» 
 
 Cape Mncent 
 and tty/yi'ftqvy 
 
Class J_VA?___ 
 Copyright N^ 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 
 
Vincent Le Ray de Chaumont. 
 
Cape Vincent 
 
 and 
 
 Its History 
 
 Compiled by 
 
 Nelie Ho7^ton Casler 
 
 ^ 
 
 il^ungctfortJ-li^oIbtooft <iEo. 
 
 Watertown, N.Y. 
 
 1906 
 
LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
 Two Copies Received 
 
 JAN m i9or 
 
 Cepyrlght Entfy 
 
 CLASS CL XXc, No, 
 
 COPY B. 
 
 \ 
 C 3 
 
To the Memory of my Son 
 HUGH HORTON CASLER 
 
" These flowers I offer here are not my own ; 
 Save a few weeds, they are by others grown. 
 Yet have I dared the gatliered bloom to tie 
 
 For those who, else, might heedless pass them by." 
 
 — Frederic W . Lucas. 
 
Copyrighted by 
 
 NELIE NORTON CASLER 
 
 I gob . 
 
THE WORD OF PREFACE. 
 
 XX gathering material for an historical sketch of the re- 
 gion now forming the township of Cape Vincent, only 
 a few dates and isolated facts are to be found prior to the 
 eighteenth centur}'. Certain chronicles were published in 1854 
 by the late Franklin B. Hough, whose name is familiar to 
 every student of Northern New York history. Twenty -two 
 years later the Reverend Elizur H. Pratt, pastor of the First 
 Presbyterian Church and sometime editor of the New York 
 Evangelist, prepared a sketch of the town which he read at 
 the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of American 
 Independence. These sources are the most reliable on this 
 subject, and both have long since passed out of print and 
 thus out of convenient reach. Careful research, however, 
 has brought to light some new material which is now offered 
 in combination with the old. 
 
 I have, by request, published here in book form the manu- 
 script which I prepared, as historian of the town of Cape 
 Vincent, for the celebration of the Centennial of Jefferson 
 County. No claim is made to completeness, but all state- 
 ments are accurate and authentic, and can be verified from re- 
 liable sources. I am indebted to many people for valuable 
 assistance and kindly encouragement. To them, and to those 
 who are seeking liistorical data, I hope this book will be of 
 value. 
 
 Nelie Hortox Casler. 
 
 Cape Vincent. July 1, 1906. 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Traces of Aboriginal Occupation. 
 
 "^^^^^-^HE region which includes the township of Cape Vin- 
 ■ ^ I cent is within the territorial bounds of that portion 
 ^^^^/ of New York claimed by the Onondaga Indians as 
 their hunting-grounds. Here several traces of aboriginal 
 occupation have been found. There are traces of an Iroquois 
 pre-historic village on the west bank of French Creek ; about 
 80 rods south of St. Lawrence village a few stone articles and 
 much pottery, buried deep in ashes, have been unearthed ; 
 and there was also a large village on the west bi'anch of 
 French Creek, a quarter of a mile south of St. Lawrence 
 village. Here were found pottery and bone implements, with 
 a few stone articles. Across a small stream, buried in refuse 
 heaps, a double-pointed bone harpoon was discovered. On 
 the other side Dr. A. A. Getman, of Chaumont, found a 
 barbed bone fish-hook without a knob. Nearly a mile north- 
 east is a camp-site on which arrow heads and pottery were 
 once abundant. There was a similar site less than a mile 
 beyond, south of the road. In building the railroad between 
 Rosiere and Cape Vincent village a small burial mound was 
 opened. There are probably many other sites in this town 
 where hunting and fishing camps were located, as the Indians 
 were, first of all, hunters and fishermen. Their migrations 
 were frequent and they selected some sheltered spot along the 
 shores on inlets of the lake for their camps. No doubt sites 
 may be found along the shores of Kent's Creek where camps 
 were formerly situated. 
 
 Indian villages were almost invariably built at vantage 
 points — at inlets of the lake and river junctions — on portage 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 paths between the head waters of streams, as is evinced by 
 the large village at St. Lawrence previously mentioned. 
 
