenty-three feet deep. The prairies are also exceed- ingly fertile. There has been produced, several years in succession, of corn, 125 bushels to the acre; hemp, 1500 pounds ; oats, 40 bushels, etc. In the season of 1S59 there were 1900 bales of hemp shipped from Forest City. Hemp ia the most profitable, as well as the most THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, lU, certain crop, and the farmers seem inclined to devote their farms to the culture of hemp and tobacco, and the raising of stock, all of which will be immensely profit- able. The inhabitants are generally intelligent, indus- trious, and contented. Industrious, skilful farmers, coopers, wagon-makers, carpenters, and merchants are needed. Saddlers will find here one of the best openings in the State. Teachers who are well qualified and wish to enter the field in earnest,, will here find an ample pcope for labor, an abundance of capital, and willing >»LartB and ha.nds to aid them. HOWARD COTINTY Is situated on the left branch of the Missouri Tiver, in the north central part of the State. The first settle- ment made in this section of country was in 1807-8, by Col. Benj. Cooper, Daniel Boone, the Hancocks and Barkleys. (See history of the early settlement of this county in " Missouri As It Is," pages 266 to 268.) The general surface of the country is nndulating, and some portions are quite broken, principally covered with a good growth of timber, consisting of hickory, black and white walnut, oaks of various kinds, black and blue ash, maple, cottonwood, coffee-bean, hackberry and honey locust. There are but four natural prairies in the county — Spanish, Needle and Foster's on the upland, and Cooper's and the Weedy pi*airie on the bottomland; but through the industry and enterprise of the pioneers, thousand of acres of nature's dense forest have been t^ansforiaed iato cyltiyiatetJ farms, :po\y graced by the 112 >rHE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOTTRI,! commodious farm house, and yielding abundant crops of all kinds of agricultural products. The soil of this county is exceedingly fertile, and produces an abundant yield of all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables — farmers having gathered as high as 1500 pounds of hemp, 2000 pounds of tobacco, 100 bushels of corn, 400 of wheat, etc., to the acre. The average yield of tobacco in the vicinity of Howard county is 1000 pounds per acre, but as high as 2000 pounds have been raised on an acre in several instances. The reader can readily cal- culate the profits of a crop. (The very extensive tobacco manufactory of B. VV. Lewis & Co., Glasgow, is fully described, illustrated, and an essay given on tobacco cuUurC; ia tbQ larger work, "Missouri As Itl« ia 1$60.") HOWELL COTJNTy Is situated in the southern part of the State, bounded on the south by the Arkansas line. It has an area of C50 square miles — and is the smallest tax-paying county in the State except Shannon. For a general description of this county, the reader is referred to Oregon and Texas counties, in this work. The lands are broken and hilly, some portions being high table land, and well adapted to fruit and grape culture. The valleys, though generally narrow, are very fertile. The scenery in many portions of the county is truly grand and picturesque, the streams are clear and rapid, and the narrow, deep, rocky ravines and chasms, shaded by heavy forests of pine, render it a place of some attraction to the ad- mirora of wild antd romantic sceaery, King's ^ioMXkt ist THB HAITD-BOOK OP MISSOUEI. 113 a high central point, or water shed, from which streams run in tvorj dii-cction. Population in 1860^ 3251, lEON COUNTY, In the southeastern part of the State, is rery appro- priately named. It is em])hatically the Iron county of the Union, possessing probably a greater quantity of iron ores, of purer qualities, than the same area of ter- ritory, anywhere else on the face of the globe. Pilot Knob, which towers 581 feet above the bloomery at its base, or 1118 feet higher than the level of the Mississippi at St. Louis, covers an area of 360 acres, is principally of iron ore, which yields in working 65 percent. The upper 141 feet of the knob is estimated to contain 31,299,012,554 pounds, or 13,972,772 tons of iron ore; then there are 440 feet of oi'e below, widening* as it descends — its depth below the surface is unknown. Tho quantity is sufficient to last for centuries, and tho quality for many purposes, inferior to none. Shepherd Mountain, is situated about If miles west of south from Pilot Knob. This formation is 79 feet higher that Pilot Knob — is of an oblong shape, lying northeast and south- west, nearly two miles in length, by one in width. Tho ores found in this Mountain are magnetic and specular oxide, and a mixture of tho two. Thousands of speci- mens of magnetic ore (commonly called by them " load- stone,") have been procured at Shepherd's Mountain by visitors, as a curiosity on account of its polarity. There are several other mountains and hills of iron. Lead ore, gold-bearing sand; immense beds of fine marble, kaolin, 114 5:iiE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. for the mannfacture of iron-stone cliina ware^ etc., are found in this county. The principal portion of the county is mountainous- and broken, and a. great propor- tion of the land unfit for general farming purposes, but generally heavily timbered with oaks, hickories, elm, ash, black walnut, hackberry, locust, red cedar and yellow pine. The valleys are fertile, and many of the hill sides peculiarly adapted to fruit culture. Some of the farmers and fruit growers in southeast Missouri have farms that now produce well, although they have been bearing crops for more than 25 years past. An extend- ed, illustrative notice of this county, its history and capabilities will be found in " Missouri As It Is" — pages 274 to 279. Unsurpassed inducements for capitalists and mechanics. Population in 18S0, 5,433. Principal to wns;. Irouton, Pilot Knob, Arcadia and Middlebrook* JASPER COUNTY, Situated in the southwest corner of the State, is bounded on the west by Kansas State line, and separated from Arkansas by Newton and McDonald counties. The sur- face of the country is gently undulating, with about two- thirds prairie, and the remainder timber land. The prairies are very fertile, interspersed with streams of pure running water, the courses of which are skirted with timber. The southern part of the county is under- laid with mountain limestone, containing numerous and extensive deposits of lead and zinc. As an agricultural region, this stands high — all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetable yield good crops. The heavy yield THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. H5 of grasses, abundanco of clear, cold spring branches, and the mild climate, renders this well adapted for stock growing. Manufacturers and capitalists will find on Spring Eiver alone, at least fifty sites, furnishing good water power, unimproved. Good openings for all kinds of mechanics. There is an oil spring in township 84, range 28. Population in 1860, 6,607. Towns, CarthagC; Sarcaxie, Fidelity, Sherwood, &c. JACKSON COUNTY Is situated in the northwestern portion of the State, bounded on the north by the Missoui-i rivei', and on the west by the Kans^as State line. The county has an un- dulating surface, with a desirable division of prairie and timbox', underlaid with limestone, well adapted for build- ing purposes, and is well watered. The soil is very fertile, producing the heaviest yields of all kinds of agricultural products. The agricultural, manufacturing and commercial resources of Jackson county are second to but one or two in the State, and in "some respects it has no equal. The Union Pacific railroad is completed and in operation from Kansas City, west, to Lawrence, and ii being pushed forward with all possible dispatch. The Pacific railroad of Missouri will be completed to Kansas City, ]n'obably, early in June, thus making a continuous line from Kansas City to St. Louis and the East. Capitalists, manufacturers, farmers, mechanics, or any class of business men will here find ample scope for the profitable employment of their capital, labor and skill. The principal towns in the county are Indepen- 116 THE HAND-BOOK OP MrSSOUM^ ' dence,' til© connty Beat, Kansas City, tliQ tcaviest'Com* mercial point west of St. Louis, "Westport, Sibley, Lon& Jack; J^ew Santa Fe, etc. Population in 1860, 19,166*> JEFFERSON COUNTY Is sitdated in the east central part of the State, "bounded on the east by the Mississippi river. In the northern and eastern portions of the county the land is generally undulating and fertile; and in the •western and southern hilly and sterile. A great proportion of the county is heavi'y timbered, and the land more valuable for min- eral than agricultural purposes. The best farming lands are found along the Maramec and Big rivers, the Platin, Sandy and Joaquim creeks. Big Kiver is the largest stream that traverses the county, wliich in ordinary seasons would be considered a creek, but it rises rapidly, retains its maximum but a few hours, and runs out rapidly. The scenery along some of the streams is beautiful, and the limestone bluffs above Sclma and Bush Tower have an elevation of from 250 to 300 feet, which at a distance, resemble artificial towers. There are no " gravely ridges" but will produce esccUcnt fruit. One farmer has 9,000 peach trees in one orchard, and we seldom see better peaches anywhere. This county appears to contain an inexhaustible amount of lead ore, also immense beds of iron, copper, white sand, etc., etc. Principal towns, Ilillsboro', DeSoto, Selma aoid Victoria. Population in 18G0, 8,801. JOHNSON COUNTY Is situated in the western part of tho State, separated THE HANP-BOOK OP 3IISS0UEI, 117 from tlio Kansas Stato line by Cass county. A great proportion of the county is fertile prairie land, level or slightly undulating, inters^jersed here and there with forest trees and small groves of thrifty young timber. The county is well watered by streams, many of which originate in never-failing springs. The numerous salino springs are highly prized by stock growers. Plumbago, or black oxyde of manganese is found in Township 44, Eango 24 West, section 6, which is susceptible of a fino polish, makes a clear black mark, and