/ ^*^b^ 
 
 VJesf \(\l-^i^(a/ 
 

Isaac Frieoenwald, Eng. & Print, Balto. Md. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Locality 
 
 Routes TO THE Springs 
 
 Early History of the Springs 
 
 Recent Improvements 
 
 Extent and Character of Accommodations 
 
 Scenery 
 
 Society and its Amusements 
 
 Character and proper medicinal Use of the White Sl 
 
 phur Waters 
 
 Analysis of the Waters 
 
 Medical Character of the White Sulphur Water 
 
 Popular Errors in the Use of Mineral Waters 
 
 Best Period of the Year tor Invalid Visitation 
 
 Diseases to which the White Sulphur Water is Applicab 
 
 Effects of THE Water in Inebriation 
 
 Use of the Water by Opium Eaters 
 
 Diseases in which the Water should not be used ". 
 
 Chalybeate Spring at the White Sulphur: 
 
 Baths at the White Sulphur 
 
 Announcement of the Proprietors 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 K A T E ' S M O U N T A I N 
 
 View of White Sulphur from Kate's Mountain. 
 
 Howard's Creek 
 
 Titan, or Giant of the White Sulphur 
 
 Lover's Leap 
 
\ 
 

WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 ROUTES TO THE SPRINGS. 
 
 yir^HE White Sulphur is immediately on the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail- 
 J-Ll road, ICO miles west of the city of Staunton. This road is now run- 
 ning to Huntingdon, on the Ohio river, and by July will be completed 
 to Lexiny^ton, Ky., thus connecting with the great system of railroads run- 
 ning from the South and West to the North and East, making this place 
 easily accessible from the southwestern and western country. 
 
 a^Travellers from the North and East by rail, must for the present, 
 necessarily make Staunton a point in reaching the Springs. The route to 
 the Springs from the North is by way of the Midland Road to Charlottes- 
 ville, and thence to Staunton, or by Harper's Eerry from Baltimore or 
 Washington, and thence up the Valley Road to Staunton. Within a few 
 weeks another route will be open by the completion of the Shenandoah 
 Valley Railroad to Waynesboro, on the C. & O. R. R., twelve miles east 
 of Staunton. 
 
 a^'Travellers from the South and Southeast have a choice of three 
 routes, either by Richmond, Danville, or Kno.wille, Tenn. All of which in 
 their various connections lead to the Springs by way of Staunton. 
 
 Jj^'It is expected that early in the ensuing season the Richmond and Alle- 
 ghany Road will be completed from Richmond \ia Lynchburg to William- 
 son, a point on the C. & O. R. R. west of Staunton, and that the C. & O. 
 R. R. will be e.xtended eastward from Richmond to Newport News on 
 Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 fi^"Passengers on the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, by taking coach 
 at Salem for twenty-eight miles, over a good macadamized road, to Bu- 
 chanan, on the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad, can, on that road, 
 reach the White Sulphur only sixty miles distant from the latter town, 
 thereby avoiding the long detour by Lynchburg and Charlottesville. 
 
 EARLY HISTORY, Etc. 
 
 ONE hundred and thirty years ago the entire range of country extending 
 west from the summit of the Alleghany Mountains to the Ohio river, 
 was one vast unl>roken wilderness, upon whose- soil it is believed the 
 foot of no white man had ever trod. 
 
 In 1 749 an inhabitant of Erederick County, Va.,who was sul>ject to period- 
 ical spells of lunacy, wandered far from his home through the western 
 forest, crossed the great Apalachian chain now known as tlie Alleghanies, 
 and penetrated the wilderness beyond, to the ri\'er, now called " (ireenbrier." 
 By this time the aberration of his mind had sufficiently abated to enable 
 him to note with surprise the fact that the river ran in an opposite direction 
 to the streams of the country from which he had come. He returned to 
 his home in Erederick, being principally guided in reaching it by the risings 
 of the sun and the positions of the stars, and excited the wonder of his 
 neighbors by relating the marvellous things he had seen in the country be- 
 yond the great mountains. Although no general confidence was placed in 
 his statements, nevertheless there were two men, Jacob Martin and Stephen 
 Sewell, who were sufficiently imjiressed to venture upon an excursion into 
 this newly discovered region. Taking course and general directions from 
 this semi-lunatic, they crossed the mountains, found the river as he had 
 described it, and being pleased with the richness of the soil and the abun- 
 dance of game, determined to remain in the country. These two hardy 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 adventurers lived for some time together, and for a portion of the time their 
 place of lodging was a hollow sycamore tree. Before a great while, however, 
 they cjuarreled. and parted, Martin remaining in the neighborhood of the 
 river, Sevvell migrating some thirty or forty miles further west, and fixing 
 his habitation at the base of a lofty range of mountains which have ever 
 since been known as "Scii'ell Moioitains.'' It is known that Sewell was 
 subsequently killed by the Indians ; the fate of Martin is not clearly known, 
 but it was belie\ed he sutlered in the same way. 
 
 In 1 75 1 General Andrew Lewis, a man of brave and energetic character, 
 made an excursion into this country from eastern Virginia, and found both 
 Martin and Sevvell living, then widely separated from each other as has been 
 mentioned. He first named the river alluded to, "Greenbrier," from the 
 abundant growth of green thorny vines found growing upon its borders. 
 General Lewis afterwards became eminent in the history of Virginia, and 
 was chief in command at the famous battle of Point Pleasant, where the 
 Indian power in all this region was fully broken, and they compelled to 
 relinquish the entire country from the Alleghany Mountains to the Ohio 
 river. 
 
 Creditable tradition asserts that the charming \alley in which the White 
 Sulphur arises was once an Indian town, and its neighboring mountains 
 famous hunting-grounds of the Shawanees, who then owned and occupied 
 this fair region. The numerous ancient graves and rude implements for 
 housekeeping and the chase that used to be found in the valley, lend some 
 probability to, and are possibly the best evidence extant of the truth of the 
 tradition. That a small marsh, originally contiguous to the Spring, was 
 once a favorite deer and buffalo " lick," was well known to the early white 
 settlers of the neighboring country, some of whom were known in their 
 latter days to persons now habitucs of the Springs ; and it has been asserted 
 by some of the same venerable class, that the Spring was regarded by the 
 Indians as a " medicine water," and that after their migration across the 
 Ohio, some of them have been known to seek its use for the cure of rheu- 
 matism. Whether this be fact or fiction we cannot avouch ; authentic 
 history however abundantly testifies to the reluctance with which they 
 abandoned the lovely valley to the enterprise and avarice of the invading 
 white man. 
 
 During the year 1774, the proud but ill-fated Shawanees, the prevailing 
 tribe of this country, being gradually overpowered by the constantly 
 encroaching colonists from eastern Virginia, and having in October of that 
 year suffered a signal defeat at Point Pleasant by the colonial troops, were 
 forced to abandon the occupancy of the country, and seek shelter and pro- 
 tection with a portion of their tribe then living on the waters of the great 
 Sciota; but not entirely, nor until by frequent marauding parties with tom- 
 ahawk and scalping knife, they had fully attested their attachment to their 
 ancient hunting-grounds and the graves of their fathers. 
 
 The part of the property on which the Spring is situated was originally 
 patented under what was then called a "Corn Right," to Nathan Carpenter, 
 one of the early pioneers of the country. Carpenter was subsequently 
 killed by a band of marauding Indians in a stockade fort where the town 
 of Covington now stands, and his wife " Kate" and their children, to avoid 
 the same marauding party, were forced to hide themselves for some time in 
 a neighboring mountain, which now, and ever since, has been called " Kate's 
 Mountain," which immediately o\'erlooks the Spring from the south. 
 
 The precise time at which this Spring, now so distinguished among min- 
 eral fountains, was first used for the cure of disease, cannot be ascertained 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 Lk» 
 
 J«^ 
 
 * 
 
 w^^^wHff- 
 
 
 
 ^mH^ 
 
 *« : ^ 
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^HMMe^^ 
 
 
 
 ■/"''t 
 
 Ipmy 
 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 with absolute certainty. We believe, however, that a Mrs. Anderson, known 
 to the writer when she was far advanced in age, was the first white person 
 that distinctly tested its medicinal virtue. This lady, in 1778, being a suf- 
 ferer from chronic rheumatism, was conveyed from her residence, twelve 
 miles, to the Springs, then entirely unimproved, where a tent was spread 
 for her protection from the weather, and a " bathing tub " provided by 
 felling and excavating a huge tree that grew hard by. Here she remained, 
 drinking from the fountain and bathing in the water heated by hot rocks, 
 until she was quite recovered. 
 
 It is reasonable to suppose that the fame of this cure spread abroad among 
 the " settlers," and from them into eastern Virginia, and among the few 
 "spring-going folk " who then occasionally visited the Sweet Springs on 
 the southern side of the Alleghany. Accordingly, in 1779, and from that 
 to 1783, there were annually a few visitors here who spread their tents near 
 the Spring, no houses having then been erected ; and with a rude trough for a 
 bathing tub and this protection from the weather, are reported to have 
 spent their time both agreeably and advantageously. Some of these primi- 
 tive visitors " who dwelt in tents," returned frequently to the Springs in 
 more modern years, and took pleasure in pointing out the location of their 
 tents some thirty or forty years before ; in speaking of the benefits they 
 had derived, and the happiness they had enjoyed in the rustic amusements 
 of these days. In 1784, 1785 and 1786, numerous "log cabins " were 
 erected ; not where any of the present buildings stand, but more immediately 
 around the Spring; not one of which, or the materials that composed it, is 
 now remaining. 
 
 Mr. James Calwell, the proprietor of this property until the year 1857, 
 came into possession of it in 1808, but did not personally undertake its 
 management or improvement until 1818. Up to that period the buildings 
 for the accommodation of visitors were very rude, consisting altogether of 
 small wooden huts built of logs or boards. The interest and spirit of enter- 
 prise of the owner soon led him into a different and more appropriate sys- 
 tem of improvement ; and from small beginnings he went on progressing in 
 the rapid ratio of demand, until from the "tent accommodations" in 1779, 
 and the " log cabins" in 1784, the place, both in elegance and extent, in a 
 few years exhibited the appearance of a neat and flourishing village. 
 
