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 RULES AND STATUTES 
 
 PROFESSORSHIPS IN THE UNIVERSITY 
 
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 RULES AND STATUTES 
 
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CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Hollis Professor of Divinity 1 
 
 Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy . . 3 
 
 Hancock Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages . 7 
 
 The Massachusetts Professorship of Natural History . . 10 
 Boylston Professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory . . . .19 
 
 Eliot Professorship of Greek Literature 25 
 
 Dexter Lecturer on Biblical Literature ..... 28 
 
 Royall Professorship of Law 34 
 
 Smith Professorship of the French and Spanish Languages and Lit- 
 erature, and Professorship of Belles Lettres .... 38 
 
 Rumford Professorship and Lecturer on the Application of the Sci- 
 ences to the Useful Arts ....... 40 
 
 Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil 
 
 Polity 43 
 
 Parkman Professorship of Pulpit Eloquence and the Pastoral Care 46 
 
 Dane Professorship of Law ........ 48 
 
 Medical Statutes . . .51 
 
 Fisher Professorship of Natural History 54 
 
 Professorship of the Principles of Surgery and Clinical Surgery . 55 
 
 McLean Professorship of Ancient and Modern History . . 56 
 
 Appendix 61 
 
FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES, 
 
 HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY. 
 
 Rules, Orders, and Statutes relating to the Professor of 
 Divinity in Harvard College, at Cambridge, in New Eng- 
 land. 
 
 1. That the Professor be a Master of Arts, and in com- 
 munion with some Christian church of one of the three 
 denominations, Congregational, Presbyterian, or Baptist. 
 
 2. That his province be to instruct the students in the sev- 
 eral parts of Theology by reading a system of Positive, and 
 a course of Controversial Divinity, beginning always with a 
 short prayer. 
 
 3. That the said Professor read his private lectures of 
 positive and controversial Divinity so many times in the 
 week as shall finish both courses within the term of one 
 year. 
 
 4. That the Professor read publicly, once a week, upon 
 Divinity, either positive, controversial, or casuistical ; and 
 as often upon Church History, Critical Exposition of Scrip- 
 ture, or Jewish Antiquities, as the Corporation, with the ap- 
 probation of the Overseers, shall judge fit, always times of 
 vacation excepted. 
 
 5. That the Professor set apart two or three hours one 
 afternoon in the week, to answer such questions of the stu- 
 
 1 
 
dents who shall apply to him as refer to the system, or con- 
 troversies of religion, or cases of conscience, or the seeming 
 contradictions in Scripture. 
 
 6. That the Professor of Divinity, while in the office, 
 shall not be a tutor in any other science, or obliged to any 
 other attendance in the College than the above-mentioned 
 public and private Lectures. 
 
 7. That the Professor read his private lectures to such 
 only as are, at least, of two years' standing in the College. 
 
 8. That, an honorable salary being provided for the Pro- 
 fessor, it is expected that he require no fee from any of the 
 students for their instruction. 
 
 9. That the said Professor be chosen by the Reverend 
 President and Fellows of the College, or the major part of 
 them, for the time being, and be presented by them, when 
 chosen, to the Honorable and Reverend Overseers, to be by 
 them approved and confirmed in his place. 
 
 10. That the said Professor be, at all times, under the in- 
 spection of the Reverend President and Fellows, and of the 
 Honorable and Reverend Overseers for the time, to be by the 
 said President and Fellows, or the major part of them, dis- 
 placed for any just and valuable cause, the Honorable and 
 Reverend Overseers also, or the major part of them, consent- 
 ing thereunto, but not else. 
 
 1 1 . That the person, chosen from time to time to be a Pro- 
 fessor, be a man of solid learning in Divinity, of sound or 
 orthodox principles, one who is well gifted to teach, of a 
 sober and pious life, and of a grave conversation. 
 
 The Plan, or Form, for the Professor of Divinity to agree to 
 at his Inauguration. 
 
 That he repeat his oaths to the civil government ; that he 
 declare it as his belief, that the Scriptures of the Old and 
 New Testament are the only perfect rule of faith and man- 
 ners ; and that he promise to explain and open the Scriptures 
 to his pupils with integrity and faithfulness, according to the 
 
best light that God shall give him. That he promise to pro- 
 mote true piety and godliness by his example and instruction ; 
 that he consult the good of the College, and the peace of 
 the churches of our Lord Jesus Christ, on all occasions ; 
 and that he religiously observe the statutes of his founder, 
 and all such other statutes and orders, as shall be made by 
 the College, not repugnant thereunto. 
 
 Signed and sealed the tenth day of January, in the ninth 
 year of the reign of King George, 1722. 
 
 THOMAS HOLLIS. [l. s.] 
 
 Witness, Jeremiah Hunt, Edward Wallin, John ) 
 Hollis, Joshua Winslow, John Osborn, Dan- > 
 iel Neal, William Harris. ) 
 
 December 15th, 1804. It was voted, " That it shall be the 
 duty of the Hollis Professor of Divinity to preach, and to per- 
 form other divine services in the Chapel, before the Offi- 
 cers, Graduates, and Undergraduates, on the Lord's Day, 
 forenoon and afternoon, whenever the same shall be hereafter 
 required by the Corporation and Overseers." 
 
 HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL 
 PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 Rules and Orders relating to a Professor of Mathematics, and 
 of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, in Harvard Col- 
 lege, in Cambridge, in New England, appointed by Mr. 
 Thomas Hollis of London, Merchant. 
 
 1. That the Professor be a Master of Arts, and well ac- 
 quainted with the several parts of the Mathematics and of Nat- 
 ural and Experimental Philosophy. 
 
 2. That his province be to instruct the students in a system 
 
of Natota!. aof a cexase ::' Expertocecta: Px 
 which to be c:x:_xececaed Pceaotax:s. Hydra 
 c ataxics. Statics. Optic?. <kc: axd in txe eiext: 
 
 1 : 
 
 1-5 xratioxs. Pi 
 
 y. Tycho B.xce. and Copernicus; whi 
 :: Dialling, the division of the world in- 
 
 3. Txat txe P::fess:: siaxi rata :cce a week, aoe. wiies:- 
 =vei txe Ccrpcratitx wi:x txe Eeprobaxcx of toe Overseers 
 sxaii reepxxe it. twice a ~ffa 'rides :: vacation excepted. 
 publiclv, in the hall, to all students that will attend, on such 
 topics relating :o txe science of the Mathematics, Natural 
 :: Experirxextal Phil. 5:007. = 5 xe e'xxli x::oe x :s: xeeessary 
 ace :se:o.. :a: £_~=ys 0:5x0:: :: cixeerect :::xo :xs private 
 
 irtO 0X5. 
 
 4. Too: :xe soix Profess:: sixii read xis 00c;: ie::o:es 
 on the several parts :f :de Mathematics, Natural and Experi- 
 
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 a Professor, while in that office, shall not be 
 
 ■1 science, ox x.oe :x ioot txe casttrai ::- 
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 for the. study of Divinity ; but for other students of the Col- 
 lege that desire his instructions, he may receive a fee as the 
 Corporation shall direct, with the approbation of the Over- 
 seers, not exceeding forty shillings per annum. 
 
 7. That the Professor shall set apart two or three hours in 
 every week to converse with his pupils, and endeavour to clear 
 such difficulties as lie upon their minds relating to the several 
 parts of the Mathematics, Natural and Experimental Philos- 
 ophy, of which he is Professor. 
 
 8. That the said Professor shall in all times to come be 
 chosen by the Reverend the President and Fellows of Har- 
 vard College for the time being, and shall be presented to the 
 Honourable and Reverend Overseers of the College, to be 
 approved by them, and then shall be jointly recommended by 
 them to me for my confirmation during my life, and after my 
 decease to such person as I shall appoint by my last will under 
 my hand and seal during the term of his life ; also, 
 
 9. That the said Professor shall at all times be under the 
 care and inspection of the Reverend the President and Fel- 
 lows of Harvard College, with the Honorable and Reverend 
 Overseers of the College, for the time being, but shall not be 
 displaced by them during his capacity for service, except for 
 some just and valuable cause. 
 
 10. Upon the death or removal of a Professor, the Corpo- 
 ration shall be obliged to fill up the vacancy within twelve 
 months ; and in case of default, the nomination and choice 
 shall for that time be in the Overseers, to be confirmed by 
 me during my life, and by my executor after me ; and in case 
 they shall not fill up the vacancy in one year more, I then will 
 bequeath and appoint the principal and produce of this estate 
 to return to my executor. 
 
 11. On the day of inauguration the Professor shall take the 
 oaths to the civil government as appointed by the law, in the 
 presence of the Reverend the President and Fellows of the 
 College, and the Honorable and Reverend Overseers thereof, 
 in the public hall. 
 
12. At the same time and place, and in the same presence, 
 he shall declare himself to be of the Protestant Reformed re- 
 ligion, as it is now professed and practised by the churches in 
 New England, commonly distinguished by the name of Con- 
 gregational, Presbyterian, or Baptist, and that he will comply 
 with the same. 
 
 13. He shall promise to discharge the trust now reposed in 
 him with diligence and fidelity, and to the advantage of the 
 students ; that he will not only endeavour the advancement of 
 true learning, but consult the good of the College in every 
 other respect ; that he will promote true piety and godliness 
 by his own example and encouragement, and will religiously 
 observe the statutes of his founder. 
 
 And lastly, I order and appoint ten pounds per annum to 
 the Treasurer for the time being, for his care and pains in 
 keeping the accounts and drawing out a balance every audit 
 day of the College, to be sent to me and to my, next and 
 immediate successor annually, the Corporation being duly no- 
 tified who the said successor is. To all which orders and 
 appointments, above written, being designed and solemnly 
 dedicated and devoted by me to the glory of God, by improv- 
 ing the minds of men in useful knowledge, I set my hand 
 and seal this eighteenth day of January, one thousand seven 
 hundred and twenty-six. 
 
 THOMAS HOLLIS. [l. s.] 
 
 Signed, sealed, and delivered 
 in presence of us, 
 
 John Hollis, Joshua Hollis, 
 Richard Solly, John Williams. 
 
HANCOCK PROFESSOR OF HEBREW AND OTHER ORI- 
 ENTAL LANGUAGES. 
 
 Copy of a Legacy left by the late Hon. Thomas Hancock, 
 Esq., of Boston, in his Will, to Harvard College, Ji. D. 
 1765. 
 
 I give unto the President and Fellows of Harvard College, 
 in Cambridge, the sum of one thousand pounds sterling, and 
 order that the whole income be applied to the support and 
 maintenance of some person, who shall be elected by the 
 President and Fellows, with the approbation and consent of the 
 Overseers, to profess and teach the Oriental Languages, espe- 
 cially the Hebrew, in said College. 
 
 The Professor who shall receive the benefit of the donation 
 shall discharge the duties of his profession and office in such 
 manner, and according to such rules and orders, as shall be 
 appointed and established by the President and Fellows, with 
 the consent of the Overseers ; and previous to his induction in- 
 to this office, he shall declare himself to be of the Protestant 
 Reformed religion, as it is now professed and practised by the 
 churches in New England. The said Professor shall also be 
 removed from his office at the discretion of the President and 
 Fellows, and Overseers of said College, for the time being ; 
 inasmuch as I fully rely on their wisdom and integrity, that this 
 will never be done without some very good and sufficient reason. 
 
 And it is my will, that, as soon as may be after my decease, 
 as also after the decease or removal of any Professor upon this 
 foundation, the President and Fellows proceed to the choice 
 of some person to this office and trust, to be by them presented 
 to the Overseers for their approbation and consent. But if the 
 Overseers shall apprehend any unreasonable delay in this mat- 
 ter, in that case they may proceed by themselves to the ap- 
 pointment of a Professor. 
 
 It is also my will, that all the income of this donation, during 
 
8 
 
 the time the Professorship may be necessarily and unavoidably 
 vacant, shall be added to the capital sum, for the better sup- 
 port and encouragement of succeeding Professors. 
 
 June 12, 1765. 
 
 Statutes, Rules, and Orders relating to the Hancock Profes- 
 sor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages in Harvard 
 College, in Cambridge. 
 
 1. The Professor shall be a Master of Arts, and sufficiently 
 acquainted with those languages which he is to teach, especially 
 the Hebrew. 
 
 2. That his province be to instruct the students in the Ori- 
 ental languages, especially in the Hebrew and Chaldee, being 
 the language in which the Holy Scriptures of the Old Testa- 
 ment were written. 
 
 3. That the Professor shall read once a week (times of 
 vacation excepted) publicly in the chapel, on such topics 
 relating to the languages aforesaid as he shall judge most 
 necessary and useful. In which public lectures he shall explain 
 the peculiar genius and idiom of these languages, together with 
 their characteristic differences from one another and from the 
 Occidental languages ; and shall intersperse such curious and 
 critical remarks as may occur, tending to illustrate the oracles 
 of God. 
 
 4. The said Professor shall also have private lectures, at 
 such times as the Corporation with the consent of the Overseers 
 shall appoint, in which he shall lead his pupils into the knowl- 
 edge of these languages in a more familiar way, and shall 
 endeavour to clear such difficulties as may lie upon their minds 
 relating to them. 
 
 5. The said Professor shall set apart two or three hours in 
 every week to instruct such of his pupils as shall desire it in 
 a more private way in the other Oriental languages, besides 
 those above specified, namely, the Samaritan, the Syriac, and 
 the Arabic. 
 
