F 129 
 
 S5 S5 
 Copy 1 
 
 'Bhe 
 
 Schenectadian 
 
 Representing the Municipal 
 
 Industrial, Financial, Commercial, Educational 
 
 and General Public Interests of 
 
 Schenedady 
 
 The Great Western Gateway 
 
 Issued for the J^ •*••«' 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE 
 
 Schenectady, N.Y. 
 Nineteen - fourteen 
 By Ben S. Henry » 
 
"When men have a powerful desire 
 and get together for its achievement, 
 big things will be done." Schenecta- 
 dians are today getting together to 
 push to successful conclusion the move- 
 ment for the construction of a bridge 
 and viaduct over the Mohawk River 
 that will give a direct western approach 
 and outlet commensurate with the 
 city's size and urgent needs. When 
 The Great Western Gateway has be- 
 come an accomplished fact, Schenec- 
 tady vsdll stand upon the threshold of 
 the greatest era of its expansion. 
 
 BEN S. HENRY 
 
SCHENECTADY 
 
 The Only City in the World so Named 
 
 (Photo by ni.i.-i-iis Bros.) 
 
 Scht-iu-clady's Crcal While ll'u 
 
 Schenectadian 
 
 Portraying 
 
 The Advantages, Attradions and Opportunities 
 
 of the 
 
 Electric City 
 
 Issued for the 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE 
 Schenedlady, N. Y. 
 
 Copynght. 1914. by Benjamin S. Henry 
 
r ' ^ / 
 
 liimcs F. Houkcr, C,'iiiptroiu-i\ .(,'., ..,, .> . . 
 Pn'sidi-iit of the Board of Trade 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 Schenectady, the most beautiful, lieahhful 
 and rai)idly growing industrial city of the east, 
 looks forward with confidence to the future. 
 This great nation of ours in a couple of years 
 will enjoy unexampled prosperity and ex- 
 jK'ricnce a re\ival of business and industry 
 that will be both startling and pleasing. 
 Schenectady, with its vast industries, will re- 
 ceive a great benefit and reap a rich reward 
 in this general business revival. It will mean 
 for this city the steady employment of thou- . 
 sand> on thousands of skilled mechanics, 
 workmen and workwomen ; it will mean more 
 houses, more business blocks — in short, 
 Prosperitv ! 
 
 The deepening of the Hudson, the opening 
 of the Barge Canal and the completion of the 
 Great \\estern Gateway across the Mohawk 
 at Schenectady mean much for the future 
 growth, beauty and welfare of the city. 
 
 We are now developing a very beautiful and 
 comprehensive park system, consisting of sev- 
 eral parks, a number of smaller "breathing 
 places," and the beautifying of the river front. 
 
 Schenectady is fortunate in having many 
 social clubs and many charitable and frater- 
 nal organizations that are a distinct lieneht to 
 the community. It is the home of Union 
 College, the venerable educational institution 
 which, under the able guardianship of its 
 president. Dr. Richmond, is growing yearly, 
 and growing very fast. ( )ur public school 
 system is considered a model, not only by the 
 State of New York, but by other states. 
 
 Schenectady possesses k large Board of 
 Trade, that is r. force in many fields of activ- 
 ity for the suijstaiUial lienefit of the city. 
 
 The residential districts of Schenectady 
 are beautiful, and are becoming more so every 
 ^ear. The well-kept lawns, the neat houses, 
 the homes of architectural beauty, the broad 
 streets, the magnificent trees and the absolute 
 cleanliness everywhere noticeable tend to make 
 this a most attractive city in which to live. 
 l.\Mh:S F, HOOKER. 
 
 Horace If. Raymond 
 Seerelary of the Board of Trade 
 
 The Board of Trade nuist work and strive 
 for the best interests of the city, and of its 
 members. On such a body as ours rests a 
 great responsibility. 
 
 HORACE W. RAYMOND. 
 
 >CI.A393018 
 
 DEC 15 1914 
 
(Photo hy While) 
 
 State Street—Part <if the Business Seelion 
 
 SCHENECTADY T/]e Western Gateway. 
 
 The name of Schenectady stands unique in 
 geograi)liic nomenclature. It is the only city 
 of that name in the world. It follows, there- 
 fore, that in adopting a lofty ideal of civic life 
 and in "building her future to the best en- 
 deavor and accomplishment of her whole 
 citizenship." in striving to make herself unique 
 not only in name, but in the high character of 
 her nnmicipal policies, public improvements 
 and industrial conditions, there is no possi- 
 bility of other cities, by any confusion of 
 names, receiving credit for her achievements. 
 Conversely, if Schenectady throws herself 
 open to adverse criticism she cannot hope to 
 escaj)!- full responsibility in the eyes of the 
 world. I'.Ht .Schenectady has given hostage 
 to her ideais. to the spirit of progress, and is 
 unalterably pledged to advance toward the ful- 
 fillment of her destiny. 
 
 The fact that within the hitter decades of 
 the nineteenth century the Schenectady of 
 todav had "arrived" is impressed upon the 
 mind by the cold, unprejudiced figures of the 
 United States census reports, that show a city 
 of i9,yo2 inhabitants in 1890 bounding for- 
 ward to a population of 72,826 in 1910. A 
 gain of 12,000 in the succeeding two years is 
 indicated by the postal census of 1912. and it 
 is a conservative estimate to place the present 
 population near the 100.000 mark. The under- 
 lying' causes of this growth are not far to 
 seek. They are to be found in the strategic 
 advantages of the situation for manufactur- 
 ing purposes, in the excellence of the trans- 
 portation facilities at hand, in the attractive- 
 ness of an environment that invites home- 
 
 liuilding. and. al)ove all. in the broad-visioned 
 alertness of the city's Inisiness leaders. Such 
 influences, making possible the fir.st location 
 of the American Locomotive Company, the 
 (General Electric Company and other manu- 
 
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 Board of Trade Christmas Tree, Crescent Park 
 
.\t-ward I'iaic 
 
 facturing interests in the city, have continued 
 to be operative as factors in fostering the 
 expansion of these varied industries until, in 
 their present magnitude, they give employ- 
 ment to 30,000 of Schenectady's wage-earn- 
 ers, whose weekly pay envelopes contain, 
 under normal conditions. approximately 
 $500,000. 
 
 Population statistics, however informative, 
 can do little other than convey an idea of the 
 relative importance of the dot that Schenec- 
 tady now makes on the map of progress. A 
 brief survey of the city's advancement in other 
 directions — in municipal housekeeping, public 
 institutions and commercial endeavor — will 
 prove more enlightening. 
 
 LOCATION 
 
 Fronting upon the ^lohawk Ri\er, where 
 that historic stream, in a sweeping curve, 
 turns from its easterly to a northerly course 
 toward its confluence with the Hudson, at 
 Cohoes. Schenectady occupies a crescent- 
 shaped area of about eight square miles. The 
 ground rises gradually from the river front 
 to the low hill crests, giving excellent natural 
 drainage and a to])ographical conformation 
 lending itself admirably to the laying-out of 
 attractive streets and boulevards and the lo- 
 cation of homes in the most healthful and 
 pleasant environment. 
 
 STREETS 
 Schenectady has at the present time approx- 
 imately 70 miles of paved streets, of different 
 types of modern paving, designed to meet the 
 varying traffic requirements in the several sec- 
 tions of the city. Asphalt predominates, but 
 bitulithic ( or stone-filled block asphalt ) , 
 macadam, brick, cobblestone and granite are 
 also employed. In addition to these paved 
 streets, there is a total length of about 55 miles 
 of highways within the corporation limits now 
 graded or soon to be in process of grading, 
 bringing the grand total up to 125 miles of 
 streets accepted by the city. This mileage, 
 outside of the business center, embraces park- 
 like boulevards and wide, tree-arched avenues 
 that, winding over gentle slo])es, reveal at 
 every turn new vistas of beautiful homes, sur- 
 
 rounded by spacious lawns, shade trees and 
 iianks of flowers and shrubbery. Xor are 
 these several residential sections remote from 
 the heart of the city's business life. The effi- 
 cient trolley service of the Schenectady Rail- 
 way Company brings these sections, as well as 
 the out-lying suburbs, within a few minutes 
 of the shopping districts of State. Centre and 
 Jay streets. It is along these last named 
 thoroughfares that are located the large de- 
 jiartment stores and other shops in all lines of 
 merchandising, that ha\e built up Schenec- 
 tady's reputation as the foremost trading and 
 shopping center within a rafiius of fiftv miles. 
 
 THE GREAT WHITE WAY 
 To Schenectady belongs the distinction of 
 being one of the first cities of the coiuitry to 
 abolish railway grade crossings. It was, 
 moreover, among the earliest, outside of New 
 York, to recognize the value of a "Great White 
 \\ ay" as an agency of business development. 
 The plan of adequately lighting State Street 
 had its beginning as the result of the individ- 
 ual efforts of the merchants. Later taken up 
 Ijy the city, a uniform light of the boulevard 
 type was adopted, and State .Street, through 
 the whole shopping section, is now nightly 
 ablaze with light and astir with life. The in- 
 stallation of this lighting scheme has not only 
 added greatly to the attractiveness of the 
 street, but has proved highly profitable in a 
 twofold sense: it has been a large factor in 
 increasing property \alues and has ser\ed to 
 kee]i trade at home. 
 
 PROGRESS IN PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS 
 
 During recent years Schenectad_\-'s engineer- 
 ing department has been active in working 
 out and putting into execution comprehensive 
 plans for many public improvements. These 
 include street extensions and pa\ing. park- 
 ways and parks, greater efficiency in the water 
 supply and sewage systems and the construc- 
 tion of a sewage disposal plant. The plans 
 adopted have been designed not only to serve 
 the city's immediate needs, but with the view 
 of meeting future conditions as well. 
 
 Obtained by means of artisian wells from 
 springs deep underground. Schenectady's 
 
 I.ciii'.v and Avon Knads 
 
abundant wati-r >U|ii)ly is un-iir|)a>scil fur 
 purity. I'Ik' source uf supply is near l\oller- 
 daiu. just west of tlic city. Improvements on 
 a lart^e scale are now under way. ]>ro\idins^ 
 new steel mains of larger diameter, additional 
 high-pressure puiups at tiie Rotterdam station, 
 and other up-to-date devices that will gi\e 
 greatly increased fire i)rotection an 1 a conse- 
 quent lowering of tiie fire insurance rate. It 
 is proposed, also, to construct an underground 
 reservoir of i ^.ooo.otx) g.allons capiicitv on 
 Bevis Hill, ■ 
 
 A new sewage disposal |ilant has l)een con- 
 structed at a cost of over $230,000 that em- 
 bodies the most approved ideas for the scien- 
 
 of ;ircliitectnre, its facade, with a colonnade 
 of graceful and stately cohunns, is impressive 
 in the beauty and dignity of its treatment, and 
 the building as a wliole is admirably ])lanned 
 for its purpose. 
 
 The rostol'llce. at the cornci' of j.iy and 
 Libert v Streets, is another ]Jiililic building of 
 pleasing architecture, both as to cxtericjr and 
 interior. It is of modern construction in 
 ever\- respect, and is e(|ui])ped for the most 
 ex])edilions and ell'icient handling of the mails. 
 
 riie t h\ llall, built in iXSi, on Jay and 
 l''ranklin Streets, h.as long since proved in- 
 .•i(lei|n;ile for the increasing neeils of the city's 
 adniiiiisirativ e olTices. .\n Anne.K, adjoining 
 
 (Phot. I hy ll'Inl,-) 
 
 1.. 
 
 Street— The lUlis Reside 
 
 tific treatment of sewage. It has a maximum 
 capacity calculated to meet all requirements 
 of a largely increased population. The thor- 
 oughly modern and sanitary method of treat- 
 ment is such that there are no oiifensive odors 
 nor unsightly features in the plant itself, and 
 it is. therefore, in nowise detrimental to the 
 neighborhood in which it is situated. The 
 city is also provided with a modern equipment 
 for garbage collection and disposal. 
 
 Schenectady's reputation is builded upon the 
 solid foundation of accomplishment. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS 
 
 Schenectady's County Building, occupying a 
 commanding position facing Crescent Park, 
 is a structure that has recenty been erected at 
 a cost, inclusive of the County Jail, of $700,- 
 cxx). An adaptation of the Renaissance period 
 
 the older edifice, has also been outgrown, and 
 several departments are now located in nearby 
 oHice buildings. 
 
 The Public Library is housed in a beauti- 
 ful and commodious building standing on a 
 grassv terrace facing Union Street, adjacent 
 to the Cam[)us of Union University. The 
 
 l-i: 
 
 
 
 State Armory 
 
Public Library 
 
 J. Teller Schoolcraft, Mayor of Schenectady 
 
 Commissioner of Public Safety W. W. Wemple 
 
 City Hall 
 
 City Hall Annex 
 
 Corporation Counsel Edzi'ard D. Cutler 
 
r.)i()i/y Clfi-k George C. Mo<)n 
 
 Countx JudjU- IhiiiicI Xayltni. Jr. 
 
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 '\ \._^MM^M 
 
 Surrogate A. M. I'cddcr 
 
 District Attorney 
 A. r. Blessing 
 
 UlUI,- .-I I (/\ I ,iui-t 
 
 Mariin H Stuxuj 
 
 John ./. Mi Mullen 
 Fulice Justice 
 
 (Photo by White) 
 
 County Court House 
 
(Fholo hx White) 
 
 Post Office 
 
 purchase of the plot was made possible by a 
 generous gift from the General Electric Com- 
 pany. The building was completed, at a cost 
 of $50,000, in 1903, and was opened to the 
 public in the following year. With a shelving 
 capacity for 50,000 books, the library now pos- 
 sesses upward of 34,000 volumes, including a 
 reference collection covering a wide range of 
 subjects and books for general circulation in 
 all departments of literature. It is also pro- 
 vided with a liberal representation of maga- 
 zines and technical and trade periodicals. 
 Branch loan libraries and reading rooms, 
 established in ])ub!ic school buildings, have 
 been found to Ije successful adjuncts to the 
 main lilirary. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKING 
 
 iMuancial conditions in Schenectady have 
 always been essentially sound. As the logical 
 banking center of a widely-extended, pros- 
 perous surrounding region, and the home of 
 great manufacturing and mercantile interests, 
 its banking institutions rank among the 
 strongest in the country. The thrift and the 
 judicious constructive financial policies of the 
 directing heads of the city's banks and trust 
 companies are evidenced in annually increas- 
 ing assets and surplus, in regularly declared 
 dividends and protected resources. Unassail- 
 ably sound as monetary powers, the banks of 
 Schenectady have been one of the cliief fac- 
 tors in the progress and upbuilding of every 
 phase of the city's business activities ; and, in 
 reflecting to the country at large the solid 
 financial resources of the city, have exerted a 
 telling influence in attracting desirable indus- 
 tries and the cajMtal of discriminating, con- 
 servative investors. 
 
 The volume and importance of the city's 
 commercial transactions are accurately indi- 
 cated by the statements of its banks. Schen- 
 
 ectady has five prosperous financial institu- 
 tions. Its two National banks and two trust 
 companies represent a combined capital of 
 $600,000: and these banks, together with the 
 Sa\ings Bank, have on deposit, as shown in 
 their most recent available reports, the total 
 sum of $17,676,201.69. 
 
 The Mohawk National Bank is notable as 
 the oldest bank in the city. It was chartered 
 in 1807 and opened its doors for business in 
 the following year. Its first location was in 
 Church Street, near Union. Later the site 
 at the corner of Union and Church Streets, 
 where the Mohawk Club now stands, was pur- 
 
 Postmastcr Edzvtn Clute 
 
iOtti- 
 
 J . jL.,.HWPi 
 
 Cii/.^/i Xati.nud Hank 
 
 I'hi- .\\h,-iu\tady Trust Coinfiiiiy 
 
 Schenectady Siiz'iiigs Bank 
 
 The Mohazvk Xalionat Bank 
 
 The Citizens Trust Company 
 
cliascd ami a Iniilding erectud. into which the 
 bank iiiu\(jil aljout iSjo. Business was car- 
 ried on at this location until 1857, by which 
 period the large and increasing scope of its 
 transactions necessitated more roomy quar- 
 ters, and, following the trend of business to- 
 ward State Street, the institution was removed 
 to that thoroughfare. In 1865 it became a 
 National bank, and through the subsequent 
 years, in times of stress as well as in times 
 of prosperity, it has been recognized as one 
 of the most stable banking institutions of the 
 city. Its capital is Sioo.ooo: surplus and un- 
 divided profits. Sj14.476.j4. and its deposits. 
 S506, J3 1 .»(>. 
 
