L-- ,,...,.„:,.,:: E99 .D1P5 ■5 vT > /. 1 9 * ..., r oK cr ,4 9, ■-V"V.-^ .v-v..... •• ■or ci» - , ^ * .4 O. -1 o . °o J>*, c c <>\ . T* THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION. A PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION J) 1 Copyrighted 1909 By Ralph H. Ross, M. D. ©0.A253893 M A H 4 4 N a natural war- rior, a natural logician, a nat- ural artist. We have room for all three in our highly organiz- ed social sys- tem. Let us not make the mistake, in the process of absorbing them, of washing out of them whatever is distinctively Indian. Our abori- ginal brother brings, as his con- tribution to the common store of character, a great deal which is admirable, and which needs only to be developed along the right line. Our proper work with him is Improvement, not Trans/or- motion. Francis E. Leupp. ro ■a n itnnl JlMl Ei in mm illJl Ml Border by courtesy of The Indian Craftsman, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Major John R. Brennan, Superintendent — Pine Ridge Reservation. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PINE RIDGE RESERVATION. k HE Bureau of Indian Affairs, with a Chief, a Clerk and an Assistant, was first organized in 1824 by the Secretary of war, and in 1832 the Government Indian Bureau with a Commissioner was regularly established. But when in 1849 the Department of the Interior was organized, the supervisory powers relative to the acts of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and his Bureau was transferred from the Secretary of "War to the Secretary of the Interior, who then became the head of the Indian Depart- ment. In the southern part of South Dakota, west of the center and bordering on the northern boundary of Nebraska, is the large Pine Ridge Reservation consisting of about 3,000,000 acres. "With an In- dian population of over 6, 700 it is, outside of Indian Territory, the second largest reservation in size and population in the United States. This Reservation is occupied by the Oglala Sioux, the largest tribe of Sioux Indians now existing. Although the first treaty was made with the Oglala Sioux in 1868, it was not till late in the autumn of 1878 that Pine Ridge Reservation was permanently located and the selection of the Agency, at the junction of Wolf Creek and "White Clay, was determined upon. This Agency is two miles north of the Nebraska line and twenty five miles north of Rushville, Nebr., which is on the Chicago & North "Western Rail- way. The government of the Indians and Reservation affairs is in the hands of a Superintendent, who, under the jurisdiction of the Com- missioner of Indian Affairs, exercises immediate control of all matters pertaining to the Indians, the Reservation and the Govern- ment employees thereon. The Reservation is divided into six districts; "Wakpamni, with a population of 900; "White Clay, with a population of 1000; "Wounded Knee, with a population of 1300; Porcupine, with a population of 1000; Medicine Root, with a population of 1100; and Pass Creek, A BRIEF HISTORY OF PINE RIDGE RESERVATION. with a population of 1400. Each of these districts in under the immediate supervision of a sub-agent or Farmer, who, with an assistant and a detail of Indian police, governs his district under the direction of the Superintendent. In the year 1878, only two years after the great Sioux massacre of General Custer and his five companies of the Seventh Cavalry, provisions was made for the enrollment of Indian Police and for the establishment of Indian Courts on various reservations. The judges and police are appointed by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs through the recommendation of the Superintendent. There are forty-six policemen and six judges on this Reservation. There are three religious denominations maintaining missionaries and churches on Pine Ridge Reservation. The Episcopal Church is represented by Rev. Neville Joyner, M. A.; the Presbyterian by Rev. A. F. Johnson; and the Catholic by Rev. Eugene Buechel. Each of these denominations has a church at the Agency and a number of others at different points on the Reservation. In the matter of education the Oglala Sioux is well provided for. There are, widely scattered over the Reservation, twenty nine day schools each with a capacity of about