is used for pencils. Excellent limestone, and a five-feet thick vein of coal also exists here. A great proportion of the county is well adapted to agriculture, in all its branches. Stock- growing will pay well. The Pacific railroad traverses the county, famishing a speedy transit for all farm pro- ducts to market — passing through the centre of tho county. The principal towns are Warrensburg, Knob Nostor, Kiugsville, Columbus, Fayette ville, Rose Hill, Cornelia, Holden, etc. Population in 1860, 13,080, KNOX COUNTY, In tho northeastern part of the State, is separated from the j\Iissisaippi river by Lewis county, and from tho Iowa line by Scotland county. The face of the country is undulating, with a desii-able division of prairie and timber land. The soil is well adapted to all farming purposes, and there is no better location for stock-rais- ing. Cattle and sheep do very well. Land is good and cheap. Some farms are offered for less than tho im- provomentB cost, because tho " atmosphere is too loyal '* 118 (THE. HAHB-BQQK QI MISSQUEIJ for the owners, and the rebels are compelled to ^'secede." All classes of farmers; mechanics and business men will find good inducements to locate here. Population in 1860, 1,553, Principal towns, Edina^. Iifewarkj. Jeddo and Colonjr,: LACLEDE COUNTT Is situated in the south central part of the State, was formed in 1849, from a portion of Pulaski, and named in honor of Pierre Laclede Liguest, the founder of St. Louis. The county is situated upon the high table lands of the Ozark range, and presents a variety of surface, from the level or moderately undulating prairie, to rugged hills and miniature mountains. In the vicinity of Big Niangua, Gasconade, and Osage Fork, the hills range from 155 to 500 feet in height, separated from each other by deep and narrow valleys. The soil of the upland is various; the light and gravelly portions are well adapted to fruit culture, and particularly favorable for grapes ; while in the post-oak flats, the subsoil of clay comes nearer the surface. For many purposes this soil is superior to the alluvial, and has produced as high as 55 bushels of wheat to the acre, from 800 to 1200 pounds of tobacco, and most excellent timothy and grasses. There are in the county probably 100,000 acres of rich alluvial bottom land, much of which is under a good state of cultivation. Both iron and lead are found in the county. There are 190,000 acres of Government land subject to entry. Population in 18G0, 4,861. LAFAYETTE COUNTY Is situated on the right bank of thQ ilissoari rivorv and THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSODKI. 119 separated from the Kansas line by Jackson county. Tho general character of the land is level or gently undula- ting — in some portions somewhat broken or rough. By passing over the country between Marshal and Lexing- ton, the traveler sees some as fine country as there is in Missouri. The soil throughout the county is generally very productive, and well adapted to all the purposes of the farmer or atock-grower. We have statistics from farmers who have produced to the acre, tobacco, 800 pounds; corn, 100 bushels; wheat, 25 bushels ; timothy, 2 tons; Hungarian grass, P> tons, and fruit and vegeta- bles in proportion. As high as 2200 pounds of hemp have been produced per acre. On the 18th of February 45 bales of choice hemp wore sold in St. Louis, for tho handsome price of §190 per ton. The hemp was grown by Mr. Fristow of this county. Farmers will see at a glance that this county is very well adapted to all tho purposes of agriculture. The class of people most needed are qualified school teachers, practical farmers and mechanics, who have capital to improve land or estab- lish manufactories; also carpenters, plasterers and masons. They will find here good schools and churches, good society, fertile farming land, healthy climate, wood and stone coal abundant, sjnungs and rapid streams of water, etc. Principal towns, Lexington, Waverly, Middletown, Wellington,. Dover, Chapel Ilill, etc. Population in 1860, 13,763. LAWRENCE COUNTY Is situated in the southwestern part of'tho State, separ- ated from the Kansas line by Jasper and Newton, and 120 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUIUL from Arkansas by Barry county. The face of the conn- try is undulating, and in some sections broken, with prairie and timber well diversified. It is well watered by streams which have their sources at large springs, and arc peculiarly clear and flow over gravel and rocky beds. The valleys are fertile, well timbered, and sus- ceptible of the highest degree of cultivation, while the high prairies, with their broad acres of grass, are un- surpassed for grazing. The mildness of the climate, and bountiful supply of living water, render this a desirable portion of the State for stock growing and fruit culture — especially the grape. The natural advantages of the county are great, but like many other counties in the State, there is here a deplorable lack of energy manifest among the leading men; consequently the various in- dustrial pursuits are not represented in a manner corresponding with the advantageous location and natural resources. Lead and iron ore abound in the county. There is also good water power for manufac- tories. Population in 18C0, 9,062. LEWIS COUNTT It situated on the Mississippi river, in the northeastern portion of the State. The surface is undulating and diversified, about one-half of the county being well timbered with forests or groves, distributed along the water courses, and separated by beautiful upland meadows or prairies, the soil of which is deep, fertile, and easy cultivated. The largest yield per aero that wo have note of , are— wheat, 25 bushels; corn, 80; rye, 12; 1112 HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. ,121 bfirloy, 20; oa,ts, 50; buckwheat, 40; potatoes, 150; onions, 200 ; bcot3, 200 ; turnips, 500 ; timothy, 3 tons ; clover, 2 tons; Ilungai'ian grass, 5 tons, and tobacco 1200 pounds. Coal has been discovered near Monti- cello, and in somoothor portions of the county. Limo- stono abounds in various localities. Principal towns, Monticello, Canton and LaGraage. Populatioa in 1860, 10,419. tINCOLN COUNTY Is situated in the eastern part of the State, and possesses both pi-airie and timber — level bottom land, and undul- ating and broken upland. It is drained by Caivre (or Copper) river, and its lengthy branches, and by several small creeks which empty into the Mississippi. A wide bottom extends along the river, which is exceedingly ferlilo, and in seasons of very high water, portions of it are subject to overflow. Hard wood timber and good building stone are abundant throughout the county. The soil is generally admirably adapted to all agricul- tural purposes. This county was formed from a part of St. Charles county, in 1818, and a portion of it was at an cai'ly day covered with Spanish grants, which re- tarded its settlement. In 1S23 the Cuivre was con- Bidorod nav'igable several miles above its mouth. Farm- ers, stock-growers, and all glasses of loyal business men will here find openings for business. Population in 1830, 11,8G2. Principp.l towns, Troy, JJouisville, Now Hope, Cape au Gris and Auburn. LINN COUNTY Is situated in the northwestern portion of the State, and 122 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. Las an area of 650 square miles. The principal portion of the land is rolling prairie, interspersed with wood- land. It is watered by upwards of twelve streams, traversing the county from north to south, and empty- ing into Grand river. The larger streams are Locust creek, "West Fork of Locust creek. Elk, Turkey, Yellow, and Little Yellow creeks, some of which afford excellent water power. The soil of the county is generally very fertile — principally prairie, -with a good supply of wood- land well distribated. All kinds of gruin, grasses, and fruit of this latitude produce well here. The timber most abundant hero is walnut, elm, hackberry, oaks, ash, cherry, hickory. mulbeiTy, sycamore, linn, maple, birch and Cottonwood. There is an abundance of good building stone, and inexhaustible beds of coal through- out the county. Principal towns, Liuneus, Laclede, Wyandotte, Brookflcld, Franklin, St. Catharine, Thayer, North Salem and Enterprise, Population in 18G0, 8,555. Unentered land in March, 1865, 1,480 acres, LIVINGSTON COUNTY Is situated in the northwestern part of the State, and contains an area of 530 square miles. The surflice of the county is generally level or slightly rolling, and the soil admirably adapted to the production of all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables that flourish in this latitude. (See description of " The Grand River coun- ty"— of which this forms a part — in Missouri As It Is, pages 103 to 108.) Stock-growers will find here an ex- cellent location for tho j)rolitablo prosecution of that TUB HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 123 cntcrprisG. Lead has been found in several localities, and banks are already opened near Utica, and at other points in the county, which will in gome measure com- pensate for the scarcity of timber. Principal towns, Chillicothe, Utica, Bedford and Dawn, Population in 18t)0, G,833. MACOTSr COUNTY Is situated in the northern part of the State, about equi- distant from the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and the Iowa State line, and has an area of 830 square miles. The surface of the county is undulating — in many places what is termed ^'broken," There are numerous singu- larly formed knobs, some of which ai'o so regular in contour that they resemble more the work of art than those of nature. The summit of the knobs seems to have been a common level, in some instances 200 feet above the general surface. A tendency to this con- formation is first observed in township GO, in the north- ern part of the county, and extends down into 56, but thc}^ are seen in all their prominent characteristics in Townships 58 and 59, north of the II. k St. Joe R. II. (For a full description of these knobs, and of this county, in detail, see " Missouri As It Is," pages 305 to 308.) This county, or a great portion of it, is underlaid by a stratum of bituminous coal, which is exposed in the banks of eight different streams along the line of the H. & St. Joe R. R., going west from Bloommgton. This bed varies from one to nine feet in thickness, the max- imum occurring near Bloomington. Lead ore has been found in the vicinity of Grand river, and crude cop- 124 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. poras on the tributaries of Muscle Fork. Land generally very fertile. Pi'incipal towns, Bloomington, Macon City, Hudson, Carbon, New Boston, LaPlata, Hunne- wcU, etc. Population in 1860, G,833. MADISON COUNTY Is situated in the southeast part of the State, and is one of the most intense!)