6. The said Professor, while in that office, shall not take on 
 him the pastoral office in any church, nor follow any other em- 
 ployment that shall interfere with his profession, nor be obliged 
 to any other attendance in the College than the above-mention- 
 ed public and private lectures. 
 
 7. The said Professor shall always be elected by the Presi- 
 dent and Fellows, with the approbation and consent of the 
 Overseers ; and shall at all times be under the care and inspec- 
 tion of the President and Fellows, with the Overseers ; and 
 shall also be removed from his office, at the discretion of the 
 President and Fellows and Overseers of said College for the 
 time being ; but this shall never be done without some very 
 good and sufficient reason. 
 
 8. After the decease or removal of any Professor upon this 
 foundation, the President and Fellows shall proceed, as soon 
 as may be, to the choice of some person to this office and trust, 
 to be by them presented to the Overseers for their approbation 
 and consent. But if the Overseers shall apprehend any unrea- 
 sonable delay in this matter, in that case they may proceed by 
 themselves to the appointment of a Professor. 
 
 9. On the day of inauguration of said Professor, and pre- 
 vious to his induction into his office, he shall publicly, in the 
 presence of the Reverend the President and Fellows, and of 
 the Honorable and Reverend Overseers (according to the ex- 
 press will of his founder), declare himself to be of the Protes- 
 tant Reformed religion, as it is now professed and practised in 
 the churches of New England. 
 
 10. At the same time, and in the same presence, he shall 
 promise to discharge the trust now reposed in him with dili- 
 gence and fidelity, and to the advantage of the students ; and 
 that he will not only endeavour the advancement of their learn- 
 ing, but consult the good of the College in every other respect ; 
 and that he will promote true piety and godliness by his own 
 example and encouragement. 
 
 11. Lastly. The above statutes shall be subject to such 
 alterations and additions, from time to time (consistent with 
 
 2 
 
10 
 
 the will of the founder), as the Corporation, with the consent 
 of the Overseers, shall see cause to make. 
 
 At a Meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard Col- 
 lege, September 27, 1785, 
 
 Voted j That the following addition be made to article fourth 
 of the original Statutes, Rules, and Orders respecting the Han- 
 cock Professor of the Hebrew and other Oriental Languages, 
 namely : - — 
 
 But as some parents or guardians may not wish their sons or 
 wards to pursue these languages, the attendance of those stu- 
 dents who are minors upon these private lectures shall be dis- 
 pensed with, upon their producing to the President a certifi- 
 cate, from their parents or guardians, desiring a dispensation. 
 Those students who are twenty-one years of age may have 
 such a dispensation, upon their own application to the Presi- 
 dent. And as there may be many of the students who will 
 have a dispensation from attending the private lectures of said 
 Professor in the Oriental languages, which will lighten his ser- 
 vice ; and as he receives a considerable part of his support 
 from the College, the money arising from the foundation not 
 being sufficient for the purpose, he shall teach the students the 
 general principles of grammar, and shall instruct them in the 
 knowledge of the English grammar in particular, and in English 
 composition, in such a way, and at such times, as the Corpora- 
 tion, with the consent of the Overseers, shall hereafter direct. 
 
 THE MASSACHUSETTS PROFESSORSHIP OF NATURAL 
 HISTORY. 
 
 At a meeting of the Society of Subscribers to a Fund for 
 the establishment of a Professorship of Natural History , holden 
 at the hall of the Union Bank, in Boston, on Wednesday, the 
 
11 
 
 27th day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 hundred and five, at eleven of the clock in the forenoon, the 
 foundation of the Professorship herein after mentioned, and 
 the following rules and principles, by which it should be regu- 
 lated and conducted, were agreed upon. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Foundation of the Professorship. 
 
 A Professorship of Natural History shall be founded at 
 Harvard College, in Cambridge ; and the Professor shall be 
 styled, " The Massachusetts Prof essor of Natural History" : — 
 Provided, that if any person shall become a munificent patron 
 of the said Professorship, by liberally endowing the same, it 
 shall be in the power of the President and Fellows of Harvard 
 College to name the Professor after such benefactor. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Election of the Professor. 
 
 1. The first Professor shall be chosen by the greater part of 
 the subscribers aforesaid, present at a meeting to be called for 
 that purpose. 
 
 2. The successors of the first Professor shall be elected by 
 the President and Fellows, and the election be approved by 
 the Overseers of Harvard College, in the same manner as 
 other Professors of the College are chosen. And every Pro- 
 fessor so to be elected shall be a Master of Arts, of the Chris- 
 tian Protestant religion, and of good moral character. 
 
 3. When, after the election of the first Professor, there shall 
 be a vacancy in the office, if a successor shall not be appointed 
 in manner aforesaid, and introduced into the office within six 
 calendar months after the Corporation shall have been requested 
 by the Visiters to fill such vacancy, then the Visiters of the said 
 
12 
 
 Professorship shall have power to fill such vacancy by the 
 election of a Professor. 
 
 4. The Professor, after his election, and before he enter on 
 the execution of the duties of his office, shall make and sub- 
 scribe, before the President and Fellows of Harvard College, 
 a declaration similar to the declarations required from the Med- 
 ical Professors. Provided, however, that the declaration to be 
 subscribed by the Professor of Natural History shall contain 
 nothing repugnant to the rules and principles of this institution 
 herein declared, nor to the laws of the land. 
 
 o. The Professor shall hold his office so long as he shall 
 discharge the duties thereof, and behave well. And he may 
 be removed from the office by the Visiters of the Professor- 
 ship, either for misbehaviour, or incapacity to discharge the 
 duties thereof, according to the discretion of the Visiters. But 
 the President and Fellows of Harvard College may suspend 
 the said Professor from all the powers and duties of his office, 
 for neglect of his dudes to the College required by this founda- 
 tion, or inability to discharge the same, or for immoral behav- 
 iour, which suspension shall continue in full force, until he be 
 restored or removed by the Visiters. 
 
 6. When a Professor shall be removed from the office for 
 incapacity, arising after his election, and from no fault of his 
 own, the Visiters may make such provision for his future sup- 
 port as may be consistent with the state and magnitude of the 
 funds of the Professorship. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Of the Duties of the Professor. 
 
 1 . It shall be the duty of the Professor to form a Botanic 
 Garden on the grounds that shall be provided for that purpose, 
 which shall contain all the plants that may be procured, and 
 may be capable of preservation therein, including all the indige- 
 nous plants of the country, foreign plants which have been or 
 
13 
 
 which may be naturalized here, and all other exotic plants 
 whatever useful for the purposes of this institution. And the 
 Professor shall superintend the Botanic Garden, and the pres- 
 ervation and growth of the plants therein, subject to such rules 
 and regulations as may, from time to time, be prescribed by 
 the Visiters. 
 
 2. The Professor shall read lectures on Botany and Ento- 
 mology to such of the students of Harvard College as may be 
 inclined to attend thereon, at such times, under such regula- 
 tions, and for such gratuities, as shall be directed by the Pres- 
 ident and Fellows of the said College, the gratuities to be 
 assessed in the quarter bills of the students so attending, and 
 when received, to be paid over to the Professor. And the 
 Professor, in his lectures, shall exhibit all the plants necessary 
 to the due illustration of the subject. Provided, however, that 
 those students of Harvard College who are sons of any of the 
 subscribers aforesaid shall be entitled to attend on the said 
 lectures gratis, agreeably to the terms of the original sub- 
 scription. 
 
 3. The Professor, with the assent of the Visiters, and under 
 such regulations as they may prescribe, may read lectures on 
 Botany and Entomology to such other persons as may request 
 to attend on the same, for such gratuities as the Visiters and 
 Professor may determine ; provided that the said regulations 
 be not repugnant to the regulations which may be prescribed 
 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College for the 
 government of the students in their attendance on the Profes- 
 sor. And provided further, that the immediate government of 
 the College may exclude any person from the privilege of at- 
 tending on the lectures of the Professor whom they shall de- 
 clare to have insulted the authority of the College, or to have 
 violated the laws of the College made for the government of 
 the students. 
 
 4. The Professor, either personally or by some assistant 
 by him appointed, and approved by the Visiters and by the 
 President and Fellows of Harvard College, shall attend on all 
 
14 
 
 persons who may desire to view the Botanic Garden, and in- 
 spect the plants therein preserved, at such times, under such 
 regulations, and for such perquisites, as the Visiters, from time 
 to time, shall direct. Provided, that no perquisite be exacted 
 from any of the subscribers aforesaid, nor from any of the 
 Overseers, or of the Corporation, or of the immediate gov- 
 ernors or instructers of Harvard College. Provided, also, that 
 no undergraduate of the College be admitted into the garden 
 but at such hours, and for such length of time, as shall be 
 allowed by the government of the said College. 
 
 5. The Professor shall collect all specimens in Mineralogy 
 for which he may have convenient opportunity ; and after ar- 
 ranging them, he shall deposit them in the Cabinet of Miner- 
 alogy belonging to the Corporation of Harvard College, for the 
 use of the University of Cambridge. 
 
 6. The President and Fellows of Harvard College, with 
 the assent of the Visiters of the Professorship, may enjoin 
 upon the Professor the duty of instructing the students of the 
 College in such other branches of Natural History as may be 
 found from experience consistent with his faithful discharge of 
 all the duties already above enjoined on him. And such further 
 instruction shall be given at such times, under such regulations, 
 and for such gratuities, as the said President and Fellows shall 
 prescribe. And such gratuities shall be assessed and paid 
 over in the same manner as the gratuities for attending on the 
 Lectures on Botany and Entomology. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Of the Funds of the Professorship. 
 
 1 . All the real estate, to be purchased for the foundation 
 of the said Professorship, shall be vested in the President and 
 Fellows of Harvard College, upon the special trust and con- 
 fidence, that the Professor of Natural History, for the time 
 being, shall have the use and occupation of the same, for his 
 
15 
 
 habitation, and for the Botanic Garden, and for such other uses 
 as may be connected therewith. 
 
 2. All the personal property which may belong to the said 
 foundation shall be vested in the President and Fellows of 
 Harvard College, but upon such trusts, and for such uses, as 
 shall, from time to time, be directed by the Visiters of the said 
 Professorship. 
 
 3. Whenever there may be growing, in the Botanic Garden, 
 plants of any description, which may be taken from the Gar- 
 den without any prejudice to the end and design of the Pro- 
 fessorship, such plants may be sold, under such regulations, and 
 for such prices, as the Visiters may direct ; and the profits 
 arising from the inspection or sale of the plants shall form a 
 part of the personal funds of the said Professorship. 
 
 4. The Treasurer of Harvard College shall pay over the 
 rents, issues, and profits of the said estate, real and personal, 
 which he may receive, and also the principal of the said per- 
 sonal estate, to the order of the Visiters of the said Profes- 
 sorship, with whom he shall account, as often as they shall 
 direct. And the Treasurer shall be entitled to such compen- 
 sation for managing and taking care of the personal property of 
 the said Professorship, intrusted to him, as shall be determined 
 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. 
 
 5. The money raised by the subscribers aforesaid shall be 
 paid over to the Treasurer of Harvard College, for the uses 
 and upon the trusts aforesaid ; reserving, however, in the hands 
 of the said subscribers, or in the hands of their own Treasurer, 
 so much of the said money as they may think proper for the 
 purchase of real estate for the said Professorship. 
 
 6. All moneys paid to the Treasurer of Harvard College 
 shall be put at interest in the name of the President and Fel- 
 lows of the said College, but for the uses and upon the trusts 
 aforesaid, by vesting the same in the public funds of this State, 
 or of the United States of America, or in the stock of some 
 bank legally incorporated, at his discretion, unless he receive 
 directions concerning the same from the Visiters of the Pro- 
 
16 
 
 fessorship, to which directions it shall be his duty in all things 
 to conform. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Of the Visiters of the Professorship. 
 
 1. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for promot- 
 ing Agriculture, together with the President of Harvard Col- 
 lege, the President of the American Academy of Arts and 
 Sciences, and the President of the Massachusetts Medical 
 Society, or the greater part of them, shall be the Visiters of 
 the said Professorship, with all the powers and duties in the 
 said Visiters above vested, and on them enjoined. Provided^ 
 that if the Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture 
 shall, at any time, have more than twelve Trustees, then the 
 said Trustees shall elect, out of their own body, twelve, who, 
 together with the three Presidents aforesaid, shall be the Visit- 
 ers of the said Professorship. 
 
 2. And further, the Visiters shall have full power to cause a 
 dwelling-house for the Professor, and such other buildings to 
 be erected, such utensils and materials to be purchased, and 
 such laborers to be employed, as, in their judgment, may be 
 fit and reasonable, — to cause the real estate to be kept in 
 repair, — to prevent any waste or loss in the personal estate, — 
 to see that the Botanic Garden be supplied with the necessary 
 plants, and be duly cultured, — to take care that the duties of 
 the Professor, and of those employed under him, be intelligently 
 and faithfully discharged, — to fix the salary and the emolu- 
 ments of the Professor, and of any assistant he may have, — 
 and generally to make, and cause to be executed, all such rules 
 and regulations as in their judgment will render the said Pro- 
 fessorship most useful in promoting the interests of the Uni- 
 versity of Cambridge, and the arts and agriculture of the State, 
 and for the better qualification of the Professor for discharging 
 the duties of his office ; so that such rules and regulations be 
 
17 
 
 not repugnant to the rules and principles herein agreed upon, 
 nor to the charter of Harvard College, nor to the laws of the 
 land. 
 