 In the spring of 1857 this property, having been greatly enlarged by the 
 purchase of adjoining territory, making its entire area upwards of 7000 
 acres, was sold to a company of Virginia gentlemen, who made various and 
 important additions and improvements ; and among others, erected in the 
 centre of the Spring grounds the largest hotel building in the Southern 
 country ; its dimensions being 400 feet long by a corresponding width, and 
 covering more than an acre of ground. 
 
 The entire property was again sold in the spring of 1880 to its present 
 proprietors. Of the character and extent of improvements and additions 
 that have been made or are in progress of construction under the present 
 ownership, the reader is referred to an article in this pamphlet under the 
 head of " Extent and Character of Accommodations." 
 
 RECENT IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 MM IS distinguished property, embracing in its ample boundaries up- 
 wards of seven thousand acres of adjoining territory, has very recently 
 passed by purchase into the hands of its present owners, who have 
 formed themselves into a Joint Stock Company, under the name of The 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 Greenbrier White Sulphur Sprif/os Company, of which Col. Geo. L. 
 Peyton is Superintendent. 
 
 Immediately after getting possession, the owners proceeded to make 
 valuable alterations and additions to the properly, and it is really wonderful 
 what a vast amount of work to these ends was accomplished in a very short 
 time. The new improvements thus far completed are a long-needed sub- 
 stantial and thorough sewerage of the property ; the building of a large 
 Steam Laiindry, with all modern improvements complete ; the erection of 
 Gas Works and gas lighting the entire hotel and grounds ; several most 
 advantageous alterations and improvements in the hotel and some of the 
 cottages ; various artistic adornments by frescoing and otherwise of the 
 parlor, dining-room and ball-room, and appropriately refurnishing each of 
 them. The parlor is a magnificent room, half as large again as the cele- 
 brated East Room in the President's Mansion. The ball-room is the same 
 dimensions as the parlor. The dining-room is more than 300 feet in length 
 and seats 1200 persons. These rooms have all been refitted, and so beau- 
 tifully painted xw fresco and elegantly furnished as to call forth the admira- 
 tion of all beholders. The thorough refurnishing of the entire establish- 
 ment with substantial and handsome modern furniture, and with beds and 
 bedding of the best quality, contributes largely to the satisfaction and comfort 
 of the guests. 
 
 The spring-going public may well be pleased that this property, the 
 Baden Baden of America, as European travellers term it, is undergoing 
 extensive enlargement and improvements intended to perpetuate its long 
 borne prestige of preference by the spring-going public. 
 
 Evidences are annually accumulating, going to show that this place will 
 always command a patronage in accordance with the extent and quality of 
 its accommodations. While it is now common to enumerate its guests by 
 hundreds during the summer months, they will just as certainly be enumer- 
 ated by thousands when comfortable accommodations shall have been pro- 
 vided for such numbers. The owners, impressed by this belief, and with a 
 full expectation of being sustained by the public in their plan of enlarge- 
 ment, are now pressing forward an immense amount of work, greatly 
 extending and beautifying this magnificent property. Among other im- 
 provements to this end, they are enlarging the hotel by the erection of two 
 lateral wings, one central wing, and an east front. Each outer wing is 
 450 feet long, forming in connection with the present building an extensive 
 court within, and giving a circuit of 1800 feet as a promenade around the 
 entire buildings. Under this new improvement there will be two parlors, 
 one of which will be 160 feet in length, the other opposite to it, 100 feet ; 
 and the present dining-room will be enlarged so as to seat 2000 persons. 
 The new ball-room will be 100 feet square, surrounded by elevated seats. 
 Much of this extensive work will be completed by the ist of June, and when 
 fully completed will accommodate 1000 guests more than formerly, making 
 the entire capacity of the property equal to the accommodation of 2500 
 guests. 
 
 Among the improvements that will be completed in time for the ensuing 
 season will be an extensive kitchen, on a level with the floor of the dining 
 room, and supplied with all the modern culinary fixtures and appliances. 
 
 To prevent annoyance to visitors, all work on these improvements will 
 positively cease on the first day of June. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SI'klNUS. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 J 
 
 SCENERY, Etc. 
 
 AjATURK, with iiKasurclcss magnificence, has contributed the in(>st 
 I V channin*; surr()un(Hni>s ol scenery to the White Sulpluir. Forest, vale, 
 and mountain are here in rare and unicjue combination, presenting at 
 every turn new \ iews of the picturesque, the beautiful, and the grand, suffi- 
 cient for the gratification of e\'ery taste. Indeed, here as at Niagara, any 
 attempt at mere art decoration would seem lost folly, if not a desecration. 
 
 The first thing that is likely to attract the visitor, and especially from the 
 heated and dusty city, is the vast lawn of green velvety turf, shaded by 
 noble forest oaks, luxuriant sugar-maples and venerable pines, each of 
 which has a synmietry and beauty as distinct in its individuality as the " fair 
 women and bra\e men " who dream or flirt away the happy hours beneath 
 their leafy canopies. Next, the eye wanders through the curving walks 
 and drives, intermingling, but all tending to the great centre of attraction, 
 the Grand Old /-"oiDitain, shaded by ancient oaks and daily pouring from 
 its exhaustless resources more than. 40,000 gallons of healing waters. To 
 this great "well-spring of healing'' come annually returning throngs, who 
 either quatf refreshment or seek new inspiration of health, with feelings akin 
 to the Hindoo worshipper as he approaches the banks of his sacred river. 
 What hope to the weary-minded— what joys to the ascetic dyspeptic — what 
 activities to the halting rheumatic or trembling paralytic ha\ e been given 
 forth by this fountain I 
 
 About the " Old White," too, there is. in a peculiar sense, "the im- 
 mensity of sky and air." Here are no unwholesome vapors ; no noxious dews 
 poison the early morn or shadowy twilight — here there is no defilement of 
 this, one of nature's <^xitAX sanitariums. 
 
 To the newcomer or old habitue there is a never-failing interest, either 
 from the novelty of impressions or the sacredness of association, in gazing 
 upon these old hills, wooded with primeval forests, immediatelv surrounding 
 the grounds, and sloping gracefully down to the cf)ttages, the foliage of the 
 trees overhanging and^their flowers peeping cliL-erfully into the windows. 
 
 Just beyond the lawn proper, Howard's Creek flows through the gently 
 undulating meadows, of which a glimpse is enjoyed now and then through 
 the boughs of elms and sugar-maples that grow upon its banks. 
 
 A striking feature in the scenery is the surrounding mountains. " Kate's," 
 with its old family legend, is one mile to the south and '^500 feet in height 
 above the sea ; " Greenbrier," the same distance to the west, and of equal 
 altitude. To the southwest, and three miles distant, are the mountains 
 known as " White Rock," that consist of a scries of mountains, but from 
 their complete interlocking and general height are commonlv regarded by 
 the casual observer as but one. On the summit of these mountains,' in soli- 
 tary grandeur, reposes the (jIc! " Tiia-V," or Giant of the White Sulphur, 
 Nvho, mythology tells us, fell in one of the battles of the gods, and was con- 
 verted by Terra, the goddess of the earth, into this huge adamantine mass. 
 
 What we ha\e feebly attempted ti> set forth, together with the charming 
 intervales and picturesque patterns of flowering shrubs adorning the meadow 
 and banks of the creek, the forest covered hills in the near and greater dis- 
 tance, together with the distant ranges of lolty mountains stretching beyond 
 the power of vision, form a landscape almost or entirely unequalled, and so 
 striking as to leave ineffable impressions <>f its Ijeauty and grandeur upon 
 the mind of the behdlder. 
 
10 
 
 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 ra, 
 
 ^^'1^ '' 
 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 11 
 
 SOCIETY AND ITS AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 ^^EXT to the medical value of the water of the White Sulphur, and the 
 ^ invigorating climate of the place, the company that annually assembles 
 there is most worthy of notice. 
 
 The prestige of the White Sulphur for all that is elegant and refined in 
 society is coeval with its early history. For many years it has been the 
 great central point of reunion for the best society of the South, North, East 
 and West, that here mingle together under circumstances well calculated to 
 promote social intercourse and to call out the kindliest feelings of our 
 nature. 
 
 The cottao^c syston that has been introduced, although new to American 
 watering-places, has proved a complete success, and greatly contributed to 
 the home-like comforts and the sociality of the numerous families assem- 
 bled here. 
 
 Society seems here to meet on common ground, and the different shades 
 of feeling influencing it at home are laid aside, while each individual pro- 
 motes his own happiness by contributing to the happiness of others. 
 
 Here is to be found the statesman, who, worn down with labor and his 
 mind unstrung by the cares of office, seeks from the bracing air, the pictu- 
 resque scenery, and the genial company, not less than from the health-giving 
 waters, that recuperation of his wasted energies in vain sought for else- 
 where. Here, too, is found the man of letters, seeking rest from thought 
 and strength for future effort. The poet, too, is here, to quaff vigor from 
 the sparkling fountain, and new images of beauty from nature's lavish stores 
 that are spread around him ; and here, too, come in crowds those who haxe 
 ever plumed the poet's fancy to its sublimest flights— beauteous woman, 
 by her presence brightening every prospect and gracing every scene. 
 Following naturally in her train come those who ever love to bask in 
 beauty's smiles, and find in such scenes the happiest of their youthful hours. 
 Here, too, congregate the reverend clergy, the doctor, the lawyer, the judge, 
 wearied with the burdens of the bench ; the man of commerce, the finan- 
 cier, the thrifty planter, the sturdy farmer, and the retired man of wealth 
 and ease. These, reckoned by thousands, make up the company that an- 
 nually give tone and character to the White Sulphur, and make it at once 
 the Athens and the Paris of America. 
 