 The Iroquois who inhabited this state and hunted over this 
 territory, are spoken of as crafty, daring and the most in- 
 telligent of all Indians. The birth-place or Eden of their 
 race, an old tradition says, was in the Lesser Wilderness 
 which lies south of us between Lake Ontario on the west and 
 the valley of Black River on the east. Here was one of the 
 most famous hunting-grounds of the Indians. Its woods 
 were filled with game and its rivers with fish. 
 
 The line of an old Indian trail ran from the Canadian 
 shore of Lake Ontario past Carleton Island and south 
 through the Lesser Wilderness, passing the St. Lawrence 
 hamlets and meeting the Mohawk river at German Flats. 
 This route avoided the rough waters of the open lake, and 
 lay also in the line of the great western trail. Morgan, in 
 his "League of the Iroquois," says : "The Indian trails were 
 well-worn paths of a foot or more in width and sometimes a 
 foot deep." 
 
 A portage, called the "Long Carrying Place," may yet be 
 traced, extending from Chaumont Bay through a portion of 
 Lyme and then across the extreme southwestern part of this 
 town to Lake Ontario. 
 
 1615-1760. 
 Champlain Passes Along the Shores of Cape Vincent. 
 
 In 1615, five years prior to the memorable landing of the 
 Pilgrims, I find the first record of the white man's visit to our 
 immediate vicinity. Samuel de Champlain and his compa- 
 triots on their expedition to the Iroquois country reached 
 Lake Ontario near Kingston, Ontario. Their route, as given 
 by General J. S. Clark, has been generally accepted, and this 
 brings the expedition within the water limit of our town. 
 
 12 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Champlain's own narrative gives no details sufficient for iden- 
 tification, and it is regarded as impossible to trace a pre- 
 cise route or to say that he landed within our borders in 
 making this short trip across the lake. 
 
 The Watertown Times of January 28, 1905, contained an 
 ably written and interesting article on this subject, in which, 
 so far as possible, Mr. Parmeter the writer, has outHned the 
 route. 
 
 He says : "Keeping close in shore to guard against dis- 
 covery the armada of canoes passed Cape Vincent." This is 
 doubtless the direction which such an expedition would, in 
 view of the local topography, have been most likely to take. 
 
 Lake Ontario, which in the Indian language means "Beau- 
 tiful Lake," was known to Jacques Noel, a grand nephew of 
 Cartier, the first explorer. Writing from Malo in 1587, 
 after being in this country, he reports the Lidians as saying 
 that "the great lake was ten days above the rapids that are 
 near Montreal." From various maps made by explorers, I 
 find it variously called Grand Lake, Lake St Louis, Lake 
 Frontenac, the latter name given on Joliet's map of 1674. 
 Hennepin's map of 1697 is the first that resembles those of 
 this vicinity at the present time. On this map the Lake is 
 called Ontario or Frontenac. 
 
 The Jesuit Missionaries. 
 
 In 1654, Father Simon Le Moyne journeyed to the coun- 
 tr}^ of the Onondagas. He left Quebec July 2nd. On the 
 29th and 30th of that month he writes, "A rain storm con- 
 tinues, which arrests us at the entrance of a great lake called 
 Ontario. The rain and storm force us to seek for lost roads. 
 We carry our baggage, provisions, and canoes on our shoul- 
 ders. The road seems long to a poor weary man. Some 
 Iroquois having perceived us from a distance, get together 
 
 13 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 to receive us." On his return, August 21st, he writes, "The 
 lake is in a fury in consequence of the violence of wind after 
 a storm. Coasting the shores my sailors kill with a shot a 
 large stag." 
 
 Father Chaumonot and Father Dablon went as mission- 
 aries among the Onondagas in 1655. Joseph Lamercier in 
 1656, and Father Paul .Ragueneau in 1657. Early in 1658, 
 they discover an Indian plot for their destruction. By a 
 clever ruse, which looked to the Indians like a miracle, they 
 escaped from the savages on March 20th. Ragueneau, in his 
 "Relation" says, "We found Lake Ontario, on which we 
 floated, still frozen at its mouth. We were obliged to break 
 the ice, axe in hand, to make an opening. On the 3rd of 
 April we landed in Montreal." 
 
 The Expedition of Gallinse. 
 