 3. The Visiters may make all such appropriation of the 
 funds of the Professorship, including both principal and interest, 
 as, in their judgment, may be necessary for the due execution 
 of the powers with which they are herein vested. 
 
 4. If, at any time, the funds of the said Professorship should 
 be more than sufficient for all the purposes aforesaid, and there 
 should remain any moneys unappropriated, the Visiters may 
 appropriate so much of the moneys so remaining as they may 
 think proper, for the forming or enlarging a cabinet or cabinets 
 of Natural History, for the use of the University of Cambridge, 
 to be connected with the said Professorship, according to the 
 duties that are or may be enjoined on the Professor ; — or the 
 said Visiters may appropriate so much of the moneys so re- 
 maining as they may think proper towards the compensation 
 of any other Professor of Harvard College, to whom may be 
 intrusted, by the President and Fellows of the said College, 
 the right of teaching any branch of Natural History not spe- 
 cially provided for in this institution, if such appropriation, in 
 the judgment of the Visiters, shall be more useful in diffusing 
 the knowledge of Natural History. 
 
 5. The Visiters may constitute one or more committees, 
 selected from themselves, or elsewhere, with authority to exe- 
 cute such of the powers vested in the Visiters as they may 
 judge will be most convenient for the due execution of the 
 great variety of important trusts reposed in them. Provided, 
 that the removal of the Professor from his office, or the fixing 
 his salary and perquisites, by any committee, be not valid, until 
 the same be ratified by the Board of Visiters. 
 
 6. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for promot- 
 ing Agriculture, or the greater part of them, shall call the first 
 meeting of the Visiters, in such manner, and at such time and 
 place, as they shall determine, at which first meeting the greater 
 part of the Visiters then present may agree upon the method 
 
 3 
 
18 
 
 of notifying future meetings, which method they may from time 
 to time alter. And at any meeting of the Visiters duly notified 
 (provided five at least be present) the act of the greater part 
 present shall be deemed the act of the Visiters. 
 
 7. To prevent any failure of Visiters of the said Professor- 
 ship, it is agreed, that if the Trustees of the Massachusetts So- 
 ciety for promoting Agriculture, who may be Visiters as afore- 
 said, or the greater part of them, should, after accepting the 
 trust aforesaid, decline the further execution thereof, either 
 expressly, or by unreasonably neglecting the same, such neglect 
 being declared by the greater part of the Justices of the Su- 
 preme Judicial Court, upon complaint made by the President 
 and Fellows of Harvard College ; then the said President and 
 Fellows, together with the President of the American Acad- 
 emy of Arts and Sciences, and the President of the Massa- 
 chusetts Medical Society, or the greater part of them, shall be 
 the Visiters of the said Professorship, with all the powers 
 above defined and to the Visiters granted. 
 
 8. Whereas some alterations and amendments may from ex- 
 perience be found necessary for more effectually promoting the 
 true design of this Institution, it is therefore agreed, that all 
 such alterations and amendments to this foundation which shall 
 hereafter be agreed upon by the President and Fellows of Har- 
 vard College and the Visiters aforesaid, for the more success- 
 ful cultivation of the science of Natural History, and which 
 shall be approved by the Overseers of Harvard College, and 
 the President and Council of the American Academy of Arts 
 and Sciences, shall have the same force and effect as if part of 
 the original foundation. 
 
19 
 
 BOYLSTON PROFESSORSHIP OF RHETORIC AND 
 ORATORY. 
 
 An Extract from the Will of Nicholas Boylston, Esq. 
 
 I give and bequeath unto the President and Fellows of 
 Harvard College, in Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex, 
 the sum of one thousand five hundred pounds, lawful money, 
 and order that the same be put out at interest on good security, 
 and that the whole income and interest thereof be forever ap- 
 plied to the support and maintenance of some well qualified 
 person, who shall be elected by the President and Fellows of 
 said College for the time being, and approved of by the Over- 
 seers of said College, to be the Professor of Rhetoric and Ora- 
 tory, who shall receive the whole benefit or income of this 
 donation if he discharges the duties of his profession and office, 
 according to such rules and directions as shall be appointed and 
 established by said President and Fellows, with the consent of 
 the said Overseers of said College. And I direct that such 
 Professor shall be removed by the President and Fellows, with 
 the consent of the Overseers, in case he shall be guilty of any 
 immoralities, or in their judgment not qualified for such a place. 
 And it is my will, that, as soon as may be after my decease, 
 (or upon the removal of any such Professor upon this founda- 
 tion,) the said President and Fellows proceed to the choice of 
 some proper person for the office and trust, he to be approved 
 of and confirmed by the said Overseers ; and if said Overseers 
 shall apprehend any unreasonable delay by the President and 
 Fellows in this matter, in such case I hereby empower them 
 to proceed by themselves in the choice and appointment of a 
 suitable, well qualified person aforesaid. It is also my will, 
 that all the income of this donation during the time the Profes- 
 sorship may be necessarily vacant, shall be added to the capi- 
 tal sum, for the better support and encouragement of succeed- 
 ing Professors ; and I order my executors to pay the aforesaid 
 
•2,;, 
 
 sum of one thousand five hundred pounds to the Treasurer oi 
 said College within six months after my decease. 
 Paid February 11, 1772.] 
 
 Rules. Directions, and Statutes of the Boylston Professorship 
 of Rhetoric and Oratory in Harvard College. April 30th. 
 1504. 
 
 1. The Professor, placed on the foundation laid by Nicho- 
 las Boylston. late of Boston. Esquire, for the support of a 
 Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, shall be called the Boylston 
 Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory. 
 
 2. The said Professor shall be a Master of Arts ; a believer 
 in the Christian religion ; support the character of a learned, 
 honest, and pious man : and be well qualified for the duties of 
 his office. 
 
 3. The said Professor, on the day of his inausuration, 
 shall, in the presence of the President. Fellows, and Overseers 
 of the said College, publicly make and subscribe a declaration, 
 that he believes the Scriptures of the Old and Xew Testa- 
 ment are of divine original, that they contain the only perfect 
 rule of faith and manners, and that Jesus of Nazareth was the 
 true Messiah and Son of God ; that he is of the Protestant 
 Reformed religion, as professed by the churches in New Eng- 
 land : that with diligence and fidelity he will discharge the 
 duties of his office, agreeably to the will of his founder ;. 
 that he will also labor to advance the interests of general 
 science and literature ; that by his example, as well as other- 
 wise, he will endeavour to encourage and promote true piety, 
 and all the Christian virtues ; that he will at all times consult 
 the sood of his pupils and of the College in everv respect ; 
 and that he will religiously observe, not only the will of his 
 founder and these statutes, but such other statutes and laws as 
 are. or may be. made by the College legislature; not repugnant 
 thereunto. 
 
21 
 
 4. It shall be the duty of the said Professor to instruct the 
 students of the several classes in the nature, excellence, and 
 acquisition of the important art of Rhetoric in its most extend- 
 ed and comprehensive sense ; or in the theory and practice 
 of writing and speaking well ; that is, with method, elegance, 
 harmony, dignity, and energy. This instruction shall be given 
 both in public and private lectures. 
 
 5. In his private lectures he shall not only develope to his 
 pupils, in a familiar manner, the principles and rules of his art ; 
 but it shall be his particular care to aid their application of 
 them in practice, in suitable exercises, assigned by him for this 
 purpose. To this end he shall, in term time, give two lec- 
 tures a week to the class of Freshmen ; in one of which he 
 shall instruct them from some rhetorical treatise in Latin or 
 Greek, as Cicero de Oratore, Aristotle's Rhetoric, Longinus 
 on the Sublime, or some other celebrated ancient treatise on 
 oratory, assigned portions of which they shall recite or render 
 to him in English ; and in the other he shall, by precept and 
 example, instruct and exercise them in the arts of reading and 
 speaking with propriety. To the Sophomores, also, he shall 
 give two lectures a week ; in the first of which he shall instruct 
 them from some well approved rhetorical text-book in Eng- 
 lish, marked portions of which they shall recite to him memo- 
 riter ; and in the second he shall intruct them in speaking and 
 composition alternately ; that is, once in a fortnight, he shall 
 improve their speaking by remarks on dialogues, speeches, 
 declamations, &c, delivered by them in his presence; and, 
 once in a fortnight, during the first part of the year, he shall 
 inspect and correct their written translations of elegant pas- 
 sages of Latin or Greek, assigned by him for this purpose ; and 
 in the latter part of the year, specimens of their own composi- 
 tions as their progress in letters may permit. To the Juniors 
 he shall give a lecture, once in a fortnight, for the purpose of 
 forming their style, alternately correcting their compositions, 
 and instructing them from the text-book, as before, till that be 
 finished ; after which, they shall exhibit compositions of their 
 
22 
 
 own every fortnight. To the Seniors he shall also give one 
 lecture in a fortnight, for the purpose of cultivating a correct 
 and refined taste in style, pointing out the good and bad quali- 
 ties and peculiar features of the compositions, which are to be 
 required thus frequently for this important end. 
 
 6. The said Professor shall also in term time read a course 
 of public lectures, one at least every week, to the resident 
 graduates, and to the two senior classes of undergraduates ; 
 in which, after giving a brief account of the rise and progress 
 of Oratory among the ancients, and a biographical sketch of 
 some of their most celebrated orators, he shall explain its na- 
 ture, objects, and several kinds ; show its connection with all 
 the powers of the mind, natural and acquired ; and then divide 
 it into its constituent parts, — Invention, Disposition, Elocu- 
 tion, and Pronunciation ; in lecturing on which he shall make 
 the most useful subdivisions, and discuss the most important 
 articles commonly observed and discussed by eminent writers 
 on Rhetoric and Oratory. 
 
 More particularly under the head of Invention he shall treat 
 of internal and external topics, the state of a controversy, the 
 different arguments proper to demonstrative, deliberative, and 
 judicial discourses ; of the character and address of a finished 
 orator, and of the use and excitation of the passions. 
 
 Under the head of Disposition he shall treat of the properties 
 and uses of each of the parts of a regular discourse, — such as 
 Introduction, Narration, Proposition, Confirmation, Confuta- 
 tion, and Conclusion ; adding suitable remarks on Digression, 
 Transition, and Amplification. 
 
 Under the head of Elocution he shall first treat generally and 
 largely of Elegance, Composition, and Dignity, and of their 
 respective requisites ; and then particularly of the several spe- 
 cies of style, as the Low, Middle, Sublime, &c, and of their 
 distinguishing qualities, with respect both to the thoughts and 
 the words, illustrating the same by proper examples ; and like- 
 wise of the various style of epistles, dialogues, history, poetry, 
 and orations. 
 
23 
 
 Under the head of Pronunciation he shall urge the immense 
 importance of a good delivery, and treat particularly of the 
 management of the voice and of gesture ; interspersing due 
 cautions against what is awkward or affected, with directions 
 for the attainment of proper action, and incessantly pressing the 
 superior excellence of a natural manner. 
 
 Thus far the best precepts may be drawn from the writings 
 of the ancients ; but as Christianity has opened a new field to 
 eloquence wholly unknown to them, and differing in so many 
 important respects from what they had explored, additional 
 precepts, as well as a new application of old ones, are become 
 necessary. Therefore, not only on account of the different 
 but infinitely superior nature and object of sacred eloquence, 
 the Professor will not only accommodate the principles and 
 precepts on ancient rhetoric to this new species of oration, but 
 also prescribe the special additional precepts to be observed in 
 composing sermons, pointing out the qualities in the speaker, 
 in his style, and in his delivery, indispensably requisite to form 
 an accomplished pulpit orator. 
 
 He shall also discourse on the various methods of improv- 
 ing in eloquence, as reading, writing, speaking, imitation, 
 &c, together with the means of strengthening the memory; 
 not forgetting to enforce the favorite maxim of the ancient 
 rhetoricians, — u Non posse orator em esse, nisi virum bo- 
 nwm." 
 
 In addition to the preceding subjects, either in distinct lec- 
 tures, or as opportunity may present during his course, he shall 
 examine and compare the properties of ancient and modern 
 languages, particularly of the English, with reference to com- 
 position ; he shall also delineate the characteristic features of 
 the most celebrated Greek, Roman, and English historians, 
 orators, poets, and divines, pointing out some of their numer- 
 ous beauties and excellences in thought and expression ; but, 
 above all, let him inspire his pupils with a lively perception and 
 relish of the inimitable simplicity, beauty, and sublimity of the 
 Sacred Writings. 
 
24 
 
 7. The said Professor shall preside at the public decla- 
 mations of the two senior classes ; and no declamation, pri- 
 vate or public, shall be delivered before him without his pre- 
 vious advice and approbation ; and upon each declamation he 
 shall make such remarks, either in public or private, as to him 
 may seem necessary to improve each individual in all the requi- 
 sites of a good speaker. 
 
 8. Previously to each public Exhibition, and especially be- 
 fore the annual Commencement, the said Professor shall, in 
 some large room, privately, hear each student pronounce what 
 he has written, once, at least, for the purpose of correcting 
 errors in delivery, and of encouraging and animating his per- 
 formance. 
 