 The amusements are \'arious in kind and degree. No sketch can give 
 more than a faint shadowing of the pleasures of a visit to the Springs. The 
 freedom from care, the relaxation from bonds which have fettered us to the 
 treadmill ol business — the pure mountain air, every breath of which swells 
 the veins and makes the blood tingle with delight — the wild mountain 
 scenery, awakening new thoughts of the grandeur of creation and the 
 mighty power of God — the amenities of social intercourse, reliexed from 
 those necessary but vexatious rules of etiquette which hem in fashionable 
 life at home — all these combine to render a visit to the White Sulphur an 
 epoch in life to be looked forward to, and back upon with pleasurable 
 emotions. 
 
 The weary pilgrim, coursing over the burning sands of the East, does 
 not hail the sight of an oasis in mid-desert with more joy than the habitues 
 of the "White," worn down by cares or trouble, welcome the first glimpse 
 ol the sparkling fountain, and the verdant lawns encircled by cottage homes. 
 To him they promise rest, comfort, health, while to others they tell of pleas- 
 ures past and joys to come. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 Lover's Lea=. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 13 
 
 CHARACTEE AND PROPER MEDICIN'AL USE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WHITE SULPHUR WATERS. 
 
 Bv I. J. MooRM.\N. M. D. 
 
 PhYSIC1.\N T' • THE SPRINGS. AND ArTHf.R <iF VARIOUS WoRKS OS MINERAL \VaTER>. 
 
 MINERAL WATERS possess great and valuable powers, and are in 
 many cases superior to the medicines of the apothecary's shop : and 
 when used under proper and judicious discrimination, are well quali- 
 fied to assume a place in the great medical mind of the world, and. like 
 well defined articles of the viatcria medica. stand prominently forth as most 
 valuable resources of the healing art. 
 
 These views are sanctioned by a sufficient amount of truth and impor- 
 tance to influence us against the common practice of publishing certificates 
 of cases of diseases, unless such cases had been carefully diagnosed by a 
 part>' competent to such duty, and so clearly described as to give them a 
 feir claim to an intelligent public reliance. Upon this branch of the subject, 
 therefore, we propose to rely upon the general results of public opinion, 
 formed from the use of the water for a century, and from our own pro- 
 fessional experience in their administration for more \!t\zx\ forty years, in cases 
 the precise pathology and nature of which we carefully inxestigated in con- 
 nection with their use in each case, enabling us. we conceive, to determine 
 their power and applicabilities with the certaint>- that physicians determine 
 the peculiar action of any article of the drug-shop with which they are most 
 familiar. 
 
 Medicinal waters, to establish and perpetuate a valuable reputation, must 
 be carefully kept Ziilhin the clear bomidary of their pouer over disease, 
 and within their true adaptations cu curative agents. Fully impressed wth 
 this essential truth, we have ever been even more desirous to discourage the 
 use of the White Sulphur waters by persons to whom we did not think them 
 well adapted, as to encourage their use by those to whom they would 
 pro\e beneficial. It is only by a well guarded system of administration 
 that a solid reputation for any potent mineral water can be thoroughly 
 established and permanently maintained. Besides, to be eflfectually em- 
 ployed, whatever be the name of the disease for which they are used, the 
 existing stcUe of the system at the time, and a proper administration to 
 secure their best effects, are important points that cannot l>c safely ignored. 
 
 There are biasing partialities and prejudices in the whole certificate sys- 
 tem that are sure to mtrude in despite of ever>- eflbrt to keep them out, and 
 hence it is that conclusions in such cases are apt to be too sweepini^ly made, 
 to be realized by those who rely upon them. We have had abundant reason 
 to know that ereat iniustice is often done to suffering humanitv. however 
 
14 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 unintentionally, and ultimately, too, to mineral waters, by having them 
 placed, through vague and extravagant certificates, upon the common plat- 
 form with patent medicines. In this way hopes are often created in the 
 minds of invalids that are destined to sad disappointment, while the failure 
 of the waters to accomplish all that has been injudiciously promised for 
 them causes their reputation unduly to suffer in public estimation. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS. 
 
 >|f HE WHITE SULPHUR was analyzed in the winter of 1842, by Prof. 
 •J-l-^ Hayes, of Boston, from a few bottles of the water sent to his labor- 
 atory the preceding fall. From his report, 50,000 grains (about seven 
 pints) of this water contain in solution 3,633 water grain measure of gase- 
 ous matter, or about 1.14 of its volume, consisting of 
 
 Nitrogen Gas 1013 
 
 Oxygen Gas loS 
 
 Carbonic Acid 2.244 
 
 Hydro-Sulph. .\cid* 068 
 
 One gallon, or two hundred and thirty-seven cubic inches of the water, 
 contains 19 liZ cubic inches of gas, having the proportion of 
 
 Nitrogen Gas 4.680 
 
 Oxygen Gas 498 
 
 Carbonic Acid 11.290 
 
 Hydro-Sulph. .\cid 271 
 
 Fifty thousand grains of this water contain 115 ,'oJ^ grains of saline matter, 
 consisting of 
 
 Sulphate of I-ime 67.168 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia 30.364 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium S59 
 
 Carbonate of Lime 6.060 
 
 Organic Matter (dried at 212"). ." 3-740 
 
 Carbonic .\cid 4.584 
 
 Silicates (Silica 1.34. Potash 18, Soda 66, Magnesia and a trace of Oxide 
 
 of Iron) 2.960 
 
 Professor Hayes remarks that the organic matter of the water, in its phys- 
 ical and chemical character, differs essentially from the organic matters of 
 some thermal waters ; in contact with earthy sulphates, at a moderate tem- 
 perature, it produces hvdro-sulphuric acid, " a?id to this source that acid 
 contained in the -a'ater may be traced^ He adds : 
 
 " The medicinal properties of the water are probably due to the action of 
 this organic substance. The hydro-sulphuric acid, resulting from its nat- 
 ural action, is one of the most active substances within the reach of physi- 
 cians, and there are chemical reasons for snpposino; that after the ivater has 
 reached the stomach, similar changes, accompanied by the products of hydro- 
 sulphuric acid, take place. "^ 
 
 Professor Wm. B. Rogers also analyzed this water, with the following 
 results : 
 
 *It must be borne in mind th.it this w.iter w.is e.v.imined by Prof. Hayes several months after its removal 
 from the Spring, and consequently after it had parted with a large portion of its free hydro-sulph. acid gas. 
 
 tSee Chapter HI. on the "Relative virtues of the saline and gaseous contents of the White Sulphur 
 Water," in the " Mineral Springs of North America," by the Author. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 15 
 
 Solid matter, procured from lOo cubic inches, dried at 212° Fah.. con- 
 sisting: of 65.54 grains: 
 
 Sulphate of Lime 3i.68o grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Matjnesia °-24i 
 
 Sulphate of Soda .4-050 ^^ 
 
 Carbonate of Lime ^-530 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia 0.50O ^^ 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium °07i ^ 
 
 Chloride of Calcium '^■^^^ .< 
 
 Chloride of Sodium •- °-22o ^^ 
 
 Proto-Sulphate of Iron '^"^9 ,, 
 
 Sulphate of Alumina 0-0I2 
 
 Earthy Phosphates— a trace. 
 
 Azotized Organic Matter, blended with a large proportion of Sul- 
 phur, about '^"05 ' 
 
 Iodine, combined with Sodium or Magnesium. 
 
 Volume of each of the teases, in a free state, estimated in 100 cubic 
 inches : * 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen O-^^ 
 
 Nitrogen ' -^^ 
 
 Oxygen 0.19 
 
 Carbonate Acid 3-o7 
 
 MEDICAL CHARACTER OF THE WHITE SULPHUR 
 
 WATER. 
 
 yrf'HE distinctive medical intluences of this water upon the system are 
 -J AX cathartic, diuretic, sudorific and alterative. 
 
 Some cathartic and diuretic effect, as well as a distinct determina- 
 tion to the skin by sieeatiui:;, is easily induced under its use in the great 
 majority who drink it. But the most decidedly controlling etiect of the 
 water over diseased action, and that which, more than every other, gives 
 its highest and most valuable character as a remedy, is its alterative 
 POWER, or that peculiar action by which it effects salutary changes or alter- 
 ations in the blood, in the various secretions, and upon the various tissues 
 of the body. 
 
 The certain effects of the water in stimulating glandular secretions, 
 dissolving chronic inflammations, overcoming obstruetions, and throwing 
 off offensive debris from the diseased system, leave no doubt ot its distinc- 
 tive and active alterative powers. Indeed, no article of the Materia Medica 
 has more decided alterative effects. 
 
 We desire especially to call the attention of physicians, and the intelligent 
 public generally, to this distinctive and remarkable quality ot the water. In 
 this, more than anything else, it differs from other mineral waters. Many 
 other waters are found to possess valuable alterative power, and with an 
 equal or greater cathartic or diuretic action, but none have yet been slii:)wn 
 to be so certainly, promptly and poucrfully alterative upon the lunnan 
 system. 
 
 Some of our unprofessional readers may desire to know the precise mean- 
 ing that is attached to the term alterative, in a medical sense. This 
 term simply means to alter t)r change ; that is, to alter or change the chem- 
 ical com[)Osition of the blood, the secretions of the glands and the various 
 secretory organs and surfaces, the removal of obstructions from the glands 
 
 *ioo cubic inches amount to about three and a h.ilf pints. 
 
16 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 or minute vessels which occur in cong^estions, irritations and inflammations, 
 thus restorini^ the blood and the general organism to their natural condi- 
 tion and to the performance ot their natural functions. 
 
 We claim that the water has these effects by being absorbed, or, in other 
 words, enterinfj into the great circuit of the circulation, and thus exercising 
 the specific or peculiar action of its constituents in promoting the various 
 secretory and excretory processes, and thereby restoring the diseased sys- 
 tem to a physiological condition. 
 
 Such effects and changes wrought in the sick body are obviously an alter- 
 ation, and the remedy that produces them is an alterative. This is but a 
 part of a medicinal alteratixe. but it conveys a sufficient idea of its nature. 
 