/ mineral counties in the State. The first seltlcmerit made in this section of country was at Mine LaMotte, in 1722 or 1723, which mines were dis- covered by a Frenchman, whoso name they bear. (For the early history of these mines see pages 308 to 313 " Missouri As It Is.") The g-cncral surface of the county is uneven and hilly, and in some portions what may bo termed " mountainous." The higher hills are geniirall}^ composed of immense masses of porphyritic stone. A great proportion of the county is unfit for cultivation, but some of the valleys produce well, and near Fredcr- icktown there is a considerable body of fertile laud. There is probably not in the world, besides this, a sec- tion of country of the same area, possessing a greater variety of minerals, and in greater quantities than aro found in Madison count}^ Gold, silver, lead, copper, iron, platina, nickel, cobalt and manganese are found in quantities that pay a good profit for working them. See mineralogical chapter in this book — also for particular location, of minerals see Geological Map of JMissouri, just issued. Population in 18G0, 5,338. MARIES COUNTY Is situated in the central part of the State — was formed TUB IL\ND-BOOK OF MISSOUlU. 125 in 1855 from the north part of Pulaski and the southern portion of Osage counties. The general sui'face of the country U broken timber land; however very good soil is found in the valleys of Spring creek; along the Maries, on the Dry Fork of the Bourbeuse, in Lane's prairie, and the adjacent timber lands. Stock-growing and fruit and grape culture could be profitably prose- cuted in this country. There are deposits of lead, iron and copper ores, in various localities in this county, but little attention has been paid to mining. The " Central Missourian," published at Vienna, sa3''s: "The lead mines opened by "Wiley Williams, in the northwest part of the county, boar favorable indications of being one of the richest deposits of lead in the States." Copper mines which were abandoned several years ago have since been re-opened and yield largely. Iron ore is also found in the county. (For particular location of minerals seen "Parker's Geological Map of Missouri.") There were in February, 1865, 27,000 acres of unentered land m this county. Population in 1860, 27,000. MARION COUNTY Is situated in the east north-east portion of the State. There are very few, if any, counties in Missouri possess- ing a more desirable division of prairie and timber) better soil and building material, or that is better su])- plicd with water. Probably two-thirds of the surface is undulating prairie ; the woodland is in thin groves along the margins of streams, extending here and thei'c out into the prairies, and embraces hickories, oaks, black 126 THE HAND-BOOK OF mSSOUIlt; walnut; sngai* tree, ash, sassafras, (some sassafras treeg are two feet in diameter, and used for rails,) haws, elms, honey, locust, etc. Lead, zinc and iron ores have been found in small quantities, but not sufficient to pay for Working, thus far. Bituminous coal is abundant, under- lying the greater portion of the county. Excellent build- ing stones, clays, etc., abundant. The prairie soil is generally underlaid by a thick layer of silicious marl, which contains all the elements necessary to render it exceedingly fertile, and adapted to most purposes of farming, either in Avet or dry seasons. There is a cave in this county which has been explored a distance of ten miles. Population in 18G0, 4,875. Principal towns, Hannibal, Palmyra, Marion City and Philadelphia. m'donald county Is situated in the extreme southwestern corner of the State, bounded on the south by the Arkansas State line, and on the west by the Indian Territory. The surface of the country is broken, and much of the upland sterile and unproductive for some crops, but well adapted for fruit culture. The valleys are fertile and adapted to stock growing purposes. The county is well watered by clear, rapid streams, some of which afford excellent water power for mills or manufactories, which Avould prove of great advantage to the community, and profit- able to the proprietors. The timber consists of oak - walnut, pine, cedar, wild cherry, etc. Probably four- fifths of the county is timber land. Farmers and stock growers, with capital, and manufacturers to improve the THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI.. 127 excellent water power are much needed. A good por- tion of the year Elk river is navigable, by which pro- duce is flat-boated down into the Arkansas to Fort Gibson and Van Buren, Ark. After disposing of the pro- duce, the boats are readily sold at good prices. There is considerable lead ore in the northern part of the county. Acres of unentered land in February, 1865, 255,000. Population in 1860, 3,976. MERCER COUNTY I?i situated on the Iowa State line, about midway be- tween the two great rivers that wash either shore of the nothern part of the State. The surface is_ level and un- dulating, with about an equal division of prairie and timber. The soil is generally fertile and yields as fol- lows : Of hemp, 1000 lbs. per acre ; tobacco, 1000 ; corn, 100 bushels ; wheat, 33 bushels ; rye, 40 ; oats, 50 ; buck- wheat, 40 J while the yield of vegetables will compare favorably with almost any section. Of Hungarian grass, as high as seven tons, and of timothy, five tons, are said to have been cut per acre. These farm statistics, though furnished by farmers, I believe to be above the average yield. The county has an abundance of excellent tim- ber and building stone ; strong, fertile soils, is veiy well watered, has a healthy climate and good demand for all kinds of produce. Coal, iron and copper have been found in the county in small quantities, but no mines opened. Population in 18G0, 9,286. MILLER COUNTY Is situated in the south, central part of the State, and 128 THE lUND-BOOK OP MISSOURI.. contains an area of about 570 square miics. The surface of tho country is generally broken timber land, and with the exception of the^valleyS; the soil is thin and sterile. The county is intersected by the Osage river, which is navigable for small boats from four to six months in the year. Some good mill sites are found on Tavern and Auglaize creeks, and there is an abundance of excellent sugar maple, walnut and oak for lumber. The soil and climate are well adapted to fruit culture, and also to Btock growing. Tho yield of tobacco (a very profitable ci'op), is above the average. The common varieties of fruit are abundant. The county is well adapted to stock raising. Grazing lands occupy a fair proportion of the -county. Timothy yields two and a half tons j Hungarian grass, three tons; oats, 35 bushels; corn, 65 bushels, and wheat, 25 bushels to the acre. Both lead and iron exist in the county^ Population in 1860, 6,316. MISSISSIPPI COUNTr Is situated in the southeastern part of tho State, and is well named, as the Mississippi river washes a good por- tion of the northern, eastern and southern borders of the county. The eoil is rich, alluvial river bottoms — every way as productive as the delta of ancient Egypt. Owing to the peninsular shape of the county, and the fact that the James Bayou runs through its centre al- most the entire length, having as much fall in 21 miles as the river has in 75, the land is susceptible of being drained at trifling expense. To protect the country from overflow, tho county built some 30 miles of iGvee. THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 129 at an expense of nearly $100,000. The staple crop ia corn, of which from 60 to 100 bushels per acre are raised. Wheat thrives on the prairies. Vegetables grow to an immense size. Peaches yield finely. The pecon yields abundanl3^ The Cairo and Fulton railroad has been completed, and running to Charleston, for two years, or more. For a minute description of this county see "Missouri As It Is," pages 321 to 325. Population in 1860, 3,762. MONITEAU COUNTY Is probably the most centrally located county in the State. It presents every variety of surface, from the low alluvial bottoms of the Missouri to the high prairie lands of the south and west, which rise from an altitude ranging from 350 to 500 feet above the Missouri river. The sui'face is broken or hilly, with about an equal division of prairie and timber. The richest and deepest soil is found in the alluvial bottoms, in the northeast portion of the county, and in the valleys of the Moniteau, Moroau, and iheir ti'ibutaries. There is an abundance of timber. There are a great many " sink holes" in the northern and western portions of the count}', generally near the bluffs along the streams, which terminate in fissures or caverns in the rocks beneatiu Eich beds of both bituminous and cannel coal are found in the county, and mines are already worked to advantage in severaj parts of the county. Lead ore has been discovered at vai'ious localities in all those portions of the county where magnesian limestone forms the surface rock. These locations are shown upon the Geological map. 130 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. Openings have been made in Township 45, Range 14, and Township 4G, Range 15, Popuh.tioa in 1860, 10,202. MONROE COUNTY Is situated about the centre of the nortlieast part of the State. About two-thirds of the county is timber — the prairies small and fertile. The general character of the county is undulating, and the timber consists of oaks, hickories, ash, elm, hackberry, walnut, buckeye, sugar, maple, linn and birch. The country is well watei'ed, and numerous pprings are found in various parts of the county. WilLams' spring, at Paris, is one of consider- able note. The soil is generally fertile and well adapted to all purposes of the farmer or stock grower. The higher rolling lands are well adapted to the growth of fine tobacco, which has been one of the principal