 9. The aforesaid Rules, Directions, and Statutes shall be 
 ever subject to such alterations, additions, and amendments as 
 experience shall prove to be expedient, and as the President 
 and Fellows of the College, with the Overseers thereof, shall, 
 upon mature consideration, deem necessary to render this in- 
 stitution most extensively and permanently useful, and thus to 
 accomplish the benevolent and patriotic designs of the generous 
 founder. 
 
 •tit a Meeting of the Corporation, May 21, 1806, 
 
 Voted, That the third section of the Rules, Directions, and 
 Statutes of the Boylston Professorship of Rhetoric and Ora- 
 tory be repealed, and that the following be inserted in its stead, 
 namely : — 
 
 3. The said Professor, at the time of his inauguration, shall 
 publicly make and subscribe a declaration that he believes 
 the Christian religion, and has a firm persuasion of its truth ; 
 that with diligence and fidelity he will discharge the duties of 
 his office agreeably to the will of the founder ; that he will also 
 labor to advance the interests of general science and literature ; 
 that by his example, as well as otherwise, he will endeavour 
 to encourage and promote true piety, and all the Christian vir- 
 tues ; that he will at all times consult the good of his pupils and 
 
25 
 
 of the College in every respect ; and that he will religiously 
 observe the will of the founder and these statutes, excepting so 
 far as the same may be duly repealed, altered, or suspended ; 
 and that he will also faithfully observe such other statutes and 
 laws as are or may be made by the Corporation and Overseers 
 relative to said Professorship, and not repugnant to the will of 
 the founder. 
 
 4. It shall be the principal duty of said Professor to instruct 
 the students of the several classes in the nature, excellence, 
 and acquisition of the important art of Rhetoric, in its most 
 extended and comprehensive sense ; or in the theory and prac- 
 tice of writing and speaking well ; that is, with method, ele- 
 gance, harmony, dignity, and energy. This instruction shall be 
 given both in public and private lectures, as the Corporation 
 shall direct. 
 
 ELIOT PROFESSORSHIP OF GREEK LITERATURE. 
 
 Rules and Statutes of the Eliot Professorship of Greek Litera- 
 ture in Harvard College. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Foundation of the Professorship. 
 
 The sum given for this purpose shall be managed and in- 
 vested by the President and Fellows, for the time being, and 
 the income be applied by them for the support of a Professor of 
 the Greek language and of Greek literature in the University 
 at Cambridge, who shall be called "the Professor of Greek 
 Literature " ; provided, that the Corporation may give another 
 name to the Professor, but not that of the founder, 'except 
 with his express consent. 
 4 
 
26 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Election of the Professor. 
 
 1. The first Professor and his successor shall be elected by 
 the President and Fellows, and the election be approved by 
 the Overseers of Harvard College. The Professor shall be a 
 Master of Arts, of the Christian Protestant religion, and shall 
 bear the character of a learned, pious, and honest man. 
 
 2. When, after the election of the first Professor, there shall 
 be a vacancy in the office, a successor shall be appointed and 
 introduced into the office within one year after such vacancy 
 shall happen. 
 
 3. The Professor, after his election, and before he enters on 
 the execution of the duties of his office, shall make and sub- 
 scribe a declaration before the President and Fellows, that he 
 believes in the Christian religion, and has a firm persuasion of 
 its truth, and that he is in principle a Protestant ; that he will 
 with diligence and fidelity discharge the duties of his office 
 according to these statutes, and such other statutes and laws as 
 are or may be made by the College legislature, not repugnant 
 thereto ; that he will labor to advance the interests of general 
 science and literature ; that, by his example, as well as other- 
 wise, he will endeavour to encourage and promote true piety, 
 and all the Christian virtues ; and that he will at all times con- 
 sult the good of his pupils, and of the College in every respect. 
 
 4. The Professor shall hold his office by the same tenure, 
 generally, as the other Professors upon foundations ; he shall 
 be subject to removal, for any just and sufficient cause, by the 
 President and Fellows, the Overseers consenting thereto ; 
 provided, that, in case of the removal of a Professor on this 
 foundation for incapacity arising after his election, and from no 
 fault of his own, the President and Fellows of said College 
 shall have a right to make such provision for his support, not 
 from the fund or income of the Professorship, but out of the 
 unappropriated funds of the College, as they shall see fit. 
 
27 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Duties of the Professor. 
 
 1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to cultivate and 
 promote the knowledge of the Greek Language and of Greek 
 Literature. He shall give public and private lectures, as the 
 Corporation may determine, on the genius, structure, charac- 
 teristics, and excellences of the Greek language in the purest 
 age of the language, and in the period succeeding, not neglect- 
 ing the state of it in modern times ; on the principal Greek 
 authors, taking notice of the Greek Fathers and ecclesiastical 
 writers ; and on the interpretation of the Septuagint Version, 
 and of the Greek New Testament, especially so far as such 
 interpretation may be aided by a knowledge of classical Greek. 
 
 2. The Professor shall point out the best course of reading 
 and study for those who would become versed in Grecian lit- 
 erature. 
 
 3. To ascertain and promote the improvement of his pupils, 
 the Professor shall statedly or frequently examine them on the 
 topics treated in his public lectures, proposing questions to be 
 answered orally, or in writing, as he shall see fit. 
 
 4. The Professor shall give private lectures or exercises to 
 such of the graduates and undergraduates as may come under 
 his care, in which he shall assign portions of Greek authors to 
 be studied by the pupils. In these exercises it will be his duty 
 to explain and illustrate the work under consideration ; to ob- 
 serve the sentiments, spirit, style, and general execution ; the 
 imagery and rhetorical beauties ; that the University may send 
 out alumni who possess a discriminating knowledge of the 
 renowned productions of Grecian authors, and the powers of 
 the Grecian language. 
 
 5. The number and order of the lectures and exercises to 
 be given by the Professor, and the description of students, 
 graduates, and undergraduates, who shall receive his instruc- 
 tion, shall be the subjects of particular regulation by the Col- 
 
28 
 
 lege law, from time to time, as occasion may invite or re- 
 quire. 
 
 6. It shall be in the power of the President and Fellows of 
 the University to annex to the Greek Professorship aforesaid, 
 any duties not included in the preceding outline ; provided, 
 that such duties shall only extend to instruction in the Greek 
 language or Greek literature, or in sacred criticism, so far as it 
 is connected with a knowledge of Greek. 
 
 DEXTER LECTURER ON BIBLICAL LITERATURE. 
 
 Copy of Samuel Dexter } s Will, dated Feb. 12, 1799. 
 (Value rec'd, 1811.) 
 
 Being myself firmly persuaded that if the Christian religion 
 is but well understood it cannot fail of convincing every sincere 
 inquirer of its divine authority ; and recent deistical publica- 
 tions, as well as many of a more distant date, rendering it evi- 
 dent that revelation is rejected because some of the historical, 
 doctrinal, or preceptive parts of the Holy Scriptures, or parts 
 of each, are misapprehended by unbelievers ; the reading of 
 whose writings tends to shake the faith of such as are unable to 
 detect their mistakes, the difficulties started seeming to many 
 insurmountable, however superficial they really may be, and 
 may appear to be, to persons well acquainted with the original 
 languages ; which difficulties would vanish were the passages 
 objected to critically and judiciously rendered and explained, 
 and it being also apparent that the nature and degree of the 
 inspiration attributed, by the most rational Christians, to the 
 sacred writers, are, with respect to some of them at least, 
 wrongly conceived of by the enemies of revealed religion : — 
 
 I do, therefore, give and bequeath to the President and 
 Fellows of the University in Cambridge, in this Commonwealth, 
 for the benefit of said University, and the increase of that most 
 
29 
 
 useful branch of learning, the critical knowledge of the Holy 
 Scriptures, the sum of three thousand three hundred thirty and 
 three dollars thirty and three cents and four mills ; to be paid 
 in one year and an half after my decease ; the same to be put 
 out and kept on interest, on good security, both personal and 
 real ; by which I mean that two responsible persons, at least, 
 shall give bonds, jointly and severally ; and that there shall be 
 executed a deed of mortgage of lands that may, without diffi- 
 culty, be rented, free from any incumbrance, as collateral se- 
 curity for payment ; which lands shall be of threefold the value 
 of the sum mentioned in the condition of the bond ; and my 
 will is that the interest be applied according to the following 
 directions : — 
 
 The first year's interest, and that of other years, as expressed 
 in the sequel, I appropriate to the purchasing, from time to time, 
 for the library of said University, translations of the Bible 
 already published, not yet possessed, or that may be published, 
 translations of the Old and New Testament separately, of any 
 portion or portions of one or the other, learned commentaries 
 and explications, profound remarks, and, in general, of any 
 books or manuscripts, of any country or language, and of what- 
 ever description, which may be judged useful in promoting a 
 critical knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, and for forming, by 
 degrees, a complete Biblical apparatus, whereby sacred criti- 
 cism may be further improved and progressively carried on 
 towards perfection. 
 
 It is my desire that the President and Fellows of the Uni- 
 versity elect three gentlemen of the clergy, and two others, not 
 of that order, to join with the Corporation in the management 
 of the interest that may grow out of this fund, according to the 
 directions already given, and those which are yet to be added. 
 And my will is, that three clerical and two lay gentlemen be at 
 all times associated with the Corporation for this purpose ; 
 which is to be understood as a matter not interfering with, but 
 entirely distinct from, the Professorship of Divinity in the Uni- 
 versity •, saving that the Professor will be eligible, as a clergy- 
 
30 
 
 man, into the association, or, occasionally, as a lecturer, for the 
 design which will be presently offered to view. 
 
 The interest of the second year, and of others, as will soon 
 be mentioned, I devote to the promotion of the knowledge of 
 the sacred writings, principally of the New Testament, in such 
 a way as cannot ordinarily be practised in mixed assemblies of 
 Christians on Lord's days ; which yet may tend greatly to the 
 improvement of men of contemplative minds, especially of 
 such students in divinity as may be desirous to become critics 
 in Biblical literature, that they may thereby be rendered more 
 extensively useful in the church of God. It is therefore my 
 desire, that the Corporation, and their elected associates, insti- 
 tute time and place for the delivery, in each of those years, 
 one learned dissertation, or more, as they see fit, for the pur- 
 pose of critically explaining either the history, doctrines, or 
 precepts of the Gospel ; and of each in such order as shall be 
 judged most likely to be profitable, and as suitable lectures for 
 each as can be provided ; not omitting elucidations of such 
 parts of the Old Testament as have, by the most judicious 
 expositors, been thought to be prophetic of the advent, or to 
 refer to the character or offices of the Messiah, or to the events 
 consequent upon his divine mission. Peradventure, while the 
 believer is illuminated, the skeptic may be convinced. My 
 meaning is, that only some selected part of sacred history, some 
 particular doctrine or precept of the Gospel, or, except one 
 cannot be disjoined from another, some single prophecy of the 
 coming of Christ, some individual prophetic description of his 
 person, or of his religion, or of its effects, should be the sub- 
 ject of any one lecture. 
 
 My will is, that two hundred sixty and six dollars and two 
 thirds of a dollar, the annual interest, be applied the first year 
 in which it may be received for the purchasing books, or writ- 
 ings, for the library, and the next year after for defraying the 
 expenses of critical lectures for promoting Scripture knowledge, 
 and so on, in a regular change and reciprocal succession. 
 
 Provided, nevertheless, that as the lecturers ought to receive 
 
31 
 
 a compensation, and a large number of their discourses should 
 be published, if the Corporation and the five gentlemen asso- 
 ciated with them (I mean both here and elsewhere, a majority 
 of the whole body), should judge it best that the first year's in- 
 terest, appropriated to the support of lecturing, should be put 
 out on interest, and that there should be no public discourse 
 delivered till two years' compound interest of the capital sum 
 shall have been received, their judgment shall determine this 
 question. But should they thus judge, it is not to be under- 
 stood to be my desire that the whole of the five hundred forty 
 and nine dollars and one-third of a dollar, then in hand, should, 
 at all events, be expended in that same year. A gradual 
 increase of the capital, when a part of the income can at times 
 be well spared without injuring the design of the testator, would 
 be desirable ; and to this end also it will be of importance that 
 no moneys should lie, unnecessarily, in an unproductive state ; 
 these things, however, are left entirely to the prudence and 
 wise conduct of the managers. 
 
 Provided, moreover, that, if at any time or times when in- 
 terest shall have been received, or may be receivable, a learned 
 person shall have written or shall be engaged in writing a criti- 
 cal treatise, disquisition, or commentary, of the same useful 
 tendency, in the judgment of the associated managers, too 
 lengthy to be read at any public meeting, — or if, when it shall 
 be thought that circumstances are become sufficiently propi- 
 tious, and that advantages fully adequate to the undertaking are 
 possessed, any learned man shall be employed about a new 
 translation of the New Testament, or of any part or parts of 
 the same, or such part or parts of the Old Testament as are 
 referred to above, the Corporation, and the gentlemen asso- 
 ciated with them, may interrupt the ordinary course of pro- 
 ceeding, and apply a part or the whole of any money received 
 for interest as an aid towards printing and publishing such 
 treatise, disquisition, commentary, or translation, if it should 
 appear to them fit and proper so to do ; when, however, a sale 
 
32 
 
 of the copy-right will affect the same design, this use of the 
 money will be needless. 
 
