I'UKSENTICI) liY • / ITHACA AS IT WAS, f f i' ITHACA AS IT IS THOUGHTS SUGGESTIVE OF THE FUTURE. BY H^C?''gOODWIN. ITHACA, N. Y.: ANDRUS, GAUNTLETT, «{ COMPANY: PRINTERS, No. 69 Owego-Street. 1853. c/' . OC: 11 1908 ITHACA AS IT WAS, AND IS WITH THOUGHTS SUGGESTIVE OF THE FUTURE. Tompkins Counts was named in honor of Governor- Tompkins. It was organized in 1817, having successively belonged to Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca counties. Its area is about five hundred and eighty square miles, and contains three hundred and seventj'-one thousand four hundred acres of land. Estimated at $30 per acre, and it comes to tiie round sum of ^11,14*2,000. The land is com- posed of a rich alluvial and sandy loam soil, producing eve- ry variety of agricultural product common to the middle and western States. Premiums have been awarded for corn yielding one hundred and twelve bushels and tiiirty- eight quarts per acre ; and wheat, fifty-six bushels and twenty-eight pounds.* About three-fourths of the county is improved, and the average amount of grain grown yearly is hard to be surpassed by any county in the State — acre per acre. Indeed, the man of business and agricultural taste, passing through Tompkins county, will be most sen- sibly struck, with not only the prosperous appearance of the cultivator of the land, but also with the beautiful coun- try, the variety of soil, and the promising crops. There are within the county, six prosperous villages, possessing wealth and intellectual worth of no ordinary importance. * Joseph Goodwifl. See Itbaca Chronicle, 1821. 4 ITHACA AS IT WAS. Jn 1789, three men,* of that hardy stamp and indomita- ble perseverance which so strikingly characterized the ear- ly adventurers ofthis then western wilderness, made a loca- tion on the rich flats, where now stands the flourishing vil- lage of Ithaca. What a change has taken place in sixty- four years ! Then it took nineteen days for these adven- turous spirits to transport their families from Owego to their new home — a distance of twenty-nine miles. Now the iron horse traverses it in one and a half hours. The first frame house was erected in Ithaca in ISOO, by Abram Markle. A carpenter by the name of Delano did the work. Luther Gere was then his apprentice. It is not a little surprising how Mr. Gere rose to affluence and honor, and after having become one of the wealthiest men in the county, by a reverse of fortune, was numbered with that poverty-stricken class, who are denominated as hav- ing no influence, little honor, and less credit. Mr. David Quigg, who came here in 1804, opened the first regular store.! He entered into a kind of bartering business, from which he realized a reasonable profit on his goods. York rum cost twenty-six cents per gallon, and sold for ,^1^1,25. Muscovado sugar cost nine cents, and commanded eighteen and three-fourth cents per pound. At this time large quantities of maple sugar were made by the back settlers, so much so, that one hogshead of mus- covado supplied the retail trade for one year. At the same time loaf sugar was worth thirty-one cents. Salt com- manded ^4 per barrel. JMr. Quigg supplied the whole range of settlers between here and Tioga Point. Nails found a ready market at twenty-five cents per pound, and leather was not dull at thirty-eight. His wheat he for- warded to Owego by land carriage, then down the Sus- quehanna on arks to Baltimore, realizing fifty-six cents on * Peter Hinepaw, Jacob Yaple, Isaac Demond. f Messrs. Lightfoot and Markle had previously cxclianged some goods for furs, but were not established merchaDts. ITHACA AS IT WAS. 5 the bushel. In 1807 he shipped some two thousand bush- els, and in 1S08, 9 and 10, an average of four thousand. His cattle were driven to the Philadelphia market, where he received a profit of ^5 per head. Good cows were then worth 81G a head. Oxen 850, and three year old steers about $18. Horse? were worth from $75 to $80. There were no oats, buckwheat, or corn grown for sale. Butter at this time had not been introduced into the mar- ket, and consequently Mr. Quigg was not, as now, a spec- ulator in that valuable product. The first heavy goods brought by water, came up the North River to Albany ; were then conveyed by land to Schenectady ; then through the canal at Little Falls, and then through Wood Creek, Oneida Lake, Onondaga Riv- er, Three River Point, Seneca River, Cayuga Lake, and the snaggy Inlet. The expense of conveying these goods through this de- vious and singularly winding course, was $2 per hundred* Or if conveyed hither from New York with teams, by way of Catskill, the charges were just doub'e, or $4 per hundred pounds. A Post Office was established in 1804, and Richard W. Pelton appointed to its charge. In 1805 Mr. Quigg erec- ted an ashery, and opened a trade with Montreal. In 1806 Ithaca numbered some twelve houses, six being " frame buildings." Kii'i .'hdw In 1809 the village had increased to thirty-eight dwell- ings, besides several mechanic shops, stores, a public houvse,* and a respectable school house. Wealth began to cluster around the home of the hardy pioneer. An increasing population developed new enterprises. Active minds will not lie dormant at times when the noblest energies of man •are required to act. New villages are springing up in every direction, and the wilderness gives way before the * Tlie Hotel .6 ITHACA AS IT WAS. strong arm of a resolute, determined people. Trumnns- burg, Jacksonville, Burdett, Mecklenburg, Ludlowville and McLean, have suddenly rose to view, and the joyous shout of gladness is echoed from every hill, and re-echoed from every valley, while the eye brightens, and the cheek glows with the blush of honest hope, and health, and peace. On rolls the tide of progress. With the name of Yaple, Dumond, and Hinepaw, are blended those of McDowel, Davenport, Bloom, Starr, King, De Witl, Patchin, Conrad, Quigg, Markle, Sager, Brink, Treman, Beers, Judson, Cheesebrough, Collins, Van Orman, Banfield, Miller, Green, Goodwin, Smiih, Rector, Van Etten, and Shoema- ker. The combined strength of these adventurous minds soon made the welkin ring, as they subdued the forest, and with the torch, the smoke, and the flame, proclaimed to distant settlements the march of improvement — the pro- gress of enterprise. The productive earth becomes obedi- ent to the laborer's will, and the rich products of a virgin soil are their reward. The matron who had left the home of cherished friends, to become the co-partner with him she loved and cherished, greets the noble pioneer with one of those bewitching smiles, so natural to a true-hearted, de- votional woman. The lay she sings is sweet as erst were tuned from lute or lyre. And seated round the blazing fire, the achievements of the day are recounted with honest pride. That little log domicil is now their paradisiacal abode, where sweetest joys impart,a bliss as pure as virtue''s self There are hopes and pleasures more divinely pure than reigns in court or kingly palace. Wealth could not buy them ; crowns could not betray or pervert them, for they are fresh from the heart, warmed by fond affection. There is no glare of false pride. No canting, hypocritical smile. The pioneers lived in sweet communion. A hun- dred converging rays bespoke the comforts of the rustic cot. ITHACA AS IT WAS. 7 We love to emulate the virtues of those who have made great achievements in science, in arts, in literature, in the developments of great truths, the