 The Union Xalional Bank, organized in 
 1S91. received its charter in iSjj. From its 
 inception it has been the consistant exponent 
 of fundamental!}- sound banking principles 
 and progressiveness of business policies. Its 
 growth has been such as to give it high stand- 
 ing among the leading National banks of the 
 present day. With a capital of $100,000. its 
 surplus and undiv ided profits are $217,200.32, 
 and its deposits amount to $1,060,327.81. 
 
 The advent of modern business methods, 
 the rise of great industrial organizations, the 
 extension of public utilities, and the develop- 
 ment of real estate and commercial enterprises 
 of large magnitude brought into existence 
 Schenectady's trust companies to meet the 
 urgency of the situation. The older of these, 
 the Schenectady Trust Company, is the out- 
 growth of the Schenectady Bank, a State in- 
 stitution, founded in 1838. The Schenectadv 
 Trust Compan>-. which took over the old or- 
 ganization, was chartered in 1002. From the 
 time of its organization it has been a factor 
 
 ll.'U.ih l:l.'ch 
 
 J.:hii H. irhitr 
 Fiiniicr Maycir uf Sclu'iu-i:tady 
 
 of constantly increasing importance in the 
 city's financial life. Capitalized at $250,000, 
 the remarkable extent of its growth is evi- 
 denced by the fact that its current report 
 shows a surplus of $62,500, with undivided 
 profits of $250,458.47. and total deposits of 
 $4,305,012.98. 
 
 The Citizens Trust Comitany was chartered 
 in 1906. Its administrative officers are men 
 of large and successful banking experience, 
 who command the confidence of the city's 
 business leaders. It has a capital of $150,- 
 000. surplus and undivided profits amounting 
 to $244,086.42. and deposits totalling $2,917,- 
 286.16. 
 
 For the span of more than three-quarters 
 of a century the Schenectady Savings Bank 
 has been a palpable force in promoting thrift 
 among the wage-earners of the city. Founded 
 in 1834. its development has been marked by 
 an uninterrupted increase, from year to year, 
 in the amounts of deposits and the number 
 .of accounts. Its one hundred and sixtieth 
 semi-annual report, issued July i. 1914. shows 
 deposits representing 34.517 accounts, aggre- 
 gating S8.887.342. 88. w^ith a surplus of S427,- 
 788.95. The bank maintains a Junior Depart- 
 ment, designed to encourage children in start- 
 ing savings accounts. 
 
 Tabulating, the capital, surplus and undi- 
 \ided profits and total deposits of Schenec- 
 tadv's banks are as follows : 
 
 Mohawk National Bank 
 
 Union National Bank 
 
 Schenectady Trust Company 
 Citizens Trust Company.... 
 Schenectady Savings Bank . 
 
 Capital 
 .Sioo.ooo 
 . r 00.000 
 . 250.000 
 . I ^o.ooo 
 
 Surplus and Undi- 
 vided Profits 
 $ 214.476.24 
 217,200.32 
 312,958.47 
 244,086.42 
 427,788.95 
 
 Total Deposits 
 $ 506.331.86 
 1. 060.327.81 
 4.305.012.98 
 2.917.286.16 
 8,887,342.88 
 
 Totals $600,000 
 
 10 
 
 $1,416,510.40 $17,676,301.69 
 
(Phot., hy ll-l,il,-) 
 
 THE SCHENECTADY BUILDING, LOAN 
 AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION 
 
 The Schenectady BuiUhng, Loan and Sav- 
 ings Association was incor[)orated in 1889. 
 Since that time each succee(Ung year has 
 shown a gradtially increasing business and 
 accumulated assets and dividends. 
 
 The Association's membership now num- 
 bers 2,000, who are owners, proportionately, 
 of the assets of $800,000, invested in lirst 
 mortgages upon improved real estate — prin- 
 cipally homes of its members — in the Cit}' of 
 Schenectady or within a radius of a few miles 
 from its limits. 
 
 The business has been managed upon a safe, 
 conser\ative and economical basis, and ex- 
 penses reduced to a minimum of three-quar- 
 ters of one per cent, on yearly cash receipts, 
 which is considered comparatively small com- 
 mensurate with tlu- \iiliinic i)l' liu^im.'-^ tr.m- 
 
 ■Vt'tc Vork Central Stati.jn 
 
 A Ihisy .S>,i/ .'II State Slir,-t 
 
 sacteil. thus lea\ing a large percentage of the 
 earnings to be distriljuted in dixidcnils 10 
 shareholders. 
 
 The Association has made o\ er one thou- 
 sand loans, and thus has helped hundreds of 
 people to secure homes or pay oft existing 
 mortgages, while hundreds of thousands of 
 dollars have been paid to investing members. 
 Its growth is strikingly shown by the fact that 
 its assets, which, in 1890, were $12,581.40, had 
 increased b_\- 1913 to the sum of $810,652.26, 
 
 The otticers of the Association since its 
 organization have been men of honesty, in- 
 tegrity and ability — men standing first in the 
 atfairs of tlie city, who have entered into the 
 work with keen interest and enthusiasm. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION 
 
 Tiie growth of Schenectady has not been a 
 matter of chance or accident, but has been 
 due to the governing influences of inexorable 
 economic forces, chief among which must be 
 reckoned the items of location and means of 
 transportation. The city occupies a strategic 
 position in the Alohawk Valley, at the portals 
 of nature's own highway through the great 
 Appalachian mountain barrier. This break in 
 the mountain chain was the determining geo- 
 graphic factor fixing the routes of the railway 
 and water transportation systems that have 
 opened up limitless miles of travel east and 
 west. 
 
 These carrier s\stenis embrace the Xew 
 York Central & Hudson River Railroad — the 
 main line and \\'est Shore — east to New York 
 and west to Buffalo and beyond ; the Delaware 
 & Hudson, north to Lake Champlain and 
 Montreal and south to Binghamton : and the 
 Boston & Maine to Boston and other New 
 England points. These railways, with their 
 widely ramifying affiliated lines, their fre- 
 
 II 
 
quent and efficient passenger service, the 
 adequacy of their equipment and directness of 
 their routes for freight carrying, place Schen- 
 ectady at a distinct advantage in the man- 
 ufacturing world. The present traffic facili- 
 ties will be increased within a measurably 
 short time by the State Barge Canal, now in 
 process of construction. 
 
 Supplementing these means of transporta- 
 tion, electric lines extend east to Troy and 
 Albany, north to Saratoga and Glens Falls, 
 and west to Amsterdam, Johnstown and Glov- 
 ersville. 
 
 — has kept pace, in its service, equipment and 
 trackage, with the growth of the city and the 
 resulting increase in traffic demands. The 
 Schenectady Railway Company, as a matter 
 of fact, has been a principal contributory 
 force in the territorial expansion of the city 
 and has played a conspicuous part in accel- 
 erating the march of progress in population, 
 commerce, manufactures and the conseqvient 
 prosperity of the whole region traversed by 
 its lines. 
 
 The corporation, chartered in 1886, was 
 known as the Schenectady Street Railway 
 
 (Plioto hy White) 
 
 Sihi'iiCitady Railway Company's Waiting Room 
 
 SCHENECTADY RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 Schenectady's street transportation problem 
 may be said to have had its laeginning in 1886, 
 with the granting of the francliise for the 
 operation of a horse car line on State Street. 
 However, this most difficult of public utility 
 problems has never assumed, in Schenectady, 
 so great a degree of complexity as in other 
 cities of rapid development, for the reason 
 that the agency constantly working out its 
 solution — the Schenectady Railway Company 
 
 Company; and under its management electric 
 motive power was installed to supplant the 
 horse-drawn cars, in 1 891. Four years later 
 the franchise and physical properties of the 
 company were acquired by the present organ- 
 ization, and the task of developing the system 
 and improving its service was begun. Stead- 
 ily the lines were extended to reach every part 
 of the city requiring transit facilities. In 
 iQOi the lines to Albany and Troy were placed 
 in operation; in the following year the State 
 
 12 
 

 A lir.rzi'ii ami .Wm i':'in['iiiiy's I'liniili, 
 
 Street tracks were extended across the Mo- 
 hawk River and into Scotia ; in 1904 the road 
 to Ballston S]):i was constructed, and in 1907 
 was completed northward to Saratoga 
 Springs. 
 
 The Schenectady Railway Company now 
 operates yj miles of road, 30 miles of whicli 
 are within the local or city fare limit. Its 
 equipment includes 158 passenger cars of the 
 most modern construction, and 60 service cars 
 for various other uses. The passenger traffic 
 of the system has grown from 1,238.371 pas- 
 sengers carried in 1900 to 25,536,242 in 191 3. 
 
 The company's lines in the city and suhurbs 
 form a unified and comprehensive system, giv- 
 ing the most efficient service and bringing 
 every section — residential, shopping and man- 
 ufacturing — into the closest possible inter- 
 communication. No less satisfactory is the 
 service of its interurban lines. Of these, the 
 Troy and Albany divisions pass through pop- 
 ulous suburban regions, at their eastern ter- 
 minals making direct connections with a net- 
 work of traction lines covering the entire area 
 of the Upper Hudson Valley, as well as with 
 the palatial Hudson River steamers of the 
 several lines running to New Ycjrk and inter- 
 mediate points. 
 
 The route of the Saratoga division is 
 through a storied land of rare scenic beauty 
 and great historic interest. Skirting the shore 
 of Ballston Lake, at the head of which is 
 Forest Park, the road enters Ballston Spa, a 
 
 noted watering place that, in the early nine- 
 teenth century, was the rendezvous of the 
 country's wealth and fashion. Although its 
 springs are today less widely known than 
 formerly, the \illage still claims the admira- 
 tion of the summer visitors for its dignified 
 old homes, its broad, elm-arched streets and 
 the charm of its environment. From Ballston 
 Spa the road continues its northerly course to 
 Saratoga Springs, the acknowledged queen 
 of American spas. With its medicinal springs, 
 annually visited by thousands of health-seek- 
 ers, with the gay social life of its famous 
 hotels and the added crowds that attend the 
 summer racing meet, Saratoga holds first rank 
 among the inland summer resorts of America. 
 At this point the Schenectady Railway Com- 
 pany's line makes connection with the trolley 
 routes reaching Glens Falls, Fort Edw^ard, 
 Lake George, W'arrensburg and various other 
 resorts in the Adirondack mountains. 
 
 When it is added that the Schenectady Rail- 
 way Company connects, in Schenectady, with 
 the Fonda, Johnstow-n and Gloversville elec- 
 tric line, it will be seen that its system gives 
 access to every important locality in the east- 
 ern Mohawk Valley and the capital district of 
 the State. 
 
 The compan\'s office building and waiting 
 room in Schenectady is one of the handsomest 
 and most commodious street railway stations 
 in the United States, representing the latest 
 word in thoughtful provision for the comfort 
 and convenience of travelers. 
 
 13 
 
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 lUiii A. iK'iialitic lUtildi 
 
 FONDA. JOHNSTOWN & GLOVERS- 
 VILLE RAILROAD 
 
 Another important electric line riuming out 
 of Schenectacl}' is the Fonda, Johnstown & 
 (jloversville Railroad, following the Sacan- 
 (laga route to the Adirondacks. This road is 
 splendidlx' equip])ed with fine coaches, and its 
 management is constant in the endeavor to 
 maintain and increase the reputation of the 
 road for efficient and satisfactory service. 
 The line pusses througlit a region famous in 
 history, and links Schenectady with the cities 
 of .\msterdam. Johnstown and (jloversville. 
 
 I'assing out of Schenectady, the road 
 crosses the Mohawk over the Glenville bridge 
 into Scotia, the suburban village settled by 
 Dutch and .Scotch pioneers somewhat earlier 
 than the date of the acquisition of the Schen- 
 ectady flats from the Indians. From this 
 jjoint westward along the Fonda. Johnstown 
 & (jloversville route the grandeur of the 
 scenery of the Mohawk \aHey. with its 
 "P)0w]ands.'' its "Hocks" and graceful sweeps, 
 its encircling hills and nestling islands, forms 
 a pageant of marveloits beauty, enhanced by 
 a wealtli of historic associations. .Speeding 
 westward, liardin's Crossing is reached, near 
 which, in a picturest|ue glen, the battle of 
 Buekendaal was fought in 1741^. between tlte 
 Schenectady militia and the Indians. Fur- 
 ther along the \'alle\-. across tlie lands of 
 Maalwyck. stands Yautapuclaberg. a dome 
 1.3S5 feet high. Another interesting spot is 
 ^\'olf's Hollow, a deep gorge leading back 
 from Hoft'man's into the Glenville hills. It is 
 particularly attractive to the geologist because 
 
 of the remarkable dislocation of the strata of 
 its rock formations. The neighliorhood is also 
 rich in fossils. Continuing westward, the 
 road passes through Amsterdam, noted for its 
 carpet and textile industries and famous as 
 the early home of .^ir \\'illiam Johnson: skirts 
 Tribes Hill, from which is had a sweeping 
 view of the river valley : reaches tlie \illage 
 of Fonda ; swings northward to Johnstown, 
 named for Sir William Johnson, and tlve seat 
 of his vast baronial estate ; and. finally, passes 
 on to Gloversville. From the latter city con- 
 nections are made to stich lieautiful summer 
 resorts as Mountain Lake, .Sacandaga. Xorth- 
 ville and the rugged foothills and deep woods 
 of the Adirondack region. 
 
 BARGE CANAL 
 
 The .'state Barge Canal, now nearing com- 
 pletion, will give -Schenectady a free waterway 
 of ample jjroportions for all modern shipping 
 requirements westward to the Cjreat Lakes 
 and eastward to tlie Hudson Rixer: an addi- 
 tional means of transportation of almost in- 
 calculable value to the industries and com- 
 merce of the city. The mininuuii depth of the 
 canal is 12 feet and its least width, at the 
 Ijottom. is "5 feet. Tlie major part of the 
 system is through rivers and lakes, and in 
 these stretches the average width is 200 feet. 
 "In a general way it may be stated." writes 
 .'^tate Engineer John A. Bensel in a recent re- 
 ]>ort. "that the Harge Canal project is largely 
 a ri\er canalization scheme. Previous State 
 canals have been chiefly independent or ar- 
 tificial channels, built in several instances on 
 
 14 
 
cross-count !")■ locations, Xow. ho\ve\ei". the 
 route returns to the nalur.il watercourses. Tlie 
 bed or valley of the Muhawk is utilized from 
 the Hudson to the old portage at Rome. Then 
 Wood C'reek. ( )neida Lake and ( )neida, Sen- 
 eca and t'l\de l\i\crs are used, carrying the 
 cliannel to the \\c--tern part of the State. 
 where the --t reams rmi north, and the align- 
 ment of the old channel ( l-'.rie Canal) is re- 
 tained fur the new canal." 
 
 The dredging and other wurk along the 
 entire length of the canal, with the construc- 
 tion of the required locks, dams and bridges, 
 lias invohed problems of almost insurmount- 
 able difl'iculty, the successful solution of 
 which has been a not.able triumph of engi- 
 neering skill. 
 
 For the conxenience of shi])pers, terminals. 
 or docks, are located at about fifty towns 
 along the canal route. 'i"he terminal at Schen- 
 ectady is 1. 100 feet in length, and. with a 
 channel or harbor 200 feet wide at this point, 
 will provide facilities for the dockage of 
 barges of 1,30(1 to J.doo tons capacitx'. .\s a 
 comjiliment to, rather than a com])etitor of. 
 the railways, the operati(in of the F!,irge 
 
 Canal will fa\orably effect Schenectady's in- 
 dustries in more ways than by the materially 
 lower freight rates it will afford during a great 
 ]iarl of the \e;ir. ft will prove an .acK'anlageous 
 roiUc for inconn'ng consigniuents of raw ma- 
 terial and fuel, and its utility will be further 
 demonstrated in the added facilities it will 
 gi\e for export shi])ments, inusmucb ;is 
 cargoes for export can be lo;ided on the canal 
 barges at the various manufacturing jil iiits 
 ;in'l. forw.arded by this all-water route direct 
 to .\'e\\ ^■ork. can there be transferred to the 
 ocean steamers without the ex])ense of the 
 intermediate agencies of railway shipntent 
 and lisjhter.aa-e. 
 
