J 1 H m m ®* Glass _JEAAA1_ Book ^ Copyright If. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA AND PRESCRIPTION WRITING WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY OSCAR W. BETHEA, M.D., Ph.G., F.C.S. Assistant Professor of Materia Medica and Instructor in Prescription Writing, Tulane University of Louisiana. Formerly Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Pharmacology, Mississippi Medical College, etc. PHILADELPHIA F. A. DAVIS COMPANY, Publishers English Depot Stanley Phillips, London 1915 c?£ ^ <2> Copyright, 1915 BY F. A. DAVIS COMPANY Copyright, Great Britain. All Rights Reserved Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. Press of F. A. Davis Company 1914-1916 Cherry Street AUG 17 1915 )CI.A411110 TO HIS FATHER AND MOTHER A KNOWLEDGE OF WHOSE HIGH IDEALS, UNSELFISH AMBITIONS, AND UNSWERVING DEVOTION TO DUTY HAVE PROVEN A NEVER- FAILING SOURCE OF INSPIRATION. THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR Authority to use for comment the Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America, Eighth Decennial Revision, in this Volume, has been granted by the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopceial Convention, which Board of Trustees is in no way responsible for the accuracy of any translation of the official weights and measures or for any statements as to strength of official preparations. PREFACE. In the treatment of disease a physician is usually confronted with the following problems which must be considered in the order given : — What is the true condition of the patient? What changes should be produced in that condition? What agents will best effect those changes? In what form and by what methods should those agents be employed to obtain the best possible results? How should his orders for those agents be written so as to serve the best interests of the patient and his associates ? The first three of these propositions are exhaustively treated in many excellent volumes and are ably taught in the medical schools, but the last two of the propositions are often neglected. For example — the student is taught how to diagnose certain blood conditions, the changes that should be effected, and that Iron is the drug to bring about these desired results. It is often neglected to impress upon the student what preparations of iron will best meet the demands of particular conditions, the precautions to be observed in employing them, how to correctly prescribe them, alone or in combination, and, if in combination, with what forms or prep- arations of the other agents ; how to order for the safest, most con- venient and agreeable administration ; how to use the correct names, conveniently estimate the proper quantities, the best hours for administration, and the many other matters an ignorance of which may render the physician unable to properly put to practical use his knowledge of the other departments of medical science. Such in- struction is the particular object of this book. The purpose has been to handle the subject-matter in such a practical way as to render the work a dependable one for every-day service. (v) vi PREFACE. The author wishes to express his indebtedness to other writers from whose works he has, in some instances, had to draw. The volumes of particular asistance in compiling this work were The U. S. Pharmacopoeia, Remington's Pharmacy, Useful Remedies (A. M. A.), Wilcox's Materia Medica and Pharmacy, the U. S. Dispensatory, The National Formulary, Merck's Index, Shoe- maker's Materia Medica and Sollmann's Pharmacology. The writer is also much indebted to the publishers and authors who kindly allowed the use of the prescriptions from their works ; acknowl- edgments are made to these in each case in footnotes. O. W. B. CONTENTS. PAGE Definitions 1 Introduction to Part I 7 PART I. — Materia Medica. Official and Unofficial Drugs, Their Therapeutic Action and Uses, Arranged Alphabetically 9-333 Introduction to Part II 335 PART II. — Prescription Writing. Metrology 337 Metric System 340 Medical Latin 344 Rules, Groups, and Exceptions 347 Construction of Official Names 349 Abbreviations 350 Definition 353 History 354 Parts of a Prescription 355 Calculating Amounts 368 Choice of Vehicle 370 Quantity of a Prescription 373 Proportioning Dosage 374 Written Instructions 375 Concentrated Mixtures 378 Saturated Solutions 378 Percentage Solutions 379 Forms of Administration 380 Comparative Dosage of Preparations 383 The Pharmacopoeia 384 The National Formulary 384 Dispensatory _ 384 Official Drugs and N. F. Preparations 385 Proprietary and Patent Medicines 385 Specifying Manufacturers 386 Write Prescriptions 386 Prescription Blanks 387 (vii) viii CONTENTS. PAGE Carbon Copies 389 Care of Copies and Other Uses for them 390 Copies to a Successor 391 Care as to Writing 391 Rereading 393 Telephoning Prescriptions 393 Recommending Credit 393 Naming a Price 394 Charity 395 Local Peculiarities 395 Refilling and Giving Copies 396 Errors , 397 Domestic Measures 398 Examining the Medicine 398 Ownership of a Prescription 399 Stock Prescriptions 400 Incompatibility in Liquids ; in Solids ; Formation of a Precipitate ; Evolution of a Gas ; Separation of an Immiscible Liquid ; Formation of a Gelatinous Mass ; Incomplete Solutions ; Immiscibility : Thera- peutic Incompatibility 401 Table of Relative Value of Weights and Measures 410 Table of Abbreviations, Words, and Phrases 411 Table of Drops and Weight in a Fluidrachm 415 Table of the Solubility of Official Substances in W^ater and in Alcohol . . 416 Introduction to Part III 421 PART III. Illustrations showing Incorrect and Correct Forms in Prescription Writing (actual examples) 422 Clinical Index 503 General Index : 519 DEFINITIONS. Familiarity with the following definitions are essential to a correct understanding of a treatise on Materia Medica. Antiseptic. — An agent that will prevent the growth or arrest the development of micro-organisms. Examples: Sodium benzoate, boric acid, or almost any germicide in diluted form. Germicide. — An agent that will kill germs. Examples: Phenol, cor- rosive mercuric chloride, potassium permanganate, iodine. Disinfectant. — An agent that destroys the organisms capable of pro- ducing disease. Examples: Formaldehyde, sulphur dioxide, phenol, iodine. Parasiticide. — An agent that will kill parasites. Examples: Sulphur, iodine, mercurial ointment. Deodorant. — An agent that removes odor. Examples: Potassium per- manganate, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide. Anthelmintic. — An agent used in the treatment for intestinal worms. Examples: Santonin, phenyl salicylate, thymol. Vermifuge. — An agent that will effect the removal of intestinal worms. Examples: Castor oil, calomel, jalap. Vermicide. — An agent that will kill intestinal worms. Examples: Santonin, thymol. There can be no sharp distinction between the last three terms, and they are used as practically synonymous. Taenifuge (or Taeniafuge). — An agent that will effect the removal of tapeworms. Examples : Pelletierine tannate, oleoresin of male fern. Purgative. — An agent that will cause an evacuation of the intestinal contents. Examples: Calomel, castor oil, magnesium sulphate. Aperient. — A very mild purgative. Examples: Honey, potassium bitartrate, magnesium oxide. The term seems to be particularly applied to mild purgative waters. Laxative. — A mild purgative, usually producing one or two evacu- ations without pain or tenesmus. Examples: Olive oil, liquid petrolatum, and small doses of many of the more active purgatives. Cathartic. — An active purgative, usually producing several evacuations, and may or may not be accompanied by pain or tenesmus. Examples : Castor oil, calomel, cascara sagrada. Drastic. — A very active purgative, usually producing many evacu- ations, and accompanied by pain and tenesmus. Examples : Croton oil, elaterin. Saline. — A mineral salt that will produce an evacuation of the intes- tinal contents. Examples: Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, potas- sium and sodium tartrate. Hydragogue. — An agent that produces watery evacuations of the intestinal contents. Examples: Magnesium sulphate, solution of magnesium citrate, sodium phosphate. (i) 2 DEFINITIONS. Cholagogue. — A purgative that stimulates the flow of bile. Examples: Calomel, inspissated oxgall, sodium glycocholate, and sodium tauro- cholate are usually placed in this class. Diuretic. — An agent that increases the flow of urine. Examples: Hexamethylenamine, theobromine sodiosalicylate, potassium acetate. Antilithic. — An agent that prevents the formation or favors the re- moval of stones or calculi in the urinary or biliary tracts. Examples : Lithium citrate, hexamethylenamine, alkaline' waters, and glycerin are usually placed in this class. Lithontriptic. — An agent that tends to dissolve calculi in the urinary or bile tracts. Examples : Lithium citrate, potassium citrate, and ammonium benzoate are usually placed in this class. Galactagogue. — An agent that stimulates the secretion of milk. Examples: Mild malt drinks, pilocarpine. Antigalactagogue. — An agent that lessens the secretion of milk. Bel- ladonna, probably all hydragogue purgatives. Sialagogue. — An agent that increases the flow of saliva. Examples: Pilocarpine, potassium iodide, citric acid. Antisialagogue (or Antisialic). — An agent that lessens the flow of saliva. Examples: Belladonna, sodium bicarbonate. Expectorant. — An agent that facilitates the removal of the secretions of the bronchopulmonary mucous membrane. Examples : Ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ipecac. Expectorants are sometimes classed as sedative expectorants and stimulating expectorants. Refrigerant. — An agent which, when taken by mouth, produces a sensation of coolness. Examples: Peppermint, spearmint, fruit juices. Refrigerants usually tend to allay thirst. Carminative. — An agent that will remove gases from the gastro- intestinal tract. Examples : Asaf etida, peppermint, cardamom. Alterative. — An agent that will restore deranged nutritive processes. Examples : Corrosive mercuric chloride, calomel, arsenic trioxide, and potas- sium iodide are usually placed in this class. Restorative. — An agent that restores lost tone or function. Examples: Preparations of iron, arsenic, mercury, etc. Resorbent. — An agent that tends to promote the absorption of ab- normal matter, as exudates or blood-clots. Examples: Potassium iodide, ammonium chloride. Antipyretic or Febrifuge. — An agent that will reduce febrile tempera- tures. Examples : Quinine, antipyrine, acetylsalicylic acid. Antiphlogistic. — An agent that tends to relieve inflammation. Ex- amples: Cataplasma of kaolin, ichthyol. Emmenagogue. — An agent that stimulates the menstrual function. Examples: Viburnum, preparations of iron, manganese dioxide, ergot. Oxytocic. — An agent that hastens the process of labor. Examples: Pituitrin, quinine. Ecbolic (or Abortifacient).— An agent that will cause the pregnant uterus to expel its contents. Examples: Ergot, cotton-root bark, tansy. Irritant. — An agent which, when used locally, produces more or less local inflammatory reaction. Examples: Iodine, chloroform, mustard. DEFINITIONS. 3 Counterirritant. — An agent that is applied locally to produce in- flammatory reaction, with the object of affecting some other part usually adjacent to or underlying the surface irritated. Examples: Mustard, chloroform, cantharides. Rubefacient. — An agent that, when applied to the skin, produces red- ness. Examples: Chloroform, mustard, menthol. Vesicant. — An agent that will produce blisters. Examples: Mustard, cantharides. Epispastic. — An agent that, applied locally, will produce a serous or puriform discharge by exciting inflammation. Examples: Red mercuric iodide, iodine. Pustulant. — An agent that will produce pustules. Examples: Croton oil, antimonium and potassium tartrate. Caustic. — An agent that will destroy living tissue. Examples: Silver nitrate, potassium hydroxide, nitric acid. Escharotic. — An agent that will destroy tissue with the production of a slough. The term is often used synonymously with caustic, but usually indicates a more extensive action. Examples: Arsenic trioxide, zinc chloride. Emollient. — An agent that will soften and soothe the part when ap- plied locally. The term is usually confined to agents affecting the surface of the body. Examples: Ointment of rose-water, petrolatum, olive oil. Demulcent. — An agent that will soothe the part to which applied. The term is usually restricted to agents acting on mucous membrane. Examples: Mucilage of acacia, mucilage of tragacanth, milk. Protective. — An agent that will mechanically protect the part to which applied. Examples: Collodion, plasters. Tonic. — An agent that improves or strengthens one or more parts or functions of the body. According to action these are subdivided as general, cardiac, etc. Examples : Preparations of iron, arsenic, digitalis. Reconstituent Tonic. — An agent that improves or strengthens one or more parts or functions of the body by replacing lost material. Ex- amples : Iron, phosphorus, calcium. Stimulant. — An agent that will excite one or more portions of the body. These agents are usually subdivided as to special action, as cerebral stimulants, cardiac stimulants, etc. Examples: Atropine, strych- nine, caffeine. Excitant. — An agent that will excite a special function of the body. They are subdivided according to action as motor, cerebral, etc. Ex- amples: Alcohol, strychnine, cocaine. Deliriant (or Delirifacient). — An agent that will produce delirium. Examples: Hyoscine, atropine. Depressant. — An agent that will depress a body function. Accord- ing to action they are subdivided as motor, cerebral, etc. Examples: Bromides, aconite, hydrated chloral. Sedative. — An agent that will allay irritability or excitement. Ac- cording to action, they are subdivided as general, local, nervous, vascu- lar, etc. Examples: Bromides, morphine, codeine, hydrated chloral. Hypnotic. — An agent that will produce sleep. Examples: Sulphon- ethylmethanum, morphine, hydrated chloral. 4 DEFINITIONS. Narcotic. — An agent that will cause stupor. Examples: Morphine, hydrated chloral. Anodyne (or Analgesic). — An agent that will relieve pain. Examples: Morphine, codeine, acetylsalicylic acid. Antispasmodic. — An agent that will relieve muscular spasm. Ex- amples: Morphine, atropine, asafetida, bromides. Anesthetic. — An agent that will produce insensibility to pain or touch. According to action, they are subdivided as general and local. Examples: General — ether, chloroform, ethyl chloride. Local — cocaine, novocaine, phenol. Emetic. — An agent that will cause vomiting. Examples: Apomor- phine hydrochloride, ipecac, sodium chloride, mustard. Antiemetic. — An agent that will prevent or arrest vomiting. Ex- amples: Cocaine, peppermint, bismuth subnitrate, cerium oxalate. Astringent. — An agent that will produce contraction or condensation of tissue: Examples: Alum, tannic acid, ferrous sulphate. Styptic. — An agent that will arrest bleeding when applied locally. Examples: Ferrous sulphate, alum, tannic acid, iodine. Haemostatic. — An agent that will arrest bleeding without being di- recth applied to the bleeding area. Examples : Calcium lactate, horse- serum, ergot. Diaphoretic (or Sudorific). — An agent that will increase perspira- tion. The term sudorific is usually confined to those active agents that cause drops of perspiration to collect on the skin. Examples : Pilocarpine, opium, camphor. Mydriatic. — An agent that will dilate the pupil of the eye. Examples: Atropine, homatropine hydrobromide. Myotic. — An agent that will contract the pupil of the eye. Examples: Physostigmine, pilocarpine. Sternutatory. — An agent that will cause sneezing. Examples: Quil- laja, salicylic acid. Errhine. — An agent that will increase the secretion of the mucous membrane lining the nose. The term is usually employed as synonymous with sternutatory. Examples: Quillaja, salicylic acid. Antizymotic. — An agent that will prevent or arrest fermentation. Examples: Salicylic acid, alcohol. Nutrient. — An agent that supplies to the body material for building tissue. Examples: Codliver oil, olive oil, gelatin, milk. Digestant. — An agent that will digest food or aid in digestion. Ex- amples: Pepsin, pancreatin. Antiscorbutic. — An agent that will prevent or relieve scurvy. Ex- amples: Citric acid, orange-juice. Antimalarial. — An agent that will prevent or relieve malaria. Examples: Quinine, arsenic. Antirheumatic. — An agent that will prevent or relieve rheumatism. Examples: Sodium salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, colchicum. Antisyphilitic. — An agent that will prevent or relieve syphilis. Ex- amples: Mercury, arsenic, iodides. Antacid. — An agent that will neutralize acidity. Examples: Mag- nesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate. DEFINITIONS. 5 Haematinic. — An agent that will increase the hematin in the blood. Example: Iron. Aphrodisiac. — An agent that will increase sexual desire or power. Examples: Nux vomica, phosphorus, alcohol, and cantharides, are usually placed in this class. Anaphrodisiac. — An agent that will depress the sexual function. Examples: Bromides, opium, monobromated camphor. Alkaloid. — A basic substance, usually the active principle of a plant, and composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and, usually, oxygen. Examples: Quinine, morphine, strychnine. Glucoside; — A substance (usually of vegetable origin) that is capable of being split up into two or more simpler bodies, one of which is glucose. Examples: Santonin, salicin, digitalin. Gum. — An amorphous, non-volatile solid or soft-solid substance obtained as a natural exudate from a plant, and possessing the properties of being more or less soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and, when moist, having adhesive qualities. Examples: Acacia, tragacanth. Resin. — An amorphous, non-volatile solid or soft-solid substance, obtained as a natural exudation from or by treatment, of plants. It is prac- tically insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. Examples: Guaiac, rosin. Gum-resin. — A natural mixture of gum and resin. Examples: Asafetida, myrrh. Oil. — A greasy liquid not miscible with water, usually obtained from a vegetable or animal source. According to character, they are sub- divided principally as fixed and volatile (or essential). Examples: Fixed — castor oil, olive oil, codliver oil. Volatile — oils of mustard, pep- permint, rose. Oleoresin. — A natural mixture of oil and resin. Examples: Oleo- resins of aspidium, turpentine, ginger. Balsams. — Natural resinous substances derived from plants, and containing benzoic, cinnamic or analogous acids. Examples: Balsam of Peru, Balsam of Tolu. Stearopten. — A concrete or solid substance obtained from a volatile oil. Examples: Menthol, thymol. Alcohol. — As a class name it means a hydrocarbon radical in com- bination with the radical OH. As a name for a definite substance it means ethyl alcohol. Ether. — As a class name it means a substance composed of two alcohol radicals in combination with O. As the name of a definite substance it means ethyl ether. Ester (or Compound Ether). — A substance composed of an alcohol and acid radical in combination with O. Examples: Acetic ether, amyl ether. Aldehyde. — A compound intermediate between an alcohol and acid. A hydrocarbon radical in combination with the radical COH. Example: Acetic aldehyde. Acid. — A compound composed of hydrogen with an electronegative element or group of elements and possessing the following properties: 6 DEFINITIONS. It contains hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal or base to form a salt; it changes the color of litmus from blue to red; it has (when soluble in water) an acid or sour taste. Examples: Sulphuric acid, hy- drochloric acid, citric acid. Alkali. — A metallic oxide (except ammonia) that has the property of combining with an acid to form a salt, or with an oil to form soap. Examples: Caustic soda, caustic potash. Base (or Basic Substance). — A compound usually composed of a metal with oxygen, or oxygen and hydrogen, and possessing the follow- ing properties: With an acid it forms a salt; it has (when soluble in water) an alkaline taste and reaction. Root. — The underground part of a plant. Usually applied to the principal underground plant axis. Examples: Stillingia, glycyrrhiza, belladonna. Rhizome. — A more or less underground and horizontal root-stem of a plant. Examples : Hydrastis, valerian, ginger. Tuberous Root. — A thickened primary root. Examples: Aconite, jalap. Bulb. — A short, thick, underground stem, composed of layers. Ex- ample: Squill. Corm. — A short, solid, underground stem. Example: Colchicum. Leaf. — A plant organ usually shooting out from the side of a stem or branch. Usually somewhat flattened and oval in shape and green in color. Examples: Belladonna, hyoscyamus, digitalis. Leaflet. — One of the subdivisions of a compound leaf. Examples: Senna, pilocarpus. Bark. — The outer cover of the woody parts of a plant. Examples: Cinchona, wild cherry, cascara sagrada. Seed. — The part of the fruit containing the germ. Examples: Nux vomica, mustard, colchicum seed. Fruit. — A product of a plant for the propagation of its kind. It is the seed usually with the part containing it. Examples: Colocynth, vanilla, capsicum. Neutral Principle. — A proximate principle of neutral reaction, not otherwise classified. Examples: Aloin, elaterin. Flower. — That part of a plant which comprises the organs of repro- duction. Examples: Arnica, anthemis, matricaria. Herb. — A plant of tender, juicy nature, only living one season. Ex- amples: Peppermint, lobelia, pennyroyal. INTRODUCTION TO PART I. In the following pages are included all official drugs, also some few others that are frequently employed by prescribers. In the case of the frequently used agents the effort has been made to give complete information as to how to employ them to meet the conditions for which they are commonly used. No effort has been made to show the use in each disease, but only to give the practical information and illustrations that will enable the busy practitioner to apply theory, and, sitting at the bedside, write pre- scriptions for the well-known medicinal agents in a way that will reflect credit on himself and serve the best interest of the patient. Drugs that are seldom prescribed are not discussed in detail. While this is not intended as a work on therapeutics, the pre- scriptions given are selected from many thousands and are, with few exceptions, formulae that are of tried therapeutic merit. The thera- peutic indications in the index are arranged to convert this part of the work into a formulary of considerable scope. Effort has been made to have each prescription correct from every standpoint, and so given that it can be transcribed on a pre- scription blank, letter for letter, and sent to the drug-store — a docu- ment above criticism. (7) PART I. Materia Medica. ACACIA. Latin, Acacia (Gen., Acacise). Eng., Acacia. Synonym, Gum Arabic. A gummy exudation from Acacia Senegal, a tree growing in Africa. Form. — A gummy solid substance that is marketed in the form of translucent masses (tears), granular powder or fine, white powder. The granular form is the most convenient for general use. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Soluble in water ; insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Should not be prescribed with strongly alco- holic liquids, ammonia, lead subacetate, solutions of ferric salts, or sodium borate. Dose. — Ad libitum. Official Preparations. Mucilago Acaciae (Gen., Mucilaginis Acaciae). Eng., Mucilage of Acacia. Acacia, 340 Gm.; Lime-water, 330 Gm.; Water, to make 1000 Gm. Syrupus Acaciae (Gen., Syrupi Acacise). Eng., Syrup of Acacia. Acacia, 100 Gm. ; Sugar, 800 Gm. ; Distilled Water, to make 1000 Cc. Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent. Uses. — Chiefly used to give viscosity or body to liquids, so that after shaking the bottle insoluble matter will remain sus- pended long enough for a dose to be poured out before it settles. It is also a favorite emulsifying agent and is sometimes used for its demulcent properties. Administration. — The following will illustrate some common modes of prescribing : In the treatment of stomatitis (child 3 years old) : Ri or Potas. Chloratis gr. xxiv 1 Tinct. Myrrhse -n^x Syr. Acacise f3ij 30 Aquae q. s. f Sii j 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 50 65 00 00 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. (9) 10 ACETANILIDUM. In the treatment of the diarrhea of typhoid fever : Ifci or Bismuthi Subnit gr. clx 10 Phenolis Liq iTL v nJ Tinct. Opii Deod f3j 4 Mucil. Acacise fSj 30 Aquas q. s. f 3iv 120 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every three hours. In the treatment of acute bronchitis : I£2 or Terebeni f 3ij 8 Creosoti f3ss 2 Acacise q. s. Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. £5iij 90 M. ft. emul. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. ACETANILIDUM. / Latin, Acetanilidum (Gen., Acetanilidi). Eng., Acetanilide. Synonym, Antifebrin. Formula, C 8 H 9 NO. A derivative of aniline. Form. — Shining, crystalline laminae or crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost tasteless. Solubility. — In 179 parts of water or in 2.5 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alkaline bromides and iodides in aqueous solu- tions, chloroform., hydrated chloral, phenol, resorcin, thymol, spirit of nitrous ether. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Preparation. Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus (Gen., Pulveris Acetanilidi Compositi). Eng., Compound Acetanilide Powder. Acetanilide, 70 Gm. ; Caffeine, 10 Gm. ; Sodium Bicarbonate, 20 Gm. Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Analgesic, antipyretic, antiseptic. Uses. — At one time acetanilide was the principal constituent of most proprietary headache remedies. The present require- ments of the federal and State drug laws and the press campaign 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 2 Ibid. ACETAXILIDUM. 11 against it have now largely restricted its employment in pro- prietaries. Its chief use by the profession is in the treatment of certain forms of headache. Sometimes used to reduce fever and in antiseptic dusting powders and ointments. Toxicology. — Poisoning by the coal-tar antipyretics is usually diagnosed by the history of an excessive amount of headache medicine having been taken. Some of the symptoms are : cya- nosis ; cold, moist skin ; weak pulse ; general depression. There may be a skin eruption. Treatment consists in emptying the stomach and stimulating, usually by ammonia, caffeine, strych- nine, digitalis, etc. The patient should be kept warm. Administration. — Acetanilide is usually prescribed in cap- sules or powders. The following illustrates some of the best combinations for administering the drug: 3 Pulv. Acetanilidi Co 3ss Ft. cht. no. iv. Sig. — One every three hours until relieved. or The following has been recommended for headache Bi or Acetanilidi gr. lxxij Caffeinse Citratae, Camphoras Monobromatae aa. gr. xij Sodii bicarbonatis gr. xlviij M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. 50 75 00 In the treatment of postanesthetic vomiting: R2 or Cocainse Hydrochlor gr. j Acetanilidi gr. x Cerii Oxalatis gr. xx M. ft. cht. no. iv. Sig. — One every two hours when indicated. [065 |650 1!300 Acetanilide is sometimes ordered in aromatic spirit of am- monia, as in the following, which has been extensively used for headache, nervousness, hiccough, etc., particularly when fol- lowing alcoholism : i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 12 ACETANILIDUM. B or Acetanilidi 3ss 2 Spir. Ammon. Arom f3iv 15 Caffeinae Citratae gr. xvj 1 Sodii bromidi gr. Ixxx 5 Elix. Aromatici q. s. f 3i j 60 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours until relieved. This is written in the order in which it should be prepared by the compounder. Acetanilide is sometimes prescribed in suspension, as in the following, which has been employed in the beginning of colds : B or Pulv. Acetan. Co gr. xxx 2 Ammonii Carb gr. xxiv 1 5 Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3j 4 Spir. Vini Gallici f&j 60 Syr. Tolutani q. s. f 3ii j 90 M. Sig.— "Shake." Tablespoonful in water every three hours until relieved. The preparation does not present a very elegant appearance, but seems clinically of value. Compressed tablets are kept by pharmacists, containing from 2 to 5 grains of the drug, either alone or with agents, as citrated caffeine, etc. They are often very hard and undesirable. Acetanilide is sometimes used with other agents in dusting powders, as : B or Acetanilidi Pulv 3j 4| Acidi Borici 3ij 81 Amyli q. s. 5j 30| M. tere bene. Sig. — Apply as directed. Some ointments are shown in the following: In the treatment of erythema : $i or Acetanilidi, gr. xxx 2 Acidi Borici gr. xx 13 Adipis Lanse Hyd Bss 15 Ung. Aquae Rosae , . q. s. Bj 30 M. Sig. — Apply thin several times daily. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. ACETONUM. ACETUM. ACETPHENETIDINUM. 13 As a bland ointment in the treatment of comedo Ri or Acetanilidi gr. xx Bismuthi Subnit 3j Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. 3j M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of erythema scarlatiniforme : 1*2 or Cocainse Hydrochlor gr. iv Acetanilidi gr. xx Zinci Oxidi 3iss Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sij M. Sig. — Apply thin on a cloth. 1 4 30 2 1 6 60 ACETONUM. Latin, Acetonum (Gen., Acetoni). Eng., Acetone. A colorless liquid containing not less than 99 per cent, by weight of absolute Acetone. Therapeutic Action. — Said to be anesthetic and hypnotic. Uses. — Acetone is extensively used in pharmaceutical manu- facturing, but is not often a prescription ingredient. ACETUM— Vinegar. The official vinegars are solutions of medicinal substances in diluted acetic acid. They are seldom prescribed. The following are official : Acetum Opii. — See Opium. Acetum Scillae. — See Scilla. ACETPHENETIDINUM. Latin, Acetphenetidinum (Gen., Acetphenetidini). Eng., Acet- phenetidin. Synonym, Phenacetin. Formula, C10H13NO2. A phenol derivative. Form. — White, crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — In 925 parts of water or 12 parts of alcohol. 1 Ohruann-Duniesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. 14 ACETPHENETIDINUM. Incompatibles. — Hydrated chloral, iodine, phenol, salicylic acid, and oxidizing agents. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Analgesic, antipyretic, sedative. Uses. — Extensively employed for the relief of headache. Used in the treatment of colds, "grip," tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc., either to relieve pain or reduce temperature or both. Sometimes used for nervousness. It is considered safer than acetanilide. Administration, — Owing to the lack of odor and taste and its limited solubility it is prescribed almost exclusively in capsules or powders. Acetphenetidin when used alone may be ordered as : 3 Acetphenetidini '3ss Ft. cht. no. iv. Sig. — One every three hours until relieved. or In the treatment of coryza : Ifci or Acetphenetidini gr. xxxvj Phenylis Salicyl 3j M. ft. cht. no. xij. Sig. — One every two hours. In the treatment of influenza : B2 or Caffeinae Citratse gr. x Camphorae gr. x Acetphenetidini gr. xxx M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One every two hours. Used in the treatment of influenza : $3 or Acetphenetidini, Phenylis Salicyl aa. gr. xlv Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. viij M. ft. cap. no. xv. Sig. — One every three hours. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 3 Ibid. 2|5 410 65 65 00 ACIDUM ACETICUM. ACIDUM BORICUM. 15 In the treatment of migraine : IM or Caffeinae Citratse gr. v |32 Camphorse Monobromatae gr. xx 1 130 Acetphenetidini gr. xx 1 130 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One every two hours until relieved. ACIDUM ACETICUM. Latin^ Acidum Aceticum (Gen., Acidi Acetici). Eng., Acetic Acid. Formula, HC2H3O2. A colorless liquid containing not less than 36 per cent, by weight of absolute Acetic Acid. Acidum Aceticum Dilutum. — Eng., Diluted Acetic Acid. A colorless liquid containing not less than 6 per cent, by weight of absolute Acetic Acid. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Acidum Aceticum Glaciale. — Eng., Glacial Acetic Acid. A colorless liquid containing not less than 99 per cent, by weight of absolute Acetic Acid. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent, refrigerant, irri- tant, caustic. Uses. — The acetic acids are not often prescribed as such. They are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing as reagents, and sometimes in the treatment of local conditions, as ulcers, new growths, etc. Seldom prescribed. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. See Benzoin, p. 84. ACIDUM BORICUM. Latin, Acidum Boricum (Gen., Acidi Borici). Eng., Boric Acid. Synonym, Boracic Acid. Formula, H3BO3. Form. — May be in scales or crystals, but usually a light, white, very fine powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost tasteless. Solubility. — In 18 parts of water, 153 parts of alcohol, and 4.6 parts of glycerin. Incompatibles. — Alkali hydroxides and carbonates. Average Dose. — 7]/ 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 16 ACIDUM BORICUM. Official Preparations. Glyceritum Boroglycerini (Gen., Glyceriti Boroglycerini). Eng., Glycer- ite of Boroglycerin. Synonym, Solution of Boroglyceride. Boric Acid, 310 Gm.; Glycerin, to make 1000 Gm. Liquor Anticepticus (Gen., Liquoris Antiseptici). Eng., Antiseptic Solu- tion. Boric Acid, 20 Gm. ; Benzoic Acid, 1 Gm. ; Thymol, 1 Gm. ; Eucalyptol, 0.25 Cc; Oil of Peppermint, 0.50 Cc; Oil of Gaultheria, 0.25 Cc; Oil of Thyme, 0.10 Cc; Alcohol, 250 Cc; Purified Talc, 20 Gm.; Water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Unguentum Acidi Borici (Gen., Unguenti Acidi Borici). Eng., Oint- ment of Boric Acid. Boric Acid, 100 Gm.; Paraffin, 100 Gm.; White Petrolatum, 800 Gm. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, mild germicide, and urinary antiseptic. Uses. — Boric acid, by mouth or irrigation, is used in the treat- ment of gonorrhea, cystitis, and some other conditions of the urinary tract, particularly when it is desired to increase the acidity of the urine. It is used as a wash for eye troubles, sores, etc. In the form of the boroglyceride tampons it is employed in vaginitis, metritis, etc. In ointments or dusting powders it is used for sores, dermatitis, prickly heat, and many other super- ficial conditions. It enters into many mouth-washes, nasal sprays, antiseptic solutions, etc., that are employed in the treat- ment of nasal catarrh, rhinitis, stomatitis, pyorrhea, etc. Administration. — Boric acid is frequently prescribed in solu- tion. The following will illustrate : The so-called "saturated solution" is probably best ordered as $ or Acidi Borici 3iss 6 Aquae Dest q. s. f 3iv 120 M. ft. sol. Sig. — Apply as directed. In rendering the urine more acid : Ri or Acidi Benzoici 3ij 8 Acidi Borici 3iij 12 Aquae Cinnamomi fBxij 360 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. lAshton: Practice of Gynecology. ACIDUM BORICUM. 17 In the treatment of gonorrhea : I*i or Acidi Borici, Sodii Bromidi aa. gr. clx 10 Tinct. Belladon. Fol fSj 4 Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. f Sviij 240 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. As a mouth- wash in pyorrhoea alveolaris : $2 or Acidi Borici 3j 4|00 Phenolis Liq nixij |75 Glycerini f3j 4|00 Aquae Mentha? Pip q. s. f 5vj 180|00 M. Sig. — Use as a mouth-wash. In the treatment of miliaria : R3 or Phenolis, gr. xv 1 Acidi Borici '3ij 8 Glycerini f 3ss 2 Alcoholis fgj 30 Aquae q. s. fSvii j 240 M. Sig. — Apply locally. The following illustrates its use in dusting powders : As dusting powder in the treatment of "prickly heat" : B or Acidi Salicylici gr. xv 1 Acidi Borici 3ij 8 Zinci Oxidi 3iv 15 Amyli q. s. Bi j 60 M. tere bene simul. Sig. — Apply as directed. This is best applied by putting the powder in a cloth bag and patting the affected parts with it several times a day, particularly after each bath. 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 3 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 2 18 ACIDUM CITRICUM. As a dusting powder in the treatment of hyperhidrosis: Ri or Acidi Salicyl. Pulv gr. xx 1 13 Acidi Borici Pulv 3v 19|0 Zinci Oxidi Pulv 3iij 12|0 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. It is often used in ointments. Some combinations are shown in the following : In the treatment of ecthyma : R2 or Acidi Borici gr. x |65 Bismuthi Subnit 3j 4|00 Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 130 Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j 30JOO M. Sig. — Apply on a cloth twice a day. In the treatment of erythema : 1*3 or Acetanalidi gr. xxx 2 Acidi Borici gr. xx 1 Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 3j 30 M. Sig. — Apply thin several times daily. The following is frequently employed on vaginal tampons Ichthyolis fSiy Glyc. Boroglycerini f&iv M. Sig. — For office use. ACIDUM CAMPHORICUM. See Camphor, p. 105. ACIDUM CITRICUM. Latin, Acidum Citricum (Gen., Acidi Citrici). Eng., Citric Acid. Formula, H 3 C 6 H 5 7 + H 2 0. An organic acid usually prepared from the juice of limes or lemons. 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 3 Ibid. ACIDUM CITRICUM. 19 Form. — Colorless crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and an agreeable acid taste. Solubility. — In 0.54 part of water and in 1.55 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Should not be prescribed in dry form or with alkaline acetates, carbonates, sulphides, tartrates, or mineral acids. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparations. Citric acid is used in the preparation of many effervescing preparations, solutions, syrups, etc. The effect is usually sought by prescribing the citrates. Therapeutic Action. — Refrigerant, antiscorbutic, mild laxative, and systemic alkalinizer. Uses. — Citric acid is seldom employed as such by the physician. Its uses are more fully discussed under Citrates and Limonis Succus. Official Citrates. LITHII CITRAS (Gen., Lithii Citratis). Eng., Lithium Citrate. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a cooling, alkaline taste. Solubility. — In about 2 parts of water; almost insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alcohol, carbonates, lead acetate, silver nitrate. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). POTASSII CITRAS (Gen., Potassii Citratis^. Eng., Potassium Citrate. Formula, K3C6H5O7 + H 2 0. Form. — Transparent crystals or white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a cooling, saline taste. Solubility. — In about 0.5 part of water: sparingly soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alcohol, lead acetate, potassium permanganate in acid solution, silver nitrate. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Preparations. Potassii Citras Effervescens. Eng., Effervescent Potassium Citrate. A fine white, odorless, soluble powder, containing 20 per cent of the salt with sodium bicarbonate and citric and tartaric acids. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Liquor Potassii Citratis. Eng., Solution of Potassium Citrate. A colorless, odorless liquid containing about 8 per cent, of potassium citrate with small amounts of citric and carbonic acids. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). SODII CITRAS (Gen., Sodii Citratis). Eng., Sodium Citrate. For- mula, Xa 3 C6H 5 07 + 11 HoO. Form. — A white, granular powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a cooling, saline taste. 20 ACIDUM CITRICUM. Solubility. — In 1.1 parts of water, slightly soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alcohol, lead acetate, silver nitrate. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). BISMUTHI CITRAS.— See Bismuth, p. 89. BISMUTHI ET AMMONII CITRAS.— See Bismuth, p. 89. FERRI CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. FERRI ET AMMONII CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. FERRI ET QUININiE CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS SOLUBILIS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. FERRI ET STRYCHNINE CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. Therapeutic Action. — Said to be mildly diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, refrigerant, alkalinizer. Uses. — The real value of the citrates in medicine seems to be very poorly established, some using them extensively and claiming much, and others placing no reliance in them at all. They are prescribed as such or as the "solution of potassium citrate" in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, etc., particularly when it is desired to render the urine less acid. They are also still used in the treatment of renal or cystic calculi, gout, and rheumatism. They are largely used in cough and fever mixtures, particularly for colds, influenza, bronchitis, and pneumonia. They have been recom- mended to lessen coagulability in the early stages of pneumonia, and late in typhoid fever. Sodium citrate is quite extensively em- ployed in infant feeding to prevent the formation of hard curds from milk. Administration. — The citrates of lithium, potassium, and sodium are the salts used for the citric acid radical. They are somewhat deliquescent, so are not prescribed in powders. The doses are rather large for capsules. Their solubility and freedom from odor or unpleasant taste render them well suited to administration in aqueous solution, which is the usual method of employment. The lithium citrate is on the market in 3- and 5- grain tablets, put up 40 to the bottle. They are frequently prescribed and should always be ordered in this number, so that the original bottle may be dispensed. Lithium citrate tablets are often prescribed for rheuma- tism, genito-urinary disturbances, etc. Tab. Lithii Cit. (gr. v) no. xl. Sig. — One in a glass of water every four hours. Some prescriptions showing the usual employment of citrates are shown in the following: ACIDUM CITRICUM. 21 For cough, bronchitis, etc. (child four years old) : $ or Potassii Citratis gr. lxxx 5 Spir. yEtheris Nit f3ij 8 Syr. Ipecacuanha? f 3ss 2 Syr. Limonis f3iv 15 Aquae q. s. f Sij 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. In the treatment of cough : Ri or Codeinae Sulphatis gr. iss |1 Potassii Citratis '3ij 8|0 Syr. Tolutani fSj 30|0 Aquae q. s. fSiij 90|0 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. In the treatment of the cough of measles : $2 Potassii Citratis 3ss Limonis Succi f Bj Tinct. Opii Camph f3ij Syr. Ipecacuanhas f3ij Syr. Tolutani q. s. f Si j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. or 15| 301 601 Something like the following has been suggested in the effort to abort pneumonia : n or Sodii Citratis Sj 30| Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f£iij 90 1 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. In the treatment of gonorrhea : 1*3 or Acidi Borici, Sodii Bromidi aa.gr. clx 101 Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3j 4| Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. f§viij 240| M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 3 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 22 ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. Used as an antipyretic in the acute diseases of childhood, as measles, scarlatina, bronchitis, etc. : I£i or Tinct. Aconiti HT.xvj 1 Spir. iEtheris Nit fSiij 12 Liq. Potassii Cit ££j 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. ACIDUM GALLICUM. Latin, Acidum Gallicum (Gen., Acidi Gallici). Eng., Gallic Acid. An organic acid usually prepared from tannic acid. Form. — White or pale fawn-colored needles or prisms. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; an astringent and slightly acidulous taste. Solubility. — In about 85 parts of water or 4.14 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic ; also classed as a haemostatic. Uses. — Gallic acid is now seldom employed in treatment. Bismuth subgallate is discussed elsewhere. ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM DILUTUM. See Iodum, p. 200. ACIDUM HYDROBROMICUM DILUTUM. See Bromum, p. 94. ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. Latin, Acidum Hydrochloricum (Gen., Acidi Hydrochlorici). Eng., Hydrochloric Acid. Synonym, Muriatic Acid. Form. — A colorless liquid, containing 31.9 per cent, by weight of absolute Hydrochloric Acid and 68.1 per cent, of water. Odor and Taste. — Pungent odor which disappears on diluting. Intensely acid taste. Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water or alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alkaline carbonates, chlorates, permanganates, silver salts, lead salts, tartar emetic, alcohol, ether, carbohydrates, sulphur, etc. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 23 Official Preparation. Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum (Gen., Acidi Hydrochlorici Diluti). Eng., Diluted Hydrochloric Acid. Synonym, Diluted Muriatic Acid. A colorless liquid containing 10 per cent, by weight of absolute Hydro- chloric Acid and 90 per cent, of water. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Hydrochloric Acid is also contained in some other preparations, as Liquor Acidi Arsenosi and Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. Therapeutic Action. — Aids digestion. Uses. — The diluted acid is extensively used, either alone or in combination, in the treatment of indigestion, where there is a defi- ciency of normal gastric secretion. Sometimes used in tonic and stomachic preparations. Administration. — The Diluted Hydrochloric Acid is the prep- aration usually employed. When it is desired to give hydrochloric acid alone, it may be ordered as: n or Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil ££j 60 1 Sig. — Fifteen (15) drops in water after meals. Or: B or Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil fSj 30 Aquae q. s. f5iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. In combination with other digestive agents it may be ordered as : 3 or Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil fSj 30 1 Liq. Pepsini Arom. (N. F.) q. s. fSviij 2401 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. Elix. Digest. Co. may be used instead of the Liq. Pepsini Arom. in the above. In combination as a digestant : $ or Pepsini 3ij 8| Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, Glycerini aa. f Hj 30 1 Aquae q. s. fSvj 1801 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 24 ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. Or: R 1 . or Pepsini '3j Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil. f3iv Strychninae Sulph gr. ss Glycerini f5ss Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. fSiij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 4|00 15|00 |03 15|00 90100 In the treatment of anemia : Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f 3-j Tinct. Ferri Chlor., Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., Syrupi aa. f 3iv Aquae q. s. f 3v j M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. or 8 180 065 000 000 000 ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM. Latin, Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum (Gen., Acidi Hydro- cyanici Diluti). Eng., Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid. Synonym, Di- luted Prussic Acid. A colorless liquid composed of not less than 2 per cent, of absolute Hydrocyanic Acid and about 98 per cent, of water. Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Sedative and local anaesthetic. Uses. — Hydrocyanic acid as such is seldom used in medicine. Internally it is sometimes used to allay cough or nausea. Externally it is used to allay itching. Seldom prescribed as such, except by dermatologists. ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. Latin, Acidum Hypophosphorosum (Gen., Acidi Hypophos- phorosi). Eng., Hypophosphorous Acid. Formula, HPH 2 2 . A colorless liquid composed of 30 per cent, by weight of absolute Hypophosphorous Acid and 70 per cent, of water. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 25 Official Preparation. Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. Eng., Diluted Hypophosphor- ous Acid. A colorless liquid composed of 10 per cent, by weight of absolute Hypophosphorous Acid and 90 per cent, of water. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid is used in the syrup of ferrous iodide. Official Hypophosphites and Preparations. Incompatibles. — Arsenic salts, bromine, bromates, chlorine and chlorates, chromates, copper salts, ferric salts, iodine and iodates, nitric acid, perman- ganate, sulphuric and sulphurous acids. CALCII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Calcium Hypophosphite. For- mula, Ca(PH 2 2 )2. Form. — Colorless prisms, scales or white crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, a nauseous, bitter taste. Solubility. — In 6.5 parts of water; insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). FERRI HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Ferric Hypophosphite. Formula, Fe(PH 2 2 )3. Form. — A white or grayish-white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless. Solubility. — In 2300 parts of water; more readily soluble in the presence of hypophosphorous acid or in a warm, concentrated solution of an alkali citrate. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). MANGANI HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Manganese Hypophosphite. Formula, Mn(PH 2 2 ) 2 . Form. — A pink, crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless. Solubility. — In 6.6 parts of water; almost insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Potassium Hypophosphite. Formula, KPH 2 2 . Form. — White plates, masses or granular powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a pungent saline taste. Solubility. — In 0.5 part of water or 7 perts of alcohol; deliquescent. Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). SODII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Sodium Hypophosphite. Formula, NaPH 2 2 . Form. — Colorless plates or white granular powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless ; a bitterish-sweet, saline taste. Solubility. — In about 1 part of water or 25 parts of alcohol; deliquescent. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Syrupus Hypophosphitum. Eng., Syrup of Hypophosphites. Calcium Hypophosphite, 45 Gm.; Potassium Hypophosphite, 15 Gm.; Sodium 26 ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. Hypophosphite, 15 Gm.; Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid, 2 Gm.; Tincture of Fresh Lemon Peel. 5 Cc.; Sugar. 650 Gul; Water, to make 1000 C Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus. Eng.. Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites. Calcium Hypophosphite. 35 Gm,; Potassium Hypo- phosphite. 17.50 Gm.; Sodium Hypophosphite, 17.50 Gm.; Ferric Hypo- phosphite. 2_25 Gm.; Manganese Hypophosphitr 2 _ : Sm.: Quinine, 1.10 Gm.: Strychnine, 0.115 Gul; Sodium Citrate, 3.75 Gm.; Diluted Hypophos- phorous Acid. 15 Cc: Sugar. 775 Gm.; Water, to make 1000 Cc : .rage Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). The Hypophosphites of Calcium, Potassium and Sodium are contained in the Emulsion of Codliver Oil with Hypophosphite? p. 238). Unofficial Preparations. Potassium Glycerophosphas (Potassium Glycerophosphate) and Sodii Glycerophosphas (Sodium Glycerophosphate) are white powders so hygroscopic that they usually appear in commerce in the form of solu- tions only. The Glycerophosphates of Calcium, Iron, Lithium and Mag- nesium are white soluble powders. The doses are the same as for cor- responding hypophosphites. These salts may also be obtained in the unofficial Compound Syrup of Glycerophosphates or Compound Solution of Glycerophosphates. Therapeutic Action. — Tonic. Uses. — The value of these preparations is seriously ques- tioned, but they have been, and still are. extensively used for general debility, neurasthenia, hysteria, phthisis, convalescence from hausting fevers, etc. It is possible that the good results claimed are due to the fact that the compound syrup is usually employed and that contains strychnine and quinine in addition to the metallic hypo- phosphites. or glycerophosphate Administration. — The Hypophosphites are most frequently prescribed in the form of the Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites. which is either ordered alone or with other agents as additional S I . chnine or the Tincture of Xux Vomica. The Emulsion of Cod- liver Oil with Hypophosphites is also a favorite form for adminis- tration. Many claim that there is no advantage from a combination found in the syrups, and prefer to prescribe one or two alone. Calcium Hypophosphite seems to be the salt of choice under these circumstances. Many prescribers now prefer the unofficial Glycero- phosphates, either using one alone, as that of Calcium or Sodium, or ordering the Compound Syrup or the Compound Solution. The hypophosphites may be ordered R or Hypophos. Co : oviij _-" Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. ACIDUM LACTICUM. ACIDUM NITRICUM. 27 Or: J $ or Tinct. Nucis Vomicae fSj 301 Syr. Hypophos. Co q. s. flviij 2401 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. A popular remedy particularly in phthisis, chronic bronchitis, etc. : H or Emul. 01. Morrh. cum Hypophos Oj 4801 Sig.— "Shake." Tablespoonful after meals. ACIDUM LACTICUM. Latin, Acidum Lacticum (Gen., Acidi Lactici). Eng., Lactic Acid. Formula, HC3H5O3. A colorless liquid containing not less than 75 per cent, by weight of absolute Lactic Acid. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Co.). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, irritant, caustic, antiseptic. Uses. — Sometimes used for the local lesions of diphtheria, scarlatina, tubercular laryngitis, etc. Seldom prescribed. ACIDUM NITRICUM. Latin, Acidum Nitricum (Gen., Acidi Nitrici). Eng., Nitric Acid. Synonym, Aqua Fortis. Formula, HNO3. A colorless liquid composed of 68 per cent, by weight of absolute Nitric Acid and 32 per cent, water. Official Preparation. Acidum Nitricum Dilutum. Eng., Diluted Nitric Acid. A colorless liquid containing 10 per cent, by weight of absolute Nitric Acid and 90 per cent, of water. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Caustic. Uses. — Nitric acid is used as a caustic to remove warts and other small growths, and to cauterize ulcers, particularly chancre and chancroid. 2$ ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. ACIDUM NITROHYDROCHLORICUM. Latin. Acidum Xitrohydrochloricum (Gen., Acidi Xitrohydro- chlorici). Eng.. Xitrohydrochloric Acid. Synonyms. Xitromuriatic Acid. Aqua Regia. Xitric acid, 180 Cc. ; hydrochloric acid. 820 Cc. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.V Official Preparation. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. Eng., Diluted Xitrohydro- chloric Acid. Xitric Acid. 40 Cc: Hydrochloric Acid. 182 Cc; Distilled Water. 780 Cc. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, caustic, cholagogue. Uses. — Employed in gastric and intestinal indigestion, chronic diarrhea, hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, furunculosis. etc. Administration. — These, if prescribed, are usually ordered alone. They should be well diluted when taken. ACIDUM OLEICUM. Latin. Acidum Oleicum i Gen.. Acidi Oleici). Eng., Oleic Acid. Formula. HCisH 33 0o. A yellowish or brownish-yellow oily liquid. ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. Latin. Acidum Phosphoricum (Gen.. Acidi Phosphoricn. Eng.. Phosphoric Acid. Svnonvm. Svrupv Phosphoric Acid. Formula. H 3 P0 4 . Form. — A liquid composed of 85 per cent, by weight of absolute Orthophosphoric Acid and 15 per cent, of water. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and strongly acid taste. Solubility. — Miscible with water or alcohol in all proportions. Iueompatibles. — Practically all metallic salts except those of the alkali metals. Official Preparation. Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum (Gen.. Acidi Phosphorici DilutVt. Eng.. Diluted Phosphoric Acid. A liquid composed of 10 per cent, by weight of Absolute Orthophosphoric Acid and 90 per cent. Water. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Phosphoric Acid is also contained in some other preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as a tonic and altera- tive. ACIDUM PICRICUM. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 29 Uses. — Sometimes employed in tonic preparations, particu- larly for conditions characterized by loss of appetite, indigestion, etc. Administration. — The following will illustrate the method of employing the drug: 3 or Acidi Phosph. Dil., Tinct. Ferri Chlor., Tinct. Nucis Vom aa. f 5j 30 Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. fgvj 180| M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. ACIDUM PICRICUM. (Not Official.) Latin, Acidum Picricum (Gen., Acidi Picrici). Eng., Picric Acid. Form. — Pale-yellow crystals. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless; disagreeable, burning taste. Solubility. — In 170 parts of water, or 10 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Most other substances, particularly those easily oxidized; alum, gelatin, alkaloids, sulphur, phosphorus, etc. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide. Uses. — The use oi this drug is now confined almost exclu- sively to the wet dressing of burns. Administration. — Picric Acid is usually prescribed in solution alone. As a dressing, particularly for burns, it may be ordered as follows : $ or Acidi Picrici gr. xl 2|5 Alcoholis f§ss 15 JO Aquas Dest q. s. fSviij 240|0 M. Sig. — Saturate dressing and apply as directed. It stains tissues a deep yellow which gradually wears off in a few days. Toxic symptoms have developed from the use of too strong a solution. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. Latin, Acidum Salicylicum (Gen., Acidi Salicylici). Eng., Sali- cylic Acid. Formula, HC7H5O3. Form. — Fine, white needles or crystalline powder. 30 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and having a sweetish, after- ward acrid taste. Incompatibles. — Spirit of nitrous ether, lead and iron salts, iodides, etc. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, antirheumatic, antipyretic. Uses. — Sometimes employed internally in the treatment of rheumatism. Locally — used for the removal of corns, etc. ; also to remove the superficial layers of the skin and in the treatment of various skin diseases, as eczema, dermatitis, pruritus, and prickly heat. It is a common constituent of powders for dressing the cord stump of the newborn. Administration. — Internally. Salicylic Acid is now not often prescribed in this way, but effect is obtained by use of salicylates. When the acid is given as such it is usually ordered in capsules of 5 grains each. It is often prescribed with sodium bicarbonate to make fresh sodium salicylate. (See p. 33.) Externally — Salicylic Acid is used in solution, powder and ointment : In the treatment of corns : ft or Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 1 13 Ext. Cannabis Ind gr. xx 1 13 Olei Ricini f3ss 2|0 Collodii Flex q. s. f3iv 15|0 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of diabetic vulvitis : R 1 or Acidi Salicylici gr. x 165 Petrolati q. s. Sj 30(00 M. tere bene. Sig. — Use locally. As a dressing for the stump of the cord in obstetrical work : R or Acidi Salicylici gr. xv 1 Amyli q. s. 3iv 15 M. et tere bene. Sig. — For dressing umbilicus. iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 31 This is usually applied freely when cord is first dressed and is not removed until the stump of the cord separates. In the treatment of psoriasis : Ri or Chrysarobini '3j 4|0 Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 1 13 yEtheris f3j 4|0 Olei Ricini TTtx |6 Collodii q. s. f'5ss 15 10 M. Sig. — Paint on affected parts. As a dusting powder, as in the treatment of prickly heat : Acidi Salicylici gr. xv Acidi Borici 3j Zinci Oxidi 3ij Amyli q. s. Si j M. Sig. — Apply as directed. This is best applied by putting in a cloth bag and patting the affected parts with it, particularly after bathing. As a dusting powder in the treatment of hyperidrosis : $2 or Acidi Salicyl. Pulv gr. xx 1 13 Acidi Borici Pulv., 3v 19|0 Zinci Oxidi Pulv Siij 12|0 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In an ointment, as in the treatment of dermatitis from drugs, poison ivy, etc. : $ or Acidi Salicylici gr. x |6 Ung. Zinci Oxidi 3ij 8|0 Amyli 3j 4|0 Adipis Lanae Hyd 3ij 8|0 Petrolati -. q. s. Sj 30|0 M. Sig. — Apply freely as directed. 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. 32 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. Official Salicylates. Incompatibles of Salicylates. — Hydrobromic acid, mineral acids, ferric salts, lead acetate, lime-water, quinine salts (in solution), spirit of nitrous ether, silver nitrate (in solution), sodium phosphate (in powder). AMMONII SALICYLAS (Gen., Ammonii Salicylatis). Eng., Am- monium Salicylate. Formula, XH4C7H5O3. Form — Colorless prisms ; plates or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a slight saline, bitter taste, with a sweetish after-taste. Solubility. — In 0.9 part of water or 2.3 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). LITHII SALICYLAS (Gen., Lithii Salicylatis). Eng., Lithium Salicylate. Formula, LiCvHsOs. Form. — A white or grayish-white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sweetish taste. Solubility. — Very soluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). SODII SALICYLAS (Gen., Sodii Salicylatis). Eng., Sodium Salicy- late. Formula, NaCyHsOs. Form. — A white powder or having not more than a faint pink tinge. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sweetish saline taste. Solubility. — In 0.8 part of water or 5.5 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). STRONTII SALICYLAS (Gen., Strontii Salicylatis). Eng., Stron- tium Salicylate. Formula, S^CtHsOs^ + 2 H2O. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sweetish saline taste. Solubility. — In 18 parts of water or 66 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, antirheumatic and anti- septic. Uses. — Extensively used in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, tonsillitis, and kindred conditions, as endocarditis and chorea, and for neuralgia. Recommended for iritis and various other eye conditions. Sometimes used for goiter. Administration. — It will be noted that these salts are prac- tically white, odorless powders with a sweetish taste and, with the exception of Strontium, they are freely soluble in water. They are usually prescribed in solution or capsules, either alone or with other agents. The sweetish taste is rather nauseating to some patients. Many consider it desirable to instruct the patient to take an equal amount of Sodium Bicarbonate with or just preceding each dose of a salicylate. Not more than 5 or 6 grains of a salicylate should usu- ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 33 ally be ordered to each capsule. Sodium Salicylate is by far the most commonly used of these salts. For administering the drug alone the following method is a desirable one : 3 or Sodii Salicylatis 3v 20| Elix. Aromatici q. s. fBij 601 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted every four hours. Used in the treatment of rheumatism : Bi or Sodii Salicylatis 5ss 15| Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. fSiv 120 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls well diluted every two hours. I* or Acidi Salicylici gr. clx 10| Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. cxx 81 Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. f3iv 1201 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours. This gives a slightly alkaline solution containing about 20 grains of sodium salicylate to the tablespoonful. It should not be dis- pensed till after standing about one hour. More sodium bicarbonate can be used if desired. The "natural" or "true" salt from the oil of wintergreen may be prescribed as follows : B or Sodii Salicylatis (O.W.) 3v 20 1 Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. f3ij 60| M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours. Or: I* or Acidi Salicylici (O.W.) gr. clx 10| Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. cxx 8| Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. f5iv 120| M. Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 3 34 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. In the treatment of rheumatism, tonsillitis, endocarditis, etc. : R or Sodii Salicylatis, Sodii Bicarbonatis aa. gr. clx 10 Spir. Chloroformi f 3ij 8 Syrupi f 3iv 15 Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f.5iv 120 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every three hours until effect. The patient is instructed to discontinue for that day when ring- ing in the ears, dizziness, etc. develop. , In the treatment of rheumatism, gout, etc. : $ or Lithii Salicylatis 3iv 15 1 Sodii Bicarbonatis 3ij 8| Vin. Colchici Sem f3iv 15| Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fSij 60] M. Sig. — Teaspoonful ever}- four hours. BISMUTHI SALICYLAS.— See Bismuth, p. 89 PHYSOSTIGMIN^: SALICYLAS.— See Physostigma, p. 262. QUININE SALICYLAS.— See Cinchona, p. 125. PHENYLIS SALICYLAS (Gen., Phenylis Salicylatis). Eng., Phenyl Salicylate. Synonym, Salol. Formula, C13H10O3. Form. — A white crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — A faint aromatic odor and a slight but characteristic taste. Solubility. — In 2333 parts of water or 5 parts of alcohol. Very soluble in ether, chloroform or oils. Incompatibles. — Liquefies when triturated with camphor, phenol, hydrated chloral, thymol. Also general incompatibles of other salicylates. Average Dose. — 7]/ 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antirheumatic, intestinal antiseptic, anthelmintic, analgesic, antipyretic. Uses. — Extensively employed as an intestinal antiseptic in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, etc., and intes- tinal parasites. Recommended in the treatment of gonorrhea, cys- titis, and other genito-urinary conditions. Sometimes employed where salicylates are indicated, as for rheumatism, tonsillitis, etc. Administration. — Phenyl Salicylate is often prescribed alone in capsules, but this is rather undesirable, as it is so nearly insoluble that concretions of the drug are apt to result after the gelatin of the capsule has been dissolved. A thoroughly agreeable way of adminis- ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 35 tering is in powders, as the drug is so nearly odorless and tasteless. As it is readily soluble in oils it may be dissolved in olive oil and taken that way or the oil made into an emulsion. The drug must be given with some caution on account of the Phenol content. When given alone Phenyl Salicylate is best given in powders, as : R or Phenylis Salicylatis 3-i j 8| Ft. cht. no. xij. Sig. — One every four hours. Or it may be ordered in suspension, as : Phenyl. Salicl 3ij Muc. Acaciae f 3iv Syr. Limonis q. s. f Sij M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every four hours. Used in the treatment of influenza : $1 or Phenylis Salicylatis, Acetphenetidini aa. gr. xlv 3 JO Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii gr. viij [5 M. ft. cap. no. xv. Sig. — One ever) r three hours. In the treatment of the diarrhea of typhoid fever: 1*2 or Phenylis Salicyl 3ss 2| Bismuthi Subsalicyl 3j 41 M. ft. cht. no. x. Sig. — One after each stool. Used for the relief of abdominal tympany : 1*3 or Phenylis Salicyl gr. xx 113 Bismuthi Subnitr gr. l. 310 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One two hours after each meal. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 3 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 36 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. In the treatment of dysentery, etc. : Ri or Phenylis Salicylatis, Bismuthi Subnitratis, Cretse Preparatse aa. 3j M. ft. cht. no. xij. Sig. — One every two hours. In the treatment of coryza : 1*2 or Phenylis Salicylatis 3j 4| Acetphenetidini gr. xxxvj 2| M. ft. cht. no. xij. Sig. — One every two hours. Phenyl Salicylate is frequently ordered as the coating for enteric pills, as in the treatment of amebic dysentery when both the ipecac and the salt are desired: n or Ipecacuanhas Pulv gr. ccl 161 Phenylis Salicylatis q. s. M. ft. ent. pil. no. l. Sig. — Take as directed. Detailed written instructions should be left with the patient. About 3 to 4 grains of the salt is usually employed for each pill. When 10 or more pills are given at one time it necessitates a fairly large dose of the drug, but no ill effects seem to have been noted. &•> METHYLIS SALICYLAS (Gen., Methylis Salicylatis). En Methyl Salicylate. Synonym, Artificial (or Synthetic) Oil of Winter- green. An ester produced synthetically. It is the principal constituent of Oil of Gaultheria and Oil of Betula. Form. — A colorless liquid. Odor and Taste. — A characteristic, strongly aromatic wintergreen odor and a sweetish, warm and aromatic taste. Solubility. — Sparingly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Methyl Salicylate is contained in Cataplasma of Kaolin. OLEUM GAULTHERIA (Gen., Olei Gaultheriae). Eng., Oil of Gaultheria. Synonym, Oil of Wintergreen. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. ACIDUM STEARICUM. 37 Official Preparations. Spiritus Gaultheriae (Gen., Spiritus Gaultherise). Eng., Spirit of Gaultheria. Contains 5 per cent, of the Oil. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). OLEUM BETULiE (Gen., Olei Betulae). Eng., Oil of Betula. Synonym, Oilof Sweet Birch. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic. Uses. — Methyl Salicylate, Oil of Gaultheria and Oil of Betula are almost identical in their composition, reactions and uses. They are sometimes used internally in place of salicylic acid or the mineral salts, but have many disadvantages, as taste, odor, liquid form, etc., and possess no marked advantages. Externally they are sometimes used in local applications in con- junction with the internal administration of other preparations. ^/ ACIDUM ACETYLSALICYLICUM.— Aspirin (not official). Form. — A white crystalline powder, Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a faintly acid taste. Solubility. — Slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Anodyne, hypnotic, antipyretic, diapho- retic, antirheumatic. Uses. — Extensively used for the relief of headaches and some other classes of pain ; also for rheumatism, gout, tonsillitis, colds, in- fluenza, etc. Recommended for exophthalmic goiter. Probably disturbs the digestive apparatus less but depresses more than the other salicylates. Administration. — Its comparative insolubility and its freedom from unpleasant odor or taste render its administration more con- venient in powders or capsules. The capsules are usually preferred. For influenza, colds, etc. : n or Acidi Acetylsalicylici gr. l. 3 Quininse Hydrobromidi gr. xv 1 Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii gr. xv 1 M. ft. cap. no. xv. Sig. — Take 4 tonight and 6 tomorrow. ACIDUM STEARICUM. Latin, Acidum Stearicum (Gen., Acidi Stearici). Eng., Stearic Acid. A hard, white, somewhat glossy solid. 38 ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Latin, Acidum Sulphuricum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurici). Eng., Sulphuric Acid. Synonym, Oil of Vitriol. Formula, H0SO4. Form. — A heavy, colorless liquid composed of not less than 92.5 per cent, by weight of absolute Sulphuric Acid and about 7.5 per cent, of water. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, strongly acid taste. Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water and alcohol — with evolution of much heat. Incompatihlcs. — Alkaline carbonates and hydroxides; salts of barium, calcium, lead and silver ; vegetable astringents, etc. Official Preparations. Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici). Eng., Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. Synonym, Elixir of Vitriol. Sulphuric Acid, 111 Cc. ; Tincture of Ginger, 50 Cc. ; Oil of Cinnamon, 1 Cc. ; Alcohol, to 1000 Cc. Contains 20 per cent, by weight of absolute sulphuric acid. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurici Diluti). Eng., Diluted Sulphuric Acid. Contains 10 per cent, by weight of absolute sulphuric acid and 90 per cent, of water. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Escharotic, astringent. Uses. — The principal employment is in diarrhea preparations, and in quinine solutions for the treatment of malaria or general tonic purposes. Administration. — Sulphuric Acid is usually employed in the form of the diluted or the aromatic acid. They should always be well diluted when taken. Some methods of prescribing are shown in the following : As a part of the treatment of comedo : Ri or Magnesii Sulphatis ojss 45 1 Ferri Sulphatis gr. xvj 1| Acidi Sulph. Dil 3ij 8| Aquae q. s. fSviij 240| Sig. — Tablespoonful in water before breakfast. 1 Ohrnann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. 39 In the treatment of diarrhea B or Magnesii Sulphatis 5iv 15 [0 Tinct. Opii Deod tit.x1 2|5 Acidi Sulph. Arom f3iss 6|0 Aquae Menthse Pip q. s. fBiv 120 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours till relieved. To effect the solution of quinine, as in a preparation for malaria : R or Quininae Sulph 3iss 6 Acidi Sulph. Arom f 3ij 8 Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f3ij 8 Aquae q. s. f 5iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. Fno- Latin, Acidum Sulphurosum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurosi) Sulphurous Acid. Formula, H2SO3. Form. — A colorless liquid containing not less than 6 per cent, by weight of Sulphur Dioxide and about 94 per cent, of water. Odor and Taste. — A pungent, disagreeable odor and acid taste. Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water or alcohol. Incompatible s. — Those of sulphuric acid may apply. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, disinfectant. Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of such conditions as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, diphtheria, stomatitis, etc. Has been recommended for flatulence, vomiting, etc. Administration. — This acid is not often prescribed. It should be well diluted when taken. Probably the most frequent employ- ment is shown in the treatment of throat disease. The following will illustrate : Potassii Chloratis 3ss Tinct. Ferri Chloridi f 3j Acidi Sulphurosi f 3ij Glycerini f3iv Aquae q. s. fSiv M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every four hours. or 2 4 8 15 120 40 ACIDUM TANNICUM. ACIDUM TANNICUM. Latin, Acidum Tannicum (Gen., Acidi Tannici). Eng., Tannic Acid. Synonym, Tannin. Formula, HC 14 H 9 9 . An organic acid usually obtained from nutgall. Form. — A light-yellowish powder. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and a strong astringent taste. Solubility. — In about 0.34 part water; 0.23 part alcohol; 1 part glycerin. Incompatibles. — Salts of antimony, copper, iron, lead, mercury and silver ; chlorates, permanganates and other oxidizers ; alkaloids, spirit of nitrous ether, lime-water, albumin, etc. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparation. &•> Glyceritum Acidi Tannici (Gen., Glyceriti Acidi Tannici). En Glycerite of Tannic Acid. A thick, heavy liquid containing 20 per cent, of Tannic Acid dissolved in Glycerin. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent and styptic. Uses. — Used as a local application in tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc. ; also to arrest bleeding from nasal, gastric or other mucous membrane. Frequently employed as such or more commonly as a tannate in the treatment of diarrhea or dysentery. Used as such or in the form of catechu, tea, etc., as an antidote for poisoning with alkaloids, tartar emetic, etc. Administration. — Internally. Tannic Acid is seldom pre- scribed as such, but agents containing it are employed, as tincture of kino, tincture of catechu, etc. Locally it is used in dusting powders, ointments, solutions and suppositories. Some formulae are illustrated in the following: In the treatment of salivation : IJi or Acidi Borici, Acidi Tannici aa. gr. xl 2|5 Mellis Rosae, fSij 8|0 Aquae q. s. fSvj 180|0 M. Si or. — Use as a mouth-wash every two hours. i White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. ACIDUM TARTARICUM. 41 As an application in the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc. : I* or Tinct Iodi fSij 8| Glyc. Acidi Tannici q. s. fSj 30[ M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. It is sometimes prescribed in suppositories, as in the following for hemorrhoids : $ or Ext. Stramonii gr. iij |20 Acidi Tannici gr. xij |75 Plumbi Acetatis gr. iij [20 Ol. Theobromatis q. s. M. ft. suppos. no. vj. Sig. — Use one night and morning. In enemas it is sometimes employed, as in the following for dysentery : B or Acidi Tannici gr. xl 2|50 Ext. Opii Pulv gr. iv |26 Acidi Borici 5iv 15|00 M. Sig. — Use a heaping teaspoonful in quart of hot water as enema. As an antidote in alkaloidal or tartar-emetic poisoning, where tannic acid as such cannot be obtained, strong tea, tincture of catechu, tincture of kino, etc., may be used. ACIDUM TARTARICUM. Latin, Acidum Tartaricum (Gen., Acidi Tartarici). Eng., Tar- taric Acid. Formula, H^CjH^Oq. An organic acid usually pre- pared from Argol — a sediment in wine casks. Form. — Usually a white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless with an acid taste. Solubility. — In 0.71 part of water and 1.67 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Salts of calcium, mercury, lead, etc. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparations. Tartaric Acid enters into a large per cent, of the effervescing preparations. 42 ACIDUM TRICHLORACETIC™. ACONITUM. Therapeutic Action. — Refrigerant, astringent, antiseptic. Uses. — Used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, but not often a prescription ingredient. Administration. — For effect potassium bitartrate or potassium and sodium tartrate are used. ACIDUM TRICHLORACETICUM. Latin, Acidum Trichloraceticum (Gen., Acidi Trichloracetici). Eng., Trichloracetic Acid. Form. — White, soluble, deliquescent crystals. Therapeutic Action. — Caustic, germicide. Uses. — It is used as a caustic in the treatment of ulcers, new growths, etc. Seldom prescribed. ACONITINA. See Aconitum. ACONITUM. Latin, Aconitum (Gen., Aconiti). Eng., Aconite. Synonyms, Monkshood, Wolf bane. The dried tuberous root of Aconitum napelhis. Principal Constituents. — Aconitine, 0.5 per cent. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.05 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Aconiti (Gen., Fluidextracti Aconiti). Eng., Fluidex- tract of Aconite. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 c.c.). Tinctura Aconiti (Gen., Tincturse Aconiti). Eng., Tincture of Aconite. Represents 10 per cent, of Aconite, in alcohol 70 per cent, and water 30 per cent. Average Dose. — 10 minims (0.6 c.c). Before the eighth revision of the Pharmacopoeia this preparation was 35 per cent., so allowance must be made for dosage of old books. Aconitina (Gen., Aconitinse). Eng., Aconitine. Average Dose. — }4oo grain (0.00015 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Depressant, antipyretic, diaphoretic, antiseptic, possibly local anodyne. Uses. — This drug is not used as much as formerly. It is sometimes given in the early stages of fevers of the sthenic type, as pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, etc. Recommended in combina- ACONITUM. 