 The water is also remarkable for its power in rediuing the force and 
 frequency of the pulse, when unduly excited. Its influence in this respect 
 should be regarded, not as a direct sedative effect of the agent, Init as the 
 result of its potency in abating general excitement, resolving inflammations 
 and removing obstructions, thus l)ringing back the system to its normal 
 condition. 
 
 Experience in the administration of these waters has abundantly estab- 
 lished the fact of their direct and positive influence in controlling and eradi- 
 cating many diseases. Their effects, when properly used, are to revive the 
 languishing circulation, to give a new direction to the vital energies, re- 
 establish the perspiratory action of the skin, bring back to their physiologi- 
 cal type the vitiated or suppressed secretions, provoke salutary evacuations, 
 either by urine or stool, or by transpiration ; they bring about in the animal 
 economy an internal transmutation — a profound change. Entering the 
 circulation, they course through the system, and apply the medicinal mate- 
 rials which they hold in solution in the most minute form of subdivision that 
 can be conceived of, to the diseased surfaces and tissues ; they reach and 
 search the most minute ramifications of the capillaries, and remove the mor- 
 bid condition of these vessels, which are so commonly the primary seats of 
 the disease. 
 
 It is thus that they relieve chronic disorder action, and impart natural 
 energy and elasticity to vessels that have been distended either b)^ inflam- 
 mation or congestion, while they communicate an energy to the muscular 
 fibre and to the animal tissues generally which is not witnessed from the 
 administration of ordinary remedies. It is thus that they produce the 
 alterative effect, the ''profound chano^e " upon the system, of which we have 
 been speaking. 
 
 It may be well to remark that all mineral waters, to a greater or less 
 degree, are stimulants, and consecjuently are inapplicable to the treatment 
 of acute or hii^hlv in/lannnatory diseases. This is especially true of the 
 White Sulj)hur, particularly when drunk fresh at the spring and abounding 
 in its stimulating gas. It is true that when its volatile gas has flown off it 
 becomes far less stifnulatiuQ-, and may be used with safety and success in 
 cases to which in \ts perfectly fresh state it would be unadapted. Hut even 
 in its least stimulating form it is inadmissible for excited or febrile conditions 
 of the system, and especially in high inflammatory action, at least until the 
 violence of such action has been subdued by other agents. 
 
 While these waters have excellent adaptations for the cure of many dis- 
 eases, they are unadopted also to the treatment of others. It would be 
 irrational to supj)ose that any medical agent capable ot effecting so much 
 good as is this water, when properly directed, should be incapable of doing 
 harm when improperly used. In many cases in which it has a happy 
 adaptation it fails of its good effect from being improperly taken, while in a 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 17 
 
 few cases its effects would be injurious from its very nature, however it 
 might be employed. Some of the latter class of cases, very prominent in 
 their importance, will be noticed under the distinct heading of " Diseases i?i 
 which the 7catcr should not he Jised^ 
 
 POPULAR ERRORS IN THE USE OF MINERAL 
 
 WATERS. 
 
 V>EFORE entering upon the consideration of the diseases for which the 
 ^-^ White Sulphur Water may be beneficially employed, we desire, for the 
 benefit of invalids who may visit these or other mineral waters, to make 
 a few remarks with the view of correcting some at least of the poptdar errors 
 that exist in connection with the use of such waters ; and we trust that a life 
 devoted to the investigation of this general subject will relieve us from any 
 appearance of egotism in doing so. We regret that the limited space within 
 which we desire to confine this publication will not allow us to say as much 
 upon the subject as we could wish to do. 
 
 The first of the popular errors to which we call attention has reference to 
 the time invalids should Jise mineral ivaters. 
 
 There is an opinion in the minds of not a few that such waters should not 
 be drunk longer than a given number of days, and that after such time they 
 are prejudicial rather than beneficial. This is an error. There is no spe- 
 cific time during which invalids, speaking generally, should use this or any 
 other mineral water. The time during which all such waters should be used 
 depends upon the nat^ire of the case, the ynanner in ichich they are 7ised, 
 the susceptibilities of the case, and their effects upon the organism and the 
 disease. 
 
 There are periods, but u?icertain periods, in the use of the White Sulphur 
 Water, when it ought to be suspended or discontinued ; but such periods 
 can only be judged of by the effects, and not from any number of days 
 during which it may have been drunk. If the water be not adapted to the 
 disease and to the existing state of the system, of course it ought not to be 
 used at all ; but if it be adapted, it ought to be persisted in until it produces 
 its alterative or proper curative effects. 
 
 It happens in many cases that some appropriate management is essential 
 to prevent the water from having vagrant and undesirable operations, and 
 to hasten its speedy and good effects ; but it would be in vain to expect its 
 use to result in a cure until it has been properly employed for a sufficient 
 length of time, (and this irrespective of the number of days) to produce the 
 desired effect. 
 
 From two to eight zueeks is the range of time within which it may be made 
 to produce all its good effects, or bring the system into such a condition as 
 insures a return to health. But in less than tivo iceeks, however skilfully 
 directed, it need not be expected that it will be productive of its full sani- 
 tary influences. 
 
 The second popular error is that of hastily changitig from spring to 
 spring, without staying sufficiently long at any one to produce lasting or 
 permanent good impressions upon the disease. 
 
 A restless disposition often causes invalids to fly from one spring to an- 
 other, in the vain hope of greater good, when very probably the time they 
 fruidessly spent at several different springs would have been sufticient to 
 cure them at any one of them that might be even tolerably adapted to their 
 condition. 
 
18 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 In this respect, such water drinkers are like the " maid of all work " in 
 the household ; always busy, but fully accomplishing nothint^. 
 
 This criticism does not apply to xnere pleasure seekers. They may pro- 
 perly go from spring to spring, and spend their time just where they are 
 the happiest. 
 
 But it is not so with invalids who have so»ietltin{^ for the waters to ac- 
 complish in the removal of disease. They should carefully select the water 
 best adapted to their cases, and use \\. properly a.r\d perscveringly, until such 
 effects are produced as the nature of the case requires ; or until its inutility 
 has been demonstrated. The first having been effected, the invalid can 
 with propriety, and often to great advantage, resort to other and different 
 waters, or baths, as may be best adapted to his or her nervous condition. 
 
 The very common error with invalids of a haphazard or experimental 
 use of strong mineral waters, is a subject well deserving consideration ; but 
 anything like a full discussion of it here would necessarily exceed the limits 
 to which we wish to confine this pampjilet. 
 
 The importance of a proper use of mineral waters has so impressed the 
 public mind of Continental Europe, that royal edicts have long been in 
 existence, absolutely forbidding the use to all invalids of the strong mineral 
 waters of their respective kingdoms and empires, until the case of each in- 
 valid has been examined by a physician supposed to be qualified for, and 
 especially appointed to such duty. And it is required of the physician thus 
 officiating, to give to each invalid special directions as to the use of the 
 waters and baths, to which the patient is as much expected to adhere as 
 to any other prescription of his physician. 
 
 Under this system of protecting the interest of the invalid, and at the 
 same time guarding the reputation of the waters, the true medicinal powers 
 of the latter have been clearly defined and are as well understood as are the 
 'evading articles of the apothecary's shop. 
 
 Reason surely gives sanction to the assertion that a potent mineral water 
 that has been extensively used for years, has established in the judgment of 
 those who have long watched its medicinal effects some well defined laws 
 of its operative powers upon the human system ; or in other words, it has 
 established for itself certain hygienic and therapeutic laws, by a knowledge 
 and observation of which it may be taken understandingly, safely, and in a 
 manner to secure its sanative effects without incurring risk or unnecessary 
 delay from improper administration. 
 
 Nevertheless, many serious invalids, and those too who are desirous of 
 speedy relief, will, with the utmost uncertainty of the correctness of such 
 a course, enter upon the use of such waters entirely in an experimental way , 
 and with as much disregard of the known laws of their administration as if 
 no such laws existed. 
 
 Such experimentalists, by inefficient or untimely dosing, or, far more 
 common, by overdosing, sometimes, by using the remedy when they are 
 under a temporary excitement, or other influences that prevent its good 
 effect, (and which by a little precaution might speedily be removed), or by 
 using it too fresh, when it ought to be used stale, allow themselves either 
 to be positively injured, or at least deprived of the benefits that might have 
 resulted from its proper administration. 
 
 Such tentative drinkers may now and then adopt the best course that 
 could have been pursued, ancl all will go well ; but in no few instances it 
 happens that gra\e mistakes are made and real injury efiected. But if no 
 absolute injury shall have been done, it very commonly results that such 
 experimentalists waste much time without deriving compensating advan- 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 19 
 
 tages, and often, after a week or two of profitless, if not hurtful experiment- 
 ing, perceive the necessity of ceasing such a course, and begin the use of 
 the agent de novo as it were, and as if they had never before taken it at all, and 
 without having derived any advantage from the week or two, it may be, that 
 they had been improperly using it.* 
 
 Invalids intending to use mineral waters for the treatment of their diseases 
 should first satisfiictorily ascertain what particular water is best calculated 
 to cure their maladies, and before entering upon its use, acquaint themselves 
 with the proper way of using it, and with the general management and pre- 
 cautions necessary to be observed while under its use, not only in reference 
 to the quantity and times of drinking, but also in reference to baths, the 
 manner and periods of taking them, together with a proper general rule of 
 living, as relates to diet, exercise and exposure, while they are under 
 agencies and in a climate to which they have not been accustomed. Thus 
 properly informed, and prudently conforming to judicious instructions, they 
 may reasonably hope to secure all the advantages that can be derived 
 from such agents. 
 
 The strength of the natural appetite for the good things of this world and 
 the dicta of fashion but too commonly override the most judicious medical 
 advice, at a fashionable watering-place, in reference to diet and dress. Still 
 we cannot conscientiously withhold this well-meant warning to the serious in- 
 valid at such places, to eat pnidently, irrespective of the inducement which 
 an active appetite may offer, and to clothcicarmly and avoid night exposure^ 
 whatever fashion may demand or temptation crave. 
 
 BEST PERIOD OF THE YEAR FOR INVALID 
 VISITATION. 
 