staples of the county. This has been a good stock growing region from its first settlement. A large portion of the county is underlaid with workable beds of coal, and banks are opened in a few localities. Building materials of all kinds abundant. Farmers, mechanics, steam mills, brick and stone masons are wanted. Good water-power unimproved. Population in 1860, 11,865. MONTGOMERY COUNTY Is situated in the eastern part of the State, on the Tiorth shore of the Missouri river. This county was created fi-om St. Charles, in 181 8, and some of the most daring battles fought between the pioneers and the savages occurred upon territory now embraced within its limits. THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 131 The northern portion of the county is level prairie — the southern broken timber land. Cannel coal has been lound in considerable quantities near Danville, and bitu- minous coal near Wellsville, is very abundant. The whole county is underlaid with coal. There are fino springs, good building stone, clay for bricks, etc. The soil is generally fertile, and adapted to all the purposes of agriculture. Stock growing could bo profitably con- ducted. Having the ]Missouri river on the south, for shipment, and being traversed by the North Missouri raih'oad, the county possesses superior commercial facilities. Population in 1860, 7,363. MORGAN COUNTY Is situated in the central part of the State. The surface of the county is undulating, with about an equal division of prairie and timber. The [)rairies and valleys along the streams are very fertile, and produce large crops of all the fruits, grains, grasses and vegetables that grow in this latitude. Lead ore, bituminous and cannel coal, limestone and fi-eestone are found in various parts of the county. The principal natural advantages of Morgan county are a healthy climate, fertile soil, good schools, an intelligent community, cheap lands, and a good market for produce ; and for building purposes good material of all kinds. It is said there is a cava in this county, near the Gravois, which opens at the base of a hill, and extends through it a distance of 200 yards — through which a person can easily ride on horseback, but wo have never seen it. Principal towns, Versailles, 132 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. Syracuse, Tuckerville, Mining Point, etc. Tlie county is traversed by the Pacific railroad. Population in 1860^ 7,624. NEW MADRID COUNTY Is situated near the southeastern extremity of the State, bounded on the east by the Mississippi river, which separates it from Tennessee and Kentucky. This and adjoining counties embrace most of what is termed in the Government surveys as "the Swamp Eegion." The general surface of the country is a level plain, watered by lakes and sluggish streams, and some portions are heavily timbered with oaks, ash, hickory, wah.ut, hack- berry, boxwood, coffee-bean, black locust, black and Bweet gum and cypress. The soil is exceedingly fertile, and produces enormous jdelds of corn, wheat, oats, hemp, cotton and all root crops. Corn and stock, however, have been the staple products. It is estimated there is more corn raised here, at a better profit, than in any other county in the State. For a more lengthy descrip- tion of this county, also a history of the earthquakes of 1811-12, see " Missouri As It Is, in 1865." Population in 1860, 3,886. NEWTON COUNTY Is situated in the southwestern comer of the State, bordered on the west by the Kansas State fine. Tho face of tho country is generally undulating, with prairio and timber about equally divided. This county embraces some of the finest agricultural lands in Southern Mis- souri, both valley and upland. Tho valleys of nearly all tho streams aro rich and well timbered with oak, hick- THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 133 ory, walnut, elm hackberry, mulberry, and a great abundance of native grape vines, Indian, Hickory Shoal, Copp's creek and Lost creek affords water power which is seldom excelled. This county is the heart or centre of what the State G-eologist has pronounced "one of the best lead regions in the world." (For full partic- ulars as to location of minerals, see Geological map of Missouri, just published.) Granby and Neosho are the principal mining and smelting points. Sulphuret of zinc has also been found in a number of mines. Lead forms the principal staple of Newton county, yet the agricultural pursuits will prove very remunerative. Soil well adapted to fruit culture. Stock growing will pay well. Hopes are entertained of the early completion of the Southwest Branch of the Pacific railroad. For more detailed statements see " Missouri As It Is/' pages 337 to 341. NODAWAY COUNTY Is situated in what is known as " The Platte Country," in the northwestern part of the State. It embraces both prairie and timber j the soil is fertile, undulating, and some portions broken. As to fertility, the soil is hardly surpassed in the State. The county is well watered by the Platte, Hundred-and-Two, and Nodaway, each affording excellent water power for manufactories and mills. Farmers, stock growers, manufacturers and mechanics will here find attractive inducements for in- vestment and business. Population in 1860, 6,136.^ OREGON COUNTY Is situated on the southern line of the State. A great 134 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, portion of the land is too rough and sterile for profitable cultivation — probably not over one-fifth being what can be considered farming land. It is all naturally timber land — principally oaks, hickory, ash and walnut ; but the north part of the county embraces some fine large pine timber, which, to render available, must be sawed by steam mills — there being no water power convenient. Both lead and copper in the county. Population ia 1860, 3,428. OSAGE COUNTY, Situated near the centre of the State, is bonnded on the north by the Missom-i river, on the west by the Osage, and four townships in its southeast corner are traversed by the Gasconade. The first settlements made here by persons from the Eastern States and by Germans. The general character of the country is uneven, and some portions broken and sterile. The vallej's, and much of the table-land is fertile, and what are known as the " breaks of the Osage," have been discovered to bo rich in lead ore, and it is believed iron ore will be found abundant in some parts of the county. Pieces of iron ore have been picked up on the surface of several hills, and surface load ore, yielding 80 per cent, of pure lead has been found in a number of places near the Gascon- ade river. Excellent limestone abundant. The county is well timbered with oak, hickory, black walnut, etc., and saw mills would do well on the Gasconade, Osage or Maries; the lumber or furniture could easily bo trans- ported down these streams to the Pacific railroad or the Missouri river. Several Germans are turning their at- THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 135 tcntion to grape cixlture, and are confident that the cheap " flint hills " will produce more, with less labor, than more fertile soil cultivated for other purposes. Osage is not a first-rate agricultural county, yet the average yield per acre of the farms under cultivation is reported to us to be as follows : Corn, 75 bushels; wheat, 30; rye, 40; barley, 50; oats, 50; buckwheat, 50; tobacco, 1500 lbs. The root crops and frait product is probably a little less than an average with counties in the same latitude. Wanted in this county — a wideawake news- paper, a few go-ahead farmers, manufacturers, tanners, coopers, tobacco and plow manufacturers, saw mills, furniture factories, mechanics and capitalists. But nearly every county in the State present good openings for all these classea. OZARK.-COUNTY Is situated in the southern portion of the State, bordei'- ing on the Arkansas State line. As will be seen by re- ference to the map, it is well watered, and Little North Fork alfords excellent water power. The general sur- face of the country is hilly or mountainous, and covered with forests of timber, consisting of oak, hickory and yellow pine, the latter attaining a great size. But little attention has been given to farming, but some farmers claim to have produced, per acre, as high as 90 bushels of corn, 30 bushels of wheat, and 30 bushels of oats. There arc four water-power saw mills, and eight water- power flouring mills in the county. Much of the lumber used for building in several adjoining counties west and northwest, was made in Oregon and Douglas counties, 136 THE HAND-BOOK OF JflSSOURI. and probably as good yellow pine as there ig in the State, is found here. Population in I860, 4;921. PEMISCOT COUNTY Is situated in tho extreme southeastern corner of tho State, bordering on the Mississippi river. This county is in the district that suffered so much from the earth- quakes of 1811-12, and the numerous lakes spread over the county are left as " land marks " of that unusual occurrence. The greater portion of the county is sub- ject to overflow from the Mississippi, but the citizens are building a levee which will protect them from this, and reclaim many thousand acres from inundation. Tho soil is very fertile bottom land, of an alluvial formation, heavily timbered with oaks, ash, elm, hickory, cotton- wood, sycamore and cypress. Tho climate is probably as healthy as any section similarly situated. Iron ore is tho only mineral found in this county. Bog ore is abundant in Little River township, in the western part of the county. All kinds of grain yield immense crops — wheat, oats, corn, rye, millet, etc., produce well. The grasses, water and climate are all favorable for stock- growing, for which no county offers greater induce- ments. Farm products of all kinds can bo shipped to southern cities at trifling cost. This section was first settled as early as 1700, by Spanish colonies, and in 1802, by citizens from various parts of the United States. It v,as almost depopulated by the earthquakes of 1811-12, the citizens moving to other sections. A number of lakes were here formed at that time, by tho settling of THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 137 the earths' surface — the largest, Lake Pemiscot, eight by fifteen miles in -size. PERRY COTTNTY, Situated in the east-southeastern part of the State, be- sides being watered