extension of freedom, or in stimulating to deeds of nobleness — to greatness — to the good of those by whom they are surrounded. We glory in their determined valor and firmness of purpose, and we take pride in pointing to them as examples worthy of copy ing after. We delight to honor those hardy sons of toil who have levelled whole sections of the forest, and made the soil subservient to their will. Wc feel grateful for the achievements of our fathers, for we enjoy the fruits of their labor. They were men of action — their lives were " stern realities." What though they were of necessity compelled to make a repast on boiled wheat, crack their grain in a mortar, or journey an hundred miles to a grist mill, or make a tour of a hundred and sixty miles to obtain three pecks of potato eyes for seed, all were accomplished without in- voking curses on the fates that were wont to be dictators. What though they saw themselves surrounded by hordes of wild savages, in a dense wilderness, with a scanty rai- ment, and without any of the luxuries of life ; using paper windows, wooden trenchers, pine slab tables, and other et cetceras of a like character, still harmony reigned in the new empire of independent pioneers. These were great times — times of energy and action. The pilgrim fathers left their native shore, and braved the waves of the stormy ocean, to rear for them a domicil in the new world of pro- mise, where the shafts of religious persecution could not molest them. They came, " When crown and crosier ruled a coward world," and they found a rich and fertile soil, though the wilderness swarmed with prowling beasts of prey. Opposition to them was no barrier, for they were resoulte men, and they gained the boon they sought. Such were the men who successfully strove against hardships and suffering in the & ITHACA AS IT WAS. early settlement of Ithaca. They possessed no negative characters. They were men of activity and determination. Some of them had fought in the Revolutionary struggle, and others, when appealed to by their country in after time, shouldered the musket and battled for freedom's holy cause in the last struggle with Great Britain. Ithaca is the county seat. The area of the town is about thirty-three square miles, and contains 21,120 acres ofland. Until 1821 it was a part of Ulysses, when it was set off, and the village duly incorporated. The first town meeting for the election of officers for the new town of Ithaca, was held at the court-house on the third day of April, 1821. Nathan Herrick and William T. Southworth were oppo- sing candidates for chief magistrate, or Supervisor i the former was successful by a majority of 125 votes. Ithaca was honored with its " appropriate" name iu 180G. [t was named after ancient Ithaca, a beautiful city located on an island of the same name, couched in the sparkling waters of the Ionian Sea, and made memorable in the poetic lays of the Grecian bard — the immortal Homer. In 1805 the first -religious society was formed. This was of the Presbyterian order. The society numbered just seven members. A public library was constituted in 1808, some ^300 hav- ing been expended in the purchase of books. In 1808 the Ithaca and Owego turnpike was laid out and partially improved. In 1811 the Ithaca and Geneva road was constructed. The greater part of which was covered^ with heavy forest trees, and the laborious work was per- ^ formed by the hardy pioneers, who had not only resolved to improve their new farms, but also the highway. We remember perfectly well hearing our father, who now lies entombed in the pleasant little cemetery near Jacksonville — around which are associated many mournful and sad re- collections — tell of the great labor performed, and the hard- ITHACA AS IT WAS. ^ ships endured, during the forty days he spent with his team in assisting in converting the Indian's trail into a passable road. One night after having turned out his team to take their evening repast, he took an Indian foot-path bearing in the direction of his home. Hearing the sound of the well- known cow bell, he turned a little out of his course, and suddenly beheld, standing in the path before him, a full- grown deer. Levelling his unerring rifle, he brought him to the ground. In a moment, however, he was on his feet again, bounding immediately towards him. On, on he comes, with a determined resolve to fight for the insult of- fered in opening thus hastily his veins, from which streamedt the red fluid of life. What now is to be done ? He raves, stamps, and makes a terrible lunge at his antagonist, who meets him with a sled stake, once more bringing iiim to the ground. Springing upon the animal, and taking from his pocket a small pen-knife, with point broken off", he suc- ceeds in dividing the great artery, which at once decided the fate of the conquered foe. Such scenes were by no means uncommon during the early history of our country. In 1815 a printing press was landed here, from which Mr. Jonathan Ingersoll issued a twelve by fourteen inch newspaper. It afterwards passed into the hands of Ebe- nezer Mack. The Republican Chronicle was first issued under the su- pervision of Messrs. Spencer & Stockton, September 6, 1820. The paper took strong ground against the then act- ing Governor, DeWitt CHnton. The Presbyterian church was erected in 1817. The First Methodist Chapel in 1820. The Baptist in 1830 and '31. In 1819 a branch of the Newburg Bank was established here with a capital of $70,000. The Ithaca Bank was incorporated in 1829, with a 10 ITHACA AS IT WAS. capital of $200,000- Charter expired December 21, 1849. The Tompkins County Bank chartered 1833. Capital ^250,000. H. Camp, President. N. T. Williams, Cashier. Merchants' and Farmers' Bank organized 1839. Capi- tal 8150,000. J. B. Williams, President, Charles E. Har- dy, Cashier. The Ithaca Academy was incorporated in 1825. A Hunting Club was organized October 18, 1823. The grand object of this organization was " for the purpose of having once in each year a regular deer and wolf hunt in some part of the county." Officers were appointed with power to make all necessary arrangements for a skirmish in December. The following circular appeared in the Re- publican Chronicle, Nov. 26, of the same year. We tran- scribe it as a relic worthy of preservation, and which may be new to many of our readers : GRAND DEER AND WOLF DRIVE. TO THE MEN OF TOMPKINS COUNTY. THE Chief of the Tomphins County Hunting Tribe gives notice, that the GRAND ANNUAL HUNT will lake place about the full moon in the month of December next. The ground designated for this year is in the town of Newfield. Great care has been taken to survey and mark out a section of country embracing a circumference of about twenty-five miles, abounding vviih Deer, and much infested with Wolves, Bears, Panthers, Foxes, and other enemies of the human race. Every precaution will be used to prevent disappointment, and to guard against accident. Men of Tompkins County ! this is a subject in which you ITHACA AS IT WAS. 11 will all take an Interest. The flocks and herds of our fron- tier towns are preyed upon by the Wild Beasts of the for- est. The repose of the settler is disturbed by the midnight howl of the Wolf and yell of the Panther. We have de- clared against them a war of extermination. We have determined to perform in a day, what in the ordiinary course of events, would be the work of years. You desire your share of fame — of sport and plunder. Then seize the