 Gallinae, in his narrative says, "We discovered Lake On- 
 tario on the second day of August, which comes in sight like 
 a great sea, with no land visible, but that we coast along. 
 What seems land on the lake-shore is merely sand and rocks. 
 It is true that in the depth of the woods, fine land is re- 
 marked, especially along some streams that empty into the 
 lake. It is by this route that the reverend Jesuit Fathers go 
 to the Iroquois missions." 
 
 On his map Gallinje calls the country about Cape Vincent 
 and Chaumont Bay, Kahengouetta. ( Where they smoked 
 tobacco). For years the silence of this wilderness was broken 
 only by the splash of the Indians' paddles or the passing 
 of Jesuit priests and French traders, the one class seeking 
 souls, the other furs, until the coming of Frontenac and La- 
 Salle and the establishment of Fort Frontenac. 
 
 Fort Frontenac. 
 Count de Frontenac deemed it advisable, after his appoint- 
 
 14 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ment as governor of New France in 1672, to invite the Iro- 
 quois to council, and also to establish a post on Lake Ontario. 
 This would bring the traffic in furs near the source of supply, 
 and intercept the Indian trade with the English at Albany. 
 Accordingly, on June 3rd, 1673, Frontenac left Quebec with 
 a flotilla of one hundred and twenty canoes and two flat boats, 
 manned by nearly four hundred men. They were met by 
 guides sent by LaSalle, and conducted to the spot selected 
 for the Indian council; where the Governor, in a striking 
 speech, reminded them of the power of their Great Father to 
 punish as well as to reward. Everything was done to impress 
 the Iroquois with the might of the French, so that they re- 
 turned with an entirely new conception of the white man. 
 
 On July 13th, the fort was laid out by Raudin the engi- 
 neer, and in a few days was ready for occupancy, under com- 
 mand of LaSalle, whose Seigneury of Cataraque was thus 
 established. He remained until the Autumn of 1674, when he 
 sailed for France. In 1676 he returned, rebuilt the walls of 
 the fort, and in every possible way increased its efficiency as a 
 trading post. Two or three small vessels which he had 
 launched were expected to profit him largely. Settlers were 
 gathering about the fort, and a colony of Iroquois to whom 
 Father Louis Hennepin was ministering had also established 
 themselves in the vicinity. Here LaSalle was joined by 
 Henri Tonti, an Italian whose fame is associated with the 
 system of Tontine insurance. 
 
 Fort Frontenac as the post had been named, stood on the 
 site of the present city of Kingston, twelve miles across the 
 St. Lawrence river from Cape Vincent. It was the first forti- 
 fied post in this vicinity. From the Indians it received the 
 name of Cataraque, which means "Fort rising out of the 
 water." 
 
 In 1682 Count Frontenac Avas recalled to France, and Le- 
 
 15 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Fcbre de la Barre was appointed governor. He placed the 
 enemies of Frontenac and LaSalle in power, seized the latter's 
 property at Cataraque, and accused him of endeavoring to 
 bring on an Iroquois war. At the time the French were beset 
 by dangers on all sides. The English were endeavoring to 
 form an alliance with the Indians, who were constantly on the 
 warpath. In July, 168-i, La Barre left Quebec for Fort Fron- 
 tenac to prepare an expedition against the Iroquois, in order 
 to frighten them into terms of peace. An official report gives 
 the number accompanying him as thirty-eight men. This 
 force passed our shores to a place of meeting called "La- 
 Famine," which was upon the eastern shore of Lake Ontario 
 where Salmon River empties into the lake. Two hundred 
 years ago it was well known to the explorer, a place Avhere 
 armed bodies camped and Indian councils were held. 
 
 LaBarre's purpose failed, and the next year he was suc- 
 ceeded by Denonville, who was expected to make the Iroquois 
 feel the French power. Sixteen hundred soldiers were placed 
 at his disposal. He left Montreal in June, 1687, and arrived 
 at Frontenac with two thousand troops. On July 4th an im- 
 posing flotilla of four hundred canoes and bateaux crossed 
 the lake and invaded the Seneca country. 
 
 Differences now arose between Denonville and Governor 
 Dongan of New York. Each accused the other of intrigue, 
 which resulted in a border warfare that lasted until 1700. 
 Finally both leaders were removed. Count Frontenac succeed- 
 ing Denonville and Jacob Leisler, Governor Dongan. The 
 French were never more formidable to the English than under 
 the Governorship of Frontenac ; hence there was general sat- 
 isfaction when he was recalled to Canada. 
 