on the northeast by the Mississippi river for thirty miles, is walered also by Apple, Saline, Cape Cinquo Homme and Bois Brule creeks. The sur- face is generally broken, well timbered, and the soil well adapted to most agricultural products. Both iron and lead ore have been found in the county, but no ex- tensive mining done. An excellent quality of white marble is found also, which, when quarried, is soft, and variegated with blue ; after having been polished the blue assumes a green tinge, and the marble hardens upon exposure. The Bois Brule (burnt wood) bottom extend- ing along the Mississippi river — 25 miles long by a width of three miles — is one of the most fertile alluvians found anywhere. The immense yields of agricultural products from these bottoms are truly surprising. The soil of the county is admirally adapted to the cultiva- tion of light tobacco, which is now one of the most pro- fitable of all crops. Population in 1860, 10,017. PETTIS COUNTY Is situated in the west central part of the State. The principal timber of the county consists of groves situated along the streams, stretching some distance up their smaller branches, forming a fair proportion of timber land for the cultivation of the prairie of the county. The surface of the county is principally prairie, and lo8 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. generally very fertile. Large and lasting springs of clear cold water flow from the earth in various locations, and salt springs exist from which neighborhoods have manufixctured their own salt. Coal, lead and iron ex- ist in paying quantities. The county is traversed by the Pacific railroad. Of farm products we have the follow- ing statistics of the yield: Grapes, 100 bushels per acre; hemp, 1200 lbs.; tobacco, 800 lbs.; flax, 200 lbs.; corn, 100 bushels; wheat, 50 bushels; rye, 20 bushels; barley, 40 ; oats, 50; buckwheat, 20; potatoes, 150; timothy, IJ tons; clover, 2 tons; Hungarian grass, 3 tons. Chinese sugar cane, fruit of all kinds and vegetables yield well. Several unimproved sites for water power. Good openings for farmers, mechanics, manufacturers, etc. Population in 1860, 9,503. PHELPS COUNTY, Situated in the southeastern part of tho State, was form- ed from Crawford county, and organized in 1857. The first, and as yet most important settlement made in the county is at the Maramec Iron Works. These pioneer works of Missouri are located in section 1, township 37, range 6 west, and are driven by a large spring, which is the chief source of the Maramec river, and discharges in the dryest seasons 10,000 gall dus of water per minute, and with a fall of 12 feet, turns seven large water wheels, which drive a furnace-blast, forge-blast, ancony forge, chafl'cry forge, bloom forge, grist mill and saw mill. (For a full description of those works, see " Missouri As It Is," pages 852 and 353.) Specular and hematite iron ore are found in immense quantities, and sulphuret of THE HAND-BOOK 0& MSSOtRI". 139 lead ore in several localities, shown upon the Goological map, just issued. The surface of the country is rolling, the western portion being most broken, particularly in the vicinity of the streams where (after ascending from the valleys) the soil is thin and the surface broken into rough ridges," which are succeeded further trom the streams by more moderately undulating slopes and better soil. Some of the finest farming lands in the county are in the woodlands and prairio, upon the divide be- tween the Maramec and Borbeuse. Farmers will find Bub-soiliug the uplands profitable. The vallej's arc generally heavily timbered with white and bur oak, hickory, white and black walnut, maples, dogwood and thorn. A variety of graj)es are found upon the ridges, and will produce well if cultivated, and much of the soil is admirably adapted to fruit and grape culture. Good water power, pi-incipally '•unimproved, may be found upon Bear creek. Little Pinoy, Dry Fork, Maramec and Borbeuse. We have never visited the localitj", but arc informed that the Dry Fork, South Fork and North Fork of the Piney all sink into the earth and are lost sight of for ten to twelve miles, and again reappear near where the Pacific railroad crosses Big Piney — in a spring 40 feet in diameter and 20 feet deep, the water very clear and cold. The stream formed by this spring flows into the Big Piney about 100 feet from the spring, affording in that distance water power, directly on the railroad, having a fliU of eight feet. Capitalists could profitably erect saw and planing mills at this point, as there are immense forests of the best _of ^yellow pine a 1 10 THE HAND-BOOK OF MIGSOUBI. few railos up th3 Big Pincy, and lumber after being planed would not depreciate by retaining ^rit, when rafted down the rivers to market. Rolla, the county- Beat, has become an important military post, and is the present terminus of the Southwest Branch of the Pacific railroad. PIKE COUNTY, Situated on the Mississippi river^ is among the oldest counties in the State, and was settled by persons from the Southern States. The face of the country is undu- lating, and in many places near the river quite broken. Originally one-third of the county was prairie land, the remainder well covered with walnut, linn, hackbeny, sugar tree, elm, ash and black and white oak. There are numerous fresh water and saline springs in the county. The coun / is very well watered. It is under- laid Avith limestone, sandstone, soapstone, and the Mis- souri buhr stone, is also found in some localities. The soil and productions are much the same as those of Palls and Lincoln, which, see for full descriptions. On the prairies the soil is a deep black loam, exceedingly fertile. That on the upland, especially on the ridges, is thin and more particularly^ adapted to small grain and fruit. Among the natural advantages may be named good soil for all kinds of grain and grasses — most kinds of fruits and vegetables, a healthy climate, good water, plenty of timber and coal in the western part of the county. Easy access by river to good markets. Popula- tion in 18G0, 18,338. PLATTE COUNTY Is situated in the southwestern part of the State, in the THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 141 great bend, wlid'e the Missouri river changes from its southern to an easterly course. This county forms the southern point of the ''Phitte Purchase." The surface of the country is diversified "with forests of valuable timber and undulating prairies, the soil of which ig un- surpassed in fertility, and is generally well cultivated. The county is well watered by the Platte river, Brush, Eush and Bee creeks and their tributaries. In 1850 this county produced more hemp than anv other county in the Union, more wheat and better than any other in Missouri, and was surj)assedin the amount of corn raised by but one county'. One farmer last season raised SI, GOO worth of corn from 20 acres, besides feeding all his farm stock. A farmer extensively engaged in raising hemp informs us his average crop is 1120 lbs. of Chinese hemp to the acre, and that he can raise hemp on this land twelve or fifteen j^ears in succession Avithout manure or vest. For particulars as to hemp culture, and statistics of this county, see " Missouri As It Is," pages 307 to 3G0. Population in ISGO, 18,495. POLK COUNTY Is situated in the south w-estern portion of the State. The topograph}^ of this county is agreeably diversified with rolling prairies, picturesque hills and wooded valleys. The surface is generally undulating, except along tho streams, where it is broken in many places by rugged cliifs and rocky hills. The county is very well watered b}"- creeks and springs. In the bottoms of tho Pomme de Torre, the remains of tho mastodon and mammoth. 142 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. with other species now extinct have been found imbedcd, with the bones of the bear, buffalo, elk, etc. The most productive soils of the upland is on the limestone hills of the Sac and its ti'ibutaries, while the bottom lands or valleys of the same streams are unsurpassed in fertility. In some parts of the county the land is poor, and the timbered ridges too rocky and sterile for cultivation. Tobacco is a sure and profitable crop. The soil is well adapted to cereals, roots and grasses that flourish in this latitude ; corn, oats, wheat and timothy are considered as certain crops. Apples, peai'S, peaches and plums yield plcntifiiU}^. Grape culture would jirove very successful — Indigenous varieties grow in abundance. Owing to the want of facilities for transportation to market, (until the Southwest Branch is completed,) stock growing will probably be the most pleasant and profitable business for farmers. In past year.'; 2000 horses and mules have been taken to the cotton States, and a much larger number of cattle to St. Louis and other markets. Sheep thrive well, the climate being most favorable to their growth. There are four steam and five water power mills, two distillei'ies and four carding machines in the county. These remarks will generally apply to adjoining counties, PULASKI COUNTY Is situated in the south central pai't of the State. The country is generally broken — some of the hills and ridges attaining an elevation of from sixty to five hund- red feet above the water courses. The so called " post oak flats " are less rough, and some portions only gently THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 143 undulating, and others too low and flat for cultivation, in certain seasons of the year. The most extensive flats lie between the Gasconade river, Eobideaux and Big Piney creek, east of the latter, and also upon the ridges in the northern part of the county. When this soil is plowed, it becomes more dry and makes good farming land. The vallej's, though narrow, are very fertile, especially the most extensive — called "Prairie Hollows." The valleys of the Gasconade and Big Piney riv'ers and Eobideaux creek are heavily timbered with oaks, black walnut, hickory, majjlc, elm, Cottonwood, dogwood and basswood. Some of the hills near the streams are also heavil}^ timbered. All kinds of building materials are abundant. Specular, sulphuret and brown hematite iron ores are found in woi-king quantities in several localities. Large quantities of saltpetre have been found in several of the caves in this county. PUTNAM COUNTY Is situated