43 tion with other agents for the reduction of high blood-pressure. Locally the tincture is extensively used in combination with tincture of iodine as an application in the treatment of tonsillitis, diphtheria, scarlatina, toothache, swollen glands, furuncles, infections, etc. Administration. — Aconite is usually employed in the form of the tincture either alone or with other agents. It is miscible with water or alcohol in any proportions. Aconitine is seldom prescribed or used. It is sometimes administered hypodermically by the physician. The manner of prescribing is shown in the following : In the treatment of the primary stages of conditions character- ized by high temperature, tension, etc. : n or Potassii Citratis f 3iss 6 Tinct. Aconiti 3iv 15 Spir. iEtheris Nit f3iv 15 Aquae Menth. Pip fjij 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours until relieved. Or: Ri or Tinct. Aconiti TT\,xx 1 Liq. Ammonii Acet fSij 60 Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. f Siv 120 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful every two hours. In the interval treatment of spasmodic laryngitis : IP or Tinct. Aconiti rrt viij 5 Syr. Ipecacuanhas f 3iss 6 Tinct. Opii Camph f3iij 12 Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every two hours. As a local application for toothache, inflamed glands, furuncle, etc. : 3 or Tincturae Iodi Tincturse Aconiti aa. f Sss 151 M. Sig. — "Poison." Apply as directed. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 2 Ibid. 44 ADEPS. In the treatment of neuralgia (to be applied with friction along the course of the affected nerve) : IM or Tinct. Aconiti, Chlorof ormi aa. f 3iv 15| Lin. Saponis q. s. fSiv 120| M. Sig. — "Poison." Apply as directed. In the treatment of epididymitis : R2 or Tincturae Aconiti, Tincturae Opii aa. f Sj 30| Liq. Plumbi Subacet f Sij 60| Aquae q. s. fSvj 180| M. Sig. — Keep applied on cotton. ADEPS. Latin, Adeps (Gen., Adipis). Eng., Lard. The prepared in- ternal fat of the abdomen of the hog. Official Preparation. Adeps Benzoinatus (Gen., Adipis Benzoinati). Eng., Benzoinated Lard. A soft, white solid containing the soluble constituents of 2 per cent, of Benzoin. Odor and Taste. — Pleasant odor, bland taste. Incompatibles. — Aqueous and alcoholic liquids. Therapeutic Action. — Emollient. Uses. — It is used as a vehicle for ointments. It is not as fre- quently employed as petrolatum or ointment of rose-water. It is more apt to become rancid on the druggist's shelves, or if kept for an extended time by the patient. In some localities it is so seldom employed as to render it difficult to obtain a usable article. Administration. — The following illustrates the employment of lard in prescribing. i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. -' White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. ADEPS LAX.E. 45 In the treatment of scabies : $1 Sulphuris Loti, Olei Cadini, Cretse Praep aa. 3i j Saponis Mollis 5v Adipis q. s. Si j M. Sig. — Rub in thoroughly. or 8 19 60 Used in the treatment of grain-itch : B 2 or Betanaphtholis gr. xxx Sulphuris Praecip gr. xl Adipis Benzoinati q. s. Sj M. Sig. — Apply as directed. : 2 5 30!0 ADEPS LANJE. Latin. Adeps Lanae (Gen.. Adipis Lanae). Eng., Wool-fat. The purified fat of the wool of sheep, form of the Used almost exclusively in the Official Preparation. Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Gen., Adipis Lanae Hydrosi). Eng., Hydrous Wool-fat. Synonym, Lanolin. Form. — A nearly white, ointment-like mass. Odor and Taste. — Very slight odor or taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Therapeutic Action. — Emollient. Uses. — This is an excellent vehicle for ointments where ab- sorption is desirable. It is used as a vehicle itself, but more fre- quently combined with other agents. Administration. — The hydrous preparation is used almost ex- clusively. It is particularly employed as an ointment base where absorption of the active constituents through the skin is desired. Owing to its rather sticky character it is seldom employed alone. The following illustrates its use : 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. - Musser and Kellv: Practical Treatment. 46 .ETHER. In the treatment of tinea barbae : Ri or Chrysarobini Sj 4 Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. Bj 30 M. Sig. — Apply thoroughly once a day. In the treatment of eczema of the scrotum: 1*2 or Camphorae, Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. xx \\3 Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 JO Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j 30|0 M. Sig. — Apply liberally several times daily. In the treatment of acute bronchitis : B3 or Guaiacolis 3ss 2 Olei Gaultheriae f 3j 4 Adipis Lanae Hyd q. s. §j 30 M. Sig. — Apply to chest as directed. In the treatment of dermatitis : n* or Phenolis gr. xij |8 Bismuthi Subnit 3iss 6|0 Adipis Lanae Hyd 3ij 810 Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sj 3010 M. Sig. — Apply locally. AETHER. Latin, ^ther (Gen., ^Etheris). Eng., Ether. Synonym, Sul- phuric Ether. Formula (C 2 H 5 ) 2 0. Form. — A colorless liquid. Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor and a burning and sweet- ish taste. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. 3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 4 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. yETHER. 47 Solubility. — In about 10 volumes of water. Miscible in all pro- portions with alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Official Preparations. Spiritus iEtheris Compositus (Gen., Spiritus iEtheris Compositi). Eng., Compound Spirit of Ether. Synonym, Hoffman's Anodyne. Ether, 325 Cc. ; Ethereal Oil, 25 Cc. ; Alcohol, 650 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Oleum ^Ethereum and Spirtus JEtheris are also official. The collodions contain ether. Therapeutic Action. — Anesthetic ; also variously classed as a stimulant, sedative, anodyne, antispasmodic, carminative, dia- phoretic, anthelmintic. Uses. — Extensively employed by inhalation for general anaes- thesia. By needle it is recommended in shock, poisoning - by certain narcotics, etc. By mouth the compound spirit is used in the treat- ment of acute indigestion, flatulence, hysteria and abdominal cramps of intestinal origin. Locally it is used for cleaning the skin and sometimes as a spray for local anaesthesia. Administration. — Ether is seldom prescribed as such. The Compound Spirit of Ether is the preparation of common choice and is either prescribed alone or with other agents. In the treatment of acute indigestion, particularly in hysterical patients : R or Spir. ^Etheris Co., Tinct. Valerianae Am aa. f Ess 151 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water ever}- two hours if necessary. Used in the treatment of acute indigestion : $i or Tinct. Opii Camph. f 3iij 12 Spir. Ammoniae Arom., Spir. yEtheris Comp aa. fSss 15 Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. f §ij 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted ever}- fifteen minutes until relieved. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 48 SPIRITUS -ETHERIS XITROSI. In the treatment of flatulence, hysteria, etc. : Ri or Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xl 3 Spir. Ammonias Arom., Tinct. Zingiberis aa. f3ss 15 Spir. JEtheris Comp q. s. fSij 60 M. Sig. — "Shake." Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water. Repeat when necessary. In the treatment of psoriasis : $2 or Chrysarobini 3j 4|0 Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 1 13 .Etheris f 3j 4|0 Olei Ricini it^x |6 Collodii q. s. f3ss 15 JO M. Sig. — Paint on affected parts. iETHER ACETICUS. Latin, yEther Aceticus (Gen., JEtheris Acetici). Eng., Acetic Ether. A colorless liquid containing about 90 per cent, by weight of Ethyl Acetate. SPIRITUS jETHERIS NITROSI. Latin, Spiritus ^Etheris Xitrosi (Gen., Spiritus ^Etheris Xitrosi). Eng., Spirit of Xitrous Ether. Synonym, Sweet Spirit of Xiter. .For;/?.— A clear, yellowish liquid. Odor and Taste. — Fragrant ethereal odor and burning taste. Solubility. — Miscible with water and alcohol in all proportions. Incompatibles. — Acacia, acetanilide, acetphenetidin. antipyrine, carbonates, iodides, tannic acid, ferrous sulphate, fluidextract of buchu, tincture of guaiac, etc. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Official Preparation. Spirit of Xitrous Ether is contained in Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. Therapeutic Action. — Recommended as a diuretic, diaphoretic, antipyretic. 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. SPIRITUS .ETHERIS XITROSI. 49 Uses. — Used in the treatment of retention of urine, renal colic, gonorrhea, etc. ; also in the early stages of bronchitis, colds, etc., particularly in children. Administration. — Spirit of Nitrous Ether is prescribed alone or with other agents. Prescribed alone, as in acute retention of urine, renal colic, etc. : 3 or Spir. Athens Nit fSj 30 1 Sig. — Teaspoonful in hot lemonade every two hours until relieved. In a diuretic combination, as in the treatment of renal colic, cys- titis, gonorrhea, retention of urine, etc. : B or Potassii Citratis Svj 231 Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3ij 8| Spir. JEtheris Nit f Siss 45 1 Aquae q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of water every four hours. Used as an antipyretic in the acute diseases of childhood : I*i or Tinct. Aconiti TT\,xvj II Spir. yEtheris Nit f-Siij 12| Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. f £ij 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. In the treatment of ascites : B2 or Potassii Acetatis oj 30 Spir. JEtheris Nit f§ss 15 1 Inf. Digitalis q. s. fSiv 120 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every six hours. In the treatment of bronchitis, cough, etc. (for child 4 years old): U or Potassii Citratis gr. lxxx 5 1 Spir. .Etheris Nit f3ij 8| Syr. Ipecacuanhas f3ss 2| Syr. Limonis f3iv 15 [ Aquae q. s. f §ij 60| M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 2 IMd. 4 50 .LTHYLIS CARBAMAS. ALCOHOL. ^ETHYLIS CARBAMAS. Latin, ^Ethylis Carbamas (Gen., ^Ethylis Carbamatis). Eng., Ethyl Carbamate. Form. — Colorless crystals or scales. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. Uses. — It is used to induce sleep when the insomnia is not the result of pain or discomfort. Seldom prescribed. iETHYLIS CHLORIDUM. Latin, JEthylis Chloridum (Gen., JEthylis Chloridi). Eng., Ethyl Chloride. A colorless liquid. Therapeutic Action. — Anaesthetic. Uses. — Employed to produce local and general anaesthesia. ALCOHOL. Latin, Alcohol (Gen., Alcoholis). Eng., Alcohol. Synonyms, Spiritus Rectificatus, Spiritus Yini Rectificatus, Rectified Spirit, etc. Formula, C 2 H 5 OH. Form. — A colorless liquid containing about 94.9 per cent, by volume (92.3 per cent, by weight) of absolute Ethyl AIcoJiol and 5.1 per cent, by volume of water. Odor and Taste. — Slight odor and burning taste. Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water, chloroform, ether, glycerin and most oils. Incompatiblcs. — Acacia, albumin, bromine, chlorine, chromium trioxide, permanganates. Official Preparations. Alcohol Dilutum (Gen., Alcoholis Diluti). Eng., Diluted Alcohol. Synonym, Proof Spirit. Alcohol, 500 Cc; Water, 500 Cc. Alcohol Absolutum (Gen., Alcoholis Absoluti). Eng., Absolute Alcohol. Contains not more than 1 per cent, by weight of water. Spiritus Vini Gallici (Gen., Spiritus Vini Gallici). Eng., Brandy. Con- tains from 44 to 55 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. Spiritus Frumenti (Gen., Spiritus Frumenti). Eng., Whiskey. Con- tains from 44 to 55 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. Vinum Album (Gen., Yini Albi). Eng., White Wine. Contains from 8.5 to 15 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. Vinum Rubrum (Gen., Vini Rubri). Eng., Red Wine. Contains 8.5 to 15 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. ALCOHOL. 51 Alcohol is a constituent of the majority of official liquids, as fluidextracts, spirits, tinctures, wines, etc. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, diaphoretic, pos- sibly stimulant, hypnotic and nutrient. Uses. — Used in medicine as a preservative and solvent. Ex- tensively employed for cleaning the skin for operations and for cleansing instruments. Used in antiseptic solutions for dress- ing wounds, infections, etc., and for suppurative otitis media. Recommended as a dressing to abort furuncles, felons, etc. Alcohol as such, or various dilutions, are used for giving sponge baths to reduce temperature in febrile conditions and to prevent bed-sores in protracted illness. It is sometimes used in concen- tration to harden the skin, as to prevent chafing from trusses or other mechanical devices, and to relieve local areas of excessive perspiration. Internally alcoholic liquids are frequently em- ployed for pneumonia, bronchitis, etc., and brandy, particularly, is quite frequently used in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, typhoid fever, and other related troubles. Administration. — Alcohol as a solvent is not often prescribed as such by the physician, but alcoholic tinctures, spirits, etc., are employed. For its effect, alcohol is often a factor in selecting a vehicle. Some prescriptions illustrating the uses of alcohol follow : To abort furuncle : $ or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j [06 Alcoholis q. s. fgj 30(00 M. Sig. — "Poison."' Saturate pad and keep applied to boil. In the treatment of alopecia : $i cr Resorcinolis gr. Ixxx 5'0 Quininse gr. xv 110 Olei Ricini Tn_ xx 113 Alcoholis q. s. fsiv 120J0 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. iStelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 52 ALOE. For "liver spots," freckles, etc. : U or Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 13 Alcoholis q. s. fSj 30 M. Sig. — Apply to spots three (3) times a day. When used only as a stimulant, brandy or whiskey are usually employed. For example : For the exhaustion attendant upon intestinal trouble, etc. (in a child 1 year old) : R or Spir. Vini Gallici Opt f3yj 231 Aquae q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four (4) hours. In the treatment of bronchitis : Tinct. Opii Camph., Spir. Vini Gallici, Glycerini aa. f 5j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. or 30 ALOE. Latin, Aloe (Gen., Aloes). Eng., Aloes. Synonym, Gum Aloes. The inspissated juice of various species of Aloe. Form. — Brownish masses. Odor and Taste. — Disagreeable odor and bitter, nauseous taste. Active Constituents. — Aloin (5 to 30 per cent.), etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Aloes. Eng., Extract of Aloes. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Pilulae Aloes. — Pills of Aloes. Average Dose. — 2 pills. Pilulae Aloes et Ferri. — Pills of Aloes and Iron. Average Dose. — 2 pills. Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches. — Pills of Aloes and Mastic. Average Dose. — 2 pills. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. ALOE. 53 Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae. — Pills of Aloes and Myrrh. Average Dose. — 2 pills. Tincturae Aloes. — Tincture of Aloes. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Tincturae Aloes et Myrrhae. — Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Aloe Purificata. Eng., Purified Aloes. Aloes treated by melting, straining, etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Aloinum (Gen., Aloini). Eng., Aloin. A neutral principle obtained from Aloes. Form. — A yellowish powder. Odor and Taste. — Disagreeable odor and intensely bitter taste. Solubility. — In 65 parts of water and 10.75 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Preparations of Aloin. Pilulae Laxativae Compositae. Eng., Compound Laxative Pills. Syn- onym, Pills Aloin, Strychnine, Belladonna and Ipecac; Pills A., S., B. and I. Each pill contains about: Aloin, 0.0130 (gr. %) ; Strychnine, 0.0005 (gr. ViB 5 ); Ex. Belladon. Leaves, 0.0080 (gr. %); Ipecac, 0.0040 (gr. % 6 ). Average Dose. — 2 pills. Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, emmenagogue. Uses. — For constipation, particularly of the chronic type, and for amenorrhea. Administration. — Of the preparations of and from Aloes, Aloin is the one most often used. It is usually prescribed as the Compound Laxative Pills or in some other combination of pur- gatives. Its employment is based to some extent on the belief that Aloes acts particularly on the lower part of the intestinal tract. As a laxative in tuberculosis : $i or Mas. Hydrargyri, Aloes Pulv., Ipecacuanha? Pulv., Capsici Pulv aa. gr. xij M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One at night. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 54 ALTH^A. ALUMEN. In the treatment of chlorosis associated with constipation: $i or Aloes Purificatse gr. xl 3 Mas. Ferri Carb 3ij 8 Pulv. Aromatici q. s. M. ft. cap. no. xl. Sig. — Two (2) at bedtime. In the treatment of amenorrhea (to be used six days before expected period) : R2 or Aloini gr. ij 13 Mas. Ferri Carb gr. xxx 2 00 Apiol f3j 4 00 M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One morning and evening. ALTHJEA. Latin, Althaea. Eng., Althaea. The dried root of Althcea officinalis. Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, demulcent. Uses. — It is used in the manufacture of some pharmaceutical preparations, etc., but is seldom prescribed. ALUMEN. Latin, Alumen (Gen., Alumenis). Eng., Alum. Synonym, Potassium Alum. Formula A1K(S0 4 )2. Form. — Large colorless crystals or crystalline fragments. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, and having a sweetish and strongly astringent taste. Solubility. — Soluble in 9 parts of water, insoluble in alcohol, soluble in glycerin. Incompatibles. — Alkalies; salts of lead, mercury, and iron; bo- rates, carbonates, phosphates, tartrates, tannic acid, etc. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparation. Alumen Exsiccatum (Gen., Alumenis Exsiccati). Eng., Exsiccated Alum. Synonyms, Dried Alum, Burnt Alum. One hundred parts of 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 Ibid. ALUMIXI. AMMONIUM. 55 Alum are deprived of water of crystallization by heat till reduced to 55 parts by weight. Form. — A white granular powder. Odor and Taste. — See Alum. Solubility. — In 17 parts water. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Alum. Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic, emetic. Uses. — Alum or exsiccated alum is used locally to arrest bleeding. In solution it is employed locally in the treatment of hyperidrosis, to harden the skin, as in tender feet, and as a vaginal douche in vaginitis, cystocele, etc. It is still sometimes employed as an emetic, but more desirable agents are usually available. Recommended in the treatment of lead colic. Administration. — Seldom prescribed for internal use. For External Use. — Powdered Alum and the Exsiccated Alum are sometimes prescribed, either alone or with other agents, as astringent powders, lotions, douches, etc. In the treatment of herpes, bromidrosis, etc. : I*i or Alumenis Pulv 3j 4 Phenylis Salicyl 3ss 2 Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 5j 30 M. Sig— Apply. ALUMINI HYDROXIDUM. Latin, Alumini Hydroxidum. Eng., Aluminum Hydroxide. A white powder. ALUMINI SULPHAS. Latin, Alumini Sulphas. Eng., Aluminum Sulphate. A white crystalline powder, plates or fragments. AMMONIUM. Official Salts and Preparations. AQUA AMMONIA (Gen., Aquae Ammoniae). Eng., Ammonia Water. Synonym, Hartshorn. An aqueous solution containing 10 per cent, by weight of gaseous ammonia. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 1 Shoemaker: Materia Mediea and Therapeutics. 56 AMMONIUM. AQUA AMMONIA FORTIOR. Eng., Stronger Ammonia Water. An aqueous solution containing 28 per cent, by weight of gaseous ammonia. SPIRITUS AMMONIA (Gen., Spiritus Ammonias). Spirit of Am- monia. An alcoholic solution containing 10 per cent, by weight of gaseous ammonia. SPIRITUS AMMONIA AROMATICUS. Eng., Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. An almost colorless aromatic liquid becoming slightly darker on standing. Ammonium Carbonate, 34 Gm. ; Ammonia Water, 90 Cc. ; Oil of Lemon, 10 Cc. ; Oil of Lavender Flowers, 1 Cc. ; Oil of Nutmeg, 1 Cc. ; Alcohol, 700 Cc; Water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia is used in making Tinctura Guaiaci Am- moniata and Tincture Valerianae Ammoniata. Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, carminative, irritant. Uses. — As a stimulant in syncope, asphyxia, collapse and poisoning from narcotic or depressant agents. Frequently em- ployed for acute indigestion, hysteria, etc. Administration. — When used alone it may be prescribed as : n or Spir. Amnion. Arom fBj 301 Sig. — Half (14) teaspoon ful in water every hour when necessary. Or: n or Spir. Amnion. Arom., Tinct. Aurant. Dulc aa. f3ss 15 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every hour when necessary. In the treatment of headache following a debauch : Ri or Ammonii Bromidi 3iij 12 Spir. Ammoniae Arom f3iv 15 Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Sii j 90 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water every two hours till relieved. In the treatment of acute indigestion: n or Sodii Bicarbonatis 3j 4 Spir. Amnion. Arom fBss 15 Spir. yEtheris Co q. s. f§j 30 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful in water every two hours till relieved. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. AMMONIUM. 57 In the treatment of acute indigestion : #i or Tinct. Opii Camp f'3iij 12 Spir. Ammoniae Arom., Spir. ^Etheris Comp aa. f§ss 15 Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. f Bi j 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved. LINIMENTUM AMMONIA. Eng., Ammonia Liniment. LIQUOR AMMONII ACETATIS. Eng., Solution of Ammonium Acetate. A colorless aqueous solution containing about 7 per cent, of Ammonium Acetate. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic, refrigerant. Uses. — Sometimes used in fevers, nephritis, etc. Administration. — Its employment is illustrated in the following: As an antipyretic in acute febrile conditions : 1*2 or Tinct. Aconiti TT\,xx 1 13 Liq. Ammonii Acet fSij 60 Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. fSiv 120 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful even' two hours. AMMONII BENZOAS.— See Benzoates, p. 86. AMMONII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. AMMONII CARBONAS (Gen., Ammonii Carbonatis). Eng., Am- monium Carbonate. Form. — White, translucent masses or cubes. Odor and Taste. — Strong odor of ammonia ; sharp saline taste. Solubility. — In 4 parts of water; partly soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Acids, acid salts, etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, expectorant. Uses. — Principally employed in the treatment of coughs, colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. Administration. — It is almost always given in solution, usually in some flavored syrup. Its employment is illustrated in the following: i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 58 AMMONIUM. As an expectorant: $ or Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ij 13 Ammonii Carb 3iss 6 00 Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3iv 15 00 Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f§iv 120 00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. In the treatment of capillary bronchitis of infants : Ri or Ammonii Carb gr. xx 1 13 Syr. Tolutani fBss 15 JO Liq. Ammonii Acet q. s. fSiij 9010 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. AMMONII IODIDUM.— See Iodum, p. 200. AMMONII SALICYLAS.— See Acidum Salicylicum, p. 32 AMMONII VALERAS.— See Valeriana, p. 324. AMMONII CHLORIDUM (Gen., Ammonii Chloridi). Eng., Am- monium Chloride. Synonyms, Ammonium Muriate, Sal. Ammoniac. Form. — A white, crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a cooling, saline taste. Solubility. — In 2 parts of water, 50 parts alcohol, or 5 parts glycerin. Average Dose. — IV2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparation. Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi. Eng., Troches of Ammonium Chloride. Each troche contains about 2 grains of the salt. Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic, stimulant. Uses. — Principally employed in the treatment of coughs, colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. It is used to promote the absorption of ecchymoses, also to increase the solubility of cor- rosive mercuric chloride. Administration. — Ammonium Chloride seems to be the salt of choice as an expectorant. Its ready solubility and comparative freedom from incompatibility facilitates its use in any reasonable combination. The common cough syrups, as "Syr. Pine Co.," "Honey and Tar," etc., etc., usually contain about 8 grains to the fluidounce. Some expectorant combinations are shown in the following : 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. AMMONIUM. 59 As an expectorant : U or Apomorphinse Hydrochlor gr. ss 103 Ammonii Chloridi 3j 4|00 Limonis Succi fjj 30(00 Syrupi Limonis q. s. fSiij 90100 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. Or: $ or Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ij 1 13 Ammonii Chloridi 3ij 8|00 Syr. Ipecacuanha? f3ij 8 [00 Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f&v 120|00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. In the treatment of bronchitis : 3 1 or Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. % |016 Ammonii Chloridi, Terpini Hydratis aa. '3j 41000 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One every three hours. Two at night. In the treatment of the laryngobronchial irritation of influenza: n 2 or Codeinae Sulph gr. iv Ammonii Chlor 3v 19 Syr. Pruni Virg fSij 60 Spir. Juniperis Comp q. s. f3iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 26 00 00 00 In the treatment of an acute exacerbation of dry chronic bron- chitis : $3 or Ammonii Chloridi 3iv 151 Tinct. Hyoscyami, Syr. Scillse Comp aa fSiv 15 1 Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fjiij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 60 AMYGDALA AMARA. AMYGDALA DULCIS. To promote the absorption of ecchymosis : R or Ammonii Chloridi Sj 30 Aquae q. s. f Hiv 120 M. Sig. — Wet pad of gauze and keep applied. AMYGDALA AMARA. Latin, Amygdala Amara (Gen., Amygdalae Amarae). Eng., Bit- ter Almond. The ripe seed of Prunus amygdalus; var., amara. Official Preparations and Constituents. Oleum Amygdalae Amarae. Eng., Oil of Bitter Almond. Average Dose. — % minim (0.03 Cc). Aqua Amygdalae Amarae. Eng., Bitter Almond-water. Contains 0.1 per cent, of the Oil of Bitter Almond. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc.). Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae. Eng., Spirit of Bitter Almond. Contains 1 per cent, of the Oil of Bitter Almond. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Syrupus Amygdalae. Eng., Syrup of Almond. Contains 0.1 per cent, of the Oil of Bitter Almond. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a sedative, depressant, anti- spasmodic, and flavor. Uses. — Recommended for cough and some other conditions. Administration. — Seldom prescribed. AMYGDALA DULCIS. Latin, Amygdala Dulcis. Eng., Sweet Almond. The ripe seed of Prunus amygdalus; var., dulcis. Official Preparations and Constituent. Emulsum Amygdalae. Eng., Emulsion of Almond. Represents about 6 per cent, of the sweet almond. Average Dose. — 4 fluidounces (120 Cc). Oleum Amygdalae Expressum. Eng., Expressed Oil of Almond. Average Dose. — 1 fluidounce (30 Cc). The Expressed Oil of Almond is contained in several official preparations. AMYLIS NITRIS. AMYLUM. 61 Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent and nutrient. Uses. — Principally employed in the preparation of ointments, emulsions, etc. Administration. — Seldom prescribed as such. AMYLIS NITRIS. Latin, Amylis Nitris (Gen., Amylis Nitritis). Eng., Amyl Nitrite. Formula, C5HHNO2. A liquid containing about 80 per cent, of absolute amyl nitrite. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Vasodilator and antispasmodic. Uses. — Conditions characterized by high blood-pressure, and requiring prompt remedial action, as angina pectoris. Recom- mended for epilepsy, convulsions, seasickness, vomiting of preg- nancy, etc. Administration. — The three drugs, Amyl Nitrite, Nitro- glycerin and Sodium Nitrite are employed for the same effect. Amyl Nitrite being the most rapid and transient, Nitroglycerin next, and Sodium Nitrite the slowest and most lasting. Amyl Nitrite is usually administered by inhalation. The most convenient form is the "pearls," which are little glass bulbs each containing a few minims. These can be crushed in the handker- chief and inhaled when needed. It should be remembered that the drug is very volatile and inflammable. AMYLUM. Latin, Amylum (Gen., Amyli). Eng., Starch. Synonym, Corn Starch. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Forms a whitish, gelatinous paste when boiled with water. Official Preparations. Glyceritum Amyli. Eng., Glycerite of Starch. Starch, 10 Gm.; Water, 10 Cc; Glycerin, 80 Gm. Therapeutic Action. — Protective and diluent. Uses. — Employed with other agents in the treatment of prickly heat, chafing, dermatitis, etc. Prepared by boiling with water it is used in baths for the relief of skin diseases character- 62 AXISUM. ized by itching, as pruritus, eczema, etc. It is an antidote for iodine poisoning. Administration. — The only common employment of starch in prescription writing is in various powders and ointments. In the treatment of prickly heat : I^i or Acidi Borici, Talci Pur., Zinci Oxidi, Amyli aa. 3ij M. Sig. — Apply freely. In the treatment of smallpox : W 2 or Hydrarg. Ammon gr. x 165 Amylii Zinci Oxidi aa. 3i j 8 100 Petrolati q. s. I] 30|00 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. ANISUM. Latin, Anisum (Gen.. Anisi). Eng., Anise. The ripe fruit of Pimpinella anisum. Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparations and Constituent. Oleum Anisi. Eng., Oil of Anise. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Aqua Anisi. Eng., Anise Water. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Spiritus Anisi. Eng., Spirit of Anise. Contains 10 per cent, of the oil. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Oil of Anise is contained in several other official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, stomachic, expectorant and flavor. Uses. — Employed almost exclusively as a flavoring agent. Administration. — Seldom prescribed. 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. - Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS. 63 ANTHEMIS. Latin, Anthemis (Gen., Anthemidis). Eng., Anthemis. Syno- nyms, Chamomile, Roman Chamomile. The dried flower-heads of Anthem is no b His. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gin.). Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, diuretic. Uses. — Anthemis is used by the laity, but is seldom prescribed. ANTIMONII et POTASSII TARTRAS. Latin, Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Gen., Antimonii et Potassii Tartratis). Eng., Antimony and Potassium Tartrate. Synonym, Tartar Emetic. Form. — Colorless crystals or white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a sweet, afterward disagreeable, metallic taste. Solubility. — In 15.5 parts water. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatible •s. — Alkalies, lead salts, gallic and tannic acids, etc. Average Dose. — Expectorant, % grain (0.0005 Gm.). Emetic, y 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Official Preparations. Vinum Antimonii. Eng., Wine of Antimony. Contains 0.4 per cent, of the salt. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Antimony and Potassium Tartrate are also contained in Compound Syrup of Squill (0.2 per cent.) and in a small amount in Compound Mix- ture of Glycyrrhiza. Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, emetic, pustulant. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of coughs, colds, bronchitis, etc. Toxicology. — Poisoning with tartar emetic is rather frequent, particularly among children, as it is a constituent of many ant- poisons. The symptoms are : vomiting, purging, rice-water and bloody stools, abdominal and epigastric pain, muscular cramps, prostration. Treatment. — The stomach should be washed out with a solution of tannic acid and enough of the antidote left in the stomach to act on any remaining poison. An infusion of green tea is frequently employed, as the caffeine content is also desirable. Demulcents, as milk or olive oil, should be given 64 ANTIPYRINA. freely. The patient should be kept warm and stimulants used as indicated. Administration. — Antimony and Potassium Tartrate as such is not a popular prescription ingredient. As an emetic it has fallen into disuse with the profession almost altogether. As an expectorant the Compound Syrup of Squill is sometimes used. ANTIPYRINA. Latin, Antipyrina (Gen., Antipyrinse). Eng., Antipyrine. Form. — A colorless crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — In less than 1 part of water. In 1 part of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Acids and drugs containing tannic acid in ap- preciable amounts ; alkalies, salts of iron, mercury, lead and arsenic ; iodine and iodides ; sodium bicarbonate and salicylate ; alum, ben- zoates, phenol, hydrated chloral, cinchona alkaloids, resorcin, spirit of nitrous ether, thymol, etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, sedative, analgesic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of fevers, headache, neu- ralgia, whooping-cough, etc. Administration. — Antipyrine is so generally incompatible with other drugs that it is better to remember the few desirable agents with which it can be prescribed to advantage. This would include few others than caffeine, sodium bromide and flavored syrups. It is the most soluble of the coal-tar antipyretics. It is prescribed alone in powders, capsules or in solution, for internal use. Antipyrine may be prescribed as : B or Antipyrinae gr. xl 2|5 Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Sj 30|0 M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water every two hours when necessary. It is sometimes prescribed for local application, as in the follow- ing formula used by the rhinologist on cotton applicators to relieve congestion of the nasal mucosa : $ or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. v \3 Antipyrinae gr. xv 1 10 Aquae Dest q. s. f5j 30|0 M. Sig. — For office use. APOCYNUM. AQUA. 65 A frequent combination of antipyrine is shown in the following prescription for the paroxysmal stage of whooping-cough : For a child 4 years old : R or Antipyrinae 3ss 2 Sodii Bromidi 3j 4 Elix. Aromatici r q. s. f§ij 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours until relieved. Tinctura Belladonnas Foliorum is sometimes added. As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic: Ifci or Codeinae Sulphatis gr. ss [03 Antipyrinse gr. xvj 1 [00 Syrupi Aurantii q. s. fSij 60100 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. (Child 2 years old). APOCYNUM. Latin, Apocynum (Gen., Apocyni). Eng., Apocynum. Syno- nym, Canadian Hemp. The dried rhyzome of Apocynum canna- binum. Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Apocyni. Eng., Fluidextract of Apocynum. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc.). This drug should not be confused with Cannabis Indica, which is commonly called Indian Hemp and is a powerful poison. Therapeutic Action. — Cardiac stimulant and diuretic. Uses. — Its use is now almost confined to the treatment of certain forms of dropsy. Administration. — Seldom employed. When used the tincture or fluid extract is generally prescribed alone. APOMORPHINiE HYDROCHLORIDUM. See Opium, p. 242. AQUA. Latin, Aqua (Gen., Aquae). Eng., Water. Formula, H 2 0. Potable water in its purest obtainable state. This is the great ve- hicle of medicine. The old custom still adhered to by some physi- 1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 66 AQUA DESTILLATA. ■ cians of prescribing rain-water, river-water, etc., is not recom- mended, as the one prescribed may not be obtainable by the par- ticular pharmacist handling the order, and if the word water is employed the purest potable water will be used. Distilled water should only be specified when its use is particularly indicated. AQUA— Water— Medicated Water. Used in this sense a water is an aqueous solution of a volatile substance. They usually contain only a comparatively small per cent, of the active drug. Many of them are merely water saturated with a volatile oil. They are used more as vehicles and to give odor and taste to solutions. There are eighteen official waters. Aqua Ammoniae. — See Ammonium. Aqua Ammoniae Fortior. — See Ammonium. Aqua Amygdalae Amarae. — See Amygdala Amara. Aqua Anisi. — See Anisum. Aqua Aurantii Florum. — See Aurantium. Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior. — See Aurantium. Aqua Camphorae. — See Camphora. Aqua Chloroform!. — See Chloroformum. Aqua Cinnamomi. — See Cinnamomum. Aqua Creosoti. — See Creosotum. Aqua Destillata. — See Aqua. Aqua Foeniculi. — See Fceniculum. Aqua Hamamelidis. — See Hamamelis. Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi. — See next page. Aqua Menthae Piperitae. — See Mentha Piperita. Aqua Menthae Viridis. — See Mentha Viridis. Aqua Rosae. — See Rosa. Aqua Rosae Fortior. — See Rosa. AQUA DESTILLATA. Latin, Aqua Destillata (Gen., Aquae Destillata?). Eng., Distilled water. This should be the vehicle used in prescribing solutions of silver nitrate, potassium permanganate, corrosive mercuric chloride, boric acid, calcium chloride, lead acetate and subacetate, iron sulphate, zinc sulphate, tartar emetic, all solutions for hypodermic or intravenous use, eye-washes, and it is usually desirable for simple solutions of al- kaloidal salts. It is entirely unnecessary to make common use of dis- tilled water. Such employment may be well attributed by the pharmacist to the ignorance of the prescriber. ARGENTUM. 67 AQUA HYDROGENII DIOXIDI. Latin, Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Gen., Aquae Hydrogenii Di- oxidi). Eng., Solution of Hydrogen Dioxide. Synonym, Peroxide of Hydrogen. An aqueous solution which should contain, when freshly pre- pared, about 3 per cent, by weight of absolute Hydrogen Dioxide. Form. — A colorless liquid. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A slightly acidulous taste and pro- ducing a peculiar sensation and soapy froth in the mouth. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic and deodorant. Uses. — It is seldom used internally. Locally, it is extensively employed in the treatment of sores, ulcers, abscesses, tonsillitis, diphtheria, scarlatina, stomatitis, etc. Administration. — This preparation is prescribed either alone or diluted with one or more volumes of distilled water. It is seldom prescribed with other medicinal agents. The manner of prescribing is shown in the following: $ or Aquas Hydrogenii Diox fSij 601 M. Sig. — Use 1 part to 3 parts of water as a spray. Or: fy or Aquae Hydrogenii Diox fBj 301 Aquae Destillatae q. s. f 3iv 120| M. Sig. — Use as a spray every four hours. ARGENTUM— Silver. (Nof Official.) Official Salts and Preparations. ARGENTI CYANIDUM. Eng., Silver Cyanide. ARGENTI NITRAS (Gen., Argenti Nitratis). Eng., Silver Nitrate. Formula, AgNOg. Form. — Colorless crystals becoming dark on exposure to light in the pres- ence of organic matter. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; bitter, caustic, metallic taste. Solubility. — In 0.54 part water and in 24 parts alcohol (incompatible). Incompatibles. — Acetates, arsenites, bromides, carbonates, chlorides, chro- mates, cyanides, hypophosphites, iodides, phosphates, sulphides, sulphates, 68 ARGEXTUM. tartrates, acids (except nitric), alkalies, alkaloids, alcohol, creosote, and organic matter generally. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Official Preparations. Argenti Nitras Fusus. Eng., Moulded Silver Xitrate. Synonyms, Caustic, Lunar Caustic. Hard white pencils or cones made by treat- ing 100 Gm. of Silver Xitrate with 4 Gm. of Hydrochloric Acid and melt- ing and moulding the product. Argenti Nitras Mitigatus. Eng., Mitigated Silver X'itrate. Synonym, Diluted Lunar Caustic. Hard white pencils or cones composed of about one-third Silver X'itrate and two-thirds Potassium Xitrate. ARGENTI OXIDUM. Eng., Silver Oxide. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Silver Xitrate and Caustic are antisep- tic, germicide, astringent and caustic. Uses. — Silver Nitrate is sometimes used by mouth in such conditions as gastric catarrh, gastric ulcer, etc. By rectum for ulceration, fissure, amoebic dysentery, etc. It is used as an ap- plication for tonsillitis, diphtheria, scarlatina, ulcers, chancroids, and kindred conditions. It is used in eye diseases, particularly for the prevention and cure of gonorrheal ophthalmia. Frequently used for vaginitis, endometritis, etc. Administration. — Practically the only preparations of silver employed by the physician are the Nitrate and the Fused Nitrate. The latter is frequently used by the physician, but seldom prescribed. Silver Xitrate is practically always prescribed alone. Internally. — The drug if prescribed is probably best administered in the form of the pills prepared by the pharmaceutical manufac- turing houses. They may be ordered as : Pil. Argenti Xitratis (gr. %) no. xx. Sig. — One three times a day. Locally. — Silver Nitrate is not often prescribed to be used by the patient, but is frequently employed by the physician in the form of aqueous solution. The strength of the solution varies from 1 : 5 to 1 : 1000. Solutions for the prescribers use may be ordered as : R or Argenti X T itratis gr. xlv 3| Aquas Destillatae q. s. f I] 30| M. Sig.— "Poison." Ten per cent, solution of silver nitrate. ARNICA. 69 Unofficial Salts of Silver. ARGYROL. — A proteid salt of silver (silver vitellin) in the form of black hygroscopic scales representing about 30 per cent, of metallic silver. It is freely soluble in water, forming a dark-colored solution that stains material brown to black. Therapeutic Action. — Said to be an antiseptic, germicide, etc. Uses. — Extensively employed in solution as a non-irritating application in the treatment of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, etc. Used as an injection for gonorrhea and cystitis; also as an application for vaginitis, vulvitis, pruritus vulvae and kindred conditions. Administration. — Usually employed in solution in distilled water in from 5 per cent, to 25 per cent, strength. In the treatment of gonorrhea : B or Argyrol 3iij 12| Aquae Dest q. s. f Bvj 180| M. Sig. — Inject after urination. A 20 per cent, solution of argyrol as is used in tonsillitis. vaginitis, etc., may be ordered as : B or Argyrol gr. xc 6| Aquae Dest q. s. f I) 30| M. Sig. — Apply as directed. PROTARGOL. — A proteid compound of silver representing abcut 8 per cent, of the metal. A yellow powder, slowly but freely soluble in water. Therapeutic Action. — Said to be an antiseptic and germicide. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, tonsillitis, ulcers, etc. Administration. — Usuallv employed in aqueous solution. ARNICA. Latin, Arnica (Gen., Arnicse). Eng., Arnica. Synonym. Leopard's bane. The dried flower-heads of Arnica moutana. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 70 ARSENUM. Official Preparation. Tinctura Arnicae. Eng., Tincture of Arnica. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Arnica has been variously classed as an irritant, carminative, tonic, etc. Uses. — The use of arnica is largely confined to the application of the tincture alone, or with other agents, for bruises, sprains, rheumatism, etc. Administration. — Seldom prescribed internally. The tincture is sometimes employed externally with other agents in the form of a liniment. ARSENUM— Arsenic. (Not Official.) Official Salts and Preparations. ARSENI TRIOXIDUM (Gen., Arseni Trioxidi). Eng., Arsenic Tri- oxide. Synonyms, Arsenous Acid, White Arsenic. Form. — Heavy white powder or irregular masses. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — In from 30 to 100 parts of water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Tannic acid; salts of iron, copper, and magnesium; lime water, iodides, etc. In the very dilute solutions in which arsenic is used, incompatibility is seldom a factor. Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.002 Gm.). Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. Eng., Solution of Arsenous Acid. A color- less aqueous solution containing 1 per cent, of Arsenic Trioxide. Incompatibles. — See Arseni Trioxidum. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Liquor Potassii Arsenitis. Eng., Solution of Potassium Arsenite. Synonym, Fowler's Solution. A slightly colored aqueous solution in the preparation of which 1 per cent. Arsenic Trioxide is used. Incompatibles. — See Arseni Trioxidum. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). SODII ARSENAS. Eng., Sodium Arsenate. Average Dose. — Ho grain (0.005 Gm.). Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus. Eng., Exsiccated Sodium Arsenate. Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.003 Gm.). Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. Eng., Solution of Sodium Arsenate. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). ARSENI IODIDUM. Eng., Arsenous Iodide. Average Dose. — %o grain (0.005 Gm.). Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi. Eng., Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodides. Synonym, Donovan's Solution. A clear or slightly ARSENUM. 71 yellowish aqueous liquid containing 1 per cent, of Arsenous Iodide and 1 per cent, of Red Mercuric Iodide. Iiicompatibles. — See Arseni Trioxidum and Hydrargyrum. Average Dose. — l l / 2 minims (0.1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Alterative, tonic, escharotic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of malaria, anemia, syphilis pellagra, goiter, neurasthenia, hysteria, chorea, and various skin diseases, as eczema, herpes, etc. Locally it is used in dentistry and in the treatment of cancer. Toxicology. — Among the symptoms of acute arsenic poison- ing are epigastric and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, rice- water and bloody stools, purging, tenesmus, dryness of throat, thirst, frequent micturition, albuminuria, depression, skin lesions and edema. The treatment consists principally in washing out the stomach with a suspension of freshly precipitated ferric hydroxide with magnesium oxide and leaving in the stomach enough of the antidote to act upon any remaining arsenic. If this official antidote is not available or the ingredients for mak- ing it, the tincture of ferric chloride with magnesium oxide or "Milk of Magnesia" may be used. Morphine may be cautiously used for the intestinal condition and demulcents freely given. The patient should be kept warm and stimulants used as indi- cated. The patient should be kept under observation several days, as symptoms may recur. Administration. — Some useful prescriptions illustrating the em- ployment of Arsenic are shown in the following: The prescription for the rather extensively used Asiatic Pill (best given in capsule") is as follows : R 1 or Arseni Trioxidi er. ij 13 Piperis Pulv 3ij 800 Ext. Gentians 3ij 8|00 M. ft. cap. no. lx. Sig. — One after each meal. As a tonic in malaria, etc. : R or Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij 1130 Strychninse Sulph gr. j 1065 Quinine Sulph gr. cl 1 J 000 Massae Ferri Carb gr. cl 10 000 M. ft. cap. no. l. Sig. — One after each meal. 1 Ohmann-Duruesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 72 ARSENUM. As a general tonic in debility, anemia, etc., the quinine sulphate is reduced to about 50 grains. Ferrum Reductum (about 100 grains) may be substituted for the Massa Ferri Carbonatis particularly when there is constipation. In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc. : I^i or Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss 03 Asafcetidae Pulv gr. x 65 Ext. Sumbul, Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa. gr. xx 1 30 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. As a postoperative tonic : B 2 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., Arseni Trioxidi aa.gr. j 065 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. xxv 1 600 Ferri et Quin. Cit gr. cc 13 000 M. ft. cap. no. c. Sig. — One after each meal. The extensively used combination of "Four Chlorides" is shown in the following: ft or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f 3ij 8 Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, Acidi Hydrochl. Dil., Glycerini aa. f Sj 30 Aquae q. s. f Svj 180 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 13 00 00 00 In combination as a tonic, particularly in the treatment of malaria : ft Quininae Sulph 3ij Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f3ij Tinct. Ferri Chloridi f3vj Glycerini f §j Aquae q. s. f Svj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 23 1 30| 1801 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. -Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. ASAFGETIDA. 73 In the treatment of the chronic vomiting of childhood : #1 or Liq. Potas. Arsenitis irixij |75 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xxiv l|i'>0 Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. fgiij 90|00 M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful three times a day. When it is desired to give arsenic alone or to give for some par- ticular effect it may be ordered as follows : I£ or Liq. Potas. Arsenitis fSj 30| Sig. — Begin with three (3) drops as directed. Or: B or Liq. Potas. Arsenitis f3iss 6| Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Siv 120J M. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water after meals. ASAFCETIDA. Asafcetida (Gen., Asafcetidae). Eng., Asafetida. A gum-resin obtained from the root of Ferula fcctida and possibly other species of Ferula. Form. — A gum-resin appearing in the form of brownish, irreg- ular masses. Odor and Taste. — Disagreeable odor and taste. Solubility. — Active constituents insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Preparations. Emulsum Asafcetidae. Eng., Emulsion of Asafetida. Contains 4 per cent, of Asafetida. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Pilulae Asafcetidae. Eng., Pills of Asafetida. Each pill contains about 3 grains of Asafetida. Average Dose. — 2 pills. Tinctura Asafcetidae. Eng., Tincture of Asafetida. Represents 20 per cent, of Asafetida in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 74 ASPIDIUM. Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, sedative, antispasmodic. Uses. — By mouth it is sometimes given for nervousness, hys- teria, flatulence, whooping-cough and kindred conditions. By enema it is extensively used to relieve the tympanites of typhoid, pelvic inflammation, peritonitis, etc. Administration. — Owing to the extremely disagreeable odor and taste asafetida is not often prescribed for administration by mouth. The following prescriptions illustrate its employment : B Pil. Asafoetidae no. s Sig. — One after each meal. Or: 3 or Asafoetidae Pulv.. Sodii Bicarbonatis aa. oss 2j M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One after each meal. In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc.: Ri or Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss |03 Asafoetidae Pulv gr. x |65 Ext. Sumbul, Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa.gr. x x 1 130 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. As an enema to remove intestinal gas : I* Tinct. Asafoetidae f3ij Sig. — Use teaspoonful to y 2 gallon warm water as directed. ASPIDIUM. Latin, Aspidium (Gen., Aspidii). Eng., Aspidium. Synonym, Male Fern. The dried rhizome of Dryopterus felix-mas or of Dryopterus marginalis. Average Dose. — 60 Grains (4 Gm.). Official Preparations. Oleoresina Aspidii. Eng., Oleoresin of Aspidium. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. AURANTIT DULCIS CORTEX. 75 Therapeutic Action. — Tseniafuge and anthelmintic. Uses. — It is used almost exclusively for the removal of tape- worms. Administration. — If used at all it should be employed with extreme caution, and castor oil or other fixed oils avoided. In the treatment for tapeworm : $ or Oleoresinse Aspidii, . Chlorof ormi aa. f 3j 4 00 Olei Tiglii n\ iv 25 Glycerini q. s. f §ij 60 00 M. Sig.— "Shake." Take half at 8 a.m., the rest in an hour if needed. ATROPINA. See Belladonna, p. 80. ATROPINA SULPHAS. See Belladonna, p. 80. AURANTII AMARI CORTEX. Latin, Aurantii Amari Cortex (Gen., Aurantii Amari Corticis). Eng., Bitter Orange Peel. The dried rind of the unripe fruit of Citrus vulgaris. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari. Eng., Fluidextract of Bitter Orange Peel. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Tinctura Aurantii Amari. Eng., Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 nuidrachm (4 Cc). Bitter Orange Peel is used in preparing Compound Tincture of Cin- chona and Compound Tincture of Gentian. AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. Latin, Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (Gen., Aurantii Dulcis Corticis). Eng., Sweet Orange Peel. The recently separated outer rind of the ripe fruit of Citrus aurantium. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 76 AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. Official Preparations and Constituent. Syrupus Aurantii. Eng., Syrup of Orange. Represents 2.5 per cent, of the drug. Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis. Eng., Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel. Represents 50 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel is contained in Wine of Iron and Bitter Wine of Iron. Oleum Aurantii Corticis. Eng., Oil of Orange Peel. A volatile oil obtained from the fresh peel of the sweet orange. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Official Preparations of the Oil. Elixir Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic Elixir. Contains about 1.2 per cent, of Compound Spirit of Orange and 25 per cent, alcohol with sugar and water. Spiritus Aurantii Compositus. Eng., Compound Spirit of Orange. Oil of Orange, 200 Cc. ; Oil of Lemon, 50 Cc. ; Oil of Coriander, 20 Cc. ; Oil of Anise, 5 Cc. ; Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. Compound Spirit of Orange is contained in Aromatic Fluidextract of Cascara. Official Preparations of the Volatile Oil of Fresh Orange Flowers. Aqua Aurantii Florum. Eng., Orange Flower Water. Equal parts of Stronger Orange Flower Water and Distilled Water. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Orange Flower Water is contained in several official preparations. Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior. Eng., Stronger Orange Flower Water. Water saturated with the Volatile Oil of fresh Orange Flowers. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). This preparation is used in making several troches. Syrupus Aurantii Florum. Eng., Syrup of Orange Flowers. Sugar 850 Gm., Orange Flower Water, to make 1000 Cc Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, tonic. Uses. — These preparations of orange are used for flavoring purposes and as vehicles. The preparations of Bitter Orange Peel are also employed as bitter tonics. Aromatic Elixir is one of the most useful vehicles in the Pharmacopoeia. The smaller drug-stores often will be unable to suply good fresh preparations of Syrup of Orange or Syrup of Orange Flow- ers, and the Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel and the Compound Spirit of Orange are so seldom used in some sections that they are not carried in stock. AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. 77 Administration. — Some common methods of prescribing are shown in the following formulae : In the treatment of headache following a debauch : Ri or Ammonii Bromidi 3iij 12 Spir. Ammonias Arom f3iv 15 Elix. Aromatici q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours till relieved. As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic : $2 or Codeinae Sulphatis gr. ss |03 Antipyrinse gr. xvj 1 100 Syrupi Anrantii q. s. fSij 60100 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. In the treatment of convulsions : R 3 or Chlorali Hydrati gr. viij 15 Sodii Bromidi gr. xvj 10 Syrupi Anrantii q. s. fSij 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful. Repeat in one hour if necessary. In the treatment of tuberculosis : R 4 or Creosoti TTLxxiv 115 Glycerini fSij 60|0 Tinct. Anrantii Dulc q. s. £5iij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water or milk after meals. In the treatment of stomatitis : R 5 or Potassii Chloratis gr. xxiv 1|5 Syrupi Aurantii f3j 30|0 Aquae q. s. fBiij 90|0 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 3 ma. 4 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 5 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 78 BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. AURI et SODII CHLORIDUM. Latin, Auri et Sodii Chloridum. Eng., Gold and Sodium Chloride. A mixture of equal parts by weight of the anhydrous chlorides of gold and sodium. An orange-yellow powder, odorless, having a saline and metallic taste and deliquescent when exposed to damp air. Freely soluble in water. Average Dose. — y 10 grain (0.005 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be alterative, tonic, nerve seda- tive, aphrodisiac. Use. — Sometimes used in the treatment of chronic nephritis, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic gastritis, impotence, etc. Seldom prescribed. BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. Latin, Balsamum Peruvianum (Gen., Balsami Peruviani). Eng., Balsam of Peru. A balsam obtained from Toluifera pereirce. Form. — A thick, dark-brown liquid. Odor and Taste. — An agreeable vanilla-like odor and disagree- able bitter taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water. Soluble in 5 parts alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Internally, said to be expectorant, stim- ulant, etc. Externally, antiseptic and stimulant to granulating- areas. Uses. — Extensively employed in the treatment of burns, ab- scesses, indolent ulcers and kindred conditions. Administration. — Balsam of Peru is extensively used as a local application, being prescribed either alone (as for indolent ulcers) or. in combinations. Used alone in the treatment of indolent ulcers : B or Bal. Peruviani f I) 30| Sig. — Apply twice daily. In the treatment of superficial burns : B or Bal. Peruviani f3iv 151 Olei Ricini q. s. fSiv 120| M. Sig. — Apply freely twice a day. BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. 79 BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Latin, Balsamum Tolutanum (Gen., Balsami Tolutanti). Eng., Balsam of Tolu. A balsam obtained from Toluifera balsamum. Form. — A yellowish-brown plastic solid becoming brittle when old or dried or exposed to cold. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Syrupus Tolutanus. Eng., Syrup of Tolu. Represents about 1 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc.). Tinctura Tolutana. Eng., Tincture of Tolu. Represents about 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Tolu is employed in several other official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, stomachic. Uses. — Practically confined to the employment of its prepara- tions as flavors and vehicles, particularly in cough preparations. Administration. — The Syrup is the only form in which the drug is often prescribed. In the treatment of the cough of measles : $i or Potassii Citratis «5iv 15| Limonis Succi f3j 30 1 Tinct. Opii Camph f3ij 8| Syr. Ipecacuanha? f3ij 8| Syr. Tolutani q. s. f3ij 601 M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful every two hours. In the treatment of spasmodic croup (child 2 years old) : $ 2 or Ammonii Bromidi 3ss 2| Tinct. Opii Camph f3ss 2j Tinct. Belladon. Fol TTtxv 1 Syr. Tolutani fSj . 30 1 Aquae q. s. f Si j 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 80 BELLADONNA. In the treatment of capillary bronchitis of infants : B 1 or Ammonii Carb., gr. xx 1 13 Syr. Tolutani f.£ss 15 Liq. Ammonii Acet q. s. fSiij 9010 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. In the treatment of a cough : I&2 or Codeinae sulphatis gr. iiss 1 16 Potassii Citratis 3ij 8|00 Syr. Tolutani fSj 30|00 Aquae q. s. ffiij 90|00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. BELLADONNA. Latin, Belladonna (Gen., Belladonnae). Eng., Belladonna. Synonym, Deadly Night-shade. The following parts are official : Belladonnae Folia. Eng., Belladonna Leaves. The dried leaves of Atropa belladonna containing not less than 0.35 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids (principally atropine). Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Belladonna Radix. Eng., Belladonna Root. The dried root of Atropa belladonna containing not less than 0.5 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids (principally atropine). Average Dose. — 24 grain (0.045 Gm.). Official Preparations of the Leaves. Emplastrum Belladonnae. Eng., Belladonna Plaster. Contains 30 per cent, of the Extract of Belladonna Leaves: Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum. Eng., Extract of Belladonna Leaves. Contains 1.4 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Extract of Belladonna is a constituent of Pilulse Laxative Compositse and Pilulae Podophylli, Belladonna? et Capsici. Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum. Eng., Tincture of Belladonna Leaves. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug in diluted alcohol. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. BELLADONNA. 81 Unguentum Belladonnae. Eng., Belladonna Ointment. Contains 10 per cent, of the Extract of Belladonna Leaves. Official Preparations of the Root. Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis. Eng., Fluidextract of Bella- donna Root. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Linimentum Belladonnae. Eng., Belladonna Liniment. Contains 5 per cent, of camphor in Fluidextract of Belladonna Root. Official Alkaloid and Salt. Atropina. Eng., Atropine. Average Dose. — %eo grain (0.0004 Gm.). Atropine (2 per cent.) is contained in Oleatum Atropinse. Atrophias Sulphas. Eng., Sulphate of Atropine. Average Dose. — %eo grain (0.0004 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, narcotic, anodyne, anti- spasmodic, mydriatic, rubefacient. Uses. — Used as an antispasmodic and anodyne in connection with other agents, as morphine or bromides, in the treatment of renal colic, gall-stone colic, cramp colic, dysmenorrhea, etc. Employed with other agents for cystitis, constipation, neuralgia, asthma, whooping-cough, incontinence of urine, etc. Useful for pulmonary edema, night-sweats, salivation, hay fever, and to arrest the secretion of milk. Used externally in ointments for glandular swellings, infections, etc. Atropine or homatropine are employed to dilate the pupil. Toxicology. — Belladonna poisoning is usually manifested by dilated pupils, dry mouth, dry and flushed skin, excitement, delirium, elevated blood-pressure and rapid pulse. Later there may follow collapse and coma. There may be a skin eruption which is usually scarlatiniform in appearance. Treatment. — In the early stages the stomach should be washed out, preferably with a solution of potassium permanganate (about 1:3000), and sedatives and ice-cap used as indicated. Morphine, with proper care, is serviceable. During the stage of coma, stimulants, as caffeine, camphor, etc., are indicated. Administration. — Internal. The tincture and extract and atro- pine sulphate are the preparations most commonly used, the tinc- ture being used for solutions and the extract or atropine sulphate when it is desired to give in pills, capsules, etc. 82 BELLADONNA. or 23 15 90 Hypodermic. — Atropine Sulphate is the form employed, either alone or more commonly with morphine. It is used by the physician but not prescribed to be used by the patient. Locally. — The extract itself or the ointment made from the ex- tract are the preparations most commonly used. The following prescriptions illustrate : In the treatment of cystitis : Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3ij Potassii Citratis 3vj Sodii Bromidi 3iv Aquas Menth. Pip q. s. f §iij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours. In the treatment of whooping-cough : Antipyrinae gr. l Sodii Bromidi 3ij Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3ss Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. fSiij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. (For child 5 years old). In the treatment of gonorrhoea : Acidi Borici, Sodii Bromidi aa. gr. clx Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3j Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. flviij M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. or 3 8 2 90 or 10 4 240 In the treatment of spasmodic croup : R 2 Ammonii Bromidi 3ss Tinct. Opii Camph f«5ss Tinct. Belladon. Fol ntxv Syr. Tolutani f,§j Aquae q. s. fBij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. (For child 2 years old). or 2 2 1 30 60 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. BELLADOXXA. 83 As a postoperative laxative : I^i or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j |065 Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xx 1|300 Ext. Colocynth. Comp gr. xxv 1 600 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One at bedtime. In the treatment of constipation : 1*2 or Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xl 2|50 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij j 13 Resinae Podophylli gr. ij j 13 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One at bedtime. In the treatment of coryza : $3 or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ss 03 Camphorae gr. vj 40 Quininas Sulph., Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii aa. gr. xij 80 M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One every half-hour for four hours, then one every three hours. In the treatment of inflammations, as mastitis, furuncle, inflam- matory rheumatism, orchitis, etc. : I* or Camphorae 3ss 2| Ung. Belladon., Ichthyolis aa. 3ij 8| Petrolati q. s. §j 30 1 M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. To relieve pain, particularly in such conditions as cystitis, oophoritis, appendicitis, etc. : B or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j 065 Ext. Opii • gr. iij 200 Olei Theobromatis q. s. M. ft. suppos. no. iv. Sig. — One twice dailv. 1 Ashton : Practice of Gynecology. 2 Ibid. 3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 84 BEXZALDEHYDUM. BEXZOIXUM. In the treatment of salivation: $i or Atropines Sulphatis gr. ^2 Sacchari Lactis 3ss M. ft. cht. no. x. Sig. — One every three hours until pupils dilate. |002 21000 As a purgative prescription, particularly for such conditions as colds, grip, acute alcoholism, etc. : & or Atropinae Sulph gr. %oo 0006 Strychninae Sulph gr. ^0 0020 Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. v 3200 Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. vj 4000 M. ft. cap. no. iv. Sig. — One every hour. BENZALDEHYDUM. Latin, Benzaldehydum. Eng., Benzaldehyde. liquid. Average Dose. — ]/ 2 minim (0.03 Cc). Used commercially as a flavoring agent. A colorless BENZINUM. Latin, Benzinum. Eng., Petroleum Benzin. Synonym, Ben- zin. A colorless liquid. Official Preparation. Benzinum Purificatum. Eng.. Purified Petroleum Benzin. A color- less liquid. BENZOINUM. Latin, Benzoinum (Gen., Benzoini). Eng., Benzoin. Synonym, Gum Benzoin. A balsamic resin obtained from Styrax benzoin and other species of Styrax. Active ingredients, Benzoic Acid, Volatile Oil, etc. Form. — Usually appearing as brownish tears or fragments. Odor and Taste. — Pleasant odor and slightly acid taste. Solubility. — Active constituents soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in water. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. BENZOINUM. 85 Official Preparations. Adeps Benzoinatus. — See Adeps, p. 44. Tinctura Benzoini. Eng., Tincture of Benzoin. Benzoin, 200 Gm. ; Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Tinctura Benzoini Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Benzoin. Synonym, Friar's Balsam. Benzoin, 100 Gm. ; Storax, 80 Gm.; Balsam of Tolu, 40 Gm. ; Purified Aloes, 20 Gm. ; Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). The tincture and the compound tincture are frequently employed. Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant and expectorant. Uses. — The tinctures of benzoin are sometimes used by mouth as expectorants fof cough, bronchitis, etc. By inhalation the compound tincture is frequently used for cough, bronchitis, pneumonia, croup, etc. Externally the tinctures are employed in cosmetics to add sticking qualities and as protectives. The use of Benzoin by inhalation in bronchitis, whooping-cough, etc., is shown in the following: I* or Tinct. Benzoini Co fSij 601 Sig. — Use teaspoon ful to pitcher of hot water as directed. n or Creosoti f3i j 8 Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s f 5ij 60 M. Sig. — Use teaspoon ful to pitcher of hot water as directed. Written instructions should be given in detail as to the method of employment. Usually for about fifteen minutes every three hours. The Compound Tincture of Benzoin lends itself well to the local application of remedies, as in the following antiparasitics : R or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss |003 Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. f&j 30 000 M. Sig. — Paint the part twice daily. B or Acidi Salicylici gr. x 16 Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. f'5j 30(0 M. Sig. — Paint the part twice daily. 86 BENZOINUM. ACIDUM BENZOICUM (Gen., Acidi Benzoici). Eng., Benzoic Acid. Formula, HC7H5O2. An organic acid obtained from benzoin or pre- pared artificially. Form. — Whitish scales or needles. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and somewhat pungent taste. Solubility. — In 281 parts of water and 1.8 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 7% grains (0.500 Gm.). Benzoic Acid is contained in Liquor Antisepticus and Tinctura Opii Camphorata. Official Benzoates. Incompatiblcs. — Acids, ferric salts, alkali hydroxides, lead acetate, cor- rosive mercuric chloride. AMMONII BENZOAS. Eng., Ammonium Benzoate. Formula, NH4C7H5O2. Form. — White crystals or crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Slight odor; saline, bitter, afterward slightly acid taste. Solubility. — In about 10.5 parts of water or 28 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). LITHII BENZOAS. Eng., Lithium Benzoate. Formula, LiC 7 H 5 2 . Form. — A white powder or small crystalline scales. Odor and Taste. — Slight odor ; a cooling, sweetish taste. Solubility. — In 3 parts of water or 13 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). SODII BENZOAS. Eng., Sodium Benzoate. Formula, NaC 7 H 5 02. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless ; a sweetish, astringent taste. Solubility. — In 1.6 parts of water or 43 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, stimulant, expectorant, diu- retic, antipyretic. Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of genito-urinary diseases, as gonorrhea, cystitis, etc., particularly when it is desirable to increase the acidity of the urine. Administration. — Sodium Benzoate is the preparation most frequently used. The Benzoates may be administered in cap- sules or in solution in a vehicle, as water, peppermint water, or aromatic elixir. In cystitis, gonorrhea, etc., with alkaline urine : B or Lithii Benzoatis 3iv 151 Potassi Bromidi 3iij 12 Inf. Buchu q. s. Sij 81 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every four hours. BEXZOSULPHIXIDUM. BERBERIS. 87 For rendering the urine more acid : $1 or Acidi Benzoici 3ij 8| Acidi Borici 3iij 12| Aquae Cinnamomi fSxij 360| M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. In the treatment of acne : I£2 or Sodii Benzoatis 3ij 8 Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f3ij 8 Flext. Rhamni Pursh £5.ss 15 Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. BENZOSULPHINIDUM. Latin, Benzosulphinidum (Gen., Benzosulphinidi). Eng., Ben- zosulphinide, Saccharin. Form. — A white, crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Nearly odorless, and intensely sweet taste. Solubility. — In 250 parts of water or 25 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). The product is from 300 to 550 times as sweet as sugar. Uses. — Employed as a substitute for sugar. Administration. — It is sometimes prescribed in formulae, as for the "tasteless" Castor Oil (see p. 240) or to be used by diabetics in place of sugar. BERBERIS. Latin, Berberis (Gen., Berberidis). Eng., Berberis. The rhizome and roots of Berberis aquifolium and other species of Berberis. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Berberidis. Eng., Fluidextract of Berberis. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a cholagogue, alterative, antiperiodic and diuretic. 1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. - Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 88 BETANAPHTHOL. Uses. — Has been recommended for syphilis, chronic hepatitis, malaria, etc. Seldom prescribed. BETANAPHTHOL. Latin, Betanaphthol (Gen., Betanaphtholis). Eng., Betanaph- thol. Synonym, Naphthol. A Phenol occurring in coal-tar, but usually prepared from naphthalene. Form. — Colorless or pale buff-colored crystals or powder. Odor and Taste. — Faint, phenol-like odor and slight pungent taste. Solubility. — In 950 parts of water and 0.61 part alcohol. Incompatibles. — Antipyrine, camphor, exalgine, ferric chloride, menthol, phenol, potassium permanganate, urethane. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, irritant. Uses. — Sometimes used internally for" diarrhea, intestinal in- digestion, flatulent dyspepsia, typhoid fever, etc. Externally, it is used for various skin diseases, as scabies, ringworms, sebor- rhea and kindred disorders. Administration. — Internally. — It is sometimes used as a salt, particularly Bismuth Betanaphthol. In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : I*i or Betanaphtholis , 3j 4| Bismuthi Subgal Sij 8| M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One every three hours. Externally it is extensively used by the dermatologist. The following will illustrate some combinations : In the treatment of seborrhea : R2 or Resorcinolis Sj 410 Betanaphtholis gr. xx 1 [3 Tinct. Cinchonae Comp fSiij 12|0 Spiritns Myrcise q. s. f 3vj 180J0 M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 2 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. BISMUTHUM. 89 In the treatment of seborrhea : 31 or Betanaphtholis f 3ij 8 1 Alcoholis f£ij 90| Spir. Myrciae q. s. fSvj 180| M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. In the treatment of scabies : R2 or Betanaphtholis, Sulphuris Prsecip aa. 3ss 2| Petrolati q. s. Sj 30| M. Sig. — Apply as directed. Used in the treatment of grain-itch : B 3 or Betanaphtholis gr. xxx 2|0 Sulphuris Przecip gr. xl 2 5 Adipis Benzoinati q. s. 3j 3010 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of ringworm of the scalp : $ 4 or Betanaphtholis 3ss 21 Olei Cadini '3j 41 Ung. Sulphuris q. s. §j 30| M. Sig. — Apply as directed. BISMUTHUM— Bismuth. (Not Official.) Official Salts. General Character of Bismuth Salts. Form. — All white, or nearly white, powders except the subgallate, which is yellow, and the Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, which is in the form of pearly scales. Odor and Taste. — All practically odorless and tasteless except Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, which has a metallic taste. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 4 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 90 BISMUTHUM. Solubility. — All practically insoluble except the Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, which is soluble in water. Incompatibles. — As they are insoluble and usually given in dry form, incompatibility is seldom a factor. They are best not prescribed with other acids or with iodine, iodides, etc. BISMUTHI CITRAS. Eng., Bismuth Citrate. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). BISMUTHI ET AMMONII CITRAS. Eng., Bismuth and Am- monium Citrate. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). BISMUTHI SUBCARBONAS. Eng., Bismuth Subcarbonate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). BISMUTHI SUBGALLAS. Eng., Bismuth Subgallate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. Eng., Bismuth Subnitrate. Average Dose. — 7 l /> grains (0.500 Gm.). BISMUTHI SUBSALICYLAS. Eng, Bismuth Subsalicylate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent, protective. Uses. — Internally used in the treatment of gastritis, hyper- chlorhydria, gastric ulcer, diarrhea, dysentery, etc. Externally, in powders or ointments in the treatment of ulcers, burns, miliaria, eczema and many other skin conditions. The subnitrate with petrolatum (Beck's Paste) is used for chronic suppurating sinuses, cavities, etc., particularly of tuberculous origin. Administration. — Internally. — The subnitrate is the salt of common choice, though the subgallate is considered more astringent, and the subcarbonate better for some forms of gas- tric disturbances. The tendency is to give large doses. These salts may be given dry or in mixtures, but when in the latter form, as the powders are heavy, care should be exercised that the liquid be sufficiently thick to hold the powder suspended while a dose is being poured. The following examples show some usual combinations : When it is desired to administer a bismuth salt alone it may be ordered as follows : R or Bismuthi Subnit 3ij 8| Ft. cht. no. xij. Sig. — One every four hours. BISMUTHUM. 91 Or: 1^ or Bismuthi Subnit gr. clx 10| Muc. Acaciae Sss 15 Syr. Limonis . . . . q. s. f §i j 60 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonftil every four hours. In the treatment of the intestinal disturbances of childhood when the bismuth salt does not change the character of the stool it is often combined with sulphur at the time of administration. In addition to one of the prescriptions just given, another is written as follows : n or Sulphuris Pnecip gr. xxx 21 M. ft. cht. no. xv. Sig. — One with each dose of the other medicine. In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : R 1 or Betanaphtholis 3j 41 Bismuthi Subgal 3ij 81 M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One every three hours. This could also be ordered in suspension in mucilage of acacia, syrup, etc. Used for the relief of abdominal tympany: I£ 2 or Phenylis Salicyl gr. xx 1 13 Bismuthi Subnitr gr. 1 310 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One two hours after each meal. This may be ordered in powders. In the treatment of dysentery : B 3 or Phenylis Salicyl.. Bismuthi Subnitr., Cretse Prep aa. 3j 41 M. ft. cht. no. xij. Sig. — One every two hours. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. - Ashton : Practice of Gynecology. 3 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 92 BISMUTHUM. 15|0 12|0 8|0 13 10 2 4 30 120 In the treatment of gastric ulcer, etc. : Ifc or Bismuthi Subnitratis 3iv Magnesii Oxidi 3iij Calcii Carb. Praecip 3ij 01. Menth. Pip Tn_v M. ft. cht. no. xv. Sig. — One in a glass of milk three times a day. In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : Bi or Bismuthi Subnitratis gr. clx Phenolis Liq n\xxx Tinct. Opii Deod f3j Mucil. Acaciae f o\i Aquae q. s. f 3iv M. Sig.: "Shake." Teaspoonful every three hours. In the treatment of acute intestinal indigestion : 1*2 or Naphthaleni gr. xxx Bismuthi Subsalicyl gr. lxxx Phenolis gr. iv Glycerini fSj Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fSiij M. Sig.— "Shake." Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water every two hours. In the treatment of enterocolitis : R3 or Bismuthi Subnitratis 3ii j Tinct. Kino Tinct. Opii Camph aa. f Siss Mist. Cretae q. s. f ov j M. Sig.: "Shake." Tablespoon ful every three hours. Externally. — Bismuth Subnitrate is extensively used as a local application. It is prescribed either alone or with other agents. The following will illustrate : 2 5 30 90 00 00 32 00 00 12| 45 1 1801 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 2 lb id. 3 Ibid. BISMUTHUM. 