pres- ent moment. Jf you do not, you will regret it, and say, " The Grand Hunt has taken place ; the monsters of the wilderness have been routed from their hiding places, and 1 was not there." Advance then to our aid. 1 cannot give you the precise day of the Hunt ; but you shall have notice when to come on. " Come in companies, pairs, or singly." I will organize you for the expedition. Ride to the ground if the distance is far, and send your horses back, DC keep them until you return. But remember that every man who accompanies us, places himself under my com- mand, and must submit to the salutary discipline of our regulations. Sportsmen of neighboring counties will le- ceive the right hand of good fellowship. BENJAMIN DRAKE, Chief. WILLIAM R. GREGORY, Scribe. The hunt, or annual wolf drive, took place on the 19th and 20th days of December. The colonels and command- ants of companies repaired to the ground the day previous, for the purpose of making some explorations. The chief passed his countersign from Signal Hill at eight o'clock in the morning, after which the line of march was commenced. Surveys and sealed instructions were furnished to officers at head-quarters by the scribe. The weather was intensely cold. The snow had fallen to a g-reat depth the day and night previous, and was still increasing, when the expedition " took up their line of march." About eight hundred men set off, armed " with buckler and shield," dressed in fantastic garb, with waiving plumes, and with a courage that would look a wolf out of a "grin" of defiance, or make a panther drop his " tail" as an indication of his wish " of absence." Napoleon, with his 400,000 well-disciplined soldiers, was not more elated 12 ITHACA AS IT WAS. on entering the dominions of the Russian t3'rant, than were these expectant laurelled heroes when they had reached the confines of the wilderness, where miglU be heard the howl of the wolf, the scream of the panther, and the growl of old bruin. " Stop," says John, " don't you see that shaggy bear just back of that big white elm tree? let me blow his brains into the middle of the survey ground, where we will heap up the ' slain in battle.' " " No, no," replies Bill, '' if we disobey orders, the Grand Scribe will not give us a snifter from his big canteen, and our laurels will droop in the hour of disobedience." On march the heroes — not the victors of a hundred bat- tles — but the keen-eyed marksmen, who seldom fail in di- recting the leaden death-dealing missive. All is joy, hilar- ity, and heroic hopes " of glorious war." Now they pause. They have reached the survey grounds, and each company, dividing off in " warrior" or- der, they encircle a circumference of about "nineteen miles" of territory, embraced within the borders of Enfield and Newfield. The tracks in the falling snow indicate the certainty of" game," and every eye brightens at the pros- pect of gathering in the mangled forms of tigers, wolves, wild-cats, and gnarling bears. Closer, closer, press the men of musket, ball, and rapier-knife. On o'er " Rocky dens and wooden glens," the waging foes of prowHng beasts are moving up for bat- tle's rage, and hunter's hopeful plunder. No bugle's blast, or fife's shrill note, op epaulets, nor fiery steeds, or fancied shrieks, are needed to give courage to the " hunting tribe," for " Ambition courts promotion." Hark ! the howling wolf and frightened deer go bound- ing o'er the hills, for the warrior tribes are closing up in their pursuit. The surrounding lines are drawing in sight of each other; and now the sharp crack of the rifles tell ITHACA AS IT WAS. 1^' that the bloody work has commenced. Crack ! crack ! crack ! Bang ! bang ! go the shooting-irons, and down comes the lifeless beasts of prey. Just now two companies of the Cayuta boys, who feared the game would all be slain, and their rifles be of no more service, opened a way by which much of the " spoils'' escaped to marshes border- ing the Cayuta Lake. Thus ended the first scene in the bloody dramas in which the renowned Hunting Tribe of Ithaca took a conspicuous part. Would our limits allow, we would give another " leaf." As it is, we have only room to say that, we have lost a portion of our notes, and therefore cannot speak with exactness relative to the hun- dreds and thousands slain. The " Moral Society" claimed almost every right that despotism would dare to sanction, or a crowned head would think to assume. Rights that in other countries and ' in other ages would bring the heads of such moralists to ' the block — divide an empire, or dethrone a tyrant. The right to drench an offender with water ; lassoe the boaster, drag him hurriedly to the creek, and treat him with a cold v^^ater bath ; to compel the " ignorant or uncivilized" to run the gauntlet ; the loafer to pass through a " mock trial," to be condemned and thrust into the landlord's bar, and pawned for a " dozen snifters"; the seizing of the drunkard and carrying him to close quarters, or ccmsigning him to the care of eight or ten lazaronas^ who hesitated not to strip the unfortunate man of his clothing and exhibit him to the crowd, who, in return of compliment, direct the of- ' fering up 6f a prayer to the heathenish Molock of intem- perance. The citizens of those days, if not strictly temperate themselves, had an abhorrence of inebriety in others ; es- pecially if the subjects were not of their immediate commu-^^ nity. Wo to the unhappy wight from another town who ' became intoxicated, and prolonged his stay in this embryo 14 ITHACA AS IT WAS. village, or city, until after nightfall ! Willing, or unwilling, he was sure to be conducted to a safe enclosure, and there left, Irequently with swine and cattle, to ruminate on his condition until the next morning. In short, he was incon- tinently led or carried to th3 pound, kindly ushered in, and there retained until another sun awoke him to life and so- briety. But he was not, by any means, like Colonel Ben- ton, " solitary and alone ;" sometimes no less than five or six, not including, geese, cattle, or swine, shared the same recess with him. For instance, the citizens were very ac- tive and persevering, and any tardy drunken foreigner was sure to fall into their hands. From sunrise to sunset he was perfectly safe ; until then he might " eat, drink and be merry," without fear of danger; but if, after that time, he was discovered with a " brick in his hat," or in the least degree whimsical in his gait, he might depend upon an in- troduction to the pound. These pedestrian citizens soon became conscious and convinced of this fatality, and as the shades of night began to appear, they might be seen wend- ing their way over the hills for their respective homes, or at least for a respectable distance from the village. Sat- urday evening was considered, and used to be called, " the Harvest Evening." On that day the '''■peasantry''' were more abundant from the country, and at night the pound, as a matter of course, had the most victims. This mammoth pound was situated on what is now known as Aurora street, on a vacant lot directly in the rear of the dwelling at present occupied by Mr. Alexander King. It was of a rectangular figure of about thirty feet by forty, composed of stout plank placed in an upright po- sition, and in height about eighteen or twenty feet. The entrance was through a thick ribbed door, which was firm- ly secured by an enormous hasp and padlock. Once in, and escape was difficult even for a sober