 Four hours to Xew 'S'ork. six hours to 
 Huffalo. se\en hours to JJoston, by splendid 
 Tulman tr.ains; a pleasant trolley ride to Al- 
 bany, Trcjy, Saratoga, Lake George, the 
 .\dirontlacks — far-famed pleasure resorts, the 
 ca]jital of the state, the great business and 
 financial centers of the nation — all within e.asy 
 reach of Schenectady. 
 
 Plast.-r Mill 
 
 Office 
 
 ^V^\r 
 
 - *•% 
 
 Stone Mill Intcviiir uf Stone Mill 
 
 Part of the Kellam and Shaffer Cum;<any's Plant 
 
 15 
 
(Photo by irhilf) 
 
 EDUCATIONAL 
 
 Schenectady possesses a splendid educa- 
 tional equipment, both along the lines of the 
 usual public and high school courses and in 
 the varied fields of specialized training. In 
 addition to the public schools there are six 
 parochial and two commercial schools. The 
 city's educational advantages are further en- 
 hanced by Union University. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM 
 
 Schenectady has twenty-three public school 
 buildings, most of which, erected within the 
 last ten years, are of the best present-day 
 types. The total value of school properties 
 is $2,022,143. Tlic Board of Education, 
 after thorough study, has recommended 
 to the city engineer a standard plan 
 of schoolhouse construction that provides for 
 the expansion of the several units by addi- 
 tional wings, to meet future requirements of 
 each neighborhood. The plan also contem- 
 plates rooms for manual training, domestic 
 science, branch libraries, a swimming pool, an 
 open-air -room and a playroom. Recognizing 
 the value of outdoor recreation to school chil- 
 dren, practical consideration has been given, 
 within the past few years, to the physical 
 asjjects of education. Many j)lots have been 
 acquired for school playgrounds and a num- 
 ber of these have been equipped with ajipa- 
 ratus. The work of developing a proper 
 playgroiuid system will be continued until 
 the city's needs in this direction have been 
 fully met. It is worthy of note that the im- 
 portance of inspiring the youth of the com- 
 munity with an intelligent civic ])ride is appre- 
 ciated by the Board of Education and the 
 Superintendent of Schools. With this end 
 in view, attention is given to the teaching of 
 local history and local geograjihy, and the 
 interest of the school children in these sub- 
 jects is greatly stimulated by an annual prize 
 of $100, given by the Board of Trade. 
 
 The High School consists of two buildings, 
 situated in Nott Terrace. The original, or 
 
 High School 
 
 south building, was first occupied in 1903, and 
 the larger, or north building, was completed 
 in 1913. With the opening of the latter, 
 greatly increased facilities for vocational and 
 technical training, advance work in design, 
 illustration, and the like, were afforded. 
 
 Evening school work is carried on in a 
 number of the elementary buildings and also 
 in the High School building. The work in 
 the elementary schools was organized in 1909, 
 and has since been continuously expanded so 
 
 A. K. Pnibcu-hcr. Ph. D. 
 Sul>t. of Schools 
 
 that it now includes reading, writing, spelling, 
 English, arithmetic, geography and history, 
 as well as classes in domestic science and in 
 manual training. Classes in English for 
 foreigners are also maintained. 
 
 The evening High School was organized in 
 1903, and has been conducted since that time 
 with increasing success. Courses are given 
 in all High School branches and in civil serv- 
 ice subjects. The work includes vocational 
 and domestic science training ; and in physics 
 and chemistry advanced classes are provided 
 for men who have had practical experience in 
 the shops of the several manufacturing plants. 
 
 16 
 
■'Soiilh College 
 
 UNION COLLEGE 
 
 \\'hiie the people of Schenectady view with 
 satisfaction the material atisancenient of the 
 city and its high standing among the indus- 
 trial communities of the country, they are 
 especially and justifyably proud of its rank 
 in the educational world, won and maintained 
 by Union College, which for the span of a 
 century has been numbered among the fore- 
 most institutions of higlier education in the 
 western hemisphere. 
 
 From the time of its organization Union's 
 growth has proceeded steadily along the broad 
 lines laid down by its founders. The out- 
 growth of an academy established by the citi- 
 zens of Schenectady in 1785, Union College 
 received its charter in 1795. In a recent ad- 
 dress, speaking of the principles upon which 
 it w'as established. Dr. Charles Alexander 
 Richmond, the present head of the institution, 
 says : 
 
 "There were two distinctive features in the 
 founding of Union College. First, it was the 
 result of a popular movement. The funds 
 were provided by popular subscription ; and, 
 second, it was established upon the broad basis 
 of religious liberty and Christian unity. 
 Union was the first non-sectarian college 
 founded in this country. 
 
 "The non-sectarian college was something 
 new in American education. It is a matter 
 of no small pride that the first college in the 
 Mohawk Valley should sound the note of 
 religiotis liberty which has become the domi- 
 nant note in American education." 
 
 The site for the colleg; was selected by Dr. 
 Eliphalet Nott. president of the institution 
 from 1804 to 1866, and the land was acquired 
 in 1812. The original plans for the buildings 
 and grounds were prepared by the French 
 engineer, Jacques Ramee. The first building 
 erected was that now known as North Col- 
 
 lege, completed in 1814. Tbi^. and the .Snu:h 
 College, built later, conform to the pleasin;.^ 
 architectural simjilicity of the Ramee designs. 
 Under the leadershij) of Dr. Xott. Union's 
 early progress was rapid. By 1825 its student 
 body was numerically greater than that of 
 either Harvard or Yale, and up to the period 
 of the Civil War, with the exception of a few 
 years, it continued to hold the place of honor 
 a^ the country's largest college. It was the 
 tirsi American institution of learning to place 
 its scientific course on an equality with the 
 traditional classic course — a departure from 
 the established order of things regarded, at 
 the time, as revolutionary in the extreme. 
 Union, was also the first college in this coun- 
 try to include a course in civil engineering in 
 its curriculum. 
 
 Cntli'i/r Library and General P.niiinecring Building 
 
 17 
 
(Plwto by While) 
 
 Mc-iiiorial Cale 
 
 'i'lie famous grouiuls and garden of the 
 college, so harmoniously in keeping with the 
 architectural features of its older buildings, 
 are deserxing of mention. In the develop- 
 ment of the grounds Dr. Xott took a great 
 interest. L'nder his direction were planted 
 many of the trees — rows of stately elms, black- 
 walnuts, honey locusts — that border the paths 
 and drives and shade its grassy acres. In 
 the college garden there towers an ancient 
 elm, which, although its sapling days antedate 
 by several centuries the founding of the col- 
 lege, has long been known as the Xott Elm. 
 
 Dr. Charles Alexander Richmond 
 President of Union Colleye 
 
 L'nder this \enerable survixor of the forest 
 jjrimeval the annual class day exercises are 
 held, and it '"occupies a revered place in the 
 college traditions." The garden in which this 
 elm stands is one of the most attractive spots 
 in the college grounds. Writing of it, Mr. 
 Samuel Parsons, the noted landscape gard- 
 ener. sa\^s : 
 
 "Since my visit to Union College, the one 
 memor)- that persistently stays with me is the 
 quaint old garden ; it had so much of the 
 character of a natural, secluded but charming 
 nook in the woods. It was human, too, and 
 very American. No pretense ; just a few old- 
 fashioned shrubs with wild flowers at their 
 feet, little stretches of turf and an unpretend- 
 ing brook running through it out into the little 
 xalley. lying like an amphitheatre with grand 
 old elms oxerarching. How fine a combina- 
 tion I I confess I like it better than the old 
 garden at Xew College, O.xford. I have seen 
 this garden at Xew College. Oxford, and it is 
 certainly lovely, but I prefer such an Ameri- 
 can garden as the one at Union College." 
 
 Under Dr. Richmond, president of Union 
 during the jjast si.x years, the college has 
 entered upon a period of healthy expansion. 
 The present year has opened moi^e auspi- 
 ciously, probably, than any previous year in 
 its history. The freshman class numbers 
 more students than did the whole college 
 eleven years ago. The enrollment of 475 stu- 
 dents, as com])ared with ijt, in 1908, shows a 
 significant gain — and this in spite of higher 
 requirements for admission. Moreover, the 
 regular income has increased in the past 
 decade from 828,000 in 1904 to $132,000 in 
 1914. ^^'hile still maintaing the usual clas- 
 
 18 
 
H,\id of C i/.v 
 
 of Ucailh 
 
 liKscfh If C Icwcnis 
 innifiMoiici iif t'ulAic W 
 
 inillaiii H. I.andrclh 
 ti'/v liiKjiht-rr 
 
 sical and scieiitihc courses in all tlicir thor- 
 oughness, its electrical engineering course has 
 become an important feature of its work. 
 Union's department of electrical science offers 
 courses superior to any given in other insti- 
 tutions. It now has graduate students rep- 
 resenting Princeton, Cornell. Rochester. Le- 
 high, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 
 Pratt Institute, the Inijierial College of 
 Shanghai, C'hina, the Royal University of 
 Stockholm, the University of Madras, India, 
 besides many Union graduates. 
 
 Concerning the aims and accomplishment 
 of the college. Dr. Richmond, in the address 
 previously quoted, says : 
 
 "The big university, the post-graduate 
 school, the educational experimental station, 
 are products of this age. They have their 
 uses, and uses most valuable, but they do niit 
 and cannot do the work which colleges such 
 as Union are doing. Greatness is not to be 
 measured bv size. Judged by any true stan- 
 dard. Union may justly be called great. The 
 influence it has exerted upon the educational, 
 political and religious life of this state and of 
 the country is hardly to be measured. 
 
 "For three-quarters of a centur_v Union 
 College was the goal of the ambitious boys of 
 the farms and village homes of northern and 
 western Xew York, and there they were 
 trained for service : some of them for great 
 service. In the class of 1800 was Gerrit Y. 
 Lansing, for many years Albany's represen- 
 tative in Congress. In 1806 there was John 
 C. Spencer. Secretary of War and of the 
 Treasury. In 1S07 was Joseph C. Yates. 
 Governor of Xew York. In 1S09 was Gideon 
 Hawley. the father of the public schools of 
 this State. In 1810 was John Howard Payne. 
 ?mthor oi Home, Siveet Home. Between 1815 
 and 1 819 there were four boys sent out from 
 Union who became United States Senators. 
 In the same class was Breckenridge. of Ken- 
 tuckv ; Alonzo Potter, Bislio]) of Pennsyl- 
 
 ^•ania, and (Jeorge Washington Doane. Bishop 
 of Xew Jersey. The class of 1820 sent out 
 Laurens B. llickock. afterwards president of 
 Union : Taylor Lewis, the greatest classical 
 scholar of his time in America : William Kent, 
 the distinguished jurist, and William IL 
 Seward. Lincoln's Secretary of State. Then 
 came such men as Preston King. United 
 States Senator; Ward Hunt, Justice of the 
 United States Suijreme Court : John Bigelow, 
 Minister to France; Robert Toombs. Secre- 
 tarv of State for the Confederacy; General 
 Halleck : Chester A. Arthur, President of the 
 United States ; (lovernors of Georgia, Wis- 
 consin, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, New 
 York-, Massachusetts, Wyoming; Senators, 
 Meml)ers of the Cabinet. Foreign Ministers, 
 Justices and Representatives. 
 
 "In the field of education, there are colleges 
 in every part of the country that owe their 
 success, if not their very existence, to the 
 colleges of the Mohawk \'alley. Especially 
 is this true of Union. C)ut through this val- 
 lev, as through a gateway, went the pioneers 
 of education into newer conununities. and 
 wherever thev went they made their mark 
 upon the intellectual life of the place." 
 
 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS 
 
 The parochial schools of Schenectady are 
 an important part of the educational system 
 of the city. They are six in number, four 
 Catholic and two German Protestant schools, 
 as follows : Deutsch Evangelische Friendens 
 Kirche. St. Adelbert's School. St. John's 
 School. St. Joseph's Academ\'. St. Mary's 
 School and Church Parochial ScIkioI. 
 
 SCHENECTADY BUSINESS SCHOOL 
 
 The Schenectady Business School was es- 
 tablished in 1897 by Mr. \\'. F. Fitzgerald, 
 C. S. R., and is now. therefore, in its 
 eighteenth year of successful work. It is 
 conducted unrler the personal supervision of 
 
 19 
 
Mr. Fitzgeralil, wliosc long- experience and 
 ])ractical knowledge in all branches of business 
 instruction have jieculiarly titted him for the 
 rcsponsilile ])()sition of princi])al of such an 
 institution. Mr. Fitzgerald is one of the best 
 known c-xperl court, convention and general 
 stenogra])hers and experienced business teach- 
 ers in the State. He holds the degree of 
 certified shorthand reporter from the State 
 1-lducational 1 )epartment. 
 
 The faculty of the school, in addition to the 
 jjrincipal, includes a competent and experi- 
 enced chief instructor in all departments, 
 which include full commercial and shorthand 
 courses. 
 
 Schenectady Business School 
 
 In order to provide suitable (|uurters for 
 the ra|)idlv-growing enrollment of this school, 
 Mr. h'itzgerald has constructed a building 
 suited to the requirements of a modern bus- 
 iness school. The rooms are light, well-ven- 
 tilated aufl arranged for efficiency in securing 
 results. The whole of the second floor is 
 devoted to the use of the school. 
 
 The entire furnishings and equipment of the 
 school are new and thoroughly modern. In- 
 dividual adjustable steel desks are installed, 
 and thirty new typewriters and typewriter 
 tables ha\e been added. The model office 
 contains filing cabinets, multigraph and dictat- 
 ing machines. 
 
 sri';i\CKirs uusiivess schooi, 
 
 Under the principalship of Mr. C. C. 
 Guyott, Spencer's Business School has gained 
 a prominent place in the realm of commercial 
 instruction in Schenectady. Its courses em- 
 brace the usual branches of business training 
 - — shorthand, hookkeeping, commercial law 
 and related subjects. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS 
 
 Schenectady's daily newspapers measure up 
 to the highest standards of present-day jour- 
 nalism. The Schenectady Ga::cttc is the 
 morning daily. .\bly edited and thorough and 
 accurate in its news presentation, it has 
 achieved a solid reputation as a paper of dis- 
 tinctive individuality, impartial in reflecting 
 and analyzing current events and o])inion. 
 The city's evening newspaper is the Schenec- 
 tady Union-Star. Its alert and enterprising 
 management has been successful iti keeping 
 its columns bright and teeming-full with all 
 the news of each day's happenings, told in 
 concise, reliable form, ^^'ith several after- 
 noon editions it comprehensively covers the 
 local and general news fields. The Knicker- 
 bocker-Press,- one of Albany's leading news- 
 papers, maintains a Schenectady office and 
 issues a Schenectady edition daily and Sun- 
 days. It has a large circulation in the city 
 and the entire capital district, and has become 
 an established factor in the newspaper life of 
 Schenectady. There are also a number of 
 weekly journals, j;ubli.'-.hed in the interests of 
 various organizations, and others for foreign- 
 speaking residents. 
 
 RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS 
 
 Schenectady has something over sixty 
 churches and places of worship. Owing to 
 the cosmopolitan character of the population, 
 these represent a great variety of religious 
 belief. Many of the churches are imposing 
 structures of striking architectural beauty. 
 
 With a membership of 2,000, the Schenec- 
 tady Y. M. C. A. is a palpable force for good 
 in the city. The association's building in 
 lower State Street is equipped with all modern 
 athletic apparatus, reading rooms, a restau- 
 rant, and other features, making it an ideal 
 clul) and place of recreation for the hundreds 
 of young men employed in the various large 
 maiuifacturing plants. Within the past year 
 improvements in the interior arrangements of 
 the building have been in progress, costing in 
 the neighborhood of $25,000. These include 
 
 Old Ladies' Home 
 
 20 
 
St. Ccoiyc rrolcsiaiil /;>/.(.,./•.;/ Chuvch 
 
 I'lr.! i^,-l.,n,u-d i'hiirJ, 
 
 First Presbyterian Church 
 
 St. John's Roman Catholic Church 
 
 21 
 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church 
 

 ., ,•, .a 
 
 i l9,n 
 
 » t-^ 
 
 
 .■ffi, ' 
 
 
 rTFWXt^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 il.ij 
 
 ^, A " 
 
 rtMin-Jft 
 
 ^DQERhSbt 
 
 Bp '> -.'•--'• ^ '• - ■ '^ ■"^- • w^iis* *.'iT"^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rP/K./f. by llliitc) 
 
 Ellis Hosl'ital 
 
 a swimming ijool. bowling alleys and the en- 
 largement of the gymnasium. 
 