in the north central part of the State, bound- ed on the north by the Iowa State line. The eastern portion of the county is principally timber, while the central and western is prairie and timber diversified. The county is drained by Medicine, Locust, the two Blackbirds, Muscle Fork and Spring creek. The soil is very fertile and well adapted to all farming purposes. Corn is the staple product, but all kinds of grain flourishes. Stock growing has received considerable attention. Conl of good quality is abundant iu various portions of the county. There are 18 saw mills (five 144 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. water and 13 steam power), and three steam flonring mills in the county. Excellent openings for every branch of industry. Population in 18G0, 9,240. BALLS COUNTY. The general surface of this county is broken and un- dulating — about five-eighths timber land, and three- eighths prairie. The timber consists of black and white oak, hickory, elm, walnut, hackberry, sugar tree, ash, etc. As to fertilitj'" the soil may bo set down as above the average. It produces, per acre, corn, 100 bushels ; wheat; GO bushels; rye, 30; oats, 70; potatoes, 200; onions, 300, and other crops in proportion. Timothj^ and Hungarian grass yield very well, while native prairie grass grows luxuriantly, affording pasturage from the middle of April to the middle of October. Saline springs in several localities. Stock raising has been carried on more extensively than any other branch of husbandry. Sheep raising would pay well. There are eight steam and four water-power saw mills in the county. The farmer will find good unimproved land at fair prices, well watered, timber or prairie, plenty of coal in the western part of the county; facilities for reaching market by river or railroad, etc. Population in 18G0, 7,879. RANDOLPH COUNTY ]s situated north of the centre of the State, bounded on the south by Iloward and Boone counties, which separ- ate it fi-om the Missouri river. The face of the country is generally level or undulating — about one-fifth prairie, THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 145 with timber abundant and convenient to most parts of the county. Limestone, clay for brick, and building materials are abundant. The soil is generally fertile, and well adapted to all farming purposes. Some valu- able mill or manufacturing sites on the East Fork and Chariton river. Stock growing has proved very profit- able. Coal abundant in nearly every portion of the county. The county is traversed by the North Missouri railroad, affording excellent facilities for transportation to market. For early history of this county, in detail, see "Missouri As It Is in 1865/' pages 369 to 372. Population in I860; 11,452. RAY COUNTY, Situated on the north bank of the Missouri river in tho western part of the State, embraces a desirable division of prairie and timber land. The various kinds of oak, elm, hickory, walnut, maple, hackberry, etc. About two-fifths of the county is timber land, one-fourth bottom land, and over two-thirds tillable land. All kinds of grains, grasses, fruit and vegetables yield well. This county is admirably adapted to grazing purposes, being well watered, with an abundance of fine grass land range. Lime stone springs are abundant, and some tar or oil springs in the county, principally along Crook- ed river and its tributaries, and on the head waters of TVaconda creek. It is believed that rich deposits of petroleum will be found in this county. Nodules of lead have been found in coal banks near Eichmond, and silver has been found on Eocky Fork of Crooked river, o 146 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. seven miles northwest from Eichmond, the traces of old " diggings " have been found in this vicinity. A number of coal mines are worked successfully, for home production. Several companies have purchased or leased lands, and are preparing to bore for petroleum. The St. Louis Company own 320 acres, near the county-seat, and expect to commence operations early in May. Tho Western Branch of tho North Missouri railroad will traverse this county. REYNOLDS COUNTY Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, bound- ed on the north by Iron and Dent. Tho face of tho country is rough and broken, and in many portions the scenery is wild and beautiful. The county is heavily timbered with forests of yellow pine, ash, hickory, etc. Some of the high table lands are susceptible of cultiva- tion, and the valleys and bottom lands are very pro- ductive. Many of the ridges usually looked upon as worthless, contain the proper elements to render them very productive orchards and vineyards. Excellent water power for iron and lead manufactories, mills, etc. Extensive deposits of hematite iron ore, and numerous beds of lead (as shown upon Parker's Geological Map,) exist in vai'ious localities. Turpentine, rosin and lumber could be manufactured here profitably. Population in 1860, 3,320. RIPLEY COUNTY Is situated in the southeastern part of tne State, bound- ed on the south hy the Arkansas State line. Tho general THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURL. 4.47 surface of the country is undulating, and SOtfie portions quite rough. It is traversed from north to south by the Current river, and also drained by Fourehe and Mill creeks, and other tributaries of Big Black and Current rivers. Some of the streams afford excellent unimproved water power. Clear, cold water springs aro abundant in this and Carter counties, and the streams are clear, cool and rapid. The uplands and ridges aro timbered principally with yellow pine and red cedar — the former growing to an immense size, offering inducements to energetic capitalists for the manufacture of turpentine, rosin, wooden-ware, lumber, etc. Besides the abovo named^ oaks, elms, walnut and hickories are abundant. There is an abundance of iron and lead ores, and very favorable indications of rich beds of copper. It has rich mineral deposits waiting to be developed... Population In 1860, 3,700. SALINE COUNTY Is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, noaf the center of the State, cast and west, and is bounded on the northwest, northeast and east, ly ine Missouri river. The distance from whoro the river strikes the county, to where it leaves it -.t Arrow Ilock, is about 90 miles, and by an air Lno between the two points, but 32 miles. The surface of the country is undulating, and is about two- thirds prairio. The deficiency of timber is more than compensated by the extensive bed of cannel or bitumin- ous coal that underlies most of the county, and is gener- ally near the surface. The soil is exceedingly fertile, especially on .the bottoms and upland prairies. It is 148 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. well adapted to the culture of hemp and tobacco, hence for most other products. Some farms yield, per acre, of hemp, 1300 pounds; tobacco, 1200 ; corn, 100 bushels J wheat, 40; rye, 50; barley, 60; oats, 50; buckwheat, 40; potatoes, 300; turnips, 400; clover, 4 tons; timothy, 3 tons; Hungarian grass, 5 tons, with a good return of apples, peaches, pears, etc. Springs, both saline and fresh, are numerous, affording excellent water for all purposes, agricultural and mechanical. Limestone, Bandstone, and lead ore exist in this county.. eCHUYLER COUNTY Is situated in the northeastern part of the State, bound- ed on the north by the Iowa State line. The surface of the county is undulating, and about one-third of it broken. It is all fertile, and susceptible of cultivation, about two-thirds timber, and the remainder prairie land. The soil and climate are well adapted to the culture of most kinds of grains and grasses, yielding as follows : "Wheat, 20 bushels; corn, 80; rye, 25; oats, 40; buckwheat, 25; potatoes, 200; onions, 400; beets, 500; turnips, 200; hemp, 600 pounds; tobacco, 1000 pounds; timothy, 2 tons, and Hungarian grass, 8 tons per acre. The North Missouri railroad will bo completed at an early day, and will pass through the center of the county. Population in 1860, 6,721. SCOTLAND COUNTY I Is situated in the north northeastern part of the State, bordering on the Iowa line. The surface of the country is undulating, and consists principally of prairies. It is THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 149 very -well watered. The timber is principally oak, hickory, elni; etc. The soil is generally fertile and well adapted to farming or grazing purposes. For capacity of soil, etc., see description of Schuyler county. Popula- tion in I860; 9.351. SCOTT COUNTY Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, on the Mississippi river. In the northern and western part of the county the surface is broken and uneven, and many of the highlands and ridges underlaid with the same limestone so abundant at Cape Girardeau — so superior for building purposes. The soil on the uplands is in- clined to be sterile and thin, while that of the valleys, prairies and bottoms is exceedingly fertile. The south- ern portion is covered with extensive cypress swamps, ^ and where susceptible of cultivation is very rich and produces bountiful crops of corn, oats, tobacco, veget- ables and grass. Some as fine vegetables as are grown in the State were produced in this county. The county- seat has recently been removed from Benton, in the in- terior, to Commerce, situated on the Mississippi river. Population in 1860, 5,247. SHANNON COUNTY Is situated in the south southeast part of the State. The physical features of the county are similar to those of Reynolds county — generally broken and well timbered. The greater portion of the soil is well adapted to fruit and grape culture, and to the production of grasses and cereals. The valleys are generally fertile. The Current 150 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUBI. is a rapid stream, as its name indicates, affording an fibiihdance of water power, which could be improved to advantage. But few farms are opened yet ; and some portions have been looked upon as unproductive, yet there are farms which have produced, per acre, wheat, SO bushels; rye, 30; oats, 30; potatoes, 150; turnips, 200; tobacco, 1000 pounds, and an abundance of apples, peaches, grapes, etc. This county is rich in minerals, containing immense deposits of iron, lead and copper ores. Some gold has been discovered