man, and almost impossible for one incapacitated by liquor. The outside ITHACA AS IT WAS. 15 barbarians, particularly those who had suffered, regarded the gloomy and arrogant receptacle with pretty much the same sensations that former Frenchmen did the Bastille ; and it was seldom passed by them without curses loud and deep being thundered against it. But to demolish it re- quired both strength and time ; and the very attempt, they well knew, would call to its rescue such power as must en- sure their defeat. But revenge they would have, and as they could not inflict it upon the pound, they determined it should be upon those who upheld it. Their blood boiled within them when they reflected upon the nights they " had been penned up in that infernal hole," and they resolved to retaliate upon their persecutors. They went cautiously, soberly, and discreetly about it, and in some measure at- tained their object. It was on a Saturday night, in the month of November, 1813, that a group were collected in the Hotel, then kept by Luther Gere. They were confabulating respecting a circumstance which had never before happened in the re- membrance of the oldest inhabitant — not a drunken man from the vicinity had been seen on that memorable day, and the pound was absolutely without a human tenant. It was strange, passing strange. It was unaccountable, and the more they refreshed their sagacity with liquor, the deeper grew the mystery. What, in the name of wonder, had become of Jaconiah, and Old Galote, and Barney Spry, and Corporal Barber, and some dozen others, who had never before failed them ? Not a man could form a con- jecture, and even the President of the Moral Society ac- knowledged himself bewildered. In the midst of these surprises and commotions, a golden-haired urchin, and who rejoiced in the name of " Red Top," entered — his eyes dis- tended with terror, and "each particular hair like quill upon the fretful porcupine." He wanted to know if any person had seen or heard of Mr. Grant, of the Coffee 16 ITHACA AS IT WAS. House, who, after supplying a thirsty customer, had went some two hours ago to get a bill changed, and had not re- turned. None of those addressed had seen or heard of him ; but as it was not yet past ten o'clock, they did not think it very surprising, or at least alarming; that he had not yet returned to his home. This slight interruption pro- duced no impediment to the " feast of reason and the flow of soul," and they continued their surmises and conjectures until the clock had tolled the hour of twelve, and were then about to separate for their respective dwellings, when a slip-shod maiden tumbled in among them, as if the arch fiend himself had given her a shove, and she inquired, with panting breath, if Squire Benjamin was among them. This gentleman, one of the lights of the day, equall)'^ re- vered and beloved, had, it appeared, closed his store at nine o'clock for the purpose of returning home, and his compla- cent countenance had not beamed on any one since. Things now began to grow serious, and the party ushered forth, and making due inquiry, ascertained that not only those already reported as missing, had not yet been heard of, but that two more were absent in the same mysterious manner. Terror and consternation was frightfully depic- ted on every countenance. Mr. Crawford Butler, a very active and energetic man, immediately procured a very large bell, which gave its brazen peals from one street to another, and which, accompanied by shouts and yells, alarmed the whole village, and soon every drowsy inhabi- tant was aroused. Each nook, hole and corner, was en- lightened by flaming torches, and almost inaccessible pla- ces were pryed into. The pound alone escaped the argus- eyed explorators. There w^as not a suspicion or an idea that their departed worthies could be concealed, or immured within its hateful precincts, unless they had the wings of an eagle or some mountain bird. Besides, this was a recepta- cle fer foreign offenders, not for praiseworthy citizens to ITHACA AS IT WAS- 17' wander into. But with all their anxiety and perseverance not a discovery was made, and before the morning dawned the weary searchers retired for a temporary repose. But we must hasten to a conclusion, and be brief in that. No fowler ever hastened with more alacrity to his net, or hunter with more curiosity to his trap, than young Itha- cans were accustomed, at the glimmer of da}^ to visit the pound for the purpose of ascertaining what the night had brought forth. Nor was the ensuing Sabbath morning an exception. Scarcely had Aurora flung forth her radiant rays in the east, and foretold the Sun, before some half dozen of these beardless yeomanry, werjp peeping and straining their eyes through the crevices and knotholes of this gloomy and unadorned mansion. They looked, and looked, and looked again. What ! did their eyes deceive them ? Could it be possible ! Were those most disconso- late looking men, with their mouths gagged, and their hands tied behind them, and who were pacing up and down this prison-house — this ill-constructed pound — were they four of the most respectable citizens! Were they Jesse Grant, Joseph Benjamin, Peleg Chefesebrough, and Zach- ariahHogan? But doubt and suspense soon vanished. — The prisoners approached the place where the juvenile spectators stood, more fully revealed themselves to view, and partially mumbled their wants. The messengers has- tened home, communicated the news of what they had seen and heard to their parents, and soon the intelligence had reached every ear. The missing were restored — the lost were found. On the release of the sufferers, it appeared that on the previous night they had been severally and separately seized by a band of desperadoes, gagged and tied, the door of the pound opened by some master key, and were then unceremoniously thrust into this gloomy receptable. They had endured much misery, arising from their position dur- 18 ITHACA AS IT WAS. ing a bleak and siormy night, and of wliicli they long after felt the effects. The perpetrators of this outrageous act were never ex- actly known, but conjectures and suspicions ended in a settled belief, that those pedestrian citizens whose accus- tomed habits of inebriety had often made them inmates of this prison house — this terror to evil doers — were the very men who consigned them to the pound, an act which gave them a certain species of immortality. Not that they had performed a truly heroic deed. Not that kind of immortality sought by the laurelled warrior, whose feet had trodden on crowns, o^ whose hands had divided empires. Not that immortal renown won by heroic valor on victory's red field of battle. But they had gained that honor and that shame which unwarrantable retaliation ever weaves for the brow of the undignified oppressor. Some of those ill-treated citizens still live, honorable ornaments of society. We live in an important era of the world ; in an age of improvement and development of character. The arts and sciences are rapidly progressing. Religion and temperance unite in the good work of regeneration. Thirty years ago many doubted the propriety of temperance associations, and presumed the traffick in ardent spirits to be morally right. Things have changed. Few me*i will cit this day engage in a business which increases the misery and deg- radation of the human family. We copy the following choice gem more as a curiosity than for any oiher purpose .' WHISKEY