 After all that has been said above, the Corporation and their 
 associates will not fail to observe a disposition in the testator to 
 leave very much to their discretion. He was influenced thereto 
 from a persuasion of his own incompetency to determine their 
 proceedings with precision. His great object is to promote a 
 critical knowledge of the Holy Scriptures ; but he is not so 
 tenacious of the plan he has exhibited as to be against any de- 
 viations from it ; provided the important purpose of the bequest 
 be strictly adhered to. The scheme prescribed may be su- 
 perfluous in some respects, and defective in others. 
 
 To the superior wisdom of the worthy and respectable char- 
 acters who may practise and improve upon it, but, above all, 
 to the blessing of God, he commends a design so imperfectly 
 delineated. 
 
 Copy of JVote, March 27, 1800. 
 
 It has occurred to me since the execution of my last will 
 and testament, that it may be imagined by some that the design 
 of the legacy to the University implies in it an apprehension 
 that the reverend and learned gentlemen, the President and 
 Professor of Theology, the learned and worthy Professor of 
 the Hebrew and Oriental Languages, and the great body of the 
 clergy in this Commonwealth, are remiss in their attention to 
 the object of the legacy. I earnestly disavow the implication. 
 Indeed, while with an enthusiastic ardor I was penning that 
 part of my will, I had no room for the idea. My mind was 
 wholly occupied with a wish that the religion of the Gospel, 
 which the more I studied the more I was confirmed in the be- 
 lief of its truth, might be better understood ; that unbelievers 
 might be proselyted, and doubters confirmed. Upon the oc- 
 currence of the thought, however, I was led to revise the 
 article in my will ; the result of which revision is, that I am 
 very sensible it might receive amendments. The methods pro- 
 
33 
 
 posed respecting the subjects of the public discourses might 
 be altered for the better. I think I could meliorate it myself ; 
 but I shall not attempt it. I have submitted all matters, in a 
 great measure, to the discretion of the managers ; and, to 
 remove all cause of censure, I now beg the bequest may be 
 considered as if I had said but little more than that I left such 
 a sum for promoting a critical knowledge of the Holy Scrip- 
 tures. No one will deny that this is a very important object. 
 Every one will allow, that he that wishes for no more religious 
 knowledge than will barely suffice never improves, as he ought, 
 the small stock he is possessed of, or he would desire more. 
 No proficient in Biblical learning will say that sacred criticism 
 is arrived at perfection. It will be improving till believers 
 " shall know even as they are known." The study of the 
 Gospel, and its precedent and subsequent relations, is " draw- 
 ing water out of the wells of salvation " which are inexhausti- 
 ble. Upon the whole, I leave the matter nearly as much at 
 large as if the bequest had been made in two lines as above 5 
 not doubting if there are suggestions in my plan that may in 
 some measure be helpful, they will be recurred to. My object 
 will be well known from what I have written ; though I may 
 not have been happy enough to lay a wise scheme for carrying 
 it into effect ; and this object I earnestly wish may be pursued. 
 The thought that I had done nothing by proposing it, which, 
 eventually, might have some effect in promoting the interest of 
 the divine religion of the Gospel, the declarations of which lie 
 at the foundation of my own hope respecting a future existence, 
 would give me uneasiness in the latest moment of my life. 
 
 P. S. The directions respecting the placing and keeping at 
 interest the legacy, and the election of associates with the Cor- 
 poration, cannot be dispensed with ; but must remain absolute, 
 notwithstanding any thing said above. They cannot be dis- 
 cretionary. 
 
 It is impossible that the usefulness of explaining idioms, 
 phrases, and figures of speech, which abound in the Scriptures, 
 5 
 
34 
 
 and of the usages and customs therein referred to, and of 
 clearing up the difficulties in sacred chronology and geography, 
 should not be adverted to by the managers of the legacy. 
 
 I certify that the above written are correct copies of the 
 original bequest in my own handwriting, dated February 12th, 
 1799, and of the note directed to be communicated to the 
 Corporation, dated March 27th, 1800, with a postscript. 
 
 I also certify, that, on the 9th of October, 1802, I wrote 
 and executed a short codicil, adding one thousand one hundred 
 and eleven dollars eleven cents and one mill, and that, on the 
 day of 1809, I wrote and duly executed a second 
 
 codicil, in order to add five hundred and fifty-five dollars fifty- 
 five cents and five mills, thereby making an aggregate sum of 
 five thousand dollars, to be applied solely and entirely to the 
 promoting of a critical knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, as 
 expressed in the original bequest, and subject, mutatis mu- 
 tandis, so far as may be approved by the Corporation and their 
 associates, to the directions given in the same, yet renewing 
 and confirming the discretionary powers in their fullest latitude 
 of construction as therein also expressed. 
 
 ROYALL PROFESSORSHIP OF LAW. 
 
 The fund appropriated to this Professorship accrues from 
 the bequests of Isaac Royall, Esq., made in his will, dated 
 May 26, 1773, and in the codicil to his will, dated November 
 30, 1779. He devised and bequeathed to the Corporation of 
 Harvard College certain lands, " to sell the same, and put the 
 money out to interest, the income to be appropriated towards 
 endowing a Professor of Laws, or a Professor of Physic and 
 Anatomy, whichever they shall judge to be most for the bene- 
 fit of said College." 
 
 In the autumn of 1815, it was determined to establish a 
 
35 
 
 Professorship of Law agreeably to the foregoing will, and, in 
 the spring following, the statutes and rules were enacted, and 
 the Professor introduced. 
 
 Statutes of the Professorship of Law in Harvard University. 
 
 1. For the present, and so long as the principal support of 
 the Professor shall be derived from the fund bequeathed by the 
 late Hon. Isaac Royall, Esquire, the Professor shall be enti- 
 tled, " Royall Professor of Law"; but the Corporation re- 
 serve to themselves the right, with the assent of the Overseers, 
 to change the title of said Professor, whenever and as soon as 
 any such additions shall be made to the aforesaid fund, as to 
 render the sum bequeathed by the aforesaid Royall the smaller 
 part of the whole foundation, or for any other good and suffi- 
 cient reason not repugnant to the will of the said Royall. 
 
 2. The said Professor of Law shall be elected in the same 
 manner in which other officers of the College are chosen, and 
 shall hold his office during good behaviour ; but the Corporation, 
 with the assent of the Overseers, may at any time remove him 
 for any cause which they may deem just and sufficient. 
 
 3. The said Professor shall enjoy all the privileges and the 
 rank which appertain of right to the other Professors in the 
 College ; but he shall not be obliged to reside in the town of 
 Cambridge, nor shall he be called upon to take any part in the 
 immediate government of the College, unless required so to 
 do by the Corporation and Overseers ; he shall, however, 
 when requested by the Corporation, give his opinion on any 
 questions of law immediately affecting the College, provided 
 the delivery of such opinion shall not interfere with the said 
 Professor's other duties. 
 
 4. The said Professor shall enjoy all the authority while 
 delivering his lectures to the students, as to the preservation of 
 order and decorum, and the regulation of the deportment of the 
 students, which other Professors are entitled to exercise ; and 
 for any indecorum during his exercises, or insult offered to him, 
 
36 
 
 the students shall be subject to such penalties as are provided 
 in like cases as to the other officers of the College ; which pen- 
 alties it shall be the duty of the immediate government, after 
 due examination, to apply. 
 
 5. The said Professor shall, before he enters on the duties 
 of his office, subscribe these statutes, as well as the usual 
 declaration prescribed in such cases to other Professors. 
 
 6. The course of lectures shall be delivered in some of the 
 College public rooms, and shall consist of not less than fifteen ; 
 and, until further order, the same shall be attended only by the 
 Senior class among the undergraduates ; but the officers of the 
 College, including the Overseers and Corporation, together 
 with all resident graduates, shall have a right to attend the said 
 lectures gratis. It shall also be lawful for the said Professor 
 to admit any other persons, not resident at the College, on 
 such terms and conditions as shall to the said Professor seem 
 proper ; provided, that such arrangements be made, as to num- 
 bers and seats at the lectures, as may consist with the suitable 
 accommodation of the members of the College who attend. 
 
 7. It shall be the duty of the said Professor to exhibit, in a 
 course of lectures, the theory of Law, in its most comprehen- 
 sive sense ; the principles and practical operation of the Con- 
 stitution and government of the United States and of this 
 Commonwealth ; a history of the jurisprudence of this State 
 under the Colonial and Provincial, as well as under the present 
 government ; an explanation of the principles of the common 
 law of England, the mode of its introduction into this country, 
 and the sources and reasons of its obligation therein ; also its 
 various modifications by usage, judicial decision, and statute ; 
 and, generally, those topics connected with law as a science 
 which will best lead the minds of the students to such inquiries 
 and researches as will qualify them to become useful and dis- 
 tinguished supporters of our free systems of government, as 
 well as able and honorable advocates of the rights of the citi- 
 zens. And it shall be in the power of the Corporation, with 
 the assent of the Overseers, to vary, modify, enlarge, or wholly 
 
37 
 
 change the above course, and to prescribe any other duties not 
 inconsistent with the general principles on which such a Pro- 
 fessorship is founded. 
 
 At a Meeting of the Corporation, August 20, 1829. 
 
 The Corporation having reserved the power to alter and 
 modify, with the assent of the Overseers, the Statutes of the 
 Royall Professor of Law in the University, do hereby order 
 and enact as follows : — 
 
 1. The third article of the said former statutes, so far as it 
 respects the residence of the Professor, is repealed, and he is 
 required to reside in the town of Cambridge. 
 
 2. The sixth and seventh articles of the said statutes shall 
 be and hereby are repealed. 
 
 3. The Dane Professor of Law is considered for the pres- 
 ent, and until the further order of the government, as the head 
 of this department in the University. It shall be the duty of 
 the Royall Professor, in conjunction with the Dane Professor, 
 to devise and propose, from time to time, to the Corporation, 
 such a course of instruction in the Law School as may best 
 promote the design of that institution, and the interest and 
 honor of the University ; and to do all in his power to promote 
 those objects. He shall have the immediate charge and over- 
 sight of the students, meeting them frequently, at stated periods, 
 to ascertain their progress, to assist in and stimulate their 
 studies, and to explain and remove such doubts and embarrass- 
 ments as may occur in the course of their reading. 
 
 In addition to the familiar lectures and conversations at his 
 abovementioned meetings with the students, the Royall Pro- 
 fessor will, if it should be deemed expedient by the Corpora- 
 tion, prepare and deliver written lectures on such branches of 
 the law as are not included in the department of the Dane 
 Professor ; and in all his instructions, whether oral or written, 
 he will not only endeavour to explain the principles of the Eng- 
 lish common law, but will show its various modifications in this 
 country, by the principles of our constitutions of government, 
 
38 
 
 and by statutes, judicial decisions, and usages ; and, generally, 
 he will strive to lead the minds of the students to such inquiries 
 and researches as will qualify them to become useful and dis- 
 tinguished supporters of our free systems of government, as 
 w^ell as able and honest advocates of the rights of the citizens. 
 And it shall be in the power of the Corporation, with the as- 
 sent of the Overseers, to vary, modify, enlarge, or wholly 
 change the above course, and to prescribe any other duties not 
 inconsistent with the general principles on which the Professor- 
 ship is founded. 
 
 SMITH PROFESSORSHIP OF THE FRENCH AND SPANISH 
 LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE, AND PROFESSORSHIP 
 OF BELLES LETTRES. 
 
 Extract from the Will of Abiel Smith, Esq. 
 
 " I give to the Harvard University, at Cambridge, the 
 nominal sum of twenty thousand dollars, in the three per cent, 
 funded stock of the Lnited States, as a fund, the interest or 
 income to be appropriated to the maintenance and support of a 
 Teacher or Professor of the French, or French and Spanish 
 languages, at said University, either singly or in company with 
 any other fund which may be given or appropriated to the 
 same purpose." 
 
 " And if my estate should be sufficient at the time of my 
 decease, I give to the Harvard University, at Cambridge, the 
 further sum of ten thousand dollars, to be used as a fund for the 
 same purposes as prescribed in my bequest heretofore made in 
 this instrument to said University." 
 
 In 1816, the two bequests above mentioned having been 
 received, it was determined that the endowment should be ap- 
 plied in part to pay the expense of private instruction and reci- 
 tation in the French and Spanish Languages, and in part to the 
 
39 
 
 support of a Professor who should give lectures on the Litera- 
 ture, as well as Languages, of those nations. 
 
 The foundation and rules were made, and the Professor 
 chosen, in 1817. 
 
 At a Meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard Col- 
 lege, 30th June , 1817, the following votes were passed : — 
 
 1 . There shall be established at the University a Professor 
 on the foundation made by the late Abiel Smith, Esq. 
 
 2. The Professor shall be styled Smith Professor of the 
 French and Spanish Languages and Literature. 
 
 3. The Professor, after his election, and before he enters on 
 the duties of his office, shall make and subscribe a declaration 
 and promise of the tenor required of other Professors on foun- 
 dations. 
 
 4. The Smith Professor shall hold his office by the same 
 tenure generally as the other Professors on foundations, and 
 shall be subject to removal by the President and Fellows for 
 any cause by them deemed just and sufficient, the Overseers 
 consenting thereto. 
 