 Winsor says : "There is httle doubt that Governor Leisler 
 of New York prompted the Iroquois to the futile effort to 
 capture Fort Frontenac." 
 
 16 
 
Cape Vincent and Its History 
 
 The following letter relates Governor Leisler's action in 
 this affair: 
 
 "By A^rtue of authority to me derived by his Ma*'® King 
 William & being informed of ye great advantage may be 
 made for his Ma*^*^^ Interest of a Certain fFort belono-ins: to 
 the fFrench King were destroyed doe hereby authorize and 
 empower j-^ou Nicholas Rust with so many as shall voluntarily 
 assist you, not exceeding twenty-ffive of ye King of English 
 his subjects to goe forewith unto or ware ye s^ fFort named 
 Kadaroockqua joyned with the Indians in allyance wth this or 
 Crowne as to your wisdome shall seeme meete, and do assault 
 attacque and raze it, down to ye ground, as much as in you 
 Lyes to prevent it Ever to be rebuilt againe & that you give 
 Christian quarter to ye said fFrench people therein if de- 
 sired, but that none of them be delivered into ye possession of 
 3^e Indians to Exercise their Cruelty over them & that for ye 
 plunder you may agree wth sd Indians to their satisfaction 
 w^^ you are to divide amongst you & to oppose & to dis- 
 truction bring all or an}^ that shall defend or assist ye 
 fFrench Interest And for soe doing this shall be your Suf- 
 ficient Warrent and Commission Given under my hande & 
 scale at Fort Wilham this 28th day of december, 1689." 
 
 (Sig.) Jacob Leislek. 
 
 That the French had anticipated this action by the English 
 is shown by the news received by the Albany Convention, 
 from the Mohawk Sachems. 
 
 "Three prisoners brought from Canada had reported that 
 Cadaraghque is abandoned and they found thirty barrels of 
 powder there ; among the rest was a barrel of match in a 
 hole which they intended to set fire to and thus I)low up the 
 others. The}^ found considerable booty both in beavers and 
 peltries. Six of the principle officers were drowned after 
 leaving the fort." 
 
 Frontenac invaded the country of the Iroquois with a 
 
 17 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 large army in the summer of 1696. On the 19th of July 
 the army arrived at Fort Frontenac. Sieur du Luth, captain, 
 was left in the fort as commandant, with a garrison of forty 
 men, including masons and carpenters necessary for repair- 
 ing the buildings. On the 26th the army left Fort Frontenac 
 and proceeded to He aux Chevreuil, where they encamped for 
 the night. Scouts were continually marching ahead of the 
 army, which proceeded slowly, owing to the portage of bag- 
 gage, canoes and bateaux. "Count Frontenac was borne in 
 his canoe by fifty savages singing and uttering yells of joy." 
 The army returned by water to Fort Frontenac in Au- 
 gust. "A violent gale from the west detained the army until 
 the 14th and though it was not altogether calm, ten leagues 
 were made that day under sail, though we did not leave until 
 noon. The navigation is pretty dangerous for canoes and 
 bateaux ; the waves extraordinarily high, and the landing 
 very difficult, there being numerous shoals in some places and 
 headlands where the sea breaks at a stupendous height. We 
 camped in a river where the wind was less violent, and arrived 
 next day, the 15th, at Fort Frontenac." 
 
 During the absence of the army, the fort had been re- 
 paired. A building containing a chapel, officers' quarters, 
 a bakery, and stores for provisions for the subsistence of the 
 troops for eight months, had been erected. It was against 
 the advice of all, even the King, that Count Frontenac re- 
 stored the fort at Cataraque. He believed that the restora- 
 tion of the fort would enable the French so to harrass and 
 annoy the Iroquois, by constant warfare, that they would 
 not dare to leave their own towns. 
 