FOR WOOD. The subscribers will pay two and a half gallons pood WHISKEY per cord for dry PINE WOOD, delivered at their Distillery near Fall Creek. Jlhaca, Dec. 4, 1824. GUN & BELB'EN. It is related of a gentleman well known in the vicinity of Fall Creek, who sold a valuable farm in New Jersey, for which he received $10,000, and soon located his family on a hundred acres of choice land on the hill a littk back frora' ITHACA AS IT WAS. 19 The distillery. That he erected a comfortable dwelling- house and outbuildings, and then, with his sons, bent his energies to the improvement of the farm. That as time moved on and the rich fumes and aromatic vapors which escaped most plenteously from the still worm, had an un- favorable influence on the father and his sons, tending not only to the derangement of business, but also to the utter annihilation of all their moral sentiments and social ties- That they sold and delivered to the proprietors of the aqua morbi et mortis one hundred cords of dry '•^ pine wood.,'''' and the avails thereof carried up the hill in " a half-gallon jug." In a few years father and sons were found fettered to the tyrant foe. Time rolled on, and the fortune went to ruin's wreck. Diseases, if not entirely engendered by the con- tents of the poisoned chalice, were, at least, made more alarmingly fatal, swept some into untimely graves, while the father was harried prematurely to his final " resting place."" And the aged wife and mother, whose hands had become callous with toil, and whose heart had l)een bro- ken with sorrow, and who oft trimmed, in her cheerless moments, the midnight taper, to beacon the faltering steps of her husband to the home he had made desolate, prayed and wept over the tombs of the departed. She knew they had lived drunkards, died drunkards, sunk into the drunk- ard's graven and perhaps gone down to the drunkard's hell ! In the little grave-yard on the hill nest some of their remains, and there we will leave them in the quiet repose of the dead ! We woyld not knowingly cause one tear to sliart in the pitying eye; or one sigh to heave the breast of any remaining friend. We delight in referring to the early history of our coun- try ; in calling up reminisences of the past. Here in this valley, where less than one century ago roamed the untu- tored red men of the forest, then spreading itself out into all the jugged grandeur of nature, we now behold a numer- 20 ITHACA AS IT WAS- ous, happy, and peaceful population of enlightened freemen- The wilderness vanished before the hand of civilization. The piercing yell of the savage, and the terrific howl of the wolf no longer echoes from liili to hill, but neatly cultivated farms bedecked with the tranquil abode of the husbandman, and growing villages now mark the aspect of our country. Here where art has reared these temples, consecrated to religion, to literature and science, once walked the stern Cayugas in all their native dignity. Here burned their council fire ; here was heard the " war whoop, the death grapple, and the shout of victory." Yes, the sacred coun- cil fire had, for unknown ages, burned upon their altar of uncontaminated freedom. Its living light had been the beacon for untold years to the returning warriors, and its smoke had continually ascended in wreaths of grateful in- cense to the abode of the Great Spirit. Once they fished in our beautiful lake, and hunted on our hills, but they are now withered and fallen ; their greatness has departed. Here the chant of the red braves was heard upon the war path ; their dominion has been wrested from them forever ; their glory lives but in the songs of their chroniclers ; their grandeur unhonored by their exterminators. Where we now see glade and woodland teeming with all the blessings of civilization, the red man once stood with listless eye, the last remaining scion of his tribe ; he came to bid farewell ere he should fly before the " pale face" towards the west- ern wilds. He bade farewell, and down the warrior's cheek a tear was seen to steal its way unbidden from its fount ; but like a warrior brave he brushed away the pearl, and ere the sun had set, his feet were wending towards the western sky. He looked upon the ruins of his ancient grandeur; he cast a last lingering gaze upon the home of his ancestors, now no longer his, and heaving one deep sigh for his glory, now alas departed, and turning his back to the orient sky, he left the mounds of warriors, hoping in ITHACA AS IT IS. 21 after time to rest in the "spirit land," on hunting grounds beyond the white man's rage ! Once his httle bark did sweetly glide upon the white-crested foam of Cayuga's sparkling waters ; and oft along its banks he drew with sinewy arm the feathered arrow, that did its mission well- And here, too, the Indian maiden pored the song, and her sweet lays were borne upon the zephyr-breeze. Ah ! where the snorting water-horse now ploughs his way, her slender hands have spread the fluttering sail. But the dusky maiden's voice is silent now ; no more the midnight breeze bears her minstrel song along where once she wooed her noble brave .' ITHACA AS IT IS. Such is the past. We now come to speak of (he present — of Ithaca as it is. The contrast is hardly to be compre- hended. 'I'he change from toil, privation, and constant effort, to those of ease, repose, and tranquility ; from the hardy pioneer's life, to one of affluence and splendor ; from the rustic garb to the finer and more costly fabrics of American or English manufacture ; from a dense wilder- ness, to rich, fertile fields ; from low, filthy, and miasmatic lagoons^ to dry, healthy, and beautiful flower gardens ; from the absence of learning and literary pursuit, to the flooding of every species of intelligence. Our seminaries of learn- ing are prosperous, placing the means of improvement within the reach of every citizen, while the church spires rear their imposing forms on high, as moral beacons to re- claim the wanderer in the paths of forbidden pleasure, and to bring them back from all their aberrations to a life of rectitude and repose. We remember back when Ithaca was not a county seat ; when it was the extreme southeast corner of Seneca coun- 22 ITHACA AS IT IS. ty, with scarce population enough to form a respectable funeral procession. Those noble streams now performing great and valuable labor for the operative, were here to abide the will of the skillful mechanic. The spirit of enter- prize awoke ; many master spirits, some of whom now slumber beneath the turf, with scarce a mark to point out the place of their sepulchre, went forward with energy in works of improvement. The erection of the county of Tompkins placed her in the judicial centre of a territory of which she had long been the business emporium, and by patient toil and enlightened liberality, the wilderness has literally been made to blossom as the rose. The early pioneers were a hardy race of men. They shrunk from no responsibility, but freely grappled with the iron scourge of adversity. I'hey were not of that passive character so characteristic of some of the wealthiest of the present day. There was none of that negative disposition about them. They were men of energy and action. They saw that they had a great work to accomplish, and nerved themselves for the effort. Behold the result. An enter- prising commercial mart arises over the native soil of a wandering tribe, now al sell. Mr. 5 S. Tichenor & Son, manufacturers and dealers ',n