 5. The Professor shall give lectures and exercises in one or 
 both the departments committed to him, in such mode, at such 
 times, and to such persons as shall be determined by the Col- 
 lege laws from time to time, and shall receive for his services 
 one thousand dollars annually from the income of the late Mr. 
 Smith's bequest. 
 
 6. The first Smith Professor shall be Professor of Belles 
 Lettres, with authority to give instruction in public and private 
 lectures, in this department, to such members of the College as 
 may attend upon him, on such conditions, and for such fees, as 
 may be determined ; but with no regular salary stipulated by 
 the College, except that the College will insert and collect in 
 the quarter-bills the dues to the Professor from his pupils and 
 the attendants on his lectures. 
 
 7. The Professor holding these two offices shall not be 
 required to be resident, unless a stated salary shall be annexed 
 
40 
 
 to said offices, which, in the opinion of the Corporation, shall 
 make the requisition of such residence reasonable ; and, in such 
 . ill-' Professor shall bare no more prerogative in respect 
 to fees for his instruction than the Corporation shall deem ex- 
 pedient. 
 
 RUMFORD PROFESSORSHIP AM) LECTURER ON THE AP- 
 PLICATION (»F Tin: SCIENCES TO THE I SEFUL AIM- 
 
 Benjamin Count KVmford, by his will, registered at 
 Paris, in 1S14, bequeathed to the University as follows: — 
 I give and bequeath to the University of Cambridge, in the 
 State of Massachusetts, in North America, my native country, 
 one thousand dollars per annum forever, for the purpose of 
 founding, under the direction and government of the Corpora- 
 tion, Overseers, and Governors of that University, a new 
 institution and professorship, in order to teach by regular 
 courses of academical and public lectures, accompanied with 
 proper experiments, the utility of the physical and mathemat- 
 ical sciences, for the improvement of the useful arts, and for 
 the extension of the industry, prosperity, happiness, and well- 
 being of society." In the same instrument he gave also, for 
 the same object, the reversion of certain other sums. 
 
 The money accruing to the University from this bequest, by 
 the care of the gentlemen who acted in behalf of the Corpora- 
 tion, cooperating with the attention and fidelity of the execu- 
 tors, being placed to the credit of the University in the French 
 funds, the Corporation proceeded to establish the Professorship 
 by enacting, with the assent of the Overseers, the following 
 rules and statutes. 
 
41 
 
 Rules and Statutes of the Rumford Professorship. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Election of the Professor and his Tenure of Office. 
 
 1. The Professor shall be called the Rumford Professor in 
 the University of Cambridge. 
 
 2. The first Professor and his successors shall be elected 
 by the President and Fellows, and the election be approved by 
 the Overseers of Harvard College. The Professor shall be a 
 Master of Arts, and shall bear the character of a man of 
 science, piety, and good morals. 
 
 3. The Professor, after his election, and before he enters on 
 the duties of his office, shall make and subscribe a declaration 
 similar to the declarations required of the Medical Professors. 
 
 4. The Professor, shall hold his office by the same tenure, 
 generally, as the other Professors on foundations, and shall be 
 subject to removal by the President and Fellows, for any cause 
 by them deemed just and sufficient, the Overseers consenting 
 thereto. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Duties of the Professor. 
 
 1 . It shall be the duty of the Professor to execute the will 
 of the founder, his bequest being made for the " purpose of 
 founding, under the direction and management of the Corpora- 
 tion, Overseers, and Government of the University, a new 
 institution and professorship, in order to teach, by regular 
 courses of academical and public lectures, accompanied with 
 proper experiments, the utility of the physical and mathe- 
 matical sciences, for the improvement of the useful arts, and 
 for the extension of the industry, prosperity, happiness, and 
 well-being of society." 
 6 
 
42 
 
 2. In pursuance of this general design of the founder, it shall 
 "be the duty of the Professor to explain, and, as far as may be, 
 to elucidate by demonstrations and experiments, the manner in 
 which the mathematical and physical sciences are or have 
 been actually applied to the Arts, and to the purposes of life ; 
 to describe, with illustrations by the exhibition of experiments 
 and models, valuable improvements, inventions, and discover- 
 ies, not generally known or introduced into use ; to engage, as 
 opportunity or occasion may suggest, or the Corporation may 
 point out, in particular investigations for making discoveries 
 relating to the theory and practice of the useful arts, and for 
 ascertaining the value of proposed improvements, communi- 
 cating the results of his inquiries, examinations, and experi- 
 ments in his lectures, or from the press. 
 
 3. It shall be the duty of the Professor to point out the 
 sources of information on the various subjects comprised in the 
 general design of the Rumford Professorship, and which sub- 
 jects may not be particularly displayed and treated in the lec- 
 tures of the Professor. 
 
 4. He shall annually, at assigned periods, direct the atten- 
 tion of his hearers and the public to the valuable discoveries 
 and inventions which have been offered to the world in the 
 year preceding, and shall point out the most prominent objects 
 of attention and inquiry in philosophical, agricultural, and eco- 
 nomical subjects which may be prevalent. 
 
 5. In the course of his lectures, he shall take due notice of 
 the labors and services of the Founder in this department of 
 knowledge, and the important results of his researches and ex- 
 periments. And the Professor shall generally perform such 
 duties relative to the objects of the Professorship as the Cor- 
 poration, with the consent of the Overseers, shall from time to 
 time prescribe. 
 
 6. The time, the particular subjects, and the number of the 
 Professor's lectures, the manner of giving them, the persons 
 who shall have a right to attend, with the terms and conditions, 
 shall be under the direction of the Corporation. 
 
43 
 
 ALFORD PROFESSOR OF NATURAL RELIGION, MORAL 
 PHILOSOPHY, AND CIVIL POLITY. 
 
 Particular appropriation of the moneys paid out of the 
 estate of the late Hon. John Alford, of Charlestown, Esquire, 
 by the Hon. Edmund Trowbridge, Esquire, and Richard Cary, 
 Esquire, executors of his last will and testament. 
 
 Know all men, that whereas we, Edmund Trowbridge, of 
 Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex, Esquire, and Richard 
 Cary, of Charlestown, in said county, Esquire, executors of 
 the last will and testament of the Hon. John Alford, late of 
 Charlestown aforesaid, Esquire, deceased, did, at several times, 
 between the fifteenth day of March, A. D. 1765, and the first 
 day of June, A. D. 1782, put into the treasury of Harvard 
 College, in Cambridge, thirteen hundred and sixty-two pounds, 
 eight shillings, and five pence, lawful money, part of the said 
 Alford's estate, to be by their Treasurer let out and kept upon 
 interest, and the growing interest added to the principal yearly, 
 until such a capital should be raised as that the interest thereof 
 would be sufficient to support in said College a Professor of 
 some particular science of public utility, and then to be regu- 
 larly appropriated to that use ; and whereas, by reason of the 
 late war, and the evils that attended it, this is not yet done, 
 and there is no probability of such a capital being so raised 
 during our lives : — 
 
 We do, therefore, now appropriate the said thirteen hundred 
 and sixty-two pounds eight shillings and five pence, and the 
 interest thereof in the said treasury, to and for the support of 
 a Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil 
 Polity, in the said College forever, whose principal duty it 
 shall be by lectures and private instruction to demonstrate the 
 existence of a Deity or Eirst Cause, to prove and illustrate his 
 essential attributes, both natural and moral, to evince and ex- 
 plain his providence and government, together with the doc- 
 
44 
 
 trine of a future state of rewards and punishments ; also, to 
 deduce and enforce the obligationswh ich man is under to his 
 Maker, and the duties which he owes him, resulting from the 
 perfections of the Deity, and from his own rational nature ; 
 together with the most important duties of social life, resulting 
 from the several relations which men mutually bear to each 
 other ; and, likewise, the several duties which respect our- 
 selves, founded not only in our own interest, but also in the 
 will of God ; interspersing the whole with remarks, showing 
 the coincidence between the doctrines of revelation and the 
 dictates of reason, in these important points ; and, lastly, not- 
 withstanding this coincidence, to state the absolute necessity 
 and vast utility of a divine revelation. 
 
 He shall also read a distinct course of lectures upon that 
 branch of Moral Philosophy which respects the application of 
 the law of nature to nations and their relative rights and 
 duties ; and, also, on the absolute necessity of civil govern- 
 ment in some form, and the reciprocal rights and duties of mag- 
 istrates and of the people, resulting from the social compact ; 
 and also on the various forms of government which have ex- 
 isted or may exist in the world, pointing out their, respective 
 advantages and disadvantages, and what form of government is 
 best adapted to promote the greatest happiness of mankind. 
 
 And to the end that a regular and systematical division of 
 the foregoing subjects, and of all the other branches of science 
 which come under this institution, may be had and preserved, 
 as well as a due proportion of time devoted to each, it is de- 
 clared, that the said Professor shall be under the control of the 
 President, Fellows, and Overseers of the said College, who 
 may, from time to time, give such directions relative thereto 
 as they shall judge fit and proper, and as shall be consistent 
 with the rules and orders of this institution. 
 
 The said Professor shall read his lectures on Natural Re- 
 ligion to all the four classes of undergraduates ; those on Moral 
 Philosophy, to the two senior classes ; and those on Civil 
 Polity to the senior class only ; provided, nevertheless, that 
 
45 
 
 the officers of the College, and resident graduates, as likewise 
 such other gentlemen as the Corporation shall permit, shall 
 have a right to attend all or any of the lectures aforemen- 
 tioned. 
 
 Such Professor shall be chosen by the President and Fel- 
 lows, and approved by the Overseers, of the said College, when 
 there shall, in their judgment, be a sufficient fund for his support, 
 raised either in the manner aforesaid, or for the present with 
 the assistance of the College or otherwise, until he can prop- 
 erly be supported in the manner first proposed. But, notwith- 
 standing such temporary assistance, the said John Alford, 
 Esq., shall be deemed and considered as the founder of this 
 Professorship, and the Professor shall be called the Alford 
 Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil 
 Polity. 
 
 And we do hereby institute and appoint, that the said Pro- 
 fessor shall, from time to time, as occasion may require, be 
 elected by the President and Fellows, and approved by the 
 Overseers, of the said College ; that he shall be a Master of 
 Arts, and bear the character of a learned, pious, and honest 
 man ; that he shall be at all times under the care and inspec- 
 tion of the said President, Fellows, and Overseers, who shall 
 order and appoint the times and places for reading his public 
 and private lectures, and see that the Professor duly attend the 
 business of his office, and faithfully discharge the trust afore- 
 said reposed in him ; and, as a regular and faithful discharge 
 thereof will be sufficient to employ his whole time and thoughts, 
 he shall not, while he holds the said office, be a pastor or 
 teacher of any church or congregation, or an instructer in any 
 other science ; that the said Professor shall hold his office 
 during his good behaviour, and that he be removable from it 
 by the said President, Fellows, and Overseers, for want of 
 ability to execute the trust, or for misbehaviour in the office, 
 or for immoral and scandalous conduct and behaviour out 
 of it. 
 
 That the Professor, on the day of his inauguration, shall, in 
 
46 
 
 the presence of the President, Fellows, and Overseers of the 
 said College, profess and declare himself to be of the Protes- 
 tant Reformed religion, and a member of a Protestant church, 
 and shall promise to discharge, with diligence and fidelity, the 
 sacred trust aforesaid reposed in him ; that he will endeavour, 
 as well by his example as otherwise, to encourage and promote 
 virtue, true religion, and piety ; and that he will religiously 
 observe the aforesaid institutes of the founder of this Profes- 
 sorship. 
 
 That, upon the death or removal of a Professor, the vacancy 
 shall be filled up by the President, Fellows, and Overseers (in 
 the same manner as the former Professor was appointed) , with 
 a person in all respects qualified for the office, and prepared as 
 aforesaid to execute it. 
 
 Witness our hands and seals, this eighteenth day of Febru- 
 arv, A. D. 1789. 
 
 EDMUND TROWBRIDGE, [l. s.] 
 RICHARD CARY, [l. s.] 
 
 Signed, sealed, and delivered, in presence of 
 
 J0H>" FOXCROFT, ) 
 
 Tl „ rp i?„,-„„«,„„ } by the said Trowbridge. 
 James r illebrowjS, \ j 
 
 David Devons, 
 Samuel Cary 
 
 ' > by Richard Cary, Esq. 
 
 PARKMAN PROFESSORSHIP OF PULPIT ELOQUENCE AND 
 THE PASTORAL CARE. 
 
 Statutes of the Professorship of Pulpit Eloquence and the 
 Pastoral Care. 
 
 1. The Professor on this foundation shall be styled the 
 Professor of Pulpit Eloquence and the Pastoral Care ; but the 
 Corporation reserve to themselves the right, with the assent of 
 

 47 
 
 the Overseers, to prefix to this title the name of any benefactor 
 who in their judgment shall deserve such honor. 
 
 [Jit a stated Meeting of the Corporation, July 25, 1840, 
 Voted, That the Professor on this foundation shall be styled 
 
 the Parkman Professor of Pulpit Eloquence and the Pastoral 
 
 Care.] 
 
 2. This Professor shall be elected in the same manner in 
 which other officers of the College are chosen, and shall hold 
 his office by the same tenure, generally, as the Professors on 
 other foundations, and shall be subject to removal by the Pres- 
 ident and Fellows for any cause by them deemed just and suf- 
 ficient, the Overseers consenting thereto. 
 