 T Jt'E are often asked by correspondents and others as to the best iivie or 
 ^JL, period of the season for invalid visitation to the Springs. As this is a 
 matter of no little importance to the invalid, we remark in reference to 
 the White Sulphur that from the 15th of May to the middle of July is pre- 
 ferable to an earlier or later period of the season. There are substantial 
 reasons why invalids should make their visits within the range of the time 
 mentioned, and that they should prefer an earlier rather than a late period 
 of this range c^ time. 
 
 1st. Because during this period we have the most delightful weather of 
 the season — neither too warm nor too cool tor exercise in the open air. 
 
 2d. Because the crowd of mere pleasure-seekers has not set in up to this 
 period ; the place is less crowded, and all the facilities and comforts of a quiet 
 home are more easily and certainly obtained. 
 
 3d. In the early period of the summer solstice, just after the cold and 
 inclement weather of winter and early spring, and before the sufferer has 
 become enervated by the heat of the summer, chro7iic disease more readily 
 yields to the alterative influence of the waters, and consequently the invalid 
 is more certainly and speedily placed under their curative powers ; and 
 
 4th. Because invalids, whose maladies have been essentially modified or 
 cured in the early part of the summer have a longer period of favorable 
 weather, either here or elsewhere, in which to perpetuate and confirm their 
 amendment and final cure, than those who might receive influences equally 
 beneficial, but obtained at a later period of the summer. 
 
 *Thc BKROR that most frequently results in positive and lasting; injury to the invalid at these springs, 
 is the improper use 0/ the jvnrtn and hot sulphur hath. Of this I shall more fully write i:nder the head of 
 " Bathing at the White Sulphur ." 
 
20 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 We might allude to other advantages enjoyed by the invalid who makes his 
 visit to mineral waters early in the season ; but let it suffice to remark, that 
 long observation as Medical Director of these waters has abundantly satis- 
 fied us of the decided advantage that attaches to early rather than late visi- 
 tation by those who are seeking to secure the largest amount of benefit from 
 their use. Hence we earnestly suggest to invalids who design visiting these 
 waters in the course of the season not to postpone their visit to a late period 
 of the season, and to choose an early rather than a late period of the time we 
 have designated as preferable. Many invalids will derive as much advan- 
 tage from three weeks' use of the water in June as they will from four in 
 October. 
 
 But while the summer, and especially the early part of it, is the preferable 
 time for using the waters, they may nevertheless be drunk to advantage 
 during the cold weather of the late fall, whiter or early spring, provided 
 that those who use them are properly protected by clothing suitable for the 
 season, and by warm and comfortable lodging. 
 
 DISEASES TO WHICH THE WHITE SULPHUR 
 WATER IS APPLICABLE. 
 
 a OR want of space we can only give a mere synopsis of the diseases for 
 the cure of which the White Sulphur waters have been long and 
 successfully employed, referring readers who desire more partic- 
 ular information upon this subject, as well as for the proper 7neihod of using 
 the waters in the varimis diseases, to " The Mineral Sprinirs of North 
 America^ 
 
 DYSPEPSIA. 
 
 This very common and annoying disease, the especial scourge of the 
 sedentary and the thoughtful, whether existing under the form of irritation 
 of the mucous surface of the stomach, vitiation of the gastric juice, or under 
 the somewhat anomalous characteristic of Gastralgia, is treated with much 
 success by a proper course of the White Sulphur water. 
 
 The apprehensive and dejected spirit that finds no comfort in the present 
 and forebodes only evil in the future — the hesitating will that matures no 
 purpose and desponds even in success — the emaciation of frame and hag- 
 gardness of visage — the ever-present endurance and all the imaginary and 
 real ills that torture the hapless dyspeptic — are often made to yield to 
 alterative and invigorating infiuences that a few weeks' judicious use of the 
 waters have established. 
 
 Administered alone, in every form of this disease, (for under the name ot 
 dyspepsia we have several forms of stomach disease essentially differing 
 from each other, and requiring different modes of treatment,) its curative 
 powers may not always be so marked ; but in several varieties of the dis- 
 ease, and those indeed which we most often witness, it deserves- the very 
 highest praise that can be conferred upon any remedy. In cases of this 
 disease in which the Liver is implicated, occasioning slow or unhealthy 
 biliary secretions, a state of things that often exists, the water may be used 
 with special advantage. To effect permanent and lasting cures in such 
 cases, the waters should always be pressed to their complete alterative 
 effects upon the system. See ''Mineral Waters of the Uiiited States and 
 Canada,'' by the author, page 128 and following. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 21 
 
 CHRONIC IRRITATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE 
 STOMACH AND BOWELS. 
 
 The lar<;est class of invalids that resort to our mineral fountains for relief 
 are those afflicted with abdoviinal irritations, and especially with Irritatioru 
 of the niHCOJis coat of the stomach and bowels. 
 
 These irritations are occasionally so marked by a superadded nervous 
 mobility as to conceal their true character from the sufferer, and sometimes 
 from his medical adviser. The disease is far more common in late than in 
 former years. The number of cases at the White Sulphur has been, I am 
 sure, more than triplicated within the last few years. It maybe induced by 
 any of the numerous causes whose tendency is to derange the digestive, 
 assimilative and nervous functions, and is often connected with some indi- 
 gestion, irregular or costive bowels, and with resdessness and unhappy 
 forebodings of impending evils. We have much confidence in the waters in 
 such cases when prudently and cautiously used, aided, if necessary, by proper 
 adjunctive means, and pressed to their full alterative effects."^ 
 
 LIVER DISEASES. 
 
 Chronic disease of the liver, in some form or other, is a very common 
 disease of our country, especially in the warm latitudes and miasmatic dis- 
 tricts. Very many affected with this complaint have annually visited the 
 White Sulphur for the last fifty or sixty years. In no class of cases have 
 the effects of the waters been more fully and satisfactorily tested than in 
 chronic deran^cfneyits of the liver. 
 
 The viodiis operandi of sulphur water upon the liver is dissimilar to that 
 of mercury, and yet the effects of the two agents are strikingly analogous. 
 The potent and controlling influence of the water over the secretory function 
 of the liver must be regarded as a specific quality of the agent, and as con- 
 stituting an important therapeutic feature in the value of the article tor dis- 
 eases of this organ. Its influence upon the liver is gradually but surely to 
 unload it when engorged, and to stimulate it to a healthy performance ol its 
 functions when torpid. 
 
 The control which this water may be made to exercise over the liver, in 
 correcting and restoring its energies, is as often astonishing as it is gratify- 
 ing — establishing a copicnis flow of healthy bile, and a consequent activity 
 of the bowels, imparting a vigor to the whole digestive and assimilative 
 functions, and, consequently, energy and strength to the body and life and 
 elasticity to the spirits. 
 
 For many years we have kept a " Case-Book'' at the White Sulphur, and 
 have carefully noted the influences of the water upon such cases as have 
 been submitted to our management. Among the number are many hun- 
 dred cases of chronic affections of the liver, embracing diseases of simple 
 excitement, chronic inflammation, cni^orgemcnt, and obstiuctions of the 
 biliary ducts, etc. These cases were treated either with the White Sulphur 
 alone, or aided by some appropriate adjunctive remedy ; and, in looking at 
 the results, we must be permitted to express a doubt whether a larger relative 
 amount of amendments and cures has ever been effected by the usual reme- 
 
 • For a more full account of this disease, its symptoms and treatment, see vol. on the " Mineral Springs of 
 the South and Southwest," by the Author, or his volume on the Mineral Springt o/tht United '^tatet and 
 Canada . 
 
22 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 dies of the medical shop. This we know is high eulogy of the water in such 
 diseases. It is considerately made, and is no higher than its merits justify. 
 
 To hasten and insure the action of the water upon the Liver, the occa- 
 sional use of some mild aperient medicine that has specific action upon that 
 organ is almost invariably advisable during the first few days of using the 
 waters. 
 
 When Scirrhosityoiiho^ liver is suspected, the water, if used at all, should 
 be used under the guard of a well-informed medical judgment; for in actual 
 Scirrhosity, if it be pressed beyond its primary effects upon the stomach 
 and bowels, it is very decidedly injurious. We have known several cases in 
 which death was hastened by disregarding this caution. 
 
 For a more f tell ace ou7it of the inflxiences of the water in Liver Diseases, 
 the reader is referred to the Author's work on the " Miyiernl Waters of the 
 United States and Canada,'' or Mineral Waters of North America. 
 
 JAUNDICE. 
 
 This is a form of liver disease in which obstructions prevent the free egress 
 of the bile from the gall-bladder along its natural channels, and hence occa- 
 sions its absorption into the general circulation. 
 
 In cases of jaundice, in which the obstructing cause is inspissated bile, or 
 very small calcjili, or when occasioned by inflammation or spasm of the 
 gall-ducts themselves, the White Sulphur water, as might be expected from 
 its influence over the liver, is used with the happiest results. 
 
 Indeed, the individuals affected with incipient or confirmed jaundice, and 
 whose livers are free from scirrhus, cannot place too much confidence in 
 the use of the White Sulphur water and baths, with the occasional aid of 
 mild adjunctive means to aid in its speedy action upon the liver and skin. 
 Thus judiciously employed, and for a sufficient length of time, it invariably 
 proves successful, either in curing the case or in bringing the system into 
 the condition under which a cure speedily results. 
 
 In Scirrhosity of the Liver it should never be used. 
 
 CHRONIC DIARRHCEA. 
 
 In Chronic Diarrhcea, especially where the mucous coat of the bowels is 
 principally implicated, and, still more, where the case is complicated with 
 derangement of the stomach and liver, the water is often employed with very 
 gratifying effects. 
 
 While the water, properly taken, is a most invaluable remedy in Chronic 
 Mucoiis Diarrha-a, in no other disease are prudence and caution more emi- 
 nently demanded in its administration, and especially for the first few days 
 of using it. When prudently and cautiously prescribed in such cases, it is 
 not only a perfectly safe remedy, but also eminently curative in its effects. 
 Many of the most satisfactory results that we have ever accomplished by the 
 prescription of the White Sulphur water have been in cases of Chronic 
 Afncojis Diarrh(ra. 
 