93 As a local application in the treatment of impetigo, fever blis- ters, etc. : $ or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. xv 1 1 Bismuthi Subnitratis q. s. 3iv 15 j M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. In the treatment of herpes, bromidrosis, etc. : $1 or Alumenis Pulv 3j 41 Phenylis Salicyl 3ss 21 Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 3j 301 M. Sig.— Apply. In the treatment of erythema venenatum : W 2 or Morphinas Sulph gr. v 32 Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 00 Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. 3j 30 00 M. Sig. — Apply in a thin layer. In the treatment of ecthyma : B 3 or Acidi Borici gr. x 65 Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 00 Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 30 Ung. Aquas Rosae q. s. Sj 30 00 M. Sig. — Apply on a cloth twice daily. In the treatment of dermatitis : R 4 or Phenolis gr. xij |8 Bismuthi Subnitr '. 3iss 6 Adipis Lanae Hyd 5ij 8|0 Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 3j 30|0 M. Sig. — Apply locally. 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 Ohrnann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. s Ibid, 4 Ashtcn: Practice of Gynecology. 94 BROMOFORMUM. BROMUM. BROMOFORMUM. Latin, Bromoformum. Eng., Bromoform. A colorless liquid. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, anaesthetic. Uses. — Has been principally recommended for the treatment of whooping-cough. Not often prescribed. BROMUM. Latin, Bromum. Eng., Bromine. A heavy, dark, brownish-red liquid. Official Bromides. General Characteristics. Form. — Colorless crystals or white granular or crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sharp, saline, rather disagree- able taste. Solubility. — Soluble in less than 2 parts of water and unusually deliques- cent. Soluble in alcohol. Inconipatibles. — Acids, acid salts, many metallic salts, alkaloids, chlorine water, salts of mercury, spirit of nitrous ether. AMMONII BROMIDUM. Eng., Ammonium Bromide. Formula, NH 4 Br. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). CALCII BROMIDUM. Eng., Calcium Bromide. Formula, CaBr 2 . Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). LITHII BROMIDUM. Eng., Lithium Bromide. Formula, LiBr. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). POTASSII BROMIDUM. Eng., Potassium Bromide. Formula, KBr. SODII BROMIDUM. Eng., Sodium Bromide. Formula, NaBr. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). STRONTII BROMIDUM. Eng., Strontium Bromide. Formula, SrBr 2 . Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). ZINCI BROMIDUM. Eng., Zinc Bromide. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, hypnotic, anodyne, antispas- modic. Uses. — To relieve pain or produce quiet or sleep in headache, nervousness, hysteria, epilepsy, alcoholism, tetanus, rabies, strychnine poisoning, eclampsia and kindred conditions. Administration. — It will be noted that the bromides are all white or nearly white salts freely soluble in water, forming BROMUM. 95 clear, colorless solutions. Most of them will become moist on exposure to air, so should not be dispensed in powder. The taste of the salts is usually sharp, so they should be well diluted. "When diluted the taste is not very disagreeable. Thev are best prescribed in solution in such vehicles as water, peppermint water, aromatic elixir, etc. Potassium Bromide is the most largely used, but is not necessarily the most desirable. The bromides may be administered by mouth or rectum. A bromide mav be ordered alone, as : Sodii Bromidi 3ij Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Bj M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful every three hours when needed. or 301 As a hypnotic, sedative, etc., they are often combined with other agents, as: or 3 Chlorali Hydrati 3j Sodii Bromidi 3ij Tinct. Cannabis Ind f3ss Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. fSj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours when necessary Or: 3 or Codeinae Phos gr. iv Chlorali Hydrati 3j Potassii Bromidi 3ij Aquae Chloroformi q. s. flj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours until relieved. Bromides are often prescribed as : fy or Ammon. Bromidi gr. xx Sodii Bromidi gr. xxx Strontii Bromidi gr. xxx Potassii Bromidi gr. xl Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Sj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours when necessary. |26 4|00 8|00 30100 1 2 2 2 30 96 BROMUM. In the treatment of convulsions : Ri or Chlorali Hydrati gr. viij Sodii Bromidi gr. xvj Syrupi Aurantii q. s. f5ij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful. Repeat in one hour if necessary. I 5 1|0 60|0 5 2 3 60 In the treatment of acute laryngitis : B2 or Chlorali Hydrati gr. lxxv Ammonii Bromidi gr. xxx Potassii Bromidi gr. xlv Aquas Cinnamomi q. s. f Bij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every twenty minutes till improvement takes place. In the treatment of headache following a debauch : B3 or Ammonii Bromidi 3iij 12| Spir. Ammonia? Arom f3iv 15| Elix. Aromatici q. s. f 3iij 90| M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours till relieved. In the treatment of gonorrhea : R4 or Acidi Borici, Sodii Bromidi aa.gr. clx 10 Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3j 4 Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. fSviij 240 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. Or: Ifc5 or Tinct. Yeratri m_ viij |5 Potassi Bromidi, Sodii Bicarb aa.gr. clx 10J0 Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. f^viij 240|0 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every two hours. i Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 3 Ibid. 4 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 5 TMd. BUCHU. CAFFEINA. 97 In the treatment of spasmodic croup : Ri or Ammonii Bromidi 3ss 2| Tinct. Opii Camph f3ss 2| Tinct. Belladon. Fol n\xv 1| Syr. Tolutani fSj 30 1 Aquae q. s. f Sij 60| M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. (For child 2 years old). Bromides are frequently used by enema, as in strychnine poison- ing, convulsions, etc. : n or Chlorali Hydrati 3j 4 Sodii Bromidi 3ij 8 Aquae q. s. f Si j 60 M. Sig. — Use tablespoonful to cup of warm water as enema. BUCHU. Latin, Buchu (Gen., Buchu). Eng., Buchu. The dried leaves of Barosma betulina. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Buchu. Eng., Fluidextract of Buchu. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, urinary disinfectant, diapho- retic. Uses. — Principally employed in the treatment of diseases of the genito-urinary tract. Administration. — Usually prescribed in combination with other agents, the most popular preparation being the Elixir of Buchu, Juniper and Potassium Acetate. CAFFEINA. Latin, Caffeina (Gen., Caffeinae). Eng., Caffeine. A feebly basic alkaloid obtained from tea (Thea sinensis) or coffee (Coffea arabica). Coffee contains about 0.67 to 2.25 per cent., and tea about 3.2 per cent. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 7 98 CAFFEIXA. Official Preparations. Caffeina Citrata. Eng., Citrated Caffeine. Composed of equal parts of Caffeine and Citric Acid. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a slightly bitter taste. Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Caffeina Citrata Effervescens. Eng., Effervescent Citrated Caffeine. Contains 4 per cent. Caffeine. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Caffeine is also contained in Purvis Acetanilidi Compositus. Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, diuretic. Uses. — To counteract the depressing effects of analgesics and antipyretics in the treatment of headache, neuralgia, colds, grip, etc. In the treatment of dropsy and cardiac weakness. An effi- cient antidote for poisoning by opium, alcohol and some other narcotics. Administration. — Caffeine is usually prescribed in the form of citrated caffeine either in solution or dry. Citric Acid is used to render the alkaloid more soluble. It is not a salt but a mix- ture. Caffeine is also rendered more soluble by the addition of such drugs as antipyrine, potassium bromide and sodium benzoate and salicylate, etc. The following prescriptions show some frequently used combina- tions : In the treatment of colds, etc. : R or Caffeinse Citratse gr. x 6 Acidi Acetylsalicylici gr. xl 2 5 Quininse Hydrobrom gr. xx 13 M. ft. cap. no. xv. Sig. — Take 6 today and 4 tomorrow. Instructions can be given patient as to time of taking, etc.. as. 1 in the morning, 2 at noon, and 3 at night. The following has been recommended for headache : Ri or Acetanilidi gr. lxxij 4 50 Caffeine Citratse, Camphors Monobromatse aa. gr. xij 75 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xlviij 3 00 M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. CALAMINA PR.EPARATA. In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : Ri or Caffeinse Citratse 3ss Strychninse Sulph gr. % Sparteinse Sulph gr. iij M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One every four hours. In the treatment of migraine : R2 or Caffeinse Citratse gr. v Camphorse Monobromatae gr. xx Acetphenetidini gr. xx M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One everv two hours until relieved. 99 00 02 20 [32 1|30 1130 CALAMINA PRiEPARATA. Latin, Calamina Prseparata. Eng., Prepared Calamine. Not official. A mixture of the native carbonate and silicate of zinc. A pinkish or flesh-colored powder of earthy appearance, prac- tically odorless and insoluble in water. It was official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia of 1850. Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, desiccant. Uses. — In the treatment of herpes, some forms of eczema, ulcerations, etc. Administration. — It is used rather frequently by the der- matologist in external applications. In the treatment of herpes progenitalis : R 3 or Zinci Oxidi, Calaminae Prsep aa. gr. x |65 Glycerini, Alcoholis aa. nxxij 175 Aquas q. s. f5ij 60|00 M. Sig. — '"Shake." Apply freely. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 3 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 100 CALCIUM. CALAMUS. Latin, Calamus (Gen., Calami). Eng., Calamus. Synonym, Sweet Flag. The unpeeled dried rhizome of Acorns calamus. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Calami. Eng., Fluidextract of Calamus. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic. Uses. — Principally recommended for flatulence and atonic dyspepsia. Seldom prescribed. CALCIUM. (Not Official.) Official Salts and Preparations of Calcium. CALCII BROMIDUM.— See Bromine, p. 94. CALCII CARBONAS PR^CIPITATUS. Eng., Precipitated Cal- cium Carbonate. Formula, CaCOs. Form. — White powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. This salt is used in making some other preparations of minor importance. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). CALCII CHLORIDUM. Eng., Calcium Chloride. Formula, CaCK Form. — White powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; sharp, saline taste. Solubility. — In 1.3 parts of water or 8 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Acids, carbonates, sulphates, etc. Average Dose. — 7 l /i grains (0.500 Gm,). CALCII HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Acidum Hypophosphorosum, p. 25. CALCII PHOSPHAS PR^CIPITATUS. Eng., Precipitated Cal- cium Phosphate. Formula, Ca ; ; ( PO-0 l>. Form. — White powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). CALCII SULPHAS EXSICCATUS. Eng., Exsiccated Calcium Sul- phate. Synonym, Plaster of Paris. CALX. Eng., Lime. CALX CHLORINATA. Eng, Chlorinated Lime. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). CALX SULPHURATA. Eng., Sulphurated Lime. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). CALCIUM. 101 CRETA PRiEPARATA. Eng., Prepared Chalk. Form. — Whitish powder often moulded into cones. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. Iiicompatibles. — Acids, salicylates, alum, etc. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). MISTURA CRETiE. Eng., Chalk Mixture. Compound Chalk Pow- der, 20 Gm. ; Cinnamon Water, 40 Cc. ; Water, to make 100 Cc. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). PULVIS CRET^ COMPOSITUS. Eng., Compound Chalk Powder. Prepared Chalk, 30 Gm.; Acacia, 20 Gm.; Pow^dered Sugar, 50 Gm. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Prepared chalk is contained in Hydrargyrum Cum Creta. LINIMENTUM CALCIS. Eng., Lime Liniment. Synonym, Car- ron Oil. Equal parts of Linseed Oil and Lime Water. LIQUOR CALCIS. Eng., Lime Water. A saturated aqueous solu- tion which should contain not less than 0.14 per cent, of pure Calcium Hydroxide. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). SYRUPUS CALCIS. Eng., Syrup of Lime. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). SYRUPUS CALCII LACTOPHOSPHATIS. Eng., Syrup of Cal- cium Lactophosphate. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Unofficial Salt. CALCII LACTAS. Eng., Calcium Lactate. A white powder, freely soluble in water. Odorless and almost tasteless. Average Dose. — 7*4 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Prepared Chalk, Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Lime Water are antacid and mildly astringent. Chlo- rinated Lime is antiseptic and disinfectant. Calcium Chloride and Lactate are classed as resolvents and haemostatics. Uses. — The precipitated carbonate is used for hyperchlor- hydria, gastric ulcer, etc. Prepared chalk is used in combination with other agents in dusting- powders or ointments in the treat- ment of eczema, dermatitis, ulcers, etc. Its preparation is used for diarrhea, dysentery and other gastro-intestinal conditions. Lime Water is extensively employed in the artificial feeding of infants and the milk diet of adults ; also as a spray for diphtheria, etc. Lime Liniment is employed for burns. Calcium chloride and lactate are used for hemorrhages, particularly purpura hsemor- rhagica, scurvy, etc. Recommended for chronic bronchitis and asthma. 102 CALCIUM. Administration. — Internally. — In solution, Calcium Chloride or Lactate, or Calcium) Hydroxide in the form of Lime Water, are the preparations ordinarily prescribed. They are usually pre- scribed alone. To increase the coagulability of the blood, as in the treatment of purpura : B or Calcii Chloridi 3j Aquae Dest q. s. f Sij M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every two hours if necessary 4| 601 Lime Water is largely used in the artificial feeding of infants. Patients should be cautioned that a clear solution is necessary and that they should not shake the bottle before using, as it might dis- turb a sediment. It may be ordered as : Liquoris Calcis . . . Sisr. — Lime water. or Oj 4801 Prepared Chalk in powders or suspension is largely used, par- ticularly in intestinal disturbances. It is prescribed either alone or with other agents. The following will illustrate : In the treatment of dysentery: Phenylis Salicyl., Bismuthi Subnitr., Cretan Praep M. ft. cht. no. xij. Sig. — One every two hours. or . aa. 3j In the treatment of catarrhal enteritis of childhood $2 or Tinct. Opii Deodorati n\xvj Bismuthi Subnitratis gr. lxxx Misturse Cretse q. s. f Hi j M. Sig.: "Shake." Teaspoonful every two hours. 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. II 5 601 CALCIUM. 103 In the treatment of enteric troubles of childhood : fy or Bismuthi Subnitr 3ij 8| Misturse Cretse q. s. fBij 60 1 M. Sig.: "Shake." Teaspoonful every three hours until relieved. In the treatment of enterocolitis : Ui or Bismuthi Subnitr 3iij 12| Tinct. Kino, Tinct. Opii Camph aa. fSiss 45 1 Misturae Cretse q. s. f §vj 180 1 M. Sig.: "Shake." Tablespoonful every three hours. Calcium Carbonate and Phosphate are frequently employed in- ternally in dry form. In the treatment of hyperacidity : U or Magnesii Oxidi 3iv 15 Calcii Carb. Prsec 3-iij 12 Bismuthi Subnitr 5iij 12 01. Menth. Pip n^v M. Sig. — Level teaspoonful in glass of milk two hours after meals. This may be ordered in twenty powders and the directions made to read ''One in glass of milk two hours after meals." Externally. — Lime Liniment is an old-time remedy for burns. It is usually prescribed alone or with a small amount of Phenol. B or Phenolis Liquef acti m_ xv 11 Linimenti Calcis q. s. f Svj 180 1 M. Sig.— "Shake." Apply to burn as directed. Calcium Carbonate and Phosphate and Prepared Chalk are some- times used externally. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 104 CALENDULA. CALUMBA. In the treatment of erythema venenatum: Bi or Acidi Borici gr. xv Talci Purificati gr. xx Cretse Praep 3iv Magnesii Carbonatis 3iij M. Sig. — Use as a dusting powder. 1 1 15 12 In the treatment of scabies : Sulphuris Loti, Olei Cadini, Cretse Praep aa. 3ij Saponis Mollis 3v Adipis q. s. Si j M. Sig. — Rub in thoroughly. or 19 60 CALENDULA. Latin, Calendula. Eng., Calendula. Synonym, Marigold. The dried florets of Calendula officinalis. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparation. Tinctura Calendulae. Eng., Tincture of Calendula. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Therapeutic Action. — Questionable. Uses. — Almost unused. CALUMBA. Latin, Calumba (Gen., Calumbae). Eng., Calumba. Synonym, Columbo. The dried root of Jateorhiza palmata. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Calumbae. Eng., Fluidextract of Calumba. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Tinctura Calumbae. Eng., Tincture of Calumba. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 1 Ohniann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. CAMBOGIA. CAMPHORA. 105 Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic. Uses. — Principally used as a vehicle for tonic preparations. Administration. — The tincture is used almost exclusively and is usually prescribed with such agents as nux vomica. CAMBOGIA. Latin, Cambogia (Gen., Cambogiae). Eng., Gamboge. A gum- resin obtained from Garcinm hanburi. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Gamboge is contained in Compound Cathartic Pills. Therapeutic Action. — Cathartic. Uses. — Emploved in combination when an active purgative of the drastic and hydragogue type is indicated. Administration. — It is seldom used except in the compound cathartic pill. CAMPHORA. Latin, Camphora (Gen., Camphors). Eng., Camphor. Syno- nym, Gum Camphor. Formula, C 10 H 1G O. The dextrogyrate modi- fication of the saturated Ketone obtained from Ciunamomum camphora. Form. — Y\ nite, translucent masses. Odor and Taste. — Characteristic pleasant odor, and a pungent, aromatic taste. Solubility. — Sparingly soluble in water. Readily soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Will liquefy when rubbed with hydrated chloral, menthol, phenol, thymol, etc. Camphor Water is incompatible with strong solutions of salts. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Official Preparations. Aqua Camphorae. Eng., Camphor Water. A saturated aqueous solu- tion of Camphor. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Ceratum Camphorae. Eng., Camphor Cerate. Contains 10 per cent, of camphor. Linimentum Camphorae. Eng.. Camphor Liniment. Synonym, Cam- phorated Oil. Camphor, 200 Gm.: Cotton Seed Oil, 800 Gm. Spiritus Camphorae. Eng., Spirit of Camphor. Synonym, Tincture of Camphor. Camphor, 100 Gm. : Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. 106 CAMPHORA. Acidum Camphoricum. Eng., Camphoric Acid. Colorless, odorless solid. Soluble in 125 parts of water. Readily soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Camphora Monobromata. Eng., Monobromated Camphor. Colorless needles or scales. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Camphor is contained in some other preparations, as Linimentum Saponis, Tinctura Opii Camphorata, etc. Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, stimulant, diaphoretic, anti- septic. Monobromated camphor is also esteemed as a nerve sedative and anaphrodisiac, and camphoric acid as an anhidrotic. Uses. — Camphor is used as a stimulant in collapse, narcotic poisoning, etc. Camphor and monobromated camphor are em- ployed in the treatment of colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, head- ache, diarrhea, hysteria, and kindred conditions. Camphoric acid is recommended for the sleep-sweats of tuberculosis. Ex- ternally camphor is used for dermatitis, pruritus, neuralgia, etc. Administration. — Camphor is sometimes used hypodermatic- ally, and the form of choice is camphor dissolved in sterile oil. The aseptic packages put out by the pharmaceutical manufacturers are the most desirable. Camphor is frequently prescribed in dry form in capsules with other agents. In the treatment of coryza : 3i" or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ss |03 Camphoras gr. vj |40 Quininae Sulph., Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii fia. gr. xij [80 M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One every half -hour for four hours, then one every three hours. In the treatment of influenza : $2 or Caffeinse Citratae gr. x 65 Camphorae gr. x 65 Acetphenetidinae gr. xxx 2 00 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One every two hours. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. CAMPHORA. 107 In the treatment of cold, influenza, etc. : ty or Camphorae, gr. v Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii gr. x Quininae Hydrobrom gr. x M. ft. cap. no. v. Sig. — Take at bedtime. 32 65 65 This is particularly used in connection with hot drinks, foot- baths, etc, to abort a "cold." Camphor Water is a frequently employed vehicle. Camphor is frequently used locally in solution or liquefied. As an inhalation in coryza : R or Camphorae, Mentholis aa. 3s s 2 Alcoholis q. s. f Ej 301 M. Sig. — Use teaspoonful to pitcher of hot water every four hours. As a spray in coryza, laryngitis, etc. : B or Camphorae, : gr. vj Eucalyptolis, 01. Menth. Pip., Olei Pini Syl aa. ti\ v j Petrolati Liq , . . q. s. f 5vj M. Sig. — Use as a spray every four hours. 4 18010 In laryngitis, patients should be instructed to inhale while using spray. The following liquefies when triturated : In the treatment of neuralgia : R 1 or Chlorali Hydrati, Camphorae, Mentholis ■ aa. 3j M. et tere bene. Sig. — Paint over parts as directed. i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 108 CAMPHORA. Some combinations in ointments are as follows : In the treatment of pruritus : Ri or Mentholis, Camphorae, Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. v Petrolati q. s. oss M. Sig. — Apply locally. 32 15100 As an application in pruritic diseases of the skin : $2 or Phenolis gr. v Camphorae gr. x Sulphuris Subl gr. xxx Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 5j M. Sig. — Apply frequently to irritable surface. 32 65 00 30100 In the treatment of dermatitis calorica : Phenolis, Camphorae aa. 3ss Adipis Lanae Hyd §j Ung. Aquae Rosas q. s. 3i j M. Sig. — Apply on cloth every four hours. or 2 30 60 In the treatment of eczema of the scrotum : ^ or Camphorae, Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. xx 13 Adipis Lanae Hyd 5ss 15 Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 3j 30 M. Sig. — Apply liberally several times daily. Camphor Liniment may be ordered as in the following for bronchitis in children : Linimenti Camphorae 5ij Sig. — Warm and apply to chest as directed. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. - Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. :; Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. ^ Ibid. CANNABIS INDICA. 109 Monobromated Camphor is usually prescribed in capsules with other agents. The following has been recommended in headache : Jfci or Acetanilidi gr. Ixxij 4|50 Caffeinae Citratse, Camphorse Monobromata? aa. gr. xij 175 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xlviij 3J00 M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig.— One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. In the treatment of migraine : R2 or Caffeinae Citrate, gr. v \2>2 Camphorse Monobromatae gr. xx 1|30 Acetphenetidini , gr. xx 1 130 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One every two hours until relieved. CANNABIS INDICA. Latin, Cannabis Indica (Gen., Cannabis Indicae). Eng., Indian Cannabis. Synonym, Indian Hemp. Dried flowering top of Cannabis sativa. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Cannabis Indicae. Eng., Extract of Indian Cannabis. A soft solid about live times the strength of the crude drug. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Fluidextractum Cannabis Indicae. Eng., Fluidextract of Indian Cannabis. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Tinctura Cannabis Indicae. Eng., Tincture of Indian Cannabis. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug in alcohol. Average Dose. — 10 minims (0.6 Cc). Indian Cannabis is considered by some as very uncertain in its action and many prescribers will not employ it. Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, anodyne, narcotic. Uses. — For headache, neuralgia and kindred conditions. It is an ingredient in many of the corn remedies. Administration. — Internally. — The tincture is the preparation usually employed. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. -Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 110 CANTHARIS. It may be prescribed alone, as : 3 or Tinct. Cannabis Indicae f 3j 4 Tinct. Aurantii Dulc q. s. fSj 30 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours. Some prescribe the tincture alone by drops and increase to effect. About two drops must be allowed for each minim. R or Tincturse Cannabis Indies fSj 30 1 Sig. — Begin with 10 drops three times a day. It is sometimes used with other agents. The following will illustrate : In a hypnotic preparation : H or Chlorali Hydrati 3j Sodii Bromidi 3ij Tinct. Cannabis Indicae f3j 4 Elix. Aromatici q. s. f 3j 30 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours when necessary. Externally. — The extract is sometimes used in combination with other agents. The following will illustrate : In the treatment of clavus : Ri or Acidi Salicylici gr. xxx 2|0 Ext. Cannabis Indicse gr. x 16 Collodii q. s. fSss 15 M. Sig. — Apply to lesions twice daily. In employing the above many add Ol. Ricini, foj. CANTHARIS. Latin, Cantharis (Gen., Cantharidis). Eng., Cantharides. Synonym, Spanish Flies. The dried beetle Cantharis vcsicatoria. Average Dose. — ]/ 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Official Preparations. Ceratum Cantharidis. Eng., Cantharides Cerate. Contains 32 per cent, of the drug-. 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. CAPSICUM. Ill Collodium Cantharidatum. Eng., Cantharidal Collodion. Represents 60 per cent, of the drug. Tinctura Cantharidis. Eng., Tincture of Cantharides. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, vesicant, and also classed as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. Uses. — Sometimes used as a counter-irritant as in the treat- ment of neuralgia, sciatica, or related conditions. Used in hair preparations to stop loss of hair. Administration. — Cantharides is seldom prescribed. The Cerate or Collodion is sometimes ordered for external use to produce counter-irritation. The tincture is employed with other agents in applications to the scalp. It is sometimes employed internally. CAPSICUM. Latin, Capsicum (Gen., Capsici). Eng., Capsicum. Synonym, Cayenne Pepper, etc. The dried ripe fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Preparations. Emplastrum Capsici. Eng., Capsicum Plaster. Oleoresin of Capsi- cum spread in a thin coating over adhesive plaster. Fluidextractum Capsici. Eng., Fluidextract of Capsicum. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Oleoresina Capsici. Eng., Oleoresin of Capsicum. Average Dose. — 1 / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Tinctura Capsici. Eng., Tincture of Capsicum. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, vesicant, stimulant, stom- achic. Uses. — Alcoholism, indigestion, certain forms of nephritis, etc. Administration. — Capsicum is not often prescribed. The most frequent employment is that of the powdered drug or the tincture with other agents : 112 CARBO ANIMALIS. CARDAMOMUM. In a laxative preparation for tuberculosis : 3 1 or Mas. Hydrargyri, Aloes Pulv., Ipecacuanhas Pulv., Capsici Pulv aa. gr. xij M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One at night. CARBO ANIMALIS. Latin, Carbo Animalis. Eng.. Animal Charcoal. Synonym, Boneblack. Charcoal prepared from bone. Official Preparation. Carbo Animalis Purificatus. Eng., Purified Animal Charcoal. CARBO LIGNI. Latin, Carbo Ligni. Eng., Charcoal. Synonym, Wood Charcoal. Charcoal prepared from soft wood and finely powdered. A black, odorless, tasteless and insoluble powder. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Absorbent. Uses. — Employed in testing intestinal activity and sometimes prescribed for certain forms of dyspepsia. Its medicinal value is questionable. Administration. — Charcoal is sometimes employed internally alone or with other agents. It is usually administered in cap- sules. Not over 5 grains should be ordered to each capsule. CARBONEI DISULPHIDUM. Latin, Carbonei Disulphidum. Eng., Carbon Disulphide. A color- less liquid. CARDAMOMUM. Latin, Cardamomum (Gen., Cardamomi). Eng., Cardamom. The dried, nearly ripe fruit of Elettaria repens. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. CARDAMOMUM. 113 Official Preparations. Tinctura Cardamomi. Eng., Tincture of Cardomom. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Car- damom. Cardamom, 25 Gm. ; Saigon Cinnamon, 25 Gm. ; Caraway, 12 Gm. ; Cochineal, 5 Gm. ; Glycerin, 50 Cc. ; Diluted Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. Uses. — In flatulent colic, loss of appetite, etc. A vehicle and flavoring agent. Administration. — Usually prescribed as a vehicle and adju- vant for more active agents. The compound tincture is the preparation of choice. In the treatment of constipation : Flext. Rhamni Pursh f 5j Tinct. Cardamomi Comp f Sss Glycerini f 3j Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f Siij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 30 15 30 90 In the treatment of acne : 1*2 Sodii Benzoatis 3ij Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f Si j Flext. Rhamni Pursh f3ss Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 15| 901 As a laxative in the treatment of acne : $3 or Flext. Rhamni Pursh., Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa. f Siij Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. f^iij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 2 ma. 3 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 12 90 114 CARUM. CASSIA FISTULA. CARUM. Latin, Carum. Eng., Caraway. The dried fruit of Carum carvi. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Constituent. Oleum Cari. Eng., Oil of Caraway. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Oil of Caraway is contained in the Compound Spirit of Juniper. Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. Uses. — A domestic remedy for flatulent colic, particularly of infants. Seldom prescribed. CARYOPHYLLUS. Latin, Caryophyllus. Eng., Cloves. The dried flower-buds of Eugenia aromatica. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Constituents. Oleum Caryophylli. Eng., Oil of Cloves. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Eugenol. Eng., Eugenol. An unsaturated aromatic phenol obtained from Oil of Cloves and other sources. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Cloves are contained in some other official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, antiseptic, irritant, local analgesic. Uses. — Employed as a flavoring- agent and as an adjuvant to stomachic preparations. Used locally for toothache. Administration. — Seldom used in medicine, except the oil, which is extensively employed by dentists. CASSIA FISTULA. Latin, Cassia Fistula. Eng., Cassia Fistula. Synonym. Purg- ing Cassia. The dried ripe fruit of Cassia fistula. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Cassia Fistula is contained in Confection of Senna. Therapeutic Action. — Laxative. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. CATECHU. CERATA. CERA FLAVA. 115 CATAPLASMA KAOLINI. See Kaolin, p. 209. CATECHU. (Not Official) Latin, Catechu (Gen., Catechu). Eng., Catechu. An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia catechu. The U. S. P. of 1900 dropped Catechu and adopted Gambir in its place, owing to the greater uniformity of the latter. Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Principally in the treatment of diarrhea. Administration. — Catechu in the form of the tincture is still prescribed by the profession. In the treatment of gonorrhea : Ri or Zinci Snlphatis gr. xv 10 Plumbi Acetatis gr. xx 13 Tincturse Opii, Tincturae Catechu aa. f3ij 2 Aquas q. s. fSvj 180 M. Sig. — "Shake."'' Inject after urination. CERATA— Cerates. Cerates are unctuous substances of such consistency that they may be easily spread, at ordinary temperature, upon muslin, or similar material, with a spatula, and yet not so soft as to liquefy and run when applied to the skin. They are not often prescribed. The following six cerates are official : Ceratum. — See Cera Flava. Ceratum Camphorae. — See Camphora. Ceratum Cantharidis. — See Cantharis. Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. — See Plumbum. Ceratum Resinae. — See Terebinthina. Ceratum Resinae Compositum. — See Terebinthina. CERA FLAVA. Latin, Cera Flava. Eng., Yellow Wax. A solid substance pre- pared from the honeycomb of the bee, Apis mellifera. 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 116 CERII OXALAS. Official Preparations. Cera Alba. Eng., White Wax. Yellow wax bleached. Ceratum. Eng., Cerate. White Wax, 300 Gm.; White Petrolatum, 200 Gm. ; Benzoinated Lard, 500 Gm. Wax is a constituent of all the official cerates except one. CERII OXALAS. Eng., Cerium Latin, Cerii Oxalas (Gen., Cerii Oxalatis), Oxalate. Chiefly a mixture of the oxalates of cerium and some other rare earths. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiemetic. Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of nausea and vomit- ing, particularly that of pregnancy. Recommended for certain forms of diarrhea. Administration. — This is used in dry form or suspended in a liquid, either alone or, more frequently, with other agents. The above dose of the U. S. P. is often many times exceeded. Some combinations are illustrated in the following: In the treatment of postanesthetic vomiting : R 1 or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j Acetanilidi gr. x Cerii Oxalatis gr. xx M. ft. cht. no. iv. Sig. — One every two hours when indicated. In suspension in the treatment of nausea : B or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j Cerii Oxalatis 3ss Bismuthi Subnitr 3j Syr. Acaciae f Bj Aquae q. s. f Sii j M. Sig.— "Shake." Tablespoonful every hour till relieved. 065 650 300 |065 2|000 4]000 30|000 901000 iAsbton: Practice of Gynecology. CETACEUM. CHLORALFORMAMIDUM. 117 With other agents in powders, as in the treatment of nausea: R or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. j |065 Cerii Oxalatis 3ss 2|000 Bismuthi Subnitr 3ij 8(000 M. ft. cht. no. x. Sis:. — One everv hour until relieved. CETACEUM. Latin, Cetaceum. Eng., Spermaceti. A peculiar, concrete, fatty substance, obtained from the head of sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalas. CHARTA— Paper. Papers are preparations intended principally for external appli- cation, made either by saturating paper with medicinal substances, or by applying the latter to the surface of the paper by the addition of some adhesive liquid. These should not be confounded with Chartula, meaning "a little paper" folded so as to form a recep- tacle containing a dose of a medicinal substance. CHIMAPHILA. Latin, Chimaphila. Eng., Chimaphila. The dried leaves of Chimaphila umbellata. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an astringent, tonic, diuretic. Uses. — Seldom employed. CHIRATA. Latin, Chirata. Eng., Chirata. The dried plant of Swertia chirayita. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, bitter tonic, sometimes classed as a febrifuge. Uses. — Seldom employed. CHLORALFORMAMIDUM. Latin, Chloralformamidum. Eng., Chloralformamide. A crys- talline solid, odorless, and having a somewhat bitter taste. Soluble in 18.7 parts of water or in 1.3 of alcohol. # 118 CHLORALUM HYDRATUM. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. Uses. — To produce sleep. Administration. — Seldom prescribed. It may be given in capsules or powder. CHLORALUM HYDRATUM. Latin, Chloralum Hydratum (Gen., Chlorali Hydrati). Eng., Hydrated Chloral. Synonym, Chloral. Formula, C2HCI3O -f- H 2 0. Form. — Colorless crystals. Odor and Taste. — An aromatic, penetrating odor and somewhat bitter taste. Solubility. — Freely soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol but decomposed by strong alcoholic solutions. Incompatibles. — Alcohol, alkalies, borates, potassium iodide and permanganate, etc. It liquefies when rubbed with camphor, phenol, menthol, thymol, etc. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic, analgesic, antispasmodic, antiseptic. Uses. — Used for insomnia, particularly when the result of nervous excitement. Employed in the treatment of convulsions, as those of strychnine poisoning, tetanus, etc., and for the con- vulsions of childhood. Frequently used in the management of labor. Toxicology. — Acute poisoning with hydrated chloral is usually characterized by coma, lowered blood-pressure, impaired respira- tion, lowered temperature, dilated pupils and abolished reflexes. Treatment. — The stomach should be washed out, the patient kept warm, and stimulants, as caffeine, strychnine, atropine and camphor, used. Artificial respiration, if necessary. Administration. — Hydrated Chloral cannot be prescribed in dry form, but is used in solution or ointment. Internally. — Used in aqueous solution either alone or with other agents, as the bromides. It is administered either by mouth or by rectum. Some combinations are shown by the following: CHLORALUM HYDRATUM. 119 In the treatment of convulsions of childhood : Bi or Chlorali Hydrati gr. viij 5 Sodii Bromidi gr. xvj 1 Syrupi Aurantii q. s. f Si j 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful. Repeat in one hour if necessary. In the treatment of acute laryngitis : R2 or Chlorali Hydrati '. gr. lxxv 51 Ammonii Bromidi gr. xxx 21 Potassii Bromidi gr. xlv 3 Aquae Cinnamomi q. s. f Si j 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every twenty minutes until improvement takes place. Externally. — Some combinations are shown by the following : In the treatment of eczema of the scrotum : $ or Camphorae, Chloridi Hydrati aa. gr. xx Adipis Lanae Hyd •. Sss Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j M. Sig. — Apply liberally several times daily. 1|3 15|0 3010 1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. - Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 4 Ash ton: Practice of Gynecology. In the treatment of pruritus : R 3 or Mentholis, Camphorae, Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. v |32 Petrolati q. s. Ess 15|00 M. Sig. — Apply locally. In the treatment of pruritus : R 4 or Chlorali Hydrati Sj 4 Petrolati q. s. Sj 30 M. Sig. — Apply locally. 120 CHLOROFORMUM. The following liquefies when triturated : In the treatment of neuralgia : B 1 or Chlorali Hydrati, Camphorse, Mentholis aa. 3j 41 M. et tere bene. Sig. — Paint over parts as directed. CHLOROFORMUM. Latin, Chloroformum (Gen., Chloroformi). Eng., Chloroform. Form. — A heavy, colorless liquid. Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor and burning, sweetish taste. Solubility. — In about 200 volumes of water and in all proportions in alcohol. Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.2 Cc.). Official Preparations. Aqua Chloroformi. Eng., Chloroform Water. A saturated, aqueous solution containing about 0.5 per cent, of Chloroform. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Emulsum Chloroformi. Eng., Emulsion of Chloroform. Contains 4 per cent, of Chloroform. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Linimentum Chloroformi. Eng., Chloroform Liniment. Chloroform, 300 Cc. ; Soap Liniment, 700 Cc Spiritus Chloroformi. Eng., Spirit of Chloroform. Chloroform, 60 Cc ; Alcohol, 940 Cc. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — General anesthetic, sedative, antispas- modic anodyne, carminative, rubefacient. Uses. — By inhalation, extensively used as a general anes- thetic, though not considered as safe as ether. By mouth, it is used in the treatment of acute indigestion, dysentery, diarrhea, and various abdominal pains; also for the cough of bronchitis and kindred conditions. Externally it is an ingredient of lini- ments for sprains, rheumatism, etc. Administration. — Internally. — Chloroform Water is sometimes used as a vehicle in the administration of sedatives, carmina- tives, etc. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. CHLOROFORMUM. 121 Spirit of Chloroform is used alone or with other agents. Some combinations for internal use are shown in the following In the treatment of acute bronchitis: I*i or Terebeni f3ij Creosoti f 3ss Acacise q. s. Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. f§iij M. ft. emulsion. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. 8 2 90 or 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 2 Ibid, s Ibid. 4 Ibid. 8 ! 15| 901 In the treatment of an acute exacerbation of a dry chronic bronchitis : Ammonii Chloridi '3ij Tinct. Hyoscyami, Syr. Scillae Comp aa. f 3iv Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. fSiij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. In the treatment of acute intestinal indigestion : B3 or Naphthaleni , gr. xxx Bismuthi Subsalicyl gr. lxxx Phenolis gr. iv Glycerini fSj Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. f Biij M. Sig.— "Shake." Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours. 2|00 5|00 |32 30|00 90100 In a digestive preparation : IM or Pepsini 3j 4 00 Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil f3i v 15 00 Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 03 Glycerini £Sss 15 00 Aquas Chlorof ormi q. s. f§iij 90 00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 122 CHLOROFORMUM. In the treatment of cough: n or Spir. Chloroformi, Tinct. Opii Camph aa.. f 3i j 8 Elix. Aromatici . . . : q. s. f3ij 60 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful in water every two hours. In the treatment of "cramp colic," acute indigestion, etc. B or Spir. Chloroformi, Spir. Menth. Pip aa. f Bss 15 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours till relieved. In the treatment of tapeworm: H or Oleoresinae Aspidii, Chloroformi aa. 3j 4 00 Olei Tiglii Trt iv 25 Glycerini q. s. fSij 60J00 M. Sig.— "Shake." Take half at 8 a.m., the rest in an hour if needed. Externally. — The official Chloroform Liniment is used alone or with other agents, or chloroform is prescribed with Soap Lini- ment in other proportions. Decided Rubefacient action is effected by covering after applying. Some illustrations are shown in the following: Externally Chloroform may be ordered as : fy or Lin. Chloroformi fSvj 180| Sig. — Apply with massage as directed. Or: R or Mentholis 3 J 4| Chloroformi fSj 30| Lin. Saponis q. s. f 5vj 180| M. Sig. — Apply with massage as directed. CHONDRUS. CHRYSAROBINUM. 123 In the treatment of neuralgia (to be applied with friction along the course of the affected nerve) : R 1 or Tinct. Aconiti Chloroformi aa. £5j 30 Lin. Saponis q. s. f Svj 120 M. Sig. — ''Poison." Apply as directed. CHONDRUS. Latin, Chondrus. Eng., Chondrus. Synonym, Irish Moss. The dried plant of Chondrus crispus. Average dose. — In decoction, 4 drachms (15 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent, nutrient. Uses. — Seldom employed. Recommended for diarrhea, dysentery, inflammations of the genito-urinary tract and some skin diseases. Administration. — May be employed in the form of a mucilage. CHROMII TRIOXIDUM. Latin, Chromii Trioxidum. Eng., Chromium Trioxide. Syno- nym, Chromic Acid. Small crystals or prisms of a dark purplish-red color. Very soluble in water. Therapeutic Action. — Caustic. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of warts, etc. Administration. — It is used either in the pure state or in aqueous solution. CHRYSAROBINUM. Latin, Chrysarobinum (Gen., Chrysarobini). Eng., Chrysarobin. A neutral principle extracted from Goa powder. Form. — A pale orange-yellow powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — In 4812 parts of water and in 308 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — V 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Official Preparations. Unguentum Chrysarobini. Eng., Chrysarobin Ointment. Chrysa- robin, 6 Gm. ; Benzoinated Lard, 94 Gm. 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 124 CIMICIFUGA. Therapeutic Action. — Antiparasitic. Uses. — Principally in the treatment of skin diseases, as ring- worm, psoriasis, etc. Administration. — Internally. — Seldom used. Externally. — It should be used with caution as it is a powerful irritant and is liable to cause dermatitis, and on the face* edema, also. It stains the skin a yellowish-brown. Some combinations are shown in the following: In the treatment of tinea barbae : B 1 or Chrysarobini 3j 4| Adipis Lanae Hyd 5ss 15 j Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. Sj 30 M. Sig. — Apply thoroughly to scalp once daily. In the treatment of psoriasis : 1*2 or Chrysarobini 3j 4 Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 13 Athens f5j 4 Olei Ricini tt\,x 6 Collodii q. s. f Sss 15 M. Sig. — Paint on affected parts. CIMICIFUGA. Latin, Cimicifuga. Eng., Cimicifuga. Synonyms, Black Snake- root, Black Cohosh. The dried rhizome and roots of Cimicifuga racemosa. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Cimicifugae. Eng., Extract of Cimicifuga. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Fluidextractum Cimicifugae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cimicifuga. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as a simple bitter, mild cardiac stimulant, alterative and emmenagogue. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. CINCHONA RUBRA. 125 Uses. — Has been used for chorea, amenorrhea, dysmenor- rhea, and some other conditions. Administration. — Cimicifuga or its preparations are seldom prescribed as such. The drug is used in some unofficial prepara- tions that are sometimes employed. CINCHONA. Latin, Cinchona (Gen., Cinchonas) . Eng., Cinchona. Synonyms, Yellow Cinchona, Peruvian Bark, Jesuits' Bark, etc. The dried bark of Cinchona ledgeriana, Cinchona calisaya, and Cinchona officinalis. CINCHONA RUBRA. Latin, Cinchona Rubra. Eng., Red Cinchona. Synonyms, Peru- vian Bark, Jesuits' Bark, etc. The dried bark of Cinchona succirubra. Constituents of Cinchona and Red Cinchona. Not less than 5 per cent, of alkaloids, the most important of which are the official Quinine, Cinchonine and Cinchonidine. The cinchonas con- tain tannic acid. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations of Cinchona. Fluidextractum Cinchonae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cinchona. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Tinctura Cinchonae. Eng., Tincture of Cinchona. Represents 20 per cent, of Cinchona in glycerin, alcohol and water. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Official Preparation of Red Cinchona. Tinctura Cinchonae Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Cin- chona. Represents Red Cinchona, 100 Gm.; Bitter Orange Peel, 80 Gm.; Serpentaria, 20 Gm. in glycerin, alcohol and water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Official Alkaloids and Salts. (Obtained from both.) Quinina. Eng., Quinine. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Used in many official preparations. Oleatum Quininae. Eng., Oleate of Quinine. Represents 25 per cent, of Quinine in Oleic Acid. 126 CINCHONA RUBRA. Quininae Sulphas. Eng., Quinine Sulphate. Synonym, Quinine. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. Solubility. — In 720 parts of water or 86 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Ammonia, alkalies, lime-water, tannic acid, Donovan's solution, iodine, iodides, bromides, etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Quininae Bisulphas. Eng., Quinine Bisulphate. Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. Solubility. — In 8.5 parts of water or 18 parts of alcohol. Quininae Hydrobromidum. Eng., Quinine Hydrobromide. Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. Solubility. — In 40 parts of water or 0.67 part of alcohol. Quininae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Quinine Hydrochloride. Synonym, Quinine Muriate. Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. Solubility. — In 18 parts of water or 0.6 part of alcohol. Quininae Salicylas. Eng., Quinine Salicylate. Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. Solubility. — In 77 parts of water or 11 parts of alcohol. Cinchoninae Sulphus. Eng., Cinchonine Sulphate. Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. Solubility. — In 58 parts of water or 10 parts of alcohol. Cinchonidinae Sulphas. Eng., Cinchonidine Sulphate. Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. Solubility. — In 63 parts of water or 72 parts of alcohol. Unofficial Salt. Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Quinine and Urea Hydro- chloride. Contains about 60 per cent, of Quinine. White, odorless, bit- ter crystals, freely soluble in water. Therapeutic Action. — Cinchona and its preparations and official alkaloids are antimalarial, antipyretic, tonic, antiseptic. Uses. — The preparations of cinchona are used as bitter tonics. The alkaloids other than quinine are seldom employed by the profession. Quinine — by the mouth — is used for malaria, coryza, influenza, bronchitis, pertussis, erysipelas, septicemia, etc. By Enema. — Injections or irrigations are used for amebic dysen- tery, pinworms, ulcerated colon, gonorrhea, cystitis, abscesses, etc. Externally — For sores, ulcers, scalp diseases. By Needle. — For malaria and as a local anesthetic. Cinchonism. — Severe results from taking quinine are very rare, but considerable discomfort is quite common. Many people have such an idiosyncrasy for the drug that even a few grains CINCHONA RUBRA. 12/ will occasion alarming symptoms. The usual toxic symptoms are a sense of fullness in the head, dizziness, ringing in the ears, partial or even total deafness. There may be itching of the skin with or without eruption. The skin may show lesions anywhere from a mild erythema to purpura hemorrhagica. These symptoms may be accompanied with an elevation of temperature. Quinine given during pregnancy may produce an abortion. Treatment. — The unpleasant symptoms of cinchonism may be in part prevented by associating the bromides with the drug. If very disagreeable symptoms develop, the drug should be discontinued unless there is more demand for its continuance. Sodium or potassium bromide in rather large doses may be given and elim- ination favored. The cutaneous symptoms may be treated by starch or bran baths and antipruritic inunctions or applications, if necessary. Administration. — By Mouth. — The Bark, Fluidextract and Tincture are seldom used. The Compound Tincture is fre- quently employed, but as it contains only about 0.3 grain total alkaloids to the teaspoonful it has little effect except that due to its bitter taste. It should be remembered that the tinctures and fluidextract of cinchona contain tannic acid. The use of the Compound Tincture is illustrated in the following prescription, in which case it is said to prevent the unpleasant gastric disturbances that might result from the use of the other agents. The cinchona alka- loids are not precipitated for reasons elsewhere explained. n or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j Potassii Iodidi gr. clx 10 Tinct. Cinchonae Comp fSij 60 Aquae q. s. £5iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water an hour before meals. 065 000 000 000 Tasteless Administration by Mouth. — The quinine salts in cap- sules are by far the most desirable form for administration in the vast majority of cases where the patient is old enough to swallow a capsule. Pills and tablets possess no advantages over capsules and are particularly subject to the disadvantages mentioned under Pills, p. 264, and Tablets, p. 314. The prescriber should see that the pharmacist dispenses the cap- sules free from adhering particles. US CIXCHOXA RUBRA. The salts of choice seem to be Quinine Sulphate and Hydro- chloride for general use as an antiperiodic, tonic, and Quinine Hy- drobromide and Salicylate for colds, influenza, tonsillitis, etc Not more than 5 grains should usually be ordered to the capsule. Some frequently used prescriptions are as follov ~ In the treatment of malaria: R or Quininae Hydrobromidi gr. xc Ft. cap. no. xviij. Sig. — Take six (6) each day as directed. In the treatment of malaria following the first three days of quinine in large doses : R :r Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij 1 ^ 5:r; :::::::. ;c 5v.!;h gr. ; jcf Quininae Sulph. gr. cl 1 '■ J ' Ferri Reducti gr. c : 5 A M. ft. cap. no. l. 5 :z. — One after each meal. This may be prescribed for children in the proper doses, put into powders, and directions given that they may be administered in syrup : chocolate. For adults the Massa Ferri Carbonatis is frequently used instead of the Ferrum Reductum. In the treatment of subinvolution of the uterus hninae Sulph Er^ : r Quininae Sulph 1C ft. cap. no. xxx. S - — One before each meal. or BT- : aa. gr. xxx In the treatment of coryza : R- :r Ert 1 i -don. Fol .... gr. ss Camphone gr. vj Quininae Sulph., Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii aa. gr. M ft. cap. no. Sig. — One every half-hour for four hours, then one every three hours. Mussrr CIXCHOXA RUBRA. 129 In the treatment of grip. cold. etc. : R or Quininae Hydrobrom gr. xx Acidi Acetylsalicyl gr. l Catteinae Citratae gr. x M. ft. cap. no. xvj. Sig. — One every two hours till eight (8) are taken each day. L|3C 300 65 In the treatment of chronic heart disease : Ri Digitalis Pulv, Quininae Hydrochlor aa. gr. Ext. Valerianae 5j M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One three times a daw or xv The principle in preparing a so-called "tasteless" quinine is to use a salt that will dissolve only to the smallest possible extent, so it will not come into contact with the special nerve-endings in such form as to be appreciated. The sulphate is probably the best salt for this purpose. The tannate is less bitter but has to be given in large amounts and at least is slower and more uncertain in action. It is usually possible to ascertain the preference of the child as to flavor. Glycyrrhiza may be distinctly disagreeable to some, while syrup of chocolate would be very acceptable. Some adults and practically all small children are unable to swallow capsules. The prescriber should always ascertain as to this matter before writing his prescription. If patient is a child 8 to 10 years of age. but has never been tried on capsules, the prescription may be written for that form and the nurse instructed to empty them and administer in syrup of chocolate if the capsules cannot De swallowed. This method is sometimes desirable, anyway, as. for example, when other agents are ordered with the quinine salt that cannot well be put in solution. To illustrate : The following has been used for a child 6 years old. to follow the customary three days' intensive quinine treatment for malaria : R or Arseni Trioxidi. Strychninae Sulph aa. gr. 1 $ Quininae Sulph.. Ferri Reducti -. . . . aa. gr. xl M. ft. cap. no. l. Sig. — One in chocolate syrup after meals. 1002 500 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 9 130 CINCHONA RUBRA. A "tasteless" syrup for administration to a child : R or Quininae Sulphatis gr. xvj 1 1 Syr. Eriodictyi Arom q. s. fSij 60 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every three hours. Syrup of glycyrrhiza or syrup of chocolate may be ordered as the vehicle in the above. In the treatment of malaria (child 6 years old) : $ or Quininae Sulphatis gr. xxx 21 Ft. cht. no. xviij. Sig. — Six (6) powders in chocolate syrup each day as directed. Bitter Solutions. — These are frequently desirable for adults and sometimes -for children. Some combinations are shown in the fol- lowing : As a bitter tonic to follow the intensive treatment of malaria : B or Quininae Sulphatis 3iss 6 Tinct. Ferri Chlor f3iv 15 Liq. Acidi Arscnosi f3ij 8 Aquae q. s. f 5 v j 180 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. n or Quininae Sulphatis 3iss 6 Acidi Sulph. Arom f3ij 8 Elix. Aromatici q. s. fSvj 180 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. Hypodermic Use. — This method is sometimes employed, particu- larly when it is desirable to get the patient rapidly under the in- fluence of the drug. Quinine Hydrochloride is sometimes used but Quinine Dihydrochloride (not official) is even more desirable for this purpose. It is soluble in less than its own weight of water. Quininae Carbamas (Eng., Quinine Carbamate. Synonym, Quinine and Urea) and the Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum are soluble in their own weight of water, so are valuable forms for hypo- dermic use. Hypodermic employment is, of course, confined to the CIXCHOXA RUBRA. 131 physician himself. He may use the tablets and prepare the solutions extemporaneously or order them as follows : $ or Quininae Dihydrochlor 3j 410 Sodii Chloridi gr. iss 1 1 Aquae Destillatae q. s. f^ss 1510 M. Sig. — Formula. Or: $ or Quin. et Urese Hydrochlor gr. xxx Sodii Chloridi gr. ss Aquae Dest q. s. f 3j M. Sig. — Formula. 00 03 00 These solutions should be given largely diluted and even then, it is alleged by good authority, there is frequently slow absorption, local irritation, and sometimes even tetanus. Intravenously. — Considered by many as preferable to the hypo- dermic method. The solution of quinine and urea hydrochloride for hypodermic use may be employed only largely diluted with normal saline. By Rectum. — The administration of quinine in the Murphy drip for constitutional effect is probably practical and worthy of more thorough investigation. Other Uses. — The salts of quinine are sometimes used in enemas, as the following for amebic dysentery : n or Quininae Sulphatis Sj 301 Ft. cht. no. x. Sig. — Use one to y 2 gallon of warm water as directed. Or the following for pinworms in a child : 3 or Quininae Bisulphatis gr. xxx 2 Quassias %) 30 Sig. — Make a tea with y 2 gallon hot water and use as directed. Quinine or its salts are sometimes used in hair tonics, ointments, etc. 132 CIXXAMOMUM. In the treatment of alopecia : B 1 or Resorcinolis gr. lxxx Quininae gr. xv Olei Ricini T1T.XX Alcoholis q. s. £5iv M. Sig. — Apply as directed. 5 1 1 120 CINNAMOMUM. Latin, Cinnamomum. Eng., Cinnamon. The following are official : CINNAMOMUM SAIGONICUM. Eng., bark of an undetermined species of Cinnamomum. Average Dose. — 4- grains (0.250 Gm.). Saio-on Cinnamon. The Official Preparations. Pulvis Aromaticus. Eng., Aromatic Powder. A finely powdered mix- ture of Saigon Cinnamon, Ginger, Cardamom and Nutmeg. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Fluidextractum Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic Fluidextract. Repre- sents 100 per cent, of Aromatic Powder in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Tinctura Cinnamomi. Eng., Tincture of Cinnamon. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Saigon Cinnamon also enters into several other preparations. CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM. Eng., Ceylon Cinnamon. The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicnm. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). OLEUM CINNAMOMI. Eng., Oil of Cinnamon. Synonym, Oil of Cassia. A volatile oil distilled from Cassia cinnamon. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Official Preparations of the Oil. Aqua Cinnamomi. Eng., Cinnamon Water. Distilled water saturated with Oil of Cinnamon. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Spiritus Cinnamomi. Eng., Spirit of Cinnamon. Contains 10 per cent, of the oil in alcohol. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). The oil, water and spirit are used in making other official preparations. iStelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. COCA 133 CINNALDEHYDUM. Eng., Cinnamic Aldehyde. An aldehyde ob- tained from Oil of Cinnamon or prepared synthetically. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc.). Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic and carminative. Uses. — The preparations of cinnamon are used as vehicles or flavors. Administration. — With the exception of the water, which is much employed as a pleasant vehicle, the preparations of cin- namon are not often prescribed. As a vehicle in a prescription for rendering the urine more acid : B 1 or Acidi Benzoici : 3ij 8 Acidi Borici 3iij 12 Aquae Cinnamomi f 3xij 360 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of chlorosis as- sociated with constipation : B 2 or Aloes Purificati gr. xl 3 Mas. Ferri Carb 3ij 8 Pulv. Aromatici \ . q. s. M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One at bedtime. COCA. Latin, Coca (Gen., Cocae). Eng., Coca. Synonym, Erythroxylon. The dried leaves of Erythroxylon coca. Active Constituents. — Not less than 0.5 per cent, of alkaloids, of which about 0.2 per cent, is cocaine. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparations, Alkaloid and Salts. Fluidextractum Cocae. Eng., Fluidextract of Coca. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Vinum Cocae. Eng., Wine of Coca. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Cocaina. Eng., Cocaine. An alkaloid obtained from Coca. Average Dose. — J / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 134 COCA. Oleatum Cocainae. Eng., Oleate of Cocaine. Cocainae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Cocaine Hydrochloride. Form. — Colorless prisms, flaky leaflets or white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a bitter taste. Solubility. — In 0.4 part of water and 2.6 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alkalies, bromides, iodides, mercury salts, chloroform, etc. Cocaine Hydrochloride is used almost to the exclusion of all other preparations from coca. Therapeutic Action. — Local anesthetic, antiemetic, stimulant. Uses. — Chiefly employed to produce local anesthesia for sur- gical work; also used for pruritus, eczema, hemorrhoids, anal fis- sure, etc. Used to counteract unpleasant effects of other agents in the treatment of eye diseases, rhinitis, etc. Administration. — By Mouth. — It is not often prescribed in this way except to allay gastric irritability. The following will illustrate : B* or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j Acetanilidi gr. x Cerii Oxalatis gr. xx 1 M. ft. cht. no. iv. Sis - . — One every two hours when indicated. 065 650 300 For Hypodermic Use. — It is used either alone or with such agents as Sodium Chloride or Adrenalin Chloride. Hypodermic solutions are not ordered for the patients' use, and the physician frequently employs tablets to make the solution extemporaneously. They may be ordered as follows : As a local anesthetic : $2 or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j 1065 Sodii Chloridi gr. iij |200 Adrenalin Chloridi (1 : 1000) tt\.v |300 Aquae Destillatae q. s. fSj 30|000 M. Sig. — Label. To prescribe percentage solutions of cocaine : B or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. xviij 1 12 Aquae Destillatae q. s. fSj 30|0 M. Sig. — Four per cent, solution cocaine hydrochloride. iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. COCA. 135 Locally. — Cocaine is frequently a constituent in local applications. In the treatment of erythema venenatum : 3 1 or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x Adrenalin Chloridi (1 : 1000) fSss Aquae Rosae q. s. f §vj M. Sig. — Apply every two hours. |65 15J00 180100 In the treatment of conjunctival inflammation as caused by foreign particles, etc. : $ or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. ij Adrenalin Chlor. (1 : 1000) ni.v Acidi Borici gr. x Aquae Destillatae q. s. f.§ j M. Sig. — Drop in eye every three hours till relieved. 30 |13 30 60 00 In the treatment of turgescent rhinitis : I* or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. v Antipyrinae gr. xv Aquae Dest q. s. fSj M. Sig. — For physician's use. I 3 1|0 30I0 This is usually applied on long, slender rolls of absorbent cotton made by rolling cotton around a probe or applicator and then slipping it off. They are dipped into the solution and inserted in the nose and allowed to remain a few minutes. In the treatment of erythema scarlatiniforme : IP or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. iv Acetanilidi gr. xx Zinci Oxidi ,. 3iss Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sij M. Sig. — Apply thin on a cloth. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 IMd. |26 l;30 6J00 60100 136 COCCUS. COLCHICUM. In the treatment of herpes progenitalis : n 1 or Cocainae Hydrochlor. gr. j 1065 Mentholis gr. xij |800 Adipis Larue Hyd q. s. §ss 151000 M. Sig. — Apply locally. In the treatment of pruritus ani : R2 or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x 65 Phenolis gr. xx 1 30 Petrolati q. s. 5j 30 00 M. Sig. — Apply locally. COCCUS. Latin, Coccus. Eng., Cochineal. The dried female insect Pseudo- coccus cacti. Used in manufacturing as a coloring agent, but not often pre- scribed. CODEINA. See Opium, p. 244. CODEINA PHOSPHAS. See Opium, p. 244. CODEINA SULPHAS. See Opium, p. 244. COLCHICUM. The corm and the seed are official. Principal Constituent. — Colchicine. COLCHICI CORMUS. Eng., Colchicum Corm. The dried conn of Colchicum autumnale. Official Preparation. Extractum Colchici Cormi. Eng., Extract of Colchicum Corm. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gin.). i White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. COLLODIUM. 137 COLCHICI SEMEN. Eng., Colchicum Seed. The seed of Colchicum autumnale. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Colchici Seminis. Eng., Fluidextract of Colchicum Seed. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Tinctura Colchici Seminis. Eng., Tincture of Colchicum Seed. Rep- resents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Vinum Colchici Seminis. Eng., Wine of Colchicum Seed. Repre- sents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Official Alkaloid from Colchicum. Colchicina. Eng., Colchicine. Form. — Pale-yellow leaflets or powder. Solubility. — In 22 parts of water. Very soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — ^s grain (0.0005 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antirheumatic, analgesic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of rheumatism, gout and neuralgia. Administration. — The Wine and the Tincture are the prepara- tions most employed. They are usually prescribed with other agents, as the salicylates, etc. In rheumatism, gout, etc. : R or Sodii Salicylatis gr. clx 10 Sodii Bicarbonatis '3ij 8 Vin. Colchici Sem f3iv 15 Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f 3iv 120 M. Sig. — Tablespoon ful every four hours. COLLODIUM— Collodion. Latin, Collodium (Gen., Collodii). Eng., Collodion. Pyroxylin, 40 Gm. ; Ether, 750 Cc. ; Alcohol, 250 Cc. This is a liquid preparation, intended for external use, having for its base a solution of pyroxylin or gun-cotton, in a mixture of ether and alcohol. The following four are official : Collodium. — See Collodium. Collodium Cantharidatum. — See Cantharis. 138 COLOCYXTHIS. Collodium Flexile. — See Collodium. Collodium Stypticum. — See Acidum Tannicum. Official Preparation. Collodium Flexile. Eng., Flexible Collodion. Collodion, 920 Gm.; Canada Turpentine, 50 Gm. ; Castor Oil, 30 Gm. Collodion is also con- tained in the other official collodions. Therapeutic Action. — Protective. Uses. — As a protective dressing for wounds and as a vehicle for the administration of active agents, as in the treatment of clavus and various skin diseases. Administration. — They are used locally either alone or with other agents. In the treatment of clavus : Bi or Acidi Salicylici gr. xxx 2|0 Ext. Cannabis Ind gr. x 6 Collodii q. s. f §ss 15 M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. Many prescribers add about 25 per cent, of Oleum Ricini to collodion to render it more flexible and to prevent too rapid evapo- ration. In the treatment of psoriasis : W 2 or Chrysarobini 3j 4|0 Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 113 ^theris f3j 410 Olei Ricini ti\x 16 Collodii q. s. f3ss 15 M. Sig. — Paint on affected parts. COLOCYNTHIS. Latin, Colocynthis (Gen., Colocynthidis). Eng., Colocynth. Synonym, Bitter Apple. The peeled dried fruit of Citrullus colo- cynthis. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). i Stelwagou: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. COXFECTIO. 139 Official Preparations. Extractum Colocynthidis. Eng., Extract of Colocynth. Average Dose. — 1 /2 grain (0.30 Gm.). Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum. Eng., Compound Extract of Colocynth. Extract of Colocynth, 160 Gm. ; Purified Aloes, 500 Gm. ; Resin of Scammony, 140 Gm.; Cardamom, 60 Gm.; Powdered Soap, 140 Gm. A bitter, brownish powder. Average Dose. — 7^ grains (0.500 Gm.). Compound Extract of Colocynth is a constituent in the official Pilulse Catharticae Compositse and Pilulse Catharticse Vegetables. Therapeutic Action. — Purgative of the hydragogue, drastic, and probably cholagogue type. Uses. — Employed almost exclusively in combination with other agents to produce purgation. Administration. — Compound Extract of Colocynth is seldom prescribed alone, but it is sometimes used with other purgative agents. The full U. S. P. dose is not often employed. It is very apt to produce griping used: Combinations like the following are As a postoperative laxative : $i or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xx Ext. Colocynth. Comp gr. xxv M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One at bedtime. 065 300 600 As a purgative : $ or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. iij Ext. Colocynth. Comp gr. vj Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j M. ft. cap. no. iij. Sig. — One every hour. 200 600 065 CONFEOTIO— Confection. Confections are saccharine soft solids in which one or more medicinal substances are incorporated with the object of affording an agreeable form for their administration and a convenient method iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 140 CONIUM. CONVALLARIA. COPAIBA. for their preservation. They are not often prescribed. The follow- ing two are official : Confectio Rosae. — See Rosa. Confectio Sennae. — See Senna. CONIUM. Latin, Conium (Gen., Conii). Eng.. Conium. Synonym, Hemlock. The full-grown but unripe fruit of Conium maculatum. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Conii. Eng., Fluidextract of Conium. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, depressant. Uses. — Has been recommended for asthma, whooping-cough, croup, laryngismus stridulus and kindred conditions. Administration. — Conium is now seldom prescribed. CONVALLARIA. Latin, Convallaria. Eng., Convallaria. Synonym, Lilly of the \ r alley. The dried rhyzome and roots of Convallaria majalis. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Convallariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Convallaria. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc.). Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, diuretic, purgative. Uses. — Has been recommended in heart disease to replace digitalis when that drug was not well tolerated. Administration. — Convallaria is seldom prescribed. COPAIBA. Latin, Copaiba (Gen., Copaibse). Eng.. Copaiba. Synonym, Balsam of Copaiba. An oleoresin derived from one or more species of Copaiba. Form. — A pale-yellow or brownish-yellow, more or less trans- parent and viscid liquid. Odor and Taste. — Very disagreeable. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). CORIAXDRUM. CREOSOTUM. 141 Official Constituent. Oleum Copaibae. Eng., Oil of Copaiba. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, antiseptic. Uses. — Its disagreeable taste and odor and disturbance of digestive function have caused this drug to be almost dropped by the profession. It has been recommended for gonorrhea, cystitis and kindred conditions. Administration. — Seldom prescribed. It is best administered in the ready-prepared, soft, elastic capsules. It can be obtained in this form either alone or with other agents, as Salol, Oil of Santal, etc. CORIANDRUM. Latin, Coriandrum. Eng., Coriander. The dried ripe fruit of Coriandrnm sativum. Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Constituent. Oleum Coriandri. Eng., Oil of Coriander. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Solubility. — Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic and carminative. Uses. — As a flavoring agent and recommended to prevent griping of purgatives. Administration. — Oil of Coriander is contained in several of- ficial preparations. Coriander or the Oil are seldom prescribed as such. CREOSOTUM. Latin, Creosotum (Gen., Creosoti). Eng., Creosote. A mixture of phenols and phenol derivatives, chiefly Guaiacol and Creosol ob- tained during the distillation of wood-tar, preferably of that derived from the beech. Form. — An almost colorless liquid. Odor and Taste. — Penetrating odor and burning taste. Solubility. — In 140 parts of water, but without forming a clear solution. Freely soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Cupric, ferric and silver salts, acacia, albumin, and oxidizing agents. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 142 CREOSOTUM. Official Preparation. Aqua Creosoti. Eng., Creosote Water. Creosote, 10 Cc.; Distilled Water, 990 Cc. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc.). Unofficial Preparation. Creosoti Carbonas. Eng., Creosote Carbonate. Synonym, Creosotal. Contains about 90 per cent, of Creosote. Form. — A thick, oily liquid. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water ; soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, expectorant, irritant. Uses. — Employed by mouth or inhalation in the treatment of coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, croup, etc. Locally it is used for toothache and for various skin diseases. Administration. — By Mouth. — Creosote is too powerful an irritant to be prescribed pure, but is frequently used in bland liquids, as emulsions, particularly the Emulsion of Codliver Oil and the Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine. In the treatment of tuberculosis, bronchitis, etc. : K or Creosoti f 3j 4 Emul. 01. Morrh. cum Hypoph q. s. Oj 480 M. tere bene. Sig.— "Shake." Tablespoonful after meals and at bedtime. Or: I£ or Creosoti Carbonatis f3v 19 Emul. 01. Morrh. cum Hypoph q. s. Oj 480 M. tere bene. Sig— "Shake." Tablespoonful after meals and at bedtime. 3 or Creosoti f 3ss 2 Emul. Petrolei fgviij 240 M. tere bene. Sig— "Shake." Tablespoonful after meals and at bedtime. CREOSOTUM. 143 In the treatment of bronchitis : B 1 or Terebeni f3ij Creosoti f3ss Acacise q. s. Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. fSiij M. ft. emul. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. 2 90 In the treatment of tuberculosis : $2 or Creosoti f 3j 4 Tinct. Gentiana? Comp f3j 30 Alcoholis q. s. f 5vii j 240 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. In the treatment of tuberculosis : $3 or Creosoti Trtxxiv Glycerini fSij Tinct. Aurantii Dulc q. s. fSiij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. 1|5 60|0 9010 Creosote Carbonate being less irritating, may be administered alone in capsules. Creosote is frequently employed as an inhalation, alone or with other agents. A common method is to arrange for a supply of aqueous vapor, as in the following : As an inhalation in bronchitis, laryngitis, etc. n or Creosoti f 3ij 8 Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. fSij 60 M. Sig. — Use teaspoonful to pitcher of hot water as directed. Patient may be given instructions, as to use for fifteen minutes every three hours. Children are sometimes best treated during sleep by making a tent out of a newspaper. Locally. — Creosote is a constituent of many of the toothache remedies, or is used alone for that purpose. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. - Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. s IhUl. 144 CRESOL. CUBEBA. CRESOL. Latin, Cresol (Gen., Cresolis). Eng., Cresol. A mixture of the three isomeric Cresols obtained from coal-tar, freed from phenol, hydrocarbons and water. A colorless or straw-colored liquid turning yellowish brown on prolonged exposure to light. Soluble in 60 parts of water. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Official Preparation. Liquor Cresolis Compositus. Eng., Compound Solution of Cresol. Cresol, 500 Gm. ; Linseed Oil, 350 Gm.; Potassium Hydroxide, 80 Gm.; Water, to make 1000 Gm. Miscible with water in all proportions. This was introduced into the U. S. P. to furnish a uniform and reliable preparation to replace the numer- ous more or less uncertain proprietaries. Therapeutic Action. — Disinfectant, germicide. Uses. — Employed as a cleansing solution and dressing after labor and for infected wounds, periostitis and other infective and suppurative conditions. Administration. — The compound solution or some of the sim- ilar proprietary products are employed. They are prescribed alone and used properly diluted with water (1 : 20 to 1 : 1000). For local use after labor : $ or Liq. Cresolis Co fSiv 120| Sig.— "Poison." Use teaspoonful to quart of warm water as directed. Nurse is instructed to pour over the vulva after urination. This prescription, with the exception that the water is used hot, is used for soaking the parts in some suppurating conditions, as of the feet in osteoperiostitis, etc. CRETA PRiEPARATA. See Calcium, p. 101. CUBEBA. Latin, Cubeba. Eng., Cubeb. The dried, unripe but fully grown fruit of Piper cubeba. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). CUPRI SULPHAS. CUSSO. CYPRIPEDIUM. 145 Official Preparations and Constituents. Fluidextractum Cubebae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cubeb. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Oleoresina Cubebae. Eng., Oleoresin of Cubeb. Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Trochisci Cubebae. Eng., Troches of Cubeb. Each troche contains about 0.02 Cc. i}/z minim) of Oleoresin of Cubeb. Oleum Cubebae. Eng., Oil of Cubeb. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, urinary antiseptic, irritant. Uses. — By mouth for gonorrhea, cystitis, etc. By mouth or inhalation for bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, nasal catarrh, etc. Administration. — By mouth it is usually prescribed in the form of the ready-prepared capsules, either alone or more fre- quently with other agents, as copaiba, salol or santal oil. It is used for inhalation in the form of cigarettes or of powders to be smoked in a pipe. CUPRI SULPHAS. Latin, Cupri Sulphas. Eng., Copper Sulphate. Synonyms, Blue Vitriol, Blue Stone. Large, deep-blue crystals. Average Dose. — Astringent, % grain (0.010 Gm.). Emetic, 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic, caustic, antiseptic, emetic. . Uses. — Still frequently employed as a domestic remedy, but almost unused by the profession. CUSSO. Latin, Cusso. Eng., Kousso. The dried panicles of the pistil- late flowers of Hagenia abyssinica. Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Anthalmintic. Uses. — Has been particularly recommended for tapeworm. Almost unused. CYPRIPEDIUM. Latin, Cypripedium. Eng., Cypripedium. Synonym, Lady's Slipper. The dried rhyzome and roots of Cypripedium hirsutum, or of Cypripedium parviflorum. 10 146 DECOCTUM. DIGITALIS. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a nerve sedative and anti- spasmodic. Uses. — Has been recommended for neurasthenia, hysteria, neuralgia, etc. Seldom used. DECOCTUM— Decoction. Decoctions are liquid preparations made by boiling vegetable substances with water. When the strength and method of prepara- tion are not otherwise specified, they are made by boiling 5 parts of the coarsely comminuted drug for fifteen minutes with enough water to make 100 parts. There are no official decoctions. DIGITALIS. Latin, Digitalis (Gen., Digitalis). Eng.. Digitalis. Synonym, Foxglove. The dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea, collected from plants of the second year's growth, at the commencement of flowering. Principal Constituents. — The glucocides, digitoxin, digitalin, digi- talein, digitonin, digitin ; tannic acid, etc. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Digitalis. Eng., Extract of Digitalis. About five times the strength of the drug. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Fluidextractum Digitalis. Eng., Fluidextract of Digitalis. Made with diluted alcohol. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Infusum Digitalis. Eng., Infusion of Digitalis. Represents 1.5 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Tinctura Digitalis. Eng., Tincture of Digitalis. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug in diluted alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Unofficial Preparations. Digitalinum. Eng., Digitalin. A glucoside obtained from Digitalis. Average Dose. — %oo grain (0.0006 Gm.). This is not to be confused with Digitalinum Germanicum. Many standard- ized proprietary preparations are available. DIGITALIS. 147 Therapeutic Action. — Cardiac tonic and stimulant, diuretic. Uses. — Employed for various cardiac and renal diseases and conditions. Administration. — The physiologically tested, fat-free prepa- rations put out by the larger pharmaceutical houses are now extensively employed, and are probably the preparations of choice with discriminating prescribers. They are all apt to produce gastric disturbances. For anything like rapid effect it is customary to use Digitalin, or some specially prepared preparation, hypodermically. Digitalis or its preparations are usually administered only two or three times a day, as the effect is slow in developing, but lasting. The powdered Leaves, Fluidextract, Tincture, and Infusion are administered by mouth. Digitalin is sometimes given by mouth and is a convenient form for hypodermic use. The extract is seldom employed. It is claimed that the common preparations of Digitalis are very unreliable as to quality; so it is advised to always use a physio- logically tested product. Many of our best therapists prescribe the Fluidextract or Tinc- ture alone, to be administered by drops, well diluted with water, as : 3 or Tincturse Digitalis fSj 301 Sig. — Begin with twenty (20) drops as directed. The advantage is that the dose can be readily increased or dimin- ished. It must be remembered, however, that these preparations average about 120 drops to every 60 minims, and that this may vary greatly, owing to shape of dropper, temperature, etc. As a diuretic, the infusion is the preparation of frequent choice, as it has been claimed (but not proved) that water does not dissolve digitoxin to an appreciable extent, but does dissolve the other active constituents. It is used alone or with other agents, as Spirit of Nitrous Ether, Potassium Citrate, etc. The infusion should be freshly prepared. Some common methods of prescribing digitalis are as follows : In the treatment of heart disease, etc. : $ or Tinct. Digitalis, Tinct. Nucis Vom aa. f 3s s 15 Sig. — Twenty (20) drops in water three times a day. 148 DIGITALIS. Or: B or Tinct. Digitalis. Tinct. Nucis Vom aa. f 3yj 22 5 Tinct. Cardam. Co q. s. f §iv 120 Sig. — Teaspoonful in water three times a day. In the treatment of chronic heart disease : Digitalis Pulv., Quininse Hydrochlor aa. gr. xv 1 Ext. Valerianae 5j 4 M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One three times a day. In the treatment of chronic nephritis with anasarca : B or Digitalis Pulv., Scillae Pulv., Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis aa. gr. xx 13 Ext. Hyoscyami gr. x 6 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. In the treatment of goiter : R-> or Extracti Digitalis gr. iv |26 Extracti Ergotse gr. xxx 2|00 Strychninae Sulph gr. ss |03 Ferri Arsenatis gr. ij 13 M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One after each meal. In the treatment of ascites : fy'i or Potassii Acetatis 3j 30 Spir. iEtheris Nit f5ss 15 Inf. Digitalis q. s. fSiv 120 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every six hours. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. ELASTICA. ELATERINUM. 149 In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : Ri or Potassii Acetatis 3j 4 Infusi Digitalis q. s. fSij 60 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful every three hours. In the treatment of acute uremia : 1*2 or Pilocarpine Hydrochl gr. j 065 Sparteinse Sulph gr. iv 260 Inf. Digitalis fSij 60 000 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every half-hour till desired effect. ELASTICA. Latin, Elastica. Eng., Rubber. Synonym, India Rubber. ELATERINUM. Latin, Elaterinum (Gen., Elaterini). Eng., Elaterin. A neu- tral principle obtained from Elaterium, a substance deposited by the juice of Ecballium elaterium. Form. — Minute white scales or crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a slightly acrid, bitter taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water ; soluble in 262 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — y 10 grain (0.005 Gm.). Official Preparation. Trituratio Elaterini. Eng., Trituration of Elaterin. Contains 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — y 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Drastic purgative. Uses. — Employed principally in those urgent cases when immediate and active purgation is desired, or when the patient is unable to swallow the dose of other purgatives, as in apoplexy, uremia and eclampsia. Administration. — The drug is suspended in a small amount of water or olive oil, and if patient is unconscious it is allowed to pass back to the pharynx a few drops at a time. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. - Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 150 ELIXIR. EMPLASTRUM. EMULSUM. ERGOTA. ELIXIR. Elixirs are aromatic, sweetened, spirituous solutions containing small amounts of medicinal substances. They constitute one of the most commonly used classes of preparations, and contribute largely toward the possibility of pleasant medication. The National Formu- lary contains many of the more popular formulae, but only three elixirs are official. They are as follows: Elixir Adjuvans. — See Glycyrrhiza. Elixir Aromaticum. — See Aurantium. Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphaturm — See Ferrum. EMPLASTRUM— Plaster. Plasters are preparations for external application, and of such consistence that they require heat in spreading them, and adhere to the skin when applied. They are not often prescribed. The follow- ing seven plasters are official : Emplastrum Adhesivum. Eng., Adhesive Plaster. Emplastrum Belladonnas. — See Belladonna. Emplastrum Capsici. — See Capsicum. Emplastrum Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. Emplastrum Opii. — See Opium. Emplastrum Plumbi. — See Plumbum. Emplastrum Saponis. — See Sapo. EMULSUM— Emulsion. Emulsions are aqueous liquids in which immiscible substances are held in suspension by the use of some viscid agent. The immis- cible substance is usually an oil and the viscid agent is usually a gum. There are six official emulsions, as follows : Emulsum Amygdalae. — See Amygdala. Emulsum Asafoetidae. — See Asafoetida. Emulsum Chloroformi. — See Chloroformum. Emulsum Olei Morrhuae. — See Oleum Morrhuae. Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus. — See Oleum Mor- rhuae. Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae. — See Terebinthina. ERGOTA. Latin, Ergota (Gen., Ergotse). Eng., Ergot. Synonym, Ergot of Rye, Rye Smut. ERGOTA. 151 The sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea, a fungous growth re- placing the grain of rye, Secale cereale. Principal Constituents. — Ergotine, Tannic Acid, etc. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Ergotae. Eng., Extract of Ergot. Synonym, Ergotin. About eight times the strength of the drug. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Fluidextractum Ergotae. Eng., Fluidextract of Ergot. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). Vinum Ergotae. Eng., Wine of Ergot. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 2 fiuidrachms (8 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Oxytocic, emmenagogue, haemostatic. Uses. — Employed after the third stage of labor to promote contraction of the uterus ; also for menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, purpura hemorrhagica, etc. Administration. — For temporary use, as during labor, the Fluidextract is the preparation usually employed. When the use of Ergot is to be continued for some time, it is frequently advisable to administer the Extract in capsules on account of the disagreeable taste of the drug. Most of the larger pharmaceutical manufacturing houses now physiologically test all the ergot they put on the market. Its hypo- dermic use has sometimes been followed by such unpleasant results that it should be used in this way only in cases of extreme emergency, and then the special aseptic hypodermic preparations should be employed. Some common methods of prescribing ergot are as follows : In the treatment of goiter : Ri or Extracti Digitalis gr. iv Extracti Ergotae 3ss Strychninje Sulph gr. ss Ferri Arsenitis gr. ij M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sisr. — One after each meal. 26 00 03 13 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. |065 I 2|000 152 ERIODICTYON. In the treatment of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia: I* 1 or Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 1030 Hydrastininae Hydrochl gr. x 650 Extracti Ergotae gr. xl 21500 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One two hours after meals. In the treatment of subinvolution of the uterus : 1*2 or Strychninae Sulph gr. j Ext. Ergotae, Quininae Sulph aa. gr. xxx M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One before each meal. In the treatment of purpura hemorrhagica : 1*3 or Extracti Ergotae gr. xv 1 Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 Quininae Sulphatis gr. lx 4 M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One after each meal. In the treatment of menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, etc. : n or Flext. Ergotae fSj 30 Flext. Hydrastis, Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa. fSss 15 Tinct. Aurant. Dulc q. s. f£iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water after meals. ERIODICTYON. Latin, Eriodictyon (Gen., Eriodictyi). Eng., Eriodictyon. Synonym, Yerba Santa. The dried leaves of Eriodictyon cali- fornicum. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Eriodictyi. Eng., Fluidextract of Eriodictyon. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). i Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. - Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 3 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. EUCALYPTUS. 153 National Formulary Preparations. Elixir Eriodictyi Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic Elixir of Eriodictyon. Represents 6.25 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Syrupus Eriodictyi Aromaticus. Eng., Aromatic Syrup of Eriodictyon. Represents 3.2 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an expectorant and tonic. Uses. — Employed almost exclusively to disguise the taste of quinine. Administration. — For disguising the taste of quinine, the Aromatic Syrup is preferable. The Aromatic Elixir is also some- times used. The taste of Eriodictyon itself is very objectionable to some patients. n or Quininse Sulphatis gr. xx 113 Syr. Eriodictyi Aronl q. s. f Si j 6010 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every three hours. EUCALYPTUS. Latin, Eucalyptus. Eng., Eucalyptus. The dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation and Constituents. Fluidextractum Eucalypti. Eng., Fluidextract of Eucalyptus. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Oleum Eucalypti. Eng., Oil of Eucalyptus. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Eucalyptol. Eng., Eucalyptol. An organic oxide obtained from the Oil of Eucalyptus and other sources. A colorless liquid, very slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, rubefacient, expectorant, antispasmodic. Uses. — Principally employed in sprays or inhalations for nasal catarrh, acute rhinitis, hay fever, asthma, bronchitis, etc. Some- times used externally in the treatment of ulcers and various skin diseases. 154 EUGEXOL. EUOXYMUS. EUPATORIUM. Administration. — Eucalyptol and the Oil of Eucalyptus are frequently employed in oily sprays. Liquid petrolatum is an ex- cellent vehicle. If used in aqueous solutions the quantity must be comparatively small. For external use they may be pre- scribed in bland oils, or such ointment vehicles as Petrolatum. 26 26 00 B or Camphorae gr. iv Eucalyptolis, 01. Pini Syl., 01. Menth. Pip aa. gtt. iv Petrolati Liq q. s. f 3iv 120 M. Sig. — Spray nose and throat every three hours. EUGENOL. See Caryophyllus, p. 114. EUONYMUS. Latin, Euonymus. Eng., Euonymus. Synonym, Wahoo. The dried bark of the root of Euonymus atro purpureas. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Euonymi. Eng., Extract of Euonymus. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Fluidextractum Euonymi. Eng., Fluidextract of Euonymus. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc.). Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, diuretic, expectorant. Uses. — Recommended in certain forms of dyspepsia, consti- pation and related conditions. Seldom employed. EUPATORIUM. Latin, Eupatorium. Eng., Eupatorium. Synonym, Boneset, Thoroughwort. The dried leaves and flower-tops of Eupatorium perfoliatum. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Eupatorii. Eng., Fluidextract of Eupatorium. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). EXTRACTUM. FEL BOVIS. 155 Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a mild tonic, diuretic, dia- phoretic. Uses. — A household remedy for the treatment of coryza, influenza, etc. Seldom prescribed. EXTRACTUM— Extract. Extracts are solid or semisolid preparations produced by evap- orating solutions of vegetable principles. The official extracts are either powders or soft solids. The majority of them can be ob- tained in powdered form and many prescribers prefer them that way. Extracts are usually about five times the strength of the crude drug. The following twenty-eight are official : Extractum Aloes. — See Aloes. Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum. — See Belladonna. Extractum Cannabis Indicae. — See Cannabis Indica. Extractum Cimicifugae. — See Cimicifuga. Extractum Colchici Cormi. — See Colchicum. Extractum Colocynthidis. — See Colocynthis. Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum. — See Colocynthis. Extractum Digitalis. — See Digitalis. Extractum Ergotae. — See Ergota. Extractum Euonymi. — See Euonymus. Extractum Gentianae. — See Gentiana. Extractum Glycyrrhizae. — See Glycyrrhiza. Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum. — See Glycyrrhiza. Extractum Haematoxyli. — See Haematoxylon. Extractum Hyoscyami. — See Hyoscyamus. Extractum Kmrneriae. — See Krameria. Extractum Leptandrae. — See Leptandra. Extractum Malti. — See Maltum. Extractum Nucis Vomicae. — See Xux Vomica. Extractum Opii. — See Opium. Extractum Physostigmatis. — See Physostigma. Extractum Quassiae. — See Quassia. Extractum Rhamni Purshianae. — See Rhamnus Purshiana. Extractum Rhei. — See Rheum. Extractum Scopolae. — See Scopola. Extractum Stramonii. — See Stramonium. Extractum Sumbul. — See Sumbul. Extractum Taraxaci. — See Taraxacum. FEL BOVIS. Latin, Fel Bovis (Gen., Fellis Bovis) bile of Bos taurus. A brownish-green or dark-green liquid. Eng., Oxgall. The fresh 156 FERRUM. Official Preparation. Fel Bovis Purificatum. Eng., Purified Oxgall. A yellowish-green, soft solid. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Cholagogue, purgative and intestinal antiseptic. Uses. — It is generally prescribed with other purgative agents, particularly for intestinal indigestion, tympanites, etc. Administration. — The unofficial Fel Bovis Inspissatus — Eng., Inspissated (dried) Oxgall — is probably more frequently employed than the other forms. The average dose is about 5 grains (0.35 Gm.). Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis, Fel. Bovis Insp., Rhei Pulv aa. gr. v Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j M. ft. cap. no. iij. Sig. — One every two hours. FERRUM. Latin, Ferrum (Gen., Ferri). Eng., Iron. Official Preparations and Salts. FERRUM REDUCTUM. Eng., Reduced Iron. Synonyms, Iron by Hydrogen, Black Iron. Contains not less than 90 per cent, of metallic Iron. Form. — A grayish-black, granular powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Incompatibles. — Oxidizing agents, salts of antimony, bismuth, copper, lead, mercury and silver. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATUS. Eng., Saccharated Ferrous Carbonate. A brownish powder containing about 15 per cent, of Ferrous Carbonate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). MASSA FERRI CARBONATIS. Eng., Mass of Ferrous Carbonate. Synonym, Vallet's Mass. A soft, dark-colored mass containing about 50 per cent, of Ferrous Carbonate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). MISTURA FERRI COMPOSITA. Eng., Compound Iron Mixture. Synonym, Griffith's Mixture. Contains Iron in the form of Ferrous Carbonate. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). FERRUM. 157 PILULE FERRI CARBONATIS. Eng, Pills of Ferrous Carbonate. Synonyms, BlaucTs Pills, Ferruginous Pills, Chalybeate Pills. Each pill contains about 1 grain of Ferrous Carbonate. Average Dose. — 2 pills. FERRI CHLORIDUM. Eng., Ferric Chloride. Synonym, Iron Per- chloride. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Liquor Ferri Chloridi. Eng., Solution of Ferric Chloride. Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc). Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. Eng., Tincture of Ferric Chloride. A hydro- alcoholic liquid containing some free acid and not less than 13.28 per cent, of Ferric Chloride. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). FERRI CITRAS. Eng., Ferric Citrate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). FERRI ET AMMONII CITRAS. Eng., Iron and Ammonium Citrate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Vinum Ferri. Eng., Wine of Iron. Average Dose. — 2 rluidrachms (8 Cc). FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS. Eng, Iron and Quinine Citrate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS SOLUBILIS. Eng, Soluble Iron and Quinine Citrate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Vinum Ferri Amarum. Eng, Bitter Wine of Iron. Average Dose. — 2 rluidrachms (8 Cc). FERRI ET STRYCHNINE CITRAS. Eng, Iron and Strychnine Citrate. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). FERRI ET AMMONII SULPHAS. Eng, Ferric Ammonium Sul- phate. Synonyms, Ferric Alum, Ammonio-ferric Alum. Average Dose. — 7 l /2 grains (0.500 Gm.). FERRI ET AMMONII TARTRAS. Eng, Iron and Ammonium Tartrate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). FERRI ET POTASSII TARTRAS. Eng, Iron and Potassium Tartrate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). FERRI PHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS. Eng, Soluble Ferric Phosphate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Glyceritum Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. Eng, Glycer- ite of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. Eng, Elixir of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. Soluble Ferric Phosphate, 158 FERRUM. 17.500 Gm.; Quinine, 8.750 Gm.; Strychnine, 0.275 Gm.; Aromatic Elixir, etc., to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. Eng., Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS. Eng, Soluble Ferric Pyro- phosphate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). FERRI HYDROXIDUM. Eng, Ferric Hydroxide. Ferri Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Oxido. Eng, Ferric Hydroxide with Magnesium Oxide. Average Dose. — Arsenical antidote — 4 fluidounces (120 Cc). FERRI HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng, Ferric Hypophosphite. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). SYRUPUS FERRI IODIDI. Eng, Syrup of Ferrous Iodide. Con- tains about 5 per cent, by weight of Ferrous Iodide. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). PILULE FERRI IODIDI. Eng, Pills of Ferrous Iodide. Each pill contains about 1 grain of Ferrous Iodide. Average Dose. — 2 pills. FERRI SULPHAS. Eng, Ferrous Sulphate. Synonyms, Green Vit- riol; if impure, Copperas. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus. Eng, Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate. 100 parts of Ferrous Sulphate are deprived of water of crystallization till the weight is reduced to 65 parts. A grayish-white powder. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Ferri Sulphas Granulatus. Eng, Granulated Ferrous Sulphate. A greenish, granular powder. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. Eng, Solution of Ferric Subsulphate. Synonym, Monsel's Solution. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis. Eng, Solution of Ferric Sulphate. LIQUOR FERRI ET AMMONII ACETATIS. Eng, Solution of Iron and Ammonium Acetate. Synonym, Basham's Mixture. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Unofficial Preparations. Compound Glycerophosphates in the form of the syrup, elixir or solution (without sugar) have about the same formula as the Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites (see p. 26) except that the glycerophosphates instead of the hypophosphites are used. They seem to be excellent pharmaceutical products. The preparation without sugar is particularly popular. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). FERRUM. 159 LIQUOR FERRI PEPTONATI CUM MANGANO. Eng., Solution of Peptonate of Iron with Manganese. A National Formulary preparation frequently prescribed. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc.). Therapeutic Action. — Tonic, hsematinic. The iodide is also alterative and the chloride, sulphate and some others are astringent and styptic. Most of the solutions of iron are anti- septic or disinfectant. Uses. — Internally the preparations of iron are employed in the treatment of anemia, chlorosis, malaria, amenorrhea, ery- sipelas and many; other conditions. Locally, they are used for tonsillitis, pharyngitis, diphtheria, epistaxis, gastric ulcer, etc. Administration. — The medicinal use of the preparations of Iron are confined almost altogether to administration by mouth. They are usually either given alone or associated only with the salts of metals or alkaloids. Administration may be either in solid form or in solution. Solid Form. — Where comparatively large amounts of iron are to be given, or the use continued for an extended time, this is usually the most desirable form on account of the action of iron on the teeth and the unpleasant taste of most of the liquid preparations. Re- duced Iron, the Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate, the Mass of Ferrous Carbonate, Pills of Ferrous Carbonate and the Pills of Ferrous Iodide are employed, but the latter are particularly apt to deteriorate with age, and they are so infrequently used that it is usually hard to find a fresh stock on the shelves of the average pharmacy. It should be remembered that the Mass of Ferrous Carbonate is a soft solid ; so, while it can be dispensed in capsules alone or with other agents, it will first have to be made into pill form. The Pills of Ferrous Carbonate are on the market in all sizes, from about 2 to 5 grains. The "5-grain" pill, which contains about 1 grain of the Ferrous Carbonate, is the official pill and is what is dispensed unless some other size is specified. It has been claimed that these pills soon become insoluble if kept, but this does not seem to be the case if they are well made. In the treatment of chlorosis : Pil. Ferri Carbonatis no. c Sig. — One after each meal. This is the most economical way of administering Ferrous Carbonate. 160 FERRUM. In the treatment of chlorosis, etc. : R or Ferri Sulphatis Gran gr. cc 12 Potassii Carbonatis : gr. c 6 M. ft. cap. no. l. Sig. — One after each meal. Strychnine, arsenic, etc., may also be ordered in the above. This forms the fresh carbonate and liberates water of crystallization, producing a moist mixture, which has to be made into a mass before putting into capsules. In the treatment of anemia. : Ri or Ferri Sulph. Exsic, Potassii Bicarb aa. 3j 41 M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One after each meal. The idea here is to have the fresh Ferrous Carbonate formed in the stomach. In the treatment of amenorrhea (to be used 6 days preceding expected period) : R- ? or Aloini gr. ij Mas. Ferri Carb gr. xxx Apiol f3j M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One morning and evening. 13 00 00 In the treatment of chlorosis associated with constipation ft 3 or Aloes Purificati gr. xl 3 Mas. Ferri Carb 3ij 8 Pulv. Aromatici q. s. M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One at bedtime. In the treatment of purpura hemorrhagica : fy* or Extracti Ergotae gr. xv 1 Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 Quininae Sulphatis gr. lx 4 M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One after each meal. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 3 Ibid. 4 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. FERRUM. 161 As a tonic, particularly in the treatment of malaria Strychninae Sulphatis gr. j Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij Quininse Sulphatis gr. c Ferri Reducti gr. c M. ft. cap. no. l. Sig-. — One after each meal. or 065 130 000 000 Massa Ferri Carbonatis in four-grain doses may be used instead of the Ferrum Reductum. In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc. : Ri or Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss Asafoetida Pulv gr. x Ext. Sumbul, Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa. gr. xx M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. 03 65 30 In the treatment of syphilis : Massse Hydrargyri gr. xl Ferri Sulph. Exsic gr. xx Extracti Opii gr. v M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. or In the treatment of goiter : Extracti Digitalis gr. iv Ext. Ergotae 3ss Strychninae Sulph gr. ss Ferri Arsenatis gr. ij M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One after each meal. or 26 00 03 13 1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 3 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 11 162 FERRUM. As a postoperative tonic : B 1 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., Arseni Trioxidi aa. gr. j Ext. Xucis Vomicae gr. xxv Ferri et Quin. Cit gr. cc M. ft. cap. no. c. Sig. — One after each meal. 1 13 065 600 000 In Solution. — Solutions of Iron Salts should be taken well diluted and through a tube, and the teeth well cleaned after each adminis- tration. The Tincture of Ferric Chloride, the Syrup of Ferrous Iodide, the Elixir of Iron. Quinine and Strychnine and the Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites (see p. 26) are the preparations most frequently employed. The Syrup of Ferrous Iodide is usually prescribed alone. It is the most alterative preparation of iron. It may be ordered with directions to be taken by drops or it may be prescribed diluted with syrup, distilled water or aromatic elixir, so that a teaspoonful represents the desired dose. Where its use is to be continued for some time the former method is more economical for the patient, and possesses the further advantage that the dose can be readily in- creased or diminished. A typical prescription for a child of 5 years would be : Syr. Ferri Iodidi fSj Sig. — Five (5) drops in water after meals. or 301 The Tincture of Ferric Chloride is used alone or with other agents. The U. S. P. average dose is frequently exceeded. For example, the following is sometimes used empyrically in erysipelas : Tinct. Ferri Chlor., . Elixir Aromatici aa. f 5j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four (4) hours. or 30 1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. FERRUM. 163 Some combinations are as follows : As a tonic in the treatment of anemia, etc. : R or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corro; gr. ij 1 13 Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f3ij 8|00 Tinct. Ferri Chlor fSiv 15|00 Acidi Hydrochl. Dil f3iv 15|00 Glycerini fSj 30|00 Aquas Dest q. s. f§vj 180|00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. As a tonic, particularly in malaria : U or Quinina? Sulphatis gr. xc Liq. Acidi Arsenosi 3ij Tinct. Ferri Chlor f3iv Glycerini f3j Aquae q. s. f 5vj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 15 30 180 In an aperient preparation for the treatment of comedo : B 1 or Magnesii Sulphatis 3iss 451 Ferri Sulphatis gr. xvj 1 Acidi Sulph. Dil 3ij 8| Aquae q. s. fSviij 2401 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in water before breakfast. In the treatment of stomatitis : $2 or Potassii Chloratis gr. xxiv 1 5 Tinct. Ferri Chlor ttlxxxvj 2 5 Syr. Zingiberis fEss 15 Aquae q. s. f Sii j 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. ■ 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ruhrah: . Diseases of Children. 164 F1CUS. In the treatment of diphtheria : B 1 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss Tinct. Ferri Chlor " f Sij 8 Glycerini £§ss 15 Aquae Dest q. s. f Siij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 03 00 00 00 In the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc. : n or Potassii Chloratis gr. xl 2|5 Tinct. Ferri Chlor f3ij 8|0 Acidi Sulphurosi f3iij 12 Glycerini f3iv 15 JO Aquae q. s. f3vj 180|0 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in tablespoonful of water every four hours. The Elixir of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine Phosphate, the Com- pound Syrup of Hypophosphites, the Glycerophosphates Compound and the Solution of the -Peptonate of Iron with Manganese are used where a more pleasant preparation is desired and the action of the other agents included is also indicated. They are usually prescribed alone. As a tonic, etc. : Elix. Ferri, Quin. et Strych. Phos. . . . Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or fBviij 2401 As a tonic, etc. : n or Liq. Ferri Pep. cum Mang fSviij 240[ Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. In smaller doses this is frequently administered to children. Arsenic Trioxide, Strychnine Sulphate, etc., may be added as indicated. FICUS. Latin, Ficus. Eng., Fig. The partially dried fruit of Ficus carica. Therapeutic Action. — Laxative. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. FLUIDEXTRACTUM. 165 FLUIDEXTRAOTUM— Fluidextract. These are solutions of the soluble constituents of organic drugs of such strength that each cubic centimeter represents one gram of the drug. The majority of the fluidextracts contain a comparatively large per cent, of alcohol and many of these give precipitates with water. Most of them contain tannic acid, so should not be used with agents incompatible with that drug. The following eighty-five fluidextracts are official : Fluidextractum Aconiti. — See Acontium. Fluidextractum Aromaticum. — See Cinnamomum. Fluidextractum Apocyni. — See Apocynum. Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari. — See Aurantium. Fliudextractum Belladonna? Radicis. — See Belladonna. Fluidextractum Berberis. — See Berberis. Fluidextractum Buchu. — See Buchu. Fluidextractum Calami. — See Calamus. Fluidextractum Calumbae. — See Calumba. Fluidextractum Cannabis Indicae. — See Cannabis Indica. Fluidextractum Capsici. — See Capsicum. Fluidextractum Chimaphilae. — See Chimaphila. Fluidextractum Chiratae. — See Chirata. Fluidextractum Cimicifugae. — See Cimicifuga. Fluidextractum Cinchonae. — See Cinchona. Fluidextractum Colchici Seminis. — See Colchicum. Fluidextractum Cocas. — See Coca. Fluidextractum Conii. — See Conium. Fluidextractum Convallariae. — See Convallaria. Fluidextractum Cubebae. — See Cubeba. Fluidextractum Cypripedii. — See Cypripedium. Fluidextractum Digitalis. — See Digitalis. Fluidextractum Ergotae. — See Ergota. Fluidextractum Eriodictyi. — See Eriodictyon. Fluidextractum Eucalypti. — See Eucalyptus. Fluidextractum Euonymi. — See Euonymus. Fluidextractum Eupatorii. — See Eupatorium. Fluidextractum Frangulae. — See Frangula. Fluidextractum Gentianae. — See Gentiana. Fluidextractum Geranii. — See Geranium. Fluidextractum Glycyrrhizae. — See Glycyrrhiza. Fluidextractum Granati. — See Granatum. Fluidextractum Grindeliae. — See Grindelia. Fluidextractum Guaranae. — See Guarana. Fluidextractum Hamamelidis Foliorum. — See Hamamelis. Fluidextractum Hydrastis. — See Hydrastis. Fluidextractum Hyoscyami. — See Hyoscyamus. Fluidextractum Ipecacuanhae. — See Ipecacuanha. 166 FLUIDEXTRACTUM. Fluidextractum Krameriae. — See Krameria. Fluidextractum Lappae. — See Lappa. Fluidextractum Leptandrae. — See Leptandra. Fluidextractum Lobeliae. — See Lobelia. Fluidextractum Lupulini. — See Lupulinum. Fluidextractum Matico. — See Matico. Fluidextractum Mezerei. — See Mezereum. Fluidextractum Nucis Vomicae. — See Nux Vomica. Fluidextractum Pareirae. — See Pareira. Fluidextractum Phytolaccae. — See Phytolacca. Fluidextractum Pilocarpi. — See Pilocarpus. Fluidextractum Podophylli. — See Podophyllum. Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianas. — See Prunus Virginiana. Fluidextractum Quassias. — See Quassia. Fluidextractum Quillajae. — See Quillaja. Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae. — See Rhamnus Purshiana. Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum. — See Rhamnus Pur- shiana. Fluidextractum Rhei. — See Rheum. Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae. — See Rhus Glabra. Fluidextractum Rosae. — See Rosa. Fluidextractum Rubi. — See Rubus. Fluidextractum Sabinae. — See Sabina. Fluidextractum Sanguinariae. — See Sanguiuaria. Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae. — See Sarsaparilla. Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum. — See Sarsaparilla. Fluidextractum Scillae. — See Scilla. . Fluidextractum Scopolae. — See Scopola. Fluidextractum Scutellariae. — See Scutellaria. Fluidextractum Senegae. — See Senega. Fluidextractum Sennae. — See Senna. Fluidextractum Serpentariae. — See Serpentaria. Fluidextractum Spigeliae. — See Spigelia. Fluidextractum Staphisagriae. — See Staphisagria. Fluidextractum Stillingiae. — See Stillingia. Fluidextractum Stramonii. — See Stramonium. Fluidextractum Sumbul. — See Sumbul. Fluidextractum Taraxaci. — See Taraxacum. Fluidextractum Tritici. — See Triticum. Fluidextractum Uvae Ursi. — See Uva Ursi. Fluidextractum Veratri. — See Veratrum. Fluidextractum Valerianae. — See Valeriana. Fluidextractum Viburni Opuli. — See Viburnum Opulus. Fluidextractum Viburni Prunifolii. — See Viburnum Prunifolium. Fluidextractum Xanthoxyli. — See Xanthoxylum. Fluidextractum Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. FGEXICULUM. FORMALDEHYDUM. FRANGULA. 167 F(ENICULUM. Latin, Foeniculum. Eng., Fennel. The dried, nearly ripe fruit of Fceniculum vulgare. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Constituents and Preparations. Oleum Fceniculi. Eng., Oil of Fennel. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Aqua Foeniculi. Eng., Fennel Water. Average Dose. — 4 fiuidrachms (16 Cc.). Fennel and the Oil of Fennel are contained in several official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a stomachic, carminative, galactagogue, diuretic, etc. Uses. — Principally used in combination with other agents as a flavor and possibly to prevent the griping of purgatives. Sel- dom prescribed as such. FORMALDEHYDUM. Official in the form of the solution given below. Liquor Formaldehydi. Eng., Solution of Formaldehyde. Synonym, Formalin. A colorless, aqueous solution containing not less than 37 per cent, by weight of absolute Formaldehyde (HCOH.) Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, disinfectant. This preparation is, of course, extensively used by the profession, but is seldom prescribed. It is the most desirable agent for disin- fecting rooms, clothing, etc., as it does not damage or decolorize material. Special "generators" are usually employed for liberating the gas from solution. For rooms about 1 pint is used for each 1000 cubic feet of space. Formaldehyde Torches are a convenient form for use. They contain paraformaldehyde, a solid condensation product of formaldehyde, and the gas is liberated by heat. FRANGULA. Latin, Frangula. Eng., Frangula. Synonym, Buckthorn. The dried bark of Rliammis frangula. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 168 GALLA. GAMBIR. Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Frangulae. Eng., Fluidextract of Frangula. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Laxative. Uses. — Chronic constipation. Seldom prescribed. GALLA. Latin, Galla. Eng., Nutgall. An excrescence on Quercus infec- toria caused by the punctures and deposited ova of Cynips tinctoria. Principal Constituents. Tannic Acid, Gallic Acid, etc. Official Preparations. Tinctura Gallae. Eng., Tincture of Nutgall. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Unguentum Gallae. Eng., Nutgall Ointment. Contains 20 per cent, of the drug. Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic. Uses. — Almost unused as such. See Tannic and Gallic Acids. GAMBIR. Latin, Gambir. Eng., Gambir. An extract prepared from the leaves and twigs of Ourouparia gambir. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Tinctura Gambir Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Gambir. Represents Gambir, 5 per cent.; Cinnamon, 2.5 per cent. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Trochisci Gambir. Eng., Troches of Gambir. Each troche contains about 0.06 Gm. (1 grain) of the drug. Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Used in the treatment of diarrhea, hemorrhoids, epistaxis, etc. Administration. — The Compound Tincture is the preparation of choice. Its most common use is as an intestinal astringent, in which case it is usually prescribed with other agents, as bis- muth subnitrate, chalk mixture, etc. GELATINUM. GELSEMIUM. GENTIANA. 169 GELATINUM. Latin, Gelatinum. Eng,, Gelatin. The purified, air-dried prod- uct of the hydrolysis of certain animal tissues, as skin, ligaments, and bones, by treatment with boiling water. An amorphous, more or less transparent solid. Official Preparation. Gelatinum Glycerinatum. Eng., Glycerinated Gelatin. Contains 50 per cent, of gelatin. GELSEMIUM. Latin, Gelsemium. Eng., Gelsemium. Synonyms, Yellow Jasmine, Carolina Jasmine. The dried rhizome and roots of Gelse- mium sempervirens. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Gelsemii. Eng., Fluidextract of Gelsemium. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc.). Tinctura Gelsemii. Eng., Tincture of Gelsemium. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a nervine, sedative, antispas- modic, antiperiodic. Uses. — Recommended for headache, migraine, neuralgia, dys- menorrhea, asthma, whooping-cough, chorea, laryngismus stridulus, etc. Administration. — It is usually recommended in the form of the tincture to be prescribed alone. Not often employed. GENTIANA. Latin, Gentiana (Gen., Gentianae). Eng., Gentian. The dried rhizome and roots of Gentiana lutca. Average dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Gentianae. Eng., Extract of Gentian. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Fluidextractum Gentianae. Eng., Fluidextract of Gentian. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 170 GEXTIAXA. Tinctura Gentianae Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Gentian. Gentian, 100 Gm. ; Bitter Orange-peel, 40 Gm. ; Cardamom, 10 Gm. ; Alco- hol, 600 Cc. ; Water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic, stomachic. Uses. — Employed as a simple bitter, usually in combination with more active agents. Administration. — The use of Gentian is practically confined to the employment of the Extract in pill masses, and the Com- pound Tincture as a vehicle. Some combinations are as follows: In tonic pills or capsules : $ or Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 030 Arseni Trioxidi gr. j 065 Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 000 Ext. Gentianae q. s. M. ft. pil. no. xxx. Sig. — One after each meal. Note that in using the extract as an excipient the amount is left to the discretion of the druggist. Or: R or Strychnine Sulph gr. ss 03 Arseni Trioxidi gr. j 06 Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 00 Ext. Gentianae 3ij 8 00 M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One after each meal. As a bitter tonic : B or Tinct. Xucis Vomicae f3iv 15 Tinct. Gentianae Co q. s. fSiv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. Bi or Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij 113 Piperis Pulv 3ij 8|00 Ext. Gentianae 3ij 8|00 M. ft. cap. no. Ix. Sig. — One after each meal. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. GLANDULE SUPRARENALES SICC^. 1/1 In the treatment of tuberculosis : B 1 or Creosoti f3j 4 Tinct. Gentianse Comp fSj 30 Alcoholis q. s. f Sviij 240 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. GERANIUM. Latin, Geranium. Eng., Geranium. Synonym, Cranesbill. The dried rhizome of Geranium maculatum. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Geranii. Eng., Fluidextract of Geranium. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). .Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, tonic. Uses. — Recommended for diarrhea, dysentery, etc. Seldom prescribed. GLANDULE SUPRARENALES SICCiE. Latin, Glandulse Suprarenales Siccse. Eng., Desiccated Supra- renal Glands. A light, yellowish-brown powder. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Unofficial Preparation. Epinephrina. Eng., Epinephrin. The blood-pressure-raising principle of the suprarenal gland. Average Dose. — 7 l /> minims (0.5 Cc.) of a 1 : 1000 solution. Therapeutic Action. — Cardiac stimulant and vasoconstrictor. Uses. — Employed in solutions for local anesthesia. Exten- sively used for asthma, turgescent rhinitis, sinusitis, otitis media, nasal or gastric hemorrhage, nausea, pulmonary edema, hemor- rhoids, etc. Administration. — The preparation under the trade name Adrenalin is extensively used in the form of the Solution of Adrenalin Chloride 1 : 1000, Adrenalin Ointment, Suppositories, Inhalant, etc. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 172 GLYCERIXUM. In a local anesthetic solution : B 1 or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j Sodii Chloridi gr. iij Adrenalin Chloridi (Sol. 1:1000) ttiv Aquae Destillatae q. s. f 5j M. Sig. — Label. In the treatment of erythema venenatum : B2 or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x Adrenalin Chloridi (Sol. 1:1000) 3ss Aquae Rosae q. s. f 3vj M. Sig. — Apply every two hours. 30 065 200 300 000 |65 15|00 180100 GLANDUUE THYROIDEJE SICCJE. Latin, Glandulae Thyroidese Siccae. Eng., Desiccated Thyroid Glands. A yellowish powder. Average Dose. — 4- grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Vasodilator ; affects metabolism. Uses. — In the treatment of myxedema, cretinism and goiter. Administration. — Probably best given in capsules. GLYCERINUM. Latin, Glycerinum (Gen., Glycerini). Eng., Glycerin. A liquid obtained by the decomposition of vegetable or animal fats or fixed oils. Form. — A clear, colorless liquid of a syrupy consistence. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Sweet taste and producing a sense of warmth upon the mouth and lips. Solubility. — Miscible with water and alcohol in all proportions. Incompatiblcs. — Oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, potassium permanganate, etc. Average Dose. — 1 fiuidrachm (4 Cc). Official Preparations. Suppositoria Glycerini. Eng., Suppositories of Glycerin. Each sup- pository contains about 3 Gm. (45 grains) of Glycerin. Glycerin is a constituent of all the glycerites and of many other official preparations. 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. - Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. GLYCERINUM. 173 Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, dehydrating agent, antiseptic, emollient. Uses. — Largely used as a vehicle, solvent and sweetening agent. Used by rectum as a laxative. By vaginal tampons it is used for subinvolution, pelvic congestion, etc. Recommended for renal calculi, chronic constipation and many other conditions. Externally it is used in many lotions and ointments for skin diseases. Administration. — Glycerin is not often prescribed alone, but is a constituent of many preparations for internal or local use. The following will illustrate : In the treatment of bronchitis : IM or Tinct. Opii Camph., Spir. Vini Gallici, Glycerini aa. f Bj 30 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. In the treatment of tuberculosis : $2 or Creosoti T^xxiv 115 Glycerini fSij 8|0 Tinct. Aurantii Dnlc q. s. fSiij 9010 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. In a purgative preparation : B3 or Tinct. Nucis Vomicae £5.ss 15 Flext. Rhamni Pursh f 5j 30 Glycerini f§ss 15 Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f §iij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. Locally. — The strong affinity of Glycerin for water makes it a valuable agent in preparations for use as tampons, suppositories, etc. It is a much-used emollient and is a constituent of many face lotions, etc. Some combinations of glycerin for local use are shown in the following: i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Ibid. 3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 174 GLYCER1TUM. GLYCERYLIS NITRAS. As a local application for chapped hands, etc. : $ or Phenolis Liq ni.vj Glycerini, Alcoholis aa. f 5j Aquse Rosse q. s. fSii j M. Sig. — Apply after bathing. 30 90 Used for cleansing the nose in infectious diseases : R 1 or Phenolis Liq rrtvj Sodii Bicarb gr. xxx Sodii Boratis gr. xl Glycerini f 3ij Aquae Dest q. s. f 3vj M. Sig. — Spray as directed. 2 2 8 180 GLYCERITUM— Glycerite. Glycerites are solutions of medicinal substances in glycerin. They are not often prescribed. The following six glycerites are official : Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. — See Acidum Tannicum. Glyceritum Amyli. — See Amylum. Glyceritum Boroglycerini. — See Acidum Boricum. Glyceritum Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. — See Ferrum. Glyceritum Hydrastis. — See Hydrastis. Glyceritum Phenolis. — See Phenol. GLYCERYLIS NITRAS. Latin, Glycerylis Nitras. Eng., Glyceryl Trinitrate — Nitro- glycerin. Average Dose. — % 00 grain (0.0006 Gm.). The drug as such is not official, but the U. S. P. contains the following: Spiritus Glycerylis Nitratis. Eng., Spirit of Glyceryl Trinitrate, Spirit of Nitroglycerin. Synonym, Spirit of Glonoin. A colorless alco- holic solution containing 1 per cent, by weight of Glyceryl Trinitrate. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. GLYCYRRHIZA. 175 Therapeutic Action. — Vasodilator, circulatory, depressant. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, asthma, etc. Administration. — This preparation is frequently used, but not often prescribed by physicians. Hypodermic tablets containing from y 50 to %oo grain can be obtained for use. In rapidity of action and duration of effect Nitroglycerin stands between Amyl Nitrite and Sodium Nitrite. GLYCYRRHIZA. Latin, Glycyrrhiza (Gen., Glycyrrhizae). Eng., Glycyrrhiza. Synonym, Liquorice. The dried rhyzome and roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra or Glycyrrhiza glandulifera. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparations. Elixir Adjuvans. Eng., Adjuvant Elixir. Fluidextract of Glycyrrhiza, 120 Cc; Aromatic Elixir, 880 Cc. Extractum Glycyrrhizae. Eng., Extract of Glycyrrhiza. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum. Eng., Pure Extract of Gl} T cyrrhiza. Average Dose. — 15 grams (1 Gm.). Fluidextractum Glycyrrhizae. Eng., Fluidextract of Glycyrrhiza. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum. Eng., Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. Eng., Compound Mixture of Glycyr- rhiza. Synonym, Brown Mixture. Pure extract of Glycyrrhiza, 30 Gm. ; Syrup, 50 Cc; Acacia, 30 Gm.; Camphorated Tincture of Opium, 120 Cc; Wine of Antimony, 60 Cc; Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 60 Cc; Water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Composita. Eng., Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. Eng., Troches of Glycyrrhiza and Opium. Glycyrrhiza is a constituent in many other official and N. F. preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, laxative. Uses. — Sometimes employed in the treatment of cough, bron- chitis, etc., and in laxative preparations. It is used to disguise the taste of quinine. 1/6 GOSSYPII CORTEX. GRANATUM. Administration. — To disguise the taste of quinine the Fluid- extract or the unofficial Syrup are employed. The Compound Mixture and the Compound Powder are usually prescribed alone. GOSSYPII CORTEX. Latin, Gossypii Cortex. Eng., Cotton-root Bark. The dried bark of the root of Gossypium herbaceum or of other cultivated species of Gossypium. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gin.). Therapeutic Action. — Emmenagogue and oxytocic. Uses. — Recommended for amenorrhea, menorrhagia, metror- rhagia, post-partum hemorrhage, etc. Seldom prescribed. GOSSYPIUM PURIFICATUM. Latin, Gossypium Purificatum. Eng., Purified Cotton. Synonym, Absorbent Cotton. The hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum or other cultivated species of Gossypium, freed from adhering im- purities and deprived of fatty matter. GRANATUM. Latin, Granatum. Eng., Pomegranate. The bark of the stem and root of Punica granatum. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation and Constituent. Fluidextractum Granati. Eng., Fluidextract of Pomegranate. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). Pelletierinae Tannas. Eng., Pelletierine Tannate. A mixture of the tannates of four alkaloids obtained from Pomegranate. A light-yellow, odorless powder having an astringent taste. Soluble in 235 parts of water or 126 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Teniafuge and anthelmintic. Uses. — To remove tapeworms. Administration. — Usually given in the form of Pelletierine Tannate, which is preferably given in capsules. The success of the treatment seems to largely depend on having the intestinal tract fairly empty before administering the drug, and on follow- ing it in from one to two hours with a sufficiently active saline purgative. The treatment is apt to produce temporary dizziness and nausea. GRINDELIA. GUAIACOL. 177 GRINDELIA. Latin, Grindelia. Eng., Grindelia. The dried leaves and flower- ing tops of Grindelia robusta or of Grindelia squarrosa. 'Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Grindeliae. Eng., Fluidextract of Grindelia. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, antispasmodic. Uses. — Recommended for bronchitis, asthma, cystitis, and as a local application for poisoning by ivy. Seldom prescribed. GUAIACOL. Latin, Guaiacol (Gen., Guaiacolis). Eng., Guaiacol. One of the chief constituents of Creosote. Form. — As usually seen, a colorless liquid. Solubility. — In 53 parts of water. Readily soluble in alcohol, glycerin and oils. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Official Preparation. Guaiacolis Carbonas. Eng., Guaiacol Carbonate. Synonym, Duotal. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water, soluble in 48 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, expectorant, antipyretic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of phthisis, bronchitis, etc. Locally for tonsillitis, orchitis and adenitis. The carbonate is extensively used as an antirheumatic, particularly in certain forms of arthritis. Administration. — Guaiacol may be administered by mouth by incorporating with some bland agent, as emulsion of codliver oil or emulsion of petroleum. The local application and the ad- ministration of the carbonate are shown in the following pre- scriptions : 12 178 GUAIACUM. In a local application, as in the treatment of orchitis, lymphangitis, arthritis, etc. : ft - or Guaiacolis ttj. xl 2 5 Olei Olivae q. s. fSj 30 . M. Sig. — Apply a teaspoonful once daily. In the treatment of acute bronchitis : ft 1 or Guaiacolis 3ss 21 Olei Gaultherise f2>j 4 Adipis Lanae Hydr q. s. 3j 301 M. Sig. — Apply to chest as directed. Guaiacol Carbonate may be administered in powders or capsules. While in this .way it may be mixed with other agents, it is the custom to order it alone. In the treatment of "rheumatism'' : n or Guaiacolis Carb gr. cc 131 Ft. cht. no. xx. Sig. — One every four hours. Or: n or Guaiacolis Carb gr. clx 10 Syr. Tolutani q. s. f Si j 60 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every three hours. Or: ft or Guaiacolis Carb gr. cc 131 Ft. cap. no. xl. Sig. — Two (2) every four hours. GUAIACUM. Latin, Guaiacum (Gen., Guaiaci). Eng., Guaiac. The resin of the wood of Guaiacum officinale or of Guaiacum sanctum. Average Dose, — 15 grains (1 Gm.). ] Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. GUARAXA. HJEMATOXYLON. HAMAMELIS. 179 Official Preparations. Tinctura Guaiaci. Eng\, Tincture of Guaiac. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug in alcohol. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata. Eng., Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiac. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug in Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an alterative, diaphoretic, laxative, etc. Uses. — Recommended for tonsillitis, rheumatism and related conditions. A valuable reagent in testing for blood. Administration. — Seldom prescribed. The taste is usually considered very disagreeable. GUARANA. Latin, Guarana. Eng., Guarana. A dried paste consisting chiefly of the crushed seeds of Paullinia cupana. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Guaranae. Eng., Fluidextract of Guarana. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, diuretic, astringent. Uses. — Recommended for headache, diarrhea, etc. Seldom used. HEMATOXYLON. Latin, H?ematoxylon. Eng., Hematoxylon. Synonym. Logwood. The heart-wood of Hcematoxylon campechiaiium. Official Preparation. Extractum Haematoxyli. Eng., Extract of Hematoxylon. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Has been recommended for diarrhea, hemorrhoids, etc. Seldom prescribed. HAMAMELIS. Latin, Hamamelis. Eng., Hamamelis. Synonym, Witchhazel. The following are the official parts and preparations : 180 HEDEOMA. HEXAMETHYLENAMINA. HAMAMELIDIS CORTEX. Eng., Hamamelis Bark. The bark and twigs of Hamamelis virginiana. Unofficial Preparation. Aqua Hamamelidis. Eng., Hamamelis Water. Synonyms, Extract of Witchhazel, Distilled Extract of Witchhazel. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). HAMAMELIDIS FOLIA. Eng., Hamamelis Leaves. Synonym, Witchhazel Leaves. The dried leaves of Hamamelis virginiana. Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Hamamelidis Foliorum. Eng., Fluidextract of Hama- melis Leaves. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of diarrhea and hemorrhoids. A popular household remedy for wounds, infec- tions, insect-bites, etc. Seldom prescribed. HEDEOMA. Latin, Hedeoma. Eng., Hedeoma. Synonym, Pennyroyal. The dried leaves and flowering tops of Hcedeoma pulegioides. Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). Official Constituent. Oleum Hedeomae. Eng., Oil of Hedeoma. A volatile oil. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, carminative, emmenagogue. Uses. — Sometimes used for amenorrhea, flatulence, and as a corrective or flavor for other agents. Frequently employed to prevent mosquito-bites. It is a constituent of many of the advertised preparations used as oxytocics. Administration. — The oil is the preparation used. It is pre- scribed with other agents and usually in an alcoholic vehicle or in pills. To prevent insect-bites it is probably best prescribed about 5 per cent, strength in Spirit of Camphor. HEXAMETHYLENAMINA. Latin, Hexamethylenamina (Gen., Hexamethylenaminae). Eng., Hexamethylenamine (Urotropin) . Form. — Small, colorless crystals. HUMULUS. 181 Odor and Taste. — Odorless, almost tasteless. Solubility. — In 1.5 parts of water and in 10 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — All acids. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, urinary antiseptic. Uses, — Employed in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, pyelitis, phosphaturia, typhoid fever, bronchitis, etc. Recom- mended for argyria, renal and biliary calculi, arthritis, gout, etc. Administration. — Usually prescribed alone, either in aqueous solution or in the form of tablets to be dissolved in water. While other sizes of tablets may be obtained the 7^-grain are the most popular. It is best to have each dose administered in a glass of water. In solution : $ or Hexamethylenaminse 3iv 15 1 Aquae q. s. £Siv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of water three times a day. In tablets : Tab. Hexamethylenaminre (7 l /> gr.) no. xx. Sig. — One in water three times a day. Patient should be told to break up the tablet, else its solution is sometimes very slow. HOMATROPIN^ HYDROBROMIDUM. See Belladonna, p. 80. HUMULUS. Latin, Humulus. Eng., Hops. The dried strobiles of Humulus hipulus. , Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Constituent and Preparations. Lupulinum. Eng., Lupulin. The glandular trichomes. Average Dose.— 7% grains (0.500 Gm.). Fluidextractum Lupulini. Eng., Fluidextract of Lupulin. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Oleoresina Lupulini. Eng., Oleoresin of Lupulin. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 182 HYDRARGYRUM. Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, sedative, anti- spasmodic. Uses. — Recommended in the treatment of hysteria, flatulent colic, atonic dyspepsia, alcoholic psychosis, etc. In the form of malt beverages, used to promote appetite and digestion and as a galactagogue for nursing mothers, etc. Seldom prescribed. HYDRARGYRUM. Latin, Hydrargyrum. Eng., Mercury. Synonym, Quicksilver. Incompatibles of Mercurial Salts and Preparations. The incompatibles of mercurials are so general and the indica- tions for combinations so limited that it is usually better to learn what may than what may not be used with them. Most of the desirable combinations are indicated in the following pages. It may be stated in a general way that the following are incom- patible with mercurial salts. Acids (except as on p. 190), borates, cyanides, hypophosphites, iodine, iodides, phosphates, sulphides, sul- phates, tannic acid, etc. Preparations of Metallic Mercury. EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. Eng., Mercurial Plaster. Con- tains about 30 per cent, of Mercury. HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. Eng., Mercury with Chalk. Synonym, Gray Powder. Contains 38 per cent, of Mercury. Form. — A gray powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, slightly sweetish taste. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gin.). MASSA HYDRARGYRI. Eng., Mass of Mercury. Synonym, Blue Mass. Contains 33 per cent, of Mercury. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI. Eng., Mercurial Ointment. Con- tains 50 per cent, of mercury. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum. Eng., Blue Ointment. Contains about 33.5 per cent, of Mercury. Salts of Mercury and their Preparations. HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM. Eng., Ammoniated Mercury. Synonym, White Precipitate. Contains about 80 per cent, of Mercury. Form. — White pieces or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a metallic taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. HYDRARGYRUM. 183 Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati. Eng., Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury. Contains 10 per cent, of Ammoniated Mercury. HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. Eng., Corrosive Mercuric Chloride. Synonyms, Corrosive Sublimate, Bichloride of Mer- cury, etc Form. — Heavy, colorless crystals or crystalline masses. Odor and Taste. — Odorless ; an acrid, metallic taste. Solubility. — In 13 parts of water or 3 parts of alcohol. More readily soluble in the presence of ammonium chloride. Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.003 Gm.). HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Eng., Mild Mercurous Chlo- ride. Synonym, Calomel. Form. — White or yellowish-white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — Laxative — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Alterative — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM FLAVUM. Eng., Yellow Mercurous Iodide. Synonyms : Protiodide of Mercury, Green Iodide of Mercury. Form. — A yellow powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Eng., Red Mercuric Iodide. Synonym, Biniodide of Mercury. Form. — Red powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Soluble in 116 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.003 Gm.). Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi. — See Arsenum, p. 70. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM FLAVUM. Eng., Yellow Mercuric Oxide. Form. — A yellowish powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, metallic taste. Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. Eng., Ointment of Yellow Mer- curic Oxide. Contains 10 per cent, of Yellow Mercuric Oxide. Oleatum Hydrargyri. Eng., Oleate of Mercury. Represents 10 per cent, of Yellow Mercuric Oxide. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Eng., Red Mercuric Oxide. Synonym, Red Precipitate. Form. — Heavy, red crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, metallic taste. Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri. Eng., Ointment of Red Mer- curic Oxide. Contains 10 per cent, of Red Mercuric Oxide. 184 HYDRARGYRUM. LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. Eng., Solution of Mercuric Nitrate. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. Eng., Ointment of Mercuric Nitrate. Synonym, Citrine Ointment. Therapeutic Action. — The salts and preparations of mercury are generally alterative, antisyphilitic and germicide. Mass of Mercury, Mercury with Chalk, and the Mild Chloride are par- ticularly purgative. The Ointment of the Nitrate, the Red Iodide and some others are active irritants. Uses. — The employment of the salts and preparations of mer- cury covers almost the entire realm of medicinal treatment. They are particularly used for syphilis in all of its forms and stages ; as purgatives in the early stages of acute diseases, such as intestinal indigestion, typhoid fever, pneumonia, etc. ; for para- sitic diseases, ulcers, impetigo, etc. Extensively employed as wet or dry antiseptic dressings, etc. Toxicology. — Mercury poisoning may be acute or chronic. A common form of acute poisoning is that occasioned by tak- ing an excess of some poisonous mercuric salt, usually the cor- rosive mercuric chloride tablets. This is frequently done with suicidal intent or by error, as mistaking them for headache tab- lets. The patient has intense pain, particularly in the epigastric region, and usually purging, tenesmus and bloody stools. Nausea and vomiting may or may not occur. The treatment is to wash out the stomach, preferably with water containing milk or the white of eggs, and, when this has been done, to leave a large excess of the albuminous matter in the stomach. Mor- phine may be used for the abdominal symptoms, and the patient otherwise treated symptomatically. A subacute mercurialism may develop from one or a few doses of a mercurial given as a purgative or in an effort to rapidly produce results, as in the treatment of syphilis. It should be emphasized that "salivation" from a simple calomel purge is now extremely rare. Like human hydrophobia, it is often heard of, but seldom observed. Its rarity may, in part, be due to the quality of the drug as now marketed. The usual toxic symptoms are fetid breath, disagreeable taste, swollen gums and a profuse flow of saliva. There may be lesions on the gums or elsewhere and the teeth become loose or even fall out. There may be abdominal pain, purging and bloody stools. The treatment is to discontinue the mercury, give opiates and demulcents if necessary for the intestinal symptoms, and HYDRARGYRUM. 185 use mouth-washes for the local lesions. Probably the best mouth- wash is one containing potassium chlorate, tincture of myrrh and tincture of belladonna leaves. Belladonna internally is fre- quently used to advantage. Potassium iodide used with proper care has been recommended. A purely chronic mercurialism may develop from the con- tinued use of the drug or in those whose work exposes them to it. The symptoms resemble those just described, but it is more apt to be characterized by necrosis of bone and cachexia. Administration. — Some of the common uses and methods of employment are indicated in the following: By Mouth. — As a purgative the Mild Mercurous Chloride, Mer- cury with Chalk and sometimes Mass of Mercury are the prepara- tions used. For children, the first two are employed, usually com- bined with sugar of milk and administered in powders. For adults, the Mild Mercurous Chloride is the preparation of choice, though the others are used. It may be administered with sugar or sugar of milk, in powder or capsules. A more common method is a combina- tion with some other purgatives put into capsules. Among the other agents used are such as Podophyllin, Compound Extract of Colo- cynth, Rhubarb, Inspissated Oxgall, etc. Strychnine and sometimes Atropine are also used. Extract of Hyocyamus and Powder of Ipecac and Opium are very often associated in these mixtures to prevent griping. Some combinations are shown in the following : As an initial purge in the treatment of grip, etc. ; also in alco- holism : Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. Strychninae Sulph gr. %o Atropine Sulph gr. M. ft. cap. no. iv. Sig. — One every hour. or V 3200 vj 4000 %0 0030 M.00 0006 As a purgative : Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis, Fel. Boris Inspis., Rhei Pulv Ext. Hyoscyami M. ft. cap. no. iij. Sig'. — One every hour. aa. gr. v ... gr. j or 320 065 186 HYDRARGYRUM. As a laxative in tuberculosis Mas. Hydrargyri, Aloes Pulv., Ipecacuanhas Pulv., Capsici Pulv M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sis:. — One at night. or aa. gr. xij As a purgative (for child 2 years old) : B or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. j Sacchari Lactis gr. xxx M. ft. cht. no. v. Sisr. — One everv half -hour. |065 21000 AYhen nausea and vomiting is a factor this is often put into ten powders and one given everv fifteen minutes. In the treatment of acid intoxication of infancy : n or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. iij Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. ccc M. ft. cht. no. xxx. Sig. — One every three hours. 2010 1 In the treatment of congenital syphilis: B or Hydrarg. cum Cretse gr. iij |2 Sacchari Lactis 3j 410 M. ft. cht. no. xxx. Sig. — One three times a day. The mild mercurous chloride is often prescribed in the same dose. In the treatment of syphilis : R2 or Massae Hydrargyri gr. xl 2|5 Ferri Sulph. Exsic gr. xx 1|3 Extracti Opii gr. v 13 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. - White and Martin: Genito-urinarv and Venereal Diseases. HYDRARGYRUM. 187 In the treatment of syphilis : Bi or Massae Hydrargyri gr. xx 1 30 Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. x 65 Hydrarg. cum Cretae gr. xl 2 50 Extracti Opii gr. v 32 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. As an alterative, antisyphilitic, etc., the preparations most com- monly used are the Yellow Mercuric Iodide, the Red Mercuric Iodide, the Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, and the Mild Mercurous Chloride. The Red Mercuric Iodide and the Corrosive Mercuric Chloride are more frequently prescribed in solution with potassium iodide when the soluble Potassio-mercuric Iodide is formed. The Yellow Mercurous Iodide is usually prescribed in the ready prepared gelatin-coated pills, which may be obtained in almost any size. The %, %, and % grain are the most popular. An advantage is the facility for increasing or decreasing the dose. In the treatment of syphilis : n or Pil. Hydrarg. Iod. Flav. C/i gr.) no. c. Sig. — One before each meal. In the treatment of syphilis : $ or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij j 13 Potassii Iodidi Sj 30|00 Aquae Dest q. s. f3j 30|00 M. ft. sol. Sig. — Ten drops with glass of milk three times a day. The patient is usually instructed to take this one hour before or two hours after meals. It is best given in a small amount of water, and the glass of milk taken after. In the treatment of syphilis in the tertiary stage : W 2 or Hydrarg. Iod. Rub gr. iv 126 Potassii Iodidi S.j 30J00 Aquae Dest q. s. fSvj 180|00 M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water after meals. 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 188 HYDRARGYRUM. 065 000 000 000 In the treatment of syphilis in infants : Ri or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j Potassii Iodidi 3ij 8 Syr. Zingiberis f 5j 30 Aquae q. s. £§ij 60 M. Sig. — Five (5) drops in milk three times a day. In the treatment of syphilis : n 2 or Hydrarg. Iodidi Rub gr. iv |26 Potassii Iodidi 3iv 4|00 Syr. Sarsaparil. Co q. s. fSvj 180100 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water four times daily. In the treatment of anemia : B or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij Liq. Acidi Arsenosi foij 8 Tinct. Ferri Chlor., Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., Glycerini aa. f Sj 30 Aquse Dest q. s. f 5v j 180 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 13 00 00 00 This is known under the popular name of Elixir Four Chlorides. As a postoperative tonic : R 3 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., Arseni Trioxidi aa. gr. j 065 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. xxv 1 600 Ferri et Quin. Cit gr. cc 13 000 M. ft. cap. no. c. Sig. — One after each meal. Intravenously and Hypo dermatic ally. — The corrosive mercuric chloride or the red mercuric iodide are used in solution or salts as the mild chloride or the salicylate are used in suspension. The following illustrate some formulae used : i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 3 Ash ton: Practice of Gynecology. HYDRARGYRUM. 189 For intravenous use in the treatment of syphilis : I*i or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j Sodii Chloridi gr. iij Aquae Destillatae q. s. f 5ij M. Sig. — Label. (From 20 to 60 minims well diluted are given daily.) 60 065 200 000 For hypodermic use in the treatment of syphilis : B2 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ivss Sodii Chloridi gr. iiiss Aquae Destillatae q. s. f§j M. Sig. — One per cent, solution corrosive mercuric chloride. (10 to 30 minims are used at each injection.) 30 30 23 00 By Inunction. — Mercurial Ointment is the preparation of choice. It is usually considered too strong to be used undiluted, but the of- ficial diluted ointment being made with Petrolatum is not as desir- able as the stronger preparation diluted with some agent, as Hydrous "Wool-fat. The ointment may be ordered in bulk or put into papers. Paraffine paper is used. Written instructions should be given the patient as to method of use. The most common is to instruct patients to take a hot bath each night, then apply the given amount of the ointment and massage until absorption is effected. The right axillary region (below the hair) may be used one night, the next night the left, then the inner side of the right thigh, then the left, then the axillary region, etc., in the same order. This will rarely cause local symptoms of an un- pleasant character. Some desirable methods of prescribing are shown in the follow- ing B or Ung. Hydrargyri. Adipis Lanae Hyd aa. f Ej M. ft. cht. cer. no. xvj. Sig. — Use one each night as directed. 30 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 2 Ibkl. 190 HYDRARGYRUM. When economy is a factor this may be ordered, as : B or Ung. Hydrargyri, Adipis Lanae Hyd aa. f 3j M. Sig. — Use teaspoon ful each night. 30 Inhalation and Fumigation. — In general practice mercury is sel- dom prescribed in this way. The Mild Mercnrous Chloride is the salt usually employed. Separate instructions are given the patient as to bath, use of cabinet or blanket, supply of aqueous vapor, etc. Locally, in Solutions. — The Corrosive Mercuric Chloride is most commonly used. As an antiseptic or germicide it is now considered very desirable to prescribe it in acid solution to retard the forma- tion of the insoluble albuminate. Tartaric Acid is most frequently employed. Tablets are on the market containing enough of the Corrosive Chloride (about 7^2 grains) to make a 1 : 1000 solution when 1 tablet is added to a pint of water. They also contain Am- monium Chloride or Tartaric Acid, etc. They are convenient for the practitioner, but they are rather dangerous to be prescribed under ordinary circumstances. Some desirable formulae are shown in the following: As a wet dressing: R or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros. gr. iv Acidi Tartarici gr. xx Aquae Destillatae q. s. f^iv M. Sig. — "Poison." Use 1 part to 10 parts of water to wet dressing. 1 120 26 30 00 In the treatment of tinea versicolor : Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr, iv Ammonii Chloridi 3ss Alcoholis fovj Aquae Rosae q. s. f Svj M. Sig. — '"Poison." Apply frequently. i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. or 126 200 22 00 180 00 HYDRARGYRUM. 191 As a mouth-wash in the treatment of the mucous patches of syphilis : Bi or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j |065 Mellis Rosae I&j 60|000 Aquae Destillatse q. s. fSvj 180|000 M. Sig. — Use as a mouth-wash. In the treatment of gonorrhea : R2 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss Phenolis gr. xij Zinci Phenolsulph gr. xxx Glyc. Boroglycerini f3j Aquae Destillatse q. s. f§vj M. Sig.— "Not to be taken." Use as directed. Patient should be instructed to inject after urination. In the treatment of diphtheria : IJ3 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss |03 Tinct. Ferri Chlor f5ij 8|00 Glycerini f'Sss 15 [00 Aquae Dest q. s. fBiij 90|00 M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water every two hours. 2 30 180 03 80 00 00 00 In Dusting Pozvdcrs. — The Mild Mercurous Chloride is the salt most commonly used. It is prescribed alone or with other agents. The following will illustrate : In the treatment of impetigo, "fever blisters," etc.: n or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis 3j 4| Bismuthi Subnitratis 3vij 26 M. Sig. — Apply three times a day. In Ointments. — The Mild Chloride, Yellow Oxide and Am- moniated Mercury are more frequently employed. When some ir- ritant or decidedly stimulating action is desired (as in the indolent 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 2 Ibid. 3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 192 HYDRARGYRUM. syphilitic lesions) the Ointment of Mercuric Xitrate, properly diluted, is used. In ordering the Yellow Oxide in ointments it is particularly de- sirable to see that the salt is in a state of minute subdivision and thoroughly incorporated with the vehicle, else an irritant effect may be produced. Some strengths and combinations are shown in the following : In the treatment of eczema of the scalp of infancy : Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis 3ss Petrolati q. s. f 5j M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. or 2| 301 In the treatment of smallpox : $1 or Phenolis gr. x Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. xv Amyli, Zinci Oxidi aa. 3ij Petrolati q. s. 3 j M. Sig. — Apply as directed. 30 65 00 00 00 B2 or Hydrarg. Ammoniati gr. x |65 Amyli, Zinci Oxidi aa. 3ij 8|00 Petrolati q. s. Sj 30|00 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of the skin lesions of syphilis : R3 or Hydrarg. Ammoniati gr. xx Ung. Aquae Ros?e q. s. 3 j M. Sig. — Apply as directed. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Ihiil. ■'- White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 1|3 30;0 HYDRASTIS. 193 Used in the treatment of the cutaneous lesions of hereditary syphilis : Bi or Hydrarg. Ammoniati gr. xv 1 Ung. Zinci Oxidi Sj 30 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of indolent ulcers : B or Ung. Hydrarg. Nitr. ., 3ij 8 Petrolati Svj 22 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of inflamed lids, etc. : B or Hydrarg. Oxidi Flavi gr. j 065 Petrolati q. s. Sj 4 000 M. tere bene. Sig. — Apply twice daily. HYDRASTIS. Latin, Hydrastis (Gen., Hydrastis). Eng., Hydrastis. Syno- nyms, Golden Seal, Yellow Root. The rhizome and roots of Hydrastis canadensis. Principal Constituents. — Hydrastine (2.5 per cent.), Berberine, etc. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gin.). Official Preparations, Alkaloids and Salt. Fluidextractum Hydrastis. Eng., Fluidextract of Hydrastis. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Glyceritum Hydrastis. Eng., Glycerite of Hydrastis. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Tinctura Hydrastis. Eng., Tincture of Hydrastis. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Hydrastina. Eng., Hydrastine. An alkaloid obtained from Hydrastis. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Hydrastininae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Hydrastinine Hydrochloride. The hydrochloride of an artificial alkaloid derived from Hydrastine. Form. — Yellowish needles or powder. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 13 194 HYDRASTIS. Odor and Taste. — Odorless: bitter taste. Solubility. — Soluble in water and alcohol. Average Dose. — y 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Unofficial Preparation. Hydrastinum. Eng., Hydrastin. An impure mixture of alkaloids, resin, etc. Average Dose. — 5 grains (0.3 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, antiseptic, antiperiodic, bitter tonic. Said to be haemostatic in uterine hemorrhage. Uses. — Principally employed in genito-urinary conditions, as gonorrhea, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia ; also for chronic gas- tritis,, intestinal indigestion, diarrhea, etc. Administration. — Care should be exercised to distinguish be- tween the impure Hydrastin and the alkaloid Hydrastine or Hydras- tinine Hydrochloride. Mistakes have occurred both on the part of the prescriber and the compounder. The Fluidextract. Hydrastinine Hydrochloride and Hydrastin are the preparations most fre- quently employed. The alkaloids are not usually recommended for gastric disturbances or in local applications. All of these preparations will stain the skin or clothing. Some combinations are as follows : In the treatment of menorrhagia. metrorrhagia, etc. : Ri or Strychninae Sulph gr. ?; 003 Hydrastininae Hydrochl gr. x 650 Extracti Ergotae gr. xl 2 500 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sis:. — One two hours after meals. Or: R or Flext. Hydrastis, Flext. Ergotae aa. f 5j 30 Tinct. Xucis Vomicae fair 15 Tinct. Aurantii Dulc q. s. foiv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. Xote that the fluidextract is dispensed in an alcoholic vehicle to prevent precipitation. This preparation is of distinctly disagreeable taste, and capsules are usually considered preferable. 