hats, caps, and furs, are located at 44 Owego Street. Mr. Tichenor came to Jthaca in 1818, having less than a shilling in money to lay out in business. But he enjoyed good health, and a determined will to accomplish whatever he resolved to do. He has spent about twenty-thi^ee years where iie is now situated, and the result of his labors place him in very easy circumstances, having accumulated a com- petence by industry and economy. As a hat manufacturer he has attained a high and honorable reputation. " Sala- din's Damascus blade severed the gossamer texture of the veil as it fell across its diamond edge, and Coeur de Lion's two handled blade cut the iron bolt without a fracture to its Irue tempered steel." Here are instances of two quali- ties possessed by the elegant hats of Messrs. Tichenors*— delicacy and strength. They manufacture expressly for the retail trade, and consequently warrant their hats to be as good as they are represented to be. By using good materials they are enabled to make a good hat, one that is neat and durable. Hats are none the better for being dis' tinguished by high-sounding names, such as Palo Alto's, Buena Vista, Kossuth, or Magyar, &c. &c. Durability with fine finish is the best hat eulogist. At the '• Crystal Palace,'' Mr. VV. M. Culver is making a fine display with his Bxtensive assortment of hats, caps, furs, and i^ady-made clothing— elegant and cheap. He possesses a peculiar tact in selecting head-gearing for the ITHACA AS IT IS. 31 " million." Indeed, we know of no store in central or western New York where there is a greater variety of hats, caps, and clothing, than may be seen at the Palace^ The selections are made with judgment and taste, and the rapid sales only prove the truth of our observations. Gen- tlemen may clothe themselves in rich adorning, and yet if they lack a fine, elegant hat, their appearance resembles Don Pedro, when shorn of his admirable whiskers. His predicament was a sad one, for he wept as mourners weep at the loss of a kind friend. There is another feature about the Palace worthy of notice — the low price — a desideratum which all political economists admire and search after- The " million" have found it there. ' **^ '''^ Our old friend, James Clark, we are happy to see loca- ted at No. 1 " Clinton Hall." He has on hand a very fair stock of ready-made clothing, hats, caps, and furnishing goods. Qualities and prices to suit customers. Having spent a long series of years in the cutting department, he finds it easy to fit on the first trial. Mr. Clark is making arrangements to increase his stock in trade, and all custom" ers who may favor him with a call, may rely on being re- ceived with genuine politeness. May he " live a thousand years and his shadow never be less." Mr. A. Phillips, in the " DeWitl Buildin^j," has an ox- tensive and well selected assortment of cloths, cassimeres^ and vestings, and also every variety of garment usually found in his line of trade. The price and quality of his goods keep pace with each other, and customers can choose from a 85 to ^45 suit of clothing, and be sure of getting the worth of iheir money. Mr. Phillips has few, if any su' periors in cutting, in the state. No New Yorker gets the start of him in style, and a coat from his store is always a little ahead of what comes from the hands of his competi- tors. William P* Burdick, No. 70 Owego Street, dealer in fine 32 ITHACA AS IT IS. watches, jewelry, silver-ware, and fancy goods. While examining his stock a few days since, we observed that his watches embraced every variety of style and quality. Among his stock are some very elegant duplex movements, in most superb cases ; fine English and French levers : la- dies' watches, with ornamented cases in diamond and en- amelled work, &,c., together with an assortment of highly finished movements from the best Liverpool and London makers. Gold chains of various patterns, guards, fob keys and seals. Clocks of various styles and sizes. Pearl and diamond work in pins, rings, and bracelets. Plated ware of every variety and fashion. In short, his stock we should judge to be well selected, rich and tasty. He is a gentle- man of fine accomplishments, and worthy of his extensive patronage. J. Stark Burdick, watch-maker, may be found at his " post of honor," giving his valuable time and attention to the placing of the wheels of time in their proper sphere for correct motion, and compelling the hand to trace the figures on the dial with a correctness that challenges the nicest scrutiny. Having enjoyed the instructions of some of the best jewellers of the state, he is prepared to do work in a style which does him much credit. May he get the dimes and dollars, sustain his present worthy reputation, and al- ways find hosts of good friends whereever destiny may cast his future lot. He is a gentleman of fine taste and judg- ment, and kovving how to appreciate a good thing, will as- suredly accept with kindness this mark of friendship. S. L. Vosburgh, 42 Owego Street, has one of the finest jewelry stores in Ithaca. His stock of goods is decidedly large and rich, making a most magnificent appearance. What he lacks in his splendid array of watches, jewelry, and clocks, need not be looked for any where else- He has an eye for the beautiful, and a will for progress and de- velopment. He keeps a little ahead of the times, that he ITHACA AS IT IS. 33 miy not he presiniiad to liave belonged to another centii* ry. His store is an ornament to the expectant city. Messrs. Andriis, Gauntlett & Co. have one of the most «xtens!ve bookstores west of Albany, and they are doing a heavy business. Connected with their store they have a very respectable book and job printing office. Their pow- der press is capable of making one thousand impressions per hour. At the bookstore of Messrs. Wells &. Selkreg, we re- cently noticed a beautiful assortment of books, stationery, paper-hangings, &c. W^e should judge from appearances that they were doing a profitable business. Every thing is kept in perfect order, and a gentleman of laste and re- finement is alwa3's ready to wait on customers in the most becoming manner. Their motto is, " quick sales and small profits." Mr. W. L. Hind &, Co. have greatly improved the ap- pearance of their store, by enlarging, neatness of finish, and the substituting of large and beautiful window lights in place of their old 8 by lO's. it is now made really attrac- tive. They have a rich stock of goods, consisting io part of books, wall-paper, and fancy articles. With their pro- sent advantages, prompt attention to business, care and taste in selecting stock, they can hardly fail of doing a fair ij« Edward S. Esly, the present owner of the tannery, has, a store at 56 Owego Street, for the sale of leather, findings, oils, &c., and in fact every thing used in the making of boots, shoes, and leather, where persons wishing any thing in his line may be sure to find a good stock, and at as low prices as the market will bear, for his facilities for buying and selling cheap are second to none ; and his method of doing business, and endeavoring to make it to the interest of his customers to purchase of him, has already secured an extensive trade, and has warranted his making a still further enlargement of his works. His business connection with dealers east also enables him to purchase leather, &c., at prices fully equal to those realized by parties who are less acquainted with the mar-, kets ; and he is always ready to pay