 Serous Diarrhcea, oi chronic character, requires still greater caution in 
 the early use of the water than the mucous form to which we have been refer- 
 ring : and while the waters, when carefully introduced, constitute a valuable 
 remedy in such cases, they will, if too largely taken, aggravate the worst 
 symptoms of the disease.* 
 
 ♦See the details of several interesting cases in the " Mineral Waters of the United States and Canada," 
 by the Author. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 23 
 
 COSTIVENESS. 
 
 Habitual costivcness is a state of the system in which the water has been 
 extensively employed — sometimes successfully, sometimes not. When the 
 case depends upon depraved or deficient biliary secretions, much reliance 
 may be placed upon the efficiency of this remedy, if it be carried to the 
 extent of fully altcrating the system. 
 
 Costiveness, dependent upon inertia or loss of tone of the coats of the 
 bowels, is among the most difficult of mere functional derangements to re- 
 lieve. The persistent use of alterative doses of the water will, however, 
 sometimes effect it. But, most unwisely, many persons in this condition 
 defeat their chance of a cure by the very improper practice of using Cofnmon 
 salt in the water to render it purgative. Such a practice may answer a 
 present purpose, but it does much to defeat the alterative effects of the 
 water, which is its great power in such cases, and no permanent relief can 
 reasonably be expected from the use of the waters if this objectionable 
 practice be persisted in. 
 
 MALARIAL TROUBLES. 
 
 Unmistakable evidences of the existence of Malarial poison are fre- 
 quently manifested in visitors here from malarial districts of country ; and 
 in some who have had no distinct malarial attack, or even decided threaten- 
 ings of such attack, before leaving their homes. Indeed, persons from 
 miasmatic regions occasionally ha\e distinct chills soon after reaching our 
 high altitude, who probably would not have had such evidence of their 
 malarious condition if they had remained in the low lands. Others are 
 affected with symptoms that clearly demonstrate the existence of this 
 poison in the system, but are exempt from chills. 
 
 A full alterative course of the waters and Warm Sulphur baths may be 
 greatly relied upon in such cases. 
 
 The secretions, and especially the secretions of the liver and kidneys, in 
 all such cases, are more or less deteriorated and locked up ; and their 
 restoration to a normal condition is absolutely essential to a return to per- 
 fect health. Hence the necessity of using the water in such cases, strictly 
 in reference to its alterative influences — and at the same time of using occa- 
 sionally some mild and proper medicines to facilitate the correction of the 
 secretions. 
 
 HAY FEVER, 
 
 This disorder, periodical in its attacks, and in its symptoms much resemb- 
 ling an ordinary catarrh, is more or less common to all latitudes. With- 
 out being dangerous in its consequences, it is annually annoying to many 
 persons, and especially aI)out the period of the fall equinox. Great moun- 
 tain altitudes as a summer and fall residence, with tonics as medicine, are 
 most relied upon for modification or cure. 
 
 The elevation of the White Sulphur, 2,000 feet above the sea level, with 
 immediate surrounding mountains of 3.500 feet, together with an atmo- 
 sphere of great purity and elasticity, and the alterative and invigorating 
 effects of the water, very happily adapt it as a place of summer and fall 
 
24 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 residence of those afflicted with Hay Fever. We have rarely, if ever, seen a 
 case of this disease here that was not benefitted ; in some cases entirely 
 relieved for the season, in others greatly modified. In all cases more or 
 less benefit has been derived. 
 
 PILES. 
 
 The use of mild laxatives in hc7norrhoids has long been a favorite prac- 
 tice for their relief. The beneficial efi'ects of the water in this disease is 
 probably to some extent due to its laxative power, but still more to its 
 alterative effect upon the liver, through which the hemorrhoidal vessels 
 are favorably impressed. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 
 
 The While Sulphur water is used with very good effects in gravel ; 
 indeed, they almost invariably palliate such cases, and frequently, in their 
 early stages, entirely cure them. 
 
 Incipient calculus affections are relieved by the water pretty much in pro- 
 portion as it corrects the digestive and assimilating functions, improves the 
 blood, and brings the general economy into a natural type, preparing the 
 kidneys to resist foreign encroachments upon their functions, and to 
 elaborate, from healthy blood, proper and healthy secretions. Where the 
 afiection depends upon acid predominance in the fluids, the water never 
 fails to palliate, and often cures the case. Whether or not this water should 
 be preferred to other remedies, in calculus affections, depends upon the 
 diathesis that prevails in the system, and hence the urine should always be 
 carefully analyzed, that we may not act in the dark in such cases. 
 
 Chronic inflavwiatio7i of the kidneys, as well as similar affections of the 
 bladder and urethra, are often successfully treated by a judicious use of the 
 waters. We have treated numerous cases of catarrh of the bladder success- 
 fully by a proper use of the water and other appropriate remedies in 
 connection with it, always regarding the water, however, as the leading 
 remedy in the case. 
 
 Spermatorrhoea, often painfiilly implicating the nervous system, and 
 producing extreme debility, not only of the sexual organs, but also of the 
 general system, is often greatly benefitted at these springs. This disease 
 is generally found complicated with a condition of the skin and glandular 
 organs, and not unfrequently of the mucous surfaces, that eminently require 
 the aid of alterative remedies. In all such complications the waters are 
 found very valuable as a primary means, preceding and preparing the sys- 
 tem for the use of more decided tonic remedies. 
 
 FEMALE DISEASES. 
 
 In female diseases, in their various chronic forms ol amenorrha:a or 
 suppressed menstruation, dys?nenorrha'a, or painful menstruation, chlorosis 
 and leticorrhiva, the waters of the White Sulphur have been much em- 
 ployed. When the cases have been judiciously discriminated, and were 
 free from the combinations and states of the system that contraindicate the 
 use of the waters, they have been employed with beneficial results. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 25 
 
 CHRONIC AFFECTIONS OF THE BRAIN. 
 
 It is only since we inaugurated the custom of usiny^ the water in its ungas- 
 eons forvi (more than forty years ago) that it has been taken successlully, or 
 even tolerated by the system, in chronic inflammation of the brain. We 
 need, therefore, scarcely apprise our readers that it is only in its strictly 
 u7igasco7is form that it should be used in such cases, and then in a careful 
 and guarded manner. Thus prescribed, we ha\e in several instances found 
 .it beneficial. 
 
 NERVOUS DISEASES. 
 
 Neuralgia, in some form or other, has become a very common disease in 
 every part of our country, and the number that visit the White Sulphur 
 suffering with \\\\% protean and painful malady is very consideraVjle. Some- 
 times this disease exists as a primary or independent affection, but tar more 
 frequently as a consequence of visceral or organic derangements. Where 
 such is found to be the case, the White Sulphur waters are used with the 
 very best results. As an alkrativc, to prepare the neuralgic for receiving 
 the more tonic waters to advantage, it deserves the largest confidence by 
 those aftiicted with this annoying malady. 
 
 PARALYSIS. 
 
 The number of paralytics that resort to the White Sulphur is large, and 
 their success in the use of the waters various. Cases resulting from dys- 
 peptic depravities are oftener benefitted than those that have resulted from 
 other causes. In almost every case, however, some benefit to the general 
 health takes place, and sometimes an abatement of the paralysis itsell. 
 
 BREAST COMPLAINTS. 
 
 In tubercnlar consu7}iptio?i, whether the tubercles be incipient or fully de- 
 veloped, the White Sulphur water should not be used. Its effects in such 
 cases would be prejudicial. But there are other forms oi breast complaints 
 in which the waters have been found valuable, particularly in that form de- 
 scribed as 
 
 SYMPATHETIC CONSUMPTION.* 
 
 This form of breast complaint is the result of morbid sympathies extended 
 from some other parts of the body, and more commonly from a diseased 
 stomach or liver. The great par vaguni nerve, common to both the stomach 
 and lungs, afibrds a ready medium of sympathy between these two organs. 
 In protracted cases of dyspepsia the stomach often throws out morbid in- 
 fluences to the windpipe and surfaces of the lungs, occasioning cough, ex- 
 pectoration, pain in the breast, and many other usual symptoms of genuine 
 consumption. So completely, indeed, does this translated affection wear 
 the livery of the genuine disease that it is often mistaken for it. This form 
 of disease comes often under our notice at the Springs, and we frequently 
 witness the happiest results from the employment of the water in such cases, 
 
 * See " Mineral Waters of the I'nitcd States and Canada.-.," hy the Author 
 
26 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 and the more so because its beneficial effects resolve a painful doubt that 
 often exists in the mind of the patient as to the true character of the disease. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. 
 
 This atitection is often met with at the Springs, sometimes as a primary 
 affection of the bronchia, and often as a result of other affections, and espe- 
 cially of derangements of the digestive and assimilative organs. In such 
 translated cases we frequently find the broyichitis relieved in the same de- 
 gree that the originally diseased organs are benefitted. 
 
 CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 
 
 The various chronic diseases of the skin are treated with much success by 
 a full course of White Sulphur waters, in connection with a liberal course 
 of warm or hot sulphur baths. Our experience in the treatment of the vari- 
 ous forms oi skin disease with this water has been large, embracing certainly, 
 in the aggregate, many hundreds of cases ; and we would do injustice to such 
 experience, and withhold important hopes from the sufferers from such annoy- 
 ing afflictions, if we failed to express our entire confidence in their employ- 
 ment in such cases. Aided by mild alterative means, proper in themselves, 
 but which of themselves would not generally cure such cases, a thorough 
 course of the water and baths is entitled to the highest degree of confi- 
 dence in all such afifections. 
 
 RHEUMATISM. 
 
 The primitive reputation of the Water, and that which at an early day 
 directed public attention to its potency, was derived from its successful em- 
 ployment in rheumatism. The reputation thus early acquired has not been 
 lost, but, on the contrary, established and confirmed by its successful use 
 for nearly a century. 
 
 In most rheumatic cases the employment of zcarm or hot sulphur baths 
 constitutes a very valuable adjunct in their treatment. 
 