 A little further along State Street the build- 
 ing of the Y. W. C. A. opens its ever-hos- 
 pitable doors. Home-like and restful in its 
 outward aspect and comfortable in its ap- 
 pointments, it offers a pleasant family life 
 to both occasional and permanent lodgers. 
 Attention is given to physical training ; and 
 night classes in various branches, such as 
 German, elocution and dressmaking, are 
 maintained. A movement to equip the build- 
 ing with a swimming pool is now under way 
 and funds needful for tlie purpose have been 
 assured. 
 
 The W. C. T. U. also owns its building, and 
 in its home convalescent women, or those 
 seeking employment, or for other reasons 
 needing shelter, are cared for without charge. 
 In many other directions the organization 
 exerts an uplifting moral influence. 
 
 ELLIS HOSPITAL 
 
 On the heights of the northern section of 
 the city, and surroimded by broad, sweeping 
 lawns that slojie gently to the Boulevards, 
 stands Ellis Hospital. This institution, which 
 represents, in its aims and accomplishments, 
 the humane aspirations of two generations of 
 the best elements of Schenectady's citizenship, 
 is the outgrowth of a movement started in 
 18S5 to proxide the city with a public dis- 
 pensary. A bequest of the late Charles G. 
 Ellis, in tiie sum of $25,000, together with a 
 number of minor contributions, made possible 
 the erection of a hospital building (the struc- 
 ture now used as an annex to the City Hall), 
 the equipment and furnishings for which were 
 given by the General Electric Company and 
 the American Locomotive Company. The 
 new hospital was opened in 1893. An en- 
 
 dowment of $25,000 provided for in the will 
 of Dr. Robert Fuller formed the nucleus of 
 a maintenance fund which has since lieen aug- 
 mented from year to year by many other 
 voluntary gifts and bequests ; and especially 
 in recent years by the efforts of the Women's 
 Auxiliary organization. In consequence of 
 the rapid growth of the city, the necessity for 
 larger quarters lieccoming imperative, the pres- 
 ent site was purchased in 1903, and work be- 
 gun on a new building, which, when completed 
 in 1906. gave the city one of the most com- 
 pletely equipped as well as one of the largest 
 hospitals in the State of New York. In 191 3 
 
 Gcrardus Smith 
 
 President of Ellis Hospital. The Daily 
 
 Gazette Coiitpaiiy and Sehenectady 
 
 Trust Company 
 
 22 
 
Mercy Hospital 
 
 3. fund was raised Ijy pojjular subscription to 
 build an additional wing to the hospital. This 
 addition, now conijileted. is a 40 x 134 foot 
 structure, three stories high, and provided 
 with a sheltered roof-garden for convales- 
 cents. The improvement, with an addition 
 to the \\ hitmore Home and School for 
 Nurses, maintained on the hospital grounds, 
 cost in the neighborhood of .$75,000. 
 
 MERCY HOSPITAL 
 
 Serving no less useful imrpose is Mercy 
 Hospital, situated in the heart of the city. 
 Organized in 1907, it was known during the 
 
 earlier vears of its dexelnpnient as the Phy- 
 sicians llosi)ital. Later its work was carried 
 on for a time Ijy the Sisters of Alercy. Li 
 1913. however, the Mercy Hospital Society 
 was incorporated and the service of the in- 
 stitution has since been conducted by this or- 
 ganization, under the State laws governing 
 charitable institutions. A considerable per- 
 centage of Mercy Llospital's work is of a 
 purely charitable character, while a still larger 
 proportion may be classified as semi-chari- 
 table, inasmuch as service is extended to per- 
 sons of limited means at a merely nominal 
 rate. 
 
 Glenridge Sanitorium 
 
 The Covenwr Yates House in I.uwcr Union Street 
 Built in IT35 
 
 23 
 
(Pholo by White) 
 
 Home of James F. Hooker — Ai'on Road 
 
 Home tij li'euri/e W. I'dii rraiikcn- i'liinn Ai'ciiue 
 
 24 
 
■■3»HW Jut -W 
 
 i^ 
 
 Home of Geo gc I'.. liniiiidiix — i'nimi Ai'riiiic Home of Willis T. Hanson — Union Street 
 
 Hume of John I'. Hn, man— Wendell Avenue 
 
 Home of Josej^h A. l-iila -L ni ni ttii.t 
 
 Home of Dr. Chas. C. Duryee — Union Street 
 
 25 
 
Crescent Park 
 
 PARKS 
 
 In common with man_v other American 
 cities, Schenectady has been hite in making a 
 start in the work of establishing a system of 
 parks. It has suffered less than most cities 
 by the delay, however, inasmuch as no loss 
 of available park lands, desirably situated and 
 easy of development, has resulted. Up to the 
 present time the imperative need of parks has 
 scarcely been felt. The city has practically 
 no extended districts of population conges- 
 tion and no slums. Most of the residential 
 streets are broad thoroughfares, bordered with 
 shade trees, and in some instances decoratively 
 parked. In the downtown section. Crescent 
 Park, a large, well-kept oval, affords a rest- 
 ful open space, only a step distant from State 
 Street's busiest blocks. Situated on slightly 
 ascending ground, its lofty elms are visi- 
 ble through the whole extent of the shopping 
 district. The various lines of the city and 
 interurban trolleys converge toward, or circle 
 around, this oval, which, because of its central 
 location, always presents a scene of great 
 animation. Light and air, the first requisites 
 of healthful living conditions, have not. so far, 
 been wanting in Schenectady. Furthermore, 
 within the city limits and convenient of ac- 
 cess, there are a number of natural parks 
 open to the public. Tliese several extensive 
 areas, with their fields of greensward, pine- 
 crowned knolls and woodsy dells, stand in- 
 vitingly ready for the skill of the engineer 
 and landscape gardener to transform them 
 into beautiful pleasure grounds. 
 
 Steps have already been taken looking to 
 the development of portions of these natural 
 parks. An appropriation of $60,000 has been 
 made and is available for the initial expense 
 of the work now imder way. Three tracts 
 have been acquired by the city. The largest 
 of these, consisting of 140 acres, lying east of 
 McCIellan Street and south of Eastern Ave- 
 nue, is admirably adapted for park purposes. 
 Its gently rolling, terraced hills are covered 
 with a growth of pine, and in the depressions 
 
 maples, oaks and birches are found. Through 
 the whole extent of the park lands winding 
 woodland paths lead the stroller among scenes 
 of exquisite natural beauty. The second of 
 the tracts acquired is 60 acres in area, and is 
 situated in the picturesque glen known as 
 Cotton Factory Hollow, the steep slopes of 
 which are heavily wooded. Between these 
 slopes flows the little stream forming the out- 
 let of Brandywine Lake. The third plot is a 
 river-edge strip of land of three and one-half 
 acres, lying between Ingersoll Avenue and 
 tlie Scotia Bridge, having a most pleasing 
 outlook upon the Mohawk River and com- 
 manding a sweeping \iew of the green hills 
 beyond. \\"heu improved it will form an 
 attractive recreation ground for those inter- 
 ested in acquatic sports. 
 
 Other needed improvements now engaging 
 the attention of the public are the widening 
 of important cross-town streets, such as La- 
 fayette and Jay Streets, and the extension of 
 the latter beyond State to Smith Street. The 
 width — or, rather, narrowness — of these 
 thoroughfares was determined long before 
 the city's business and street traffic had 
 reached their present proportions. The ex- 
 [jansion of the retail district transformed Jay 
 Street into a business street some yenrs ago. 
 With the growth of business the merchants 
 are now feeling the hampering effect of the 
 traffic congestion and lack of ready access, 
 due to the limited width between curbs and 
 the narrowness of the sidewalks. The solu- 
 tion of this problem is strongly urged for the 
 consideration and action of the city authorities. 
 
 HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 
 
 Although Schenectady is essentially a city 
 of homes and homelife, hotel accommodations 
 and places of transient sojourn are by no 
 means lacking. Excellent hotels, bachelor 
 
 Comfort Station and Band Stand, 
 Crescent Park 
 
 26 
 
apartments, comfortable boarding-houses and 
 a great variety of restaurants and cafes are 
 available in and near the central business sec- 
 tion of the city. Located nearest to the New 
 York Central passenger station is The Edison, 
 a hotel with equipment that includes every 
 modern conxenience. with superior cuisine and 
 obliging service. It is provided with several 
 large, well-lighted sample rooms for the use 
 of commercial travelers. The Mohawk Hotel, 
 in South Centre Street, near State, has long 
 been known for the exceptional comfort and 
 the up-to-date character of its appointments. 
 It is now in process of being greatlv enlarged. 
 and when the improvements have been com- 
 pleted the Mohawk will be more than double 
 its present size. The New Vendome, con- 
 veniently located on State Street, near the 
 railway stations, always enjoys a full share 
 of the patronage of the traveling public. The 
 Hotel Foster is a residence hotel, situated 
 near Crescent Park. Glenn's, also on State 
 Street, is Schenectady's restaurant de luxe. 
 It is noted for its a la carte dinner service, 
 and is a favorite resort of refinement and 
 charm for after-theatre suppers. Thalman's, 
 near Crescent Park, is an especially attractive 
 place, much in vogue for daintily-served 
 luncheons, afternoon teas, special dinners, and 
 light refreshments. There are also The 
 
 Crown. .St. Clair. Wilson, and many other 
 smaller hotels, grill-rooms and restaurants 
 catering to the tastes of all classes of patrons. 
 
 Hotel I'cndome 
 
 27 
 
Miisoiic Tcml'lc— Church Strecl 
 
 CLUBDOM 
 
 Schenectady's club life is represented by a 
 number of social and athletic organizations. 
 The oldest and most important of these is the 
 Alohawk Club, whose home is the spacious and 
 dignified mansion at Church and Union 
 Streets. The club has a large membership. 
 composed of business and professional men 
 of social prominence. The city's foremost or- 
 ganization in the field of outdoor sports is the 
 Mohawk Golf Club. On its grounds — a tract 
 of 169 acres — it maintains a handsome club- 
 house, and, in addition to the golf links, has 
 tennis courts, shooting traps and equipment for 
 winter s])orts, such as curling, ice skating and 
 tobogganing. Among the leading clubs and 
 associations in addition to the foregoing are 
 the .\del])hi Country Club, the Schenectady 
 lioat Club, Edison Club, Locomotive Club. 
 Mohawk Power Boat Club, Northern New 
 York Club, Woman's Club, Schenectady 
 Automobile Club, and the Schenectady County 
 Fish and Game Protective Association. 
 
 Other of the city's notable societies are the 
 Academy of Medicine, the Schenectady Bar 
 Association and the Schenectady County His- 
 torical Society. 
 
 In the realm of fraternal and beneficial or- 
 ganizations, practically all of the well known 
 national orders or lodges have their local units 
 in Sclienectady, active in their se\ eral spheres 
 of usefulness. 
 
 THEATRES 
 
 The ])laygoer of Schenectady has oppor- 
 tunitv to see a \aried range of the best plays 
 of each season. 'i"he \'an Curler is the lead- 
 ing theatre of the city, and its ofiferings in- 
 clude the most successful productions in 
 ilrania. comedy and light opera, presented by 
 full casts and stars who have won popular 
 fa\()r in long metropolitan engagements. 
 Proctor's is a new house of admirable con- 
 struction and large seating capacity, showing 
 daily vaudeville bills of the highest character. 
 The Mohawk, formerly the home of burlesque, 
 is oi)en to various attractions. Other than these 
 there are a great number of smaller houses 
 de\oted to the omnipresent "movies." In all 
 of the theatres the city fire regulations, safe- 
 guarding the lives of [latrons, are stringently 
 enforced. 
 
 CONVENTIONS 
 
 Concerning the advantages to be derived 
 from having the conventions of various organ- 
 izations held in the cit}-, Secretary Raymond, 
 (jf the Board of Trade, says, in his current 
 annual report : 
 
 "The more conventions we can have, the 
 better. Nothing advertises the city more 
 effectively than to have numbers of people 
 with us from every section of the state. 
 -Schenectady, noted for its hospitality, is al- 
 ways glad to welcome delegates and societies." 
 
 In the summer of 1914 Schenectady's claim 
 to be considered a "convention city" was es- 
 tablished by the unqualified success achieved 
 in entertaining the delegates and visitors to 
 three notable gatherings. These were the 
 Annual Encampment of the New York United 
 .Spanish War Veterans, the New York State 
 annual convention of the Knights of Colum- 
 bus, and the convention of the New York 
 .State Federation of Labor. 
 
 Mohaivk Coif Club 
 
 28 
 
REAL ESTATE 
 
 AiiKini; all classes hunie-t)\vning has become 
 a hahit in Schenectady. A large proportirin 
 of the workmen employed in the city own their 
 homes. Following almost any street or a\'c- 
 nue to the city limits, block after block of 
 well-built, comfortable homes are to be seen, 
 each surrounded by its neatly trimmed lawn, 
 ornamental shrubs and shade trees — the un- 
 mistakable "outward visible sign" of the pride 
 of ownership. All the outlying districts are 
 easily accessible by trolley, and in many of 
 these sections even the unskilled workman 
 can, with reasonable thrift, become the owner 
 of a house with a lot large enough for a bit of 
 garden. With wages of both skilled and un- 
 skilled labor higher, on the average, than in 
 other manufacturing centers, and with general 
 living conditions more favorable, there is a 
 constantlv growing tendencv among the wase- 
 
 iii'us n.ii! 
 
 earners of Schenectady to regard the city as 
 their permanent home. Apart from the ad- 
 \antageous industrial and living conditions, 
 an a(l(liti(jnal incentixe to home building is 
 found in the natural attractiveness of location. 
 Few cities of its size have so great a number 
 of beautiful residences, placed in so charming 
 an environment. These homes, with their 
 extensive grounds, give to the portions of the 
 city in which they are situated the appearance 
 of exclusive residential parks. The beauty 
 spots have, however, by no means been pre- 
 empted by the wealthy citizens alone ; in every 
 residential section there are well-paved, tree- 
 shaded streets available for those of moderate 
 means. 
 
 Real estate conditions in Schenectady are 
 sound. There has been no speculative infla- 
 tion of values, and the advance has been based 
 
 Cliarh-s G. M.Doiuild 
 Grand Knight, Kniylits of Cohnnbits, Counril 201; 
 Manager of the Van Curler Theatre 
 
 29 
 
 Robert Glenn, Jr. 
 Proprietor of Glenn's Restaurant 
 
Union Street, Above Brandy'c'.'ine 
 
 upon the solid foundation of the steadily-in- 
 creasing industrial and commercial develop- 
 ment of the cit). Real estate investments 
 have, therefore, proved safe and profitable ; 
 and as the industrial and commercial activi- 
 ties now. as heretofore, are on the upward 
 trend, and as the increase in population is 
 certain to continue, there is hardly a remote 
 possibility of any halt in the city's expansion. 
 
 While there has been no great movement 
 toward the multiple dwelling in the strictly 
 residential portions of the city, the two-family 
 house has found favor with the home-buyer 
 who seeks to lessen the carrying costs of his 
 investment by renting a part of his dwelling. 
 There has also been marked activity in the 
 past few years in the building of detached 
 single-family houses. 
 