 3. The said Professor shall, before he enters on the duties 
 of his office, subscribe these statutes, as well as the usual decla- 
 ration prescribed in such cases to other Professors in the Uni- 
 versity ; and he shall also enjoy all the privileges, and the rank 
 which appertain of right to the other Professors. 
 
 4. The said Professor shall be a member of the Faculty of 
 Theology. 
 
 5. It shall be the duty of this officer to instruct the Theo- 
 logical students in elocution, the composition and delivery of 
 sermons, Christian institutions, ecclesiastical polity, and the 
 pastoral care. As to the time and manner of giving such in- 
 structions, he is left to the guidance of his own discretion and 
 experience, subject, however, to such express rules and direc- 
 tions as may be prescribed, from time to time, by the govern- 
 ment of the University. It is also expected and required of 
 this officer, that he shall have a general oversight of the char- 
 acter and progress of the members of the school, and endeav- 
 our, by private and familiar intercourse, to cultivate amongst 
 them a devotional spirit, and a deep sense of the responsive- 
 ness of the sacred office, and fit them for the practical parts of 
 their profession ; that, when they leave the institution, they 
 may be prepared to become faithful, useful, self-denying minis- 
 ters of Jesus Christ. And it shall also be his duty to perform 
 
48 
 
 such other services not inconsistent with those mentioned in 
 these statutes as may be required of him by the government of 
 the University. 
 
 6. The Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, shall 
 have power to make any alteration in these statutes not incon- 
 sistent with the leading objects of the Professorship. 
 
 DANE PROFESSORSHIP OF LAW. 
 
 Beverly, June 2, 1529. 
 
 To the President and Fellows of the Corporation of Harvard 
 University. 
 
 Gentlemen : — As I have a long time wished to aid and 
 promote the law branch in the said University, and now by the 
 profits of my law work can conveniently do it, I proceed to lay 
 the foundation of a professorship of law therein, and to provide 
 for the appointment of a Professor, and to aid in his support, 
 in the manner following, and submit the same to your consid- 
 eration. 
 
 In the first place, it shall be his duty to prepare and deliver, 
 and to revise for publication, a course of lectures on the five 
 following branches of law and equity, equally in force in all 
 parts of our federal republic, namely, the law of nature, the 
 law of nations, commercial and maritime law. federal law, and 
 federal equity, in such wide extent as the same branches now 
 are, and, from time to time, shall be administered in the courts 
 of the United States ; but in such compressed form as the 
 Professor shall deem proper ; and so to prepare, deliver, and 
 revise lectures thereon as often as the said Corporation shall 
 think proper. But as the Corporation may, after one course of 
 lectures shall have been prepared, delivered, and revised, on 
 these branches, think it best to include in his lectures other 
 
49 
 
 branches of law and equity that shall, from time to time, be in 
 force in Massachusetts, I authorize the said Corporation so to 
 do ; ever confiding in the discretion thereof to select the 
 State branches the most important and the most national ; that 
 is, as much as may be, branches the same in other States in 
 the Union as in this ; — making lectures on this State law use- 
 ful in more States than one, — law clearly distinguished from 
 that State law which is in force and of use in a single State 
 only. 
 
 2. I now appropriate ten thousand dollars to be placed by 
 me in the possession of the said Corporation, on or before the 
 first day of September next, as a fund forever, towards the 
 support of the said Professor ; all the income whereof, and of 
 such other moneys and funds as I may hereafter add, shall be 
 paid over annually, or semi-annually, as the Corporation may 
 direct, to the Professor for the time being, each year beginning 
 on the first day of September. 
 
 3. In conformity to the Constitution of the United States, 
 of Massachusetts, and of most of the other States, I declare 
 that no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification of 
 this Professorship ; but each person who shall be appointed 
 Professor shall, before entering on the duties of this office, 
 make and subscribe a declaration in the words following : — 
 
 " I do solemnly declare that I will, to the best of my ability, 
 perform the duties required of me by the statutes under which 
 I am now appointed Professor of Law in Harvard University " ; 
 and that no oath or other declaration shall ever be required. 
 
 4. It is my object that a Professor shall always be appointed 
 who shall be a counsellor at law of at least seven years' standing 
 at the bar ; and, to insure a suitable appointment, from time to 
 time, of a Professor learned in the branches of law and equity 
 aforesaid, and especially in the five aforesaid branches, I do 
 declare that his residence at Cambridge shall never be required 
 as a condition of holding his office, believing that the best Pro- 
 fessors will generally be found among judges and lawyers emi- 
 nent in practice in other places conveniently situated, and 
 
5fl 
 
 who, while Professors, may continue their offices or pr : 
 generally ; also thinking law lectures ought to increase ac fastei 
 than there is a demand for them. Clearly their greatest enefit 
 will be in publishing them. 
 
 5. As ;he honorable Joseph Story is, by study and prac::: b, 
 eminently qualified to teach the said branches both in law and 
 r :::y, it is my request thai be may be appointed the first Pro- 
 fessor on this : laudation, if he will accept the same ; and. in 
 case he shall accept the same, it is to be understood that the 
 course of his lectures will be made to conform to his duti-s as 
 one of the Justices of the Supreme Court 01 the I nited >:ates ; 
 and. further, that time shall be allowed him to complete, in 
 manner aforesaid, a course of lectures on the said five branches, 
 probably making four or more octavo volumes ; and that all 
 the lectures and teaching of him and of every Professor so to 
 be appointed shall be calculated to assist and serve in a 
 s ecial manner law students and lawyers in practice : — sc ; ;_;.. 
 and useful law being the object 
 
 6. The number of lectures, and the manner of delivering 
 them, I leave to the discretion of the Corporation, as I do all 
 other matters and things not contravening the rules or staraae; 
 herein contained, placing fill] zaaodence in its '■ :sdom and 
 jw Igmenfc 
 
 Bu: as the present state of the law branch in the said Uni- 
 versity, and the times of meeting of the Overseers thereof, allow 
 ass time to prepare s:a:u:es and system than is lesirable, I re- 
 serve, so far as may be consistently done, liberty to put. before 
 the first of September next, the proper rules and statutes in 
 the case :.::: a more technical and intelligible form, strictly 
 preserving (he substance and principles herein contained. 
 The name :: the Professorship I leave to the Corporation. 
 With sincere respect, your obedient servant. 
 
 Signed, NATHAN DANE. 
 
 A: c. cUttn ij c-j :hi C:rp: :.::';::. Ju le 3. 1529, it icas 
 
 Vo:i:L That the Professor on this foundation shall be styled 
 the Dane Professor of La~ in Harvard University. 
 
51 
 
 Voted) That this Professor shall be elected in the same 
 manner in which other officers of the College are chosen, and 
 shall hold his office by the same tenure as the Professors on 
 other foundations, and shall be subject to removal by the 
 President and Fellows for any cause by them deemed just and 
 sufficient, the Overseers consenting thereto. 
 
 MEDICAL STATUTES. 
 September 22, 1831. 
 
 Statutes of the University of Cambridge relative to the Degree 
 of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 I. The Faculty of Medicine of this University shall consist 
 of the President, and of the Professors and Lecturers author- 
 ized to give instruction to the medical students. This Faculty 
 shall always have a Dean elected by themselves, for such pe- 
 riods as they may think proper, and may also adopt rules for 
 their own government, provided that the same do not, in any 
 respect, contravene the laws of the University. 
 
 II. Students of medicine designing to attend the Medical 
 Lectures, or any of them, shall be matriculated in this Univer- 
 sity by entering their names with the Dean of the Faculty of 
 Medicine, to be enrolled by him, and by signing an obligation 
 to submit to the laws of the University, and to the direction of 
 the Faculty of Medicine. 
 
 III. There shall be holden by the Faculty four meetings 
 annually for the purpose of examining candidates for the degree 
 of Doctor of Medicine. Two of these meetings shall be for 
 private, and two for public examinations. They shall be hold- 
 en in the Massachusetts Medical College, unless otherwise 
 specially ordered. They may be continued by adjournment by 
 vote of the members present ; and if only one member attend at 
 
52 
 
 the time and place designated, he may adjourn the meeting 
 from day to day till three members of the Faculty may attend 
 the meeting. Three members of the Faculty must be present 
 at every examination. 
 
 IV. The first meeting for private examinations, in every 
 year, shall be holden on the day next succeeding that on which 
 the winter courses of Medical Lectures shall terminate, at ten 
 o'clock, A. M. The second meeting for private examina- 
 tions shall be holden on the Monday next but one preceding 
 the day of the annual Commencement in the University, at ten 
 o'clock, A. M. In extraordinary cases, the Faculty may hold 
 meetings for private examinations at other periods. 
 
 V. The meetings for public examinations shall be holden 
 within one week after the termination of the stated annual meet- 
 ings for private examinations respectively, on such days as the 
 Faculty may appoint, if not otherwise ordered by the Presi- 
 dent. These meetings shall be open to the governors and 
 instructers of the University, to the Fellows of the Massachu- 
 setts Medical Society, and to such other respectable persons as 
 may wish to attend them. 
 
 VI. Every candidate for the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
 must comply with the following conditions before being admit- 
 ted to a private examination, viz. : — 
 
 1st. He shall satisfy the Faculty that he has arrived at the 
 age of twenty-one. 
 
 2d. He shall have attended two courses of the Lectures de- 
 livered at the Massachusetts Medical College by each of the 
 Professors. 
 
 3d. He shall have employed three years in his professional 
 studies, under the direction of a regular practitioner of medicine. 
 
 4th. If he has not received a University education, he shall 
 satisfy the Faculty of Medicine in respect to his knowledge of 
 the Latin language and experimental philosophy. 
 
 5th. He shall, four weeks previous to the day on which he 
 presents himself for examination, have given notice of his inten- 
 tion to the Dean of the Faculty, and at the same time shall 
 
53 
 
 have delivered or transmitted to the Dean a dissertation writ- 
 ten by himself on some subject connected with medicine. 
 
 VII. Every dissertation shall be submitted by the Dean to 
 the examination of the Faculty in the mode which they shall 
 point out. 
 
 VIII. At the meetings for private examinations, the Faculty 
 shall examine all those candidates who shall present themselves, 
 after having complied with the conditions enumerated in the 
 sixth of these statutes, upon the following branches of medical 
 science, namely, Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Mate- 
 ria Medica, Pharmacy, Midwifery, Surgery, and the Theory 
 and Practice of Medicine. At these meetings every candidate 
 shall be examined separately, and the decision of the Faculty, 
 in respect to each, shall be made and declared to him imme- 
 diately after the examination has closed. The decision in 
 respect to each candidate shall be determined by the vote of 
 the major part of the members of the Faculty present at the 
 examination of the same ; and this decision, if favorable to the 
 candidate, shall be recorded by the Dean. In the decisions to 
 be made at these meetings, regard shall be had to the disserta- 
 tion as well as to the examination. 
 
 IX. Those candidates, who have been approved according 
 to the eighth of these statutes, may present themselves at the 
 public examination next ensuing after such approbation. Each 
 candidate so presenting himself shall then read and defend, or 
 be examined upon, the dissertation which he shall have pre- 
 viously submitted to the Faculty. At the close of each public 
 examination, the Faculty shall decide in respect to each candi- 
 date whether he shall be recommended as worthy of the degree 
 for which he has applied. The decision of the Faculty, in 
 respect to all those candidates whom they do so recommend, 
 shall be recorded by the Dean, and shall by him be certified to 
 the President, to be laid before the Senatus Academicus. 
 
 X. Those candidates who have received from the Senatus 
 Academicus the final approbation will be directed by the 
 President to appear at Cambridge, at such time as he may ap- 
 
54 
 
 point, and he will then admit each of them, with the accustom- 
 ed solemnities, to the degree of Doctor in Medicine. 
 
 At a Special Meeting of the Corporation, January 2b, 1S34, 
 
 Section 2d of the sixth statute was amended by adding the 
 following clause : — 
 
 " Except that if he have attended a course of similar lec- 
 tures in any other College or University, the same may take 
 place of one of the above courses." 
 
 FISHER PROFESSORSHIP OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
 December 30, 1834. 
 
 Rules and Statutes of the Fisher Professorship of Natural 
 History in Harvard University. 
 
 CHAPTER I, 
 
 Election of the Professor. 
 
 1. There shall be established in Harvard University a 
 Professorship of Natural History ; the Professor of which shall 
 be called the Fisher Professor of Natural History. 
 
 2. The Professor, shall be elected in the same manner in 
 which other officers of the University are chosen, and shall 
 hold his office on the same tenure as the Professors on other 
 foundations, and shall be subject to removal, by the President 
 and Fellows, for any cause by them deemed just and sufficient, 
 the Overseers consenting thereto. 
 
 3. The Professor, after his election, and before he enters on 
 the duties of his office, shall make and subscribe a declaration 
 in the words following, namely : — 6< I do solemnly declare that 
 I will, to the best of my ability, perform all the duties required 
 of me by the statutes under which I am now appointed Fisher 
 Professor of Natural History in Harvard University. " 
 
55 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Duties of the Professor. 
 
 1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to read lectures and 
 give instruction in Natural History, " comprehending the three 
 kingdoms, animal, vegetable, and mineral," to the undergrad- 
 uates, and to the members of the Divinity and Law Schools, 
 as the President and Fellows of Harvard College from time to 
 time may enjoin, and to perform such other duties as shall be 
 assigned to him, from time to time, by them, in conformity with 
 the will of the donor. 
 