cash for all that is of- fered. :> Mr. Mahlon Rovve, has recently located at 125 Owtego Street, where he will keep constantly on hand, and will make to order, all kinds of light and heavy carriages, riciade by experienced workmen, and of choice timber and mate- rial Spokes, hubs, fellys, etc, are of the best eastern tim- ber. Trimmings of the latest style, and with other facili- ties, renders him prepared to do work in a style not easily surpassed. Mr. Rowe is a young man of energy and ITHACA AS IT IS. 4» promptness, and his work will sufficiently recommend him to a generous public. We have recently examined some of his carriages, and can confidently speak of them in the most approving terms. Some are really elegant. It is not only convenient, but a decided advantage to a growing, prosperous village like Ithaca, to be accommoda- ted with good livery establishments, and we know of no place that is better supplied. Messrs. Babcock, Covvles, &, Go. have three livery offices, one on Tioga Street, and two on Owego. Their facilities to please are very exten- sive, having fine and elegant carriages, splendid horses and superb equipage, all of which are let on fair terms. Al- ways accommodating when not inconsistent with justice or propriety, they find an increase of business annually growing upon them ; and such is but a natural consequence originating from their heavy outlays and determined will to please all who favor them with their patronage. May their future success be commensurate with their laudable eflforts. Mr. John Sliman, proprietor of the Ithaca Bakery,' 1^^ furnishing sweet, wholesome bread, biscuit, crackers, and all kinds of cakes, in the most ample and tasty order. Hi?? Bakery is fast acquiring a just reputation and an extensive run of custom. By close attention to the wants of the com- munity, he will, of a natural consequence, continue to ren- der the most perfect satisfaction. Being satisfied widi moderate prices, the proprietor will furnish, as usual, for wedding parties, every variety of cake and other et cetccras, in the most neat and delicious order. As he sells cheap, and only the best articles, he will get the most valuable custom. Messrs. Barnard & Wood, Storage and Forwarding Merchants, and dealers in grain, flour, salt, lumber, shin- gles, Blossburg coal; water lime, &c. &c. These gentle- men pay cash, and the highest market price, for every thing 46 ITHACA AS IT IS. in ihelr line of business. Prompt and attentive, active and energetic, tliey do business in the most appropriate and correct manner. They have recently leased for a term of years the mammoth storage and forwarding house of Hon. H. W. Sage, now in prog-ress of completion. This, to- gether with their former facilities for storage, and jerk, sent the offended German "head long" into the " Hemp Hole," where he was received " without a dissenting voice." I'ho roars of laughter whiclv followed this manreuvre, were loud and hearty, and we doubt not -aw, still heard by tlie man who failing in subduing his rival foe, took a hasty and precipitate retreat froua the county. 58 ITHACA AS IT IS- causing the removal of those weather-beaten, ill-construct- ed sheds, so long a disgrace to Owego street. It has im- proved the appearance of tiie village more than any twen- ty ordinances ever before passed. And those beautiful show windows! What a decided improvement ! To how much better advantage can merchants exhibit their goods ? What an opportunity for a display of the beautiful and fan- ciful ! And in place of those antideluvian fronts, we now see some specimens of architectural beauty, displaying much of taste and neatness. But among all the varied improvements, we see noth- ing which surpasses the beauty and elegance of finish re- cently added to the Hat &, Cap Store of J. S. Tichenor & Son. The sales room is 62 feet deep with large mirrors on eiiher side. The whole front is composed of twelve superb lights of glass set in lightly, yet durably construct- ed frame work, giving to the store an appearance altogether attractive. Then those elegant and expensive marble topped counters, lend an additional attraction to the many fine decorations so much to be admired by all who have an eye for the substantial and beautiful. When fully completed, we think there will not be a more attractive store this side of the Empire City. The Masonic Lodge, Fidelity, No. 51, has about 100 members. Eagle Chapter, No. 58, has some 30 members. The Iroquois Encampment has a large membership. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows has over '200 members. A widow and orphan fund of near $"2000, for aiding widows and orphans of deceased brothers. The Independent Order of Good Templars has two Lodges, Forest City and Bristol, with a large and increas- ing membership. The Sons of Temperance have a Division in good work- in": order. ITHACA AS IT IS. 59 The Carson League has a capital exceeding $1,000,000. The principles and virtues reposing in the constituent ba- sis of these Orders, are temperance, benevolence, mutual aid, love, purity, and fidelity. A bright and glorious gal- axy of briiiiants. " Mount Ionia Cemetery," so called from the cluster of seven Islands in the Mediterranean, from one of which the name of Ithaca w^as taken, is tastefully laid cut, and beauti- fully ornamented with shrubs and flowers. That portion de- signed for the repose of Odd Fellows, particularly drew our attention. The monument commemorative of the vir- tues of the departed, will be an ornament to the grounds, and alike creditable to the liberal sentiments of the Order and the object of its erection. The expense of this monu- mental marble will be 8385. We read numerous inscrij)tions on the silent marble which bespoke the worth of the departed dead ! Pausing by the tombs of two sweet little sisters, Frances Spence- NA and Ella, now sleeping " the sleep that knows no waking," we felt peculiarly impressed on repeating the sentiments engraven by the sculptor's hand. On \he for- mer we read the affecting words, " Must we part so soon." On the latter the appropriate sentiment, " A Morning Star quenched in the buightness of its early rising." How very touching, tender, and truthful. Was ever a more feeling and beautiful expression written, either in commemorating the virtues of the living or the dead ? Panegyrists are rivalled in truthful imagery, and poetical genius can find nothing of superior excellence. Among the wealthiest men of Ithaca, and those who may be termed self-made men, we would mention Daniel Bales, J. B. Williams, H. W. Sage, Robert Halsey, C. L. Grant, G. D. Beers, William Andrus, VV. G. Grant, William 60 ITHACA AS IT IS. Halsey, Joseph Burritt, Joseph Esiy, L. H. Culver, J. S. Ticheiior, S. B. Bates, S. and J. Giles. The following- g-entlemen are the owners and occupants of very splendid private houses, and finely ornamented grounds : R. Halsey, H. S. VValbridge, J. B. Williams, H. W. Sage, T. J. Phillips, C. L. Grant. VV. Andrus, E. G. Pelton, W. G. Grant, VV. Halsey, G. P. Frost, G. VV. Schuyler, S. &, J. Giles. To these may be added the splen- did mansion of Mrs. Ebenezer Mack. And it is worthy of remark, that none of these gentle- men have ever failed in business, and are therefore enjoy- ing the well earned fruits of their own industry. The dwelling of Mr. Pelton is one of the finest and most commanding in Ithaca. Gazing out from its pleasant, yet ample front, the observer may feast his eyes with the sur- rounding beauties, looking far over the bustling village, tow- ering steeple or pillared dome, on, on, far over the glassy wavelets, or the white crested foam of Cayuga's spark- ling waters. The village contains a population of about 7000, yet only sixty-seven deaths occurred during the past year, "less than l4¥sW^-one per cent to the hundred." Where shall we find a more healthy village ? Where one surrounded by a richer and more productive agricultural country ? We dream of distant edens — of arcadian homes. We think of the mellow sunshine — the genial breeze, and the sweet scented flowers of the sunny South. We have visited some of the finest climates in the world, and whether treading the soil of a people bowing beneath the tyrant sceptre of a Royal Queen, despotic Emperor, or blood-seeking, heart- less Captain General, we have invariably sighed for Home — Home, for the association of a combination of enjoy- ments and comforts, found in no other country. In the warmer climates the people are shorter lived — have long drizzlin/i: rains and everlastinfr mud — we the creaking snow THE FUTURE. 