twenty-five children. The first of these day schools was built at the Agency immediately after its establishment in 1878. At each day school there is a teacher and housekeeper, who is generally the teacher's wife. These day schools and employees are under the immediate supervision of an inspector. There is also a government boarding school of over two hundred capacity maintained for the children of the Oglala Sioux. The Oglala Boarding School is situated one-half mile west of the Indian Agency. The old boarding school, which was built in 1881, was destroyed by fire in 1883 and the present new school was built and opened 1898. The buildings are all of brick, except a frame horse barn and a cement dairy barn, and they are heated by steam and lighted by electricity. Cement walks connect the buildings and a graded walk extends to the Agency and town. As in all Indian boarding schools one-half of each day is devoted to industrial train- ing and the other half to literary study. Industrial training for the boys consists chiefly in farming, gardening, dairying, carpentering, printing, shoe and harness making, and engineering; that for the girls is in sewing, baking, cooking, laundrying, music and general house- A BRIEF HISTORY OF PINE RIDGE RESERVATION. work. There are twenty three employees at this school and it is under the management of a principal and physician. The Catholic Church also maintains a mission boarding school five miles from the Agency which has a capacity of over two hundred. The Holy Rosary Mission School is under the superintendency of the Rev. Eugene Buechel. It was built in 1888 and the money for its erec- tion, $35,000, was furnished by Miss Catherine Drexel of Philadel- phia. The health of the Indians and employees is looked after by four physicians. Free medical attendance and medicines are furnished all Indian Service employees. The are two physicians located at the Agency. The day school physician is locatad at Kyle, the sub- agency for Medicine Root District- And the principal at the boarding school is also the physician for that school. The land of this Reservation is being allotted the Oglalas by an allotting crew under the direction of an Allotting Agent. This al- lotting has been going on for the past five years and it will probably take three more before it is completely finished. There are thirteen Indian traders on this Reservation. Three of these have stores at the Agency and the balance at or close to the different sub-agencies. Three of these traders are Indians and the rest white men. The following named Oglala Sioux chieftans, warriors and medicine men will go down in Indian annals as the greatest in the history of the whole Sioux Nation; Red Cloud; Crazy Horse; Old-Man- Afraid-Of-His-Horses; Little "Wound; American Horse; Blue Horse; Spotted Elk; Licks; Rocky Bear; Kicking Bear; Conquering Bear; Owns Sorrel Horse; Charging Shield; Standing Bear; No Flesh; No "Water; "Woman Dress; Short Bull; Fire Lightning; Knife Chief; He dog; Young-Man- Afraid-Of-His-Horses, and Sword. In this list only the last six are now alive. Red Cloud, the most celebrated of these Sioux, was the last to die. At the age of ninety, he passed away, on the 11th day of December 1909. Hon. A. R. Balling er, Secretary of the Interior. Hon. Robert G. Valentine, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Hon. Francis E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. — 1904 to 1909. Miss Estelle Reel, Supt. of all Indian Schools. Dr. Ralph H. Ross, M. D., Superintendent & Physician - Oglala Boarding School. ■ 7* •' ' Rev. Father Buechel, Superintendent of The Holy Rosary Mission. J. J. Duncan, Day School Inspector W. A. Coffield, Post Master. — Pine Ridge. Charles H. Bates, Allotting Agent. — Pine Ridge Reservation Charles Ash Bates, Allotting Suj-veyoj-. — Pine Ridge Reservation. Dr. J. R. Walker, Agency Physician. Rev. Father Westropp, Catholic Missionary. Rev. A. F. Johnson, Presbyterian Missionary. M Rev. N. Joyner, M. A., Episcopal Missionary. Mrs. Brennan, Financial Clerk. John Linnehan, Properly Cleric. A. M. Landman. Chief Clerk. Oliver C. Ross, Pay Roll Clerk. Edward Heibel, Stenographer. John Burdick, Agency Engineer. Melvin Baxter Issue Cleric. E. L. Rosecranz, Agen cy Fa rmer. A. F. Beaver, Agency Carpenter Patrick Gunn, Agency Blacksmith. ',; Will i The Police Force, Pine Ridge Reservation. William Berg in, Chief of Police. E. M. Co/field, Indian Trader. H. P. Simmons, Indian Trader. J. D. Corder, Indian Trader. Dr. A. J. Wheeler, Day School Physician. J. J. Boesl, Farmer, Pass Creek. Dr. Edward Swadener. Agency Physician. George C. Dawson, Farmer, Porcupine. Thomas Tyon, Farmer, White Clay. 4 Presbyterian Church, Pine Ridge. :*WW«>- Catholic Mission Church, Pine Ridge. Interior View — Catholic Church — Holy Rosary Mission. A group of Catholic Missionaries. A group of Episcopal Missionaries. 