 The tendency toward home-owning has been 
 fostered by the operations of several land de- 
 velopment companies, that, by their improve- 
 ments, have paved the way for the building 
 up of a number of the most desirable sections 
 of Schenectady. Among the building tracts 
 now under improvement may be named the 
 development of W. Garner Bee, known as the 
 Boulevard Home Sites, on the northeastern 
 border of the city. Occupying high ground 
 in near proximity to a most exclusive boule- 
 vard section, this development has every ad- 
 vantage of altitude, excellent drainage, beau- 
 tiful surroundings and ease of access. Homes 
 of a modest artistic character and others on 
 more pretensious plans have been built, while 
 
 The Pouleviirds 
 
 man\- more are planned for erection in the 
 near future. Other extensive plots, the de- 
 velopment of which has been a factor in de- 
 termining the trend of the city's expansion, 
 are those of the Chadwick-AIcDonald Realty 
 Company. One of these is adjacent to the 
 newly-acquired park on McClellan St., near 
 Eastern Avenue. This tract has all city im- 
 provements ; its broad streets are being beau- 
 tifully parked, and it has. therefore, taken on 
 definite character as an attractive, restricted 
 residential neighborhood. A suburban de- 
 velopment of this company, known as Wood- 
 lawn, is situated on the Albany line of the 
 Schenectady Railway Company. On this plot, 
 which is over 200 acres in extent, sixty dwell- 
 ings have been built. In many other direc- 
 tions the city is pushing otit along the trolley 
 lines and automobile roads into its pleasant 
 suburban zone. 
 
 There has been considerable activity within 
 recent years in the btiilding of attractive 
 a])artment houses in the central portion of the 
 city. These structures are all of modern 
 tvjies, meeting, in their arrangement and 
 equipment, every reqtiirement of families pre- 
 ferring this mode of life. The growing de- 
 mand in this direction is being met by the 
 erection of additional apartment houses each 
 year. Rentals are exceedingly low, considered 
 in relation to the values given. 
 
 The city has also entered upon a period of 
 modern construction in office and business 
 buildings. 
 
 Bouh-circt Home Sites 
 30 
 
Piosfrclirr 
 
 THE GREAT WESTERN GATEWAY 
 
 (Means a boulevard bridge from tbe highlands of 
 Schenectady to the highlands of Glenville — one 
 which will place the tide of travel forever above 
 the Mohawk floods and which will eliminate the 
 intolerable conditions that past generations have 
 been forced to endure — a bridge befitting and be- 
 coming the historic and commercial importance of 
 the State of New York.) 
 
 It is peculiarly appropriate that the readers 
 of this book, descriptive of the Electric City, 
 should glance for a few minutes at a short 
 synopsis of the movement that has taken the 
 name that the Indians had in mind when they 
 called the locality on which the Electric City 
 now stands, Schenectady — The Gateway. 
 
 Indian names were always significent and 
 full of meaning. By the tribes that lived here 
 200 years ago this s[)Ot was always termed 
 The Gateway — the only opening at water level 
 in the great Appalachian range of mountains 
 for hundreds of miles. That is what the word 
 Schenectady means, and what it is — The Gate- 
 way between the east and the west. 
 
 For over 100 years the only means of en- 
 trance or of egress at Schenectady has been 
 the old Scotia bridge, so named because it is 
 now owned by the village of that name, which 
 the bridge connects with Schenectady by 
 means of a narrow dyke one-half mile in 
 length. Built in 1806. it was then considered 
 a marvel of workmanship. It has been built 
 three times within the last forty years, though 
 today, after 108 years of service, the old stone 
 abutments laid in 1806 are still in use. 
 
 During the first seventy-five years of the 
 history of this section the old bridge ans- 
 wered every demand. Schenectady was a 
 finished product, an old Dutch town, the joke 
 of newspaper paragraphers. Scotia was a 
 rambling little hamlet, and nothing more; and 
 the farmers of Glenville drove their fat, lazy 
 horses across the bridge to market and bore 
 uncomplainingly the annual floods that year 
 after year swept everything before them. 
 
 In 1882 there came a change. The Edison 
 General Electric Company began operations 
 in two small shops, out of which has grown 
 the present great plant of the General Electric 
 Company that is known by its products all 
 over the civilized world. By 1890 the pop- 
 ulation of Schenectady was a scant 20,000, 
 but the growth of the next decade doubled 
 the population, and the old Dutch village 
 emerged from its chrysalis state into the most 
 rapidly growing city in the state. 
 
 The city grew, as did the village of Scotia. 
 Today Schenectady and its suburbs form a 
 metropolis of 105,000 people. The tide of 
 traflic across the old bridge doubled, quad- 
 rupled, and then doubled again. With the 
 birth of the automobile the demands on the 
 bridge grew by leaps and bounds. In 1901 
 trolley tracks were laid across the old abut- 
 ments, and today not only do the cars of the 
 Schenectady Railway Company use the bridge, 
 Init the great, modern interurban cars of the 
 Fonda, Johnstown and Gloversville Railway 
 add to tlie density of the trafiic. The old struc- 
 
 31 
 
lure was not strong enough to meet the de- 
 mands of modern traffic, as it had already been 
 restricted to loads of four tons, and a new 
 superstructure was necessary to carry this 
 greater weight of these two widely-used in- 
 terurban lines. 
 
 There are two great projects that are linked 
 together in the minds of the residents of New 
 York State. < )ne of these is the Barge Canal, 
 now rapidly nearing completion, which, when 
 finished, will revolutionize commerce through 
 the low water rates that will be possible, 
 added to the fast freight service which is al- 
 ready provided for. The second is the Deeper 
 Hudson project, which embodies the deepen- 
 ing of the Hudson River from New York to 
 the head of naxigation for large boats, a plan 
 that has alreay received the endorsement and 
 support of the best United States' engineers, 
 and which, it is believed, will be an accom- 
 plished fact within the next few years. 
 
 There has been located in Schenectady by 
 the state engineers what will be one of the 
 largest Barge Canal terminals in the state. 
 This will of necessity make Schenectady one 
 of the most important ports in the entire state, 
 for, according to the Barge Canal statisticians, 
 Schenectady will rank next to the city of 
 Buffalo in the amount of tonnage and in the 
 value of the products which she will ship 
 over the Barge Canal. Inseparably linked 
 with the Barge Canal and Deeper Hudson 
 projects is the plan for the Great Western 
 Gateway bridge across the Mohawk at Schen- 
 ectady. It is proposed to erect a structure 
 running from the foot of lower State Street, 
 Schenectady, across the islands in the Mohawk 
 River, crossing the Barge Canal and Barge 
 Canal terminals, the Mohawk River and over 
 to the highlands of Scotia, a bridge that will 
 forever lift the tide of travel above the flood 
 conditions which mark every recurring spring, 
 and which will forever eliminate any inter- 
 ruption of traffic in this end of the Mohawk 
 X'alley. 
 
 This bridge will do more than that — it will 
 open up to tiie entire Mohawk \'alley a hither- 
 to undeveloped avenue of commerce that will 
 bring the merchants, the manufacturers and 
 the farmers for fifty miles up the valley with- 
 in easy trucking distance of Schenectady and 
 the splendid shipping facilities that will then 
 mark this city. The thousand's of farmers 
 in eastern New York will find that they have 
 a ready market for their produce in Schen- 
 ectady; they can take advantage of the cheap 
 water rates and put their butter, eggs and 
 produce on a fast freight truck today with the 
 knowledge that it will be on sale in New York 
 the next morning. Scores of merchants are 
 already availing themselves of this quick 
 method of shipping freight, and with the 
 new bridge spanning the Mohawk River, it 
 will open up new markets and new posibilities 
 in the line of agricultural and business de- 
 velopment hitherto undreamed of. 
 
 Tlie value to any community of a bridge 
 connecting different sections and making 
 transportation and the shipping of products 
 easy of accomplishment, cannot be over-esti- 
 
 mated. The city of New York has spent 
 millions of dollars in conecting Manhattan 
 Island with Brooklyn and New Jersey. The 
 numerous bridges, and these together with the 
 Hudson River tubes, have been responsible 
 for the marvelous development that has 
 marked the last decade in New York's history. 
 Eliminate these bridges and New York be- 
 comes an island, only to be reached by ferries 
 or by steam train. At this time a plan is 
 being considered to build a bridge from the 
 upper portion of New York across to New 
 Jersey at a cost of about $30,000,000, which 
 will be borne by both states. These facts 
 give some slight idea of the commercial and 
 industrial value which these structures have. 
 It is for this that Schenectady is planning 
 this great structure. She is looking to the 
 future, and the ne.xt decade will see .Schenec- 
 tady a metropolis of 125.000 people. Judg- 
 ing the future by the past, if the marvels that 
 Schenectady has shown during the last twenty 
 years shall continue for the next two decades, 
 Schenectady will have a jjopulation in 1934 
 of very nearly Joo,000 people. This bridge 
 
 Scotia Bridije 
 
 is planned not for the next twenty years, but 
 for the ne.xt 100 years. It will stand at the 
 entrance of the Alohawk Valley, as it will 
 stand at the entrance of the Electric City, a 
 beautiful structure, typifying the progress that 
 has lifted Schenectady out of the sleep of 200 
 vears into the most marvelous commercial and 
 industrial development of any city in the 
 entire state. 
 
 The traveler in Europe notices among the 
 first objects of interest the beautiful bridges 
 which have been scattered with a lavish hand 
 all over the continent, bridges that have cost 
 millions of dollars, 1)Ut which have more than 
 repaid the initial cost by the rapid develop- 
 ment of the great arteries of commerce hither- 
 to unexplored to which they lead. They thus 
 serve a double purpose, serving not only to 
 develop sections which they connect and bind 
 together, but they are the delight of architects 
 and artists all over the world. 
 
 We believe that within the next few years 
 the traveler who enters the Mohawk Valley 
 from the east will find as he leaves Schenec- 
 
 32 
 
tadv a ln.'aulilul liri(lj;c, thai will be a luoiui- 
 iiK-iU Id till.' progress of the city; which will 
 si.T\ f as an unlraiK-c across the Mohawk 
 KixcT iiiln iIk' hcauliful Mohawk X'allev, rich 
 in historic incniorics. hill richer still in ihc 
 enthusiasm of iieople who, by industry ami 
 progress, have made this section one of the 
 most important commercial and industrial 
 sections of the entire state. 
 
 11 11:1 DEEPER HUDSON 
 
 With the completion of the State Barge 
 Canal now in sight, Schenectady business men 
 are taking a keen interest in the Deeiier Mud- 
 son project, and may be counted upon to give 
 their liearty support to this movement, which 
 is of \ery great importance to the city's man- 
 ufacturing and shipping interests. 
 
 Jawcs C. McDonald 
 Coiiiiiiissioiicr, Board of Claims 
 
 Attirnev L. 
 
 King 
 
 Henry S. l>c l-or.:^l 
 Former Congresstnan 
 
 James H. Callanan 
 Pres. Schenectady Union Pub. Co. 
 
 33 
 

 
 The Mynderse; A. L. Stevens, Prop. 
 
 The Seneca; A. L. Stevens, Prop. 
 
 34 
 
The IllKiiiiiKiHiin BuiUling— Offices of the Schenectady lUuminjtiiin C,:. aiiJ the }L>lui:ek (lax C 
 
 The Livingston: A. L. Stevens, Prop. 
 
 Bachelors Hall; A. L. Stevens, Prof. 
 
 35 
 
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL 
 
 Genera! Electric Coml^aiiy's Plant 
 
 No. 
 
 THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY 
 
 It was in 1892 that the Edison General 
 Electric Company and the Thomson-Houston 
 Company were united to form the General 
 Electric' Company, with headquarters in 
 Schenectady, where the first-named of these 
 organizations had then been located for six 
 years. 
 
 With the establishment of its main office 
 at Schenectady, the business of the General 
 Electric Company began to grow at a wonder- 
 ful rate. To handle economically the in- 
 cteased business, new shops were built, im- 
 proved machinery was installed, and both 
 office and factory systematized to a high de- 
 gree. From this time on the policy of the 
 company was ever to keep the factory equip- 
 ments and methods up to such a high stand- 
 ard that all orders, whatever their magnitude, 
 could be filled with dispatch and thorough- 
 ness. 
 
 Building No. 10 and about half of what is 
 now building No. 12 constituted the original 
 factory of the Edison Company in 1886. From 
 this beginning the Schenectady plant has en- 
 joyed a wonderful growth. It is now the 
 company's largest and best-equipped plant, 
 with a total ground area of 335 acres, a total 
 floor space of nearly 5,000,000 square feet, or 
 about 115 acres. Nearly 20,000 people, the 
 population of a city, find employment within 
 its gates. The largest building is 205 feet 
 wide, 800 feet long and has a total floor space 
 of 400,000 square feet. Besides this mam- 
 moth factory building there are about fifty 
 other large buildings and nearly a hundred 
 smaller buildings. The main ofiice of the 
 company is a handsome structure seven stories 
 high, and housing a force of nearly 2.000 
 emplovees. Other offices are scattered 
 throughout the plant in touch with the man- 
 ufacturing end. 
 
 The Schenectady plant is mainly devoted to 
 the manufacture of the largest electrical ap- 
 paratus. Some idea of the capacity of the 
 works may be obtained from the following 
 statement of production for the year 1912: 
 
 Kw. 
 No. Capacity 
 Generators and motors.... 3,222 835.600 
 
 Steam turbines 106 399,000 
 
 Induction motors i5.4ii 575.000 
 
 Compensators 18,391 
 
 Railway motors 4^83 
 
 Projectors ^13 
 
 Air compressors 2,886 
 
 Switchboard panels 1 1,859 
 
 Mining locomotives 3^2 
 
 \\iring supi)lies. .. 19,268,300 pieces 
 
 Installed -in the plant are approximately 
 9.500 machine tools, 210 traveling cranes, and 
 7.000 motors, which, for the most part, drive 
 individual machines. More than 3,000 arc 
 and hundreds of Mazda lamps are used to 
 light the buildings and grounds. There are 
 two power stations, with a total normal capa- 
 city of 20,000 kilowatt. In addition to this, 
 water power can be drawn upon to an extent 
 of 10,000 kilowatts. 
 
 Perhaps the most important product of the 
 Schenectady plant is the Curtis steam turbo- 
 generator. In the great turbine shop are 
 built steam turbine-generators ranging in 
 capacity from 400 to 35,000 horsepower. 
 
 A great many novel processes are carried 
 on at the plant. ' Perhaps the most interesting 
 of these are the porcelain works ; the rubber 
 
 Charles Proteus Slelnnictc. Chief Consulting 
 Bn<iineer of the General Electric Company; 
 Professor of Electrical Engineering 
 of Union University 
 
 36 
 
Research Luhoi-atorx 
 
 works, where the crude rubber is worked up 
 into insulating material and formed as a cov- 
 ering to the conducting wires; the enameling 
 and lacquering rooms ; the manufacturing of 
 various insulating materials ; the wire and 
 cable department, and many others just as in- 
 teresting. 
 
 In the new research laboratory a large statf of 
 engineers, chemists, scientists and assistants 
 conduct the greater part of the experimental 
 work which is so valuable to the company and 
 so important to the world in general. The 
 laboratory is one of the best, if not the best, 
 of any commercial laboratory in the business 
 world. 
 
 A distinctive development of the laboratory 
 is the new wire-drawn metal filament Mazda 
 lamp, which gives three times the light of 
 the old carbon incandescent lamp. 
 
 A corps of chemists and physicists, and 
 other technical experts, in the research lab- 
 oratory, are engaged in constant original in- 
 vestigation and are in close touch with the 
 great experimental and technical laboratories 
 of the world. . 
 
 The streets throughout the Schen-ctady 
 plant throb with life and activity. Electric 
 engines are pulling loads of machinery from 
 building to building: emplovees are hurrying 
 about; horses and, automobiles help to make 
 it appear like a busy city. Building after 
 building is devoted to the manufacture of 
 motors and generators. In one of these, sev- 
 eral of the largest induction motors in the 
 world. 6,000 horsepower machines, were 
 turned out for the Indiana .^teel Company, at 
 Gary, Ind. 
 
 In the turbine building the Curtis steam 
 turbo-generators are built. This immense 
 
 shop has over ele\ en acres of floor space un- 
 der one roof. Here the mammoth turbine 
 generators, the largest of which are capable 
 of deli\ ering 50,000 horsepower from a single 
 unit, are built and erected. During the year 
 ic>ii turbo-generators of an aggregate capa- 
 city of nearly 500,000 horsepower were sold 
 for use in this country, England, Germany, 
 .'^outh Africa, Cuba, Mexico, Japan, Brazil, 
 New Zealand, Siam, Peru and Spain. 
 
 One of the largest buildings is devoted to 
 the construction and equipment of electric 
 lomotives. The types of electric locomotives 
 made there are similar to those now in use on 
 the New York Central & Hudson River Rail- 
 road and other steam roads recently partially 
 or wholly electrified. 
 