in hornblende and quartz rock, associated with magnetic iron ores — as yet entirely undeveloped. Copper ore, very pure, abounds on Current river. A boat load was shipped to Europe, some years ago, and sold in a crude state, at a high price. ST. CHARLES COUNTY Is situated in the eastern part of the State, occupying a narrow strip of land lying between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, opposite the mouth of the Illinois — hence it is seen that two of the largest streams in America wash the shores of this county. The divid- ing ridge between the two rivers is rolling, and in some places broken. The bottom land is level, and exceedingly fertile — about one-fourth prairie and the remainder timber land. There is about one-tenth bottom land. The timber consists- of white, black, Spanish, red and post of.ks, hickory, walnut, ash, cottonwood, elm, hack- berry, linden, sycamore, cherry, dogwood, red-bud, etc. Of the upland, about two-thirds is tillable. The soil yields abundant crops of all kinds of grains, grasses, THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 151 fruits and vegetables. Many portions are well adapted for stock gi'owing — affording excellent meadows and tamo grass pastures. The town of Augusta would be an excellent location for a woolen manufactory. All classes of business men, farmers and stockgrowers will find chances for profitable investment and lucrative business. Population in 18G0, 16,370. ST. CLAIR -COUNTY Is situated in the west southwest part of the State, separated from the Kansas State line, by Yernon and Bates counties. The surface is diversified and rolling, with a desirable division of prairie and timber. The soil is well adapted to most farming purposes, and ad- mirably adapted for stock growing. There is always an active demand, at good prices, for all kinds of stock. This county contains some iron ore, and indications of lead. There are in this county 10,000 acres of unentered Government land. Population in 1860, 6,256. ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The faco of the country is rather broken, less than one-tenth bottom land, and about four-fifths tillable land. It is an excellent grazing country, and stock growing has been the principal business of the farmers. Good crops of corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., are produced, also very heavy yields of all kinds of fruit. Admirably adapted to grape culture. Well watered with clear, strong springs. Of minerals, there are copper, iron, lead, cobalt, nickel, etc. All that is wanting is capital and 152 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. enterprise for developing the the mineral resourcea. Mines are already opened in at least 25 different locali- ties. Available water power on the St. Francois, Big Eiver, Tar Blue, "Wolf creek, Back creek, etc. One mill been running on Big Eiver for 30 years. Five steam grist mills and three steam saw mills in the county. Iron Mountain railroad runs through the edge of the county. The Cook settlement is one of the best neigh- borhoods, and located upon the most extensive and fertile tracts of laud in southeast Missouri. Population of county in 1860, 7,549. STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY Is situated on the Mississippi river^ in the east south- east part of the State. The surface is generally hilly and broken — the valleys and river bottoms fertile and well adapted to all farming purposes. This county has been settled for many years. The town of Ste. Genevieve is the shipping point for an extensive region of country, and is connected with the Iron Mountain Railway by a turnpike and plank road. The limestone and white sand from this county are of very superior qualities, and are shipped to considerable distances for building — and the sand for manufacturing glass. There are also extensive deposits of lead in the county, and indications of Petroleum that justify investigation. Population in 1860, 7,199. ST. XOUIS COUNTY, Situated in the eastern part of the State, occupies' the point of liind formed by the confluanco of tlio Missouri THE HAUD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 153 with tEe Mississippi rivor, and contains an area of about 530 square miles. The surface is undulating and pleas- antly diversified. The county is underlaid with a bed of what is named by western geologists as " St. Louis Limestone," well adapted for building purposes, as well as for the manufacture of lime. There are also, in the northern part of the county, immense quantities of fire- clay and hydraulic limestore. The soil is generally very fertile. The Citt op St. Louis — tho Metropolis of the Missis- sippi Valley. What can be said, in so small a space as this work affords, of this substantial, com.pactly built city — her numerous institutions of learning, and other public buildings, her hotels— two of which are unsurpassed anywhere, for size, cost or magnificence; her commo- dious churches, palatial residences, extensive manufac- tories, and all the varied features that combine to make up a prosperous and thrifty city of two hundred thous- and inhabitants ? St. Louis is built upon solid rock, tho buildings are all of marble or brick, and her business men as a class, are as firm and reliable as the immovable rock. Their business character, like their buildings, is based upon a solid foundation. Tlie citizens are gener- ous, hospitable, social, intelligent, liberal-minded, and need only the energy and enterprise of the Eastern people diffused amongst them, to place this city in the first rank amoug the great cities of this continent. As a manufacturing point, St. Louis has no rival in tho West, and scarcely one on this continent — as far as her natural advantages are concerned. With tho abundance 154 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. and variety of all the useful minerals in their purest forms ; of fuel; of a good quality, at a reasonable price j of timber, in great variety ; of the adaptability of the soil and climate of our State to produce wool and cotton, and with the unlimited capacity of this great agricul- tural State to supply all kinds of provisions at a low rata, for the support of a dense population — combining in so high a degree all these natural advantages, St. Louis is destined to become an extensive manufacturing center, nor is there any good reason why this city shall not be- come, in time, as famous as Sheffield, Birmingham and Manchester, in the manufacture of metals, and of cottons and woolens, and at the same time proportionately increase her already extensive trade and commerce. "What are the facts respecting the growth of St. Louis, the past fifty years ? During that period the increase of population has been greater than the increase of New York city. This has been, too, during a period when she has labored against all the discouragements entailed upon her by the thralldom of Slavery. Now that Mis- souri is Free, and the new era has been thoroughly in- augurated, we anticipate for the State and for the city a bright, a glorious future. Assuming that the reader is coming to Missouri, then of course to St. Louis to pur- chase his outfit for farming, mining, manufacturing, merchandising or house-keeping, he will then see St. Louis as it is, and he will therefore pardon us for not attempting to describe in detail, in a page or two, a city to which, to do justice, would require a volume. TUE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUEI. 155 SHELBY COUNTY Is situated in the cast northeast part of tho State'. The general surftice of tho county is rolling or undulating, with one-fourth timber land, embracing oak, walnut, hickory and elms. About one-tenth of tho county is bottom lands, and probably three-fourths tillable upland. The soil is well adapted to tho culture of corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, sorghum, hemp, tobacco, and all kinda of fruit and vegetables. From the abundance of nativo grape vines, this is evidently well adapted to grapo culture. Numerous coal banks along Salt river and Ten« Mile creek. This county is unsurpassed for grazing pur- poses. Good water-power on Salt river. Very little machinery in operation. Good flouring mills are great- ly needed. The county has a largo school fund, and public schools are generally well sustained. A salubrious climate, with an abundance of excellent land at low prices, fertile soil, and with all facilities for forming, stock raising and fruit growing, are inducements worthy the consideration of those seeking homes in Missouri. Population in 1860, 7,718. STODDARD COUNTY ( Is situated in the, northeastern portion of tho State. The northern portion is hilly and broken — the eastern and southern portion marshy and covered by swamps, to a considerable extent. This county, as well as Mississippi and New Madrid counties, which join it on the east, suffered considerably by the earthquakes of 1811-12. The up-lands are not generally fertile, however, produce 156 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. good crops. The valleys and bottom lands aro very productive. There aro extensive bodies of cypress in some portions of the county, and tjie whole county is well timbered — embracing all kinds of oak, ash, hickory, black walnut, etc. Corn, tobacco, and all cereals grow finely. Bog iron ore abundant. First rate winter range in the swamps, and good facilities for stock grow- ing. Population in 1860, 7,942. STONE COUNTY Is situated in the southwestern part of the State, bor- dering on the Arkansas line — about three-fourths of the county timber land — ash, hickory, walnut and pine — the tillable land about equally divided between bottom and up-land. Corn, wheat, oats, Hungarian grass, hemp, tobacco, sugar-cane, timothy, cotton, p,nd all kinds of fruit yield good returns. Native grapes grow in abun- dance. This county is well adapted to stock grooving or raising fruit of all kinds. Excellent water power on the James Fork of White tiver. Crane creek and Flat creek. Grist mills, saw mills and carding machines needed. Some signs of lead ore, but no mines open yet. Climate healthy — land cheap. Good inducements for farmers and mechanics. SULLIVAN COUNTY Is situated in the north northeast part of the Stato, separated from the Iowa Stato line by Putnam county. The principal portion of the county is prairie, with an abundance of timber for all practical purposes. The soil is fertile and «,dapted to all purposes of agriculture. THE HAND-BOOK OF JJOSSOUIII. 