 With the Sulphur Water as a drink, and the use of the hot tub, douche 
 and siveatiyig baths of the same water, this place offers the strongest induce- 
 ments for the resort of persons afflicted with chronic rheumatism that can 
 anywhere be found. 
 
 Want of space will not allow us to describe the various forms of rheu- 
 matic trouble, and to speak of the relative merits of the waters in the sev- 
 eral forms of this disease. We remark, however, that while they prove emi- 
 nently beneficial in all forms of chronic rheumaiisfn, they are more decidedly 
 so in those cases that may properly be termed muscular, in distinction from 
 articular rheumatism, and this is so whether the cases arise from miasmatic, 
 mercurial, or other more common causes of the disease. A full course of the 
 waters, with baths properly tempered to the demands of the case, is essential 
 to a perfect cure. 
 
 The victim of this disease seeking to be cured by the use of these waters 
 and baths, must not despair from a failure of a short trial of them. In bad 
 cases a thorous^h course is required for complete relief But such relief so 
 commonly comes from such a course as to make perseverance very hopeful. 
 We have known bad cases that were but little improved from four weeks' use 
 of the waters, effectually cured by six or eight weeks' use. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 27 
 
 GOUT. 
 
 The gouty are numerous among the habitues of the White Sulphur. In 
 
 Eroportion as the waters impress the digestive and assimilative organs they 
 enefit gout. 
 Those who come here with confirmed gout often assure us that a course 
 of the waters and baths invariably brings such amelioration of their sutilerings 
 for about a year ; that is, from one season to another. Hence it is that we 
 so often find the same gouty subjects here regularly from year to year. 
 
 CHRONIC POISONING FROM LEAD 
 
 Is very advantageously treated by a full course of the water and baths. 
 When used with sufficient persistency, they may well be regarded as the 
 most reliable remedy to which persons thus aftlicted can have recourse, and 
 to such we earnestly recommend a trial of them, the more especially because 
 the ordinary remedies in such cases are admittedly very unreliable. 
 
 SCROFULA. 
 
 Sulphur Waters have long been in reputation in the treatment of scrofula. 
 Some English physicians have thought such waters superior to any other 
 remedy in scrofula. Dr. Salisbury, of Avon, New York, speaks favorably 
 of his experience of their use in such diseases. 
 
 In the early stages of scrofula the White Sulphur has often been used 
 with decided advantages, but in the advanced stages of this disease we do not 
 consider them at all equal in curative powers to some other mineral waters 
 in this region, and especially to the aluminated chalybeate waters. 
 
 DROPSIES. 
 
 The alterative influences of this water are often very conspicuously dis- 
 played upon the absorbent as well as upon the secretory system, and 
 hence, under its use, dropsical effusions are often removed, while the gene- 
 ral health and tone of the system are so improved as to prevent their reac- 
 cumulation. 
 
 In cases originating in, or dependent upon, obstructions of the glands, 
 the Sulphur Waters may be used with great confidence. 
 
 No invalids under the use of the White Sulphur are more signally bene- 
 fitted by appropriate active medicines in connection with it than dropsical 
 subjects. 
 
 Indeed, in all such cases the use of mild medicines adapted to insure the 
 certainty of proper action upon the absorbent and secreting system ought 
 never to be overlooked or neglected in such cases. 
 
 DIABETES. 
 
 Occasional cases of Diabetes Ikuc come under our professional manage- 
 ment at the White Sulphur, and among them have been cases of very intense 
 character. As might be supposed from the various and diverse causes 
 
28 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 of this disease, and the exhausted state of the organs with which it is 
 often connected, the success of treatment has been various and not always 
 successful. In some cases, however, the waters have had a most admirable 
 efiect, and upon the whole we think them worth trying in such cases. 
 
 MERCURIC SYPHILOID. 
 
 There is an enfeebled, susceptible and peculiar condition of the system 
 not unfrequently found to arise as the result of a long continued or improper 
 use of mercury in syphilitic disease, and especially in subjects of scrofulous 
 tendency. It seems to be the resultant effect produced by the actions of 
 the two poisons — mercury and the syphilitic virus constituting a disease sui 
 generis, and neither strictly mercurial nor syphilitic, but a hybrid. This 
 peculiar disease or state of the system we designate as vicrcurio syphiloid. 
 We have most frequently met with this peculiar affection in persons of strongly 
 lymphatic temperament, and in those of strumous tendency. Such cases 
 exhibit some of the characteristics of ordinary mercurial disease as well as 
 those of secondary syphilis, but the disease as a whole is not distinctly 
 marked as either. In such cases the antidotal effect of the mercury has 
 probably subdued the virus of the venereal poison, while the joint action of 
 the two has created a new disease, as loathsome, but not as infectious, as 
 the one for the cure of which the mercury was originally administered. 
 
 In such cases the waters constitute the best remedy known to us. We 
 know that some may regard our designation of this hybrid disease as singu- 
 lar as its announcement is new, but nevertheless ample opportunities for 
 many years for examining such cases establishes in our judgment the cor- 
 rectness of the opinion we expressed. 
 
 EFFECTS OF THE WATER IN INEBRIATION. 
 
 During the whole period of our residence at the Springs we have been 
 interested with the marked power manifested by the waters in overcom- 
 ing the desire for the 7ise of ardent spirits in those who have been ad- 
 dicted to their imprudent use. We by no means claim that these waters 
 should be regarded as a specific against either the love or the intemperate 
 use of alcoholic drinks, but simply that a proper use of them is a decided 
 preventi\'e of that feeling of necessity or desire for the use of strong drinks 
 which drives the inebriate to use them, in despite of his own judgment to 
 the contrary : or, in other words, that their proper use allays or destroys 
 the appetite or nervous craving for ardent spirits, and to such an extent that 
 even the habitual drinker and confirmed inebriate feels little or no desire for 
 them while he is properly using the waters. 
 
 During our long residence at these Springs we have witnessed hundreds 
 of cases fully justifying the above statement. This peculiar influence of the 
 White Sulphur water depends, first, upon the action of the snlphurettcd 
 hydrogen gas that abounds in it, and which is an active nervine stimulant, 
 and as such supplies the want the inebriate feels for his accustomed alcoholic 
 stimulant ; and, secondly, it depends upon the alterative influences exerted 
 by the waters upon the entire organism. While by its alterative power the 
 entire animal structure is brought into natural and harmonious acting, there 
 is a consequent subsidence of the cerebral and nervous irritation which 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 29 
 
 always prevails in the habitual drunkard, the abatement of which enables 
 him to exert a moral power greater than he could before, and sufficient to 
 overcome the lessened demand which his old habit, if he retains it in any 
 ■degree, now makes upon him. 
 
 In the initiatory, or forming stage of intemperance, the free use of this 
 water may be much relied upon to modify, or entirely prevent the temptation 
 for strong drink ; and even in the confirmed stage its persevering use may 
 inaugurate a state of the system that will essentially aid the sufferer in over- 
 coming the hurtful habit of intemperance. Indeed, if the habitual drinker 
 can be prevailed upon to use the water properly for some ten days, to the 
 entire exchision of alcoholic stimulants, he will have, for the time at least, 
 but little alcoholic temptation to resist. 
 
 Of course we will not be so misunderstood by any as to suppose that we 
 design even to intimate an opinion that this water is a sure and permanent 
 C7ire for either absolute or threatened inebriation. All we intend to assert in 
 this connection is, that a proper and continuous use of the water will very 
 essentially aid the intemperate drinker to lay aside the inebriating cup and 
 return to soberness. 
 
 The a'z7/of the excessive drinker must necessarily concur to some extent 
 with any effort successfully made for his relief. But while this is so, an 
 auxiliary agent, as innocent in its effects as Sulphur water, that can so far 
 satisfy the nervons cravings of the votary of strong drink as to give him 
 increased power to resist his morbid habit, while at the same time his gen- 
 eral health is improved, well deserves the attention of all who need assist- 
 ance in this direction. 
 
 It would be irrational for the inebriate to expect to be cured of his 
 morbid habit by simply visiting the Spring and drinking of its water, how- 
 ever freely, and at the same time (which has been the habit of some) to 
 drink freely also of alcoholic liquors. Such a course could be of no ser- 
 vice whatever. Stimulants of whatever kind, in such a case, must be 
 abstaiyied from while the water is establishing its peculiar action upon the 
 system. This effected, which can ordinarily be accomplished in ten or 
 twelve days, the success of further persistence in the use of the water is 
 hopeful, and easily thereafter under the control ol the individual who is 
 seeking relief. 
 
 USE OF THE WATER BY OPIUM EATERS. 
 
 We are occasionally consulted by distant parties who are apprised of the 
 effects of the water in allaying the desire for ardent spirits, whether or not it 
 has the same effects in reference to the desire for opiates. 
 
 The most that can confidently be said in favor of the use of the waters in 
 such cases — and all that ought to be said — is that when they xaxo. judiciously 
 used and inconnectio)i xvith proper adjunctive manaj^e men tarn] appliances, 
 they essentially aid the opium-eater in dispensing entirely with the use of 
 that drug. We will only add that, in our management of such cases, we have 
 not found it best tQ exclude the entire use of the driig when the patient /?>.t/ 
 eonwienccs the 7(se of the zvater, as we advise shall be done in the case of the 
 inebriate. 
 
30 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 
 
 DISEASES IN WHICH THE WATERS SHOULD NOT BE 
 
 USED. 
 
 't9t'E have heretofore mentioned some diseases and states of the system 
 ^-^ in which these waters should not be tised. As mistakes upon this 
 subject are matters of importance, we here recapitulate oft repeated 
 cautions, as to some of the more important diseases ; and 
 
 First. They should not be used in Tiibercidar Consumption. 
 
 Second. They should not be used in Scirrhus or Cancer ; or in that con- 
 dition of the stomach, liver, or any other organ threatening to terminate in 
 Scirrhus or Cancer. 
 
 Third. They should never be Jised in Hypertrophy or morbid Enlarge- 
 ment of the Heart. In such cases the use of the water or baths always 
 aggravates the disease, and if persisted in 'will very much hasten a fatal 
 termination. 
 