61 and bracing cold. True, ours is more changeable, yet per- haps as favorable to a full enjoyment of life in all its vigor, as congenial to health, as any other part of the world. We have made in presence of gentlemen most compe- tent to judge, various estimates with reference to the amount of trade originating from the different branches of busin3ss in Ithaca during the past year, and assuming the lowest estimate to be the nearest correct, we find that the aggregate amount exceeds $7,000,000; wliich if spread out in one continuous line of onojjdollar bills, each avera- ging eight inches in length, would extend about 884 miles. THE FUTURE. The true history of a nation does not consist in the mere narration of its more prominent civil, or military deeds. — The legitimate province of the historian has a much wider range. All those facts and circumstances which exhibit the successive changes wrought from time to time in in- dustrial and commercial resources — in the habits and cus- toms of society — in the spirit of legislation, and in all those features and characteristics, whether of a public or private nature, which at the same time establish and distinguish national character, constitute the best material for the phi- losophy of History. It is thus that we find in the materi- als so industriously gathered up by our various Historical societies — materials running through every phase and con- dition of society, and extending to the most minute circum- stances of private, as well as of public life — the acknowl- edged source of true History. We may be pardoned there- fore the reflection, that the humblest citizen who groups together the various materials we have just adverted to, and thus exhibits the different stages in the development of society which have brought the humblest locality from the forest to the cultivated field, or the flourishing village, does a good work — humble and unpretending it may be, G*2 THE FUTURE. but affording a positive addition to the means of a true na- tional history. Any immediate interest in such an effort, will necessarily be confined (so far as the mass of readers are concerned) to the citizens of the particular locality. — For their especial interest we have undertaken the labor, and our whole purpose will be answered, if we shall have, in any degree, made more definite and certain the history of their firesides. Our hasty compilation comprises but little more in its purpose, than such particulars as belong to the history of Ithaca alone. We shall, however, embrace the earliest opportunity, that leisure will permit, to extend our labors in this respect to the entire section of country that sur- rounds it, embracing most, if not all, of the state. The names given to the townships npon what is known as the " Military Tract," smacking, as they apparently do, of some little pedantry, and frequently fhnging together in a position somewhat ludicrus, the most venerated names of antiquity, do not exhibit, perhaps, the most fortunate choice in that respect. We should have much preferred, that names, for the purposeof designating such townships, had been borrowed exclusively from those sources which would characterize the ancestry of our people, or that we had repaid the red man, in some little degree, for the pos- session of his hunting grounds and corn fields, by preserv- ing the expressive titles by which he knew hill and valley, lake and stream. But while our regrets are much too late, we can in part pardon the taste which gave the name of Ulysses to oneof our most flourishing agricultural districts, in the past, that it undoubtedly suggested the name of Ith- aca, as the title of the beautiful village which lies at the head of Cayuga Lake. The name is, in itself, euphoni- ous, and we may add in good taste, for though there is no island in the case, the position of the village is in many respects in agreement with the associations which THE FUTURE. 63 attach to the name- And it is not unfitting, that the home of the chaste and faithful Penelope, and the chivalrous Ul^^sses, should have a remembrance in the New World. The future of the flourishing village of Ithaca, need not call in the aid of a prophetic vision to enable it to be fully seen, though its citizens do not seem disposed to imitate the somewhat laudatory style in whicli their neighbors in differ- ent localities on this point indulge. It will be readily granted that its position is such, as to naturally combine all those elements which conduce to the establishment of a com- manding business centre. Surrounded by an agricultural district of great fertility, possessing an almost unlimited amount of water power, having already every facility for the most direct commercial intercourse, and connected, as it will be, with many of the most important of the new av- enues of trade that are about to be opened, it must neces- sarily always command a large and constantly increasing traffick. The beauty of its location is unrivalled. Shield- ed by its position from the rougher embraces of the harsh climate of this latitude, every variety of fruit and flower known to the temperate zone, is lavished upon its inhabi- tants in the most generous profusion. The broad plain, and amphitheatre of hills, upon which the village is situa- ted, present a landscape in which the busy commercial mart, Cayuga Lake, numerous and most picturesque wa- ter-falls, and all the most lavish gifts of nature and art, are Wended in one picture of unsurpassed magnificence, which always attracts the most unquahfied admiration. To the man of business, or the man of leisure, the lover of " the haunts of men," or the lover of nature and her " various language," Ithaca presents unwonted attractions. With less wealth than many other places of its size, Iih- aca does more business. She is destined to go ahead in all her various and valuable improvements. A few years hence we expect to hear Ithaca honored with the expres- 64 THE FUTURE. slve title of " Queen City of tlie Valley." All that can awaken and inspire industry, or encourage enterprize, is here ready to aid the progressive march of improvement, create wealth, distribute blessings, dignify character, and elevate the mind. L£ Mr 'Q9 ITHACA AS IT WAS, AND ITHACA AS IT IS, WITH THOUGHTS SUGGESTIVE OF THE FUTURE. BY H. C. GOODWIN. ITHACA, N. Y.: ANDRUB, GAUNTLETT, Jj COMPANY: PRINTERS, No. 69 Owego-Street. 1853.