 The brass foundry gives constant employ- 
 ment to upwards of 150 men. Healthful 
 working conditions, as well as the use of im- 
 ]iro\ ed n.achinery, combine to bring about the 
 most efficient production. 
 
 The iron foundry contains a floor area of 
 about 180.000 scjuare feet, and there are in 
 addition numerous sheds for the storing of 
 foundry supplies, of sand, coke, etc. The 
 weekly output is at present about 600 tons 
 of finished castings. 
 
 The switchboard department now employs 
 over I .Soo men and occupies over 100.000 
 square feet of floor space. Complete switch- 
 boards, in size from the single panel board 
 for isolated power stations, to the controlling 
 apparatus for control stations of 50.000 kilo- 
 watts capacity, are manufactured and assem- 
 bled at the Schenectady works. 
 
 More than a thousand women are employed 
 in making sockets, switches, cut-outs, fuses, 
 panel-boards anrl other wiring devices. The 
 
 37 
 
lighting, ventilaling and other arrangements 
 are sutn as to enable these employes to work 
 under the most favorable conditions. 
 
 The drafting department is probably the 
 largest in the world. The making of the 
 numerous drawings used in the manufacture 
 of the company's wares is an industry in it- 
 self. Nearly a thousand are employed at this 
 work, including the draftsmen, and about 250 
 clerks and stenographers necessary to handle 
 the detail routine. An idea of the extent of 
 this work is given in the figures for 191 1, 
 when nearly 30.000 new drawings were made 
 at the Schenectady plant. 34-71- drawings 
 were changed. 9106 new small part drawings 
 were made. 5.678 small-part drawings were 
 changed, and 514 drawings were retraced. 
 
 ( )ne of the most conspicuous buildings at 
 the plant is that for pattern storage. Nearly 
 500.000 patterns are used in the foundry work 
 at the plant. 
 
 The General Electric Company's plant is 
 really an industrial city, where nearly 20.000 
 workers congregate each day. It has its own 
 railway system, its fire and police system, 
 restaurants, bus lines, and emergency hospital, 
 postoffice and telegraph stations, and, in fact, 
 nearly everything that a city of its own size 
 can boast. Its buildings are of the most 
 modern construction and design, and for the 
 most part firejiroof. Concrete and steel are 
 u:^ed largely in their construction. In, all 
 buildings a sufficient number of exits are pro- 
 vided and. as far as practicable, such exits 
 are in outside towers or outside fireproof 
 enclosures with automatic fire doors. Fire 
 escapes are properly attached to all buildings 
 requiring them. 
 
 An innovation of the greatest importance 
 to the employes was the establishment in 1913 
 of a pension system which aims to care for 
 the disabled and infirm who have reached ad- 
 vanced years in the service of the company 
 and have been employed continuously for a 
 period of twenty years or more. 
 
 The company does everything in its power 
 to prevent accidents to its many employes. 
 The various machines have been systemati- 
 cally equipped with safety guards. At the 
 ."^chenectady i)lant there are approximately 
 9.700 machine tools, of which 570 do not re- 
 quire safety ajipliances. A force of men is 
 constantly emjjloyed devising and applying 
 guards to the other machinery. About 11.500 
 guards have already been installed. 
 
 In addition to this welfare work, the com- 
 pany has always been liberal in giving finan- 
 cial assistance to the various social and 
 athletic activities conducted by the employes. 
 A large sum was apropriated in 191 2 for the 
 construction of a new home, now completed, 
 for the Edison Club, which is composed most- 
 Iv of young men employed as testmen or 
 junior engineers. This building, in Washing- 
 ton Avenue, near .State Street, provides a 
 large auditorium, bowling alleys. l)illiard, card 
 and smoking rooms, shower baths and 
 lockers. This club forms a social center 
 for members of the various engineering so- 
 cieties of the city, whose membership is large- 
 ly composed of General Electric employes. 
 
 In addition to the Schenectady plant, the 
 (ieneral Electric Company also maintains 
 Inrge plants at Lynn and Pittsfield, Mass.; 
 Harrison, N. J.; Erie. Pa.: Fort Wayne, Ind., 
 and lesser plants at several other cities. 
 
 r 
 
 B • k 
 
 .""iiii,,.:^-MH 
 
 • • 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 -^^-m.XXW^^ 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 ¥-■"; 
 
 
 ;'.<,,:"'■ .■■•r<•~^ 
 
 vfllli^lil 
 
 ^ IHII 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35= 
 
 P^fT 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 iriu-ii the iriuslU- Pl.'ZL's (It the Genera! Electrie JVorks 
 
 38 
 
Coiiil^aiiy's Plant. 
 
 AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY 
 
 riie American Loconioti\e Company, which 
 has its largest plant at Schenectady, owns and 
 operates six plants, the others heing located 
 at Dunkirk. K. Y. : Montreal, P. Q.; Rich- 
 mond. \'a. : Paterson, N. J., and Pittsburgh. 
 Pa. The general offices of the company are 
 located in Xew York City, but the general 
 drawing office for all plants is located at 
 Schenectady. 
 
 The Schenectady plant is able to manufac- 
 ture any class of locomotive, but most of the 
 smaller locomotives, such as contractors' en- 
 gines, are built at Paterson. so that Schenec- 
 tady handles the larger class of engines, being 
 especially equipped for this work. In addi- 
 tion to steam locomotives, the Schenectady 
 plant manufactures the mechanical portion 
 of electric locomotives, having two buildings 
 devoted almost exclusively to this work, 
 handling same in connection with the General 
 Electric Compan\-. 
 
 The plimt is complete, and manufactures 
 from the raw material, buying only such si)e- 
 cialties as may be required. It has a capacity 
 of one hundred average locomotives per 
 month when under full working conditions, 
 and normally employing in the neighborhood 
 of 5.500 men. 
 
 The company has entered into the "Safety 
 First" movement, and during the ]3ast few 
 vears has spent large amounts of money in 
 guarding and installing \arious devices for 
 the protection of its men. 
 
 It has also enabled the men to provide the 
 Locomotive Club, which is located on the out- 
 skirts of the city and n\erlooking the Mohawk 
 River. The clubhouse is well equipped, hav- 
 
 ing a large hall, billiard and pool tables, bowl- 
 ing alleys, shower baths, etc. The grounds 
 have been laid out with tennis courts, cricket, 
 football and baseball grounds. The company 
 has also been liberal in giving assistance to 
 \arious organizations of Schenectady, ma- 
 terially assisting the Ellis Hospital, the Y, M. 
 C. A. 'and the Y. W. C. A. The officials of 
 the company take a deep interest in Schen- 
 ectadw her jjeople and city affairs. 
 
 DIVERSIFIED INDUSTRIES 
 
 \\'ith respect to accessibility to materials 
 anil markets and facilities for freight distri- 
 bution, the location of Schenectady is espe- 
 cially favorable for the development of small 
 industrial enterprises; and these advantages 
 are enhanced by satisfactory living and labor 
 conditions. It follows as a natural result 
 that, in addition to the two dominant indus- 
 tries that have spread the fame of "made in 
 Schenectady" products throughout the world, 
 there are many other flourishing plants, rep- 
 resenting widely diversified lines of manu- 
 facturing operations, that are contributing 
 factors in swelling the grand total of the city's 
 factory output to the aggregate value of 
 $60,000,000 per annum. 
 
 Among the growing industries that add to 
 the diversified character of Schenectady's 
 niaiuifactures may be named the following: 
 
 Bland .\djustable Frame Co. — Improved 
 frames for advertising. 
 
 Bell Polish Co. — Polish for automobiles. 
 
 H. B. Chalmers Co. — \'arnish and paint 
 removers. 
 
 Graham Engraving Co. — Half-tones and 
 zinc etchings. 
 
 39 
 
Imperial Fireworks Co. 
 
 International Fireworks Co. 
 
 Kellam & Shaffer Co. — Mard wall plaster. 
 finishes, outside stuccos, cut stone and 
 masons' supplies. 
 
 Loconioti\ e ."^toker Co. — I.o.-omotive 
 stoker.s. 
 
 Mica Insulator Co. — h'lectrical insula- 
 tions, mica, niicanite. oiled cloths and 
 papers. 
 
 Mohawk X'alley l-'le.Kotile Co. 
 
 Mohawk Clothing Co. — Clothing special- 
 ties. 
 
 Mohawk Gas Co. — Coke. 
 
 Mohawk Stone Yards. 
 
 Mynderse Bottling Works. 
 
 National B:isel) dl Manufacturing Co. — 
 Basehalls and inloor halls. 
 
 Nicholaus, Louis — Xon-alcoholic liever- 
 ages. 
 
 Philli])s. Cadv S. — Broom machinery. 
 
 Ramco Manufacturing Co. — Metal spe- 
 cialties. 
 
 Schenectady \'arnish Co. — \'arnishes, 
 japans and enamels. 
 
 Schenectady Wall Plaster Co. — Building 
 plasters. 
 
 ."^clienectady Cast Stone Co. 
 
 ."Schenectady Firew'orks Co. 
 
 Schenectady Tile Co. 
 
 Schenectady Brick Co. 
 
 S. R. Manufacturing Co. — (jas ent ines. 
 
 Superior Printing and Box Co. 
 
 W'e'.)er Electric Co. — Electrical supplies 
 and specialties. 
 
 W'estinghouse Company — Threshing ma- 
 chines and farm implements. 
 
 Wiederhold Co., John — Ladies under- 
 wear. 
 
 MERCANTILE 
 
 ."^chenectady's large department stores and 
 other tstahlishments dealing in wearing ap- 
 parel, household furnishings and art goods 
 compare favorahly with those of any city in 
 the land. There is no line of trade that is 
 
 H. S. luinicy Ci'., Prf<artmenl Store 
 
 40 
 
not rcpicsciUcd. 'I'lio slocks (lisi)layiHl im- 
 press the visitor with tlie high quaUty of the 
 merchandise, the wide range of choice oHered, 
 the taste evidenced in design, the unqueslion- 
 alilc up-to-dateness of styles and reasonalile- 
 ness of ])rices. 'i'hese stores are directly 
 managed hy men of ahilily and knowledge in 
 their several lines, who keep in closest touch 
 with the country's foremost designers and 
 makers, on the one hand, and with the needs 
 and preferences of their i^atrons on the other, 
 llie city is also a wholesale market of im- 
 portance. In hardware. vehicles. imple- 
 ments, in groceries, confectionary and other 
 lines an adequate depot of snpi)ly is fomid in 
 .'^chenecl.-idy. 
 
 MARKETS 
 
 One of the most perplexing |iro!ilems he- 
 fore municipalities of today is that of Ijring- 
 ing the farmer and gardener ;ind the consum- 
 
 ing puMic into as close relationship as ])OSsible. 
 riiis jirolileni is solved in .Schenectady in so 
 satisfactory a manner that the "high cost of 
 living" has become a theory rather than a 
 condition, and has little meaning to the aver- 
 ;ige householder. The country surrounding 
 .'^chenectaily is one of the most productive in 
 the .siati'. Ilie rich alluvial flats on either 
 shore of the Mohawk yield every variety of 
 foodstuffs known to the small fanner ,-ind 
 market gardener, while the rolling hills fur- 
 ther hack from the river afford vast grazing 
 fields for the dairying industry, and beyond 
 iIksc. again, stretch the broad acres of the 
 well-tilled f.irms ])roducing grain and other 
 large crops. ( )rchards on every hand bend 
 their l)oughs in autumn under the weight 
 of ripening fruit. Drawing supplies direct, 
 and at first cost, from these several sources, 
 .Schenectady has an unusually large number 
 of retail markets serving the consumer at the 
 most reasonable ])rices. These markets carry 
 
 The IfjIUuc c-iiif. 
 
 41 
 
 lK-p,irll 
 
The M.ihiain Comfau^s :-. Ji.-iu, Uulv EslahlUhmenI 
 Al 
 
everv class of t()cnlstuli'> in ilic choicest (|n;ili- 
 ties, and in the ca^c of fruits, vegetables anil 
 dairv proiUici-, witlioiu the deterioration 
 arising from long distance shipments. Se\ - 
 cral of the larger markets are so elaborate in 
 their arrangements and (lis])Iay as to be \eri- 
 table show places, itnsnrpasscd by any other 
 citv. riie "high cost of living" has been at- 
 tacked from another angle Ijy the municijjality 
 in the establishment of a new ]niblic market, 
 which occui)ies the open S(|uare at Hamilton 
 and South L'cntre Streets. That this innova- 
 tion is giining in f;i\ (.)r with the thrifty house- 
 wi\cs. small ret;iilcr< .-in I street \ender-- is 
 demonstrated b\ the lumilrcds who each 
 iiioniing make their purchases from the nu- 
 merous wagons ;ind stiniU ui the farmers 
 that here otTer every sort of fruit. jMiultry .and 
 
 farm and truck-garden produce. 'I'here is 
 notlting more important in an industrial city 
 tlian kee]>ing the price of foodstulYs as low 
 as possible: and ."Schenectady's public market, 
 after development, will undoubtedly be a 
 strong force in establishing prices and a help- 
 ful .igcncy in bringing the abundance of the 
 farm^ cjiiect. and at a miniiuuiu cost for 
 handling, to the market baskets of the more 
 frugal vv.iue-earners of the city. 
 
 (iiMii.i'.s Ki<i':iiioi''i':i( iiAKixc; CO. 
 
 The pure food laws placed upon the .statute 
 books as tile result of aroused public senti- 
 luent have not been ditticult of enforcement in 
 the plants of progressive manufacturers, whose 
 enlightened self-interest has led them not only 
 
 ^^t^l 
 
 
 ^TEf <\m 
 
 43 
 
E. D. Winterstcrn 
 
 IVm. F. McMillan 
 
 Conrad Goelz 
 
 II. 
 
 t lUihriH, Liter 
 
 frank J. Eckel 
 
 Dep'y Comptroller 
 
 Assessor 
 
 Com. of L harilies 
 
 
 Assessor 
 
 L ilv TrrnsKrer 
 
 to niet-t the requirements of the law, but in 
 many particulars to go further in the eftort 
 to give the consumers foodstuffs of scientific 
 purity and high nutritive value. In no branch 
 of food production has greater progress in 
 this direction been made than in the baking 
 industry. An example in point is found in 
 Schenectady in the new automatic bakery of 
 the Charles Freihofer Baking Co. 
 
 Situated on Albany Street, near Brandywine 
 Avenue, in an attractive and healthful en- 
 vironment, far removed from the congested 
 districts of the city, this extensive plant is one 
 of the most thoroughly modern bakeries in 
 the country. In its construction every con- 
 sideration has been given to lighting arrange- 
 ments, ventilation, cleanliness and every mi- 
 nute detail making for the best obtainable 
 sanitary conditions. 
 
 Frank A. Frciltofcr 
 
 Head of the Charles Freihofer Baking Company's 
 
 Schenectady Establishment 
 
 Equipped witli special electrically controlled 
 machinery, the hand of man does little here, 
 and almost every process in the making of 
 bread is done by mechanical devices that in- 
 sure a product of uniform excellence. High- 
 grade flours are used and are automatically 
 weighed and blended. In the mixing room, 
 the outside atmosphere is admitted only in a 
 filtered condition, purified by being passed 
 
 through water. The proi)er tenipe.ature for 
 mixing is obtained by an improved system of 
 heating and refrigeration, and is maintained 
 by a mechanism that so controls the heat and 
 moisture that the best atmospheric conditions 
 exist at all times. Thus, with choicest ma- 
 terials used in exact formulas, treated scien- 
 tifically, kneaded by machinery, the snow- 
 white loaves are passed into the most modern 
 automatic ovens. The raw loaf enters at one 
 end and comes out at the other end baked. 
 These ovens are called traveling ovens, and 
 there are only six bakeries in the United States 
 so equipped, and the Freihofer Company were 
 the first to install them. Absolute uniformity 
 of heat is maintained. From the ovens the 
 "pan" loaves are conveyed to an automatic 
 wrapping machine, where, by an ingenious 
 device, they are wrapped in heavy waxed 
 paper and sealed, to prevent any contamina- 
 tion with dirt and dust. The "French" bread, 
 where the aim is to get a rich, brittle crust, 
 cannot be so wrapped, because it must have 
 ventilation, but is encased in speciall)--niade 
 paper bags. In short, the most improved 
 hygenic methods are adhered to in every pro- 
 cess both of manufacture and delivery. This 
 bakery is not only a step forward in the bak- 
 ing of bread, but to the City of Schenectady. 
 The completion of this splendid, modern, 
 sanitary plant in Schenectady marks the con- 
 sumation of long cherished plans of Mr. 
 Charles F. Freihofer to provide for each of 
 his three sons a baking plant comparable in 
 every respect to the parent establishment in 
 Philadelphia. These plans found their partial 
 fulfilment in the erection and equipment of 
 the large plants in Albany and Troy, and their 
 operation under the management of his elder 
 sons, Edwin H. and Charles C. Freihofer, 
 respectively. The Schenectady plant is ably 
 and systematically managed by the third 
 son. Frank A. Freihofer. The Charles Frei- 
 hofer Baking Company is incorporated under 
 the laws of the State of New York, and is 
 owned wholly by the elder Mr. Freihofer and 
 his three sons. 
 