3 o Co a Q v £ffTI The Oglala Supply House. — J. D. Corder, Proprietor. 1 1 » ^§ I A &i£ rfaj a* £. i*f. Co/fields' Trading Post. No. 29 Day School. AX JVo. 27 Day School. A Bird's Eye View of the United States Indian Chief Blue Horse. Chief American Horse. ■ -•■■..-. " * 5? w^-r^^"*— "*** — ■>^" 1 f'w, zf Pz'ne Ridge, South Dakota, Looking West. Chief Red Cloud. Chief Short Bull. Day School Employees, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. Edward Truman. Mrs. Truman. Clarence Three Stars. George Simeral. Mrs. Simeral. Day School Employees, Pine Rid^e Reservation, South Dakota. Mrs. Julian. Ralph Julian. V^| 4 M. C. Helm. Mrs. Reed. D. H. Reed. Day School Employees, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. J. G. Owen. Mrs. Owen. E. M. Keith. Nick Conner. Mrs. Conner. Day School Employees, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. Mrs. Robertson. A. A. Robertson. August Harman. Mrs. Fisher H. L. Fisher Day School Employees, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. '■ Edwin Tabor. Miss Pense. Mrs. Tabor W. F. MullaUy. Ralph Fisher Joe Red Willow, Catholic Catechisi. George Fire Thunder, Episcopal Catechisi. \ Nicholas Black Elk, Catholic Ca tec hist. Major Brennan's Office. IHiro* The First Indian Agent's Office. Major Brennan's Residence. The Pine Ridge Hotel. M Presbyterian Congregation. White Clay. Episcopal Mission Church and Parsonage. 3 a o to o o a. I O) o o o TO a TO "J a SP 2 o o f"1 If 2/ie Superintendent's Cottage. Student's Dining Hall. : r* i r I Power House and Laundry. Pumping Station. Butcher Shop and Commissary. Carpenter and Harness Shops. The Government Herd. The Horse Barn. The Piggery. The King of the Prairie. o o o If a o § fr o c5 •c fi Reception Room. — Girl's Building. Mrs. Ralph H. Ross, Matron. Victor E. Spar kl in, Principal Teacher. Miss Morgan Intermediate Teacher. Miss West, Kinder Partner Miss Culver, Primary Teacher, Mrs. Harvey, Seamstress. Nicholas Miller, Jr. Gardener & Dairyman. Wm. G. Vlandry, Assf. Engineer. Mrs. Gates, Laundress. Francis Chapman. Printer & Bandmaster P. H. E. Molzahn, Engineer. Mrs. Wilson, Asst. Seamstress. Miss. Far r ell, Asst. Matron. F. G. Wilson, Disci pi in a ria n . Miss Stover, Asst. Cook. Mrs. Blackhawk, Asst. Matron. George Stigers, Shoe & Harttessmaker Mrs. Tway, Baker. James A. Couch, Ca rpen ter. The Poultry Yard. Masons at Work. The Stand Pipe. The Allotting Crew. An Indian Council. An Indian Council. An Indian Encampment. By courtesy of The Indian Craftsman, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Photograph by Carpenter, of the Field Museum. A good type of the Sioux Woman. Indian Children in Native Dress. Jkmgm Courtesy of The Indian Craftsman, Carlisle, Pa. A good type of the Sioux Man. ■ Chipps. — Medicine Man. A give away. Beef Issue. Chief American Horse and Grandchildren. jy* f^ii«sJW^«L^ w Home of Chief American Horse. m An Indian Curio Collection. Cowboys Starting on a Round-up. At the Stockyards. Wild West Indians. ■ -fL The Wounded Knee Battlefield. Monument on the Wounded Knee Battlefield. .';'-*>;"• UrS**"? ~ : .'' VsHfc^^tf^fi^^^ ^^\T- . i The Bad Lands. Bad Lands. — Part of Cedar Mountain. RD 1.4 » I< ion >| [q1 |c=z=ioe=zz51 This brochure was arranged and printed by indian stu- dent - apprentices under the supervision of the in- STRUCTOR of Printing — in TTHE OFFICE OF *T* HE OGLALA LIGH _L a department of the oglala Indian Training School, an Institution supported by the United States Government for the education of Sioux Indian boys and girls, and lo- cated at Pine Ridge, So. Dak. I< r oi=Dlfol[cz=io ] >| - V ^ ** •' ■ . «> ^ °3 O. * o « o ° ,0 v* ^o< ^O 5 0-A ^_ 0* - l "« O >» v •,%" V --"- £ -5 b ^ ^0*