1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. HYOSCYAMUS. 195 As an injection in the treatment of gonorrhea : $ or Hydrastinae Sulph., Morphinse Sulph., Quininse Bisulph aa. gr. viij 5 Muc. Acacias q. s. f Sviij 240 M. Sig.— "Not to be taken." Use as directed. HYOSCYAMUS. Latin, Hyoscyamus (Gen., Hyoscyami). Eng., Hyoscyamus. Synonym, Henbane. The dried leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscyamus niger. Principal Constituents. — Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine, etc. Contains not less than 0.08 per cent, of Mydriatic Alkaloids. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Preparations and Alkaloidal Salts. Extractum Hyoscyami. Eng., Extract of Hyoscyamus. A soft solid about four times the strength of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Fluidextractum Hyoscyami. Eng., Fluidextract of Hyoscyamus. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Tinctura Hyoscyami. Eng., Tincture of Hyoscyamus. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug in diluted alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Hyoscinae Hydrobromidum. Eng., Hyoscine Hydrobromide. The hy- drobromide of an alkaloid obtained from Hyoscyamus and other related plants. Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — i'i2S grain (0.0005 Gm.). Hyoscyaminae Hydrobromidum. Eng., Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide. The hydrobromide of an alkaloid obtained from Hyoscyamus and other related plants. Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — ~Yi2S grain (0.0005 Gm.). Hyoscyaminae Sulphas. Eng., Hyoscyamine Sulphate. The sulphate of an alkaloid obtained from Hyoscyamus and other related plants. Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — %2g grain (0.0005 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, antispasmodic, anodyne. Hyoscine particularly is deliriant and mydriatic. 196 HYOSCYAMUS. Uses. — Principally employed as antispasmodic for whooping- cough, asthma, croup, etc. Used in combination with other agents for hysteria, alcoholic psychosis and related conditions. A common constituent in purgative preparations to prevent grip- ing. Hyoscine is employed in the treatment of alcoholism. Administration. — Extract of Hyoscyamus is more frequently used in the form of the powdered extract. The tincture is the preparation used in fluid combinations. The alkaloidal salts, particularly Hyoscine Hydrobromide, are sometimes used by physicians, but are seldom prescribed, and fre- quently disappointing. In the treatment of palpitation in hysterical subjects: R 1 or Strychninse Sulph gr. Zinci Valeratis gr. Ext. Sumbul gr. Ext. Hyoscyami gr. M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One after each meal. X X V 02 65 65 32 In a purgative mixture, to prevent griping: B Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis, Rhei Pulv., Fel. Boris Insp aa. gr. y Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j M. ft. cap. no. iij. Sig. — One every hour. or 320 065 In the treatment of colds, etc. : R or Pulv. Acetan. Co gr. xxx 2|0 Ammonii Carb., gr. xx 113 Tinct. Hyoscyami f3j 4(0 Mellis Depur fSiss 45 Spir. Yini Gallici q. s. fBiij 90 M. Sig.— '"Shake." Tablespoon ful in water every four hours. This does not make an elegant-looking mixture, but seems to be clinically of value. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. ICHTHYOL. 197 As a sedative in the treatment of violent cough : B Heroinae Hydrochlor gr. j Ammonii Chlor 3j Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3iij Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f 5ij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. or 4 12 60 065 000 000 000 In the treatment of cough : Ri or Codeinae Sulph gr. iij Tinct. Hyoscyami f3iij 12 Syr. Tolutani f 3ss 15 Aquae q. s. f 3ii j 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. In the treatment of cystitis, whooping-cough, etc. : R2 or Tinct. Hyoscyami f3ss 2 Potassii Citratis 3j 4 Aquae q. s. f 5iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. In a sedative mixture: $ or Chlorali Hydrati 3j 4 Sodii Bromidi 3ij 8 Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3ij 8 Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f§j 30 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours till relieved. ICHTHYOL. {Not Official.) Latin, Ichthyol (Gen., Ichthyolis). Eng.. Ichthyol (Ammonium Ichthyolsulphonate) . Form. — A thick, brown liquid. Odor. — Bituminous. Solubility. — Readily soluble in water or glycerin. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. ^Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 198 ICHTHYOL. hicompatibles. — Acids, alkali hydroxides or carbonates, alkaloids, potassium iodide, mercury bichloride, resorcin. Therapeutic Action. — Said to be antiphlogistic, anodyne, al- terative, antigonorrheal, antiseptic. Uses. — Recommended for phthisis, rheumatism, scrofula, ne- phritis, gonorrhea, inflammations and various skin diseases. Administration. — While ichthyol is recommended for internal administration, by far the most common employment is local. It is used in ointments or in solution in water or glycerin. It mixes readily with the usual ointment bases. To disguise the odor in ointments, use 1 drop each of the Oil of Bergamot and Oil of Eucalyptus to each drachm of Ichthyol. One drop of Oil of Citronella to the drachm of Ichthyol is frequently employed. Some also add 1 drop of Oil of Rose in addition to the Oil of Citronella. In prescribing less than two fluidrachms of Ichthyol, it is advis- able to prescribe by weight, as small quantities are not conveniently measured. Some combinations are shown in the following: As an application on vaginal tampons : R or Ichthyolis f 3iv Glycerini q. s. £Siv M. Sisr. — For office use. 15| 120! In the treatment of furuncle : R 1 or Ichthyolis Sj Empl. Plumbi 3ij Empl. Resinse 3j M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of mastitis, orchitis, lymphadenitis, etc. : R or Camphorse 3ss 2| Ichthyolis, Ung. Belladon aa. 3i j 8| Petrolati q. s. Sj 30) M. Sig. — Apply freely twice a day. iStelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. INFUSUM. IODOFORMUM. IODOLUM. 199 INFUSUM— Infusion. Infusions are -liquid preparations made by treating vegetable substances with either hot or cold water. The drug is not subjected to boiling, as in making decoctions. When the strength and method of preparation is not otherwise specified, they are made by treating 5 parts of the coarsely comminuted drug with boiling water to make 100 parts. The following three are official : Infusum Digitalis. — See Digitalis. Infusum, Pruni Virginianse. — See Primus Virginiana. Infusum Sennae Compositum. — See Senna. IODOFORMUM. Latin, Iodoformum. Eng., Iodoform. Formula, CHI 3 . Form. — A lemon-yellow powder or crystals. Odor and Taste. — A peculiar, very penetrating and persistent odor, and an unpleasant, slightly sweetish and iodine-like taste. SolubUity. — In 9391 parts of water or 46.7 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Preparation. Unguentum Iodoformi. Eng., Iodoform Ointment. Contains 10 per cent, of the drug. Therapeutic Action. — Probably a mild antiseptic and local analgesic. Uses. — Principally as a dressing for wounds and various local lesions, particularly if of a syphilitic or tuberculous character. Administration. — The odor renders the drug particularly ob- jectionable. As a dressing it is usually applied dry or by means of the five or ten per cent, iodoform gauze. Sometimes used in the form of ointments, or suspensions. IODOLUM. Latin, Iodolum. Eng., Iodol. A light grayish-brown powder, without odor or taste. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Mild antiseptic. Uses. — Externally. — Recommended as a dressing for wounds, ulcers, etc. Internally. — Recommended for diabetes, syphilis and scrofula. Seldom used. 200 IODUM. IODUM. Latin, Iodum (Gen.. Iodi). Eng.. Iodine. Form. — Heavy, bluish-black plates. Odor and Taste. — A distinctive, penetrating odor; a sharp, acrid taste. Solubility. — In about 5000 pans of water ; in 10 parts of alcohol. More soluble in the presence of Potassium Iodide. Incompatible*. — Alkaloids, ammonia, mineral acids, tannic acid, oil of turpentine, starch, vegetable colors, etc. Average Dose. — 1 10 grain (0.005 Gm.i. Official Preparations. Liquor Iodi Compositus. Eng., Compound Solution of Iodine. Synonym, Lugol's Solution. Iodine, 5 Gm.; Potassium Iodide, 10 Gm. ; Water, to make 100 Cc. Average Dose. — 3 minims (02 Cc). Tinctura Iodi. Eng., Tincture of Iodine. Iodine, 70 Gm. ; Potassium Iodide, 50 Gm. ; Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc. . Unguentum Iodi. Eng., Iodine Ointment. Iodine. 4 Gm.; Potassium Iodide. 4 Gm.: Glycerin. 12 Gm.; Benzoinated Lard, SO Gm. Therapeutic Action. — Germicide, irritant, alterative, resolvent. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of goiter, typhoid fever, diarrhea, vomiting, etc. Locally, it is used for disinfect- ing the skin for surgical work and for disinfecting fresh wounds, abscesses, etc : also used as an application for toothache, ton- sillitis, ulcers, adenitis, erysipelas, and superficial infections gen- erally. L'sed as a counterirritant in pleurisy and many other Sometimes used by inhalation for bronchitis, etc. Toxicology. — Chronic iodine poisoning is discussed under "Iodides." Acute iodine poisoning is usually evidenced by the characteristic discoloration of the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat. The treatment consists in administering starch or. if that is inaccessible, a dilute solution of ammonia. Demulcent drinks should be given freely. If the quantity of the drug taken is large, emesis should be induced. Administration. — The Tincture is the preparation most com- monly used. It is usually prescribed alone. The present offi- cial tincture, which contains Potassium Iodide, is freely miscible with either water or alcohol. Some frequently used prescriptions are shown in the following : IODUM. 201 As a local application in the treatment of tonsillitis, inflamed glands, abscess, furuncle, insect-bite, inflamed joints,, etc. : R or Tinctune Iodi fSj Sig. — '"Poison/" Apply once daily as directed. Or: R or Tinctune Iodi. Tincturae Aconiti aa f3ss 15 Sig. — "Poison.*" Apply twice a day as directed. It may usually be applied to the skin several days before too much local irritation develops. This is also extensively used in the treatment of toothache. As a local application for tonsillitis, etc. ; also for clavus : R or Phenolis Liq ttixxy 1 5 Tinct. Iodi f5iv 15 Glycerini q. s. f 5j 30 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. As an application to mucous membrane : R l or Iodi gr. j 065 Potassii Iodidi gr. xx 1 300 Glycerini q. .s. f 3j 3( '300 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. Iodine is sometimes used internally in the treatment of goiter : R or Iodi gr. ij 13 Potas. Iodidi gr. viij 50 Alcoholis f3j 4 00 Glycerini foiv 15 00 Aquae q. s. f 5ij 60)00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. :■:: ::".:: As a vaginal douche in vaginitis, endometritis, ovaritis, salpin- r_: r e:: R :r 7m:- I: :. :*!:. :7 5:; — 77 t -.-. ■ - - - _:f i; : t ".;.:;"t: .:: ::ii:r..:: ^_: ::t H-7 ." :~~::t ii7j AMMONH IODIDUM. £ 7 : ■ — 5 ;v. i .. : : . ■ : . : : : 7 : r — " : : 7e5i 7: > \ — I- ::::-:::. .-:::. 7 r :: . : :i 71 POTASSH IODIDUM. E -- — _::_Tf5 :r~ ~: . i :: .7: - : ; Z i:~: —7, 7. i: : : A—— - - : — I:77i 7:::.. 7i N"Hj7. :r zriz it: :. r; i \ ..r.t : i f : t : : : ::~i : : : . : : ".: 7_ Gm.). - : : ■ ■ . _ - . ' -v :::e rrin7i: ; : — it: :-...•:-: :::: i : ■:.".::" ;.i_:nt. "::::"■:: 7 7 ; • —7 " ;r: : : - i:tr : : 7: : . : II zim : : 7: 7:7. .-:.-■:..-.- 7:;.— ~ : _ _r:.-f '_ 70! I-— . Vr.r_e -.-._ — 7 : : i s s.. Zziii: 7 _ ! ; - 7 - - :— I : 7 ie. T : : : : f 1] : ±r : -.- . : :: z'-t :r _ ?::i5f:u~ I: 7; it :f :::::;iri :n I : : . r. t ! .::".::: S O D 1 1 I O D I D V M . Z r. _ ; 7 7 1 . : " ' . " — : ' . •• '. r r r : : : i 7. : Z"~j :::: :ir:: f "7" : — In !• : : ::~ :: -Z±: : : :i~i ::' il:7n7.. 1 v: ?ivmb: ic 577?H7 7 THVMOT T' ZINCI IOD . - : _ — . .. " ACIDUM HYDRIODK 7 : .: r i : f : . : : t • : . : HI i ■!::■: — : 7 7 7*7 M IODUM. _ " Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. Eng, Syrup of Hydriodic Acid. Contains about 1 per cent by weight of the absolute acid (HI). Average Dose. — 1 fiuidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Alterative, resolvent- Uses. — Extensively employed in the treatment of syphilis, rheumatism, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, interstitial nephri: is chronic bronchitis, asthma, goiter, lead- and mercury- poisoning, hepatic cirrhosis, and after the acute stage in apoplexy, menin- gitis, etc. Iodism. — The :: dices ir.~y s::::e:i:::es :::i.;t u::c".es.sa.r.: results even when taken in comparatively small amounts. The usual symptoms are: pain in the articulation of the inferior maxilla, coryza, excessive flow of saliva and skin lesions which may assume any one of a variety of forms. The treatment con- ts in discontinuing the drug and favoring elimination. Large doses : sodium bi:_ mate have been recommended. Administration. — Potassium Iodide is by far the most largely used : Sodium Iodide would come next. It will be noted that the iodides are colorless crys:alline salts, freely soluble in water and forming clear, colorless solutions. They have a tendency to absorb moisture from the air, so should not be dispensed in pow- ders. They should not be given in capsules, as the action on the gastric mucosa would be undesirable. They should always be prescribed in solution if for internal use, and administered well diluted. Many prefer that the patient use milk as the diluent, as it seems to reduce to a minimum the disagreeable gastric er:e::s and tends to better disguise the taste. To prevent the possibility of an almost insoluble compound being formed with starch, if that agent is present, the usual time of ad- ministration is an hour before or two hours after meals. An iodide is usually prescribed in solution alone or with iodine or other iodides : an exception to this is the so-called "Mixed Treat- ment," when an iodide is prescribed with a mercuric salt, and some- times with such agents as the Compound Syrup of 5~rsaparilla or Compound Tincture of Cinchona. When the dose of the iodide is to be changed or the drug long continued, the most convenient and economical method is to pre- 5 : ribe it alone in an aqueous solution, a minim of which will repre- se::: a grain of the drug. Too large an amount should not be or- dered at any time, as the solution is apt to undergo decomposition and free iodine be liberated. 204 IODUM. It should be remembered that the iodides precipitate most alkaloids. Probably the most common and convenient method of administer- ing an iodide is in the following so-called "saturated solution" : B or Potassii Iodidi , . 3j 30j Aquae Dest q. s. f 5 j 30] M. ft. sol. Sig. — Begin with five (5) drops as directed. Among the advantages of this prescription are economy and convenience in changing dose. Several iodides are sometimes combined, as : R or Potassii Iodidi. Sodii Iodidi aa. 5i j Strontii Iodidi 3j Aquae q. s. fSiv M. Sig. — Teaspoonful with milk two hours after meals. 8 4 120 Ammonium Iodide is sometimes used alone or in combination for pulmonary trouble, as in the following for asthma : B or Ammonii Iodidi 3j 4 Potassii Iodidi oiv 15 Ammonii Bromidi 5ij 8 Elix. Aromatici q. s. l*5iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water three times a day. Mixed treatment may be prescribed, as : 3 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij 113 Potassii Iodidi 5i 30,00 Aquae Dest q. s. f 5j 30j00 M. ft. sol. Sig. — Ten (10) drops after meals as directed. Mixed treatment with a bitter tonic is often considered desirable n or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. iss 1 Potassii Iodidi ov 20J0 Aquae fSj 30J0 Tinct. Cinchon. Co q. s. foiv 120|0 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water before meals. IODUM. _: : In the treatment of syphilis in infants : Ui r Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j Potassii Iodidi 3ij Syr. Zingiberis i'3j Aquae q. 5. f 5ij M. Sig. — Five (5) drops in milk three times a day. In the treatment of syphilis in the tertian- stage : R± or Hydrarg. Iod. Rub gr. iv Potassii Iodidi o. . - |uae Desti" c. 5. io '■''; M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. In the treatment of syphilis : R- or Hydrarg. Iodidi Rub gr. iv Potassii Iodidi 5iv Syr. Sarsaparillae Co c. 5. : - M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water four times daily. 8 30 60 065 000 000 000 is: :o 180 00 Or: Potassii Iodidi. Sodii Iodidi. Ammonii Iodidi aa. gr. xcvj 6 5 . rupi Aurantii f 3 i 3! Aquae q. s. f 5vj 1 S M. Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted four times daily. In the treatment of conditions attended with high blood-pressure, as arteriosclerosi- : R or Sodii Xitritis gr. xv 1 Potassii Iodidi gr. clx 10 Aquae q. s. f 3iv 120 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful with milk two hour; after meals. i Musser and Kellr: Practical Treatment. 3 White and Martin : Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. * Ibid. : . ipecac; 7.- :r I zr >5 7 :::.-•.. 1: :.: rr :::: GtTcercEEi q.. 5- faj .'.'- :■: mz — Ac ply ii ii7±-:~zL IPECACUANHA. 7 - .:•. 1;: : . r I: c I:t:;: The ::.e ::::::: —'rlz'z :..- : t :.:::. :r.e : i : : ~ . : r. : : I~e ?:e~ : : 7 :■: :.'- ; ::.:: : ' : :: ~ : ; '::.:: ::z — Trre.ine 1 :: J r er :en: 7 A: ' I // — Z::r:: :/;:;: 1 ; : It:: 1 : ■-->—. _ : - : - : ■ .; (1 Cc). ?_l.s I;e:i:_2--2 e: 7;:: — ; :: 1 : u~ ; _-" Svr_r_5 Ire;i;_i--= I .- _.- 5; - .. ; :: lz±:i: 7.:::trfi:f " ;r: it:.: of Ipecac Contains some :i. Emetic,, 4 mndiachms (15 Cc). Tinetnra Iprrarnanhae et OpiL — See Opium, p. 243. '•'.-. -— I; t: = :u = -l-2 I - _ " ".: • t : : 1; -. : i : 7 ;: - t— - = 1 ! ; -~ : t -:. :: 1; t : i: /ra^re Dose. — IS minims (1 C: 1 ; -.- : i : : = 7. - : :::::.::: : r. 7 : ~; ; : .: n : 1 1: : : : . • t 7 . - Therapeutic Action. — Emetic, expectorant, diaphoretic. Uses. — Coughs,, bronchitis, pn e um onia, amebic dysentery and : : : : - rir.r -:'■'- A ::n?:::v.rr.: :::::.:;; .::a::-: : :rr.v.:l.c A:~::.:::i:::: — 7 St : I -.:.: :.-.'. I.e ?: .er ■: : Ipecac and Opium are the forms most commonly used. The expectorant dose as here given will often prove too large. : - I.e : i:: ::r :: :x:- :: : ran: : : — : 77 : ■-_ : lenr.re :: I~e 7 a:: en: if l-:r.: r. IPECACUANHA. 1\~ >wing prescriptions illustrate some methods of pre- " 12 R :r t. Ipframanhae — 7 _ .t: :■: ..: . ! e^trj zfTten rr.i-zizts : ... z~±zz - :r rhilirt" 5 in the. rti~rr.: : : = : :. s~ : : . ; : r : ; - :•; f ; : : il ~:u_i t r.- er In exf e :: : rant preparations I for child 4 ye^rs : I i " or Potassii Crtratis gr. Kw 5 r -:-.'.':.'.. :.z.7z .... E§ss i Spir. ^Etheris Xit. £Sj Syr. Limoris :':.-- 15 Aqe3E : 5 :"f.. :■'_ M. ; r — 7ri5; : ::::v:l ::; i:tT ever.- : : Or: R : r Syr. Ipecacuanha? ... : ' " f « 2 7 ::: : : :: 5 5 _ : : : : " Liq. Potas. Citrat:; ..q. s. ffij M. In the treatment of the cough of measle s 7::i55:: 7:r-:.f . .. .... . ' :: 15 T.imoms Succi £5j Tract. Opii Canspfe. . - "."r :*";; Syr. Toratani s f5j :«! M. I:: :. li".i::vf ; t :::r. : : : :. : e: : : . : r.. ; R- . : Mas. Hydraigyri, Aloes Pnlv., Iz erirjinJUc ? .:. ^i;5::: -^ _ IL gr. :; 208 JALAPA. In the interval treatment of spasmodic laryngitis : R 1 or Tinct. Aconiti rn_ viij |5 Syr. Ipecacuanhae fSiss 610 Tinct. Opii Camph f3iij 12 Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. f 5ij 90 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful even - two hours. JALAPA. Latin. Talapa (Gen., Jalapae). Eng.. Jalap. The dried tuberous root of Exogonhim purga. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Pulvis Jalapae Compositus. Eng.. Compound Powder of Jalap. Jalap. 35 Gm.; Potassium Bitartrate, 65 Gm. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Resina Jalapae. Eng., Resin of Jalap. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Resin of Jalap is contained in the Compound Cathartic Pills and Vege- table Cathartic Pills. Therapeutic Action. — Purgative I . hydragogue ), diuretic. Uses. — Employed as a purgative, particularly in such condi- tions as nephritis, dropsy, apoplexy and uremia. Administration. — It is usually given in the form of the Com- pound Powder. The following illustrates the method of prescribing : As a hydragogue cathartic : R or Pulv. Jalapae Co 3iv IS Ft. cht. no. vj. Sig. — One every two hours till effect. In the treatment of ascites : R2 or Pulv. Jalapae Comp o] 30] Ft. cht. no. viij. Siar. — One in water an hour before breakfast. i Hushes: Practice of Medicine. - 1 Ibid. KAOLINUM. KIXO. 209 KAOLINUM. Latin. Kaolinum. Eng.. Kaolin. A native Aluminum Silicate. A soft, white or yellowish- white powder, or in lumps. Official Preparation. Cataplasma Kaolini. Eng.. Cataplasm of Kaolin. Kaolir_. 577 Gm.; Boric Acid, 45 Gm.; Thymol, 0.5 Gm.: Methyl Salicylate, 2 Gm. : Oil of Peppermint, 0.5 Gm. : Glycerin, 375 Gm. Therapeutic Action. — Cataplasm of Kaolin is said to be emol- lient, local sedative, exosmotic, antiphlogistic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of pleurisy, pneumonia, mastitis, sprains and deep-seated pain generally. Administration. — The official Cataplasm of Kaolin is still not stocked by many druggists or often prescribed, as the proprietary- preparations have a rather strong hold on the profession. It should be applied direct to the skin over the part affected. It is used as hot as patient can tolerate, and is used in a layer from one-eighth to one-quarter inch in thickness. This is covered with a heavy layer of absorbent cotten. The application is usuallv changed everv six to twelve hot *fc KINO. Latin. Kino (Gen.. Kinot. Eng., Kino. The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus marsupium. Principal Constituent. — Kinotannic Acid (about 75 per cent . Average Dos:. — 7- 2 grains .500 Gm.). Official Preparation. Tinctura Kino. Eng., Tincture of Kino. Represents 5 per cent, of the dr.:. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. Administration. — The tincture is the preparation employed. It is usually given with other agents, as in the following illustration : 14 210 KRAMERIA. LACTUCARIUM. In the treatment of enterocolitis : 3 1 or Bismuthi Subnitr 3iij 12 Tinct. Kino, Tinct. Opii Camph aa f Siss 45 Misturae Cretae q. s. f Hvj 180 M. Sig.— "Shake." Tablespoonful every three hours till effect. KRAMERIA. Latin, Krameria. Eng., Krameria. Synonym, Rhatany. The dried root of Krameria triandra, K. ixina, or K. argentea. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Krameriae. Eng., Extract of Krameria. Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Fluidextractum Krameriae. Eng., Fluidextract of Krameria. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Syrupus Krameriae. Eng., Syrup of Krameria. Represents 45 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Tinctura Krameriae. Eng., Tincture of Krameria. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Trochisci Krameriae. Eng., Troches of Krameria. Each troche con- tains about 1 grain (0.06 Gm.) of the drug. Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Has been recommended for diarrhea, dysentery, and as a local application for hemorrhages from the nose, rectum, etc. Seldom prescribed. LACTUCARIUM. Latin, Lactucarium. Eng., Lactacarium. Synonym, Lettuce. The concrete milk- juice of Lactuca virosa. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Syrupus Lactucarii. Eng., Syrup of Lactucarium. Represents 5 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. LAPPA. LEPTANDRA. LIMON. 211 Tinctura Lactucarii. Eng., Tinctura Lactucarium. Represents 50 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, hypnotic. Uses. — Has been recommended for whooping-cough, hysteria, neurasthenia, etc. Seldom prescribed. LAPPA. Latin, Lappa. Eng., Lappa. Synonym, Burdock. The dried root of Arctium lappa or of other species of Arctium. Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Lappae. Eng., Fluidextract of Lappa. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be diuretic, diaphoretic, alter- ative. Uses. — Has been recommended for various chronic skin diseases. Seldom prescribed. LEPTANDRA. Latin, Leptandra. Eng., Leptandra. Synonym, Culver's Root. The dried rhizome and roots of Veronica virginica. Principal Constituent. — Leptandrin. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Leptandrae. Eng., Extract of Leptandra. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Fluidextractum Leptandrae. Eng., Fluidextract of Leptandra. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a cholagogue purgative. Uses. — Has been recommended for chronic constipation and as an adjuvant for other purgative agents. Seldom prescribed. LIMON— Lemon. The following parts are official : LIMONIS CORTEX. Eng., Lemon Peel. The recently separated outer rind of the ripe fruit of Citrus limonum. 212 LIMOX. Official Preparation and Constituent of Lemon Peel. Tinctura Limonis Corticis. Eng.. Tincture of Lemon PeeL Repre- sents 50 per cent, of the drug. OLEUM LIMONIS. Eng., Oil of Lemon. Ave age Dose. — - : minims (0.2 Cc). LIMONIS SUCCUS. Eng., Lemon Juice rhe freshly expressed juice of the ripe fruit of Citrus limonum. At age Dose. — 1 fluidounce (30 Cc). Lemon and Oil of Lemon are contained in several official preparations. Unofficial Preparation. Sy rupus Limonis. Eng., Syrup of Lemon. Contains some free Ci: Acid. Ave age Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 jt Therapeutic Action. — The Oil of Lemon st ::iachic and flavoring agent. Lemon-juice is refrigerant and antiscorbut: : Uses. — The oil and its preparations are used as flavoring agents. Lemon juice in the form of lemonade is frequently em- ployed in fevr a refrigerant drink and as a means of inducing the patient to take large quantities oi water. :ric Acid and Citra: In the treatment of the cough of measles : Ri r Potass &s Limonis Succi Tinct. Opii Camph. . 5 r. Ipecacuanhae 5yi I rlutani q. s. f 1 S g — t x>nful in water every two he 8 In the treatment of cough (for child 4 years old :r Potassii Citratis ... Spir. .Etheris Xit fiffij Syr. Ipecacuanha? S r Limonis . , - S M. - a — Teaspoon ful every two hours when awa : - : ' . : : - LINIMENTUM. LIXUM. LIQUOR. 213 LINIMENTUM— Liniment. Liniments are liquid preparations for external use and usually applied with rubbing. The following eight are official: Linimentum Ammoniae. — See Ammonia. Linimentum Belladonnae. — See Belladonna. Linimentum Calcis. — See Calcium. Linimentum Camphors. — See Camphora. Linimentum Chloroformi. — See Chloroformum. Linimentum Saponis. — See S?.e:. Linimentum Saponis Mollis. — See S?.;:. Linimentum Terebinthinae. — See Terebinthina. LINUM. Latin, Linum. Eng., Linseed, Flaxseed. The ripe seeds of L in u m usitatissimu m. Official Constituent. Oleum Lini. Eng., Linseed Oil. Average Dose. — 1 flnidounce (30 Cc.). Linseed Oil is contained in several official preparations. Two Lir.stec Oils are on the market, known as the "raw" and the "boiled." The former is the one used in medicine. Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent, emollient, laxative, diuretic. Uses. — Flaxseed in the form of meal is extensively used by the public as poultices for boils, sprains, etc. The oil is used in veterinary practice for colic. It is seldom prescribed for internal use in man, but is a constituent in making Lime Liniment, which is much used for minor burns. Seldom prescribed. LIQUOR— Solution. This class consists of aqueous solutions of non-volatile substances. They present the greatest variety in strength, character and method of preparation. They are usually very active medicinal preparations. There are twenty-five official solutions, as follows : Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. — See Arsercum. Liquor Ammonii Acetatis. — See Ammonium. Liquor Antisepticus. — See Acicum Bzricum Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi. — See Arseicum. Liquor Calcis. — See Calcium. Liquor Chlori Compositus. — See Chlorum. Liquor Cresolis Compositus. — See Cresol. 2U LITHUM. LOBELIA. Liquor Ferri Chloridi. — See Ferrum. Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. — See Ferrum. Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. — See Ferrum. Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis. — See Ferrum. Liquor Formaldehydi. — See Formaldehyde. Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis. — See Hydrargyrum. Liquor Iodi Compositus. — See Iodum. Liquor Magnesii Citratis. — See Magnesium. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. — See Plumbum- Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutum. — See Plumbum. Liquor Pctassii Arsenitis. — See Arsenum. Liquor Potassii Citratis. — See Potassium. Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi. — See Potassium. Liquor Scdae Chlorinatas. — See Sodium. Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. — See Arsenum. Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi. — See Sodium. Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus. — See Sodium. Liquor Zinci Chloridi. — See Zincum. LITHUM. Official Salts and Preparations. LITHII BENZOAS.— See Benzoates, p. 86. LITHII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. LITHII CARBONAS. Eng., Lithium Carbonate. Average Dose. — ~~ i grains (0.500 Gm.). LITHII CITRAS.— See Citrate, p. 19. Lithii Citras Eflervescens. — See Citrates, p. 19. LITHII SALICYLAS.— See Salicylates, p. - LOBELIA. Latin. Lobelia. Eng., Lobelia. The dried leaves and top- Lobelia in flat a. Average Dose. — 7 l A grains (0.5 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Lobeliae. Eng., Fluidextract of Lobelia. t Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Tinctura Lobeliae. Eng., Tincture Lobelia. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Ave je Dose. — Expectorant 15 minims (1 Cc Emetic, 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc . Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, depressant, emetic, expectorant. Uses. — Principallv used for asthma, bronchitis, and kindred conditions. Seldom prescribed. LUPULINUM. LYCOPODIUM. MAGNESIUM. 215 LUPULINUM. See Humulus, p. 181. LYCOPODIUM. Latin, Lycopodium. Eng.. Lycopodium. The spore of Lycopo- dium claratum or of other species of Lycopodium. A fine yellowish powder, almost odorless and tasteless. MAGNESIUM. Official Salts and Preparations. MAGNESII CARBONAS. Eng., Magnesium Carbonate. Form. — White powder or mass Odor and Taste. — Odorless; almost tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 45 grains (3 Gm.). Magnesium Carbonate is used in preparing many official preparations. LIQUOR MAGNESII CITRATIS. Eng.. Solution of Magnesium Citrate. An aqueous solution of freshly prepared Magnesium Citrate con- taining an excess of citric acid, impregnated with carbon dioxide and sweetened with syrup. At crage Dose. — 12 fluidounces (360 Cc.). MAGNESII OXIDUM. Eng., Magnesium Oxide, Magnesia. Syno- nyms, Calcined Magnesia, Light Magnesia- Form. — White, bulky powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost taste'. Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. Incompatibles. — Acids, copaiba, salts of iron ; water, etc. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Magnesium Oxide is used in several official preparations. MAGNESII OXIDUM PONDEROSUM. Eng., Heavy Magnesium Oxide, Heavy Magnesia. A white powder differing from the foregoing in not being so bulky ; r so readily uniting with water. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gc:. . MAGNESII SULPHAS. Eng., Magnesium Sulphate. Synonyms, Epsom Salts, Salts. Form. — Small, colorless prisms or needles. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; saline and bitter taste. Solubility. — In 1.1 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alkaloids, arsenates, carbonates, phosphates, tartrates, phosphoric acid, lime water, lead acetate, silver nitrate, etc. -.crage Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). Magnesium Sulphate is contained in the Compound Infusion of Senna. Magnesii Sulphas Ettervescens. Eng., Effervescing Magnesium Sul- phate. Represents 50 per cent, of Magnesium Sulphate. 216 MAGNESIUM. Therapeutic Action. — The oxides and the carbonate are antacid and laxative. The sulphate is a hydragogue purgative. Uses. — The oxides and the carbonates are principally used in hyperchlorhydria, gastric ulcer, etc. The sulphate is one of the most extensively used purgatives. Administration. — Magnesium Sulphate, Magnesium Oxide, and the solution of Magnesium Citrate are the preparations most frequently prescribed. The latter preparation is dispensed in bottles of 12 fluidounces, and should always be prescribed in that quantity. After it has been opened and the excess of carbon dioxide escaped, it acquires a flat taste ; so should always be ordered fresh. The druggist usually charges 25 cents for the prescription. Magnesium Sulphate is the cheapest and probably the most largely used purgative. It is usually kept by the laity, and it is often advisable, particularly with the poorer class of patients, to merely include in the written instructions for patient, an order that a cer- tain amount of Epsom Salts be taken. This preparation is com- monly called "Salts," and when the word is written without the final "s" being legible, or the word "Epsom" being employed, it has been mistaken for "Salt," and Sodium Chloride used. A desirable method of administering it is in a glass of lemonade. As a laxative : I* or Magnesii Sulph. Efferves Siv 1201 Sig. — Heaping teaspoon ful in glass of water. As a purgative : $ or Magnesii Sulph 3.j 30 Syrupi f Sss 15 Limonis Succi q. s. f3i j 60 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful in glass of water every four hours until effect. In the treatment of diarrhea : I* or Magnesii Sulphatis 3iv 15 Tinct. Opii Deod ni,xl 2 Acidi Sulph. Arom f3iss 6 Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f&iv 120 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours until relieved. MALTUM. 217 As an aperient in the treatment of comedo: Bi or Magnesii Sulphatis Siss Ferri Sulphatis gr. xvj Acidi Sulph. Dil Sij Aquae q. s. fBviij Sig. — Tablespoonful in water before breakfast. As a purgative : Liq. Magnesii Citratis Sig. — Take half ( T / 2 ) before breakfast. or fSxij 45 1 8 240 3601 As an antacid, as in the treatment of hyperacidity : $ or Magnesii Oxidi 3iv 15 Calcii Carb. Prsec 3ij 8 Sodii Bicarb Siij 12 Bism. Subnitr Zij 8 01. Menth. Pip tt\,v 3 M. Sig. — Level teaspoonful in milk two hours after meals. This may be ordered to be made into powders (about 20) and the direc- tions made to read one powder in milk two hours after meals. In the treatment of erythema venenatum: $2 or Acidi Borici gr. xv Talci Purificati gr. xx Cretae Preparatas 3ij Magnesii Carbonatis 3iij M. Sig. — Use as a dusting powder. 110 1|3 8|0 1210 MALTUM. Latin, Maltum. Eng\, Malt. The grain of barley, Hordeum distichon, partially germinated artificially and then dried. Official Preparation. Extractum Malti. Eng., Extract of Malt. A sweet, thick, brownish liquid. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. 218 MAXGANUM. MANNA. MARRUBIUM. Therapeutic Action. — Nutrient and tonic. Uses. — Malt food and beverages are frequently recommended to improve digestion, increase weight, stimulate the secretion of milk and relieve constipation. Administration. — Seldom used except in the form of the various proprietary beverages, foods, etc. MANGANUM. Official Salts. MANGANI DIOXIDUM PRiECIPITATUM. Eng., Precipitated Manganese Dioxide. Form. — A black powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water and alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alkalies, carbonates, phosphates, etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). MANGANI HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Acidum Hypophosphorosum, p. 24. MANGANI SULPHAS. Eng., Manganese Sulphate. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). POTASSII PERMANGANAS.— See Potassium, p. 274. Therapeutic Action. — Manganese dioxide is classed as a tonic, alterative and emmenagogue. Uses. — Principally used for functional amenorrhea and anemia. Administration. — Precipitated manganese dioxide is usually employed in the form of the ready-prepared pills or in capsules, either alone or with Ferrous Carbonate, Arsenic Trioxide, etc. MANNA. Latin, Manna. Eng., Manna. The concrete saccharine exudation of Fraximus Ornus. Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a laxative, demulcent and nutrient. Uses. — It is employed as a household remedy, usually in com- bination with Senna, as a purgative. Manna is considered par- ticularly desirable on account of its pleasant taste. Seldom prescribed. MARRUBIUM. Latin, Marrubium. Eng., Marrubium. Synonym, Horehound. The dried leaves and flowering tops of Marrubium vulgarc. MASSA. MATRICARIA. 219 Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, stomachic, etc. Uses. — Extensively used as a domestic remedy for coughs, laryngitis and kindred conditions. Seldom prescribed. MASSA— Mass. Masses are soft-solid preparations for internal use, and of such consistency that they may be molded into pills. They are frequently prescribed alone or with other agents, and may be given in pill form or put into capsules. The following two masses are official : Massa Ferri Carbonatis. — See Ferrum. Massa Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. MASTICHE. Latin, Mastiche. Eng., Mastic. A concrete resinous exudation from Pistacia Icntiscus. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Mastiche is contained in the Pills of Aloes and Mastiche. Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a mild stimulant, expectorant and diuretic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. MATICO. Latin, Matico, Eng., Matico. The leaves of Piper angustifolium. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Matico. Eng., Fluidextract of Matico. Average Dose. — 1 flmdrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a stimulant, diuretic, and styptic. Uses. — Seldom employed. MATRICARIA. Latin, Matricaria. Eng., Matricaria. Synonym, German Chamomile. The dried flower-heads of Matricaria chamomilla. Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, antispasmodic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 220 MEL. MELLITA. MENTHA PIPERITA. MEL— Honey. Latin, Mel (Gen., Mellis). Eng., Honey. A saccharine secretion deposited in the honey-comb by the bee, Apis mcllifera. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Official Preparations. Mel Depuratum. Eng., Clarified Honey. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc.). Mel Rosae. — See Rosa. Honey is contained in some other official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Nutrient, mild laxative. Uses. — A pleasant flavor and sweetening agent. A constitu- ent of many cough and laxative preparations, gargles, etc. Administration. — Clarified Honey is usually prescribed with other agents in quantities only sufficient to give a pleasant taste. MELLITA. Preparations with honey as a menstruum. MENTHA PIPERITA. Latin, Mentha Piperita (Gen., Mentha? Piperita?). Eng., Pep- permint. The leaves and flowering tops of Mentha piperita. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Official Constituents and Preparations. Oleum Menthae Piperitae. Eng., Oil of Peppermint. A volatile oil. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Menthol.— See Menthol, p. 222. Aqua Menthae Piperitae. Eng., Peppermint Water. A saturated, aqueous solution of Oil of Peppermint. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Spiritus Menthae Piperitae. Eng., Spirit of Peppermint. Synonym, Essence of Peppermint. Contains about 10 per cent, of Oil of Pepper- mint. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Spirit of Peppermint is contained in Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda. MEXTHA PIPERITA. 221 Therapeutic Action. — Oil of Peppermint is refrigerant, car- minative, stomachic, antiseptic. Uses. — Frequently used as a flavoring agent; also in the treatment of acute indigestion, flatulence, hysteria, etc. Exter- nally it is sometimes employed for neuralgia, rheumatism, etc. Administration. — The following prescriptions illustrate the employment of the preparations of peppermint both as active agents and as vehicles : B or Camphorae gr. iv 01. Menth. Pip., Ol. Pini Syl., Eucalyptolis aa. ttl iv Petrolati Liq q. s. f Siv M. Sig. — Use as a spray even- four hours. 120 26 26 00 The internal use of peppermint is shown in the following for acute indigestion : n or Spir. Menth. Pip., Spir. JEtheris Co aa. f §ss 151 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every hour till relieved. In the treatment of acute indigestion, etc. : 3 or Spir. Chloroformi, Spir. Menth. Pip aa. fSss 151 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours till relieved. These are usually employed in a glass of hot water, after having emptied the stomach by the use of warm saline solution. Sodium Bicarbonate is often added at the time of administration. Used as a vehicle in the treatment of rheumatism : Ri or Sodii Salicylatis 5ss Aquas Mentha; Pip q. s. f3iv M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls well diluted every two hours. 15 120 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 222 MENTHA VIRIDIS. MENTHOL. In the treatment of chronic vomiting of childhood : Bi or Liq. Potas. Arsenitis nixij Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xxiv 1 Aquas Menthse Pip q. s. f&iij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful three times a day. In a preparation for the treatment of constipation : R2 or Flext. Rhamni Pursh f Sj 30 Tinct Cardamomi Comp f,§ss 15 Glycerini f Sj 30 Aquae Menthse Pip q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 75 50 00 MENTHA VIRIDIS. Latin, Mentha Viridis. Eng., Spearmint. The dried leaves and flowering tops of Mentha spicata. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Official Constituent and Preparation. Oleum Menthae Viridis. Eng., Oil of Spearmint. A volatile oil. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.). Spiritus Menthae Viridis. Eng., Spirit of Spearmint. Represents 10 per cent, of the oil and 1 per cent, of the crude drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, refrigerant, etc. active than peppermint. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. Less MENTHOL. Latin, Menthol (Gen., Mentholis). Eng., Menthol. A second- ary alcohol obtained from Peppermint Oil. Form. — Colorless Crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odor of Peppermint. A warm, aromatic taste, followed by a sensation of cold when air is drawn into the mouth. Solubility. — Only slightly soluble in water. Freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform. 1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. MENTHOL. 223 Incompatibles. — Liquefies when triturated with camphor, hy- drated chloral, thymol, etc. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, stimulant, carminative, local sedative. Uses. — In various ways it is employed in the treatment of bronchitis, coryza, neuralgia, pruritus, diarrhea, typhoid fever, etc. Administration. — Menthol is seldom prescribed as such for internal use. It is a constituent of many of the so-called "anti- septics." It is frequently used in ointments r liniments, inhala- tions, etc. Some combinations are shown in the following: As an inhalation in rhinitis, sinus involvement, laryngitis, bron- chitis, etc. : B or Mentholis, Camphorae aa. 3ij 8 M. tere bene. Sig. — Inhale frequently. Or: R or Mentholis, Camphorae aa. 3j 4 Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. fBij 60 M. Sig. — Use teaspoonful to pitcher of hot water. Written instructions should be left with patient as to frequency and dura- tion of the inhalations. Usually they are employed for about ten minutes every three hours. With children they are sometimes best employed during sleep by making a tent out of a newspaper, as the drug would affect the eyes if they were open. In the treatment of neuralgia : B' 1 or Chlorali Hydrati, Camphorae, Mentholis aa. 3j M. et tere bene. Sig. — Paint over parts as directed. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 224 METHYLTHIOXIXJE HYDROCHLORIDUM. In the treatment of pruritus : Ri Phenolis, Mentholis aa. gr. xx Petrolati q. s. 5; M. tere bene. Sig. — Apply locally. or IP 300 In the treatment of pruritus : Mentholis, Camphors. Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. v. Petrolati q. s. off M. Sig. — Apply locally. or IS 32 In the treatment of herpes progenitalis : R3 or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. Mentholis gr. xij Adipis Lanae Hyd c. s. 5ss M. Sig. — Apply locally. 800 In a liniment, as for myalgia, lumbago, strains, etc. R or Mentholis 5j Chloroformi :z Lin. Saponis q. s. t'ovj M. Sig. — Apply with massage twice daily. 4 30 is: METHYLIS SALICYLAS. See Acidum Salieylicum, p. METHYLTHIONIN^E HYDROCHLORIDUM. Latin. Methvlthioninae Hvdrochloridum. En^.. Methvlthionine Hydrochloride. Methylene Blue. Form. — A dark-green, crystalline powder or crystals having a bronze-like luster. 1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. - Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Dist. - - MEZEREUM. MISTURA. MORPHIX.E. 22'- Solubility. — Readily soluble in water and somewhat less readily in alcohol, the solution having a deep-blue color. Average Dose. — 1- grains (0.250 Gm. . Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a diuretic, urinary antiseptic. etc. Uses. — Sometimes employed in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, pyelitis, malaria, and other conditions. Administration. — Usually prescribed in capsules, either alone or with other agents. A convenient form is the ready-filled cap- sule, either hard or soft, put out by the pharmaceutical manu- facturing houses. They may be obtained containing the drug alone or in various combinations. MEZEREUM. Latin. Mezereum. Eng.. Mezereum. Synonym. Mezereon. The dried bark of Daphne mezereum. Average Dose. — 7 : 2 grains i 0.500 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Mezerei. Eng.. Fluidextract of Mezereum. Mezereum is contained in the Compound Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla. Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, vesicant, etc. Uses. — Has been recommended for such conditions as rheu- matism, indolent ulcers, and scrofula. Seldom prescribed. MISTURA— Mixture. This class includes the aqueous liquid preparations intended for internal use, and containing suspended insoluble substances. They should always be shaken before using. There are four official mix- tures, as follows : Mistura Cretae. — See Calcium. Mistura Ferri Composita. — See Ferrum. Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. — See Glycyrrhiza. Mistura Rhei et Sodae. — See Rheum. MORPHINA. See Opium, p. 243. MORPHINE ACETAS. See Opium, p. 243. 15 226 MORPHINE. MOSCHUS. MYRISTICA. MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDUM. See Opium, p. 244. MORPHINE SULPHAS. See Opium, p. 244. MOSCHUS. Latin, Moschus. Eng., Musk. The dried secretion from the preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Preparation. Tinctura Moschi. Eng., Tincture of Musk. Represents 5 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be stimulant and antispasmodic. Uses. — Has been recommended in the treatment of hysteria, neurasthenia, hiccough, and certain debilitated conditions. Seldom prescribed. MUCILAGO— Mucilage. These are thick, viscid, adhesive liquids, containing gum or mu- cilaginous principles dissolved in water. They are usually employed to hold insoluble substances in suspension in aqueous liquids. There are four official mucilages, as follows : Mucilago Acaciae. — See Acacia. Mucilago Sassafras Medullar. — See Sassafras. Mucilago Tragacanthae. — See Tragacantha. Mucilago Ulmi. — See Ulmus. MYRISTICA. Latin, Myristica. Eng., Myristica. Synonym, Nutmeg. The kernel of the ripe seed of Myristica fragrans. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Constituent. Oleum Myristicae. Eng., Oil of Myristica. A volatile oil. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Myristica or the Oil of Myristica are contained in several official preparations. MYRRHA. NAPHTHALENUM. 227 Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, sedative. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of nausea, flatulence, diarrhea, neuralgia, rheumatism, etc. Seldom prescribed. MYRRHA. Latin, Myrrha. Eng., Myrrh. A gum-resin obtained from Commiphora myrrha. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparations. Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae. Eng., Pills of Aloes and Myrrh. Each pill contains 0.13 Gm. (2 grains) of Aloes and 0.06 Gm. (1 grain) of Myrrh. Average Dose. — 2 pills. Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae. Eng., Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. Rep- resents 10 per cent, each of Aloes, Myrrh and Glycyrrhiza. Tinctura Myrrhae. Eng., Tincture of Myrrh. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Myrrh is contained in Compound Iron Mixture and Compound Pills of Rhubarb. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent, carminative. Uses. — Employed principally in mouth-washes and gargles for salivation, stomatitis, tonsillitis, etc. Administration. — Not often prescribed. The following illus- trates the use of the drug: In the treatment of stomatitis (child 3 years old) : $i or Potas. Chloratis gr. xxiv 1 150 Tinct. Myrrhae tt\ x 165 Syr. Acaciae fSj 3000 Aquae q. s. f 5iij 90|00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. NAPHTHALENUM. Latin, Naphthalenum. Eng., Naphthalene. Colorless laminae. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, antiparasitic, irritant, ex- pectorant. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 228 NUX VOMICA. Uses. — Has been used locally for pediculosis, tinea, scabies, etc. ; and internally for diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever and related conditions. Administration. — Not often prescribed. The following will show a method of ordering: In the treatment of acute intestinal indigestion : 31 or Xaphthaleni gr. xxx 2J00 Bismuthi Subsalicyl gr. lxxx 5|00 Phenolis ' gr. i v 132 Glycerini f3j 30|00 Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f 3iij 90 00 M. Sig.— "Shake." Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours. NUX VOMICA. Latin, Nux Vomica (Gen., Nucis Vomicae). Eng., Nux Vomica. Synonyms, Poison Nut, Dog Button, Quaker Button. The dried ripe seed of St rye linos nux vomica. Principal Constituents. — Strychnine (not less than 1.25 per cent.), brucine, tannic acid, etc. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Alkaloid, Salts and Preparations. Extractum Nucis Vomicae. Eng., Extract of Nux Vomica. A light- colored powder containing 5 per cent, of strychnine. Average Dose. — % grain (0.015 Gm.). Fluidextractum Nucis Vomicae. Eng., Fluidextract of Nux Vomica. Contains 1 per cent, of strychnine. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Tinctura Nucis Vomicae. Eng., Tincture of Nux Vomica. Contains 0.1 per cent, of strychnine. Average Dose. — 10 minims (0.6 Cc). Strychnina. Eng., Strychnine. An alkaloid obtained from Nux Vomica. Form. — Colorless crystals or white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. Solubility. — In 6400 parts of water or 110 of alcohol. Incompaiibles. — For Strychnine and its Salts: Alkalies, alkali carbonates and bicarbonates, ammonium chloride, benzoates, dichromates, bromides, borates, cyanides, iodides, salicylates, gold chloride, ichthyol, mercuric chloride, 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. NUX VOMICA. 229 potassio-mercuric iodide, oxalic acid, picric acid, piperazin, oxidizers, tannic acid. Average Dose. — %4 grain (0.001 Gm.). Strychnine is contained in many official preparations. Strychninae Nitras. Eng., Strychnine Nitrate. Form. — Colorless needles. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. Solubility. — In 42 parts of water or 120 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Strychnina. Average Dose. — Yqi grain (0.001 Gm.). Strychninae Sulphas. Eng., Strychnine Sulphate. Form. — Colorless or white crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. Solubility. — In 31 parts of water or 65 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Strychnina. Average Dose. — %4 grain (0.001 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, tonic, stomachic. Uses. — The preparations of Nux Vomica or the Strychnine salts have been used in the treatment of almost all diseases either during the progress of the maladies or to aid in the pro- cesses of repair. Particularly employed in conditions charac- terized by loss of appetite, weakness, indigestion, constipation or other evidences of lowered vitality. Toxicology. — The usual symptoms of strychnine poisoning are nervous twitchings, hyperesthesia, convulsions. Some dif- ferential features of the convulsions are the relaxation between the attacks, the exaggerated reflexes and the lateness of the in- volvement of the muscles of neck and face. In children a com- paratively small dose of strychnine may produce toxic symptoms. Treatment consists largely in keeping the patient free from dis- turbing surroundings, chloroform by inhalation during the convul- sions, and hydrated chloral and bromides by mouth or rectum. The stomach should be washed out, if possible, with a solution of potassium permanganate (1:3000). Elimination should be favored particularly by diuretics. Administration. — The preparations most frequently used are the Tincture of Nux Vomica and Strychnine Sulphate. Extract of Nux Vomica and Strychnine Nitrate are also extensively used by some practitioners. A common error seems to be that of giving the tincture in such small dosage as to be almost without effect; particularly is this the case when ordered to be taken by drops, as it averages about 140 drops to 60 minims. The strychnine content is only 0.1 per 230 NUX VOMICA. cent. ; so 5 drops would only represent about 7500 grain of strych- nine, while about % grain seems to be nearer the average dose of the average practitioner when using the alkaloidal salt. In prescribing strychnine in solution it is particularly inadvisable to employ it with the bromides or iodides, as the precipitate forms slowly, and being comparatively small in amount may be overlooked by both dispenser and patient and a poisonous amount taken at the final dose. As a tonic, stimulant, stomachic, appetizer, etc. : R or Tinct. Nucis Vomicae fSij 60| Sig. — Twenty (20) drops in water before meals. Or: ~fy or Tinct. Nucis Vomicae fBj 30 Tinct. Cardam. Co q. s. f£vj 180 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. Used to stimulate appetite : $1 or Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f5j 4| Tinct. Gentianae Comp fSij 601 Aquae q. s. fBiv 120 j M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water half-hour before meals. As a tonic, etc. : R or Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, Acidi Phos. DiL, Tinct. Ferri Chlor., Syr. Pruni Virg aa. fEj 30 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. As a laxative, etc., in the treatment of atony: IP or Flext. Rhamni Pursh., Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa. f3iij 12 Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. -Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. NUX VOMICA. 231 In the treatment of indigestion: 3 Pepsini Sij Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, Glycerini aa. f 5j Aquae q. s. f 5vj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 30 180 In the treatment of heart and kidney disease : B or Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f3iv 15 1 Inf. Digitalis q. s. flvj 180| M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. Or: Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, Tinct. Digitalis aa. f 3j Tinct. Gent. Co., q. s. f Siv M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 30 120 As a stimulant : Tab. Strych. Sulph. (%o gr.) Sig. — One every six hours. no. xx As a stimulant, etc. : Tab. Nitroglyc, Dig. et Strych. Sig. — One every six hours. no. xxx As a tonic, particularly in malaria Strychninae Sulph., Arseni Trioxidi Quininae Sulph., Ferri Reducti M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One after each meal. or aa. gr. j . aa. gr. lx 065 000 232 NUX VOMICA. In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : R 1 or H 73 Strychninae Sulph gr. Sparteinae Sulph gr. iij Caffeinae Citratae 3ss M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One every four hours. In the treatment of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia R2 or Strychninae Sulph gr. ss Hydrastininae Hydrochl gr. x Extracti Ergotae gr. xl M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One two hours after meals. 02 20 00 03 65 50 In the treatment of subinvolution of the uterus: R3 or Strychninae Sulph gr. j 1065 Ext. Ergotae, Quininae Sulph aa.gr. xxx 2 000 M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One before each meal. In the treatment of indigestion : n or Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 03 Elix. Digest. Co q. s. £5vj 180 00 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. In the treatment of palpitation, etc., in hysteric subjects: IM or Strychninae Sulph gr. Ys Zinci Valeratis gr. x Ext. Sumbul gr. x Ext. Hyoscyami gr. v M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One after each meal. 02 65 65 32 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 2 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 3 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 4 Anders: Practice of Medicine. OLEATUM. 233 In the treatment of herpes zoster: $i or Zinci Phosphidi, Ext. Nucis Vomicae aa. gr. x |65 M. ft. cap. no. xxx. Sig. — One every three hours. As a postoperative tonic : 1^2 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., Arseni Trioxidi aa. gr. j 065 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. xxv 1 600 Ferri et Quin. Cit. gr. cc 13 000 M. ft. cap. no. c. Sig. — One after each meal. In the treatment of constipation : R3 or Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xl 2|50 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij |13 Resinae Podophylli gr. ij 1 13 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One at bedtime. In a laxative preparation : Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f^ss Flext. Rhamni Pursh f§j Glycerini fSss Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fliij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 15| 30 1 15| 901 OLEATUM— Oleate. Oleates are preparations made by dissolving metallic salts or al- kaloids in oleic acid. The official oleates are liquid. The following five are official : Oleatum Atropinae. — See Belladonna. Oleatum Cocainae. — See Coca. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. -Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 3 IUd. 4 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 234 OLEORESINA. OLEUM. Oleatum Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. Oleatum Quininae. — See Cinchona. Oleatum Veratrinae. — See Veratrum. OLEORESINA— Oleoresin. An oleoresin is a liquid preparation consisting principally of a natural mixture of oil and resin. They are not often prescribed. The following six are official : Oleoresina Aspidii. — See Aspidium. Oleoresina Capsici. — See Capsicum. Oleoresina Cubebae. — See Cubeba. Oleoresina Lupulini.— See Humulus. Oleoresina Piperis. — See Piper. Oleoresina Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. OLEUM— Oil. The oils constitute an important class of medicinal substances. They are usually freely soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. They are divided into two groups : ( 1 ) Volatile Oils, which usually have a characteristic odor and taste, and will evaporate without leaving a residue at ordinary temperature. They are used largely for their odor and taste. (2) Fixed Oils, which usually have a slight or no odor, and will not entirely evaporate at ordinary tem- perature. The following oils are official : Oleum Adipis. — See Adeps. Oleum iEthereum. — See /Ether. Oleum Amygdalae Expressum. — See Amygdala. Oleum Anisi. — See Anisum. Oleum Aurantii Corticis. — See Aurantium. Oleum Betulae. — See Acidum Salicylicum. Oleum Cadinum. — See next page. Oleum Cajuput. Eng., Oil of Cajuput. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Oleum Cari. — See Carum. Oleum Caryophylli. — See Caryophyllus. Oleum Chenopodii. Oil of Chenopodium. Synonym, Oil of American Wormseed. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Oleum Cinnamomi. — See Cinnamomum. Oleum Copaibae. — See Copaiba. Oleum Coriandri. — See Coriandrum. Oleum Cubebae. — See Cubeba. Oleum Erigerontis. Eng., Oil of Erigeron. Synonym, Oil of Fleabane. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). OLEUM CADIXUM. 235 Oleum Eucalypti. — See Eucalyptus. Oleum Fceniculi. — See Fceniculum. Oleum Gaultheriae. — See Acidum Salicylicum. Oleum Gossypii Seminis. Eng., Cotton-seed Oil. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Oleum Hedeomae. — See Hedeoma. Oleum Juniperi. — See p. 236. Oleum Lavandulae Florum. — See p. 237. Oleum Limonis. — See Limon. Oleum Lini. — See Linum. Oleum Menthae Piperitae.— See Mentha Piperita. Oleum Menthae Viridis. — See Mentha Viridis. Oleum Morrhuae. — See p. 238. Oleum Myristicae. — See Myristica. Oleum Olivae. — See p. 238. Oleum, Picis Liquidae. — See Pix Liquida. Oleum Ricini. — See p. 239. Oleum Rosae. — See Rosa. Oleum Rosmarini. Eng., Oil of Rosemary. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.). Oleum Sabinae. — See Sabina. Oleum Santali. Eng., Oil of Santal. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc.) . Oleum Sassafras. — See Sassafras. Oleum Sinapis Volatile. — See Sinapis. Oleum Terebinthinae. — See Terebinthina. Oleum Theobromatis. — See p. 241. Oleum Thymi. Eng., Oil of Thyme. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Oleum Tiglii.— See p. 241. OLEUM CADINUM. Latin, Oleum Cadinum. Eng., Oil of Cade. A product of the dry distillation of the wood of Juniper us oxycedrus. A brownish or dark-brown, thick liquid. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, irritant, expectorant. Uses. — Employed externally in the treatment of chronic skin diseases, as eczema, etc., and for parasitic diseases, as tinea and scabies. Administration. — It is usually prescribed w T ith other agents, and w r ell diluted with a bland ointment base. The following illustrates : 236 OLEUM JUXIPERI. 2 30 Used in the treatment of ringworm of the scalp : Ri or Betanaphtholis 055 Olei Cadini : Ung. Sulphuris q. s. oj M. Sig. — Apply as directed. Used as an antiparasitic : R? or Sulphuris Praecip 5ij Saponis Mollis. Olei Cadini aa. oj Adipis Benzoinati q. p. 0; M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of eczema of the feet and legs : B 3 or Phenolis gr. x : 5 Olei Cadini tt\x :5 Picis Liquidae gr. xx IJ3C Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. oi M. Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. 8 4 30 OLEUM JUNIPERI. Latin. Oleum Juniperi. Eng.. Oil of Juniper. A volatile oil dis- tilled from the wood of Juniperus communis. Ave Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc. . Official Preparations. Spiritus Juniperi. Eng., Spirit of Juniper. Contains 5 per cent, of the Oil. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Spiritus Juniperi Compositus. Eng.. Compound Spirit of Juniper. erage Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a diuretic, diaphoretic, stomachic, antiseptic, etc. Uses. — Has been used in the treatment of chronic nephritis, particularly when evidenced by drops}" for bronchitis, asthma, etc. 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. 3 Ohmann-Dumesnil : Diseases of the Skin. OLEUM LAVANDULAE FLORUM. 237 Administration. — Xot often prescribed. The following illus- trates a way of ordering: In the treatment of the laryngo-bronchial irritation of influenza : IM or Codeinae Sulph gr. iv [26 Ammonii Chlor 5v 19J00 Syr. Pruni Virg .' f£ij 60[00 Spir. Juniperi Comp q. s. fSiv 120J00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful even' three hours. OLEUM LAVANDULAE FLORUM. Latin, Oleum Lavandulae Florum. Eng., Oil of Lavender Flow- ers. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering tops of Lavan- dula' officinalis. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Official Preparations. Spiritus Lavandulae. Eng., Spirit of Lavander. Contains 5 per cent, of the Oil. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). Tinctura Lavandulae Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Laven- der. Oil of Lavander Flowers, 8 Cc; Oil of Rosemary, 2 Cc; Saigon Cinnamon, 20 Gm.; Cloves, 5 Gm.; Xutmeg, 10 Gm.; Red Sanders, 10 Gm.; Alcohol and water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Oil of Lavender Flowers is contained in several other official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. Uses. — Principally employed as an adjuvant and flavoring agent, particularly in preparations for the relief of neurasthenia, hysteria, flatulence, etc. Administration. — Xot often used. The following will illus- trate how it may be prescribed. In the treatment of acute indigestion : R2 or Tinct. Opii Camph fSiij 12 1 Spir. Ammonias Arom., Spir. JEtheris Comp aa. fSss 15 j Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. f§ij 60! M. Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. - Musser and Kellv: Practical Treatment. 238 OLEUM MORRHU.E. OLEUM OLIWE. OLEUM MORRHUAE. Latin. Oleum Morrhuae. Eng., Codliver Oil. A fixed oil ob- tained from the fresh livers of Gadus morrhua and other species of Gad us. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc.). Official Preparations. Emulsum Olei Morrhuae. Eng.. Emulsion of Codliver Oil. Contains 50 per cent, of the Oil. .vcrage Dose. — 2 fluidrachms B ZcJ). Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus. Eng., Emulsion of Codliver Oil with Hypophosphites. Codliver Oil, 500 Cc; Acacia, 125 Gm.; Calcium Hypophosphite, 10 Gm.; Potassium Hypophosphite. 5 Gm. ; Sodium Hypophosphite, 5 Gm. ; Oil of GaultHeria. 4 Cc. ; Water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, nutrient, tonic, alterative. Uses. — Extensively employed in the treatment of tubercu- losis, chronic bronchitis, rachitis, etc. Sometimes used externally for chronic skin diseases, as eczema. Administration. — A satisfactory way for the patient to take the emulsion is by first pouring into a graduated glass a table- spoonful of 'Beef, Iron and Wine/' and then pouring in the oil preparation. The wine envelops the thick emulsion so that it can be taken at one swallow, almost without taste. The wine preparation is, of course, of therapeutic advantage. Attention is directed to the so-called Wines of Codliver Oil and Tasteless Preparations that really contain none of the oil at all. The Emulsions of Codliver Oil, particularly the one with hypo- phosphites, are seldom prepared extemporaneously. They are thick and hard to pour from a small-mouth bottle : so it is usually best to prescribe a pint, the druggist then giving an original package and merely putting on a new label. OLEUM OLIV-ffi. Latin, Oleum Olivae. Eng.. Olive Oil. Synonym — Impure or imitation Olive Oil is frequently called Sweet Oil. A fixed oil ex- pressed from the ripe fruit of Olea Europara. Average Dose. — I rluidounce I 30 Cc). Olive Oil is employed in many official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, nutrient, emollient, lubricant. OLEUM RICINI. 239 Uses. — Employed in the treatment of tuberculosis, chronic constipation, obstructive jaundice, hyperchlorhydria, etc. Ex- ternally for indurative skin diseases, exanthematous eruptions, etc. It is a desirable vehicle for the solution or dilution of more active agents. Administration. — Olive Oil is often recommended by the pro- fession, but is seldom a prescription ingredient except as a sol- vent or diluent, as for croton oil, salol, etc. The following illustrates : In the treatment of orchitis complicating mumps : R or Guaiacolis ntxl 2 ! 5 Olei Olivas q. s. fSj 30|0 M. Sig. — Apply a teaspoonful as directed. OLEUM RICINI. Latin, Oleum Ricini. Eng., Castor Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Ricinns communis. Average Dase. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Castor Oil is contained in Flexible Collodion. Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, emollient, lubricant. Uses. — Probably the most valuable and extensively used pur- gative in medicine. Particularly indicated after parturition and operations, and for acute digestive disturbances. Externally used in the treatment of burns, ulcers, chronic indurative skin diseases, conjunctivitis, and many other conditions. Administration. — Among the various ways for the patient to take castor oil, probably the most satisfactory is to incorporate it with an ounce or two of the fresh or bottled pineapple-juice. It is also frequently taken in soda pop, orange-juice, etc. The claim is often made that a small dose occasions more abdominal inconvenience than a large one ; so many practitioners never give less than a tablespoonful to an average child over one year old. Castor Oil often exhibits a constipating effect after the purgative action ; so that it is sometimes advisable to give with it some cascara sagrada or other purgative. It is frequently recommended by the physician as a purgative, but it is so well known and generally kept by the laity that it is not so often a part of a regular prescription. It is sometimes employed locally either alone or with other agents. 240 OLEUM RICINI. The so-called "tasteless" Castor Oil may be ordered as follows: B or Olei Menth. Pip ntviij Benzosulphinidi gr. iv Olei Ricini q. s. f§iv 120 M. Sig. — Tablespoonful as directed. 50 26 00 An Emulsion of Castor Oil is said to be less unpleasant to take, and more active than the amount of oil it represents. $ or Olei Ricini f&v 120 Olei Gaultherise Ti\xv 1 Acacias 3j 30 Syrupi f3vj 24 Aquae q. s. f Svii j 240 M. ft. emul. Sig.— "Shake." Tablespoonful as directed. Oleum Mentha? Piperitae, Oleum Aurantii Corticis, Oleum Limonis or other flavors may be substituted for the Oleum Gaultheriae. In burns, diphtheria, etc., of the conjunctiva: 3 Olei Ricini f Sj Sig. — Drop in eyes every two hours. or 301 In a surgical dressing for burns, ulcers, etc. : Bal. Peruviani f 3iv Olei Ricini q. s. f 3iv M. Sig. — Apply freely as directed. or 15 120 In the treatment of seborrhcea capitis : Ri or Resorcinolis 3j Olei Ricini f 3j Alcoholis fBiv M. Sig. — Apply as directed. 4 4 120 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. OLEUM THEOBROMATIS. OLEUM TIGLII. 241 OLEUM THEOBROMATIS. Latin, Oleum Theobromatis. Eng., Oil of Theobroma. Syno- nym, Cocoa Butter. A fixed oil expressed from the roasted seeds of Theobroma cacao. Form. — A yellowish-white solid. Odor and Taste. — A faint, agreeable odor, and a bland, chocolate- like taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol (slightly soluble in absolute alcohol). Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, lubricant. Uses. — Principally employed as a vehicle in the manufacture of suppositories. It is particularly adapted to this purpose, as it is a rather firm solid at ordinary temperatures, but readily melts at the temperature of the body. Administration. — Suppositories with a base of Cocoa Butter should be kept in a cool place, and before inserting they may be dipped in olive oil. If they are long held in the fingers they become too soft to insert. The following prescription illustrates the use of the drug: B- or Ext. Opii gr. ij 1 130 Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j [065 Olei Theobromatis q. s. M. ft. suppos. no. iv. Sig. — Use one twice daily. Note that the amount of the oil is left to the discretion of the druggist. OLEUM TIGLII. Latin, Oleum Tiglii. Eng., Croton Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Croton tiglium. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Drastic purgative, irritant, pustulant. Uses. — Sometimes used to produce very active purgation, as in the treatment of uremia, apoplexy, taenia, etc. Administration. — This is seldom prescribed except in cases of emergency, as where prompt catharsis is needed and the patient is unable to swallow the ordinary purgath^es. It is usually di- luted with about 30 to 60 times its volume of olive oil, or incorporated with glycerin. 16 242 OPIUM. As an active purgative, useful when the patient is unable to swallow ordinary remedies : R or Olei Tiglii ttl viij |5 Olei Olivae q. s. fgj 30|0 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till effect. This can be administered under almost any circumstances by allowing a few drops at a time to trickle down the base of the tongue. As a purgative: n 1 or Olei Tiglii mj |06 Glycerini q. s. f Sj 30100 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every hour till bowels act. OPIUM. Latin, Opium (Gen., Opii). Eng., Opium. The concrete milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver somnifernm. Principal Constituents. — Morphine (9 per cent.), Codeine, etc. Incompatibles. — Alkalies, alkaline carbonates, salts of arsenic, copper, iron, lead, silver and zinc; mercuric chloride, tannic acid, potassium permanganate, lime-water, etc. Average Dose. — V/ 2 grains (0.100 Gm.). Official Preparations, Alkaloids and Salts. i Opii Pulvis. Eng., Powdered Opium. A dark-colored powder con- taining from 12 to 12.5 per cent, of morphine. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Opium Deodoratum. Eng., Deodorized Opium. Synonym, Denar- cotized Opium. Contains from 12 to 12.5 per cent, of morphine. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 3 Opium Granulatum. Eng., Granulated Opium. Contains 12 to 12.5 per cent, of morphine. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Acetum Opii. Eng., Vinegar of Opium. Synonym, Black Drop. Represents 10 per cent, of Powdered Opium (about 1.25 per cent, of morphine). Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. OPIUM. 243 Emplastrum Opii. Eng., Opium Plaster. Represents 6 per cent, of Extract of Opium. Extractum Opii. Eng., Extract of Opium. A dark-colored powder containing 20 per cent, of morphine. Average Dose. — 1 / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Pilulae Opii. Eng., Pills of Opium. Each pill contains 0.065 Gm. (1 grain) of Powdered Opium. Average Dose. — 1 pill. *-" Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii. Eng., Powder of Ipecac and Opium. Synonym, Dover's Powder. Powdered Opium, 10 Gm.; Ipecac, 10 Gm.; Sugar of Milk, 80 Gm. (Morphine about 1.25 per cent.) Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Tinctura Ipecacuanhas et Opii. Eng., Tincture of Ipecac and Opium. Represents 10 per cent, of deodorized Opium and 10 per cent, of Ipecac (about 1.25 per cent, morphine). /-"-^ Tinctura Opii. Eng., Tincture of Opium, Laudanum. Represents 10 per cent, of Granulated Opium (about 1.25 per cent, of morphine). Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). *^ Tinctura Opii Camphorata. Eng., Camphorated Tincture of Opium, Paregoric. Powdered Opium, 4 Gm.; Benzoic Acid, 4 Gm.; Camphor, 4 Gm.; Oil of Anise, 4 Cc; Glycerin, 40 Cc; Diluted Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. (about 0.05 per cent, of morphine). Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Tinctura Opii Deodorati. Eng., Tincture of Deodorized Opium. Represents 10 per cent, of Deodorized Opium (about 1.25 per cent, of morphine). Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. Eng., Troches of Glycyrrhiza and Opium. Each troche contains about 0.005 Gm. (%2 grain) of Opium. Vinum Opii. Eng., Wine of Opium. Synonym, Sydenham's Lauda- num. Represents 10 per cent, of granulated Opium (about 1.25 per cent, of morphine). Average Dose'. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Morphina. Eng., Morphine. An alkaloid obtained from Opium. (Opium contains not less than 9 per cent, of Morphine.) Form. — White prisms, needles or crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Bitter taste. Solubility. — In 3300 parts of water or 168 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles (also of the Salts of Morphine). — Alkalies, borates, chlo- rates, iodides, tannic acid, potassium permanganate, ferric chloride, gold and sodium chloride, lead acetate, lead subacetate, magnesia, mercuric chloride, spirit of nitrous ether, silver nitrate. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Morphinas Acetas. Eng., Morphine Acetate. Form. — A white or yellowish-white powder. 244 OPIUM. Odor and Taste. — Faint, acetous odor, and a bitter taste. Solubility. — In 2.25 parts of water or 21.6 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Morphina. Average Dose. — *4 grain (0.015 Gm.). Morphinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Morphine Hydrochloride. Form. — White needles or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. Solubility. — In 17.2 parts of water or 42 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Morphina. Average Dose. — *4 grain (0.015 Gm.). Morphinae Sulphas. Eng., Morphine Sulphate. Form. — White, feathery acicular crystals or cubical masses. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. Solubility. — In 15.3 parts of water or 465 of alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Morphina. Average Dose. — x /$ grain (0.015 Gm.). Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. Eng., Compound Powder of Mor- phine. Synonym, Tully's Powder. Contains 1.5 per cent, of Morphine. Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Codeina. Eng., Codeine. An alkaloid obtained from opium. Form. — White or nearly white crystals, prisms or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; faintly bitter taste. Solubility. — In 120 parts of water or 1.6 of alcohol. Incompatibles (also Salts of Codeine). — Alkalies, ammonium bromide or valerate, tannic acid, mercuric chloride ; salts of copper, iron or lead ; potas- sium permanganate, etc. Average Dose. — Yz grain (0.030 Gm.). Codeinae Phosphas. Eng., Codeine Phosphate. Form. — Xeedle-shaped crystals or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A bitter taste. Solubility. — In 2.25 parts of water or 261 of alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Codeina. Average Dose. — r / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Codeinae Sulphas. Eng., Codeine Sulphate. Form. — Xeedle-shaped crystals, prisms or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A bitter taste. Solubility. — In 30 parts of water or 1035 of alcohol. Incompatibles. — See Codeina. Average Dose. — J / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Apomorphine Hydrochloride. The hydrochloride of an alkaloid prepared from Morphine. Form. — Grayish-white powder, acquiring a greenish tint on exposure to the light and air. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, and a faintly bitter taste. Incompatibles. — See Morphina. Average Dose. — Expectorant, Ho grain (0.002 Gm.). Emetic, V\o grain (0.005 Gm.). OPIUM. 245 Unofficial Preparations. Heroina. Eng., Heroine. A diacetic ester prepared from Morphine. Form. — A colorless powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A slightly bitter taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water. Average Dose. — Mo grain (0.006 Gm.). Heroinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Heroine Hydrochloride. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a slightly bitter taste. Solubility. — In 2 parts of water. Soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — Mo grain (0.006 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, antispasmodic, anodyne, hypnotic, narcotic, diaphoretic. Use. — The employment of opium and its preparations and alkaloids covers almost the entire field of medicine. Some of the conditions in which they are particularly employed are renal and intestinal colic, abdominal inflammation, convulsions, diar- rhea, dysentery, cough, etc. Toxicology. — The usual symptoms of acute opium poisoning are drowsiness, deepening into coma ; slow pulse, contracted pupils, moist skin. During the stage of coma there is slow, ster- torous breathing. There may be vomiting. Treatment : The unabsorbed drug should be removed, preferably by washing out the stomach with a solution of potassium permanganate (1:3000). A pint of this should be left in the stomach. Caffeine is probably the best physiological antidote, and may be given in the form of coffee by mouth or rectum. Other measures are the use of ammonia by mouth and inhalation, atropine, strychnine or camphor by needle. Cold Avater to head and face, exercise, artificial respiration, etc. Apomorphine hydrochloride being a powerful hypnotic, should not be used as the emetic for opium poisoning except in cases of extreme emergency that are seen early. Administration. — Internally in solution. The preparations most frequently used are the Tincture, the Camphorated Tinc- ture and the Tincture of Deodorized Opium. Morphine Sul- phate and Acetate Codeine Phosphate, Apomorphine Hydro- chloride and Heroine Hydrochloride. For action upon the central nervous system the preparations usually employed are Morphine Sulphate, Codeine Phosphate, Tincture of Opium and Tincture of Deodorized Opium. Some methods of prescribing are shown in the following : 246 OPIUM. As a sedative, hypnotic, etc. : R or Codeinse Phosphatis gr. iv Elixiris Aromatici q. s. f Sj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary. 30 26 00 As a sedative, hypnotic, etc. : B- or Codeinse Phosph gr. ij Chlorali Hydrati gr. xl Sodii Bromidi gr. lxxx Aquae q. s. f 5 j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary. 1 13 2|50 5|00 30100 As a sedative in threatened abortion : fy or Chloridi Hydrati gr. xl Sodii Bromidi gr. lxxx Tinct. Opii Deod ti\x1 Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f Bj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful night and morning when necessary. 2 5 2 30 As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic : 3 1 or Codeinae Sulph gr. ss |03 Antipyrinae gr. xvj 1 100 Syr. Aurantii q. s. fSij 60100 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. (For child 2 years old.) For action upon the respiratory system Apomorphine Hydro- chloride is employed as a secretory stimulant. Heroine Hydro- chloride, Codeine Phosphate, Morphine Acetate and Camphorated Tincture of Opium are employed as sedatives. Heroine has the ad- vantage of being less depressing, generally not affecting the intestinal functions, etc. Some uses are shown in the following: 1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. OPIUM. 247 For an "irritative" cough : R or Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ij 113 Ammonii Chloridi 3iss 6|00 Syr. Ipecacuanhae f3ij 8|00 Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f&v 120[00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. For a "dry" cough : R or Apomorphinae Hydrochlor gr. ss |03 Potassii Citratis 3iv 15|00 Limonis Succi f3iv 15|00 Syr. Limonis q. s. f^iij 90J00 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. For an acute cough : $1 or Codeinae Sulph gr. iij Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3iij Syr. Tolutani f'Sss Aquae q. s. f 3ii j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. In the treatment of the laryngo-bronchial irritation of $2 or Codeinae Sulph gr. iv Ammonii Chlor 3y Syr. Pruni Virg fSij Spir. Juniperis Comp q. s. f§iv M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. In the treatment of bronchitis : R 3 or Tinct. Opii Camph., Spir. Vini Gallici, Glycerini aa. f.§j 30 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. |2 12'0 15|0 90 10 influenza |26 19|00 60100 120100 248 OPIUM. In the treatment of cough : B or Tinct. Opii Camph f 3iij 12 Spir. Chloroformi f3iss 6 Syrupi Tolutani f Sj 30 Aquae * q. s. f 3ii j 90 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. (For a child 5 years old.) In the treatment of spasmodic croup : (For child 2 years old). n 1 or Ammonii Bromidi 3ss 2 Tinct. Opii Camph f 3ss 2 Tinct. Belladon. Fol TTtxv 1 Syr. Tolutani f5j 30 Aquae q. s. f Si j 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. In the treatment of the cough of measles : $ 2 Potassii Citratis Sss Limonis Succi f Hj Tinct. Opii Camph., Syr. Ipecacuanhae aa. f3ij Syr. Tolutani , q. s. f 5i j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. or 15 30 60 For action upon the intestinal tract the Tincture of Opium, Tincture of Deodorized Opium, Camphorated Tincture of Opium and Morphine Sulphate are commonly used. Some preparations are shown in the following : In the treatment of diarrhea : Magnesii Sulph 3vj Tinct. Opii Deod f3j Acidi Sulph. Arom f3ij Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f^vj M. Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours till relieved. or 12 4 8 180 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. - Anders: Practice of Medicine. OPIUM. 249 Used in the treatment of acute indigestion: $1 or Tinct. Opii Camph f3iij 12| Spir. Ammoniae Arom., Spir. ^Etheris Comp aa. fHss 15 1 Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. fSij 60| M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved. In the treatment of catarrhal enteritis of childhood : W 2 or Bismuthi Subnitr gr. lxxx Tinct. Opii Deod Tt],xvj Misturae Cretae q. s. f Sij M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every two hours. 5| 1| 601 In the treatment of the diarrhea of typhoid fever: 3 3 or Bismuthi Subnitr gr. clx 10 Phenolis Liq iu_viij 5 Tinct. Opii Deod f3j 4 Mucil. Acaciae f §j 30 Aquae q. s. fSiv 120 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoonful every three hours. In the treatment of enterocolitis : B 4 or Bismuthi Subnitr 3iij 121 Tinct. Kino, Tinct. Opii Camph aa. f Siss 45 j Misturae Cretae q. s. f'Svj 180 M. Sig.— "Shake." Tablespoonful every three hours. Internally — Dry Form. — Powdered Opium and Powder of Ipecac and Opium, Morphine Sulphate and Codeine Phosphate and Sulphate are employed. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 250 OPIUM. For action upon the nervous system, the Morphine or Codeine Salts or Powdered Opium are used. For action upon the respiratory system, the Codeine Salts or Powder of Ipecac and Opium are more commonly employed. Some frequently used formulae are shown in the following: In the treatment of bronchitis : Ri or Heroinae Hydrochlor gr. ^ [016 Ammonii Chloridi, Terpini Hydratis aa. 3j 4|000 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One every three hours. Two at bedtime. In the treatment of coryza : 1*2 or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ss |03 Camphorae gr. vj |40 Quininae Sulph., Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii aa. gr. xij [80 M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One every half-hour for four hours, then one every three hours. Used as a diaphoretic in the treatment of colds and kindred conditions : B or Camphorae gr. v [32 Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. x |65 Quininae Hydrobrom gr. x [65 M. ft. cap. no. v. Sig. — Take at bedtime. In a prescription for the treatment of syphilis : $3 or Massae Hydrargyri gr. x |65 Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. x |65 Hydrarg. cum Cretae gr. xl 2|50 Extracti Opii gr. v [32 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Ibid. 3 White and Martin: Genitourinary and Venereal Diseases. OPIUM. 251 Used in the treatment of influenza : Ri or Phenylis Salicyl., Acetphenetidinse aa.gr. xlv 3|0 Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. viij 5 M. ft. cap. no. xv. Sig. — One every three hours. With purgative to prevent griping : H or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. v [32 Ext. Colocynth. Comp. gr. v |32 Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. x 165 M. ft. cap no. iv. Sig. — One every hour tonight. By Rectum. — The Extract of Opium is used in suppositories or the Tincture of Opium is administered in enemas. In the treatment of threatened abortion : I£ or Extracti Opii gr. ij 13 Olei Theobromatis q. s. M. ft. suppos. no. iv. Sig. — One night and morning. In the treatment of acute cystitis, pelvic peritonitis, etc. : fy or Ext. Belladon. Fol. . . . , gr. j 065 Ext. Opii gr. ij 130 Olei Theobromatis q. s. M. ft. suppos. no. iv. Sig. — One night and morning when necessary. The Tincture of Opium and Morphine are frequently used in preparations for external application. Some combinations are shown in the following: In the treatment of epididymitis : $2 or Tincturse Aconiti, Tincturse Opii aa. f S.j 30 Liq. Plumbi Subacet f Eij 8 Aquae Dest q. s. f %\] 180 M. Sig. — Keep applied on cotton. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 252 PANCREATIXUM. PARALDEHYDUM. In the treatment of erythema venenatum : Ri or Morphinae Sulph gr. v |32 Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4|00 Ung. Aquae Rosae . . . q. s. Bj 30[00 M. Sig. — Apply in a thin layer. In the treatment of gonorrhea : 1*2 or Zinci Sulphatis gr. xv 1 10 Plumbi Acetatis gr. xx 1 13 Tincturae Opii, Tincturae Catechu aa. f3ij 8|0 Aquae q. s. f3vj 180|0 M. Sig.— "Shake." Inject after urination. PANCREATINUM. Latin, Pancreatinum. Eng., Pancreatin. A mixture of enzymes naturally existing in the pancreas of warm-blooded animals, usually obtained from the fresh pancreas of the hog (Sus scrofa). A cream-colored powder having a faint, peculiar, not unpleasant odor and a somewhat meat-like taste. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Digestant. Uses. — To aid digestion and to predigest food. Not often prescribed as such, but is employed in the form of the various ready-prepared or proprietary preparations. PARAFFINUM. Latin, Paraffinum. Eng., Paraffin. A colorless, tasteless mass obtained from petroleum. PARALDEHYDUM. Latin, Paraldehydum. Eng., Paraldehyde. A colorless liquid having a strong characteristic odor and a burn- ing and cooling taste. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. PAREIRA. PEPO. 253 Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Paraldehyde is usually prescribed in the form of the National Formulary Preparation — Elixir Paraldehydi (X. F.). Eng., Elixir of Paraldehyde. Contains 25 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc.). Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic, antiseptic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of alcoholic psychoses, dementia, hysteria, etc. Administration. — The odor and taste of paraldehyde are often considered decidedly objectionable both by patient and attendants. Usually ordered as the Elixir alone, as in the following for the treatment of alcoholic psychosis, hysteria, etc. : R or Elixir Paraldehydi (X. F.) £fij 60| Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every three hours till effect. PAREIRA. Latin, Pareira. Eng., Pareira. Synonym, Pareira Brava. The dried root of Chondrodcndron tomentosum. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Pareirae. Eng., Fluidextract of Pareira. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, laxative. Uses. — Has been used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the genitourinary tract, as pyelitis, cystitis, gleet, etc. Seldom prescribed. PELLETIERINjE TANNAS. See Granatum, p. 176. PEPO. Latin, Pepo. Eng., Pepo. Synonym, Pumpkin Seed. The ripe seed of Cueurbita pepo. Average Dose. — 1 ounce (30 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Tsenifuge. Uses. — Sometimes used to remove tape-worms. Seldom pre- scribed, as more reliable agents are usually available. 254 PEPSINUM. PEPSINUM. Latin, Pepsinum (Gen. Pepsini). Eng., Pepsin. A proteolytic ferment or enzyme obtained from the glandular layer of the fresh stomach of the hog (Sus scrofa). Form. — White or yellowish scales, grains or powder. Odor and Taste. — Slight odor and taste. Solubility. — Soluble or almost entirely soluble in about 50 parts of water. More soluble in water acidulated with Hydrochloric Acid. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Alcohol, tannic acid, alkaline carbonates, etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Some Unofficial Preparations. Elixir Digestivum Compositum (N. F.). Eng., Compound Digestive Elixir. Synonym, Elixir of Lactated Pepsin. Pepsin, 10 Gm. ; Pan- creatin, 1 Gm.; Diastase, 1 Gm.; Lactic Acid, 0.5 Gm. ; Hydrochloric Acid, 1 Cc; Glycerin, 250 Cc; Water, 125 Cc; Tincture of Cudbear, 15 Cc; Talcum, 15 Gm. ; Aromatic Elixir, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Liquor Pepsini (N. F.). Eng., Solution of Pepsin. Contains Pepsin, Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, Glycerin and Water. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Liquor Pepsini Aromaticus (N. F.). Eng., Aromatic Solution of Pepsin. Contains about the same as Solution of Pepsin with the addi- tion of cloves, cinnamon, etc. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Pepsinum Saccharatum (N. F.). Eng., Saccharated Pepsin. Pepsin, 10 Gm.; Sugar of Milk, 90 Gm. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Digestant. Uses. — As an aid to gastric digestion and for the predigestion of foods. The value of many long-used Pepsin preparations and the necessity for often using it at all have been seriously ques- tioned by good authority. Administration. — The following are given more to illustrate the present employment of pepsin and its preparations than to offer the formulae for indiscriminate use : R or Liq. Pepsini Arom fSvj 180| Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water after meals. PEPSINUM. 255 Or: R or Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil fSvj Liq. Pepsini Arom q. s. fSvj M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water after meals. 23 1 180] Or: n or Tinct. Nucis Vom., Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil aa. f3iv 15 Liq. Pepsini Arom q. s. i'Bv'j 180 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. In digestive disturbance : n 1 or Pepsini 3ij Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil £3iiss Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, Glycerini aa. f 3iss Aquae q. s. f 3i j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 8 9 6 60 As a digestant : Pepsini 3iv Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil f 3iv Glycerini q. s. f Siv M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 151 15| 1201 To aid digestion : R3 or Pepsini 3j Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil f3iv Strychninae Sulph gr. ss Glycerini f§ss Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f-fiij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 00 00 03 00 90100 4 15 15 256 PETROLATUM. Or: Pepsini 3ij Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., Tinct. Xucis Vom., Glycerini aa. f Bj Aquae q. s. f 5vj M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. or 30 180 PETROLATUM. Latin, Petrolatum (Gen., Petrolati). Eng., Petrolatum. Syno- nym, Petroleum Jelly, Yaselin, Cosmoline, etc. A mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions from petroleum and purifying the residue. Form. — An unctuous mass, varying in color from yellowish to light amber. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Petrolatum Album. Eng.. White Petrolatum. A white, unctuous mass. Odor and Taste and Solubility. — Same as Petrolatum. Petrolatum Liquidum. Eng., Liquid Petrolatum. Synonym, Hydro- carbon Oil, etc. Form. — A colorless, oily liquid. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, lubricant, laxative. Uses. — Principally used as a vehicle and lubricant, though its emollient action is a factor in its selection. The Liquid Petrolatum is now extensively employed in the treatment of chronic constipation. Administration. — The following illustrates the employment of these agents : In the treatment of pruritus : Phenolis, Mentholis Petrolati M. tere bene. Sig. — Apply locally. or . .aa. gr. xx q. s. I] 1 30 3 00 lAshton: Practice of Gynecology. PHEXOL. In the treatment of scabies : Bi ■ or Sulphuris Prsecip., Betanaphtholis aa. 3ss 2 Petrolati q. s. I] 30 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. As a vehicle for a nasal spray : n or Camphorse gr. iv Eucalyptolis, 01. Pini Syl., 01. Menth. Pip aa. gtt. iv Petrolati Liq q. s. f Si v 120 M. Sig. — Spray nose every four hours. As a laxative : R or Petrolati Liq. Opt fBviij 240[ Sig. — Tablespoon ful night and morning. 257 00 13 13 00 PHENOL. Latin, Phenol (Gen., Phenolis). Eng., Phenol. Synonym. Car- bolic acid. Formula, C 6 H 5 OH. Obtained from coal-tar by fractional distillation and subsequent purification, or made synthetically. Form. — Colorless, needle-shaped crystals or crystalline mass, sometimes acquiring a reddish tint. Odor and Taste. — A characteristic, somewhat aromatic odor. When well diluted with water, a sweetish taste with a slightly burn- ing after-taste. Solubility. — In 19.6 parts of water. Freely soluble in alcohol, glycerin, oils, etc. Incompatiblcs. — Albumin, collodion, iron salts; when triturated with the following it yields a liquid or soft mass : acetanilide, acet- phenetidin, antipyrine. camphor, hydrated chloral, lead acetate, men- thol, phenyl salicylate, resorcinol, sodium phosphate, thymol, terpin hydrate, and urethane. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 17 258 PHENOL. Official Preparations. Phenol Liquefactum. Eng., Liquefied Phenol. A liquid composed of not less than 86.4 per cent, by weight of absolute Phenol and about 13.6 per cent, of water. Form. — A colorless liquid which may develop a slight reddish tint. Odor and Taste. — See Phenol. Solubility. — In 12 parts of water, miscible in all proportions with alcohol or glycerin. Incompatibles. — See Phenol. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Glyceritum Phenolis. Eng., Glycerite of Phenol. Liquefied Phenol, 20 Cc; Glycerin, 80 Cc. Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc). Unguentum Phenolis. Eng., Ointment of Phenol. Phenol, 3 Gm.; White Petrolatum, 97 Gm. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, local anesthetic, caustic. Uses. — Internally. — For nausea, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, etc. Locally. — For otitis media, ulcers, pruritus, endome- tritis, and various skin diseases. It is used for sterilizing instru- ments, excretions, etc. Toxicology. — Toxic amounts of liquefied phenol are fre- quently taken either through error or with suicidal intent. Among the symptoms are : Odor of the drug, the white areas around the mouth or on the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat, if patient is seen early. There may also be depres- sion, collapse, weak pulse, lowered temperature, and smoky- colored urine. Vomiting may occur. Large amounts may cause prompt collapse and death. Treatment : The stomach should be washed out with about a 20 per cent, solution of alcohol, then demulcents given and the patient stimulated with ammonia, strychnine, atropine, etc., as indicated. The body should be kept warm. Administration. — In prescribing it is desirable for the sake of correctness to remember that Phenol is a solid, so should be prescribed in grains, and that when it is desired to prescribe by minims, Liquefied Phenol must be specified. The former is the preparation that should be used in ointments, oily liquids, etc., while the latter is often the more convenient prepa- ration for other solutions. Unfortunate results have sometimes followed the prescribing of an excess of Phenol in an aqueous liquid. Not more than 5 per cent. PHENOL. 259 should be ordered in water unless glycerin is used to facilitate solu- tion. It has been claimed on good authority that it requires. several hours for complete solution of Phenol in water to take place ; so, if possible, it should be allowed to stand some time after mixing, before it is used. Ointments should always be made by melting both the Phenol crystals and the vehicle, and effecting the solution while in this state. Unpleasant results have frequently followed the use of an ointment made by the cold incorporation of the Liquefied Phenol with Petrolatum or other fatty vehicles. Solution may not be ef- fected, but small drops of the liquid distributed through the ve- hicle. Some methods of using Phenol are shown in the following: Solutions in water up to 5 per cent, may be ordered as : B or Phenolis Liq fSiss 6 Aquae Dest q. s. f 5iv 120 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. Solutions in water stronger than 5 per cent, may be ordered as : fy or Phenolis Liq fSiij 12| Glycerini f3iv 15 j Aquae Dest q. s. f3iv 120| M. Sig. — '"Poison." Appty as directed. As a local application in otitis : B or Phenolis Liq n^xxv Glycerini q. s. f 3 j M. Sig. — Two (2) drops in ear twice daily if necessary. 1|5 30|0 As a local application, as for tonsillitis, etc. : R or Phenolis Liq Tl\xxv Tinct. Iodi f 3iv Glycerini q. s. fSj M. Sig. — Apply as directed. 1 15 30 260 PHENOL. Used to allay itching in the treatment of smallpox : Ri or Phenolis Liq f 3j 4 Glycerini f 3j 4 Alcoholis fSj 30 Aquae q. s. f Si j 180 M. Sig. — Use locally. In the treatment of gonorrhea : R2 or Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss |03 Phenolis gr. xij 180 Zinci Phenolsulph gr. xxx 2|00 Aquas Dest q. s. fSvj 180(00 M. Sig.— "Not to be taken." Use as directed. Patient should be instructed to inject after urination. In the treatment of alopecia : 1*3 or Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 5 Phenolis gr. xx 13 Spir. Myrciae q. s. f §iv 120 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : li 4 or Bismuthi Subnitr gr. clx 10|0 Phenolis Liq TT\,viij |5 Tinct. Opii Deod £5j 4|0 Mucil. Acaciae fgj 30!0 Aquae q. s. fSiv 120|0 M. Sig.— "Shake." Teaspoon ful every three hours. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. - "White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. sstelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 4 Hughes: Practice of Medicine.. OFFICIAL PHEXOLSULPHOXATES. 261 In the treatment of skin lesions of syphilis : Ifci or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis 3j 4| Ung. Zinci Oxidi 3iv 15| Ung. Phenolis q. s. %] 30| M. Sig. — Apply locally. In the treatment of eczema of the feet and legs : W 2 or Phenolis gr. x |65 Olei Cadini tn.x |65 Picis Liquidse gr. xx 1 [30 Ung. Aquas Rosse q. s. Bj 30[00 M. Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. In the treatment of pruritus : R3 or Phenolis, Mentholis aa.gr. xx 1 13 Petrolati q. s. 5j 30|0 M. tere bene. Sig. — Apply locally. OFFICIAL PHENOLSULPHONATES. SODII PHENOLSULPHONAS. Eng., Sodium Phenolsulphonate. Synonym, Sodium Sulphocarbolate. Form. — Colorless prisms. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. Solubility. — In 48 parts of water or about 130 of alcohol. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). ZINCI PHENOLSULPHONAS. Eng., Zinc Phenolsulphonate. Synonym, Zinc Sulphocarbolate. Form. — Colorless prisms or crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. An astringent, metallic taste. Solubility. — In 1.7 parts of water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as intestinal antiseptic and astringent. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of diarrhea, dysen- tery, typhoid fever, etc. 1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. - Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 3 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 262 PHOSPHORUS. PHYSOSTIGMA. Administration. — These are usually prescribed in capsules, sometimes in solution. Tablets of various sizes are on the market, but are not as desirable as the other forms of administration. PHOSPHORUS. Latin, Phosphorus. Eng., Phosphorus. Average Dose. — % 2 s grain (0.0005 Gm.). Official Preparation. Pilulae Phosphori. Eng., Pills of Phosphorus. Each pill contains }4oo grain (0.0006 Gm.) of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 pill. Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a nerve stimulant and re- constituent. Uses. — Has been recommended for the treatment of rachitis, osteomalacia, neurasthenia, impotence, etc. Administration. — It is seldom if ever that Phosphorus should be prescribed as such by the physician, as few druggists are equipped to handle it. The official pills and many unofficial prepara- tions containing it can be obtained. Phosphorus is probably best ordered as : Pil. Phosphori no. c. Sig. — One after each meal. PHYSOSTIGMA. Latin, Physostigma. Eng., Physostigma. Synonym, Calabar Bean. The ripe seed of Physostigma vcncnositm. Average Dose. — \y 2 grains (0.100 Gm.). Official Preparations and Constituent. Extractum Physostigmatis. Eng., Extract of Physostigma. Average Dose. — % grain (0.008 Gm.). Tinctura Physostigmatis. Eng., Tincture of Physostigma. Repre- sents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Physostigminae Salicylas. Eng., Physostigmine Salicylate. Synonym, Eserine Salicylate. The Salicylate of an alkaloid obtained from Physostigma. Average Dose. — %4 grain (0.001 Gm.). PHYTOLACCA. PILOCARPUS. 263 Physostigminae Sulphas. Eng., Physostigmine Sulphate. Synonym, Eserine Sulphate. The sulphate of an alkaloid obtained from Physostigma. Average Dose. — Yq^ grain (0.001 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Myotic and peristaltic. Uses. — The salts of Physostigmine are used to contract the pupils in the treatment of various eye conditions, and to produce purgation and combat intestinal distention, particularly after ab- dominal operations and in peritonitis, eclampsia, etc. Administration. — The salts of Physostigmine are frequently employed by the physician hypodermically or otherwise, but are not often prescribed. PHYTOLACCA. Latin, Phytolacca. Eng., Phytolacca. Synonym, Pokeroot. The dried root of Phytolacca decandra. Average Dose. — Emetic, 15 grains (1 Gm.). Alterative, 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Phytolaccae. Eng., Fluidextract of Phytolacca. Average Dose. — Emetic, 15 minims (1 Cc). Alterative, \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, emetic, alterative. Uses. — Seldom employed. PILOCARPUS. Latin, Pilocarpus. Eng., Pilocarpus. Synonym, Jaborandi. The leaflets of Pilocarpus jaborandi or of Pilocarpus microphallus. Principal Constituents. — Contains not less than 0.5 per cent, of alkaloids, the most important of which is Pilocarpine. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation and Alkaloidal Salts. Fluidextractum Pilocarpi. Eng., Fluidextract of Pilocarpus. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Pilocarpine Hydrochloride. The hydrochloride of an alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus. Form. — Colorless crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A faintly bitter taste. Solubility. — In 0.3 part of water or 2.3 of alcohol. 264 PILULA. Incompatibles. — Alkalies, iodides, gold salts, mercuric and mercurous chloride, potassium permanganate, silver nitrate, tannic acid. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Pilocarpine Nitras. Eng., Pilocarpine Nitrate. Form, Odor, Taste and Incompatibility. — See Pilocarpine Hydrochloridum. Solubility. — In 4 parts of water or 60 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Diaphoretic, diuretic, sialagogue, myotic. Uses. — Its employment is largely confined to cases when prompt diaphoresis is urgently indicated, as in uremia, con- vulsions, etc. Administration. — Seldom prescribed. Its use is largely con- fined to hypodermic tablets of Pilocarpine administered by the physician himself. It should be remembered that it is a very dangerous drug. In the treatment of acute uremia : I* 1 or Pilocarpine Hydrochlor gr. j 065 Sparteine Sulph gr. iv 260 Inf. Digitalis fBij 60 000 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every half-hour till desired effect. PILULA— Pill. Pills are small, solid bodies of a globular, ovoid or lenticular shape, which are intended to be swallowed and thereby produce medicinal action. They may be ordered to be made up extempo- raneously by the druggist, or the ready-prepared pills may be used. The latter usually are coated with sugar, gelatin, chocolate, etc. The gelatin-coated pills are the most desirable, as a rule, for many reasons. Pills are hardly prescribed as much as formerly. Admin- istration of drugs in capsules possesses all the advantages and few of the disadvantages of the older method. There are, of course, some exceptions to this rule, as has been noted elsewhere. The fol- lowing fourteen pills are official : Pilulae Aloes. — See Aloe. Pilulae Aloes et Ferri. — See Aloe. Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches. — See Aloe. Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae. — See Aloe. 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. PIMENTA. PIPER. 265 Pilulae Asofoetidae. — See Asafcetida. Pilulae Catharticae Compositae. — See Colocynthis. Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabilis. — See Colocynthis. Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis. — See Ferrum. Pilulae Ferri Iodidi. — See Ferrum. Pilulae Laxativae Compositae. — See Aloe. Pilulae Opii. — See Opium. Pilulae Phosphori. — See Phosphorus. Pilulae Podophylli, Belladonnas et Capsici. — See Podophyllum. Pilulae Rhei Compositae. — See Rheum. PIMENTA. Latin, Pimenta. Eng., Pimenta. Synonyms, Allspice, Spice. The dried, nearly ripe fruit of Pimenta officinalis. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Constituent. Oleum Pimentae. Eng., Oil of Pimenta. A volatile oil. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. Uses. — Seldom employed medicinally. PIPER. Latin, Piper. Eng., Pepper. Synonym, Black Pepper. The dried, unripe fruit of Piper nigrum. Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Constituents. Oleoresina Piperis. Eng., Oleoresin of Pepper. Average Dose. — 1 / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). Piperina. Eng., Piperine. A feebly basic substance obtained from pepper and other related plants. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, stomachic, irritant. Uses. — Sometimes employed with other agents for its stomachic effect. Administration. — The following will illustrate the use of the drug. $1 or Arseni Trioxidi '. gr. ij 113 Piperis Pulv., Ext. Gentianae aa. 3i j 8100 M. ft. cap. no. lx. Sisr. — One after each meal. i Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 266 PIX LIQUIDA. PIX LIQUIDA. Latin, Pix Liquida (Gen., Picis Liquidae). Eng., Tar. A prod- uct obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of Pi nits palustris and other species of Pin us. Form. — A blackish-brown semi-liquid. Odor and Taste. — Empyreumatic, terebinthinate odor; sharp, empyreumatic taste. Solubility. — Only slightly soluble in water. Almost entirely sol- uble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 7 J / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparations. Syrupus Picis Liquidae. Eng., Syrup of Tar. Represents about 0.5 per cent, of tar. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc.). Unguentum Picis Liquidae. Eng., Tar Ointment. Contains 50 per cent, of tar. Oleum Picis Liquidae. Eng., Oil of Tar. A volatile oil distilled from tar. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, irritant, expectorant, di- uretic. Uses. — Tar or its preparations are used in the treatment of many skin diseases, particularly of the chronic type ; also for coughs, bronchitis and kindred conditions. Administration. — The following will illustrate the manner of prescribing: In the treatment of eczema of the feet and legs : $i or Phenolis gr. x Olei Cadini • tt|,x Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 Ung. Aquae Rosae 5j 30 M. Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. 65 65 30 00 1 Ohinann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. PLUMBUM. 267 In the treatment of ecthyma: I^i or Acidi Borici gr. x 65 Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 00 Picis Liquidse gr. xx 1 30 Ung. Aquse Rosae q. s. Bj 30 00 M. Sig. — Apply on a cloth twice a day. PLUMBUM. The metal is not official, but the Pharmacopoeia contains the fol- lowing : Official Salts and Preparations. PLUMBI ACETAS. Eng., Lead Acetate. Synonym, Sugar of Lead. Form. — Colorless prisms, plates or powder. Odor and Taste. — A faintly acetous odor and a sweetish, astringent, after- ward metallic taste. Solubility. — In 2 parts of water or 30 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Acids, alkalies, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, iodides, phosphates, sulphates, sulphites, tartrates, hydrated chloral, resorcinol, phenol, etc. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Eng., Solution of Lead Sub- acetate. Synonym, Goulard's Extract. An aqueous liquid containing about 25 per cent, of Lead Subacetate. Incompatibles. — See Plumbi Acetas. LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS DILUTUS. Eng., Dilute Solution of Lead Subacetate. Synonym, Lead-water. An aqueous solu- tion containing about 1 per cent, of Lead Subacetate. • CERATUM PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Eng., Cerate of Lead Sub- acetate. Synonym, Goulard's Cerate. Contains about 5 per cent, of Lead Subacetate. PLUMBI IODIDUM. Eng., Lead Iodide. Form. — A heavy, yellow powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — In 1300 parts of water. PLUMBI NITRAS. Eng., Lead Nitrate. Form. — Colorless crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless, and a sweetish, astringent, afterward metallic taste. Solubility. — In 18.5 parts of water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. PLUMBI OXIDUM. Eng., Lead Oxide. Synonym, Litharge. Form. — A yellowish powder. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 268 PLUMBUM. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water or alcohol. EMPLASTRUM ADHESIVUM. Eng., Adhesive Plaster. EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI. Eng., Lead Plaster. Synonym, Diachy- lon Plaster. Lead Acetate, 60 Gm. ; Soap, 100 Gm. ; Water, sufficient quantity. UNGUENTUM DIACHYLON. Eng., Diachylon Ointment. Lead Plaster, 50 Gm.; Oil of Lavender Flowers, 1 Gm.; Olive Oil, 49 Gm. Lead Plaster is also contained in some other preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Astringent and local sedative. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, gonorrhea, vaginitis, various skin diseases, bruises, sprains, erysipelas, local infections, etc. Administration. — Lead Acetate and the solutions of the Sub- acetate are the preparations most frequently used. In the treatment of furuncle : IM Ichthyolis 3j Empl. Plumbi 3ij Empl. Resinae 3j M. Sig. — Apply as directed. or In the treatment of epididymitis Tincturae Aconiti, Tincturae Opii, Liq. Plumbi Subacet Aquae Dest M. Sig. — Keep applied on cotton. . . aa. foij q. s. fSvj or 1801 In the treatment of gonorrhea : B3 or Zinci Sulphatis gr. xv Plumbi Acetatis gr. xx Tincturae Opii, Tincturae Catechu aa. f 3i j Aquae q. s. f Sv j M. Sig— "Shake." Inject after urination. 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases, s Ibid. 1|0 13 2|0 18010 PODOPHYLLUM. 269 PODOPHYLLUM. Latin, Podophyllum. Eng., Podophyllum. Synonyms, May Apple, Mandrake. The dried rhizome of Podophyllum p citatum. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Podophylli. Eng., Fluidextract of Podophyllum. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Resina Podophylli. Eng., Resin of Podophyllum. Synonym, Podo- phyllin. Form. — A yellowish powder. Odor and Taste. — Slight odor and bitter taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — Purgative, ~V± grain (0.015 Gm.). Laxative, Yio grain (0.005 Gm.). Resin of Podophyllin is contained in the Vegetable Cathartic Pills and in Pills of Podophyllum, Belladonna and Capsicum. Therapeutic Action. — Drastic purgative, said to be chola- Uses. — Podophyllum, or more commonly the resin, is used to produce purgation, particularly when there are evidences of deficient bile. As its taste, odor and action are rather unpleasant, its usefulness is questionable. Administration. — The Resin of Podophyllum is the prepa- ration most frequently used. It is seldom employed alone, as when given in sufficient doses it is apt to produce nausea and griping. It is often ordered in small doses with other agents to increase their purgative action. A frequently used combination : I* or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. ij 13 Res. Podophylli gr. ss 03 Sodii Bicarb gr. x 65 M. ft. cap. no. iv. Sig. — One every hour. In the treatment of constipation : U 1 or Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. x l 2|50 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij 113 Resina? Podophylli gr. ij 13 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One at bedtime. lAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 2/0 POTASSIUM. As a laxative : $1 or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j 065 Res. Podophylli gr. j 065 Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xx 1 300 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One at bedtime. POTASSIUM. The metal is not official, but the Pharmacopoeia contains the fol- lowing official salts and preparations: POTASSII ACETAS. Eng., Potassium Acetate. Form. — A white powder or crystalline masses. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A warming, saline taste. Solubility. — In 0.4 part of water or 2 parts of alcohol. Incompatibles. — Mineral acids. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, refrigerant. Uses. — It is used in the treatment of chronic nephritis, dropsy, etc. Administration. — This salt should always be prescribed in solution. In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : R2 or Potassii Acetatis 5j 4| Infnsi Digitalis q. s. fSij 60 M. Sig. — Tablespoon ful every three hours. In the treatment of Ascites : $3 or Potassii Acetatis Bj 30| Spir. yEtheris Nit f3ss 15| Inf. Digitalis q. s. fSiv 1201 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every six hours. 1 Ashton : Practice of Gynecology. 2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. POTASSIUM. 271 A frequently used combination is the pharmaceutical prepara- tion ordered as : U or Elix. Buchu, Junip. et Pot. Acet f&v 120 1 Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours. POTASSII BICARBONAS. Eng., Potassium Bicarbonate. Form. — Colorless prisms or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a saline taste. Solubility. — In 3 parts of water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antacid, diuretic. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, nephritis, etc. Administration. — The following is a method of giving dry agents to form fresh ferrous carbonate in the stomach. I*i or Ferri Sulph. Exsic., Potassii Bicarb a a. 3j 41 M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One after each meal. POTASSII BITARTRAS. Eng., Potassium Bitartrate. Synonym, Cream of Tartar. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Pleasant, acidulous taste. Solubility. — In about 200 parts of water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — Diuretic, 30 grains (2 Gm.). Potassium Bitartrate is contained in Compound Powder of Jalap. Therapeutic Action. — Aperient, diuretic. Uses. — It is a pleasant agent to produce elimination, as in hypertension, nephritis, dropsy, etc. ; also is extensively employed as a mild laxative in chronic constipation. Administration. — A pleasant method of administering is the following, for chronic constipation. I* or Potassii Bitartratis 3ij 601 Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of lemonade on arising. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 272 POTASSIUM. Or it is frequently ordered : B or Potassii Bitartratis 3j 30 Sodii Sulphatis Si j 60 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of lemonade on arising. This is best taken hot. Hot water is often used instead of the lemonade. POTASSII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. POTASSII CARBONAS. Eng., Potassium Carbonate. Synonym, Salt of Tartar. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A strong, alkaline taste. Solubility. — In 9.1 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles.— Acids and most salts. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antacid, irritant. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of alopecia, ichthy- osis, etc. Seldom prescribed. POTASSII CHLORAS. Eng., Potassium Chlorate. Form. — Colorless prisms, plates or a granular powder. Solubility. — In 16 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Iron iodide, sulphuric acid, tartaric acid, etc. Should not be triturated with easily oxidizable substances, as sulphur, tannic acid, etc. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Trochisci Potassii Chloratis. Eng., Troches of Potassium Chlorate. Each troche contains 2 l / 2 grains (0.15 Gm.) of the drug. Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an astringent and as a dis- infectant and stimulant to mucous membrane. Uses. — Its employment is almost confined to the treatment of diseases of the throat and mouth, as tonsillitis, laryngitis, diphtheria, stomatitis, etc. Administration. — When the local action on the mucous mem- brane of the mouth and throat is particularly desired, potassium chlorate may be ordered, as : Troch. Potas. Chloratis no. xx Sig. — Use one every three hours as directed. Or: Tab. Potas. Chloratis (3 gr.) no. xx Sig. — Use one every three hours as directed. These are allowed to dissolve in the mouth and the saliva swallowed. POTASSIUM. 273 The official troches are not always stocked by the smaller drug- stores. In the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc. : B or Potassii Chloratis gr. l 3 Tinct. Ferri Chlor foiij 12 Acidi Sulphurosi, Glycerini aa. f3iv 15 j Aquae q. s. f Hii j 90 1 M. Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every four hours. In the treatment of stomatitis : $i or Potassii Chloratis ' gr. xxiv 1]5 Syrupi Aurantii flj 3010 Aquae q. s. fSiij 9010 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. (For child 4 years old.) In the treatment of stomatitis (child 3 years old) : $2 or Potas. Chloratis gr. xxiv Tinct. Myrrhae ir^x Syr. Acaciae fSij Aquae q. s. fSiij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 1|50 165 60|00 90100 POTASSII CITRAS.— See Citrates, p. 19. Potassii Citras Effervescens. — See Citrates, p. 19. Liquor Potassii Citratis. — See Citrates, p. 19. POTASSII CYANIDUM.— See Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, p. 24. POTASSII DICHROMAS. Eng., Potassium Dichromate. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). POTASSII FERROCYANIDUM. Eng., Potassium Ferrocyanide. Average Dose. — 7^> grains (0.500 Gm.). POTASSII HYDROXIDUM. Eng., Potassium Hydroxide. Syno- nym, Caustic Potash. Form. — White, or nearly white flakes, fused masses or pencils. Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless. A very acrid and caustic taste. Solubility. — In 0.4 part of water or 2 parts of alcohol. 1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 18 274 POTASSIUM. Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi. Eng., Solution of Potassium Hydroxide. An aqueous solution containing 5 per cent, of Potassium Hydroxide. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Caustic, antacid. Uses. — Sometimes used for its caustic effect in the treatment of warts, callosities, ulcers, cancers, etc. Seldom, prescribed. POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Hypophosphites, p. 25. POTASSII IODIDUM.— See Iodides, p. 202. POTASSII NITRAS. Eng., Potassium Nitrate. Synonym, Saltpetre. Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. POTASSII PERMANGANAS. Eng., Potassium Permanganate. Form. — Purple-colored prisms. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Taste at first sweet, but afterwards dis- agreeable and astringent. Solubility. — In 15 parts of water. Decomposed by alcohol. Incompatibles. — Organic matter, mineral acids, ammonia, arsenites, bro- mides, chlorides, hypophosphites, hyposulphites, sulphites, ferrous salts, hydro- gen- dioxide, mercurous salts, etc. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Germicide, disinfectant, deodorant. Uses. — Sometimes used for disinfecting the hands for opera- tions. Extensively employed as a wet dressing for infected wounds, erysipelas, etc. Used by irrigation for gonorrhea, cystitis, vaginitis, pelvic congestion, etc. A remedy for snake-bite. Used as a deodorant for cast-off dressing, sinks, etc. Administration. — As an irrigation for gonorrhea, cystitis etc., it is usually employed in aqueous solution about 1 : 20,000 to 1 : 3000 strength. As a vaginal douche or wet dressing the strength is commonly about 1 : 5000. It should be remembered that it will stain clothing or the skin. The stains may be removed by solution of oxalic acid. The following illustrates the method of prescribing : As a vaginal douche : R. or Potas. Permanganatis gr. cl 10J0 Aquae Destillatse q. s. fjjvj 180|0 M. Sig. — Use tablespoon ful to gallon of hot water as directed. This makes a solution of about 1 : 5000. PRUNUM. PRUXUS VIRGINIANA. 275 POTASSII SULPHAS. Eng., Potassium Sulphate. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS. Eng., Potassium and Sodium Tartrate. Synonym, Rochelle Salts. Form. — White powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline taste. Solubility. — In 12 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Pulvis Effervescens Compositus. Eng., Compound Effervescing Powder, Seidlitz Powder. These are prepared in sets of one blue and one white paper. Each blue paper contains Potassium and Sodium Tartrate, 7.75 Gm. (120 grains) ; Sodium Bicarbonate, 2.58 Gm. (40 grains). Each white paper contains Tartaric Acid 2.25 Gm. (35 grains). Average Dose. — 1 set of two powders. Therapeutic Action. — Purgative (saline and hydragogue). Uses. — Potassium and sodium tartrate, usually in the form of seidlitz powder, is a popular and pleasant purgative. Administration. — The two powders of a seidlitz powder are dissolved in separate glasses about a fourth full of water; then the contents of the glasses are mixed and swallowed while still effervescing. It is best taken before breakfast. LIQUOR POTASSII ARSENITIS.— See Arsenum, p. 70. PRUNUM. Latin, Prunus Yirginiana. Eng., Wild Cherry. The bark of Prunus domestica. Prune is contained in Confection of Senna. Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, nutrient. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of constipation. Fre- quently recommended, but not a prescription ingredient. PRUNUS VIRGINIANA. Latin, Primus Yirginiana. Eng., Wild. Cherry. The bark of Primus serotina. Principal Constituents. — Amygdalin (which yields with water, hydrocyanic acid, etc.), tannic acid. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianae. Eng., Fluidextract of Wild Cherry. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). 276 PULVIS. PYRETHRUM. Infusum Pruni Virginianae. Eng., Infusion of Wild Cherry. Rep- resents 4 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 2 fluidounces (60 Cc.). Syrupus Pruni Virginianae. Eng., Syrup of Wild Cherry. Represents 15 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic and sedative. Uses. — Frequently used in cough preparations and in tonics. Administration. — The syrup is the preparation most fre- quently used. It is seldom prescribed alone, but is used as a vehicle, particularly for tonic and expectorant preparations. $ or Heroinae Hydrochlor gr. j 065 Ammonii Chlor 3ij 8 000 Syr. Ipecacuanhas fSj 4 000 Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f&ij 90 000 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. PULVIS— Powder. The official powders are mixtures of powdered medicinal sub- stances. The following nine are official : Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus. — See Acetanilidum. Pulvis Aromaticus. — See Cinnamomum. Pulvis Cretae Compositus. — Calcium. Pulvis Effervescens Compositus. — See Potassii et Soclii Tartras. Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus. — See Glycyrrhiza. Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii. — See Opium. Pulvis Jalapae Compositus. — See Jalapa. Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. — See Opium. Pulvis Rhei Compositus. — See Rheum. PYRETHRUM. Latin, Pyrethrum. Eng., Pyrethrum. Synonym, Pellitory. The root of Anacyclus pyrethrum. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Tinctura Pyrethri. Eng., Tincture of Pyrethrum. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. PYROGALLOL. PYROXYLINUM. QUASSIA. 277 Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, sternutatory, sialagogue. Uses. — Recommended principally for scurvy, and for relaxed and other conditions of the mouth and throat. Seldom prescribed. PYROGALLOL. See Galla, p. 168. PYROXYLINUM. Latin, Pyroxylinum. Eng., Pyroxylin. Synonym, Guncotton. QUASSIA. Latin, Quassia. Eng., Quassia. The wood of Picrasma excelsa. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.5 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Quassiae. Eng., Extract of Quassia. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Fluidextractum Quassiae. Eng., Fluidextract of Quassia. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.5 Cc). Tinctura Quassiae. Eng., Tincture of Quassia. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, bitter tonic. Uses. — Sometimes used for loss of appetite, dyspepsia, etc. By enema it is used for pinworms. It is a vegetable bitter that can be prescribed with iron. The solution turns dark, but does not give a precipitate. Administration. — The following illustrates one of the most frequent uses of the drug. As an enema in the treatment of pinworms : U or Quininse Bisulph 3j 4| Tinct. Quassias fSij 60 M. Sig. — Use two (2) tablespoonfuls to quart of warm water as directed. Or: 3 or Quininae Bisulph 3ss 2| Quassiae Sj 301 M. Sig. — Make a tea and use as directed. Patient is instructed to add one or two quarts of boiling water and let stand until cool enough to use, then strain. 2/8 QUERCUS. QUILLAJA. QUININE. These enemas are usually preceded by an active purgative and repeated in a few days. QUERCUS. Latin, Quercus. Eng., White Oak. The dried bark of Quercus alba. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Quercus. Eng., Fluidextract of Quercus. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent and styptic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. QUILLAJA. Latin, Quillaja. Eng., Quillaja. Synonym, Soap Bark. The dried bark of Quillaja saponaria. Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Quillajae. Eng., Fluidextract of Quillaja. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.5 Cc). Tinctura Quillajae. Eng., Tincture of Quillaja. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Therapeutic Action. — Sternutatory irritant, expectorant. Uses. — Quillaja is frequently used by the pharmacist in manufacturing, but is seldom prescribed as such. QUININE BISULPHAS. See Cinchona, p. 126. QUININE HYDROBROMIDUM. See Cinchona, p. 126. QUINTNJE HYDROCHLORIDUM. See Cinchona, p. 126. QUININE SALICYLAS. See Cinchona, p. 126. QUININE SULPHAS. See Cinchona, p. 126. RESIXA. RESORCIXOL. 279 RESINA— Resin. With the exception of the official Resina, a resin is a powder con- sisting principally of the resinous principles of a vegetable drug. They are prepared by adding water to the alcoholic preparation of a drug and collecting, drying and powdering the precipitate. So they consist of those principles which are soluble in alcohol and insoluble in water. The following four are official : Resina. — See Terebinthina. Resina Jalapae. — See Jalapa. Resina Podophylli. — See Podophyllum. Resina Scammonii. — See Scamnionium. RESORCINOL. Latin, Resorcinol (Gen., Resorcinolis). Eng., Resorcinol. Synonym, Resorcin. A diatomic phenol. Form. — Colorless needle-shaped crystals acquiring a pinkish tint on exposure to air and light. Odor and Taste. — A peculiar odor and a sweetish and afterward bitter taste. Solubility. — In 9.8 parts of water; more soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Acetanilide, alkalies, antipyrine, camphor, ferric chloride, menthol, spirit of nitrous ether, urethane, etc. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Germicide. Uses. — Sometimes given internally, as for intestinal fermen- tation, gastritis, etc. ; but its use is principally confined to the treatment of skin diseases, as alopecia, tinea, scabies, etc. Administration. — Internally. — Resorcin, if administered by mouth, is best given in solution well diluted. Externally. — It is used both in solution and in ointments. It is most commonly combined with other agents. In the treatment of alopecia : B 1 or Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 5 Quininae gr. xv 10 Olei Ricini ntxx 1 3 Alcoholis q. s. f5iv 120 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. i Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 280 RHAMXUS PURSHIAXA. In the treatment of alopecia: Ri or Resorcinolis gr. lxxx Phenolis gr. xx Spir. Myrciae q. s. fSiv M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of seborrhcea capitis : R2 or Resorcinolis 3j Olei Ricini f 3j Alcoholis f 3iv M. Sig. — Apply as directed. In the treatment of ecthyma : B3 or Resorcinolis 3j Acidi Borici 3ij Glycerini f3j Alcoholis f3iv Aquae q. s. f Bviij M. Sig. — Apply freely. In the treatment of scabies : $ or Resorcinolis gr. xv Ung. Sulphuris 3ij Petrolati q. s. f 5j M. Sig. — Apply as directed. 5|0 1|3 12010 41 4] 120|0 4| 15] 2401 1 8 30 RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. Latin, Rhamnus Purshiana. Eng., Cascara Sagrada. The dried bark of Rliamnus purshiana. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Rhamni Purshianae. Eng., Extract of Cascara Sagrada. Form. — A dark-colored powder. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. RHAMXUS PURSHIANA. 281 Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada. Represents the same strength of the drug as the fluidextract and contains, in addition, aromatics. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, stomachic, tonic. Uses. — Extensively used alone or in combination with other agents to produce purgation. Particularly serviceable in the treat- ment of chronic constipation. Administration. — All three of these preparations are exten- sively used. The fluidextract and the aromatic fluidextract are more commonly employed alone and administered three times a day, particularly when the effort' is to correct a chronic con- stipation. The dose may often be gradually decreased until the drug is entirely discontinued, while the improved physical con- dition continues. The simple fluidextract is very bitter, so given three times a day it exercises a tonic effect aside from its laxative action. The aromatic fluidextract is supposed to represent the same strength of the drug, but many prescribers claim that its purgative action is decidedly less than that of the other preparation. The U. S. P. av- erage dose is frequently exceeded, particularly when the fluidex- tracts are ordered alone. The extract is seldom ordered alone, but is frequently used with other agents. It is preferably administered in capsules. The crude drug is seldom if ever prescribed. As a tonic and laxative : n or Flext. Rhamni Pursh f 3j 301 Glycerini, Elix. Aromatici aa. f§ss 151 M. Sig. — Teaspoon ful after meals. Or: R or Flext. Rhamni Pursh. Arom., Glycerini aa. fSss 15 1 Ext. Malti q. s. f&j 60 1 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful after meals. 282 RHEUM. Or: $ or Flext. Rhamni Pursh. Arom. f§j 30| Sig. — Teaspoonful at bedtime. As a laxative in the treatment of acne : $1 or Flext. Rhamni Pursh., Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa f3iij 12 Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij 90 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. In capsules in combination with other purgatives : R or Atropinae Sulph gr. %oo 0006 Strychninae Sulph gr. Yso 0002 Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. v 3200 Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. vj 4000 M. ft. cap. no. iv. Sig. — One every hour. In the treatment of constipation : $2 or Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij |13 Resinae Podophylli gr. ij j 13 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xl 2150 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sis:. — One at bedtime. RHEUM. Latin, Rheum (Gen., Rhei). Eng., Rhubarb. The dried rhizome of Rheum officinalis, R. palmatum, etc. Principal Constituents. — Chrysophan, rheotannic acid, etc. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Rhei. Eng., Extract of Rhubarb, A soft solid. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Fluidextractum Rhei. Eng., Fluidextract of Rhubarb. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 2Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. RHUS GLABRA. 283 Mistura Rhei et Sodae. Eng., Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda. Sodium Bicarbonate, 35 Gm.; Fluidextract of Rhubarb, 15 Cc.; Fluidextract of Ipecac, 3 Cc; Spirit of Peppermint, 35 Cc; Glycerin, 350 Cc; Water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Pilulae Rhei Compositae. Eng., Compound Pills of Rhubarb. Each Pill contains 0.13 Gm. (2 grains) of Rhubarb with Aloes, Myrrh and Peppermint. Average Dose. — 2 pills. Pulvis Rhei Compositus. Eng., Compound Powder of Rhubarb. Rhubarb, 25 Gm.; Magnesium Oxide, 65 Gm.; Ginger, 10 Gm. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Syrupus Rhei. Eng., Syrup of Rhubarb. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug with Potassium Carbonate and Cinnamon. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. Eng., Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. Rep- resents 3 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Tinctura Rhei. Eng., Tincture of Rhubarb. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Tinctura Rhei Aromatica. Eng., Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, stomachic, also astringent. Uses. — Rhubarb is still a popular purgative with the laity. It is sometimes prescribed by the profession, but usually as an adjuvant for other agents. Its secondary effect is astringent. Administration. — Powdered Rhubarb is sometimes used with other purgative agents, and the other preparations are occasionally employed. The taste is disagreeable. In combination with other purgatives : n or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis., Rhei Pulv., Fel. Bovis Insp aa. gr. v 320 Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j 065 M. ft. cap. no. iij. Sig. — One every hour. RHUS GLABRA. Latin, Rhus Glabra. Eng., Rhus Glabra. Synonym, Shumach. The dried fruit of Rhus glabra. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 284 ROSA GALLICA. Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae. Eng., Fluidextract of Rhus Glabra. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Has been recommended for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, stomatitis, etc. Seldom prescribed. ROSA GALLICA. Latin, Rosa Galliea. Eng., Red Rose. The dried petals of Rosa gallica. Principal Constituents. — Volatile oil, etc. Official Preparations. Confectio Rosae. Eng., Confection of Rose. Red Rose, 80 Gm.; Sugar, 640 Gm.; Clarified Honey, 120 Gm.; Stronger Rose Water, 160 Cc. Fluidextractum Rosae. Eng., Fluidextract of Rose. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Mel Rosae. Eng., Honey of Rose. Fluidextract of Rose, 120 Cc; Clarified Honey, to make 1000 Gm. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Syrupus Rosae. Eng., Syrup of Rose. Represents 12.5 per cent, of the drug. Oleum Rosae. Eng., Oil of Rose. Synonym, Attar of Rose. A volatile oil. Aqua Rosae. Eng., Rose Water. Stronger Rose Water and Distilled Water equal parts. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Aqua Rosae Fortior. Eng., Stronger Rose Water. Water saturated with the volatile Oil of Rose petals b}' distillation. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Unguentum Aquae Rosae. Eng., Ointment of Rose Water. Synonym, Cold Cream. Spermaceti, 125 Gm.; White Wax, 120 Gm.; Expressed Oil of Almond, 560 Gm.; Stronger Rose W r ater, 190 Cc; Sodium Borate, 5 Gm. Therapeutic Action. — Rose is a mild astringent and stomachic. Uses. — The preparations are extensively employed as vehicles and flavors. Administration. — These preparations are used almost exclu- sively as vehicles, and to disguise unpleasant tastes and odors. The Confection, Honey and Syrup are not used in some neigh- borhoods with enough frequency to enable the smaller drug- stores to keep a fresh supply on hand. Rose Water and the ROSA GALLICA. 285 Ointment of Rose Water are very desirable vehicles, and can usually be supplied in good condition by any pharmacy. As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of erythema vene- natum : or Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x Adrenalin Chlondi (Sol. 1:1000) f&ss 15 Aquae Rosas q. s. f 3vj 180 M. Sig. — Apply every two hours. 65 00 00 As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of chapped face and hands : Phenolis Liq ttl x Glycerini f3j Alcoholis fSj Aquae Rosae q. s. f Biv M. Sig. — Apply after bathing. or 30 30 120 65 00 00 00 As a flavor in a prescription for the treatment of salivation : B 2 or Acidi Borici, Acidi Tannici aa. gr. xl 2|5 Mellis Rosae f3ij 60|0 Aquae q. s. fHvj 180|0 M. Sig. — Use as a mouth-wash every two hours. As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of eczema of the scrotum : B 3 or Camphorae, Chlor^li Hydrati aa gr. xx 1 13 Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 JO Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j 3010 M. Sig. — Apply liberally several times a day. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 3 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 286 RUBUS. SABAL. As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of eczema of the feet and legs : Ri or Phenolis gr. x 65 Olei Cadini n\x 65 Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 30 Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. Sj 30 M. Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. RUBUS. Latin, Rubus. Eng., Rubus. Synonym, Blackberry. The dried bark of the rhizome of several species of Rubus. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Rubi. Eng., Fluidextract of Rubus. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Syrupus Rubi. Eng., Syrup of Rubus. Represents 25 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. Uses. — Recommended for diarrhea, and locally for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, etc. Seldom prescribed. SABAL. Latin, Sabal. Eng., Sabal. Synonym. Saw Palmetto. The par- tially dried ripe fruit of Serenoa serrulata. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Sabal. Eng., Fluidextract of Sabal. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, expectorant. Uses. — Sabal is a constituent of some of the popular pharma- ceutical preparations for genito-urinary diseases, as cystitis, urethritis, etc. It is also recommended for chronic bronchitis, asthma, etc. Administration. — The most frequently used preparation is the Elixir of Saw Palmetto and Santal Co., which is prescribed alone. 1 Ohraann-Duniesnil: Diseases of the Skin. SABINA. SACCHARUM LACTIS. 287 SABINA. Latin, Sabina. Eng., Savin. The tops of Juniperus sabina. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.5 Gm.). Official Constituent. Oleum Sabinae. Eng., Oil of Savin. A volatile oil. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, emmenagogue, ecbolic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SACCHARUM. Latin, Saccharum (Gen., Sacchari). Eng., Sugar. Synonyms, Cane Sugar, Granulated Sugar. Form. — White, dry, hard, distinctly crystalline granules. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A purely sweet taste. Solubility. — In 0.46 part of water or 137.2 parts of alcohol. Official Preparations. Syrupus. Eng., Syrup. Synonym, Simple Syrup. Sugar, 850 Gm.; Distilled Water, to make 1000 Cc. Sugar is a constituent of all syrups and many other officinal prep- arations. Sugar as such is often prescribed to give bulk and sweet taste to powders and in solution to disguise unpleasant tastes and also to render liquids thicker so that soluble matter will remain longer in suspension when the mixture is agitated. The flavored syrups, as Syrup of Orange, etc., are more frequently employed. SACCHARUM LACTIS. Latin, Saccharum Lactis (Gen., Sacchari Lactis). Eng., Sugar of Milk. Synonym, Lactose. Form. — Usually a white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A faintly sweet taste. Solubility. — In 4.79 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Sugar of milk is used in Powder of Ipecac and Opium and Tritu- ration of Elaterin. It is therapeutically inactive, only faintly sweet as compared with cane sugar, and being a clean white powder it makes a very desirable vehicle in administering powders. It is a valuable constituent in the modified milk formulae. The following will show how it is ordered in prescribing: 288 SALICIXUM. SALVIA. SANGUINARIA. As a vehicle : B or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. j |065 Sacchari Lactis gr. xxx 21000 M. ft. cht. no. v. Sig. — One every half-hour. SAFROLUM. See Sassafras, p. 292. SALICINUM. Latin, Salicinum. Eng., Salicin. A glucoside obtained from several species of Salix and Populus and appearing in the form of crystals, needles, prisms, or powder; odorless, and having a very bitter taste. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic. Uses. — Sometimes employed in the treatment of rheumatism, tonsillitis and kindred conditions. Not often prescribed. SALVIA. Latin, Salvia. Eng., Salvia. Synonym, Sage. The dried leaves of Salvia officinalis. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be stomachic, diuretic, dia- phoretic, and astringent. Uses. — A popular home remedy, but not often prescribed. SANGUINARIA. Latin, Sanguinaria. Eng., Sanguinaria. Synonym, Bloodroot. The dried rhizome of Sanguinaria canadensis. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Sanguinariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Sanguinaria. Average Dose. — V/ 2 minims (0.1 Cc). Tinctura Sanguinariae. Eng., Tincture of Sanguinaria. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). SANTALUM RUBRUM. SANTONICA. 289 Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, emetic, etc. Uses. — Sanguinaria is a constituent of some pharmaceutical preparations for cough, etc. It has been recommended for other conditions. It is seldom a prescription ingredient. SANTALUM RUBRUM. Latin, Santalum Rubrum. Eng., Red Saunders. The heart-wood of Pterocarpits santalinus. Therapeutic Action. — Probably none. Uses. — As a coloring agent for pharmaceutical preparations. SANTONICA. Latin, Santonica. Eng., Santonica. Synonym, Levant Worm- seed. The dried, unexpanded flower-heads of Artemisia pauciflora. Official Constituent and Preparation. Santonium. Eng., Santonin. The inner anhydride or lactone of San- tonic Acid obtained from Santonica. Form. — Colorless prisms, turning yellow on exposure to light. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless when first put in the mouth, but afterward developing a bitter taste. Solubility. — In 5300 parts of water or 34 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Trochisci Santonini. Eng., Troches of Santonin. Each troche con- tains 0.03 Gm. ( l / 2 grain) of Santonin with Sugar, Tragacanth and Stronger Orange-flower Water. Therapeutic Action. — Vermifuge. Uses. — Santonin is used for the removal of roundworms and sometimes, in connection with other measures, for the removal of pinworms. Administration. — It should be remembered that Santonin is a dangerous remedy, sometimes, even in the usual medicinal doses, causing toxic symptoms. Another matter of importance is to advise the family of patient as to the possibility of it caus- ing a yellow- or red- colored urine. Santonin is prescribed either with some inert powder, as sugar of milk, or with a purgative, particularly the mild mercurous chloride. Its virtue depends largely on its comparative insolubility, which en- ables it to reach the lower part of the intestinal tract. It is con- sidered desirable, therefore, by many, to administer crystals in preference to powder. In the case of adults this is readily accom- 19 290 SAPO. plished by prescribing the crystals, with other agents, in capsules. For children, small crystals may be used with granulated sugar or sugar of milk. The crystals may also be incorporated with con- fection of rose, or made into lozenges with sugar and tragacanth. The official troches are made with the powdered drug. In the treatment of roundworms (for child 4 years old) : $ or Santonini (cryst.) gr. j |06 Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. ij 1 13 Sacchari Lactis gr. xxx 2 00 M. (non trit.) ft. cht. no. iv. Sig. — One every hour. This is usually given at night and followed the next morning by an active purgative. SAPO. Latin, Sapo. Eng., Soap. Synonym, White Castile Soap, Hard Soap. Soap prepared from sodium hydroxide and olive oil. Preparations. Emplastrum Saponis. Eng., Soap Plaster. Soap, 10 Gm.; Lead Plaster, 90 Gm. Linimentum Saponis. Eng., Soap Liniment. Synonym, Opodeldoc. Soap, 60 Gm.; Camphor, 45 Gm. ; Oil of Rosemarj', 10 Gm.; Alcohol, 725 Cc; Water, to 1000 Cc. Soap Liniment is contained in Chloroform Liniment. Therapeutic Action. — Detergent, and the liniment is a rube- facient and cutaneous stimulant. Uses. — Soap is used externally as a cleansing agent, and by suppository or enema to empty the bowels. Soap liniment is used as a mild rubefacient and lubricant for massage, and as a vehicle for more active agents. Administration. — Soap Liniment is rather extensively used externally either alone or with other agents, as chloroform or menthol and chloroform in various proportions. SAPO MOLLIS. 291 In the treatment of neuralgia (to be applied with friction along the course of the affected nerve) : $1 or Tinct. Aconiti, Chloroformi aa. f 3iv 15 Lin. Saponis q. s. f Hiv 120 M. Sig. — "Poison." Apply as directed. SAPO MOLLIS. Latin. Sapo Mollis. Eng., Soft Soap. Synonym, Green Soap. Soap prepared from potassium hydroxide and linseed oil. Form. — A soft, unctuous, yellowish-brown mass. Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor and alkaline taste. Solubility. — In hot water to nearly a clear liquid. In hot alcohol without leaving more than 3 per cent, of insoluble residue. Official Preparations. Linimentum Saponis Mollis. Eng., Liniment of Soft Soap. Synonym, Tincture of Green Soap. Soft Soap, 650 Gm.; Oil of Lavender Flowers, 20 Cc; Alcohol, to 1000 Cc. Therapeutic Action. — Detergent. Stimulant to the skin. Uses. — The liniment of soft soap is used alone or with other agents as a shampoo in the treatment of diseases of the scalp, and various other skin affections. It is extensively used in place of hard soap for cleansing the skin for surgical procedures. Administration. — Liniment of Soft Soap is extensively used and recommended by the profession, but does not often consti- tute part of a prescription except in dermatological work. Soft Soap is often used in ointments with other agents. Used in an antiparasitic ointment : R^ or Sulphuris Prsecip 3ij 8 Saponis Mollis, Olei Cadini aa. 3j 4 Adipis Benzoinati q. s. Sj 30 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. 1 Shoemaker: Materia Mediea and Therapeutics. -Steiwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 292 SARSAPARILLA. SASSAFRAS. SARSAPARILLA. Latin, Sarsaparilla. Eng., Sarsaparilla. The root of several species of Smilax. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae. Eng., Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum. Eng., Compound Fluid- extract of Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla, 750 Gm.; Glycyrrhiza, 120 Gm.; Sassafras, 100 Gm. ; Mezereum, 30 Gm. ; Glycerin, Alcohol and Water, to 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositum. Eng., Compound Syrup of Sar- saparilla. Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, 20 Cc; Fluidextract of Glycyr- rhiza, 15 Cc; Fluidextract of Senna, 15 Cc; with Oils of Sassafras, Anise and Gaultheria ; Sugar and Water. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as an alterative, but any virtue is questionable. Uses. — The preparations of sarsaparilla are used as vehicles, particularly for alterative agents. It is a constituent of many pharmaceutical and proprietary remedies. Administration. — Sarsaparilla and its preparations are not now very extensively prescribed. The Compound Syrup is some- times used as a vehicle in the administration of "Mixed Treat- ment." The taste of Sarsaparilla is regarded as very pleasant by some and decidedly disagreeable by others. It is an ingredient in the unofficial Compound Elixir of Salicylic Acid, a rather popular remedy for rheumatism. In the treatment of syphilis : Bi or Hydrarg. Iodidi Rub gr. iv Potassii Iodidi 3iv 4 Syr. Sarsaparil. Co q. s. f5vj 180 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water four times daily. 26 00 00 SASSAFRAS. Latin, Sassafras. Eng., Sassafras. The dried bark of the root of Sassafras varifolium. Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). i White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. SASSAFRAS. SCAMMONIUM. SCILLA. 293 Official Constituents. Oleum Sassafras. Eng., Oil of Sassafras. A volatile oil. Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). Safrolum. Eng., Safrol. A colorless or faintly yellow liquid ob- tained from Oil of Sassafras and some other volatile oils. Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc.). Sassafras and the oil are contained in some other official preparations. Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic. The oil is also an irritant. Uses. — The oil is a favorite constituent of household lini- ments, and sassafras is used in the preparation of some pharma- ceutical and proprietary remedies. Seldom prescribed. SASSAFRAS MEDULLA. Latin, Sassafras Medulla. Eng., Sassafras Pith. The dried pith of Sassafras varifolium. Official Preparation. Mucilago Sassafras Medullar. Eng., Mucilage of Sassafras Pith. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SCAMMONIUM. Latin, Scammonium. Eng., Scammony. A gum-resin obtained from Convolvulus scammonia. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Official Preparation. Resina Scammonii. Eng., Resin of Scammony. Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.250 Gm.). Resin of Scammony is contained in Compound Extract of Colocynth. Therapeutic Action. — Hydragogue purgative. Uses. — Seldom prescribed as such. SCILLA. Latin, Scilla. Eng., Squill. The bulb of Urginea maritima. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 294 SCOPARIUS. Official Preparations. Acetum Scillae. Eng., Vinegar of Squill. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc.). Fluidextractum Scillae. Eng., Fluidextract of Squill. Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc). Syrupus Scillae. Eng., Syrup of Squill. Represents 4.5 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Syrupus Scillae Compositus. Eng., Compound Syrup of Squill. Synonym, Hive Syrup. Represents Squill 8 per cent., Senega 8 per cent., Antimony and Potassium Tartrate 0.2 per cent. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Tinctura Scillae. Eng., Tincture of Squill. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, emetic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, cardiac diseases, dropsy, etc. Xot often prescribed. Administration. — When employed as a diuretic, Powdered Squill is the form of common choice. (See Digitalis.) It is usually combined with other agents and administered in pills or capsules. As an expectorant the syrup is the most frequently prescribed. It is usually associated with other agents. SCOPARIUS. Latin, Scoparius. Eng., Scoparius. Synonym, Broom. The dried tops of Cytisus scoparius. Principal Constituents. — Sparteine, tannic acid, etc. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Alkaloidal Salt. Sparteinae Sulphas. Eng., Sparteine Sulphate. The sulphate of an alkaloid obtained from Scoparius. Form. — Colorless crystals or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A slightly saline and somewhat bitter taste. Solubility. — In 1.1 parts of water, or 2.4 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic circulatory stimulant. Uses. — Sparteine sulphate is used in the treatment of heart and kidney conditions. Administration. — The following will illustrate the manner of prescribing: SCOPOLA. SCUTELLARIA. 295 In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : Ri • or Caffeine Citratae 3ss 2|00 Strychninae Sulph gr. % |02 Sparteine Sulph gr. iij |20 M. ft. cap. no. xij. Sig. — One every four hours. In the treatment of acute uremia : 1*2 or Pilocarpinae Hydrochl gr. j |065 Sparteine Sulph gr. iv [260 Inf. Digitalis fSij 60|000 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful every half-hour till desired effect. SCOPOLA. Latin, Scopola. Eng., Scopola. The dried rhizome of Scopola carniolica. Average Dose. — y± grain (0.045 Gm.). Official Preparations and Constituents. Extractum Scopolae. Eng., Extract of Scopola. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Fluidextractum Scopolae. Eng., Fluidextract of Scopola. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Scopolaminas Hydrobromidum. Eng., Scopolamine Hydrobromide. Average Dose. — %28 grain (0.0005 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Mydriatic, anodyne, hypnotic, anti- spasmodic. Uses. — Sometimes used for dilating the pupil ; also for such conditions as alcoholic psychosis, dementia, etc. Administration. — The salt of the alkaloid is used by the physi- cian, but is not often a prescription ingredient. SCUTELLARIA. Latin, Scutellaria. Eng., Scutellaria. Synonym, Skullcap. The dried plant of Scutellaria lateriflora. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). i Anders: Practice of Medicine. 2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 296 SEXEGA. SEXXA. Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Scutellariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Scutellaria. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Said to be sedative and antispasmodic. Uses. — It is sometimes used in domestic medications, but not often prescribed. SENEGA. Latin, Senega. Eng., Senega. Synonym, Senega Snake Root. The dried root of Poly gala senega. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Senegas. Eng., Fluidextract of Senega. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Syrupus Senegae. Eng.. Syrup of Senega. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Senega is contained in the Compound Syrup of Squill. Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic. Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of bronchitis. Sel- dom prescribed. SENNA. Latin, Senna. Eng., Senna. The dried leaflets of Cassia acuti- folia or of C. angustifolia. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Official Preparations. Confectio Sennas. Eng., Confection of Senna. Represents 10 per cent, of Senna with other laxative agents. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Fluidextractum Sennas. Eng., Fluidextract of Senna. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Infusum Sennas Compositum. Eng., Compound Infusion of Senna. Synonym, Black Draught. Represents 6 per cent, of Senna with Manna, Fennel and Magnesium Sulphate. Average Dose. — 4 fluidounces (120 Cc). Syrupus Sennas. Eng., Syrup of Senna. Represents 25 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Senna is also contained in Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla and Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza. SERPENTARIA. SERUM. SEVUM. 297 Therapeutic Action. — Purgative. Uses. — Senna is a popular remedy of the laity and is a con- stituent of many of the proprietary laxatives and "Liver Medi- cines." Not often prescribed. SERPENTARIA. Latin, Serpentaria. Eng., Serpentaria. Synonym, Virginia Snake Root. The dried rhizome and roots of Aristolochia serpen- taria or of A. reticulata. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Official Preparations. Fluidextractum Serpentariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Serpentaria. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Tinctura Serpentariae. Eng., Tincture of Serpentaria. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Serpentaria is also contained in the Compound Tincture of Cinchona. Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a bitter tonic, expectorant, diuretic. Uses. — It is sometimes used as an adjuvant and corrective for other agents in the treatment of anorexia, indigestion, etc., and in the treatment of bronchitis and related conditions. Seldom prescribed. SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM. Latin, Serum Antidiphthericum. Eng., Antidiphtheric Serum, Diphtheria Antitoxin. Average Dose. — 3000 units. Immunizing dose for well persons, 500 units. The U. S. P. average dose of 3000 units is usually exceeded, it being the custom of some of the more progressive therapists to give, except in the case of infants, a minimum of 5000 to 10,000 units for the pharyngeal and 20,000 for the laryngeal infection. The serum as an immunizing agent is now seldom employed. SEVUM PRJEPARATUM. Latin, Sevum Prseparatum. Eng., Prepared Suet. The purified internal fat of the abdomen of the sheep, Ovis aries. Therapeutic Action. — Emollient. 298 SIXAPIS ALBA, XIGRA. SODIUM. Uses. — Employed in pharmaceutical manufacturing - , but sel- dom prescribed. SINAPIS ALBA. Latin, Sinapis Alba. Eng., White Mustard. The seed of Sinapis alba. Average Dose. — Emetic, 120 grains (8 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Emetic, rubefacient, vesicant. Uses. — Extensively used in the form of poultices, plasters, etc., in the treatment of pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia, and as a counterirritant for deep-seated pain generally. In the pow- dered form it is a prompt and safe emetic. Administration. — As an emetic a tablespoonful of powdered mustard is given in a glass of warm water. As a counterirritant, a satisfactory formula is one heaping tablespoonful of powdered mustard to eight of flour and the white of one tgg. It is .ap- plied hot and allowed to remain until the desired redness has been induced. SINAPIS NIGRA. Latin, Sinapis Nigra. Eng., Black Mustard. The seed of Brassica nigra. Average Dose. — Emetic, 120 grains (8 Gm.). Official Preparations and Constituents. Charta Sinapis. Eng., Mustard Paper. Oleum Sinapis Volatile. Eng., Volatile Oil of Mustard. Synonym, Essential Oil of Mustard. Average Dose. — % minim (0.008 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Emetic, rubefacient, vesicant. Uses. — See Sinapis Alba. The oil is a constituent of many proprietary liniments. It is a powerful irritant. SODIUM. The metal is not official, but the Pharmacopoeia contains the fol- lowing salts and preparations : SODII ACETAS. Eng., Sodium Acetate. Formula, NaC 2 N 3 2 . Form. — Colorless prisms or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline taste. Solubility. — In about 1 part of water or 23 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). SODIUM. 299 Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SODII ARSENAS.— See Arsenum, p. 70. Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus. — See Arsenum, p. 70. Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. — See Arsenum, p. 70. SODII BENZOAS.— See Benzoates, p. 86. SODII BICARBONAS. Eng., Sodium Bicarbonate. Synonyms, Soda, Cooking Soda. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline taste. Solubility. — In 12 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — It is decomposed by acids and acid salts. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis. Eng., Troches of Sodium Bicarbonate. Each troche contains about 3 grains of Sodium Bicarbonate. Sodium Bicarbonate is contained in Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda. Therapeutic Action. — Antacid. Uses. — Extensively used in the treatment of hyperchlorhy- dria, gastric ulcers, "acidosis," etc. Administration. — The following will illustrate some common uses of the drug : Given alone, as in "acid intoxication," it may be ordered as follows (for child 4 years old) : R or Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. c 61 Ft. cht. no. x. Sig. — One in water even- three hours till relieved. Or: B or Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr j |065 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. c 6|000 M. ft. cht. no. x. Sig. — One in water every four hours. The following has been recommended for headache : $i or Acetanilidi gr. lxxij 4|50 Caffeinse Citratae, Camphorse Monobrom aa. gr. xij |75 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xlviij 3100 M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. Sig. — One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 300 SODIUM. It may also be ordered for enema: $ or Sodii Bicarbonatis 3j 301 Sig. — Use tablespoonful to half-gallon warm water. Used in a preparation for cleansing the nose in infectious diseases : n 1 or Phenolis Liq n\vj |4 Sodii Bicarb gr. xxx 2'0 Sodii Boratis gr. xl 2|5 Glycerini f3ij 810 Aquae Dest q. s. f5vj 180|0 M. Sig. — Spray as directed. In the treatment of flatulence, hysteria, etc. : 1*2 or Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xl 3| Spir. Ammonia? Arom., Tinct. Zingiberis aa. fBss 15 1 Spir. /Etheris Comp q. s. f Si j 601 M. Sig.— "Shake." Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water. Repeat when necessary. SODII BISULPHIS. Eng., Sodium Bisulphite. Form. — Opaque crystals or granular powder. Odor and Taste. — Odor of Sulphur Dioxide. A disagreeable sulphurous taste. Solubility. — In 3.5 parts of water and 70 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SODII BORAS. Eng., Sodium Borate. Synonym, Borax. Form. — Colorless prisms or white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A sweetish, alkaline taste. Solubility. — In 20.4 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Mineral acids, most metallic and alkaloidal salts. Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). Sodium Borate is contained in the Ointment of Rose Water. 1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. SODIUM. 301 Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. Uses. — Sometimes employed with other agents in the treat- ment of nasal catarrh, stomatitis, etc. Administration. — Not often prescribed. The following will illustrate how it may be ordered : In the treatment of chronic nasal catarrh : Ri or Phenolis gr. iv 26 Sodii Bicarb., Sodii Boratis aa. gr. xx 1 30 Glycerini f3iv 15 00 Aquae q. s. fSiv 120 00 M. Sig. — Spray as directed. SODII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. SODII CARBONAS MONOHYDRATUS. Eng., Monohydrated Sodium Carbonate. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A strongly alkaline taste. Solubility. — In 2.9 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antacid. Uses. — Seldom used for effect. It is sometimes prescribed in capsules with exsiccated ferrous sulphate so as to form fresh fer- rous carbonate in the stomach. SODII CITRAS.— See Citrates, p. 19. SODII CHLORIDUM. Eng., Sodium Chloride. Synonyms, Salt, Common Salt. Form. — Colorless crystals or white crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Saline taste. Solubility. — In 2.8 parts of water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — Emetic, 240 grains (16 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Emetic. An essential agent in metab- olism. Uses. — A valuable emetic, etc., but seldom a prescription in- gredient. Administration. — A teaspoonful of table salt is used to each glass of lukewarm water, and the patient required to take one glass after another until emesis is induced. i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 302 SODIUM. LIQUOR SODJE CHLORINATE.— See Chlorine. SODII HYDROXIDUM. Eng., Sodium Hydroxide. Synonym, Caustic Soda. Form. — Dry, white or nearly white flakes, fused masses or pencils. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A caustic taste. Solubility. — In about 1 part of water. Very soluble in alcohol. Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi. Eng., Solution of Sodium Hydroxide. A colorless aqueous solution containing about 5 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antacid, caustic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SODII HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Hypophosphites. p. 25. SODII IODIDUM.— See Iodides, p. 202. SODII NITRAS. Eng., Sodium Nitrate. Synonym, Chili Saltpetre. Form. — Colorless crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline and slightly bitter taste. Solubility. — In about 1.1 parts of water or about 100 of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Sodium Nitrate is contained in the Compound Solution of Sodium Phosphate. Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SODII NITRIS. Eng., Sodium Nitrite. Form. — White or nearly white masses, pencils or colorless crystals. Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a mild saline taste. Solubility. — In about 1.4 parts of water, slightly soluble in alcohol. Incompatibles. — Acetanilide, antipyrine, chlorates, chromates, gold chloride, hypophosphites, iodides, mercury salts, permanganates, sulphites, tannic acid. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Circulatory, depressant. Uses. — Used to lower blood-pressure in the treatment of an- gina pectoris, chronic nephritis, etc. Administration. — The dosage as recommended in many works on practice is probably much too high for the average case. It is better to begin with a small dose and gradually increase as the tolerance of the patient is ascertained. Sodium Nitrite is prescribed in solution and should be well di- luted before being administered. It is frequently associated with Sodium Iodide. SODIUM. 303 In the treatment of hypertension: R or Sodii Nitritis gr. xvj 1| Sodii Iodidi gr. clx 10J Aquas q. s. fSiv 120| M. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water or milk two hours after meals. Or: B or Sodii Nitritis gr. l 3| Sodii Iodidi Bj 30 1 Aquae q. s. f|.ij 60j M. Sig. — Begin with ten (10) drops as directed. SODII PHENOLSULPHONAS.— See Phenol, p. 261. SODII PHOSPHAS. Eng., Sodium Phosphate. Form. — Large colorless prisms of granular salt. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, saline but disagreeable taste. Solubility. — In about 5.5 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Sodii Phosphas Effervescens. Eng., Effervescent Sodium Phosphate. A granular powder containing 20 per cent, of Exsiccated Sodium Phos- phate with Citric and Tartaric Acids and Sodium Bicarbonate. Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). Sodii Phosphas Exsiccatus. Eng.. Exsiccated Sodium Phosphate. Sodium Phosphate deprived of its water of crystallization. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus. Eng., Compound Solution of Sodium Phosphate. Sodium Phosphate, 1000 Gm.; Sodium Nitrate, 40 Gm. ; Citric Acid, 130 Gm. ; Distilled Water, to make 1000 Cc. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Hydragogue purgative. Uses. — The effervescing salt, particularly, is a popular morn- ing laxative. It is also used in conditions characterized by jaundice. Administration. — Effervescing Sodium Phosphate is best pre- scribed in amounts to correspond to the original bottle, that is, 2, 4, or 16 ounces. Ifc or Sodii Phos. Efferves §iv 1201 Sig. — neaping teaspoonful, in glass of water, on arising. 304 SODIUM. The solution may be ordered as : $ or Liq. Sodii Phos. Co f^iv 1201 Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls, with glass of water, on arising. SODII PYROPHOSPHAS. Eng., Sodium Pyrophosphate. Form. — Colorless prisms or powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, saline taste. Solubility. — In about 11.5 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Purgative. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SODII SALICYLAS.— See Salicylates, p. 32. SODII SULPHAS. Eng., Sodium Sulphate. Synonym, Glauber's Salt. Form. — Large, colorless prisms. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A bitter saline taste. Solubility. — In 2.8 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Hydragogue purgative. Uses. — Sometimes used to produce purgation, particularly when it is desired to deplete the body liquid. Administration. — It is not often prescribed. The following will illustrate its use : As a laxative : n or Sodii Sulphatis 3j 30| Potassii Bitartratis 3ij 60 j M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of hot water before breakfast. SODII SULPHIS. Eng., Sodium Sulphite. Form. — Colorless prisms. Odor and Taste.— Odorless. A cooling, saline, sulphurous taste. Solubility. — In 2 parts of water; sparingly soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. Uses. — Seldom prescribed. SODII THIOSULPHAS. Eng., Sodium Thiosulphate. Synonyms, Sodium Hyposulphite, Hypo. Form. — Colorless prisms. SPARTEINE SULPHAS. SPIGELIA. SPIRITUS. 305 Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, afterward bitter taste. Solubility. — In about 0.35 part of water. Insoluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. Uses. — Used externally for eczema, scabies, tinea, and various other skin diseases. Seldom given internally. Administration. — The following shows how it may be pre- scribed. In the treatment of tinea versicolor: I^i or Sodii Thiosulphatis 5iij 12| Glycerini f3ij 8| Aquae q. s. f 5iv 120 M. Sig. — Apply frequently. POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS.— See Potassium, p. 275. SPARTEINE SULPHAS. See Scoparius, p. 294. SPIGELIA. Latin, Spigelia. Eng., Spigelia. Synonym, Pink Root. The dried rhizome and roots of Spigelia marilandica. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Spigeliae. Eng., Fluidextract of Spigelia. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Vermifuge. Uses. — Has been used for the removal of roundworms, and in connection with other measures for pinworms. "Pinkroot and Senna" was once a popular remedy for this purpose. Seldom prescribed. SPIRITUS— Spirit. Spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile substances. Most of them contain matter insoluble in water. While there is no uniform strength for spirits they are usually about 5 to 10 per cent. The following twenty are official : 1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 20 306 SPIRITUS MYRCLE. Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir Spir tus Athens. — See /Ether. tus iEtheris Compositus. — See /Ether. tus iEtheris Nitrosi. — See /Ether. tus Ammoniae. — See Ammonium. tus Ammoniae Aromaticus. — See Ammonium. tus Amygdalae Amarae. — See Amygdala. tus Anisi. — See Anisum. tus Aurantii Compositus. — See Aurantium. tus Camphorae. — See Camphora. tus Chloroformi. — See Chloroformum. tus Cinnamomi. — See Cinnamomum. tus Frumenti. — See Alcohol. tus Gaultheriae. — See Gaultheria. tus Glycerylis Nitratis. — See Glycerylis Nitras. tus Juniperi. — See Oleum Juniperi. tus Juniperi Compositus. — See Oleum Juniperi. tus Lavandulae. — See Lavandula. tus Menthae Piperitae. — See Mentha Piperita. tus Menthae Viridis. — See Mentha Viridis. tus Vini Gallici. — See Alcohol. SPIRITUS MYRCLffi. (Not Official.) Latin, Spiritus Myrciae. Eng., Spirit of Myrcia. Synonym, Bay Rum. A liquid containing the Oils of Myrcia, Orange-peel, and Pimenta, in about 65 per cent, alcohol. Bay Rum is a pleasant vehicle for external applications and represents enough aromatic oils and alcohol to have some thera- peutic value. The following will illustrate its use : In the treatment of seborrhea : Ri or Betanaphtholis 3ij 8 Alcoholis fti'ij 90 Spir. Myrciie q. s. fSvj 180 M. Sig. — Apply twice daily. In the treatment of alopecia : R2 or Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 510 Phenolis gr. xx 13 Spiritus Myrciae q. s. f3iv 120|0 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. -Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. STAPH1SAGRIA. STILLIXGIA. STRAMONIUM. 307 STAPHISAGRIA. Latin, Staphisagria. Eng., Staphisagria. Synonym, Stavesacre. The ripe seed of Delphinium staphisagria. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Staphisagriae. Eng., Fluidextract of Staphisagria. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Irritant, antiparasitic, depressant. Uses. — Has been used in the treatment of scabies, pediculosis, etc. Seldom prescribed. STILLINGIA. Latin, Stillingia. Eng., Stillingia. Synonym, Queen's Root. The dried root of Stillingia sylvatica. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Stillingias. Eng., Fluidextract of Stillingia. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as an alterative. Uses. — It is a constituent of many pharmaceutical and pro- prietary remedies for syphilis, rheumatism, etc. Seldom pre- scribed. STRAMONIUM. Latin, Stramonium. Eng.. Stramonium. Synonym, Jamestown (Jimson) Weed. The dried leaves of Datura stramonium. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Stramonii. Eng., Extract of Stramonium. A soft solid about five times the strength of the crude drug. Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). Fluidextractum Stramonii. Eng., Fluidextract of Stramonium. Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). Tinctura Stramonii. Eng., Tincture of Stramonium. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Unguentum Stramonii. Eng., Stramonium Ointment. Contains 10 per cent, of the extract. 308 STRONTIUM. STROPHANTHUS. Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, anodyne, mydriatic. Uses. — Stramonium is principally used in the treatment of asthmatic attacks. Administration. — The leaves are generally smoked, alone or with other agents. The tincture is sometimes given by mouth, but altogether they are not often prescribed. The following will illustrate a way of ordering the drug. In the form of a cigarette in the treatment of asthma : R or Stramonii 5j 301 Sig. — Use as a cigarette when necessary. STRONTIUM. The metal is not official, but the U. S. P. contains the following salts : STRONTII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. STRONTII IODIDUM.— See Iodides, p. 202. STRONTII SALICYLAS.— See Salicylates, p. 32. STROPHANTHUS. Latin, Strophanthus. Eng., Strophanthus. The ripe seed of Strophanthus kombe. Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gin.). Official Preparations and Constituents. Tinctura Strophanthi. Eng., Tincture of Strophanthus. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Strophanthinum. Eng., Strophanthin. A glucoside or mixture of glucosides obtained from Strophanthus (0.45 to 1 per cent.). Form. — A white or faintly yellowish powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. Solubility. — Very soluble in water ; less soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — %oo grain (0.0003 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Heart tonic and stimulant, vasoconstrictor. Uses. — Tincture of Strophanthus and Strophanthin are used almost exclusively for heart weakness and irregularity. Administration. — The tincture is given by mouth. It is usually prescribed alone. Strophanthin is sometimes employed hypodennically by the physician, but is seldom a prescription STYRAX. SULPHONETHYLMETHANUM. 309 ingredient. Owing to the high toxicity of these agents, the pa- tient should be under the frequent observation of the physician during their use. STRYCHNINA. See Nux Vomica, p. 228. STRYCHNINE NITRAS. See Nux Vomica, p. 228. STRYCHNINJE SULPHAS. See Nux Vomica, p. 228. STYRAX. Latin, Styrax. Eng., Storax. A balsam obtained from the wood and inner bark of Liquidambar orientalis. A semiliquid, grayish, sticky, opaque mass ; it deposits, on stand- ing, a dark-brown stratum, and has an agreeable odor and balsamic taste. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, expectorant, carminative. Uses. — It is a constituent of some preparations for bronchitis, etc., but is seldom a prescription ingredient. SULPHONETHYLMETHANUM. Latin, Sulphonethylmethanum. Eng., Sulphonethylmethane. (Trional). Form. — A colorless crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost tasteless. Solubility. — In 195 parts of water ; readily soluble in alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. Uses. — Extensively used to induce sleep when the insomnia is not the result of pain or discomfort. Administration. — This is prescribed alone and usually in powder. To produce sleep : B or Sulphonethylmethani 3j 41 Ft. cht. no. iv. Sig. — One at 8 p.m. ; repeat at 10 if necessary. If 10 p.m. is the usual time for sleep, one is given two hours before, and is repeated soon after 10 if sleepiness has not been induced. 310 SULPHONMETHANUM. SULPHUR. SULPHONMETHANUM. Latin, Sulphonmethanum. Eng., Sulphonmethane (Sulphonal). Form. — A colorless crystalline powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless. Solubility. — In 360 parts of water or 47 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. Uses. — Sulphonal is used to induce sleep when the insomnia is not the result of pain or discomfort. Administration. — This is prescribed alone and usually in powder. For the relief of insomnia : B or Sulphonmethani 3j 41 Ft. cht. no. iv. Sig. — One at night if necessary. This is usually given about two hours before the time that it is desired for the patient to sleep, and may be repeated once, if necessary SULPHUR. Sulphur is official in three forms. SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM. Eng, Sublimed Sulphur. Synonyms, Sulphur, Flowers of Sulphur. Form. — A fine yellow powder. Odor and Taste. — A slight characteristic odor and faintly acid taste. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Official Preparations. SULPHUR LOTUM. Eng., Washed Sulphur. Prepared by washing Sublimed Sulphur with ammonia water and water. Form. — A fine yellow powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). Unguentum Sulphuris. Eng., Sulphur Ointment. Contains 15 per cent, of Washed Sulphur in Benzoinated Lard. Washed Sulphur is contained in Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza. SULPHUR PR^CIPITATUM. Eng., Precipitated Sulphur. Made by acting upon Sublimed Sulphur with calcium hydroxide, precipitating the solution with hydrochloric acid and washng the precipitate. SULPHUR. 311 Form. — A fine amorphous powder of a pale lemon-yellow color. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). SULPHURIS IODIDUM. Eng., Sulphur Iodide. An almost insol- uble grayish-black solid. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, antiparasitic, laxative, dia- phoretic. Uses. — Internally it is sometimes used as a laxative and as an adjuvant to the bismuth treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. Externally it is extensively employed in the treatment of para- sitic skin diseases, as scabies, tinea, etc. Administration. — Owing to its fine state of subdivision, its purity and freedom from odor and taste, the Precipitated Sul- phur would seem to be the preferable form for medicinal use. Internally Sulphur is not often employed by the profession, though it is sometimes prescribed either alone or with some other agents, as Potassium Bitartrate. Externally it is frequently employed in ointments. In the treatment of grain-itch : 3 1 or Betanaphtholis gr. xxx 210 Sulphuris Prsecip gr. xl 2 5 Adipis Benzoinati q. s. 3j 30 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. Used as an antiparasitic : R 2 or Sulphuris Praecip 3ij 8 Saponis Mollis Olei Cadini aa. 3j 4 Adipis Benzoinati q. s. §j 30 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. Used in the treatment of ringworm of the scalp : B 3 or Betanaphtholis 3ss 2 Olei Cadini 3j 4 Ung. Sulphuris q. s. §j 30 M. Sig. — Apply as directed. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 2 Stelvvagon: Diseases of the Skin. s Ibid. 312 . SUMBUL. In the treatment of scabies : $1 or Sulphuris Loti, Olei Cadini, Cretae Praep aa. '3ij 8| Saponis Mollis 3v 19| Adipis q. s. Sij 60| M. Sig. — Rub in thoroughly. As an application in pruritic diseases of the skin : 1*2 or Phenolis gr. v Sulphuris Prsecip gr. xxx 2 Camphorse gr. x Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sj 30 M. Sig. — Apply frequently to irritable surface. 32 00 65 00 SUMBUL. Latin, Sumbul. Eng., Sumbul. Synonym, Musk Root. The dried rhizome and root of an undetermined plant. Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Sumbul. Eng., Extract of Sumbul. Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). Fluidextractum Sumbul. Eng., Fluidextract of Sumbul. Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a stomachic, carminative, antispasmodic and nervine. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of nervousness, neuras- thenia, hysteria, flatulence, etc. Administration. — The extract is the preparation usually em- ployed. It is given in capsules and generally with other agents. In the treatment of palpitation in hysteric subjects: $3 or Strychninae Sulph gr. Ys |02 Zinci Valeratis gr. x |65 Ext. Sumbul gr. x |65 Ext. Hyoscyami gr. v |32 M. ft. cap. no. x. Sig. — One after each meal. 1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 3 Anders: Practice of Medicine. SUPPOSITORIA. SYRUPUS. 313 In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc. : $i or Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss |03 Asafoetidae Pulv gr. x |65 Ext. Sumbul, Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa. gr. xx 1 130 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One after each meal. SUPPOSITORIA— Suppository. Suppositories are solid bodies intended to be introduced into the rectum, vagina, or urethra to produce medicinal action. This is often a very convenient and efficient form for administering remedies and, with the exception of the official glycerin suppository, they are usu- ally better prepared extemporaneously by the pharmacist. Oil of Theobroma is the agent usually employed with the medicinal substances and the amount of this should be left to the discretion of the compounder. The following suppository is official : Suppositoria Glycerini. — See Glycerinum. SYRUPUS— Syrup. Syrups are concentrated solutions of Sugar in water or aqueous liquids. They usually do not represent a very high per cent, of the active drug. Some are used merely to give a pleasant odor and taste to solutions. There are twenty-nine official syrups, as follows : Syrupus. — See Saccharum. Syrupus Acaciae. — See Acacia. Syrupus Acidi Citrici. — See Acidum Citricum. Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. — See Iodum. Syrupus Amygdalae. — See Amygdala. Syrupus Aurantii. — See Aurantium. Syrupus Aurantii Florum. — See Aurantium. Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis. — See Calcium. Syrupus Calcis. — See Calcium. Syrupus Ferri Iodidi. — See Ferrum. Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. — See Ferrum. Syrupus Hypophosphitum.— See Phosphorus. Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus. — See Phosphorus. Syrupus Ipecacuanhas. — See Ipecacuanha. Syrupus Krameriae. — See Krameria. Syrupus Lactucarii. — See Lactucarium. Syrupus Pruni Virginianae. — See Prunus Virginiana. i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 314 TABELLA. TALCUM. Syrupus Picis Liquidae. — See Pix Liquida. Syrupus Rhei. — See Rheum. Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. — See Rheum. Syrupus Rosas. — See Rosa. Syrupus Rubi. — See Rubus. Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus. — See Sarsaparilla. Syrupus Scillae. — See Scilla. Syrupus Scillae Compositus. — See Scilla. Syrupus Senegae. — See Senega. Syrupus Sennae. — See Senna. Syrupus Tolutanus. — See Balsamum Tolutanum. Syrupus Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. TABELLA— Tablet. Tablets are minute, disk-like masses of medicinal powders. Tablet Triturates are made by moistening the powder with a volatile liquid, as alcohol, and then molding into shape and allowing the liquid to evaporate. They are seldom made to contain more than 1 grain of the active agent. They will usually disintegrate readily and are a desirable form for administering certain drugs. Compressed Tablets are made by forcibly compressing the powdered substances into the desired shape. They are usually made to contain from 1 to 5 grains of the active drug. They are frequently very hard and sometimes not readily soluble. Coated tablets are usually made by coating compressed tablets with sugar, chocolate, etc. Hypodermic Tablets are usually made as are tablet triturates. They frequently contain in addition some agents that produce chemical action when water is added and cause a rapid disintegration of the mass. Dispensing tablets are those that contain a comparatively large amount of the active drug, as 1 grain of strychnine sulphate. They are used by pharmacists and dispensing physicians to avoid the necessity of weighing small amounts of potent drugs in filling prescriptions. There are no official tablets. TALCUM. Latin, Talcum (Gen., Talci). Eng., Talc. A native Hydrous Magnesium Silicate. Official Preparation. Talcum Purificatum. Eng., Purified Talc. Form. — A white powder. Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. Solubility. — Insoluble in water and alcohol. TAMARIXDUS. TARAXACUM. TEREBINTHIXA. 315 It is used as an absorbent and protective and as a diluent for more active agents in the treatment of many moist skin affections, and for cosmetic purposes. The Purified Talcum is the preparation that should be prescribed. TAMARINDUS. Latin, Tamarindus. Eng., Tamarind. The preserved pulp of the fruit Tamarindus indica. Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). Tamarind is contained in Confection of Senna. Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, nutrient. Uses. — It is a popular domestic remedy, but is seldom prescribed. TARAXACUM. Latin, Taraxacum. Eng., Taraxacum. Synonym, Dandelion. The dried root of Taraxacum officinale. Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). Official Preparations. Extractum Taraxaci. Eng., Extract of Taraxacum. Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). Fluidextractum Taraxaci. Eng., Fluidextract of Taraxacum. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic, laxative. Uses. — Sometimes used as adjuvant to other tonics or purga- tives. Seldom prescribed. TEREBINTHINA. Latin, Terebinthina. Eng., Turpentine. A concrete oleoresin obtained from various species of Pinus. Official Constituents and Preparations. OLEUM TEREBINTHINA. Eng., Oil of Turpentine. Synonyms, Spirit of Turpentine, Turpentine. A volatile oil distilled from Turpentine. Form. — A thin, colorless liquid. Odor and Taste. — A characteristic odor and taste. Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Soluble in 3 parts of alcohol. Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum. Eng., Rectified Oil of Turpentine. Form, odor, taste, solubility. — See Oleum Terebinthinae. Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 316 TEREBINTHINA. Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae. Eng., Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine. Rectified Oil of Turpentine, 15 Cc. ; Expressed Oil of Almond, 5 Cc. ; Syrup, 25 Cc.; Acacia, 15 Gm.; Water, to 100 Cc. Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). Linimentum Terebinthinae. Eng., Turpentine Liniment. Rosin Cerate, 650 Gm.; Oil of Turpentine, 350 Gm. Terebenum. Eng., Terebene. Obtained by the action of concen- trated sulphuric acid on Oil of Turpentine. Form. — A colorless liquid. Odor and Taste. — An agreeable, thyme-like odor, and an aromatic, some- what terebinthinate taste. Solubility. — Only slightly in water. Soluble in 3 parts alcohol. Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, diuretic, carminative, an- thelmintic, rubefacient, counterirritant. Uses. — Quite extensively employed by mouth, rectum, or as an application for wounds, sprains, rheumatism, intestinal worms, tympanites, typhoid fever, chronic nephritis, bronchitis, etc. Administration. — Bromine, chlorine and iodine are incompat- ible with Oil of Turpentine in concentration, but iodine is some- times prescribed with it when the agents are in very dilute form. Oil of Turpentine is very irritating to mucous membrane; so should always be administered in an emulsion or with some bland oil. The Oil is frequently used in "turpentine steeps'' for renal colic, gall-stone colic, intestinal distention, dysentery, etc. They are or- dered prepared by instructing that a teaspoonful of the oil of turpen- tine be used to each bowl of hot water and large folded bath towels or pieces of flannel be wrung out of this and applied as hot as the patient can tolerate. Fresh application is made about every three minutes. In typhoid fever, etc. : ty or Emul. 01. Terebinth f&v 120| Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours. In the treatment of acute bronchitis : Ri or Terebini f3ij 8| Creosoti f3ss 2| Acacise q. s. Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fSiij 90 1 M. ft. emul. Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. TERPINI HYDRAS. THYMOL. 317 TERPINI HYDRAS. Latin, Terpini Hydras. Eng., Terpin Hydrate. Form. — Colorless prisms. Odor and Taste. — Nearly odorless and having a slightly aromatic and somewhat bitter taste. Solubility. — In 200 parts of water or in 10 parts of alcohol. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, antiseptic. Uses. — Employed in the treatment of bronchitis, phthisis, whooping-cough, etc. ; also for gonorrhea, cystitis, and kindred conditions. Administration. — Usually prescribed in capsules or in hydro- alcoholic solutions such as Aromatic Elixir. In the treatment of bronchitis : Bi or Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ^4 016 Ammonii Chloridi, Terpini Hydratis aa. 5j 4 000 Mi ft. cap. no. xx. Sig. — One every three hours. Two at night. THYMOL. Latin, Thymol (Gen., Thymolis). Eng., Thymol. A phenol oc- curring in the volatile oil of thyme and in some other volatile oils. Form. — Large, colorless prisms. Odor and Taste. — An aromatic, thyme-like odor and a pungent, aromatic taste, with a very slight caustic effect upon the lips. Solubility. — In about 1100 parts of water. Soluble in alcohol, oils, etc. Incompatibles. — Should not be triturated with acetanilide, anti- pyrine, camphor, monobromated camphor, hydrated chloral, menthol, phenol, phenyl salicylate, quinine sulphate or prescribed with spirit of nitrous ether or gold salts. Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Thymol is contained in Cataplasm of Kaolin and Antiseptic Solution. Official Salt. Thymolis Iodidum. — See Iodum, p. 202. i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 318 THYMOL. Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, anthelmintic. Uses. — Principally employed for hookworms ; also used in so- lution with other agents as a mouth-wash, nasal spray, gargle, etc., in the treatment of such conditions as nasal catarrh, stoma- titis, pharyngitis and pyorrhoea alveolaris. Administration. — While Thymol is a constituent of some oint- ments, antiseptic solutions, etc., its more common employment is for intestinal parasites, particularly hookworm. For this pur- pose it is usually administered in doses of from 30 to 80 grains. It may be prescribed in a powdered state suspended in water by means of Acacia, but is more commonly administered in capsules, either alone or with sugar of milk. When well triturated with an inert powder, as sugar of milk, it is supposed to be less irri- tating to the gastric mucosa, and less apt to form concretions when the gelatin of the capsule is dissolved. Not more than 5 grains of the powder should be prescribed to the capsule. As the safety of large doses depends on the comparative insolubility of the drug in the normal intestinal juices, care should be exercised that the patient has and keeps the intestinal tract free from alcoholics, oils and fats. The drug should be eliminated promptly, as it is slightly soluble even in water. A common method of employment is as follows : $ or Thymolis, Sacchari Lactis aa. gr. l 3 M. ft. cap. no. xx. Sig.— Take five (5) at 8, 9, 10, and 11 a.m. Written instructions as to diet, purgative, etc., should be given the patient. The following would illustrate : — Saturday. — Eat or drink only skimmed milk, buttermilk, rice broth, gelatin, toast, jelly, baked apples, sherbert, tea, coffee, lemon- ade, water. Nothing but water after 6 p.m. No alcoholics, oil or grease during the day. Sunday. — Take a tablespoonful of Epsom Salts in a glass of hot lemonade at 6 a.m. Take five (5) capsules every hour beginning at 8 a.m. Repeat the salts and lemonade at 1 p.m. Take nothing in the way of food or drink but water till 2 p.m. ; can then have dry toast, jelly, gelatin, baked apples, sherbert, tea, coffee, lemonade, grape-juice, oranges. No alcoholics, oils or grease during the day. Monday. — Same diet, etc., as Saturday. TIXCTURA. 319 When capsules are inadvisable the following may be used in the same way as the prescription just given : $ or Thymolis gr. L 3| Syrupi Acacise q. s. f 5ij 60| M. Sig. — "Shake." Tablespoonful at 8. 9, 10, and 11 a.m. The following illustrates a somewhat common employment of the drug : In the treatment of dermatitis : Ri or Phenolis Liq f3ss 2|0 Thymolis • . . . . gr. viij |5 Glycerini fSss 15|0 Alcoholis f3j 30J0 Aquae q. s. f Sviij 240|0 M. Sig. — Apply freely. TINCTURA— Tincture. Tinctures are alcoholic solutions of non-volatile substances (Tinc- ture of Iodine is an exception). They are the most commonly used class of preparations. They usually contain tannic acid, so in most instances cannot be employed with agents that are incompatible with that drug. Those tinctures that contain much resinous matter or oils will precipitate with water. Some examples are tinctures of ginger, benzoin, guaiac, etc. Tinctures of the more potent drugs usually represent 10 per cent, of the crude drug, as tinctures of opium, digitalis, aconite, etc. "Where more than a fluidrachm of a 10 per cent, tincture would have to be taken to get a dose of the drug, the tincture is usually made to represent 20 per cent., or more, of the agent. As to the dosage, the majority of tinctures can be roughly put into two groups : those the dose of which is about 10 minims and those with fluidrachm doses. The following sixty-four tinctures are official : Tinctura Aconiti. — See Aconitum. Tinctura Aloes. — See Aloe. Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae. — See Aloe. 1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 320 TINCTURA. Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine Tine ura Arnicae. — See Arnica. ura Asafcetidae. — See Asofcetida. ura Aurantii Amari. — See Aurantium. ura Aurantii Dulcis. — See Aurantium. ura Belladonnas Foliorum. — See Belladonna. ura Benzoini. — See Benzoinum. ura Benzoini Composita. — See Benzoinum. ura Calendulas. — See Calendula. ura Calumbae. — See Calumba. ura Cannabis Indicae. — See Cannabis Indica. ura Cantharidis. — See Cantharis. ura Capsici. — See Capsicum. ura Cardamomi. — See Cardamomum. ura Cardomomi Composita. — See Cardamomum. ura Cimicifugae. — See Cimicifuga. ura Cinchonas. — See Cinchona. ura Cinchonas Composita. — See Cinchona. ura Cinnamoni. — See Cinnamomum. ura Colchici Seminis. — See Colchicum. ura Digitalis. — See Digitalis. ura Ferri Chloridi. — See Ferrum. ura Gallas. — See Galla. ura Gambir Composita. — See Gambir. ura Gelsemii. — See Gelsemium. ura Gentianas Composita. — See Gentiana. ura Guaiaci. — See Guaiacum. ura Guaiaci Ammoniata. — See Guaiacum. ura Herbarum Recentium. — Eng., Tincture of Fresh Herbs. ura Hydrastis. — See Hydrastis. ura Hyoscyami. — See Hyoscyamus. ura Iodi. — See Iodum. ura Ipecacuanhas et Opii. — See Opium. ura Kino. — See Kino. ura Kramerias. — See Krameria. ura Lactucarii. — See Lactucarium. ura Lavandulae Composita. — See Oleum Lavandulae Florum. ura Limonis Corticis. — See Limon. ura Lobelias. — See Lobelia. ura Moschi. — See Moschus. ura Myrrhas. — See Myrrha. ura Nucis Vomicae. — See Nux Vomica. ura Opii. — See Opium. ura Opii Camphorata. — See Opium. ura Opii Deodorati. — See Opium. ura Physostigmatis. — See Physostigma. ura Pyrethri. — See Pyrethrum. ura Quassias. — See Quassia. ura Quillajas. — See Quillaja. ura Rhei. — See Rheum. TRITICUM. TRITURATIO. TROCHISCUM. 321 Tinctura Rhei Aromatica. — See Rheum. Tinctura Sanguinariae. — See Sanguinaria. Tinctura Scillae. — See Scilla. Tinctura Serpentariae. — See Serpentaria. Tinctura Stramonii. — See Stramonium. Tinctura Strophanthi. — See Strophanthus. Tinctura Tolutana. — See Balsamum Tolutanum. Tinctura Valerianae. — See Valeriana. Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata. — See Valeriana. Tinctura Vanillae. — See Vanilla. Tinctura Veratri. — See Veratrum. Tinctura Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. TRITICUM. Latin, Triticum. Eng., Triticum. Synonym, Couch-grass. The dried rhyzome of Agrophyron rep ens. Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). Official Preparation. Fluidextractum Tritici. Eng., Fluidextract of Triticum. Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Emollient and demulcent. Uses. — Has been recommended in the treatment of chronic cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis, etc. Seldom prescribed. TRITURATIO— Trituration. Triturations are powdered preparations containing 10 per cent, of the active drug and 90 per cent, of Sugar of Milk. The following trituration is official : Trituratio Elaterini. — See Elaterinum. TROCHISCUM— Troche. Troches or lozenges are solid discoid or cylindrical masses con- sisting chiefly of medicinal powders, sugars, and mucilage. They are intended to be used by placing them in the mouth and allowing them to remain until, through slow solution or disintegration, their pur- pose of mild medication is effected. They are not often prescribed. The following nine troches are official : Trochisci Acidi Tannici. — See Acidum Tannicum. Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi. — See Ammonium. 21 322 ULMUS. UNGUENTUM. Trochisci Cubebae. — See Cubeba. Trochisc Gambir. — See Gambir. Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. — See Opium. Trochisci Krameriae. — See Krameria. Trochisci Potassii Chloratis. — See Potassium. Trochisci Santonini. — See Santonica. Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis. — See Sodium. ULMUS. Latin, Ulmus. Eng., Elm. Synonym, Slippery Elm Bark. The dried bark of Ulmus fulva. Official Preparation. Mucilago Ulmi. Eng., Mucilage of Elm. Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent, astringent. Uses. — Is sometimes used internally for gastritis, dysentery, cystitis, etc., and externally it is a popular household remedy in the form of poultices, for deep-seated pain. Seldom prescribed. UNGUENTUM— Ointment. Ointments are fatty, soft-solid preparations intended to be applied to the skin by inunction. The following twenty-four ointments are official : Unguentum. — See Adeps. Unguentum Acidi Borici. — See Acidum Boricum. Unguentum Acidi Tannici. — See Acidum Tannicum. Unguentum Aquae Rosae. — See Rosa. Unguentum Belladonnas. — See Belladonna. Unguentum Chrysarobini. — See Chrysarobinum. Unguentum Diachylon. — See Plumbum. Unguentum Gallae. — See Galla. Unguentum Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati. — See Hydrargyrum. Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum. — See Hydrargyrum. Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis. — See Hydrargyrum. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. — See Hydrargyrum. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri. — See Hydrargyrum. Unguentum Iodi. — See Iodum. Unguentum Iodoformi. — See Iodoformum. Unguentum Phenolis. — See Phenol. Unguentum Picis Liquidae. — See Pix Liquida. Unguentum Potassii Iodidi. — See Potassium. UVA URSI. VALERIANA. 323 Unguentum Stramonii. — See Stramonium. Unguentum Sulphuris. — See Sulphur. Unguentum Veratrinae. — See Veratrum. Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. — See Zincum. Unguentum Zinci Stearatis. — See Zincum. UVA URSI. Latin, Uva Ursi. Eng., Uva Ursi. Synonym, Bearberry. The dried leaves of Arcto staph as it is desired to give grains or minims at a dose. For example : Sodii Iodidi, Elix. Aromatici q. s. f'Sviij M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water three times a day. This would give about 60 doses, and as a drachm is 60 grains each dose will contain about as many grains as there are drachms in the 24 3/0 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. total quantity of the salt. If it is desired to give 5 grains at a dose write for 5 drachms of the salt. A 4-fluidounce prescription would naturally require one-half the number of drachms or fluidrachms as grains or minims were desired at a dose. Fluid prescriptions of any size may be adjusted on this basis. The same rule would apply in writing for 60 pills or cap- sules or greater or less amounts adjusted as in the case of fluids. In metric prescriptions the following excellent scheme has been suggested : A gramme or a cubic centimeter contain about 15 or 16 grains or minims respectively. The slight difference is immaterial. In order- ing fluid preparations base the calculations on a 60 Cc. quantity (about 2 fluidounces) with teaspoonful doses; this will give about 16 doses. For each item (except, of course, the vehicle) write for as many grammes or cubic centimeters as it is desired to give grains or minims at a dose. For example : Sodii Bromidi, Elix. Aromatici q. s. 601 M. Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. As this would contain about 16 doses and a gramme is about 16 grains, for each gramme of the salt ordered, the patient would get a grain at a dose. So if it is desired to give ten grains of the salt at a dose, write for ten grammes in the inscription. Larger or smaller prescriptions can be arranged on the same basis. In ordering capsules, pills, etc., if the prescription calls for 15 or 16 the patient will get as many grains in each dose as there are grammes in the total quantity. Prescriptions for greater or less num- ber can, of course, be calculated on the same basis. The scheme is too simple and its advantages too obvious to require discussion. It is a safe plan to calculate the amounts by one of the methods mentioned and, in rechecking, to use another, as this reduces the chance for error to a minimum. CHOICE OF VEHICLE. In selecting a vehicle for a liquid prescription the prescriber must consider its solvent action, compatibility, taste, odor, color, and cost. Solvent Action. — If it is desired to administer a drug in solution the vehicle must naturally be one that will dissolve that particular CHOICE OF VEHICLE. 371 substance. This matter is discussed at some length elsewhere, but the following general rules will bear repetition : Salts (metallic or alkaloidal) and gums are usually more soluble in aqueous liquids. Alkaloids, oils, resins, oleoresins, and some coal- tar products are more soluble in alcoholic liquids. If it is desired to administer a drug in suspension the vehicle must naturally be one that will not dissolve that particular drug. Compatibility. — This is taken up in detail on page 401. Taste. — The matter of taste is one that cannot be overlooked. Unpleasant developments, as nausea and vomiting, may result from a disagreeable preparation. The patient may, if an adult, refuse to take the medicine, and, if a child, the struggle to administer the dose may often more than counterbalance the good effect of the remedy. To a certain extent the people demand to be cured not only quickly but pleasantly, and if one physician can not or will not do it another will. Odor. — Disagreeable odors are usually unnecessary and possess all the bad features mentioned in regard to taste. Color. — Under this head might be included the matter of general appearance. When it is possible to do so without a sacrifice of qual- ity, it is certainly better to order a preparation that will be elegant in appearance. Color often has some psychic effect. It is very common to hear a patient rail against the doctor who "did not give me any- thing but water." Cost. — This is often a factor. Unless there is a definite reason for so doing, an expensive vehicle should not be employed. The remark is common when a doctor writes for an expensive proprietary q. s. : "I do not think that it is much good, but it makes a good vehicle." The patient has to pay for that good vehicle. The following very imperfect list of vehicles are among those worthy of special mention : Water should be considered as the one great vehicle, and em- ployed unless there is some reason against its use. Make it the agent of first thought in prescribing solutions, and elaborate from it. Distilled Water is valuable when it is desired to use a vehicle free from matter that might result in chemical action, as in pre- scribing silver nitrate, etc. Peppermint-water, Cinnamon-water, and Chloroform-water are valuable where there is nausea and for disguising the taste of many salts. 3/2 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Aromatic Elixir, which contains about 25 per cent. Alcohol, is a very valuable vehicle. It is a good solvent, has a pleasant taste and odor, and the alcoholic content makes it a good preservative. It is particularly desirable in prescribing such salts as the bromides, alkaloidal salts, etc. Compound Digestive Elixir has some medicinal virtue and is an excellent vehicle, particularly in treating certain forms of digestive disturbances. It has a brilliant-red color and decidedly pleasant taste. Syrup of Tolu, Syrup of Lemon, Syrup of Wild Cherry, and Syrup of Squills are used particularly in prescribing cough mixtures. They are used as the vehicle alone or with water. Mucilage of Acacia, Syrup of Acacia, and Syrup are frequently employed when insoluble agents are to be suspended in a liquid. Compound Tincture of Gentian and Compound Ticture of Cin- chona are used as vehicles in prescribing bitter tonics. They, of course, are not compatible with ferric salts. They contain about 50 per cent, alcohol, which must be taken into consideration. Tincture of Sweet Orange and Compound Spirit of Orange are good alcoholic vehicles, particularly for such drugs as creosote, guaiacol, etc. Alcohol is an indispensable part of many other vehicles and is frequently used alone, as when prescribing agents requiring its sol- vent effect or preservative action. Glycerin is frequently employed alone or in connection with other vehicles, particularly for such agents as phenol, iodine, tannic acid, etc. Soap Liniment is a useful vehicle in prescribing liniments. To it can be added such agents as chloroform, menthol, etc. Liquid Petrolatum is the vehicle of common choice for prescrib- ing oil-soluble drugs as sprays, particularly such agents as camphor, menthol, and the volatile oils. Sugar of Milk is the most commonly used vehicle in prescribing powders. It is an inert, white powder, without odor and of a mildly sweet taste. Aromatic Powder is a finely powdered mixture of spices, and is often useful in disguising taste and odor and in giving bulk and color to powders. Petrolatum for ointments occupies the place that water does for solutions. It should be the vehicle used unless there is some reason to the contrary. It is inert, odorless, clean, and permanent. Ointment of Rose-water is an excellent ointment base. QUANTITY OF A PRESCRIPTION. 373 Hydrous Wool-fat is used as a vehicle in ointments when absorp- tion of the active agent is desired. QUANTITY OF A PRESCRIPTION. Only a comparatively small per cent, of the medicine manufac- tured is actually taken by patients. Much is lost from one cause and another while still in the hands of the manufacturer. The ware- houses of the wholesale druggists are fairly packed with it that has spoiled, is out of date, unpopular, etc. A good part of the retailers' gross profits are represented by similar articles, and last, but not least, almost every family has a medicine chest which, in spite of fre- quent "cleaning ups," contains the remains of many prescriptions usually representing the poor judgment of the prescriber. The cus- tom of prescribing in quantities too large has many objections. The patient is put to unnecessary expense ; the unused portion remains as a monument to the doctor's error, for it is usually an error to pre- scribe more than a patient needs. The patient feels that if the physi- cian had understood the case he would not have prescribed two or or three times more than was necessary. It may be used in subse- quent sickness with unfortunate results, in that or some other family, or either by its aid or in spite of it the future patients recover without a consultation and the doctor is deprived of a legitimate fee. In many instances even where a considerable quantity of the agent will be used it may be advisable to prescribe comparatively small amounts on account of possible deterioration, as in the case of cer- tain syrups in warm weather. The quantity should usually be such as the prescriber feels reasonably sure the patient will require before deterioration occurs or a change is necessary or a cure is effected. As examples : In prescribing an ointment of yellow mercuric oxide for the eye- lids, 1 drachm is usually all that is necessary. In any event it is enough to order, as the possibility of dust from the atmosphere, dirt from fingers, etc., makes it desirable not to use the same package too long. For a case of scarlatina where it is desired to prescribe a cold- cream application for the skin during desquamation, a half-pound or pound may be ordered at one time to advantage. To break up a cold one dozen capsules may be more than enough, while in prescribing ferrous carbonate for chlorosis a prescription for less than 100 doses will probably be putting the patient to unnecessary trouble and expense. 374 • PRESCRIPTION WRITING. As a rule in conditions of more or less chronic character, where the patient is under observation and the necessity for change pos- sible, from seven to ten days' treatment is a convenient amount. If a liquid is being administered in teaspoonful doses three times a day, three or four fluidounces would be the amount indicated. A study of almost any prescription file shows a distressing num- ber of 16-dose tonics and 64-dose headache mixtures. The prescriber should always remember that too great a dis- crepancy either way between the needs of the patient and the amount of his order shows a lack of grasp of the situation and may well shake the confidence of the patient. With regard to having the pa- tient frequently refill small prescriptions the prescriber should re- member that the druggist justly makes a charge for his time, and usually four two-ounce prescriptions will cost the patients two or three times as much as one eight-ounce prescription calling for the same ingredients. PROPORTIONING DOSAGE. By the dose of a drug is meant the average dose for the average adult under average conditions. Variations from the usual require special consideration. The prescriber must consider the age, size, sex, temperament, habits, and condition of the patient, and the action of the drug employed. Age. — Young's rule is the one most commonly used for propor- tioning the dose for a child. It is : Divide the age of the child in years by the age plus twelve to obtain the fraction of the adult dose. For example : If the adult dose of a medicine is 20 grains, to find the dose for a child four years old, divide the age (4) by the age (4) plus 12 to obtain the fraction of 20 grains desired : 4 . A - x l -f 12 — 16 " 4 ' 4 Five grains would, therefore, be the dose for a child four years old. Another rule is : Make 20 the denominator of a fraction the numerator of which is the age of the child expressed in years. The result is the fraction of the adult dose. By this method if the dose for an adult is 20 grains, to find the dose for a child four years old the following would be the calculation : s = «- 5° £20 = 4 - Four grains would, therefore, be the dose required. WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. 375 It will be observed that these rules only apply to those children whose ages are expressed in years. In the case of infants each is a problem unto itself. Size. — The size of a patient is naturally an important factor. It would be manifestly unwise to expect a child four years old and weighing only 20 pounds to tolerate what would be a normal dose for another child of the same age and weighing 40 pounds. A man six feet high and weighing two hundred pounds may require different dosage from one five feet high and weighing one hundred pounds. Sex. — Women are, on the average, smaller than men; their organs are smaller ; they have less blood ; they are weaker and per- form less work. These facts should receive due consideration in prescribing, and the average dose is usually smaller than for men. There are some exceptions ; for example, purgatives, which are gen- erally required in larger doses and stimulants in comparatively smaller doses for women than for men. Temperament. — This in some instances is an important factor. For example : A patient of a highly nervous type can tolerate less strychnine than can one of a phlegmatic temperament. Habit. — This must often be considered. One addicted to opium, alcohol, coffee, etc., will require larger doses of these drugs to pro- duce a desired effect than will one who has not previously used them. A patient who has been taking potassium iodide can frequently be given comparatively large doses without unpleasant effect. Condition. — The condition of the patient is almost always an im- portant consideration. The weak, anemic patient may not be able to tolerate the same dose of a purgative that would be a benefit to one who was of the robust, full-blooded type. A child in the paroxysmal stage of whooping-cough may be given antipyrine to advantage in doses several times the usual proportion. The Drug. — Some drugs are exceptions to the foregoing rules. For example : The same dose of castor oil is usually given to a child over two or three years old as to an adult. Calomel is ordinarily given in comparatively large doses to children, while opium is usu- ally best administered in comparatively small amounts to children. WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. In connection with the writing of prescriptions, particularly with the matter of the signatura or instructions for label, it is important to consider the means of giving more complete directions to patient 376 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. or nurse, as it must be remembered that the label space is limited and yet that instructions should be complete. As elsewhere sug- gested, it is best to leave with each case special instructions which may be conveniently written on the regular prescription blanks, and a carbon copy retained by the prescriber and filed with the copies of prescriptions and other data relating to that case. Where a trained nurse is in charge the matter may often be simple, but where, as is usually the case, an anxious and excited mother or wife is the one to look to, the instructions can hardly be too explicit. Where sev- eral medicines are to be given, a time chart is almost indispensable if correctness is to be expected. This, with the other instructions, may be arranged something like the following, which is taken from the instructions left for a case of tonsillitis: .ul^aA... ul.c^cf.. L^^-^rn For . v7 C, ■>l<* Q,mrt y^-cuU. ^Oc/J^^ ffcsuc^, ^cf^c^i -i*J "TULA*, J sC^W^/ls-^eiJ-**^- -*-'£ ^AJLA- /S^mX "T^UsTl, /Q(rU, WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. 377 LstktiSCXL 9^ $ 9 ii 3 J- L 7 ^C- sCcousO /Gisis-aC GsCc&isi* -C<£<~ ZUZA. £L/<£Lsu sLtzweA. £>C. (jl^p.) , Compare the appearance of the short abbreviations with more complete writing. Ether is not the correct writing of the official word. It is unnecessary to instruct the druggist to make a solution; he could not make anything else by mixing these ingredients. What would the patient think if the druggist carried out his orders and wrote the above directions on the label? PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 425 7 / Qrt. '<(SLcj aaj&XLa, JLsuto^Lj (fn/u><- fvo-usvi. As this is an expectorant mixture it is not often indicated unless the child is old enough to expectorate. The spirit of nitrous ether is often omitted if there is no fever. Even a small dose of ipecac will frequently cause nausea ; so the pre- server should be on his guard. 426 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Frequently used during the paroxysmal stage of whooping-cough For Margins should be observed. Antipyrine does not have the genitive ending i. It only comes in crystal- line form. The aromatic elixir would appear better written more completely, as the name above it is long. The character 3 calls for weight and not volume. The total quantity is too much for this class of remedy. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 427 For [/Iawu^ t.Ql £ 'Lea. As this is only to be used to control the paroxysms, a small amount should be ordered. Instructions are given that the prescription is not to be refilled, else the family may use it too long or in subsequent cases of cough when it would be inadvisable. Tincture of belladonna leaves is frequently added to the above. This should be given in water. 428 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Prescribed for cough. For [DO** ^.J^.....^ - v r J VlX^L^L^*-^^^ ^£-CXA-d Heroine is very sparingly soluble and not often stocked. The salt should be used. A carbonate is incompatible with the free acetic acid in syrup of ipecac. The abbreviation Ipecac, is too well understood by the laity, and nausea often occurs from the psychic effect of even a small dose. Periods should follow abbreviations. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 429 ^yfou.jJ-Cl. /d**usru. Syrup of ipecac, contains free acetic acid; but in this instance the amount is small as compared with the carbonate. The carbonate can be used in this combination with the heroine and wild cherry alone, or apomorphine hydrochloride in about %0-grain doses. The full expectorant dose of the syrup of ipecac. (15 minims) is often not well tolerated. 430 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Used in treating a "dry cough." \s vJl^i / X^JL^LA-^-txjAeX -e OisiaA?. Attention is called to the rather unusual arrangement of the items in the inscription. To get a good solution the druggist must dissolve the acetanilide in the aromatic spirit of ammonia, and the other solids in the elixir and then mix the two solutions. The arrangement is to indicate that order. 28 434 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Used as a sedative in hysteria, convulsions, threatened abortion, etc For./k)£^(SkyM*£^^ *lrn ■— a^^ / s c^-^ /^)jLu^^J^ Information as to age is incomplete. The sign " should never be used in prescription writing. A very short word is usually best not abbreviated. When one more letter will complete a word its omission indicates lack of information. The subscription is misplaced. The arrangement of the directions could be improved. Margins are not properly observed. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 437 a, a AAsCU, -^A^ CLAs , clsvvwi> '.S • j^uaXtA/ ju/. ^ r % c^my^ n,0~4sL / is / l PV^L/tl> This is frequently ordered to be taken after every action or every second action. Instructions should always be left as to just how much water must be used in diluting the dose. In the "acid intoxication" this is sometimes used with an increase in the amount of sodium bicarbonate, in which case more of the vehicle must be used or the vehicle made thicker and a shake label employed. 438 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. In a case of mucous diarrhea, after the intestinal tract had been cleansed by a purgative, the following was ordered. F 0r cltt^LlM^AidL AA^«JL. Oft. "Mrs. Bill" may not be considered respectful. The arrangement of the drugs is not good. Acidi is better not abbreviated. Magnesium ends in ii in the genitive. Peppermint is not the official name of the drug wanted. An i should be dotted and a t crossed. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 439 ForW?A,.Mf.,..^ lA^l^cbs ..:.. .LlI.-. ^uO.0^^7^^..:.. It /) tu^Al Note the ending of sulphurous acid is underscored. It is not very fre- quently used, and might be misread as sulphuric acid. Patient may be instructed to take the dose with one or two tablespoon fuls of water, and to clean the teeth afterward, but not to remove the remedy from the throat, as by eating or drinking soon after a dose has been taken. 444 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Prescribed for a case of acute "rheumatism." ^tUJ^S^MsM^. JUuU (UJU*. <&"*• f^^ Ou*u* -rnuxk. Oil-}*- ffi Or). The arrangement on the sheet is open to criticism. In an acute condition, particularly if painful, energetic treatment is usually indicated. Vinum colchici is not the full name of the agent wanted. The disease should never be specified on the label. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 445 „( W Zif.,..i^4, fr^rrK* 2 v ' 'I* ~TTr r Ol^lAl, Instructions should be left as to reducing dosage upon relief of pain or development of unpleasant effects, as ringing in ears, etc. Some patients seem to tolerate the salicylates better if they are administered in cold milk. As an adjunct to this treatment many employ massage with a liniment containing oil of wintergreen or methyl salicylate. 446 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Prescribed for the high fever incident to the early stages of certain acute diseases. For ....lh.M^. / hl. !!^.*J***f. J± 7$tez). CLjLc^^ / Q^jCU^c^/i Spir. Nitris Dulcis is not the name of the agent wanted. Solution is not the official Latin term for the class of preparation wanted. The directions to druggist and patient are best treated as separate paragraphs. The quantity is too large and the dosage not sufficiently intense for an acute condition. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 447 f 17 'J- sims sVucJja, sOt/sOus trfuvU, nt>~usi^. OsviAl Lemonade is often a desirable diluent for a remedy of this type. In using a combination of this character the prescriber should have patient sufficiently under observation to enable him to discontinue the medi- cine at the proper time. The trend of the profession is toward the employment of water as the one great antipyretic. 448 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. First prescription for a patient with high blood-pressure and urine with low specific gravity. For ..'2??^^ The nitrate is not the salt desired. Large doses of sodium nitrite should never be used until the effect of smaller doses has been noted. A small bottle containing a smaller dose would be indicated to begin the treatment. Iodi is the genitive for iodine, but not for iodide. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 449 £ CUf^2J^L..t For Or. Note that the attention of the compounder is called to the word nitritis, which closely resembles nitratis. The direction "in a glass" is changed to "with a glass." The patient often can better take a dose with a small amount of the diluent ordered and use the rest to remove the taste from the mouth, in preference to drinking a whole glass of a disagreeable mixture. The dilution in the stomach is the same, of course. It is often more desirable to give a preparation of this type with water. 29 450 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Prescribed for a patient suffering from anemia, loss of appetite, general weakness, etc. For %^L^^^St^^=^A. %ii^A. ^jw^. @lJU^, /3jteucuff i In a prescription of this type it is better to list the ingredients in the order in which they should be mixed. Nux vomica added to tincture of ferric chloride would cause a precipitate of iron tannate. If the phosphoric acid is added to the iron first the reaction does not take place. Nux in the genitive changes to nucis. The directions would be better if transposed. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 451 For QhkJ^JdL^ka^^yiL Ow/t^ Attention is called to the instructions that the preparation be taken in water. Dilution lessens the action on the teeth, renders the taste less dis- agreeable, and aids the action as a bitter tonic. In ordering an iron solution the physician should always instruct that the preparation be taken through a tube and the teeth cleansed after each dose. 452 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. The following "Four Chlorides" tonic is often prescribed. For /./^k?.. :.\L^<^^rr. /^I^^^y^. i. G^JJ^G^**"^ few ? .3 , yz* x * v S^-^7 ' /^Us~z)(^J) A^^/^^^^ "Mrs. Sam" may be objectionable. The mercuric salt being a solid, a potent drug and one of the principal ingredients, should be written first. The arsenic solution, as the most potent and probably important of the liquids, should be written before the others. There is no reason why this should not be concentrated to a 6-ounce solution with teaspoonful dose. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 453 For , o, Ct- /^(kaZwi, D J 7 } A & fa 'V pwi/ft SYV\ It is particularly desirable in prescribing preparations as the above to give the patient written instructions as to the amount of water to use, the time of taking, the use of a glass tube, and the cleaning of the teeth after each dose. 454 For PRESCRIPTION WRITING. fh^KA^i l^L^^^.L csXi^^^^JU MiJ^+tAJ^' ~^ ss G^^ cL^<-*-^^&~~4/ Prescribed as an agreeable quinine prepa- ration for a child. The principle in pre- paring so-called "taste- less" quinine is to use a salt that will dissolve only to the smallest pos- sible extent so that it will not come into con- tact with the special nerve elements in such form as to be appre- ciated. The age of the pa- tient should be given. Liquorici is not the proper name of the drug wanted. The vehicle should be used in sufficient quan- tity to make up to 2 fluidounces. The sulphate is prob- ably the best salt for "tasteless" quinine mix- tures. The tannate is the least bitter of the quinine salts, but has to be given in larger amounts and at least is slower and more uncer- tain in action. It is usually possible to ascertain the prefer- ence of the child as to flavor. Glycyrrhiza may be distinctly disagree- able to some, while syrup of chocolate would be very agreeable. Written instructions may be given as to shaking; the mixture. For % aam. Lsk^.^^y.^(:. LL...^ps.. ..).. SS l / 7 Oh-. St yV^wi I OU^UL^ jlX. , /isV-V~-y>. ^i, C^ui/f^, PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 455 Used as a tonic par- ticularly in chronic ma- laria. Liquor Arseni Chlor- idi and Tinctura Ferri are not the proper names for the prepara- tions wanted. It is unnecessary to use distilled water in a preparation of this char- acter. ad may well be omit- ted. The directions are subject to improvement. Physician's name should be more care- fully written. ^£7 7 V fry/. ^jEksLs^kk^X. ^/l/VlsyW^fi-*~ //fuses!*, 7^6/vw (Ljuun,-, 7 QA Where the condition was not malarial the amount of quinine sul- phate would probably be reduced. Written instructions should be given patient as to amount of water, use of glass tube, clean- ing teeth, etc. It should be remem- bered that a quinine so- lution is always in- tensely bitter and that patients are apt to dis- continue the remedy. 456 For. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. ,31.f, @l*^u Prescribed for indi- gestion. Pepsini here calls for the U. S. P. product, which is standardized at 1 to 3000; so further specification is unneces- sary. Acldi Hyd. Dil. might mean the diluted hydro- chloric, hydrobromic, hy- drocyanic or others. The label should in- dicate that the prepara- tion is to be diluted for administration. It should be remem- bered that a preparation of this character without instructions as to diet, manner of eating, etc., is practically useless. It is probably best to discontinue the use of the pepsin preparation gradually. It may be first omitted after the lightest meal of the day, then used only after the principal meal, etc. For - f^ttir %-A farL. Qyou •Lt/i Xty KcJJ 0~Us\, cws/fy , PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 459 Ordered for a child 5 years old when a diag- nosis of roundworms had been made. All glucosides, neu- tral principles, etc., have the genitive ending i. Santonin, although sometimes prescribed recklessly, is rather a potent drug, and this dose is too large. This should be pre- scribed with something to dilute and render more palatable. It is probably wise to instruct that the above is not to be triturated, as the crystals of santonin are more apt to reach the lower intestinal tract than the powdered drug. For ..^^f^^frr. V ?^*?^.....L Or) 4v .e*u ™*rnr. (&*V- For Si &&&&„Jz±/U&^ ^u 7 s ? b. /VU, XV. T JIAAJ rlxH^UX^ . 0W1/K. This should be fol- lowed by an active pur- gative, as a tablespoon- ful of castor oil. Many prefer to give the san- tonin and sugar of milk without the calomel and follow with a purgative later. Written instructions should be left with the family as to diet, etc. The best time for admin- istering the above is probably in the morning, so that it can be prop- erly followed by the castor oil and then by the colon irrigation. 460 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. For typhoid fever, etc. Salol is neither the official Latin nor the proper English name of the drug wanted. It is usually best to express a quantity by its largest denomination. It is probably inad- visable to prescribe salol alone in capsules. It is not often ad- visable to order more than 5 grains of a sub- stance to each capsule. As the drug is almost odorless and tasteless, there is no objection to giving in powders. The size of the dose and the tendency to form con- cretions would indicate against the use of cap- sules. If it is ordered in capsules it should be mixed with a small amount of some soluble powder, as milk sugar, to cause the disintegration of the lump resulting from packing in the cap- sules. For IJ^.^M^.S/ &k%Iz?. T7 fJ/vu, ^ /^LZUt-^S^, . Yfpyn O^yvuZ^i J+y 0t*,aA,Lj&&^^ vf/Us dAwvw cuL (vutfsn-v CjA 55 Tvcl-SsU, Ova v~L X t- ioj- ^u, cufsO^ ^ca^L ryWLCLJ—* ^itPtA^K. An important point here is the use of the concentrated products in cap- sules to replace the old custom of using the fluidextracts, which constituted such a disagreeable mixture, and frequently led to gastric disturbances. The same idea will often apply in prescribing. It is usually best in prescribing potent drugs to write out the names as completely as possible. 30 466 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Prescribed for a patient recovering from malaria. He was slightly anemic, had no appetite, was weak and generally "run down." For .../h\:..i^^ 6-,*^ 4* L)t 'yisO . XX)f (QsUL*- X. f? Adult is unnecessary, as Mr. conveys that information. The abbreviation for of each is not properly made. It is usually best to list the most potent drugs first. The druggist selects them first for several good reasons. The prescriber would not wish t. i. d. on the label, so should not instruct the druggist to put it there. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 467 {J/hu* cuf£tA* sCv-tA /U o / /UfT^VV-^Asl \SsUL&S., Q icf- . Qt.fb. deof. n^c. w ^*p£&srtS?l. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 469 Prescribed for amebic dysentery. The inscription can be better written. It is impossible to put sufficient directions on the available label space ; so it is best to make out a special sheet of in- structions to be left with the patient. These writ- ten instructions should of course include diet, etc. For. R L zJd.lJL»mJZjkSAl&4* ?*.+ lUl. &nZt*. -7** ^ h "/oA^L OA* ^> 4a^k_ Z 7 /7 o-~y^<- ^c^j^A dUf^x^JtxD , [■ Complete written in- structions should, of course, be left with pa- tient as to baths, site of applications, etc. The pharmacist will charge for putting this into doses ; so when econ- omy is a factor the ointment may be ordered in bulk and the direc- tions made to read : Apply a teaspoonful every night. 474 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Prescribed- for a case of scabies. For ....^^<^^ CDfuty <*^ Sulphur, unless otherwise specified, means the sublimed or common, which is not the best to use here. Peru is not the full word wanted ; so should either be carried out or a period used. The quantity here would be too much for a 1-ounce jar and too little to look well in a 2-ounce jar. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 475 For L$OL&/^^ (/JL&kSL) UyiutA/tA, [j/ZCLXJ2cJ^ / o ;T 7 sCuj^>£^ CuWR. Phenol may be added to this if marked itching is a factor. Boric Acid is often used in the above formula. After the ointment has been thoroughly applied the area may be dusted with bismuth subnitrate for comfort and protection to clothing. 478 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. vr JjL^/\^^ For ^CC^VL f & ~jfcuyT*J~~ Prescribed for ec- zema, particularly of the scrotum. Camphor is not a gum. Petroleum Jelly is not the proper name of the agent wanted. It is unnecessary to instruct that an ointment be made, as nothing else could result from mixing the above ingredients. The ointment boxes used by the majority of druggists admit of only limited label space. Camphor and hy- drated chloral will liquefy when triturated together, and with the petrolatum should form a smooth ointment. Written instructions should be left as to man- ner and frequency of ap- plication, use of water, oil, etc. From 1 to 5 grains of cocaine hydrochloride are sometimes added, but is usually unnecessary. For $£.**&&. yJklaauuu^ fa Cl^U Ou^i^K- PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 479 This ointment is fre- quently ordered for sore eyelids. There is no advan- tage in specifying the color of the patient, but age should be indicated. Petroleum Jelly is not the official name of the agent wanted. The quantity of the ointment is too large for the purpose intended, as it might become contam- inated, and only a small amount is usually re- quired. An abbreviation should be followed by a period. The prescription should be signed. &*-4 tc/Lflj&t* ^ faone^r i% tn. v (fax O^fA*******- fa, When a small quantity of an oil is wanted for flavoring it is better to prescribe drops, as 5 minims are not easily measured. Cold Cream is not the official name of the preparation wanted. The quantity of the ointment is entirely too small for the purpose intended. The abbreviation a.a. is both improperly made and placed. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 481 For JllZkL^ddJ^ sOOvaAA, g~ tC oi^i/rt This formula is frequently employed for such conditions as orchitis, infected hands and feet, etc. Ammoniated mercury is frequently added when an active antiseptic is desired. The area is often painted with tincture of iodine before applying oint- ment. If iodine is used mercury must be omitted. Camphor and phenol are frequently employed additions to the above. 31 482 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. This has been used for prickly heat. tyh The manner of giving the name of patient might be improved upon. Boracic Acid is not the name of the drug wanted. It would be well to emphasize the fact that the ingredients should be rubbed well. If the directions for applying are too long to put on a label it would be well to remind patient that there is a special method of employment. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 483 For &.#dtf_jfaA..^ r a ^ C^sLl. / \sO^\st~-e~<— i 9 // lShon^> Z*,, S. V ^OC^L Z~Cs/ic Qsuvn ->c OL, #~" (hi,. 7k£^u ff*4b Lu^- rjy^. / /yjZjLtts^. As 2 minims cannot well be measured in the average pharmacy, it would probably be well to prescribe drops. Atomizers are usually so constructed that a larger amount of the liquid would be necessary for the best results if the treatment was many times repeated. It would be well to indicate in the directions the use of the preparation. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 485 'stsyv<<~ ZZ.lV for This character of remedy is usually employed to follow an aqueous cleansing spray. The tendency of the profession seems to be to make their oil solution rather irritating by ordering too much of the volatile oils. Particular attention is called to the use of the official liquid petrolatum as a vehicle to replace less ethical products. 