 CARNRICK BROS. 
 
 One of the food manufacturing institutions 
 that has long been successfully operated in 
 
 44 
 
IF. PmH WcUct 
 
 Deputy City 
 
 liiiijuii'cr 
 
 II A. Varrcll 
 
 CU'i-h of Board of 
 
 Stit'-'y^'isors 
 
 Dennis Mahar 
 
 Clerk of Board of 
 
 Assessors 
 
 G. C. Wartmann 
 
 Sec. Bd. Contract 
 
 and Supply 
 
 ir. n. Goodale 
 
 Superintendent 
 
 jf Parks 
 
 Schenectady is the lircail baking estalilish- 
 men of Carnrick Bros. Its development has 
 proceeded steadily in response to the daily 
 increasing demands for the product of lis 
 ovens. The ])lant of this concern is modernly 
 equipped in every respect and the process of 
 manufacture is the most eflncient known in 
 the baking industry. Flours tested for color, 
 gluten, strength and fineness are blended and 
 scientifically mixed with other ingredients 
 bv electrically controlled machinery. After 
 moulding and "proofing," the loaves are baked 
 in large o\ens of the most approved construc- 
 tion. In every department thorough-going 
 provisions are made for the maintenance of 
 scrupulous cleanliness and the best sanitary 
 conditions. 
 
 XATIO-\Ab BASKB.VI.I. M.VIVUFACTURIIVG CO. 
 
 As the home of the National Baseball Man- 
 vifacturing Company. Schenectady is a factor 
 in our great national sport. This concern, of 
 which Mr. John Allen is president, is under 
 the management of Mr. J. H. Grady. Its 
 product consists of high-grade baseballs and 
 indoor balls. The present plant has a capacity 
 for making over 5,000 baseballs each day, and 
 the company contemplates increasing this 
 capacity in order to take care of the con- 
 stantly growing business. Practically the 
 only operation in which machinery does not 
 play a part is in the sewing of the covers. 
 This is all done by hand. 
 
 The company sends the cheaper grades of 
 balls out among the homes in the city and sur- 
 rounding districts to be sewed, thus employ- 
 ing over 400 families. The higher ))riced balls 
 are sewed in the factory by experienced men 
 in this line, the League ball stitchers com- 
 manding very high wages. 
 
 Although only five years in business, the 
 company's product is becoming, well known 
 and has a large field for distribution, ship- 
 ments being made to Canada, the Hawaiian 
 and Philippine Islands and all parts of the 
 United States. The product is known as the 
 Allen line, and has gained considerable pres- 
 tige as the Allen Official League ball, which 
 is being recognized more each season as the 
 highest standard quality league ball made. 
 
 THF. PAXOX CO., liVC;. 
 
 ( )ne of the unique enterprises of the Elec- 
 tric City is The Faxon Co., Inc., leather em- 
 porium, where the famous Faxon harness is 
 manufactured. In addition to its manufac- 
 turing operations, the company carries articles 
 of leatherware in endless variety. In its 
 Schenectady store, as well as in its mammoth 
 Albany establishment, no better or more ex- 
 tensive stocks of guaranteed trunks, bags and 
 suitcases and countless articles in the finest 
 leather are to be found between New York 
 and Chicago. While specializing in leather- 
 ware, The Faxon Co.. Inc.. is a recognized 
 headquarters for articles in beautiful ivory, 
 rich mahogany and other lines of novelties, of 
 domestic and foreign manufacture ; for re- 
 liable gloves of the best English and .\mcrican 
 m \kes. walking sticks and umbrellas, anto 
 robes and blankets. In the company's leather 
 repair department automobile loi)s :irc also 
 made. The Faxon goods bear the trade mark 
 "always reliable." and measure up to it ; a 
 fact which, taken in connection with the com- 
 pany's large stocks and progressive methods, 
 have placed The Faxon Co., Inc., in the com- 
 mercial position it occupies today. 
 
 IN'TER.XATIOXAL, MIl.K PRODVCTS CO. 
 
 A large plant and retail department of the 
 International Milk Products Company is lo- 
 cated in Schenectady, and from its inception 
 has been one of the city's most successful in- 
 dustries in its line. The International obtains 
 its milk and cream direct from its own dairy 
 farms ; and all of the ingredients entering into 
 its ]-)roducts are prepared in the company's 
 plants or under the supervision of its experts. 
 In addition to its rapidly increasing produc- 
 tion of ice cream and other frozen dainties, 
 the "International" brand of dairy products — 
 butter, cream cheese and many other varieties 
 of cheese — have gained a wide reputation for 
 purity and uniform excellence of quality. 
 
 THE JERSEY ICE CREAM COMPANY 
 
 A Schenectady business enterprise that has 
 grown to very large proportions is the Jersey 
 ice Cream Company. Employing only the 
 best grades of materials — rich cream, fresh 
 fruits and extracts of the first quality, and 
 having a plant with modern, sanitary equip- 
 
 43 
 
ment— the product of tliis concern enjoys high 
 favor ill the lionies and restaurants of the city, 
 and finds a large market in neighboring towns' 
 The normal capacity of the plant is 1.800 
 gallons of ice cream encli day of ten hours, 
 but m the Inisy season this quantity is greatly 
 exceeded. 
 
 MfP'- Mctwintilc Adjuslmcitl Co. 
 
 Miunuici' " 
 and Del 
 
 A'. J, lit 
 
 Q-I<j" Mcssciiyer 
 
 GR.VH.IM K\<;iSVVIX<; COMPAXY 
 
 Photo-engra\ ing is worthily represented in 
 Schenectady by the (irahaiu fuigraving Com- 
 pany, launched something over a year a^o 
 by \\ alter E. Cirahani. whose long experience, 
 thorough teclmical skill and comprehensive 
 grasp of the scientific phases of his pro- 
 fession are given double value by the keen 
 interest he takes in his work. The Graham 
 plant has facilities for the execution of orders 
 for every variety of commercial half-tones 
 zmc etchmgs and color work. By the test of 
 excellence of performance, progress in his 
 occupation and enlarged service to the com- 
 munity. Mr. Graham has. unquestionablv. 
 achieved pronounced success, both from tlie 
 artistic and commercial viewpoints. 
 
 MERCAXTILE .VUjr.STNE.XT COMP.VXY 
 
 Under the management of .Mr. Chester J. 
 A\oodiii. the .Mercantile .\djustment Co. has 
 iniilt up an enviable reputation in the com- 
 nninity for quick results and fair dealing in 
 the collection business. The company has 
 passed the experimental stage and has won the 
 distinction of being the first concern of its 
 kind to operate on a successful basis in 
 Schenectady. In addition to collecting old 
 accounts, the company, through its Credit Ex- 
 change, affords the merchants and profes- 
 sional men of the city and \icinity an effective 
 means of eliminating the great amount of un- 
 satisfactory credits that accumulate annually. 
 This \aluable adjunct to the company's serv- 
 ice renders accurate and up-to-the-minute 
 credit reports on firms and individuals. These 
 reports embody not only subjects of financial 
 and credit standing, but include information 
 on a\erage earnings, exiienditures. and the 
 like. The business houses of Schenectady 
 were quick to realize the necessity for, and 
 e.xctllence of. the service of the Mercantile 
 -Adjustment Company, with the result that it 
 now has on its books, as clients, the foremost 
 business and professional men of the city. 
 
 ••949" SERVICE 
 
 To the .*->chenectadian the numliers "949"' 
 have special significance. They stand for an 
 enterprise that has become an indispensable 
 agency of convenience in the household econ- 
 omy, in social life and in all lines of the city's 
 business activities. Under the ca])able man- 
 agement of Mr. L. R. .Ault. the "<)49" messen- 
 ger ser\-ice has been developed to a high de- 
 gree of efficiency and the business has been 
 expanded to include an auto parcel and trunk 
 delivery department, in which a number of 
 speedy motor vehicles are employed. As the 
 result of the promptness and reliability with 
 which deliveries are made by this branch of 
 the "949" service, the demands upon it are 
 constantly growing. 
 
 A glance at the map will suggest cogent 
 reasons why Schenectady is a trading and 
 manufacturing city oft'ering big opportunities. 
 A visit to Schenectady will reveal the reasons 
 for its remarkable growth and the certaintv 
 of its de\elopmeiit. 
 
 -An ini])ortant jiart in the field of .Schenec- 
 tady's charitable and philanthroi)ical activitv 
 is effectively covered by the ( )ld T.adies' 
 Home. Children's Home, the Day Xursery and 
 the (Jlenridge Sanatorium. 
 
 Schenectady is located on Xew York's 
 greatest artery of automobile travel— the 
 Albany-Buffalo route. .Any "ideal tour" must 
 mclude a stop at Schenectadv to really be an 
 ideal tour. 
 
 .Start in Schenectady and then spread out- 
 a right start and a logical result. 
 
 46 
 
Diiytoii Engraving Company 
 
 THE D.V\TOX EXGRAVirfG COMPAXY 
 
 Schenectady's society folk do not ha\ e to 
 send to other cities their orders for engraved 
 announcements, invitations and visiting cards. 
 or for monogram dies. They can have all 
 such orders executed in Schenectady, at a 
 great saving of time, by the Dayton Engrav- 
 ing Company, which has a plant fidly equip- 
 ped for engraving, plate printing and die 
 embossing, both for society and business uses. 
 Founded several years ago by John J. B. Day- 
 ton, this ])rogressive firm has Imilt up a solid 
 reputation for doing work of the highest 
 quality. Its business has. in consec|uence. 
 shown a rapid growth, and is now widely ex- 
 tended throughout Xew York and adjoining 
 states: over fifty agencies having been estab- 
 lished in Xew York. Massachusetts and Ohio 
 during the present year. 
 
 PVBI.ISHIXG -VXD PRIXTIXG IXDUSTRIES 
 
 The ( 'lazette Press. Union-.Star Press, Xew- 
 l'ind-\'on Ritter Co.. The Commercial Press. 
 Mohawk \'allev Publishing Co.. Schenectady 
 Herold. Citizen Pulilishing Co. ."superior 
 Printing and Box Co.. The Maqua Co.. Sauer 
 Brothers. Wm. Snell. Garry \\'. \'an \'ranken. 
 Schenectady Leader. Schenectady Art Press. 
 Roy B. Myers, G. Canzani. Gazeta Tygod- 
 niowa, Eagle Printing and Binding Co.. Day- 
 ton Engraving Co.. Crowe Pttblishing Co.. 
 Heck & Unseld. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS 
 
 Schenectady Gazette. Schenectady Union- 
 Star. Knickerbocker-Press, Sunday Telegram. 
 The Peoples' Press, Quacker Street Review. 
 Concordiensis. Schenectady Leader, Schenec- 
 tady Ilerold. Mohawk Thai Post. The Citizen, 
 Das Deutsche Journal. Gazeta Tygodniowa, 
 La Stampa. L'Osservatore. Saturday Globe. 
 
 THE H. B. CH-Vl.MERS CO. 
 
 Sustained superiority, the result of unre- 
 laxed progress, has distinguished the product 
 of The H. B. Chalmers Co. from the begin- 
 ning of its manufacturing operations. It is 
 difticult to speak of this flourishing Schen- 
 ectady concern without straying into paths of 
 advertising — here forbidden — for the name of 
 the firm at once suggests the name of its pro- 
 duct — "Chalco." the practical, economic suc- 
 cess that has become a household word and a 
 standard trade designation for the most ef- 
 fecti\e paint and varnish remover now in use. 
 The industry was founded in 191 1 by Mr. 
 H. B. Chalmers, the pioneer in this field, and 
 the success of the enterprise was soon estab- 
 lished. "Chalco" w^as patented in 1913, and 
 its decided merit in the two essentials of 
 economv and etticiency has won for it a prac- 
 tical monopoly in all markets demanding the 
 best product in this line. The business of the 
 companv has shown a constant growth from 
 the time of its inception. 
 
 Store of Julius Eger, Florist 
 
 47 
 
Thomas H. Welch, Suft. 
 Garbage Disposal Plant 
 
 C. C. McWilliams 
 Supt. Water Works 
 
 W. ir. Chadscy 
 Dcp. Com. of Piihlii.- Works 
 
 Wilt. C. .Shopman 
 Supt. Bureau of Seu<ers 
 
 First Assistant Corporation Counsel 
 Stephen A. Wolongiewicc 
 
 48 
 
 Chas. H. Hardstock 
 Building Inspector 
 
/)r. rito,i,a< C.niirv 
 Maj.. Xali,nuil Cuard X. Y. 
 
 Harry W. Crcr/irr 
 Cuiiiity SuM. of Hiiilrways 
 
 'J'h.imas I:. llaini/:in 
 Mayor's Secretary 
 
 M. J. Rosa 
 Coil Illy Treasu rer 
 
 U'oller C Kohiiisou 
 
 Pres. Mercy Hospital: Caj^taiii, Xational 
 
 Guard. X. y. 
 
 A. T. G. Wemfh 
 
 Sec. to Commissioner 
 
 Public Works 
 
 Henry R. Yates 
 Chief of Fire Dept. 
 
 Prof. James J. Kilgallen 
 Of the Kilgallen Dancing Academy 
 
 James W. Rynex 
 Chief of Police 
 
 49 
 
.^l.wart Wcsscls Win. H. Uunleavy 
 
 Suf'criisrir 
 iriii. H Smith 
 
 50 
 
 .Vii/Trr'i'.rnr .4 hi c nil an 
 
 Albert L. Stcicns Edward J. Acker 
 
Milton n. Pr J-„c 
 .■hl.inu-y 
 
 (;,■... ;( / ,,i//(,M/,.r- 
 
 IlllKl/ll It 
 
 Asst. District Atlonwy 
 
 Countv .'Uti'iiirv 
 A. S. Golden 
 
 L. Rodman Xichols 
 Architect 
 
 ]. Franklin Kilmer 
 Attorney 
 
 Arthur J. White 
 Photographer 
 
 Chemist 
 Dr. Bradley H. Kirschberg 
 
 Harry A. Engle 
 President, Trades Assembly 
 
 51 
 
"««■ 
 
 iii.it 
 
 i_ 
 
 //■.•(/./,-:lvv Huihliii;! 
 
 Tiiiusnii cind Plunk Fuilciiiig 
 
 52 
 
SCHENECTADY BOARD OF TRADE 
 
 In the sCM-ii yiar-- n\ 'n> ciirpuratc e.\i>lL-iKe 
 the Scheiiectaily I'.nanl of Trade has achieved 
 gratifviiifj lesuhs in the aLVoniiilishment of 
 the main purposes i()nieni]ilaled in its organ- 
 ization, as detined in its h\ law s tlie de\elop- 
 ing, fostering and proteeting of the commer- 
 cial, manufacturing and retail husiness in- 
 terests, hv joint and conccrteil action, and the 
 promotion of the general welfare of the city. 
 Its secretary and his associate otficers are 
 fully cognizant nf the fict that the work of 
 the Hoard cannot he c<inrnK-d to the attempted 
 solution of husiness prohlems exclusively; 
 that tile i>romotion of business and manufac- 
 turing, the municipal affairs and the social- 
 civic betterment movements are so inter- 
 dependent, and so react one upon the other, 
 that the scope of the I'.oard's activities must 
 progress along constantly broadening and ex- 
 tending lines. Recognizing that these are 
 times of sharp competition among progressive 
 cities, it has been earnest and forceful in its 
 advocacy of feasible plans for civic advance- 
 ment and public improxement tending to make 
 Schenectady a better place in which to li\ c and 
 earn a living. Moreover, with a full under- 
 standing that its superior advantages will count 
 for little in the outside world unless they are 
 forcibly presented and widely published, the 
 Board is at all times on the alert for oppor- 
 tunities to place before the business men of 
 the country the city's favorable location for 
 business and manufacturing development and 
 its attractiveness as a place of residence. 
 