 For more than forty years, by our writings and oral declarations, we have 
 warned the Spring-going public against using these waters in enlarged 
 heart ; and yet, sudden deaths from this cause continue occasionally to 
 occur here, either from not knowing or disregarding such important 
 warnings. 
 
 As the medical director of these waters, and desiring that their use 
 shall be strictly confined within their legitimate power of doi?ig good, 
 and as a friend to common humanity, we trust that those afflicted with 
 disease that the waters cannot cure, but must aggravate, will be careful to 
 abstain from using them. 
 
 The vital importance of these caveats to the unfortunate invalids fully 
 justifies the earnestness with which they are given. 
 
 CHALYBEATE SPRING. 
 
 yr BOUT forty rods from the White Sulphur is a Chalybeate Sprijig, 
 "J \ in which the iron exists in the form of a carbonate of iron, the mildest, 
 least offensive, and ordinarily the most valuable form in which ferru- 
 ginous waters are found. 
 
 For the last twenty years this water has been considerably used by the 
 class of visitors whose diseases required an iron tunic, and its effects have 
 realized the rational hopes that were indulged in it. 
 
 BATHS AT THE WHITE SULPHUR. 
 
 \5tARM AND HOT BATHING, especially in highly medicated waters, 
 ^jL is a remedy of leading importance in a large number of the cases 
 that resort to mineral waters for relief 
 The water used for bathing at the White Sulphur flows" from the Sulphur 
 Springs of zvhich the visitors drink. When we look at the analysis of this 
 water, and find it to contain about one hundred and fifty grains of active 
 medicinal salts to the gallon, we cannot fail to see that, so far as the 7nedi- 
 cdtion of waters can favorably affect the bath for which they are used, the 
 White Sulphur baths have the strongest claim to confidence, inasmuch as 
 no other waters in America that are used for bathing are more highly 
 impregnated with mineral salts. 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 31 
 
 These baths, in connection with the drinking of the sulphur waters, al- 
 though not required in every case, are a matter of the utmost importance 
 in a large number of cases in aiding to produce the best effects of the 
 waters. 
 
 Impressed with the great value, in fact the absolute necessity to some in- 
 valids, of using such baths in connection with the drinking of the water, the 
 proprietors of the Springs ha\'e recently greatly enlarged and so remodeled 
 their bathiyig csiablishmeni as to make it in every respect satisfactory, it is 
 believed, to those who may desire to avail themselves of its use. 
 
 The bathing house is large, affording ample accommodations for the 
 bather. The bathing rooms are spacious, airy and comfortable ; and in ad- 
 dition to the usual tub baths they have erected douche baths for the appli- 
 cation of streams of hot or zcartn water to local parts of the body, and have 
 set apart rooms arranged for receiving sweating baths. 
 
 The construction of douche and si.i'eatmg baths of sulphur water, to be 
 employed under proper circumstances, in connection with the internal use 
 of the water, is a matter of the utmost importance to the successful treat- 
 ment of numerous cases that resort here for relief. 
 
 The new and impro\ed method of heating water for bathing deserves to 
 be especially noted. This is effected by steam in the vessel in which it is 
 used, and is a great improvement over the old method of heating mineral 
 waters for bathing. Under the old plan of heating in a boiler and thence 
 conveying the water to the bathing tub much of its valuable saline matter was 
 precipitated and lost. By this improved method of applying steam to the 
 water in the tub the heat is never so great in raising the water to the bath- 
 ing point as to cause any important precipitation of its salts : hence, they 
 are left in their natural suspension in the waters to exert their specific effect 
 upon the bather. Not only so, by this improved method hot steam may be 
 let into the tub from time to time, as the water cools, so as to keep it essen- 
 tially of the same temperature during the entire period of bathing, a consid- 
 eration often of no small importance. This method of heating mineral 
 waters in the tub in which they arc used, in connection with the do2ichc^v\d 
 sweating baths, brings hot and warm bathing at this place in favorable com- 
 petition with bathing at naturally hot and warm fountains, and promises to 
 be productive of the same good effects that are experienced from bathing 
 in such fountains. 
 
 Persons intending to bathe in hot sulphtir water should, previously to 
 doing so, be intelligently instructed under a proper knowledge of their case, 
 as to the precise temperattire of the bath, and the length of time they re- 
 main in it. Neglect or disregard of proper instructions, the relying upon 
 chance or the mere dictum of ignorance upon this subject, has often been the 
 cause, within our knowledge, of the aggravation of symptoms, and in several 
 instances of serious consequences. We state, therefore, for the benefit of 
 bathers in sulphur waters, that such baths, to be u.^ed safely and efficaciously, 
 must be used with careful reference to their temperature, the state of the 
 system 'when employed, and the length of time the bather remains in them. 
 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 
 
 ->wpiTE*fgniiP}inR*f3Pi^ij\63-«^ 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA, 
 
 So long and favorably known for their valuable ALTERATIVE WATERS, their 
 
 charming Summer climate, and the large and fashionable crowds that annually 
 
 resort to them, will be opened on ist JUNE. 
 
 I^TITES OF Cp^r^SPxS FGl^ SEASON 0F ISSI, VIZ : 
 
 Board, $3.00 per day ; $70.00 per month of iweniy-eighi days. 
 
 0^ Special Arrangements may be made for large families that spend the season here. 
 
 f^Special Rates will also be made for September and October. 
 
 ^fS" Children and Colored Semants half price. White Servants in proportion to the 
 accommodations furnished. 
 
 fS'A first-class Band will be in attendance to enliven the Lawns and Bali-Room. 
 
 9&' Afasquerade and Fancy Balls occasionally through the season. 
 
 tSf- Telegraphic Line in operation to the Springs. 
 
 -•^A Livery is kept for the accommodation of visitors. Horses kept at reasonable 
 rates. 
 
 '•S'A well organized Laundry, where all washing for the guests will be neatly done 
 at low rates — and to protect ourselves and our guests from loss and outside intrusion, we 
 must insist that the washing of visitors be confined to our laumiry, for the proper manage- 
 ment of which we are always responsible. 
 
 GREENBRIER WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS CO. 
 
 GEO. L. PEYTON, Supt. 
 
 I'H-2-SICX.A.3^ TO THE S:FX2.XiTa-S. 
 
 ^P~We have the pleasure to inform those who design to visit the Springs that Prof. J. J._Moor- 
 man, M. D., well known as the author of several valuable books on Mineral Waters, and of the work 
 just published on the " Mineral Springs of North .\merica," and for forty years Physician to the 
 White Sulphur, will be found at the Springs in that capacity. 
 
 7I6RIVTS FOl^ TPK SHIiE OF TflE Y/^TER. 
 
 _ Tir^xTT.-jr r- t> r »Tn.£- o^xt.- i f^ ) Sth and Walnut Sts. 
 
 Philadelphia, HENRY C. BL.VIRS SONN -j Stores: f iSth and Chestnut Sts. 
 
 Baltimore, COLEMAN & ROGERS. Richmond, Va., PURCELL, LADD & CO. 
 
 ^?-All these Agents h.ive constantly on hand fresh supplies of WHITE SULPHUR WATER 
 direct from the Springs. They also furnish pamphlets giving a full description of the WATERS, their 
 medicinal properties, &c., as well as information in regard to accommodations, ways of reaching the 
 Springs, &c., &c. 
 
We feci it due to the protection of our freehold rights that we an- 
 nounce to the public that the water and grounds of the White Sulphur 
 are reserved exclusively for the use of its guests, and that we cannot per- 
 mit the use of the water to persons boarding outside of the establishment. 
 This is not intended, however, to app!y to families or individuals per- 
 manently residing in the County, and who may desire the use of the 
 water for their own family or individual use. 
 
 DRY CREEK, 
 
 Is under the control and management of the White Sulphur 
 Springs Co., and 
 
 -^ 
 
 IS OPEN ALL THE YEAR, 
 
 \> 
 
 V/ITp 'I'HK FOLItOY/ING l^/ITES OK Cp/Il^GK^S, VIZ: 
 
 Board per day, • • - - $200 
 
 " per month of 28 days, ------- 50 00 
 
 Persons boarding here will have the privileges of the water and 
 grounds of the White Sulphur in common with other visitors. 
 
 GEO. L. PKYTOA, Snpt. 
 
C^'"The Depot at W^hite Sulphur is upon the edge of the beautiful ; 
 
 Lawn surrounding the Springs. 
 
 ^•"'Aao 
 
 ■" "" ■"V'-t^EUAUD 
 
 ^Ui^C. 
 
 X7 
 
 WHEELItlCX 
 
 
 /-A \ / 
 
 :k. 
 
 '^^ 
 
 ■'Mo« 
 
 // / / 
 
 ro„ 
 
 
 crn^SULP 
 
 .X./.v'/' 
 
 :CH^ 
 
 uP" / 
 
 ■■^^'"'^HMONo 
 
 .-■-" NCRfO'-'^ 
 
 
 
 ^5 
 
 NASHVILLE ^, 
 
 "^Htt 
 
 STOL 
 
 *'^BCRoi 
 
 O*"-.. 
 
 ' ^\V.t\^H 
 
 /UNOXViLLE. 
 
 \\ 
 
 \ 
 
 .:«WILMINCTDN 
 
 fCHATTANOU 
 
 \<^^^ 
 
 ^:--i 
 
 V^^^S/A 
 
 ■<«•>:? 
 
 >^»*^, 
 
 ^rj/v 
 
 ^OP£u. 
 
 '^Oy 
 
 ''»'A 
 
 "-^-^^-^^ 
 
 ■^^fc 
 
 *^>' 
 
 ^■*'*^. 
 
 -<*fc, 
 
 '^^^ 
 
 •/V^W 0»ieANS 
 
 Some of the Railroad Routes Leading to the 
 Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs, 
 West Virginia. 
 vvi*/ v^ .•♦^v vi•^:v V .*. vv > V V ji47 V V ,4 'V ^4*'^\^:x^^'^^'^^^y^^ 
 
 .4^ 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 417 688 1 
 
 ■^S^'