486 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Ordered for the use of the physician as a local application in the treat- ment of follicular tonsillitis. \^>K^*^Cla~ It is preferable for many reasons for the prescriber to specify the actual amount of each ingredient. This, of course, would be too dangerous a preparation for the layman to use, and when having the patient purchase for the physician's use it is better to so specify. It would be well to order the bottle labeled "Poison" or "Not to be taken." PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 487 Far C Wfl/lt&UL. \*£ (/fi^fi*'} isua-OvU^ /^CvcU^, /u*i n^y\ ^ayi Asor%L*i /VLLbUsiasus. n^i/7% PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 497 Ordered as an ex- ternal application for tonsillitis, enlarged cer- vical glands, etc. Even in the case of children it is best to em- ploy the correct name. The surname should also be given. The quantity is too large for the purpose desired. Tr. is not the best ab- breviation for tincture. Iodidi is not the geni- tive for the Latin name of Iodine. Margins should be better observed. /^*^K^t^ 5. "0<~ For.. r.V.£^..^Adl. (gfeAj., tf\ /-> — _ * _ J Ou^W?? "Paint the neck" was probably not sufficiently definite, as only a com- paratively small part is usually to be covered. It is best, when possible, for the physician to make the first applica- tion to show family the method of applying and the area to be covered. An application will sometimes be kept up in- definitely unless instruc- tions are given as to when to discontinue. This constitutes the well-known "Iodine and Aconite" of the dentist. It is used by them for toothache, etc. 32 498 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. & <*H, ££<£y (JUiAJLA^- Used with massage on a patient suffering from soreness following violent exercise. Chloroform does not have the genitive ending is. A prescriber should have some definite term for each purpose, and q. s. seems more desir- able than ad, though the latter is entirely correct. The quantity is too small for the purpose in- tended. The directions may be improved upon. This is probably best used following a hot bath. It may be made to act as a better rubefa- cient by covering for a short time with the hands or a woollen cloth. Camphor is some- times added to the above. The use of a liniment of this type is frequently preceded by the applica- tions of hot turpentine steeps. For J... ld.u./l€Z..<^... 0?l £av(A^Cti/l 0y\ exsw, a** *> <£^^*' /pLa^lu ft. 0lsvl/?% '. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 499 Prescribed as a local application in orchitis complicating" mumps. The arrangement on the sheet is not good. Guaiacol is usually a liquid ; so it is unneces- sary to specify. The majority of pre- scriptions are for in- ternal use. Such is un- derstood where specifi- cations are not to the contrary. If a preparation is not to be administered by mouth the directions should, with rare excep- tions, indicate the fact. a For . %&A '7 vQ ry\ w a, Jscasisfift™ J y(x> (*Usj sUZ^vt M^si^L**- ^^i/y Cwi/ft. This is frequently used during the febrile stage. As this usually lasts only about four days or less, a fluidounce is all that is necessary. In prescriptions for local use it is better to have the first word of the directions call atten- tion to the fact that it is not to be taken. 500 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. Prescribed for a small superficial burn. For Ou^A^ '3#>^e-y (&%»:). f^-LA^i K. It would be better to order the ingredients by their official titles. Such a small quantity as a fluidrachm of a thick, tenacious liquid is best ordered by weight. A shake label should be used. The total quantity should be made to suit containers in common use. PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 501 For \(M/t. Z^kufW. (J>.. % if u^2 ■ A^fec ■UsJAs':'vLu ~ZLu ^u~ otct^u . Owi/ft . This does not make a clear solution, so should be shaken before used. A larger per cent, of the balsam is frequently employed, but may irritate if long applied. Two fluidounces of a preparation of this character will usually be dis- pensed at the same price as the above. CLINICAL INDEX. Abscess. page Balsam of Peru 78 Hydrogen Peroxide 67 Iodine ($) 201 Quinine 126 Abortion, Threatened. Facsimile Prescription 435 Bromides (B) 95 Hydrated Chloral ($) 119 Opium ($) 246-251 Viburnum Opulus (B) 326 Viburnum Prunifolium (B).. 327 Acidosis. Calomel (3) 186 Sodium Bicarbonate (B) 299 Acne. Cascara Sagrada (B) 282 Sodium Benzoate (B) 87 Adenitis. Facsimile Prescritions, 481,497,499 Aconite (B) 43 Belladonna (3) 83 Camphor 106 Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 Guaiacol 178 Ichthyol ($) 198 Iodine ($) 201 Alcoholism. Facsimile Prescription 433 Acetanilide 13 Ammonia (R) 56 Belladonna (3) 84 Bromides 96 Calomel 185 Capsicum Ill Digitalis 147 Hops 182 Hyoscine 195 Hyoscyamus 196 Paraldehyde (3) 295 Scopola 295 Trional 310 Alkalinuria. page Acid, Boric 16 Sodium Benzoate (f£) 87 Alopecia. Alcohol ($) 51 Bay Rum ($) 306 Cantharides Ill Potassium Carbonate 222 Quinine (R) 132 Resorcinol ($) 279,280,306 Amebic Dysentery. See Dysen- tery. Amenorrhea. Aloes (B) 54 Cimicifuga 125 Cotton-root Bark 176 Hedeoma 180 Iron (3) 160 Manganese 218 Viburnum Opulus ( I£ ) 326 Viburnum Prunifolium (I£)... 327 Anasarca. See Dropsy. Anemia. Facsimile Prescriptions, 451, 453, 455, 467, 470 Acid, Hydrochloric ($) 24 Arsenic (B) 71,72 Ferric Chloride ( R ) 163 Ferrous Sulphate (B) 160 Ferrous Carbonate (Ifc) 160 Ferrum Reductum (Ifc) 161 Manganese 218 Angina Pectoris. Amyl Nitrite 61 Iodides (3) 205 Morphine 245 Nitroglycerin 175 Sodium Nitrite (3) 303 Anorexia. Facsimile Prescriptions, 451, 453, 455, 467 Acid, Phosphoric 29 (503) W CLINICAL INDEX. Anorexia (continued). page Cardamom 113 Malt 182,218 Nux Vomica ($) 230 Quassia 277 Serpentaria 297 Appendicitis. Belladonna (U) 83 Opium ($) 252 Apoplexy. Croton Oil (5) 242 Elaterin 149 Iodides (3) 204 Jalap (U) 268 Ascites. See Dropsy. Argyria. Hexamethylenamine 181 Arteriosclerosis. Iodides 205 Arthritis. Facsimile Prescriptions . . . 445, 481 Guaiacol ($) 178 Guaiacol Carbonate (B) 178 Hexamethylenamine ( 3 ) 181 Iodine (B) 201 Salicylates (B) 33,34 Asphyxia. Ammonia 56 Asthma. Adrenalin 171 Calcium 101 Conium 140 Cubeb 145 Gelsemium 169 Grindelia 177 Iodides (3) 204 Lobelia 214 Nitroglycerin 175 Oil of Juniper 237 Sabal 286 Squill 294 Stramonium ( R ) 308 Bed-sores. Alcohol 51 (See also Ulcers.) Blepharitis. Facsimile Prescription 479 Bromidrosis. Alum (B) 55 Bromidrosis (continued). page Bismuth Subnitrate (IJ) 93 Bronchitis. Facsimile Prescriptions, 425, 485, 489, 491 Acacia (B) 10 Acetphenetidin 14 Aconite 42 Alcohol 51 Ammonium Salts ( B ) 58, 59 Benzoates 86 Benzoin (B) 85 Brandy (3) 52 Calcium Chloride 101 Camphor (B) 106,107 Chloroform (I*) 121 Citrates (B) 21,22 Codliver Oil 238 Codeine (3) 247 Creosote ($) 142,143 Cubeb 145 Eucalyptol 154 Glycyrrhiza 175 Grindelia 177 Heroine (B) 250 Hexamethylenamine ( B ) 181 Hypophosphites ( B ) 27 Iodides (3) 204 Iodine 200 Ipecac (U) 207 Lobelia 214 Menthol (3) 223 Mustard 298 Opium 247,250,251 Senega 296 Spirit of Nitrous Ether 49 Squill 294 Styrax 309 Tar 266 Tartar Emetic 63 Terebene ( B ) 316 Terpin Hydrate (3) 317 Burns. Facsimile Prescription 501 Arnica 70 Balsam of Peru ($) 78 Camphor (3) 108 Castor Oil ($) 240 Lime Liniment ( R ) 103 CLINICAL INDEX. 505 Burns (continued). page Linseed Oil 213 Picric Acid (3) 29 Calculi. Belladonna 81 Citrates 20 Glycerin 173 Hexamethylenamine (B) 181 Spirit of Nitrous Ether (B).. 49 Cancer. Arsenic • 71 Potassium Hydroxide 274 Zinc Chloride 329 Catarrh, Nasal. See Nasal Ca- tarrh. Chancroids. Acid, Nitric 27 Silver Nitrate 68 Chapped Skin. Glycerin (B) 174 Petrolatum 256 Rose Water (3) 285 Chlorosis. Facsimile Prescription 470 Arsenic 71 Ferrous Carbonate, Mass (B). 160 Ferrous Carbonate, Pills (B). 159 Ferrous Sulphate ( fy ) 160 Chorea. Arsenic -. 71 Cimicifuga 125 Gelsemium 169 Salicylates 32 Cirrhosis, Hepatic. Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 Iodides 203 Clavus. Acid, Salicylic (U) 30 Collodion ($) 138 Indian Cannabis (fy) 110 Colic. See Indigestion. Cold. See Coryza. Comedo. Acetanilide (B) 13 Acid Sulphuric (B) 33 Magnesium Sulphate (R.) 217 Conjunctivitis. Facsimile Prescription 479 Acid, Boric 16 Conjunctivitis (continued). page Argyrol ($) 69 Castor Oil (B) 240 Cocaine (f£) 135 Yellow Mercuric Oxide ( R ) . . 193 Constipation. Facsimile Prescription 422 Aloes (3) 53,54 Belladonna (3) 83 Cascara Sagrada (B) 281,282 Castor Oil (3) 240 Colocynth (R) 139 Euonymus ..." 154 Glycerin 173 Glycyrrhiza 175 Honey 220 Leptandra 211 Liquid Petrolatum (B) 257 Malt 218 Mercury Salts and Prepara- tions (B) 185-188 Nux Vomica ( $ ) 230-233 Olive Oil 239 Potassium Bitartrate 275 Podophyllum (B) 269 Prune 275 Rhubarb 283 Senna 297 Soap 290 Sodium Phosphate (3)... 303,304 Sodium Sulphate (3) 304 Sulphur 311 Taraxacum 315 Convulsions. Facsimile Prescription 463 Amyl Nitrite 61 Bromides (3) 96 Hydrated Chloral (B) 119 Coryza. Acetphenetidin ( Ifc ) 14 Acetanilide (B) 12 Acid, Acetylsalicylic (I£) 37 Ammonium Carbonate (B)... 58 Belladonna (B) 83 Caffeine (U) 98 Camphor (B) 106,107 Citrates (3) 20 Eupatorium (B) 155 Hyoscyamus 196 506 CLIXICAL INDEX. Coryza {continued) . page Phenyl Salicylate ( ft ) 36 Powder of Ipecac and Opium (ft) 250, 251 Quinine (ft) 128, 129 Cough. Facsimile Prescriptions, 423, 425, 427, 429, 431, 489, 491 Acid, Hydrocyanic 24 Ammonium ( ft ) 58, 59 Antipyrine (ft) 65 Apomorphine ( ft ) 247 Benzoin (ft) 85 Benzoates 86 Citrates (ft) 21 Bitter Almond 60 Chloroform (ft) 122 Codeine (ft) 247 Creosote (ft) 142,143 Glycyrrhiza 175 Heroine (ft) 247 Honey 220 Hyoscyamus ( ft ) 197 Ipecac' (ft) 207 Lemon (ft) 212 Marrubium 219 Sanguinaria 289 Spirit of Nitrous Ether (ft).. 49 Tar 266 Tartar Emetic 63 Tolu (ft) 79,80 Wild Cherry (ft) 276 Cretinism. Thyroid Gland 172 Croup. Aconite (ft) 43 Ammonium Bromide (ft)... 96,97 Belladonna (ft) 82 Conium 140 Hydrated Chloral (ft) 119 Ipecac (ft) 207,208 Paregoric (ft) 248 Potassium Bromide (ft) 96 Cystitis. Facsimile Prescription 471 Acid, Boric 16 Argyrol 69 Belladonna (ft) 82 Benzoates ( ft ) 86 Cystitis (continued). page Citrates (ft) 21 Copaiba 141 Cubeb 145 Elm 322 Hexamethylenamine ( ft ) 181 Hyoscyamus (ft) 197 Opium (ft) 251 Phenyl Salicylate 34 Protargol 69 Quinine 126 Saw Palmetto 286 Spirit of Nitrous Ether (ft).. 49 Triticum 321 Uva Ursi 325 Zea 328 Cystocele. Alum 55 Dandruff. See Alopecia. Dermatitis (Drug, Poison Ivy, etc.). Facsimile Prescription 477 Acid, Boric 16 Salicylic (ft) 31 Bismuth (ft) 93 Camphor (ft) 108 Hydrous Wool-fat (ft) 46 Thymol (ft) 319 Diabetes. Arsenic . . . . 71 Codeine 245 Iodol 199 Saccharin 87 Diarrhea. Facsimile Prescriptions, 437, 439, 441 Acacia (ft) 10 Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 Sulphuric (ft) 39 Betanaphthol (ft) 88 Bismuth Salts (ft) 91,92 Brandy 51 Camphor 106 Catechu 115 Cerium 1 16 Chloroform 120 Chondrus 123 Gambir 168 Geranium 171 Guarana 179 CLINICAL INDEX. 507 Diarrhea (continued) . page Hematoxylon 179 Kino (B) 210 Lead Acetate 268 Magnesium Sulphate (R) 216 Naphthalene (B) 228 Opium (U) 248,249 Phenol ($) 260 Phenolsulphonates 261 Phenyl Salicylate (3) 35 Rubus 286 Sulphur (B) 91 Sulphur 311 Witchhazel 180 Diphtheria. Acid, Lactic 27 Sulphurous ( R ) 39 Aconite ($) 43 Corrosive Mercuric Chloride (B) 191 Digitalis 147 Hydrogen Peroxide 67 Lime Water 101 Nitroglycerin 174 Potassium Chlorate ( R ) 273 Silver Nitrate 68 Strychnine 231 Tincture of Ferric Chloride (B) 164 Dropsy. Facsimile Prescription 463 Apocynum 65 Caffeine 98 Digitalis (R) 148 Jalap (B) 208 Potassium Acetate (B) 270 Potassium Bitartrate (B) 272 Spirit of Nitrous Ether (B) . . 49 Squill 294 Uva Ursi 323 Dysentery. Facsimile Prescriptions, 437, 439, 441 Acid, Tannic ( Ifc ) 41 Bismuth Subnitrate ( Ifc ) 91 Brandy 51 Chalk, Prepared (3) 102 Chalk Mixture (3) 102,103 Chloroform 120 Chondrus 123 Dysentery (continued). page Elm 322 Geranium 171 Ipecac 207 Krameria 201 Opium ($) 248,249 Phenolsulphonates 261 Phenyl Salicylate ( 3 ) 36 Silver Nitrate 68 Sulphur ($) 91 Sulphur 311 Dysmenorrhea. Belladonna 81 Bromides (3) 95,96 Cimicifuga 125 Gelsemium 169 Ginger 332 Viburnum Opulus ( ty ) 327 Viburnum Pruni folium (B)... 328 Dysentery, Amebic. Facsimile Prescription 469 Ipecac ( Ifc ) 36 Phenyl Salicylate ($) 36 Quinine ($) 131 Dyspepsia. See Indigestion. Ecchymoses. Ammonium Chloride 60 Eclampsia. Bromides 94 Calomel 185 Elaterin 149 Physostigmine 263 Veratrum 326 Ecthyma. Acid, Boric (U) 18 Resorcinol ( B ) 280 Tar ($) 267 Eczema. Facsimile Prescription 478 Acid, Salicylic 30 Arsenic 71 Calamine 99 Calomel (R) 192 Camphor (I*) 108 Codliver Oil 238 Hydrated Chloral (B) 119 Hydrous Wool-fat ( B ) 4.6 Oil of Cade (3) 236 Phenol (B) 261 508 CLINICAL INDEX. Eczema (continued). page Sodium Thiosulphate 305 Starch 62 Talcum 315 Tar (3) 266 Zinc Oxide 329 Edema. See Dropsy. Endocarditis. Salicylates (3) 34 Endometritis. Iodine (3) 202 Phenol 258 Silver Nitrate 68 Eneuresis. Belladonna 80 Bromides 94 Valerian (3) 324 Enterocolitis. Facsimile Prescriptions ... 437,441 Acid, Sulphuric 39 Bismuth Subnitrate (5).... 91,92 Brandy (U) 52 Catechu 115 Chalk Mixture (3) 102,103 Chloroform 120 Kino (3) 210 Magnesium Sulphate 268 Paregoric (3) 249 Phenol 260 Phenyl Salicylate 35 Tincture of Deodorized Opium (3) 249 Sulphur (3) 91 Epididymitis. Aconite (3) 44 Guaiacol (3) 178 Lead Subacetate ( $ ) 268 Opium (3) ... 251 Epilepsy. Amyl Nitrite 61 Arsenic 71 Bromides (3) 95 Epistaxis. Adrenalin 171 Gambir 168 Iron 159 Erysipelas. Ichthyol 198 Iodine 201 Erysipelas (continued) . page Iron (3) 162 Lead Acetate 268 Potassium Permanganate 274 Quinine 126 Strychnine 228 Erythema (Venenatum, Scarla- tiniforme, etc.) Facsimile Prescription 477 Acetanilide (3)... 12,13 Acid, Boric (3) 18 Adrenalin (3) 172 Bismuth (3) 93 Chalk (3) 104 Cocaine (3) 135 Magnesium (3) 217 Morphine (3) 252 Felons. Alcohol 51 Fever Blisters. Bismuth (3) 93 Calomel (3) 191 Camphor 105 Cold Cream 284 Fissure. Cocaine 134 Collodion 138 Silver Nitrate 68 Flatulence. Acid, Sulphurous 39 Asafetida (3) 74 Caraway 114 Cardamom 113 Compound Spirit of Ether (3) 48 Eserine 263 Fel Bovis 155 Ginger (3) 332 Hedeoma 180 Hops 182 Lavender, Compound Tincture (3) 237 Nutmeg 227 Peppermint (3) 221 Physostigma 263 Sodium Bicarbonate (3) 300 Sumbul 312 Freckles. Acid, Salicylic 30 Alcohol (3) 52 CLINICAL INDEX. 509 Freckles (continued). page Corrosive Mercuric Chloride .. 184 Furunculosis. Facsimile Prescription 481 Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 Aconite (B) 43 Alcohol ($) 51 Belladonna (3) 83 Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 Ichthyol ($) 198 Iodine (I*) 201 Linseed 213 Lead Plaster (B) 268 Gall-stones. Belladonna 81 Olive Oil 239 Opium 245 Gastric Ulcer. Adrenalin 171 Belladonna 81 Bismuth Subnitrate 101 Iron 156 Magnesium Carbonate 101 Magnesium Oxide (R. ) 217 Olive Oil 239 Silver Nitrate 68 Sodium Bicarbonate 299 Goiter. Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 Arsenic 71 Digitalis (3) 146 Ergot (3) 151 Iodine (3) 201 Iron Arsenite ( f£ ) 161 Quinine 126 Salicylates 32 Thyroid Gland 172 Gonorrhea. Facsimile Prescription 495 Acid, Boric (B) 17 Argyrol ($) 69 Belladonna ($) 82 Catechu (B) 115 Copaiba 141 Cubeb 145 Hexamethylenamine (B) 181 Hydrastine (B) 195 Lead Acetate (3) 268 Lithium Benzoate ( B ) 86 Gonorrhea (continued). page Mercury, Corrosive Chloride (3) 191 Methylene Blue 225 Opium (3) 252 Phenol (B) 260 Phenyl Salicylate 34 Potassium Bromide (B) 96 Potassium Citrate (B) 21 Potassium Permanganate (R). 274 Protargol 69 Quinine .....*. 126 Silver Nitrate 68 Sodium Bromide (Ifc) 96 Terpin Hydrate 317 Uva Ursi 323 Zea 328 Gout. Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 Citrates 20 Colchicum ($) 137 Hexamethylenamine (B) 181 Salicylates (B) 34 Grip. See Influenza. Hay Fever. Belladonna 81 Cubeb 145 Eucalyptol ( B ) 154 Quinine 126 Headache. Facsimile Prescription 433 Acetanilide (3) 11,12 Acetphenetidin 14 Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 Ammonia, Aromatic Spirit (Ifc) 56 Ammonium Bromide (I$>) 96 Antipyrine 64 Caffeine (B) 98 Camphor, Monobromated (Ifc). 109 Cannabis Indica 109 Gelsemium 169 Heart Disease. Caffeine (B) 99 Convallaria 140 Digitalis ($) 147-149 Potassium Acetate (B) 270 Bromides 94 Musk 226 Sparteine (B) 295 510 CLINICAL INDEX. Heakt Disease (continued). page Squill (ft) 294 Strophanthus 303 Strychnine (ft) 232 Valerian (ft) 324 Hemorrhage. Acid, Tannic 40 Adrenalin 171 Alum 55 Calcium Lactate 101 Calcium Chloride (ft) 102 Cotton-root Bark 176 Ergot (ft) 152 Krameria 210 Quinine (ft) 128 Hemorrhoids. Acid, Tannic ( ft ) 41 Adrenalin 171 Cocaine 135 Gambir 168 Hematoxylon 179 Witchhazel 180 Herpes. Alum (ft) 55 Arsenic 71 Bismuth (ft) 93 Calamine (ft) 99 Cocaine ( ft ) 136 Menthol (ft) 224 Xux Vomica (ft) 233 Quinine 126 Hiccough. Facsimile Prescription 433 Acetanilide 12 Bromides (ft) 96 Musk 226 Hookworm. Facsimile Prescription 468 Thymol 319 Hvpekchlorhvdria. Bismuth Subnitrate ( ft ) 92 Calcium Carbonate (ft) 103 Magnesium Oxide (ft) 217 Olive Oil 239 Sodium Bicarbonate 299 (See also Gastric Ulcer.) Hyperidrosis. Acid, Boric (ft) 18 Camphoric 106 Hyperidrosis (continued) . page Acid, Salicylic (ft) 31 Alcohol 51 Alum 55 Belladonna 81 Hypertension. Facsimile Prescription 449 Aconite ( ft ) 43 Amyl Nitrite 61 Iodides (ft) 205 Potassium Bitartrate (ft) 272 Sodium Nitrite (ft) 303 Veratrum 326 (See also Apoplexy, Nephritis, Uremia, etc.) Hysteria. Facsimile Prescription 435 Ammonia ( ft ) 55 Arsenic ( ft ) 72 Asafetida (ft) 74 Camphor, Monobromated 106 Cypripedium 146 Ether, Compound Spirit (ft) 47,48 Ginger (ft) 332 Glycerophosphates 26 Hops 182 Hyoscyamus 196 Hypophosphites 26 Lactucarium 211 Musk 226 Paraldehyde (ft) 253 Peppermint 221 Sumbul (ft) 312,313 Valerates (ft) 325 Valerian (ft) 324 ]leocolitis. See Enterocolitis. J MrETIGO. Bismuth (ft) 93 Ichthyol 198 Mercury (ft) 191 Phenol 258 Sulphur 311 Indigestion. Facsimile Prescription 456 Acid, Hydrochloric 23, 24 Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 Acid, Phosphoric 29 Belladonna 81 Betanaphthol 88 CLINICAL IXDEX. 511 Indigestion {continued) . page Bismuth (3) 92 Capsicum Ill Charcoal 112 Chloroform (U) 121 Euonymus 154 Hops" 182 Ipecac (R) 207 Nux Vomica ( $ ) 231-233 Oxgall 156 Pepsin (3) 255,256 Quassia 277 Serpentaria 297 Strychnine (B) 232 Indigestion, Acute. Ammonia ( B ) 56, 57 Belladonna 81 Chloroform (3) 122 Ether (3) 47 Ipecac (B) 207 Opium (B) . 249 Peppermint ( Ifc ) 221 Valerian (3) 324 Indolent Ulcers.- See Ulcers. Infections, Local. Facsimile Prescription 493 Belladonna ($) 83 Cresol 144 Ichthyol (3) 198 Iodine (B) 201 Mercury (B) 190 Potassium Permanganate 274 Inflammation. See Infections, Local. Influenza. Acetphenetidin ( J£ ) 14 Acid, Acetylsalicylic (B) 37 Ammonium ( 3 ) 59 Belladonna (3) 84 Caffeine (B) 98 Camphor (3) 106,107 Citrates 20 Codeine (B) 247 Creosote (3) 143 Eupatorium 155 Hyoscyamus (3) 196 Opium (B) 251 Phenyl Salicylate ( 3 ) 35 Quinine (B) 129 Influenza (continued). page Strychnine 228 Insect Bites. Hedeoma 180 Iodine (3) 201 Witchhazel 180 Insomnia. Chloralformamide 117 Hydrated Chloral 118 Paraldehyde (B) 253 Sulphonethylmethane ( R ) 309 Sulphonmethane (B ) 310 Intestinal Pabasites. See Hook- worm, Pinworm, Roundworm, Dysentery, etc. Itch. See Scabies. Jaundice. Acid, Xitrohydrochloric 28 Hexamethylenamine 181 Mercury 184 Olive Oil 239 Sodium Phosphate (3) 303 (See also Calculi, Malaria, etc.) La Grippe. See Influenza. Laryngitis. Acid, Lactic 27 Benzoin (3) 85 Camphor (3) 107 Creosote (B) 143 Menthol ($) 223 (See also Bronchitis, Cough, Influenza, etc.) Leucorrhea. Facsimile Prescription 495 Boroglyceride ( B ) 18 Ichthyol (3) 198 Iodine (B) 202 Potassium Permanganate (3). 274 (See also Endometritis, Gonor- rhea, etc.) Lymphadenitis. Facsimile Prescriptions, 479, 481,499 Belladonna (3) 83 Ichthyol (3) 198 Iodine (3) 201 Guaiacol (B) 178 Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 Lymphangitis. See Lymphadenitis. 512 CLINICAL INDEX. Malaria. page Facsimile Prescriptions, 454, 455, 467 Acid, Sulphuric 39 Arsenic (3) 71 Iron ($) 160,161,163 Methylene Blue 225 Quinine (3) 128-130 Mastitis. Facsimile Prescription 481 Aconite ( fy ) 43 Belladonna (3) 83 Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 Ichthyol (3) 198 Iodine (3) 201 Menorrhagia. Facsimile Prescription 465 Cotton-root Bark 176 Ergot (3) 152 Hydrastis (3) 194 Quinine (3) 128 Strychnine (3) 132 (See also Endometritis, Subin- volution, etc.) Metrorrhagia. See Menorrhagia. Measles. See Bronchitis, Coryza, Cough, etc. Migraine. See Headache. Miliaria. See Prickly Heat. Myalgia. Facsimile Prescription 498 Chloroform (3) 123 Menthol (3) 224 Soap Liniment 290 (See also Rheumatism.) Nasal Catarrh. Facsimile Prescription 485 Acid, Boric 16 Eucalyptol (3) 154 Petrolatum, Liquid (3) 257 Sodium Bicarbonate (3) 301 Thymol 318 Nausea. Acid, Hydrocyanic 24 Adrenalin 171 Bismuth 92 Cerium Oxalate (3) 116,117 Cocaine ( 3 ) 134 Phenol 258 Nephritis. page Facsimile Prescription 463 Ammonium Acetate 57 Calomel 184 Digitalis (3) 148 Iodides (3) 205 Jalap (3) 208 Oil of Juniper 237 Oil of Turpentine 316 Potassium Acetate (3) . . . 270, 271 Potassium Bitartrate (3) 272 Squill (3) 294 Zea 328 (See also Dropsy, Uremia, etc.) Nervousness. See Hysteria, Neu- rasthenia, etc. Neuralgia. Aconite ( 3 ) 44 Antipyrine 64 Caffeine (3) 98 Cannabis Indica 109 Cantharides Ill Chloroform (3) 123 Colchicum 137 Gelsemium 169 Hydrated Chloral 120 Menthol 223 Salicylates 32 (See also Headache and Rheu- matism.) Neurasthenia. Arsenic (3) 72 Asafetida (3) 74 Cypripedium 146 Glycerophosphates 26 Gold and Sodium Chloride — 78 Hypophosphites 26 Lactucarium 211 Musk 226 Phosphorus (3) 262 Sumbul (3) 312,313 Valerates (3) 325 Valerian (3) 324 New Growths. Acid, Glacial Acetic 15 Acid, Nitric 27 Acid, Trichloracetic 42 Arsenic 71 Chromium Trioxide 123 CLINICAL INDEX. 513 New Growths (continued). page Potassium Hydroxide 274 Orchitis. Facsimile Prescriptions . . 481, 499 Belladonna ($) 83 Gnaiacol (U) 178 Ichthyol (B) 198 Lead 268 Opium (B) 251 Otitis Media. Facsimile Prescription 496 Alcohol 51 Phenol (B) 259 Palpitation. Bromides (B) 95 Hyoscyamus (R.) 196 Strychnine (U) 232 Sumbul (U) 312 Valerates (B) 325 (See also Hysteria and Neu- rasthenia.) Pharyngitis. Facsimile Prescription 443 Acid, Sulphurous ( R ) 39 Acid. Tannic ($) 41 Antiseptic Solution 16 Argyrol 69 Ferric Chloride, Tincture (B). 164 Potassium Chlorate (ty) 273 Rhus Glabra 284 Thymol 318 Phthisis. See Tuberculosis. Pi x worms. Castor Oil 239 Quassia (B) 277 Quinine (3) 133 Santonin (B) 290 Pleurisy. Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 Iodine (U) 201 Mustard 298 (See also Bronchitis, Cough, and Influenza.) Pneumonia. Aconite 42 Alcohol 51 Ammonium 57 Camphor 106 Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 Pneumonia (continued). page Citrates (R) 21 Codeine 242 Creosote (3) 142,143 Ipecac ($) 207 Mustard 298 Squill 294 Strychnine 228 (See also Bronchitis, Cough, and Influenza.) Prickly Heat. Facsimile Prescription 483 Acid, Boric (B) 17 Salicylic (B) 31 Starch (B) 62 Zinc Oxide ($) 330 Pruritus. Facsimile Prescription 478 Acid. Hydrocyanic 24 Acid. Salicylic 30 Argyrol 69 Camphor (3) 108 Cocaine ( Ifc ) 136 Hydrated Chloral (3) 119 Menthol (3) 260.261 Phenol ($) 260,261 Starch 62 Sulphur (I*) 312 Psoriasis. Acid, Salicylic (3) 31 Chrysarobin ( 3 ) 124 Collodion (B) 138 Ether (B) 48 Purpura. Calcium Chloride (3) 102 Calcium Lactate 101 Ergot (3) 152 Pyelitis. Citrates 20 Hexamethylenamine (Ifc) 181 Methylene Blue 225 Pareira 253 Uva Ursi 323 Renal Colic See Calculi. Retention of Urine. See Cal- culi and Nephritis. Rheumatism. Facsimile Prescriptions . . . 445, 498 Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 33 514 CLINICAL INDEX. Rheumatism (continued). page Acid, Salicylic . 30 Arnica 70 Belladonna (I*)- 83 Chloroform (ft) 122 Citrates 20 Colchicum (ft) 137 Guaiac 179 Guaiacol Carbonate (ft) 178 Iodides (ft) 204 Lithium (ft) 20,34 Mezereum 225 Oil of Turpentine 316 Phenyl Salicylate 34 Salicin 288 Stillingia 307 Xanthroxylon 328 (See also Arthritis.) Rhinitis. Facsimile Prescriptions ... 485-491 Acid, Boric 16 Adrenalin 171 Antipyrine (ft) 64 Argy rol 69 Eucalyptol (ft) 154 (See also Coryza and Influ- enza.) Ringworm. See Tinea. Roundworms. Calomel 185 Castor Oil 239 Oil of Turpentine 316 Phenyl Salicylate (ft) 35 Santonin (ft) 290 Spigelia 305 Thymol 318 Salivation. Acid, Tannic (ft) 40 Belladonna (ft) 84 Honey of Rose ( ft ) 285 Myrrh 227 Scabies. Facsimile Prescription 475 Betanaphthol (ft) 89 Chalk (ft) 104 Lard (ft) 45 Naphthalene 228 Oil of Cade (ft) 236 Resorcinol (ft) 280 Scabies (continued). page Sodium Thiosulphate (ft) 305 Soft Soap (ft) 290 Staphisagria 307 Sulphur (ft) 311 Seborrhea. Betanaphthol (ft) 88,89 Castor Oil (ft) 240 Resorcinol (ft) 280 Spirit of Myrcia (ft) 306 Sinusitis. Facsimile Prescription 491 Adrenalin 171 Antipyrine 64 Benzoin (ft) 85 Camphor (ft). 107 Menthol (ft) 223 (See also Coryza, Influenza, Headache, etc.) Spasmodic Laryngitis. See Croup. Sprain. Arnica 70 Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 Chloroform (ft) 122 Lead Acetate 268 Menthol (ft) 224 Oil of Turpentine 310 Opium (ft) 251 Stomatitis. Facsimile Prescription 443 Acacia (ft) 9 Acid, Boric 16 Sulphurous (ft) 39 Borax 301 Ferric Chloride, Tincture (ft). 163 Hydrogen Peroxide 67 Myrrh (ft) 227 Potassium Chlorate ( ft ) 273 Rhus Glabra 284 Subinvolution. Boroglyceride ( ft ) 18 Ergot (ft) 152 Glycerin 173 Hydrastis (ft) 194 Ichthyol (ft) 198 Iodine (ft) 202 Potassium Permanganate (ft). 174 Quinine (ft) 128 Strychnine (ft)... 232 CLINICAL INDEX. 515 Syphilis. page Facsimile Prescriptions ... 457,473 Acid, Nitric 27 Arsenic 71 Berberis 88 Iodides (3) 204,205 Iodoform 199 Iodol 199 Mercury, Ammoniated ( R ) . 192, 193 Mercury, Corrosive Chloride ($) 187,188,189,191 Mercury, Mass ( 3 ) 186, 187 Mercury, Ointment (3) . . 189, 190 Mercury,Mild Chloride ( $ ) . 186,187 Mercury, Red Iodide (#) 187 Mercury, Yellow Iodide ($) . 187,188 Mercury with Chalk (U).. 186,187 Sarsaparilla ( B ) 192 Stillingia 307 Xanthroxylon 328 Tapeworm. Aspidium ( IJ ) 75 Chloroform (B) 122 Croton Oil 241 Cusso 145 Granatum 176 Pelletierine 176 Pumpkin Seed 253 Threatened Abortion. See Abor- tion, Threatened. Tinea. Facsimile Prescription 475 Betanaphthol (B) 89 Chrysarobin ( Ifc ) 124 Hydrous Wool- fat ( U ) 46 Naphthalene 228 Oil of Cade (B) 235 Resorcinol 280 Soft Soap (U) 291 Sulphur (3) 311 Tinea Versicolor. Corrosive Mercuric Chloride (3) 190 Sodium Thiosulphate ( R ) . . . . 305 (See also Tinea.) Tonsillitis. Facsimile Prescriptions, 443, 487, 497 Acetphenetidin 14 Tonsillitis (continued). page Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 Acid, Sulphurous (B) 39 Acid, Tannic (R) 41 Aconite (B) 43 Argyrol (3) 69 Ferric Chloride, Tincture (R) . 164 Guaiac 179 Hydrogen Peroxide 67 Iodine (B) 201 Myrrh 227 Phenyl Salicylate 34 Phenol (3) 259 Potassium Chlorate (ffc) 273 Protargol 69 Rhus Glabra 284 Rubus 286 Salicylates (B) 34 Silver Nitrate ( $ ) 68 Toothache. Facsimile Prescription 497 Aconite (B) 43 Cocaine 134 Creosote 142 Iodine (5) 201 Oil of Cloves 114 Tuberculosis. Acid, Camphoric 100 Acid, Lactic 27 Bismuth Paste 90 Codliver Oil 238 Codliver Oil (B) 27 Creosote (B) 142,143 Creosote Carbonate (B) 142 Glycerophosphates 26 Guaiacol 177 Hypophosphites (R-) 27 Ichthyol 198 Iodoform 199 Olive Oil 239 Terpin Hydrate 317 (See also Anorexia, Cough, etc.) Turgescent Rhinitis. See Rhi- nitis, Turgescent. Tympanites. Asafetida (3) • 74 Bismuth (U) 91 516 CLINICAL INDEX. Tympanites (continued). page Eserine 263 Oil of Turpentine (ft) 316 Oxgall 156 Phenyl Salicylate (ft) 35 Typhoid Fever. Facsimile Prescription 460 Asafetida (ft) 74 Betanaphthol (ft) 88 Bismuth (ft) 91,92 Brandy 51 Calomel (ft) 185 Citrates 20 Hexamethylenamine ( ft ) 181 Glycerophosphates 26 Hypophosphites 26 Iodine 200 Menthol 223 Naphthalene 228 Phenyl Salicylate (ft) 35 Phenolsulphonates 261 Oil of Turpentine 316 (See also Diarrhea, Tympani- tes, etc.) Ulcers. Acid, Glacial Acetic 15 Acid, Nitric 27 Acid, Trichloracetic 42 Balsam of Peru (ft) 78 Calamine 99 Eucalyptol 154 Hydrogen Peroxide 67 Iodine (ft) 201 Iodol 199 Mercury (ft) 193 Protargol 69 Quinine 126 Silver Nitrate 68 Zinc Chloride 329 Zinc Oxide (ft) 330 (See also Syphilis, etc.) Uremia. Calomel 185 Croton Oil (ft) 242 Digitalis (ft) 149 Elaterin 149 Jalap (ft) 208 Morphine 245 Pilocarpine (ft) 264 Uremia (continued). page Sparteine (ft) 295 Veratrum 326 (See also Hypertension, Ne- phritis, etc.) Urethritis. See Cystitis and Gonorrhea. Vaginitis. Facsimile Prescription 495 Alum 55 Argyrol (ft) 69 Boroglyceride (ft) 16 Iodine (ft) 202 Lead Acetate 268 Potassium Permanganate (ft). 274 Silver Nitrate 68 Zinc Sulphate 331 (See also Gonorrhea, Pruritus, etc.) Vomiting. Acetanilide (ft) 11 Acid, Sulphurous 39 Amy] Nitrite 61 Arsenic ( ft ) 73 Bismuth 90 Cerium Oxalate (ft) 116 Cocaine (ft) 134 Iodine 200 Peppermint ( ft ) 222 Phenol 258 (See also Nausea.) Vulvitis. Argyrol (ft) 69 Acid, Salicylic ( ft ) 30 Cocaine (ft) 136 Hydrated Chloral (ft) 119 Phenol (ft) 261 (See also Leucorrhea, Pruritus, Vaginitis, etc.) Whooping-cough. Facsimile Prescription 427 Antipyrine ( ft ) 65 Asafetida 74 Belladonna (ft) 82 Benzoin (ft) 85 Conium 140 Creosote (ft) 142,143 Gelsemium . . .- 169 Hyoscyamus (ft) 197 CLINICAL INDEX. 517 Whooping-cough (continued), page Lactucarium ( R. ) 211 Quinine 126 Terpin Hydrate 317 (See also Bronchitis, Cough, Laryngitis, etc.) Worms. See Hookworms, Pin- worms, Roundworms, Tape- worms, etc. Wounds. Alcohol 51 Wounds (continued) . page Cresol 144 Hydrogen Peroxide ( B ) 67 Iodine ($) 201 Iodoform 199 Iodol 199 Mercury ( U ) 190 Potassium Permanganate 274 Oil of Turpentine 316 Witchhazel 180 (See also Infections, Local.) GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Abbreviations 350 Abortifacient 2 Absolute Alcohol 50 Absorbent Cotton 176 Acacia 9 Acetanilide 10 Acetanilidum 10 Acetic Acid 15 Acetic Ether 48 Acetone 13 Acetonum 13 Acetphenetidin 13 Acetphenetidinum 13 Acetum 13 Opii 242 Scillae 294 Acetylsalicylic Acid 37 Acid, Acetic 15 Acetic, Diluted 15 Acetic, Glacial 15 Acetylsalicylic 37 Arsenous 70 Benzoic 85 Boracic 15 Boric 15 Camphoric 106 Carbolic 257 Citric 18 Chromic 123 Gallic 22 Hydriodic, Diluted 202 Hydrobromic, Diluted 22 Hydrochloric 22 Hydrochloric, Diluted 23 Hydrocyanic, Diluted 24 Hypophosphorous 24 Hypophosphorous, Diluted 25 Lactic 27 Muriatic 22 Nitric 27 Nitric, Diluted 27 PAGE Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 Nitrohydrochloric, Diluted .... 28 Nitromuriatic 28 Oleic 28 Phosphoric 28 Phosphoric, Diluted . . . 28 Prussic, Diluted 24 Salicylic 29 Stearic 37 Sulphuric 38 Sulphuric, Aromatic 38 Sulphuric, Diluted 38 Sulphurous 39 Tannic 40 Tartaric 41 Trichloracetic 42 Acids 5 Acidum Aceticum 15 Aceticum Dilutum 15 Aceticum Glaciale 15 A cetylsalicylicum 37 Benzoicum . . . 85 Boricum 15 Camphoricum 106 Citricum 18 Gallicum 22 Hydriodicum Dilutum 202 Hydrobromicum Dilutum 22 Hydrochloricum 22 Hydrochloricum Dilutum 23 Hydrocyanicum Dilutum 24 Hypophosphorosum 24 Hypophosphorosum Dilutum .. 25 Lacticum 27 Nitricum 27 Nitricum Dilutum 27 Nitrohydrochloricum 28 Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. 28 Oleicum 28 Phosphoricum 28 Phosphoricum Dilutum 28 (519) 520 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Acidum Picricum 29 Salicylicum 29 Stearicum 37 Sulphuricum 38 Sulphuricum Aromaticum 3& Sulphuricum Dilutum 38 Sulphurosum 39 Tannicum 40 Tartaricum 41 Trichloraceticum 42 Aconite 42 Fluidextract 42 Tincture 42 Aconitina 42 Aconitine 42 Aconitum 42 Adeps 44 Benzoinatus 44 Lanae 45 Lanae Hydrosus 45 Adhesive Plaster 268 Adjuvant 359 Elixir 175 Adrenalin 171,172 iEther 46 Aceticus 48 ^Ethylis Carbamas 50 Chloridum 50 Alcohol 5, 50 Absolute 50 Absolutum 50 Diluted 50 Dilutum 50 Ethyl 50 Aldehyde 5 Alkali 6 Alkaloid 5 Allspice 265 Almond, Bitter 60 Sweet 60 Aloe 52 Purificata 53 Aloes 52 Aloin 53 Aloinum 53 Alterative 2 Althaea 54 Alum 54 PAGE Alum, Burnt 54 Dried 54 Exsiccated 54 Alumen 54 Exsiccatum 54 Alumini Hydroxidum 55 Sulphas 55 Aluminum Hydroxide 55 Sulphate 55 American Hellebore 325 Ammonia Liniment 57 Water 55 Water, Stronger 56 Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin 175 Mercury 182 Mercury, Ointment of 183 Tincture of Guaiac 179 Tincture of Valerian 323 Ammonii Benzoas 86 Bromidum 94 Carbonas 57 Chloridum 58 Iodidum 202 Salicylas 32 Valeras 324 Ammonio-ferric Alum 157 Ammonium 55 Benzoate 86 Bromide 94 Carbonate 57 Chloride 58 Iodide 202 Muriate 58 Salicylate 32 Valerate 324 Amygdala Amara 60 Dulcis 60 Amyl Nitrite 61 Amylis Nitris 61 Amylum 61 Anesthetic 4 Anaphrodisiac 5 Animal Charcoal 112 Charcoal, Purified 112 Anise 62 Oil 62 Spirit 62 Water 62 GENERAL INDEX. 521 PAGE Anisum 62 Anodyne 4 Antacid 4 Anthelmintic 1 Anthemis 63 Antidiphtheric Serum 297 Antiemetic 4 Antifebrin 10 Antigalactagogue 2 Antilithic 2 Antimalarial 4 Antimonii et Potassii Tartras ... 63 Antimony and Potassium Tar- trate 63 Antiphlogistic 2 Antipyretic 2 Antipyrina 64 Antipyrine 64 Antirheumatic 4 Antiscorbutic 4 Antiseptic 1 Solution 16 Antisialagogue 2 Antisialic 2 Antispasmodic 4 Antisyphilitic 4 Antitoxin, Diphtheria 297 Antizymotic 4 Aperient 1 Aphrodisiac 5 Apocynum 65 Fluidextract 65 Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum .. 244 Apomorphine Hydrochloride .... 244 Apothecaries' Measures 338 Weights 338 Approximate Measures 339 Aqua 66 Ammonise 55 Ammoniae Fortior 56 Amygdalae Amarae 60 Anisi 62 Aurantii Florum 76 Aurantii Florum Fortior 76 Camphorse 105 Chlorof ormi 120 Cinnamomi 132 Creosoti 142 page Aqua Destillata 66 Fceniculi 167 Fortis 27 Hamamelidis 180 Hydrogenii Dioxidi 67 Menthse Piperitae 220 Regia 28 Rosae 284 Rosas Fortior 284 Aquae 65 Argentum 67 Argenti Cyanidum 67 Nitras 67 Nitras Fusus 68 Nitras Mitigatus 68 Oxidum 68 Argyrol 69 Arnica 69 Tincture 70 Aromatic Elixir 76 Elixir of Eriodictyon 153 Fluidextract 132 Fluidextract of Cascara Sa- grada 281 Powder 132 Solution of Pepsin 254 Spirit of Ammonia 56 Syrup of Eriodictyon 153 Sulphuric Acid 38 Syrup of Rhubarb 283 Tincture of Rhubarb 283 Arrangement of Prescriptions . . 392 Arseni Iodidum 70 Trioxidum 70 Arsenic 70 Antidote 158 Trioxide 70 White 70 Arsenous Acid 70 Iodide 70 Arsenum 70 Asaf etida 73 Emulsion 73 Pills 73 Tincture 73 Asafcetida 73 Astringent 4 Aspidium 74 522 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Aspidium Oleoresin 74 Aspirin 37 Atrophia 81 Atropinse Sulphas 81 Atropine 81 Sulphate 81 Attar of Rose 284 Aurantii Amari Cortex 75 Dulcis Cortex 75 Auri et Sodii Chloridum 78 Avoirdupois Weights 337 Balsam of Copaiba 140 of Peru 78 of Tolu 79 Balsams 5 Balsamum Peruvianum 78 Tolutanum 79 Bark 6 Base .' 6 Bashanrs Mixture 158 Basic Substance 6 Basis 359 Bay Rum 306 Bearberry 323 Belladonna 80 Leaves SO Leaves, Extract of 80 Leaves, Tincture of 80 Liniment 81 Plaster 80 Root 80 Root, Fluidextract of 81 Belladonna? Folia 80 Radix 80 Benzaldehyde 84 Benzaldehydum 84 Benzin 84 Purified 84 Benzinum 84 Purificatum 84 Benzoates 86 Benzoic Acid 85 Benzoin 84 Tincture 85 Tincture. Compound 85 Benzoinated Lard 44 Benzoinum 84 page Benzosulphinide 87 Benzosulphinidum 87 Berberis 87 Fluidextract 87 Betanaphthol 88 Bichloride of Mercury 183 Biniodide of Mercury 183 Bismuth 90 Citrate 90 and Ammonium Citrate 90 Subcarbonate 90 Subgallate 90 Subnitrate 90 Subsalicylate 90 Bismuthi Citras 90 et Ammonii Citras 90 Subcarbonas 90 Subgallas 90 Subnitras 90 Subsalicylas 90 Bitter Almond 60 Apple 138 Orange Peel 73 Orange Peel, Fluidextract .... 75 Orange Peel, Tincture 75 Wine of Iron 157 Blackberry 286 Black Cohosh 124 Drop 242 Haw 327 Mustard 298 Pepper 265 Snake-root 124 Blaud's Pills 157 Bloodroot 288 Blue Mass 182 Ointment 182 Stone 145 Vitriol 145 Boneblack 112 Boneset 154 Boracic Acid 15 Borax 300 Boric Acid 15 Boroglyceride, Solution 16 Brandy 50 Bromides 94 Bromine 94 GENERAL INDEX. 523 PAGE Bromof orm 94 Bromof ormum 94 Bromum 94 Broom 294 Brown Mixture 175 Buchu 97 Fluidextract 97 Buckthorn 167 Bulb 6 Burdock 211 Burnt Alum : 54 Cacao Butter 241 Caffeina 97 Citrata 98 Citrata Effervescens 98 Caffeine 97 Citrated 98 Citrated, Effervescent 98 Calabar Bean 262 Calamina Prseparata 99 Calamine, Prepared 99 Calamus 100 Fluidextract 100 Calcii Bromidum 94 Carbonas Praecipitatus 100 Chloridum 100 Glycerophosphas 26 Hypophosphis 25 Lactas 101 Phosphas Praecipitatus 100 Sulphas Exsiccatus 100 Calcined Magnesia 215 Calcium 100 Bromide 94 Carbonate Precipitated 100 Chloride 100 Glycerophosphate 26 Hypophosphite 25 Lactate 101 Phosphate, Precipitated 100 Sulphate, Exsiccated 100 Calculating- Amounts on Pre- scriptions 368 Calendula 104 Tincture 104 Calomel 183 Calumba 104 page Calumba, Fluidextract 104 Tincture 104 Calx 100 Chlorinata 100 Sulphurata 100 Cambogia 105 Camphor 105 Cerate 105 Liniment 105 Monobromated 106 Spirit 105 Water 105 Camphora 105 Monobromata 106 Camphorated Tincture of Opium. 243 Camphoric Acid 106 Canadian Hemp 65 Cannabis Indica 109 Cantharidal Collodion Ill Cantharides 110 Cerate 110 Collodion Ill Tincture Ill Cantharis 110 Capsicum Ill Fluidextract Ill Oleoresin Ill Plaster Ill Tincture Ill Caraway 1 14 Oil 114 Carbo Animalis 112 Animalis Purificatus 112 Ligni 112 Carbolic Acid 257 Carbon Copies- of Prescriptions.. 389 Disulphide 1 12 Carbonei Disulphidum 112 Cardamom 112 Tincture 113 Tincture, Compound 113 Cardamomum 112 Care as to Writing Prescriptions. 391 of Carbon Copies of Prescrip- tions 390 Carminative 2 Carolina Jasmine 169 Carron Oil 101 >24 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Carum 1 14 Caryophrllus 114 Cascara Sagrada 280 Extract 280 Fluidextract 281 Fluidextract, Aromatic 281 Cassia Fistula 114 Castile Soap 290 Castor Oil 239 Cataplasma Kaolini 209 Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 • Catechu 115 Tincture, Compound 115 Cathartic 1 Caustic 68 Potash 273 Soda 302 Caustics 3 Cayenne Pepper Ill Cera Alba 116 Flava 115 Cerate 116 Camphor 105 Cantharides 110 of Lead Subacetate 267 Cerates 115 Ceratum 115 Camphorae 105 Cantharidis 110 Plumbi Subacetatis 267 Cerii Oxalas 116 Cerium Oxalate 116 Cetaceum 117 Ceylon Cinnamon 132 Chalk Mixture 101 Chalybeate Pills 157 Chamomile, German 219 Roman 63 Charcoal, Animal 112 Animal, Purified 112 Wood : 112 Charta 117 Sinapis 298 Chili Saltpetre 302 Chimaphila 117 Chirata 117 Fluidextract „ 117 Chloral 118 PAGE Chloralformamide 117 Chloralformamidum 117 Chloralum Hydratum 118 Chlorinated Lime 100 Chloroform 120 Emulsion 120 Liniment 120 Spirit 120 Water 120 Chlorof ormum 120 Choice of Vehicles for Prescrip- tions 371 Cholagogues 2 Chondrus 123 Chromii Trioxidum 123 Chromium Trioxide 123 Chrysarobin 123 Ointment 123 Chrysarobinum 123 Cimicifuga 124 Extract 124 Fluidextract 124 Tincture 124 Cinchona 125 Fluidextract 125 Rubra 125 Tincture 125 Tincture, Compound 125 Cinchonidinae Sulphas 126 Cinchonidine Sulphate 126 Cinchonina? Sulphas 126 Cinchonine Sulphate 126 Cinnaldehydum 133 Cinnamic Aldehyde 133 Cinnamomum Saigonicum 132 Zeylanicum 132 Cinnamon, Ceylon 132 Saigon 132 Spirit 132 Tincture 132 Water 132 Citrated Caffeine 98 Citrates 19 Citric Acid 18 Citrine Ointment 184 Clarified Honey 220 Cloves 114 Oil 114 GENERAL INDEX. 52' PAGE Coated Tablets 314 Coca 133 Fluidextract 133 Wine 133 Cocaina 133 Cocainae Hydrochloridum 134 Cocaine 133 Hydrochloride 134 Oleate 134 Coccus 136 Cochineal 136 Cocoa Butter 241 Codeina 244 Codeinse Phosphas 244 Sulphas 244 Codeine 244 Phosphate 244 Sulphate 244 Codliver Oil 238 Emulsion 238 Emulsion with Hypophosphites. 238 Colchici Cormus 136 Semen 137 Colchicina 137 Colchicine 137 Colchicum Corm 136 Extract 136 Fluidextract 137 Seed 137 Tincture 137 Wine 137 Cold Cream 284 Collodion 138 Cantharidal Ill Flexible 138 Styptic 40 Collodions 137 Collodium 138 Cantharidatum Ill Flexile 138 Colocynth 138 Extract 139 Extract, Compound 139 Colocynthis 138 Columbo 104 Comparative Dosage of Prepa- rations 383 Compound Acetanilide Powder .. 10 page Compound Cathartic Pills 139 Chalk Powder 101 Digestive Elixir 254 Effervescing Powder 275 Ethers 5 Extract of Colocynth 139 Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla . . 292 Infusion of Senna 296 I ron Mixture 156 Laxative Pills 53 Mixture of Glycyrrhiza 175 Morphine Powder 244 Pills of Rhubarb 283 Powder of Glycyrrhiza 175 Powder of Jalap 208 Powder of Rhubarb 283 Solution of Cresol 144 Solution of Iodine 200 Solution of Sodium Phosphate. 303 Spirit of Ether 47 Spirit of Juniper 236 Spirit of Orange 76 Syrup of Glycerophosphates . . 158 Syrup of Hypophosphites 26 Syrup of Sarsaparilla '. 292 Syrup of Squill 294 Tincture of Benzoin 85 Tincture of Cardamom 113 Tincture of Cinchona 125 Tincture of Gambir 168 Tincture of Gentian 170 Tincture of Lavender 237 Compressed Tablets 394 Concentrated Mixtures 378 Confectio 139 Rosas 284 Sennas 296 Confection of Rose 284 of Senna 296 Confections 139 Conium 140 Fluidextract 140 Convailaria 140 Fluidextract 140 Cooking Soda 299 Copaiba 140 Oil 140 526 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Copies of Prescriptions to Suc- cessor 391 Copper Sulphate 145 Copperas 158 Coriander 141 Oil 141 Coriandrum 141 Corms 6 Corn Silk 328 Corrective 359 Corrosive Mercuric Chloride . . . 183 Sublimate 183 Cotton, Absorbent 176 -root Bark 176 Couch-grass 321 Counterirritant 3 Cramp-bark 326 Cranesbill 171 Cream of Tartar 271 Creosotal 142 Creosote 141 Carbonate 142 Water 142 Creosotum 141 Cresol 144 Compound Solution 144 Creta Pra?perata 101 Croton Oil 241 Cubeb 144 Fluidextract 145 Oil 145 Oleoresin 145 Troches 145 Cubeba 144 Cubic Centimeter 342 Culver's Root 211 Cupri Sulphas 145 Cusso 145 Cypripedium 145 Dandelion 315 Deadly Night-shade 80 Decoctions 146 Decoctum 146 Definitions 1 Deliriant 3 Delirifacient 3 Demulcent 3 page Deodorant 1 Deodorized Opium 242 Depressant 3 Desiccated Suprarenal Glands . . 171 Thyroid Glands 172 Diachylon Ointment 268 Plaster 268 Diaphoretic 4 Digestant 4 Digitalin 146 Digitalinum 146 Digitalis 146 Extract 146 Fluidextract 146 Infusion 146 Tincture 146 Diluted Acetic Acid 15 Alcohol 50 Hydriodic Acid 202 Hydrochloric Acid 23 Hydrocyanic Acid 24 Hypophosphorous Acid 25 Lunar Caustic 68 Muriatic Acid 23 Nitric Acid 27 Nitrohydrochloric Acid 28 Nitromuriatic Acid 28 Phosphoric Acid 28 Prussic Acid 24 Solution of Lead Subacetate . . 267 Sulphuric Acid 38 Diphtheria Antitoxin 297 Disinfectant 1 Dispensatory 384 Dispensing Tablets 314 Distilled Water 66 Diuretic 2 Dog Button 228 Domestic Measures 398 Donovan's Solution 70 Dover's Powder 243 Drastics 1 Dried Alum 54 Ecbolics 2 Effervescent Citrated Caffeine . . 98 Magnesium Sulphate _ 215 Potassium Citrate 19 GENERAL INDEX. 527 PAGE Effervescent Sodium Phosphate. 303 Elastica 149 Elaterin 149 Trituration 149 Elaterinum 149 Elixir Adjuvant 175 Aromatic 76 Aromaticum 76 Digestive Compound 254 Digestivum Compositum 254 Eriodictyi Aromaticum 153 Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum 157 of Iron, Quinine and Strych- nine Phosphates 157 of Lactated Pepsin 254 of Orange 76 of Paraldehyde 253 of Vitriol 33 Elixirs 150 Elm 322 Mucilage 322 Emetics 4 Emmenagogues 2 Emollients 3 Emplastrum 150 Adhesivum 268 Belladonnas 80 Capsici Ill Hydrargyri 182 Opii 243 Plumbi 268 Saponis 290 Emulsion of Almond 60 of Asafetida 73 of Chloroform 120 of Codliver Oil 238 of Codliver Oil with Hypo- phosphite 238 of Oil of Turpentine 316 Emulsions 150 Emulsum 150 Amygdalae 60 Asaf cetidse 73 Chloroformi 120 Olei Morrruas 238 Olei Morrhuas cum Hypophos- phitibus 238 PAGE Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae .... 316 Epinephrin 171 Epinephrina 171 Epispastics 3 Epsom Salts 215 Ergot 150 Extract 151 Fluidextract 151 Wine 151 Ergota 150 Eriodictyon 152 Elixir, Aromatic 153 Fluidextract 152 Syrup, Aromatic 153 Errhine 4 Errors in Prescribing 397 Erythroxylon 133 Escharotic 3 Eserine Salicylate 262 Sulphate 263 Essence of Peppermint 220 Esters 5 Ether 46 Ethers 5 Ethyl Carbamate 50 Chloride 50 Ether 46 Eucalyptol 153 Eucalyptus 153 Fluidextract 153 Oil 153 Eugenol 114 Euonymus 154 Extract 154 Fluidextract 154 Eupatorium 154 Fluidextract 154 Examining the Medicine after Prescribing 398 Excitants 3 Expectorants 2 Expressed Oil of Almond 60 Exsiccated Alum 54 Calcium Sulphate 100 Ferrous Sulphate 158 Sodium Arsenate 70 Sodium Phosphate 303 Extract of Aloes 52 528 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Extract of Belladonna Leaves . . 80 of Cascara Sagrada 280 of Cimicif uga 124 of Colchicum Corm 136 of Colocynth 139 of Colocynth, Compound 139 of Digitalis 146 of Ergot 151 of Euonymus 154 of Gentian 169 of Glycyrrhiza 175 of Glycyrrhiza, Pure 175 of Hematoxylon 179 of Hyoscyamus 195 of Indian Cannabis 109 of Krameria 210 of Leptandra 211 of Malt 217 of Nux Vomica 228 of Opium 243 of Physostigma 262 of Quassia 277 of Rhamnus Purshiana 280 of Rhubarb 282 of Scopola 295 of Stramonium 307 of Sumbul 312 of Taraxacum 315 Extracts 155 Extractum 155 Aloes 52 Belladonnas Foliorum 80 Cannabis Indicae 109 Cimicif ugas 124 Colchici Cormi 136 Colocynthidis 139 Colocynthidis Compositum .... 139 Digitalis 146 Ergots 151 Euonymi 154 Gentians 169 Glycyrrhizae 175 Glycyrrhizae Purum 175 Haematoxyli 179 Hyoscyami 195 Krameriae 210 Leptandrae 211 Malti 217 PAGE Extractum Nucis Vomicae 228 Opii , 243 Quassiae 277 Rhamni Purshianae 280 Rhei 282 Physostigmatis 262 Scopolae 295 Stramonii 307 Sumbul 312 Taraxaci 315 Febrifuges 2 Fel Boris 155 Inspissatus 156 Purificatum 156 Fennel 167 Oil 167 Water 167 Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus .... 156 Chloridum 157 Citras 157 et Ammonii Citras 157 et Ammonii Sulphas 157 et Ammonii Tartras 157 et Potassii Tartras 157 et Quininae Citras 157 et Quininae Citras Solubilis .... 157 et Strychninae Citras 157 Hydroxidum 158 Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Oxido 158 Hypophosphis 158 Phosphas Solubilis 157 Pyrophosphas Solubilis 158 Sulphas 158 Sulphas Exsiccatus 158 Sulphas Granulatus 158 Ferric Alum 157 Ammonium Sulphate 157 Chloride 157 Citrate 157 Hydroxide 158 Hydroxide with Magnesium Oxide 158 Hypophosphite 25 Phosphate, Soluble 157 Pyrophosphate, Soluble 158 Ferrous Sulphate 158 GENERAL INDEX. 529 PAGE Ferrous Sulphate. Exsiccated . . 158 Sulphate, Granulated 158 Ferruginous Pills 157 Ferrum 156 Reductum 156 Ficus 164 Fig 164 Flaxseed 213 Flexible Collodion 138 Flowers 6 of Sulphur 310 Fluidextract of Aconite 42 of Apocynum 65 of Belladonna Root 81 of Berberis 87 of Bitter Orange Peel ........ 75 of Buchu 97 of Calamus 100 of Calumba 104 of Capsicum Ill of Cascara Sagrada 281 of Cascara Sagrada, Aromatic. 281 of Chimaphila 117 of Chirata 117 of Cimicifuga 124 of Cinchona 125 of Coca 133 of Colchicum Seed 137 of Conium 140 of Convallaria 140 of Cubeb 145 of Cypripedium 145 of Digitalis 146 of Ergot 151 of Eriodictyon 153 of Eucalyptus 153 of Euonymus 154 of Eupatorium 154 of Frangula 168 of Gelsemium 169 of Gentian 169 of Geranium 171 of Ginger 332 of Glycyrrhiza 175 of Grindelia 177 of Guarana 179 of Hamamelis Leaves 180 of Hydrastis 193 PAGE Fluidextract of Hoscyamus .... 195 of Indian Cannabis 109 of Ipecac 206 of Krameria 210 of Lappa 211 of Leptandra 211 of Lobelia 214 of Lupulin 181 of Matico 219 of Mezereum 225 of Xux Vomica 228 of Pareira 253 of Phytolacca 263 of Pilocarpus 263 of Podophyllum 269 of Pomegranate 176 of Quassia 277 of Quercus 278 of Quillaja 278 of Rhamnus Purshiana 281 of Rhamnus Purshiana, Aro- matic 281 of Rhubarb 282 of Rhus Glabra 284 of Rose 284 of Rubus 286 of Sabal 286 of Sanguinaria 288 of Sarsaparilla 292 of Sarsaparilla, Compound .... 292 of Scopola 295 of Scutellaria 296 of Senega 296 of Senna 295 of Serpentaria 297 of Spigelia 305 of Squill 294 of Staphisagria 307 of Stillingia 307 of Stramonium 307 of Sumbul 312 of Taraxacum 315 of Triticum 321 of Uva Ursi 323 of Valerian 323 of Veratrum 325 of Viburnum Opulus 326 of Viburnum Prunifolium 327 34 530 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Fluiclextract of Wild Cherry . . 275 of Xanthoxylum 328 Fluidextracts 165 Fluidextractum 165 Aconiti 42 Apocyni 65 Aromaticum 132 Aurantii Amari 75 Belladonnas Radicis 81 Berberis 87 Buchu 97 Calami 100 Calumbas 104 Cannabis Indicae 109 Capsici Ill Cimicifugas 124 Cinchonae 125 Cocas 133 Colchici Seminis 137 Conii 140 Convallariae 140 Cubebae 145 Digitalis 146 Ergotae 151 Eriodictyi 152 Eucalypti 153 Euonymi 154 Eupatorii 154 Frangulae 168 Gelsemii 169 Gentianae 169 Geranii 171 Glycyrrhizae 175 Granati 176 Grindeliae 177 Guaranae 179 Hamamelidis Foliorum 180 Hydrastis 193 Hyoscyami 195 Ipecacuanhas 206 Krameriae 210 Lappas 211 Leptandras 211 Lobelias 214 Lupulini 181 Matico 219 Mezerei 225 Nucis Vomicae 228 page Fluidextractum Fareiras 253 Phytolacca? 263 Pilocarpi 263 Podophylli 269 Pruni Virginianas 275 Quassias 277 Quercus 278 Quillajas 278 Rhamni Purshianas 281 Rhamni Purshianas Aromati- cum 281 Rhei 282 Rhois Glabrae 284 Rosae 284 Rubi 286 Sabal 286 Sanguinarias 288 Sarsaparillas 292 Sarsaparillas Compositum 292 Scillae 294 Scopolas 295 Scutellariae 296 Senegas 296 Sennas 296 Serpentarias 297 Spigelias 305 Staphisagrias 307 Stillingias 307 Stramonii 307 Sumbul 312 Taraxaci 315 Tritici 321 Uvae Ursi 323 Valerianae 323 Veratri 325 Viburni Opuli 326 Viburni Prunifolii 327 Xanthoxyli 328 Zingiberis 332 Fceniculum 167 Formaldehyde 167 Solution 167 Troches 167 Formaldehydum 167 Formalin 167 Forms of Administration 380 Fowler's Solution 70 Foxglove 146 GENERAL INDEX. 531 PAGE Frangula 167 Fluidextract 168 Fruit 6 Galactagogue 2 Galla 168 Gallic Acid 22 Gambir 168 Tincture, Compound 168 Troches 168 Gamboge 105 Gelatin 169 Glycerinated 169 Gelatinum 169 Glycerinatum 169 Gelsemium 169 Fluidextract 169 Tincture 169 Gentian 169 Extract 169 Fluidextract 169 Tincture, Compound 170 Gentiana 169 Geranium 171 Fluidextract 171 German Chamomile 219 Germicides 1 Ginger 332 Fluidextract 332 Oleoresin 332 Syrup 332 Tincture 332 Glacial Acetic Acid 15 Glandulse Syprarenales Siccse . . . 171 Thyroideae Siccse 172 Glauber's Salt 304 Glucosides 5 Glycerin 172 Suppositories 172 Glycerinated Gelatin 169 Glycerinum 172 Glycerite of Borogylcerin 16 of Hydrastis 193 of Iron, Quinine and Strych- nine Phosphates 157 of Phenol 258 of Starch 61 of Tannic Acid 40 page Glycerites 174 Glyceritum 174 Acidi Tannici 40 Amyli 61 Boroglycerini 16 Ferri, Quininae et Strychnines Phosphatum 157 Hydrastis 193 Phenolis 258 Glycerophosphates 26 Glycyrrhiza 175 Extract 175 Extract, Pure 175 Fluidextract 175 Mixture 175 Powder, Compound 175 Troches, with Opium 175 Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum ... 175 Glyceryl Trinitrate 174 Glycerylis Nitras 174 Gold and Sodium Chloride 78 Golden Seal 193 Gossypii Cortex 176 Gossypium Purificatum 175 Goulard's Cerate 267 Extract 267 Gramme 341 Granatum 176 Granulated Ferrous Sulphate . . . 159 Opium 242 Sugar 287 Green Iodide of Mercury 183 Soap 291 Soap, Tincture 291 Vitriol 158 Griffith's Mixture 156 Grindelia 177 Fluidextract 177 Guaiac 178 Tincture 179 Tincture, Ammoniated 179 Guaiacol 177 Carbonate 177 Guaiacolis Carbonas 177 Guaiacum 178 Guarana 179 Fluidextract 179 Gum Aloes 52 532 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Gum Arabic 9 Benzoin 84 Camphor 105 -resins 5 Gums 5 Guncotton 277 Hsematinics 5 Hsematoxylon 179 Extract . . 179 Haemostatics 4 Hamamelidis Cortex 180 Folia 180 Hamamelis 179 Bark 180 Leaves 180 Leaves, Fluidextract 180 Water 180 Hard Soap 290 Hartshorn 55 Heavy Magnesium Oxide 215 Hedeoma . . 180 Oil 180 Hellebore 325 Hemlock 140 Hemp, Canadian 65 Henbane 195 Herbs 6 Heroina 245 Heroinse Hydrochloridum 245 Heroine Hydrochloride 245 Hexamethylenamina 180 Hexamethylenamine 180 Hive Syrup 294 Hoffman's Anodyne 47 Honey 220 Clarified 220 of Rose 284 Hops 181 Horehound 218 Humulus 181 Hydragogues 1 Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosi- vum 183 Chloridum Mite 183 Iodidum Flavum 183 Iodidum Rubrum 183 Oxidum Flavum 183 page Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum . . 183 Hydrargyrum 182 Ammoniatum 182 cum Creta 182 Hydrastin 194 Hydrastina 193 Hydrastinse Hydrochloridum . . . 193 Hydrastine 193 Hydrastinine Hydrochloride 193 Hydrastinum 194 Hydrastis 193 Fluidextract 193 Glycerite 193 Tincture 193 Hydrated Chloral 118 Hydrochloric Acid 22 Hydrous Wool-fat 45 Hyoscinae Hydrobromidum 195 Hyoscine Hydrobromide 195 Hyoscyaminse Hydrobromidum . 195 Sulphas 195 Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide . . . 195 Sulphate 195 Hyoscyamus 195 Extract 195 Fluidextract 195 Tincture 195 Hypnotics 3 Hypo 304 Hypodermic Administration .... 383 Tablets 314 Hypophosphites 25 Hypophosphorous Acid 24 Ichthyol 197 Incompatibility 401 Indian Cannabis 109 Extract 109 Fluidextract 109 Tincture 109 Infusion of Digitalis 146 of Senna, Compound 296 of Wild Cherry 276 Infusions 199 Infusum 199 Digitalis 146 Pruni Virginianae 276 Sennae Compositum 296 XERAL IXDEX. ; ,V> PAGE Inhalations Inscription 359 Iodides 202 Iodine 200 Ointment 200 Solution. Compound 200 Tincture 200 Iodoform 159 Ointment 199 Iodof ormum 199 Iodol 199 Iodolum 199 Iodum 200 Ipecac 206 Fluidextract 206 Powder, with Opium 243 Syrup 206 Tincture, with Opium 243 Wine 206 Ipecacuanha 206 Irish Moss 123 Iron 156 and Ammonium Citrate 157 and Ammonium Tartrate 157 and Potassium Tartrate 157 and Quinine Citrate 157 and Quinine Citrate. Soluble . . 157 and Strychnine Citrate 157 by Hydrogen 156 Irritants 2 Jaborandi 263 Jalap 203 Powder. Compound 208 Resin 208 Jalapa 208 Jamestown Weed 307 Kaolin 209 Cataplasm 209 Kaolinum 209 Kilo 341 Kino 209 Tincture 209 Kousso 145 Krameria 210 Extract 210 Fluidextract 210 PAGE Krameria Syrup 210 Tincture 210 Troches 210 Lactic Acid 27 Lactose Lactucarium 210 Syrup 210 Tincture 211 Lady's Slipper 145 Lappa 211 Fluidextract 211 Lard 44 Benzoinated 44 Laudanum 243 Laxatives 1 Lead 267 Acetate 267 Iodide 267 Nitrate 267 Oxide 267 Plaster 268 Subacetate, Cerate 267 Subacetate Solution 267 Subacetate Solution. Diluted .. 267 Water 267 Leaflets 6 Leaves 6 Lemon 211 Juice 212 Oil 212 Peel 211 Syrup 212 Leopard's Bane 69 Leptandra 211 Extract 211 Fluidextract 211 Lettuce 210 Levant Wormseed 289 Licorice 175 Lily of the Valley 140 Lime 100 Chlorinated 100 Liniment 101 Sulphurated 100 Syrup 101 Water 101 Limon 211 534 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Limonis Cortex 211 Succus 212 Liniment, Ammonia 57 Belladonna 81 Camphor 105 Chloroform 120 Lime 101 Soap 290 Soft-soap 291 Turpentine . 316 Liniments 213 Linimentum 213 Ammonise 57 Belladonna? 81 Calcis 101 Camphorse 105 Chloroformi 120 Saponis 290 Saponis Mollis 291 Terebinthinse 316 Linseed 213 Oil 213 Linum . . . . 213 Liquefied Phenol 258 Liquid Petrolatum 256 Liquor 213 Acidi Arsenosi 70 Ammonii Acetatis 57 Antisepticu's 16 Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi .. 70 Calcis " 101 Cresolis Compositus 144 Ferri Chloridi 157 Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis . . . 158 Ferri Peptonati cum Mangano. 159 Ferri Subsulphatis 158 Ferri Tersulphatis 158 Formaldehydi 167 Hydrargyri Xitratis 184 Iodi Compositus 200 Magnesii Citratis 215 Pepsini 254 Pepsini Aromaticus 254 Plumbi Subacetatis 267 Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus . . . 267 Potassii Arsenitis 70 Potassii Citratis 19 Potassii Hydroxidi 274 page Liquor Sodii Arsenatis 70 Sodii Flydroxidi 302 Sodii Phosphatis Compositus . 303 Zinci Chloridi 329 Liter 341 Litharge 267 Lithii Benzoas 86 Bromidum 94 Carbonas 214 Citras 19 Salicylas 32 Lithium 214 Benzoate 86 Bromide 94 Carbonate 214 Citrate 19 Salicylate 32 Lithontriptics 2 Lobelia 214 Fluidextract 214 Tincture 214 Local Peculiarities in Prescribing. 395 Logwood 179 Lugol's Solution 200 Lunar Caustic 68 Diluted 68 Lupulin 181 Fluidextract 181 Oleoresin 181 Lupulinum 181 Lycopodium 215 Magnesii Carbonas 215 Oxidum 215 Oxidum Ponderosum 215 Sulphas 215 Sulphas Effervescens 215 Magnesium 215 Carbonate 215 Oxide 215 Oxide, Heavy 215 Sulphate 215 Male Fern 74 Malt 217 Extract 217 Maltum 217 Mandrake 269 Manganese 218 GENERAL INDEX. D6D PAGE Manganese Dioxide, Precipitated 218 Hypophosphite 25 Sulphate 218 Mangani Dioxidum Praecipita- tum 218 Hypophosphis 25 Sulphas 218 Manganum 218 Manna 218 Marigold 104 Marrubium 218 Mass, Blue 182 of Ferrous Carbonate 156 of Mercury 182 Vallet's 156 Massa 219 Ferri Carbonatis 156 Hydrargyri 182 Masses 219 Mastic 219 Mastiche 219 Matico 219 Fluidextract 219 Matricaria 219 May Apple 269 Medical Latin 344 Mel 220 Depuratum 220 Rosae 284 Mentha Piperita 220 Viridis 222 Menthol 222 Mercurial Ointment 182 Ointment, Diluted 182 Plaster 182 Mercury 182 Mass 182 Ointment 182 Plaster 182 with Chalk 182 Methyl Salicylate 36 Methylene Blue 224 Methylis Salicylas 36 Methylthioninae Hydrochloridum. 224 Methylthionine Hydrochloride . . 224 Meter 341 Metric System 340 Metrology 337 PAGE Mezereon 225 Mezereum 225 Fluidextract 225 Mild Mercurous Chloride 183 Milk Sugar 287 Mistura 225 Cretae 101 Ferri Composita 156 Glycyrrhizae Composita 175 Rhei et Sodae 283 Mixture, Basham's 158 of Glycyrrhiza, Compound .... 175 Griffith's 156 of Iron, Compound 156 of Rhubarb and Soda 283 Mixtures 225 Monkshood 42 Monobromated Camphor 106 Monohydrated Sodium Carbo- nate 301 Monsel's Solution 158 Morphina 243 Morphinae Acetas 243 Hydrochloridum 244 Sulphas 244 Morphine 243 Acetate 243 Hydrochloride 244 Sulphate 244 Moschus 226 Mouth Administration 381 Mucilage of Acacia 9 of Elm 322 of Sassafras Pith 293 Mucilages 226 Mucilago 226 Acaciae 9 Sassafras Medullas 293 Ulmi 322 Muriatic Acid 22 Musk 226 Root 312 Tincture 226 Mustard, Black 298 Oil, Volatile 298 Paper 298 White 298 Mydriatic 4 536 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Myotics 4 Myristica 226 Oil 226 Myrrh 227 Pills, with Aloes 227 Tincture 227 Tincture, with Aloes 227 Myrrha 227 Name of Patient on Prescrip- tions 355 Naming a Price of Prescrip- tions 394 Naphthalene 227 Naphthalenum 227 Naphthol 88 Narcotics 4 National Formulary 384 Neutral Principles 6 Nitric Acid 27 Nitroglycerin 174 Spirit 174 Nitrohydrochloric Acid 28 Diluted 28 Nitromuriatic Acid 28 Diluted 28 Nutgall 168 Ointment 168 Tincture 168 Nutmeg 226 Oil 226 Nutrients 4 Nux Vomica 228 Extract 228 Fluidextract 228 Tincture 228 Official Drugs 385 Names 349 Oil 5 of Almond, Expressed , 60 of Anise 62 of Betula 37 of Bitter Almond 60 of Cade 235 of Cajuput 234 of Caraway 1 14 of Cassia 132 page Oil. Castor 239 of Cinnamon 132 of Cloves 114 Codliver 238 of Copaiba 141 of Coriander 141 Cotton-seed 235 Croton 241 of Cubeb 145 of Erigeron 234 of Eucalyptus 153 of Fennel 167 of Gaultheria 36 of Hedeoma 180 of Juniper 236 of Lavender Flowers 237 of Lemon 212 Linseed 213 of Mustard. Volatile 298 of Myristica 226 of Nutmeg 226 Olive 238 of Orange Peel 76 of Pennyroyal 180 of Peppermint 220 of Pimenta 265 of Rose 284 of Rosemary 235 of Santal . .' 235 of Sassafras 293 of Savin 287 of Spearmint 222 Sweet 238 of Sweet Birch 37 of Tar 266 of Theobroma 241 of Turpentine 315 of Turpentine, Rectified 315 of Vitriol 38 of Wintergreen 35 of Wintergreen, Synthetic .... 36 Oils ' 234 Ointment of Ammoniated Mer- cury 183 Belladonna 81 Blue 182 of Boric Acid 16 Chrysarobin 123 GENERAL INDEX. ;37 PAGE Ointment, Citrine 184 Diachylon 268 Iodine 200 Iodoform 199 Mercurial 182 of Mercuric Nitrate 184 of Mercury 182 of Mercury. Diluted 182 Nutgall 168 of Phenol 258 of Potassium Iodide 202 of Red Mercuric Oxide 183 of Rose Water 284 Stramonium 307 Sulphur 310 of Tannic Acid 40 Tar 266 Veratrine 326 of Yellow Mercuric Oxide .... 183 of Zinc Oxide 329 of Zinc Stearate 331 Ointments 322 Oleate of Atropine 81 of Cocaine 134 of Mercury 183 of Quinine 125 of Veratrine 326 Oleates 233 Oleatum 233 Atrophia?. 81 Cocaina? 134 Hydrargyri 183 Quininae 125 Veratrine 326 Oleic Acid 28 Oleoresin 5 of Aspidium 74 of Capsicum Ill of Cubeb 145 of Ginger 332 of Lupulin 181 of Pepper 265 Oleoresina 234 Aspidii 74 Capsici Ill Cubebse 145 Lupulini 181 Piperis 265 PAGE Oleoresina Zingiberis 332 Oleoresins 234 Oleum 234 Adipis 234 Amygdalae Amara? 60 Amygdalae Expressum 60 Anisi 62 Aurantii Corticis 76 Betula? 37 Cadinum 235 Cajuput 234 Cari 114 Carophylli 114 Chenopodii 234 Cinnamomi 132 Copaiba? 141 Coriandri 141 Cubebse 145 Erigerontis 234 Eucalypti 153 Fceniculi 167 Gaultheria? 35 Hedeoma? 180 Juniperi 236 Lavandulae Florum 237 Limonis 212 Lini . . 213 Menthae Piperita? 220 Mentha? Viridis 222 Morrhua? 233 Myristica? 226 Oliva? 233 Picis Liquida? 266 Pimentae 265 Ricini 239 Rosa? 284 Sabina? 287 Santali 235 Sassafras 293 Sinapis Volatile 298 Terebinthinae 315 Terebinthinae Rectilicatum .... 315 Theobromatis 241 Thymi 235 Tiglii 241 Olive Oil 233 Opii Pulvis 242 Opium 242 538 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Opium, Camphorated Tincture of 243 Deodoratum 242 Deodorized 242 Extract 243 Granulated 243 Granulatum 243 Pills 243 Plaster 243 Powdered 242 Powder, with Ipecac 243 Tincture 243 Tincture, Camphorated 243 Tincture of, Deodorized 243 Tincture, with Ipecac 243 Troches, with Glycyrrhiza .... 243 Vinegar 243 Wine 243 Opodeldoc 290 Orange Flower Water 76 Flower Water, Stronger 76 Peel, Bitter 75 Peel. Sweet 75 Order of Writing Prescriptions.. 392 Orthophosphoric Acid 28 Ownership of a Prescription .... 399 Oxgall 155 Purified 156 Oxytocics 2 Pancreatin 252 Pancreatinum 252 Papers 117 Paraffin 252 Paraffinum 252 Paraldehyde 252 Elixir 253 Paraldehydum 252 Parasiticides 1 Pareira 253 Brava 253 Fluidextract 253 Patent Medicines 385 Pelletierime Tannas 176 Pelletierine Tannate 176 Pellitory 276 Pen vs. Pencil in Prescription Writing 392 Pennyroyal 180 page Pepo 253 Pepper 265 Black 265 Cayenne Ill Oleoresin 265 Red Ill Peppermint 220 Oil 220 Spirit 220 Water 220 Pepsin 254 Saccharated 254 Solution 254 Solution, Aromatic 254 Pepsinum 254 Saccharatum 254 Percentage Solutions 379 Peroxide of Hydrogen 67 Peruvian Bark 125 Petrolatum 256 Album 256 Liquidum 256 Petroleum Benzin 84 Benzin, Purified 84 Jelly 256 Pharmacopoeia 384 Phenacetin 13 Phenol 257 Glycerite 258 Liquef actum 257 Ointment 258 Phenolsulphonates 261 Phenyl Salicylate 34 Phenylis Salicylas 34 Phosphoric Acid 28 Phosphorus 262 Pills 262 Physostigma 262 Extract 262 Tincture 262 Physostigminje Salicylas 262 Sulphas 263 Physostigmine Salicylate 262 Sulphate 263 Phytolacca 263 Fluidextract 263 Picric Acid 29 Pills 264 GENERAL INDEX. 539 PAGE Pills of Aloes 52 of Aloes and Iron 52 of Aloes and Mastic 52 of Aloes and Myrrh 53 of Aloin, Strychnine, Bella- donna and Ipecac 53 of Asafetida 73 of Ferrous Carbonate 157 of Ferrous Iodide 158 of Opium 243 of Phosphorus 262 of Rhubarb, Compound 283 Pilocarpine Hydrochloridum . . . 263 Nitras 264 Pilocarpine Hydrochloride 263 Nitrate 264 Pilocarpus 263 Fluidextract 263 Pilule 264 Aloes 52 Aloes et Ferri 52 Aloes et Mastiches 52 Aloes et Myrrhe 53 Asafcetide 73 Ferri Carbonatis 157 Ferri Iodidi 158 Laxative Composite 53 Opii 243 Phosphori 262 Rhei Composite 283 Pimenta 255 Oil 265 Pink Root 305 Piper 265 Piperina 265 Piperine 265 Pix Liquida 266 Flaster, Adhesive 268 Belladonna 80 Capsicum Ill Diachylon 268 Lead 268 Mercurial 182 Opium 243 of Paris 100 Soap 290 Plasters 150 Plumbi Acetas 267 page Plumbi Iodidum 267 Nitras 267 Oxidum 267 Plumbum 267 Podophyllin 269 Podophyllum 269 Fluidextract 269 Resin 269 Poison Nut 228 Pokeroot 263 Pomegranate 176 Fluidextract 176 Potassii Acetas 270 Bicarbonas 271 Bitartras 271 Bromidum 94 Carbonas 272 Chioras 272 Citras 19 Citras Effervescens 19 Cyanidum 24 Dichromas 273 Ferrocyanidum 273 Glycerophosphas 26 Hydroxidum 273 Hypophosphis ' . . . 25 Iodidum 200 Nitras 274 Permanganas 274 Sulphas 275 et Sodii Tartras 275 Potassium 270 Acetate 270 Bicarbonate 271 Bitartrate 271 Bromide 94 Carbonate 272 Chlorate 272 Citrate 19 Cyanide 24 Dichromate , 273 Ferrocyanide 273 Glvcerophosphate 26 Hydroxide 273 Hvpophosphite 25 Iodide 200 Nitrate 274 Fermanganate 274 540 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Potassium Sulphate 275 and Sodium Tartrate 275 Powder, Acetanilide, Compound . 10 Aromatic 132 Compound Chalk 101 Dover's 243 Effervescing, Compound 275 of Glycyrrhiza, Compound .... 175 of Ipecac and Opium 243 of Jalap, Compound 208 of Morphine, Compound 244 of Opium 242 of Rhubarb, Compound 283 Powders 276 Precipitated Calcium Carbonate . 100 Calcium Phosphate 100 Manganese Dioxide 218 Sulphur 310 Zinc Carbonate 329 Prepared Calamine 99 Chalk 101 Suet 297 Preserver's Name on Prescrip- tion 368 Prescription, Adjuvant 359 Arrangement of 350 Basis of 359 Blanks 3^7 Corrective of 359 Date on 355 Definition of 353 Plistory of 354 Inscription of 359 Parts of 355 Name of Patient on 355 Preserver's Name on 358 Signatura of 353 Subscription of 361 Superscription of 359 Vehicle of 359 Prickly Ash Bark 328 Proof Spirit 50 Proportioning Dosage 374 Proprietary Medicines 385 Protargol 69 Protectives 3 Protiodide of Mercury 183 Prune 275 page Prunum 275 Primus Virginiana 275 Prussic Acid, Diluted 24 Pulver 276 Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus . . 10 Aromaticus 132 Cretse Compositus 101 Efferves'cens Compositus 275 Glycerrhizae Compositus 175 Ipecacuanhas et Opii 243 Jalapae Compositus 208 Morphinae Compositus 244 Rhei Compositus 283 Pumpkin Seed 253 Pure Extract of Glycyrrhiza .... 175 Purgatives 1 Purging Cassia 114 Purified Aloes 53 Animal Charcoal 112 Cotton 176 Oxgall 155 Petroleum Benzin 84 Talc 314 Pustulants 3 Pyrethrum 276 Tincture 276 Pyroxylin 277 Pyroxylinum 277 Quaker Button 228 Quantity of a Prescription 373 Quassia 277 Extract 277 Fluidextract 277 Tincture 277 Queen's Root 307 Quercus 278 Fluidextract 278 Quillaja 278 Fluidextract 278 Tincture 278 Quinina 125 Quininae Bisulphas 126 Hydrobromidum 126 Hydrochloridum 126 Salicylas 126 Sulphas 126 et Ureae Hydrochloridum 126 GENERAL INDEX. 541 PAGE Quinine 125 Bisulphate 126 Hyclrobromide 126 Hydrochloride 126 Oleate 125 Salicylate 126 Sulphate 126 and Urea Hydrochloride 126 Recommending Credit 393 Re constituent Tonics 3 Rectal Administration 382 Rectified Oil of Turpentine 315 Spirit 50 Red Cinchona 125 Mercuric Iodide 183 Mercuric Oxide 183 Mercuric Oxide Ointment .... 183 Precipitate 183 Rose 284 Saunders 289 Wine 50 Reduced Iron 156 Refilling and Giving Copies of Prescriptions 396 Refrigerants 2 Rereading Prescriptions 393 Resin 5 of Jalap 208 of Podophyllum 269 of Scammony 293 Resina 279 Jalapas 208 Podophylli 269 Scammonii 293 Resins 279 Resorbents 2 Resorcin 279 Resorcinol 279 Restoratives 2 Rhamnus Purshiana 280 Rhatany 210 Rheum 282 Rhizomes 6 Rhubarb 282 Extract , 282 Fluidextract 282 Mixture, with Soda 283 PAGE Rhubarb Pills, Compound 283 Powder, Compound 283 Syrup 283 Syrup, Aromatic 283 Tincture 283 Tincture, Aromatic 283 Rhus Glabra 283 Fluidextract 284 Rochelle Salt 275 Roman Chamomile 63 Roots 6 Rosa Gallica 284 Rose 284 Confection 284 Fluidextract 284 Honey 284 Oil 284 Ointment, of Water 284 Syrup 284 Water 284 W^ater, Stronger 284 Rosin 315 Rubber 149 Rubefacients 3 Rubus 286 Fluidextract 286 Syrup 286 Sabal 286 Fluidextract 286 Sabina 287 Saccharated Ferrous Carbonate . 156 Pepsin 254 Saccharin 87 Saccharum 287 Lactis 287 Safrol 293 Safrolum 293 Sage 288 Saigon Cinnamon 132 Sal Rochelle 275 Tartar 272 Salicin 288 Salicinum 288 Salicylates 32 Salicylic Acid 29 Salines 1 Salol 34 542 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Salt 301 of Tartar ' 272 Saltpetre 274 Salts 215 Salvia 288 Sanguinaria 288 Fluidextract 288 Tincture 288 Santalum^ Rubrum 289 Santonica 289 Santonin 289 Troches 289 Santoninum 289 Sapo 290 Mollis 291 Sarsaparilla 292 Fluidextract 292 Fluidextract, Compound 292 Syrup, Compound 292 Sassafras 292 Oil 293 Medulla 293 Pith 293 Pith, Mucilage 293 Saturated Solutions 379 Savin 287 Oil 287 Saw Palmetto 286 Scammonium 293 Scammony 293 Resin 293 Scilla 293 Scoparius 294 Scopola 295 Extract 295 Fluidextract 295 Scopolamine Hydrobromidum . . 295 Scopolamine Hydrobromide .... 295 Scutellaria 295 Fluidextract 296 Sedatives 3 Seed 6 Seidlitz Powder 275 Senega 296 Fluidextract 296 Snakeroot 296 Syrup 296 Senna 296 page Senna, Confection 296 Fluidextract 296 Infusion, Compound 296 Syrup 296 Serpentaria 297 Fluidextract 297 Tincture 297 Serum Antidiphthericum 297 Sevum Prseparatum 297 Sumach 283 Sialagogues 2 Signatura 363 Silver 67 Cyanide 67 Nitrate 67 Nitrate, Molded 68 Nitrate, Mitigated 68 Oxide 68 Vitellin 69 Simple Syrup 287 Sinapis Alba 298 Nigra 298 Skullcap 295 Slippery Elm Bark 322 Soap 290 Bark 278 Castile 290 Green 291 Hard 290 Liniment 290 Plaster 290 Soft 290 Soft, Liniment 291 Tincture 291 Soda 299 Sodii Acetas 298 Arsenas 70 Arsenas Exsiccatus 70 Benzoas 86 Bicarbonas 299 Bisulphis 300 Boras 300 Bromidum 94 Carbonas Monohydratus 301 Chloras 301 Chloridum 301 Citras 19 Hydroxidum 302 GENERAL INDEX. 543 PAGE Sodii Hypophosphis 25 Iodidum 202 Nitras 302 Nitris 302 Phenolsulphonas 261 Phosphas 303 Phosphas Effervescens 303 Phosphas Exsiccatus 303 Pyrophosphas 304 Salicylas 32 Sulphas 304 Sulphis . 304 Thiosulphas 304 Sodium 298 Acetate 298 Arsenate 70 Arsenate, Exsiccated 70 Benzoate 86 Bicarbonate 299 Bisulphite 300 Borate 300 Bromide 94 Carbonate, Monohydrated .... 301 Chloride 301 Citrate 19 Hydroxide 302 Hypophosphite 25 Hyposulphite 304 Iodide 202 Nitrate 302 Nitrite 302 Phenolsulphonate 261 Phosphate 303 Phosphate, Effervescent 303 Phosphate, Exsiccated 303 Pyrophosphate 304 Salicylate 32 Sulphate 304 Sulphite 304 Sulphocarbolate 261 Thiosulphate 304 Soft Soap 291 Soluble Ferric Phosphate 157 Ferric Pyrophosphate 158 Iron and Quinine Citrate 157 Solution of Ammonium Acetate . 57 of Arsenous Acid 70 PAGE Solution of Arsenous and Mer- curic Iodides 70 of Boroglyceride 16 of Cresol, Compound 144 Donovan's 70 of Ferric Chloride 157 of Ferric Subsulphate 158 of Ferric Sulphate 158 of Formaldehyde 167 Fowler's 70 of Hydrogen Dioxide 67 of Iodine, Compound 200 of Iron and Ammonium Ace- tate 158 of Lead Subacetate 267 of Lead Subacetate, Diluted . . 267 of Lime 101 Lugol's 200 of Magnesium Citrate 215 of Mercuric Nitrate 184 of Pepsin 254 of Pepsin, Aromatic 254 of Peptonate of Iron with Manganese 159 of Potassium Arsenite 70 of Potassium Citrate 19 of Potassium Hydroxide 274 of Sodium Arsenate 70 of Sodium Hydroxide 302 of Sodium Phosphate, Com- pound 303 of Zinc Chloride 329 Solutions 213 Sparteinse Sulphas 294 Sparteine Sulphate 294 Spearmint 222 Oil 222 Spirit 222 Water 222 Specifying Manufacturers in Prescribing 386 Spermaceti 117 Spice 265 Spigelia 305 Fluidextract 305 Spirit of Ammonia 56 of Ammonia, Aromatic 56 of Anise 62 544 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Spirit of Bitter Almond 60 of Camphor 105 of Chloroform 120 of Cinnamon 132 of Ether 47 of Ether, Compound 47 of Gaultheria 37 of Glonoin 174 of Glyceryl Trinitrate 174 of Juniper 236 of Juniper, Compound 236 of Lavender 237 of Myrcia 306 of Nitrous Ether 48 of Orange, Compound 76 of Peppermint 220 of Spearmint 222 Spirits 305 Spiritus 305 yEtheris Compositus 47 ^Etheris Nitrosi 48 Ammonia? 56 Ammonias Aromaticus 56 Amygdalae Amarse 60 Anisi 62 Aurantii Compositus 76 Camphorae 105 Chloroformi 120 Cinnamomi 132 Frumenti 50 Gaultheriae 37 Glycerylis Nitratis 174 Juniperi 236 Junipcri Compositus 236 Lavandulae 237 Menthae Piperitae 220 Menthae Viridis 222 Myrciae 306 Rectificatus 50 Vini Gallici 50 Vini Rectificatus 50 Squill 293 Fluidextract 294 Syrup 294 Syrup Compound 294 Tincture 294 Vinegar 294 Staphisagria 307 page Staphisagria, Fluidextract 307 Starch 61 Stavesacre 307 Stearic Acid 37 Stearoptens 5 Sternutatory 4 Stillingia 307 Fluidextract 307 Stimulants 3 Stock Prescriptions 400 Storax 309 Stramonium 307 Extract 307 Fluidextract 307 Ointment 307 Tincture 307 Stronger Ammonia Water 56 Orange Flower Water 76 Rose Water 284 Strontii Bromidum 94 Iodidum 202 Salicylas 32 Strontium 308 Bromide 94 Iodide 202 Salicylate 32 Strophanthin 308 Strophanthinum 308 Strophanthus 308 Tincture 308 Strychninae 228 Strychninae Nitras 229 Sulphas 229 Strychnine 228 Nitrate 229 Sulphate 229 Styptics 4 Styrax 309 Sublimed Sulphur 310 Subscription 361 Sudorihcs 4 Suet, Prepared 297 Sugar ...:.... 287 of Lead 267 of Milk 287 Sulphonal 310 Sulphonethylmethane 309 Sulphonethylmethanum 309 GENERAL INDEX. 545 PAGE Sulphonmethane 310 Sulphonmethanum 310 Sulphur 310 Iodide 311 Lotum 310 Ointment 310 Prascipitatum 310 Precipitated 310 Sublimed 310 Washed 310 Sulphurated Lime 100 Sulphuric Acid 38 Ether 46 Sulphuris Iodidum 311 Sulphurous Acid 39 Sumbul 312 Extract 312 Fluidextract 312 Superscription 359 Suppositoria 313 Glycerini 172 Suppositories 313 of Glycerin 172 Suprarenal Glands, Desiccated . . 171 Sweet Almond 60 Flag 100 Oil 238 Orange Peel 75 Orange Peel, Syrup 76 Orange Peel, Tincture 76 Spirit of Niter 48 Sydenham's Laudanum 243 Syrup 287 of Acacia 9 of Almond 60 of Calcium Lactophosphate . . 101 of Ferrous Iodide 138 of Ginger 332 of Glycerophosphates 158 of Hydriodic Acid 203 of Hypophosphite, Compound.. 25 of Hypophosphites 25 of Ipecac 206 of Iron, Quinine and Strych- nine Phosphates 158 of Krameria 210 of Lactucarium 210 of Lemon 212 PAGE Syrup of Lime 101 of Orange 76 of Orange Flowers 76 of Rhubarb 283 of Rhubarb, Aromatic 283 of Rose 284 of Rubus 286 of Sarsaparilla, Compound . . . 292 of Senega 296 of Senna 296 of Squill 294 of Squill, Compound 294 of Tar 266 of Tolu 79 of Wild Cherry 276 Syrups 313 Syrupus 287 Acaciae 9 Acidi Hydriodici 203 Amygdalae 60 Aurantii 76 Aurantii Florum 76 Calcii Lactophosphas 101 Calcis 101 Eriodictyi Aromaticus 153 Ferri Iodidi 158 Ferri, Quininae et Strychnines Phosphatum 158 Glycerophosphatis Compositus. 158 Hypophosphitum 25 Hypophosphitum Compositus . 26 Ipecacuanhas 206 Krameriae 210 Lactucarii 210 Limonis 212 Picis Liquidas . ." 266 Pruni Virginianas 276 Rhei 283 Rhei Aromaticus 283 Rosas 284 Rubi 286 Sarsaparillas Compositum 292 Scillas 294 Scillae Compositus 294 Senegas 296 Sennas 296 Tolutanus 79 Zingiberis 332 35 546 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Tabellas 314 Table of Abbreviations, Words and Phrases 411 of Apothecaries' Measures 338 of Apothecaries' Weights 338 of Approximate Measures .... 339 of Avoirdupois Weight 337 of Drops to Fluidrachm 415 of Relative Values of Weights and Measures 410 of Solubilities 416 Salt 301 Tablet Triturates 314 Tablets 314 Taenifuges 1 Talc 314 Purified 314 Talcum 314 Purificatum 314 Tamarind 315 Tamarindus 315 Tannic Acid 40 Tannin 40 Tar 266 Oil 266 Ointment 266 Syrup 266 Taraxacum 315 Extract 315 Fluidextract 315 Tartaric Acid 41 Telephoning Prescriptions 393 Terebene 316 Terebenum 316 Terebinthina 315 Terpin Hydrate 317 Terpini Hydras 317 Thoroughwort 154 Thymol 317 Thyroid Glands, Desiccated 172 Tinctura 42 Aconiti 42 Aloes 53 Aloes et Myrrhas 53 Arnicas 70 Asafcetidse 73 Aurantii Amari 75 Aurantii Dulcis 76 PAGE Tinctura Belladonnas Foliorum . 80 Benzoini 85 Benzoini Composita 85 Calendulas 104 Calumbas 104 Cannabis Indicas 109 Cantharidis Ill Capsici Ill Cardamomi 113 Cardamomi Composita 113 Catechu Composita 115 Cinchona 125 Cinchona Composita 125 Cinnamomi 132 Colchici Seminis 137 Digitalis 146 Ferri Chloridi 157 Gallas 168 Gambir Composita 168 Gelsemii 169 Gentianas Composita 170 Guaiaci 179 Guaiaci Ammoniata 179 Hydrastis 193 Hyoscyami 195 Io'di 200 Ipecacuanhas et Opii 243 Kino 209 Kramerias 210 Lactucarii 211 Lavandulas Composita 237 Limonis Corticis 212 Lobelias 214 Moschi 226 Myrrhas 227 Xucis Vomicas 228 Opii 243 Opii Camphorata 243 Opii Deodorati 243 Physostigmatis 262 Pyrethri 276 Quassias 277 Quillajas 278 Rhei 283 Rhei Aromatica 283 Sanguinarias 288 Scillas 294 Serpentarias 297 GENERAL INDEX. 547 PAGE Tinctura Stramonii 307 Strophanthi 308 Tolutana 79 Valerianae 323 Valeriana? Ammoniata 323 Vanilla; 325 Veratri 325 Zingiberis 332 Tincturse Herbarum Recentium . 320 Tincture of Aconite 42 of Aloes 53 of Aloes and Myrrh 53 of Arnica 70 of Asaf etida 73 of Belladonna Leaves 80 of Benzoin 85 of Benzoin, Compound 85 of Bitter Orange Peel 75 of Calendula 104 of Calumba 104 of Cantharides Ill of Capsicum Ill of Cardamom 113 of Cardamom, Compound 113 of Cinchona 125 of Cinchona, Compound 125 of Cinnamon 132 of Colchicum Seed 137 of Deodorized Opium 243 of Digitalis 146 of Ferric Chloride 157 of Gambir, Compound 168 of Gelsemium 169 of Gentian, Compound 170 of Ginger 332 of Green Soap 291 of Guaiac 179 of Guaiac, Ammoniated 179 of Hydrastis 193 of Hyoscyamus 195 of Indian Cannabis 109 of Iodine 200 of Ipecac and Opium 243 of Kino 209 of Krameria 210 of Lactucarium 211 of Lavender, Compound 237 of Lemon Peel 212 page Tincture of Lobelia 214 of Musk 226 of Myrrh 227 of Nutgall 168 of Nux Vomica ....'. 228 of Opium 243 of Opium, Camphorated 243 of Opium, Deodorized 243 of Physostigma 262 of Pyrethrum 276 of Quassia 277 of Quillaja 278 of Rhubarb 283 of Rhubarb, Aromatic 283 of Sanguinaria 289 of Serpentaria 297 of Squill 294 of Stramonium 307 of Strophanthus 308 of Sweet Orange Peel 76 of Tolu 79 of Valerian 323 of Valerian, Ammoniated 323 of Vanilla 325 of Veratrum 325 Tinctures 319 of Fresh Herbs 320 Tolu, Balsam 79 Syrup 79 Tincture 79 Tonics 3 Trichloracetic Acid 42 Trional 309 Triticum 321 Fluidextract 321 Trituratio 321 Elaterini 149 Trituration of Elaterin 149 Triturations 321 Troches 321 of Ammonium Chloride 58 of Cubeb 145 of Gambir 168 of Glycyrrhiza and Opium .... 243 of Krameria 210 of Potassium Chlorate 272 of Santonin 289 of Sodium Bicarbonate 299 548 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Trochisci 321 Ammonii Chloridi 58 Cubebae 145 Gambir 168 Glycyrrhizse* et Opii 243 Krameriae 210 Potassii Chloratis 272 Santonini 289 Sodii Bicarbonatis 299 Troy Weights 338 Tuberous Root 6 Tully's Powder 244 Turpentine 315 Emulsion 316 Liniment 316 Oil 315 Oil, Rectified 315 Ulmus 322 Unguentum 322 Aquae Rosae 284 Belladonnas 81 Chrysarobini 123 Diachylon 268 Gallae" 168 Hydrargyri 182 Hydrargyri Ammoniati 183 Hydrargyri Dilutum 182 Hydrargyri Nitratis 184 Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi 183 Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri 183 Iodi 200 Iodoformi 199 Phenolis 258 Picis Liquidae 266 Potassii Iodidi 202 Stramonii 307 Sulphuris 310 Veratrinae 326 Zinci Oxidi 329 Zinci Stearatis 331 Urotropin 180 Uva Ursi 323 Fluidextract 323 Vehicle 359 Vehicles 371 Valerates 324 page Valerian 323 Fluidextract 323 Tincture 323 Tincture, Ammoniated 323 Valeriana 323 Vallet's Mass 156 Vanilla 325 Tincture 325 Vanillin 325 Vanillinum 325 Veratrina 325 Veratrine 325 Ointment 326 Oleate 326 Veratrum 325 Fluidextract 325 Tincture 325 Viride 325 Vermicides 1 Vermifuges 1 Vesicants 3 Viburnum Opulus 326 Fluidextract 326 Prunifolium 327 Fluidextract 327 Vinegar of Opium 242 of Squill 294 Vinegars 13 Vinum 327 Album 50 Antimonii 63 Cocae 133 Colchici Seminis 137 Ergotae 151 Ferri 157 Ferri Amarum 157 Ipecacuanhas 206 Opii 243 Rubrum 50 Virginia Snakeroot 297 Volatile Oil of Mustard 298 Wahoo 154 Washed Sulphur 310 W r ater 66 Ammonia 55 Ammonia, Stronger 56 Anise 62 GENERAL INDEX. 549 PAGE Water, Bitter Almond 60 Camphor 105 Chloroform 120 Cinnamon 132 Creosote 142 Distilled 66 Fennel 167 Hamamelis 180 Lime 101 Orange Flower 76 Orange Flower, Stronger 76 Peppermint 220 Rose 284 Rose, Stronger 284 Spearmint 222 Waters, Medicated 65 Wax, White 116 Yellow 115 Weight 337 Whisky 50 White Arsenic 70 Hellebore 325 Mustard 298 Oak 278 Petrolatum 256 Precipitate 182 Wax 116 Wine 50 W r ild Cherry 275 Fluidextract 275 Infusion 276 Syrup 276 Wine 50 Measure 338 of Antimony 63 of Coca 133 of Colchicum Seed 137 of Ergot 151 of Ipecac 206 of Iron 157 of Iron, Bitter 157 of Opium 243 Wines 327 Witchhazel 179 Bark 180 PAGE Witchhazel Leaves 180 Wolfbane 42 Wood Charcoal 112 Wool-fat 45 Wormseed, Levant 289 Write Prescriptions 386 Written Instructions to Patients. 375 Xanthoxylum 328 Fluidextract 328 Yellow Cinchona 125 Jasmine 169 Mercuric Oxide 183 Mercuric Oxide, Ointment .... 183 Mercurous Iodide 183 Wax 115 Yerba Santa 152 Zea 328 Zinc 328 Acetate 328 Bromide 94 Carbonate, Precipitated 329 Chloride 329 Iodide 202 Oxide 329 Phenolsulphonate 330 Phosphide 331 Stearate 330 Sulphate 331 Valerate 324 Zinci Acetas 328 Bromidum 94 Carbonas Prsecipitatus 329 Chloridum 329 Iodidum 202 Oxidum 329 Phenolsulphonas 330 Phosphidum 331 Stearas 330 Sulphas 331 Valeras 324 Zincum 328 Zingiber 332 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ODDEt,t.lD3t. c 3 Hi m m lili l ff WBm mm i h m p --H mm IB H jffiStBraaffial nn 1111 mlu WBm H NT mi ^m wr mm mmm j ,r ,,.iv:l.nr. ; I 58 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 59 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ ■ 1 1 61 63 62 64 65 i.... ....I. flWFF ijiihii lijttiiii itiliittiiHiim^tt