 The Board of Trade has a membership of 
 about five hundred, and it is the aim of the 
 secretary and other ofticers to enlist the per- 
 sonal interest of the whole of its enrollment 
 in carrying out specific working plans insuring 
 the highest efficiency in every department of 
 its varied activities. 
 
 The president of the Board is Mr. James 
 F. Hooker, Comptroller of the City of Schen- 
 ectady. Mr. Hooker is a graduate of Yale 
 University, a member of the New York Bar, 
 and has had a wide experience in the indus- 
 trial world, in positions of executive respon- 
 sibility. During his administration his efforts 
 have been directed toward the goal of welding 
 the membership into a cohesive and effective 
 organization, having a full realization of its 
 responsibility in every phase of city building. 
 
 The secretary of the Board is Mr. Horace 
 W. Raymond. A native of the town of Nor- 
 folk. St. Lawrence County. New York, edu- 
 cated at the Norwood High School and Al- 
 bany Business College. Mr. Raymond has 
 been a resident of Schenectady since 1891. 
 For more than ten years he was in the em- 
 ploy of the General Electric Company. 
 Leaving the company in 1904 to accept the 
 position of Deputy Comptroller of the City 
 of Schenectady, he continued to discharge the 
 duties of that office during the six succeeding 
 years. In 1910 he had charge of the United 
 States census for the Citv and Countv of 
 
 .SchencctaiK . After the completion of this 
 work he entered tlu- insurance business as the 
 senior member of the firm of Raymond-Rob- 
 inson Comi)any, ,ind has since remained an 
 active p irlncr in that organization. In .March. 
 ii;i3. .\lr. Uaymond was chosen secretary of 
 the i'>oard of 1 rade to fill the vacancy caused 
 bv the resign ition of Mr. W. 11. Reed: was 
 re-elected in ( ictobcr (it that year, and again 
 in October. ii)i4. for the ensuing year. Mr. 
 Raymond is a life memlier of .St. ( ieorge 
 Lodge Xo. 0. h". ;jul .V. M.: a life member of 
 .St. (ieorge Cha))ter. and a ineiuber of .St. 
 ( Ieorge Council and Commandary ; a life luem- 
 ber of .Scottish Rite bodies; a thirty-second 
 degree Mason. Trov and Albany, and a mem- 
 ber of the ( )rienlal Temi)le, .Mystic Shrine, 
 Trov. anil of St. Paul's !.().( ).'l'.. Schenec- 
 tady. 
 
 Secretary Raymontl's broad concei)tion of 
 the duties of his office and of the functions 
 of the Board of Trade is reflected in his an- 
 nual report for the current year. After sum- 
 marizing the accomplishment of the several 
 cnnunittces with respect to the revision of the 
 housing code, flood prevention, new indus- 
 tries, the western gateway bridge project, and 
 various important trade matters, 'Sir. Ray- 
 mond says, in part : 
 
 "The functions of the Board of Trade are 
 not onlv to secure new industries, but care- 
 fullv to watch over and protect the interests 
 of those industries now established in the city, 
 and to lend them every assistance for their 
 welfare and further growth. Also to exercise 
 a general supervision, non-political, over the 
 aff'airs of the community in general, to strive 
 lovallv and with zeal for a cleaner, better, 
 more wholesome city in every way. 
 
 "We nuKst strive, and we are striving, to 
 keep our trade at home, and to induce the 
 people in neighboring towns to do their trad- 
 ing here, rather than in other places. A good 
 start has been made to induce the state to 
 l)uild the western gateway over the Mohawk. 
 This needed impro\ement will come in time, 
 and will not only beautify our city, but will 
 also tend to bring here a large transient trade. 
 
 "At this time there is a severe business de- 
 pression throughout the country, and so. even 
 more than in the days of prosperity, the 
 Board of Trade must work and strive for the 
 best interests of the city and its members. 
 
 'T shall give of my best to the work of the 
 Board. I very deeply appreciate the splendid 
 assistance given me by the members during the 
 past year, and. relying on their continued 
 assistance and support, I pledge my earnest 
 eft'orts to the continued upbuilding of the 
 Board of Trade and of Schenectady." 
 
 The other officers of the Board of Trade 
 are: M. F. Westover, first vice-president; 
 William Dalton, second vice-president ; Jo- 
 seph H. Clements. Jr.. third vice-president, 
 and H. B. Boardman. treasurer. The Board's 
 offices are at 246 State Street. 
 
 53 
 
The People Who Made Possible "The Schenedadian' 
 
 John Allen 
 
 American Locomotive Co. 
 
 Ailing Rubber Co. 
 
 L. R. Ault 
 
 Amsterdam Dairy Co. 
 
 Samuel D. Ashley 
 
 Albany Telegram 
 
 C. Angchis 
 
 H. S. Barnex Co. 
 
 A. R. Brubacher 
 
 R. E. Burger 
 
 ]]'. Garner Bee 
 
 Charles Baum Estate 
 
 Ball's Quick Shoe Repairing 
 
 Henry C. Buhrmaster 
 
 C. H. Benedict 
 
 The Boston Store 
 
 Brorcn & Lozve Co. 
 
 E. H. Blanchard 
 
 .4. T. Blessing 
 
 Buell Sr McDonald 
 
 Edzcin Clute 
 
 Chadz^nck-McDonald Realty Co. 
 
 Coffin Bros. 
 
 C. B. Coffin 
 
 Thomas R. Crane 
 
 Echi'ard D. Cutler 
 
 Joseph H. Clements, Sr. 
 
 Dr. J. H. Collins 
 
 H. W. Cregier 
 
 ir. [r. Chads cy 
 
 Dr. Thomas Carney 
 
 Craig & Vrooman 
 
 H. B. Chalmers Co. 
 
 Clark cV McDonald 
 
 Carnrick Bros. 
 
 John J. Curry 
 
 Cain &■ Dolan 
 
 The Carl Co. 
 
 James H. Callanan 
 
 Dan .4. Donahue 
 
 Henry S. DeForest 
 
 .^Hlton E. DeVoe 
 
 JP'illiam D. Dunn 
 
 J. E. Divyer 
 
 James A. Dolan & Co. 
 
 John J. B. Dayton 
 
 P. DeMarco 
 
 Dickens Bros. 
 
 John Dichl 
 
 Carter T. DeFriest 
 
 Edison Hotel 
 
 Frank J. Eckel 
 
 E.rcelsior Bottling JVorks 
 
 Loucks 
 
 Empire Laundry 
 Julius JV. Eger 
 The Electric Lunch 
 J/'. F. Fitcgerald 
 Daniel Flinn 
 The Fa.roH Co., Inc. 
 Harrv A. Furman 
 
 B. A. Farrell 
 Herman Freed 
 
 Charles Freihofer Baking Co. 
 
 Finch & Hahn 
 
 M. F rum kin 
 
 Joseph A. Field 
 
 Fonda. Johnstown & Glorcrsville 
 
 R. R. Co. 
 Robert Glcnu, Jr. 
 
 C. Goetz 
 
 W. D. Goodale 
 J. M. Gaffers 
 E. A. Gasner 
 S. Graubart 
 Goodman's Bakcrx 
 H. A. Gulick 
 General Electric Co. 
 James A. Goodrich 
 Louis Henry 
 James F. Hooker 
 Willis T. Hanson 
 IV. Stezcart Hamlin 
 Thomas E. Hanigan 
 Charles Heritage 
 Charles H. Hardstock 
 P. J. Hemmerling 
 John F. Horman 
 
 Hurd Boot Shop 
 
 Hudson Valley Brezvcrs' Association 
 John J. Healy, Jr. 
 
 Hotel IVilson 
 
 Dallas .'i. Hogan 
 
 Ben S. Henry 
 
 International Milk Products Co. 
 
 Jersey Ice Cream Co. 
 
 Dr. E. Holcomb Jackson 
 
 C. Campbell James 
 
 Knickerbocker Press 
 
 Kellam & Shaffer Co. 
 
 L. IV. Killeen 
 
 Louis M. King 
 
 H. L. Kelley 
 
 S. Kleiman 
 
 Prof. James J. Kilgallen 
 
 J. Franklin Kilmer 
 
 J. T. & D. B. Lyon 
 
 Robert J. Landon 
 & Ale.vander 
 
The People Who Made Possible "The Schenedadian" 
 
 Uilliaiii B. Landrcth 
 Lindsay Bros. Cu. 
 Earnest //'. Mincluwr 
 The Mohican Co. 
 
 J. ir. Mills 
 
 Madden Lumber Co. 
 
 Mercantile . Idjiistinent Co. 
 
 C. W. .\h'rriani 
 
 George C. .\Joon 
 
 Mitchell & Brown 
 
 Otis C. Myers 
 
 Mohawk Stone Yard 
 
 I'ennis Mahar 
 
 Meyer Mann 
 
 //. .1. thinning Co. 
 
 B. .1. Miller 
 
 .1. J'edder Magee 
 
 Dr. Charles G. McMullen 
 
 Judge John J . McMullen 
 
 C. C. MclCillianis 
 ir. F. McMdlan 
 /■'rank ^h•.Millan 
 James C. McDonald 
 Judge Daniel Naylon, Jr. 
 L. Rodman Nichols 
 Xational Base Ball Mfg. Co. 
 Louis Xicholaus 
 
 The N ewland-l' onRitter Co. 
 
 7' he Xe-n' I'endome Hotel Co. 
 
 Nicholans Model Storage 
 
 Nicholaus Hotel 
 
 Parker Building 
 
 Patton <jr Hall 
 
 John R. Parker 
 
 James C. Parker 
 
 Grant Parks 
 
 John P. Patterson 
 
 ir. H. Ouinn 
 
 ILu-ace ll\ Raymond 
 
 M. J. Rosa 
 
 J. A. Rickard Co. 
 
 James IV. Ryne.v 
 
 IF. G. Robinson 
 
 Robinson-Bradt Coal Co., Inc. 
 
 Rankin cr Carey Coal Co. 
 
 John E. Roger 
 
 Gerardus Smith 
 
 Albert L. Stei'cns 
 
 J . Teller Schoolcraft 
 
 Charles P. Steinmetz 
 
 William H. Smith 
 
 Judge Marvin H. Strong 
 
 William C. Shopman 
 
 Dr. James L. Schoolcraft 
 
 G. F. Sauter 
 
 J. R. Sheehan 
 
 I-lenry L. Stern 
 
 Marcus Saul 
 
 Schenectady Public Market 
 
 Schenectady Illuminating Co. 
 
 Schenectady Railway Co. 
 
 Schenectady Leader 
 
 St. Clair Hotel 
 
 The Staples Co. 
 
 The Sauter Co. 
 
 Schenectady Business School 
 
 Schenectady Trust Company 
 
 Schenectady Cassette 
 
 The Schenectady IVall Plaster Co. 
 
 Sterling Art Shop 
 
 Schcnectadx Seed Co., Inc. 
 
 A. Stathes ' 
 
 Leivis B. Sebring 
 
 Timeson & Fronk 
 
 Carl Tornsten 
 
 Fred Thalman 
 
 E. Wilson Tuttle 
 
 Union Paving Co. 
 
 Sanford S. Van Denburgh 
 
 G. JV. Van Vranken 
 
 Judge Alexander M. Vedder 
 
 E. JV. Feeder 
 
 Vendome Hotel 
 
 ir. Jl'. J Vent pie 
 
 Wiune & McKain 
 
 Jl'alter & Hedden 
 
 Lyman J . Winter 
 
 Arthur J. White 
 
 T. Wilson 
 
 Walkover Boot Shop 
 
 Edward D. ll'intcrsteen 
 
 Chester J. Jl^oodin 
 
 Stewart 11 'essels 
 
 G. Conrad IVartmann 
 
 E. H. Westfall 
 
 W. Earl Weller 
 
 A.T.G. Wemple 
 
 Walter Wellman 
 
 John H. White 
 
 White & Stcz'eus 
 
 Wideman-Nile Garage 
 
 Stephen A. Wolongiewic:; 
 
 ]V edgeway Building 
 
 Fred J. Wessel, Jr. 
 
 The IVallace Co. 
 
 Charles IV. Williams 
 
 H. E. Walker 
 
 Henry R. Yates 
 
 James W. Yelverton 
 
 Zeiser & McGee 
 
 m 
 
 5£^ 
 
 55 
 
Itch S. Henry, Maiutger of "The Schenecladiiui" 
 Promoter of Coiisirui-'izc l'i(hlicily 
 
 E. Wilson Tntllc. Editor of "The Schenectadian" ; 
 Specializing in City and Industrial Literature 
 
 56 
 
SCHENECTADY: BRIEF STATISTICAL SUMMARY 
 
 Population growth : 
 
 1900 U. S. Census 31,682 
 
 1910 U. S. Census 72,826 
 
 1912 Postal Census 84,916 
 
 1913 Postal Census 94,784 
 
 1914 Postal Census (including Annexed Territory 96,584 
 
 1914 Estimated, at close of year 100,000 
 
 Area of City, 5,075 acres; or, approximately, 8 square miles. 
 Paved streets, 70 miles. 
 
 Streets paved, graded or in process of improvement, 125 miles. 
 Miles of watermains, 105; miles of sewers, 113. 
 
 Parks, improved and in course of development, 4; with area of over 200 acres. 
 ♦Assessed valuation of property, $56,828,899. 
 Banks — Two National, two Trust Companies, one Savings Bank. 
 Total capitalization of banks, $600,000. 
 Total surplus and undivided profits, $1,416,510.40. 
 Total deposits, $17,676,301.69. 
 
 Postal receipts, fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, $269,849.48. 
 Number of wage-earners, nearly 30,000. 
 
 Weekly payroll, under normal conditions, approaching $500,000. 
 Value of factory output per annum, $60,000,000. 
 
 Schools — Twenty-three Public, one High School, two Commercial, six Paro- 
 chial Schools, and Union University. 
 Enrollment of public schools, 13,520. 
 
 Number of teachers, 453. 
 
 Value of public school properties, $2,022,143. 
 
 School budget, current year, $475,542.75. -^' 
 
 Number of churches, 60. 
 Transportation : 
 
 New York Central Lines — main line and West Shore. 
 
 Delaware & Hudson. 
 
 Boston & Maine. 
 Electric lines — Schenectady Railway Company and the Fonda. Johnstown & 
 
 Gloversville Railroad. 
 Two Hospitals. 
 Public Library. 
 
 Thoroughly efilcient Health, Police and Fire Departments. 
 Sanitary Sewage and Garbage Disposal Plants. 
 Clean streets — Beautiful homes — Attractive environment — Moderate rentals — 
 
 Low living costs — ^Excellent stores — Many and diversified industries. 
 
 •U. S. Government Statistics of Cities, Bulletin No. 126, July 30, 1914. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL SITES 
 
 In and near the city, along the railways and Barge Canal, many factory 
 sites are available, and may be reached by switches from the main lines of the 
 railroads or by short spur trackage therefrom. Schenectady offers greater 
 economic facilities for the successful operation of industries of many kinds 
 than any other location in the east. 
 
 To manufacturers seeking the best possible location for their plants or dis- 
 tributing_ agencies, the Schenectady Board of Trade will furnish fullest 
 information regarding sites, railway statistics and market advantages. 
 
 MADE IN 
 SCHENECTADY 
 
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 I RICHMOND C. HILL. ISI3 
 
 THE ELECTRIC CITY :: HOME OF WORLD- 
 FAMOUS INDUSTRIES, PROGRESSIVE 
 MERCANTILE HOUSES, STRONG, CONSER- 
 VATIVELY MANAGED BANKS :: TRADING 
 CENTER OF AN AREA EMBRACING A 
 THRIVING POPULATION OF OVER HALF 
 A MILLION :: A RECIPROCAL MARKET 
 OF EXCEPTIONAL OPPORTUNITY 
 
 For Further Information Address Secretary of the Board of Trade