157 horticulttrro and stock raising. The connty is well watered, some of tlio streams affording water power. Stone coal is abundant, throughout the county. For particulars as to capabilities of the soil, see Grundy and Adair counties, adjoining;, on the east and west. Popu- ktion in 1860, 9,235. TANET COiraTY^ In the south southwest part of the State, bordering on the Arkansas line, is generally broken and hilly. It is watered by White river and numerous tributary creeks some of which furnish water power. The surface ia covered with forests of timber, consisting of oak, hickory and yellow pine, some of the latter attaining an im- mense size. The soil is betteradapted to stock growing and fruit culture than to the ordinary agricultural pur- suits. Both lead and copper are found in considerable quantities in the countj^, but no systematic mining done yet. T' .ere were, in March, 1865, 408,000 acres of land subject to entry, or to location under the Homestead law. Population in 1860, S,540. TEXAS COUNTY Is situated in the south central part of the State. The surface of the country is generally hilly and broken, more particularly adapted to stock growing and the culture of fruit and grapes than for general farming purposes, the soil being generally thin and sterile. The county is heavily timbered with pines, oak, hickory, etc. The valleys of the streams, though nai*row, are fertile, aiid i roducc good crops of most kinds of farm products. 163 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. There were in March, 1865, 153,000 acres of land subject to entry, at $1 25 per acre, in this county. Population in 18G0, G,071. VERNON COUNT* Is situated in the southwest part of the State, bounded on the west by the Kansas State line. The surface of the county is undulating, with a desirable division of prairie and timber land — the former predominating. The county is very well watered, the prairies and valleys furnishing extensive ranges for stock, and being remote from railroads, stock growing would probably prove the most profitable business that cDuld be engaged in. The soil is verj' rich, and yields abundant crops of all the grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables that flourish in this latitude. Farmers and stockgroWers will find ex- cellent land at very low prices, an intelligent and in- dustrious people, and an abundance of coal, with indica- tions of lead ore and Petroleum. Population in 18G0, 4,920. WARREN COUNTY Is situated in the east central part of the State, on the north bank of the Missouri river. The face of the coun- try is undulating — about one-fourth prairie, and the re- mainder timber land — the latter embracing the same varieties as those named in the description of St. Charles county, which joins it on the ca.st. The soil is generally fertile, and yields good crops of wheat, barley, corn, oats, sorghum, tobacco, j-otatoes, hemp, flax, clov'cr, grasses, and all kinds of fruit. The county is well watered with clear, cold springs and streams. An THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 159 abundanco of excellent lime stone, and some indications of iron and lead. Stock growing would prove remun- erative. "Wool manufactories and tan yards are wanted. The town of Augusta oifers superior inducements for the location of a woolen factory. With the Missouri river on one side and North Missouri railroad through the county, good land at fair rates, so near to the best of markets, are inducements not to be overlooked. WASHINGTON COUNir, The surface is generally hilly and broken, covered •with forests of the different varieties of oak, white and black walnut, ash, mulberry, locust, linn, cherry, sugar-tree, buckeye, maple, pine, cedar, etc., but no poplar, beech or chesnut. There is no prairie in the county. The timber is not generally so good on the bills as en the bottom lands. North of Big River the land has a grey or mai'ble appearance, with occasional exceptions, while on the south, the general surface is remarkably red, resembling some counties in Virginia. An immense body of fine timber, known as "Pino Ridge," extends about 25 miles east and west, with an average width of five miles, covered principally with most excellent pine timber — many of the trees two and three feet — a few nearly four feet in diameter, and up- wards of 90 feet high, straight as an arrow. Several saw mills are in operaiion, and companies have recently established works, now in successful operation, for the manufacture of turpentine, rosin, etc., for which there is an almost unlimited demand at prices that will justify the establishing of several similar manufactories. There 160 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. is tin abundance of excellent "water-power. Wherever engaged in, farming has paid -well. All kinds of grain grow well in proper localities, and fruit yields abundantly. Stock growing is very profitable — ranges unlimited. This county is particularly noted for its mineral wealth. The first mining done in the State was in this county, and mining has been continued, almost uninterruptedly to the present time, and, though some of the old mines have been deserted, it is hardly probable that at any locality, the mineral has been exhausted. As high as 3,000,000 pounds of lead, per annum, have been made in this county, according to returns from the 14 furnaces then in operation. The county is traversed by the Iron Mountain Eailroad, and affords superior inducements to capitalists or men of small means, who would make fortunes at mining or manufacturing. WAYNE COUNTY Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The face of the country is broken — probably not more than one-third of the upland is tillable. About one-third bottom land. The timber co^.sists of pine, oak, ash, sugai'-tree, hickory, white and black walnut, etc. Corn, wheat, oats and tobacco yield well, and meadow grass is not excelled anywhere. Apples, plums, pears, grapes, all yield abundantly. Lead, copper, and some other minerals abound in the county. Grazing very good east of the St. Francois river, and on the border of the swamps in the south part of the county. Splendid water-power, and good openings for saw mills. THE HAND-BOOK OF MISBOURI. 161 WEBSTER COUNTY Is situated in the south central part of the State. The general features of the county are rugged and broken — well timbered with pines, oaks, hickory, maple, etc. The valleys and some of the uplands are fertile, and pro- duce good crops of grain, and the hill sides and table lands are specially adapted to grape and fruit culture. Stock growing has proved more profitable than other branches of farming, and has received more attention. The Southwest Branch of the Pacific Railroad, soon to be completed, will traverse this county. Both iron and lead are found in this county. In March, 1865, there were 193,000 acres of unentered land in the county, WORTH COUNTY, Was recently formed from the northern part of Gentry county, bordering on the Iowa State line, in the north- western part of the State. The face of the country is undulating and rolling — about one-third timber land, consisting of oak, walnut, hickory, maple, ash, elm, lynn, cottonwood, etc. The soil is generally fertile, and well adapted to the production of all kinds of grain^ grasses, fruits and vegetables — except peaches, which have been unsuccessful. Excellent grazing county. Flouringmills and manufactories needed. Lots at the county-scat will bo devoted to mechanics and manufac- turers, who will' bring capital and enterprise, and establish in business. Also an excellent site for a mill, will bo donated to any one who will establish a mill or woolen factory. 162 TUB HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. WRIGH'S COUNTY. Situated in the southwestern part of the State, upon the hi^h table lands of the Ozark range, this county pres-- ents a great variety of surfaces, from the level or moder- ately undulating prairie to the rugged hills and minia- ture mountains. The soil in the valleys anc-l here and there on the uplands is fertile and produces very satis- factory crops. Farmers have raised good crops of hemp — say 1200 pounds to the acre; tobacco, 1,200; corn, 75 bushels,-and other grains, gi'asses and vegetables in proportion. The gravelly portions of the upland are well adapted to fruit culture, and particularly favorable for grapes. Stook raising will always pay well. Lead ore has been found at numerous localities in the-county, but no mines opened, that have beea, reported. Popula- tion in 1860, 4y508. issouRi IS r FAKMS AND HOMES IN i! THE HANNIBAL 8l ST. JOSEPH R. R. OFFEtl FOU SALE OYEH 500,000 ACRES Of the best Prairie, Timber and SOLD, IN LOTS TO SUIT, FOR CASH, LAND BONDS AT PAR, PREFERRED STOCK, AND ON TEX YEARS' CREDIT, AT 6 PER CENT. INTEREST DEDUCTIONS.— 20 per cent, is deducted from long credit price for full payment in two years, and another DEDUCTION is secux'ed by paying Bonds and Preferred Stock. Land Buyers' railroad fare is returned, and they are charged only half freight on materials from Hannibal for lirst improvements on land bought of the Company. jg@°"Settlements in Colonies Advised and Encouraged. Pam))hlets and Cii'culars, giving full particulars, fur- nished gratis. SECTIONAL MAPS, showing the exact location of the lands are sold at 30 cents each. Apply, by letter or otherwise; to G£0. S, HARRIS, Land Commissioner H. & St. Jo. R. R. Hannibal, Mio. E. P. BABCOCK. WILLIAM BAHCOCK. Siammeriield, Illinois. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY ACRES IN NURSERIES! We respectfully solicit order for a full and complete assortment of FRUIT TBEES5 BOTH STANDARD &. OWARF, Clioice and ISTew Grrapes, SMALL FRUITS, in Variety and Quantity, Evergreens, Deciduous Ornamental Trees, Eoses, FLOWERING SDllUBS. PEONIES, DAULIES, h., k. :B -^ IB O O O lE^ cfe IB X=l. o.. Office— 38 Olive street, Saiut Louis. Fl®T@r "■'"fed benionsptu St — la*C^ 77f.:,„,.,i/, Jy*t,,^^ ^Pf^v_ o-^,.,/t„isel lii''V'- (V"^"""' viV) ,r^' / •'^ / , (K'52--^ S^ ^ Cj 34 "V AToriMTt Map OKTliK Kv^. \ ^.' /• /. r^ l^^TTT, "to,!"' ft'% -^'^^sftKnu^'""' .'j'- -^ —i, T....i^<'^ -^. c'^" •^^> .^\^'' .Oo, "-J^cif^^ t •'^<> .^^'' ^''•k. ,-iv' o^ ^. S' .^^ 11 v"^- aV