 2. So long as the Massachusetts Professorship of Natural 
 History shall be vacant, he shall execute all the duties required 
 by the Statutes of that Professorship, free of charge, to the 
 students, and until otherwise ordered by the Corporation. 
 
 3. The Fisher Professor shall always reside in the town of 
 Cambridge, and at the Botanic Garden, unless otherwise or- 
 dered by the Corporation. 
 
 PROFESSORSHIP OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY AND 
 CLINICAL SURGERY. 
 
 January 15, 1835. 
 
 Statutes of the Professorship of the Principles of Surgery and 
 of Clinical Surgery. 
 
 1. The Professor in this department shall be styled Profes- 
 sor of the Principles of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery. 
 
 2. The Professor shall be appointed in the same manner, 
 and shall hold his office by the same tenure, as other Profes- 
 sors in the University, and shall be subject to removal, by the 
 President and Fellows, for any cause by them deemed suffi- 
 cient, the Overseers consenting thereto. 
 
 3. It shall be the duty of this Professor to give elementary 
 
56 
 
 lectures on the Principles of Surgery, and Clinical Lectures 
 on the surgical cases in the Massachusetts General Hospital. 
 
 4. The same attendance on the lectures in this department 
 shall be required of the candidates for the degree of Doctor in 
 Medicine, in this University, as is required on the lectures in 
 the other departments of the Medical Faculty. 
 
 McLEAN PROFESSORSHIP OF ANCIENT AND MODERN 
 HISTORY. 
 
 January 3, 1839. 
 
 Rules and Statutes of the McLean Professorship of Ancient 
 and Modern History in Harvard College. 
 
 Whereas John McLean, Esq., late of the city of Boston, 
 merchant, amongst other munificent benefactions to public uses, 
 did, by his last will, make the following bequest to trustees to 
 inure to the use and benefit of the College, after the decease of 
 his wife, for the purposes therein expressed, namely : — " And 
 this bequest of fifty thousand dollars is upon the further trust 
 that the trustees will, after the decease of my said wife, pay 
 over, transfer, and deliver one half in actual value of the said 
 entire fund to the President and Fellows of Harvard College, 
 the income and profit whereof shall be exclusively and forever 
 appropriated to the support of a Professor of Ancient and 
 Modern History at that College. And it shall be the duty of 
 the Professor established on this foundation to deliver annually 
 a course of public lectures in his department for the benefit of 
 the students of said College, free of expense to them, to such 
 classes, at such times, and under such regulations, as the Pres- 
 ident and Fellows of said College may, from time to time, 
 direct and appoint. If, however, from any cause, the fund so to 
 be paid over to said President and Fellows shall not yield an 
 income sufficient for the support of such Professor, they are 
 
57 
 
 hereby authorized to add the income thereof to the principal, 
 for such length of time as may be necessary to increase said 
 fund to a sum the income whereof may be sufficient for the 
 support of such Professor. But if, after the receipt of said 
 fund by said President and Fellows, and after the same shall 
 have accumulated sufficiently to yield an income adequate to 
 the support of such Professor, there shall be a vacancy in the 
 office of such Professor for the space of two years continually, 
 my will and direction is, and this gift to the said President and 
 Fellows is upon the trust, that they will pay over the income 
 of such fund which may accrue during such term of two years, 
 and during such vacancy, to the trustees of the Massachusetts 
 General Hospital. If, however, a Professorship of Ancient 
 and Modern History shall have been established at Harvard 
 University, at the time when such fund is to be paid to said 
 President and Fellows, then they shall be at liberty to appro- 
 priate and apply the income of said fund to the support of such 
 other Professorship as they may deem fit and useful, and may 
 be best adapted, in their judgment, to promote the interests of 
 literature and science, and advance the reputation of the Uni- 
 versity." 
 
 And whereas the fund is now deemed sufficient, in the judg- 
 ment of the President and Fellows, to warrant the establish- 
 ment of such Professorship, upon a scale adequate to the wants 
 of the University in the department of Ancient and Modern 
 History, — 
 
 At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard Col- 
 lege, on the twenty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord 
 1838, voted, that such Professorship be forthwith established, 
 under the rules and statutes and provisions hereinafter de- 
 clared. 
 
 8 
 
58 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Of the Election of the Professor, and his Title and Tenure of 
 
 Office. 
 
 1. There shall be established at Harvard College a Pro- 
 fessor on the foundation provided by John McLean, Esq., by 
 his said will. 
 
 2. This Professor shall be styled the McLean Professor of 
 Ancient and Modern History. 
 
 3. The Professor shall be elected by the President and Fel- 
 lows, and his election shall be submitted to the Board of Over- 
 seers for their assent and confirmation. 
 
 4. The Professor, after his election, and before entering 
 on the execution of the duties of his office, shall make and 
 subscribe a declaration and promise, before the President and 
 Fellows, that he will with diligence and fidelity, and according 
 to the best of his ability, discharge the duties of his office, ac- 
 cording to these statutes, and such other statutes, laws, and 
 regulations as are or may be duly made for the government of 
 the College ; that he will labor to advance the interests of 
 science and literature ; that by his example, as well as other- 
 wise, he will endeavour to promote piety and virtue ; and that 
 he will at all times consult the good of his pupils, and of the 
 College, in every respect. 
 
 5. The McLean Professor shall hold his office by the same 
 tenure generally as the other professors on foundations, and 
 shall be subject to removal by the President and Fellows for 
 any cause by them deemed just and sufficient, the Overseers 
 consenting thereto. 
 
59 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Of the Duties of the Professor. 
 
 1. It shall be the duty of the McLean Professor, always 
 keeping in view the objects contemplated by the founder of 
 this Professorship, to instruct the students of the College, 
 and such others as may be permitted by the Corporation to 
 attend the exercises, at such times, and in such manner, as 
 may hereafter be more particularly specified, in ancient and 
 modern history, by public and private lectures, by recitations 
 and other suitable means. And it shall be the duty of the 
 Professor, by the scope and general course of his instructions, 
 to point out and connect the great events and epochs of history, 
 to illustrate their causes and consequences, and their influence 
 in advancing or retarding the progress of civilization and general 
 improvement in the social condition of man, and to aid the 
 minds of his pupils in forming just views of the philosophy of 
 history. He shall be at liberty, if he think it expedient, to 
 give out questions to be answered by his pupils in writing, or 
 propose subjects for historical discussions or written disserta- 
 tions. 
 
 2. It shall be his duty, from time to time, to point out 
 and recommend suitable books for the use of the students of 
 history, adapted to their respective stages of advancement. It 
 shall also be his duty to pay a just attention to the progress of 
 historical literature, both in the United States and elsewhere, 
 and to acquaint himself with the character and merits of such 
 historical works as have been recently published, or may be 
 hereafter published, at home or abroad. 
 
 3. It shall be the duty of the McLean Professor to re- 
 side in the town of Cambridge, and to perform the duties 
 and exercise the powers of a member of the immediate govern- 
 ment, unless the President and Fellows shall, by their vote, 
 from time to time, otherwise permit, order, or direct. 
 
60 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Of the Residence, Rank, and Privileges of the Professor. 
 
 1. The McLean Professor may be exempted from the 
 duty of residing at Cambridge by a vote of the Corporation, 
 for such time as they may deem it expedient ; and, whilst so 
 exempted, he shall not be considered as a member of the im- 
 mediate government, nor take part in the discipline and general 
 government of the College, except to the extent and in the 
 manner hereinafter expressed. 
 
 2. The said Professor shall enjoy all the privileges and 
 rank which appertain of right to the Professors of the College. 
 He shall have the same power of imposing fines or other pen- 
 alties, whilst exempted from residence, that belongs to any single 
 professor. 
 
 3. The said Professor, whilst exempted from residence, 
 shall have and enjoy all the authority whilst delivering his lec- 
 tures, and generally in the exercise of his official duties, and in 
 his intercourse with the students, as to the preservation of or- 
 der and decorum, and the regulation of the deportment of the 
 students, which other professors are entitled to exercise ; and 
 for any indecorum during his exercises, or any insult offered 
 to him there or elsewhere, the students shall be subject to such 
 penalties as are provided in like cases as to the other officers 
 of the College, which penalties it shall be the duty of the im- 
 mediate government, after due consideration, to apply. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 At a Meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard Col- 
 lege, May 14, 1817 : — 
 
 Voted, That some counsellor, learned in the law, be elect- 
 ed, to be denominated University Professor of Law, who shall 
 reside in Cambridge, and open and keep a School for the in- 
 struction of graduates of this or any other University, and of 
 such others as, according to the Rules of Admission as Attor- 
 neys, may be admitted after five years' study in the office of 
 some counsellor. 
 
 2. That it shall be the duty of this officer, with the advice 
 of the Royall Professor of Law, to prescribe a course of 
 study, to examine and confer with the students upon the sub- 
 jects of their studies, and to read lectures to them appropriate 
 to the course of their studies and their advancement in the 
 science ; and generally to act the part of a tutor to them, in 
 such manner as will best improve their minds and assist their 
 requisitions. 
 
 3. The compensation from this instruction is to be derived 
 from the students ; and a sum not exceeding one hundred dol- 
 lars shall be paid by each one who shall attach himself to the 
 School ; but this sum shall be subject to be reduced hereafter 
 by the Corporation, if, in their judgment, the emoluments of 
 the School shall make such reduction reasonable and consistent 
 with the interest of the establishment. 
 
 4. The students shall have access to the College Library, 
 on such terms as the College government shall prescribe ; and 
 
62 
 
 a complete Law Library shall be obtained for their use as soon 
 as means for that purpose may be found. 
 
 5. The students shall be permitted to board in Commons 
 on the same terms as other members of the College ; and 
 such accommodations shall be afforded them in respect to lodg- 
 ing-rooms as may consist with the urgent claims of the existing 
 establishment. 
 
 6. As an excitement to diligence and good conduct, a de- 
 gree of Bachelor of Laws shall be instituted at the University, 
 to be conferred on such students as shall have remained at least 
 eighteen months at the University School, and passed the resi- 
 due of the novitiate in the office of some counsellor of the 
 Supreme Court of the Commonwealth, or who shall have re- 
 mained three years, or, if not graduates of any college, five 
 years, in the School, provided the Professor having charge of 
 the same shall continue to be a practitioner in the Supreme 
 Judicial Court. 
 
 7. The students shall have the privilege of attending the 
 lectures of the Royall Professor of Law free of expense, and 
 shall have access to the other lectures of the University usu- 
 ally allowed to be attended by resident graduates, without 
 charge, or for such reasonable compensation as the Corpora- 
 tion, with the assent of the Overseers, shall determine. 
 
 8. The Law Students shall give bonds for the payment of 
 the College dues, including the charge of the Professor for in- 
 struction, which shall be inserted in the quarter bills, and col- 
 lected by the College officer ; and the sums received for in- 
 struction shall, when received, be paid over by the said officer 
 to the Professor. 
 
 9. The Law Students shall be on the same footing, general- 
 ly, in respect to privileges, duties, and observance of all Col- 
 lege regulations, as by the laws pertain to resident graduates. 
 
 10. The University Professor of Law, after his election 
 and before his induction, shall make and subscribe before the 
 President and Fellows of the College a declaration similar to 
 the declarations required of the other professors. 
 
G3 
 
 At a special Meeting of the President and Felloivs of Harvard 
 College, in Boston, August 1, 1846, the following Report 
 was made and adopted. 
 
 The Committee respectfully recommend, that the votes 
 passed at a meeting held 20th August, 1829, # as a modifica- 
 tion of the Statutes of the Royall Professorship, numbered 3, 
 directing that the Dane Professor be considered, for the pres- 
 ent, and until the further order of the government, as the head 
 of the Law Department in the University, be rescinded, and 
 in lieu thereof it be declared and enacted, That the senior Pro- 
 fessor, for the time being, be considered the head of this De- 
 partment in the University ; also, that part of the same article, 
 which provides that the Royall Professor shall have the imme- 
 diate charge and oversight of the students, be rescinded, and 
 in lieu thereof it be declared and enacted, That the Dane Pro- 
 fessor of Law and the Royall Professor of Law shall equally 
 and jointly have the charge and oversight of the students ; so 
 that the clause of said article, when amended, shall stand as 
 follows : — 
 
 3. The senior Professor of Law, for the time being, is con- 
 sidered as the head of this Department of the University. It 
 shall be the duty of the Dane Professor and the Royall Pro- 
 fessor to devise and propose, from time to time, to the Corpo- 
 ration such a course of instruction in the Law School as may 
 best promote the design of that institution and the interest and 
 honor of the University, and to do all in their power to pro- 
 mote those objects. They shall equally and jointly have the 
 charge and oversight of the students, meeting them frequently, 
 at stated periods, to ascertain their progress, to assist in and 
 stimulate their studies, and to explain and remove such doubts 
 and embarrassments as may occur in the course of their reading. 
 
 * Page 35. 
 
64 
 
 At a special Meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard 
 College, in Boston, July 25, 1846 : — 
 
 Voted, That the following words be added to the first condi- 
 tion for a Medical Degree : * — " And that he is of good moral 
 character." So that the whole shall read : — " He shall sat- 
 isfy the Faculty that he has arrived at the age of twenty-one, 
 and that he is of good moral character." 
 
 * Page 52. 
 
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