 The Jesuit Father Francois Xavier Charlevoix, historian 
 and voyager, visited this region in 1721, and from his letter 
 to Madame de Lesdiguireres, written May 16th, I take the 
 following : 
 
 18 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 "I embarked on the 14th, at precisely the same hour that 
 I had arrived at the town of Catarocoui. I liad but six 
 leagues to go, to gain the Isle aux Chevreuil, wliere there is 
 a fine port, which can receive large barques; but my Cana- 
 dians had not visited their canoes, of which the sun had 
 melted the pitch in many places so that it let in water at all 
 points, and we were compelled to lose nearly two hours for 
 repairs in one of the islands at the outlet of Lake Ontario. 
 The vines have a very large stock and bear many grapes ; 
 but the berries are very small, and not much larger than a 
 pea ; when ripe they are eaten by the bears, who seek them on 
 the highest trees. As for the birds, they would soon perform 
 the vintage of the whole forest. I left yesterday, at an early 
 hour, and at eleven in the morning stopped at the Galoo 
 Islands, three leagues from Deer Island at 431/4 degrees of 
 latitude. The beaut^^ of the country which was passing on 
 my left, did not tempt me." 
 
 "But can you believe, madam, that at this season, and 
 at the forty-third degree of latitude, there are still no leaves 
 on the trees. This, doubtless, is because the earth has been 
 covered with snow for many months." 
 
 Charlevoix, on this voyage, passed the night on Grenadier 
 Island ; thus the descriptions given arc of this region. 
 
 During this part of the eighteenth century England and 
 France were both endeavoring to monopolize the Indian trade, 
 and to extend their influence with the native tribes. The 
 French had previously established a fort at Niagara ; later, 
 in 1722, the Enghsh built a trading post, and in 1727, a 
 fort, at Oswego. 
 
 Peace lasted until 1755, when several important events oc- 
 curred upon this frontier. There was stationed at Fort 
 Frontenac a force of fourteen hundred regulars and Cana- 
 dians, together with French engineers who were at work 
 strengthening the defences. With their vessels and canoes, 
 they were to cross the lake and fall upon Oswego. 
 
 19 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 Parkman says : 
 
 "On the fourth of August, 1756, Montcahn embarked at 
 night with the first division, crossed in darkness to Wolfe 
 Island, lay there hidden all day, and embarked again in the 
 evening. The second division followed with provisions, hos- 
 pital train and eighty artillery boats ; Rigaud, covered by the 
 universal forest, marched in advance to protect the landing 
 of the troops. The fate of Oswego was now sealed." The 
 English surrendered prisoners of war to the number of six- 
 teen hundred. The victors burned the forts and vessels, and 
 destroyed such provisions and stores as they could not carry 
 away. The army then crossed the lake to Frontenac, and 
 "Oswego reverted for a time to the bears, foxes and wolves." 
 
 In 1758, Lieut. Col. Bradstreet planned to attack Fort 
 Frontenac. He assembled three thousand men, nearly all 
 provincials, where Oswego had once stood. A few Oneida 
 Indians were persuaded to join him. On August twenty- 
 second he left Oswego. Parkman adds : "His fleet of whale- 
 boats and bateaux pushed out on Lake Ontario ; and, three 
 days after, landed near the French fort." 
 
 On the morning of the twenty-seventh, De Noyan, the com- 
 mandant, surrendered a hundred and ten soldiers and labor- 
 ers as prisoners of war. The French fort was utterly de- 
 stroyed by the English and never rebuilt. 
 
 Expedition of General Jeffrey Amherst against Canada. 
 
 From the diary of Colonel Nathaniel Woodhull. 
 
 "During the month of July, 1760, the troops under Gen- 
 eral Amherst rendezvoused at Oswego. Ten thousand one hun- 
 dred and forty men and seven hundred Indians under Sir 
 William Johnson left Oswego August 10th, in two vessels, 
 177 bateaux and 72 whale-boats. Frequent encampments 
 were made along the shores of Lake Ontario. The 14th they 
 encamped on Grenadier Island, where the troops drew pro- 
 
 20 
 
FoKT Haldimand, 
 From a Map ot the Survey made by Ferdinand Hassler in 18W. 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 visions. The 15th they left the island and proceeded to the 
 St Lawrence River, the Regulars on the right, the Jersey 
 and Connecticut troops on the left and the Yorkers in the 
 Center." 
 
 On their return the entrance to the lake was reached Oct. 
 21. They encamped about sunset, when it began to snow and 
 continued storming until the next day, when it cleared. They 
 put off, reaching Oswego Oct. 27. Owing to severe storms 
 and scarcity of provisions many of the troops marched by 
 land. 
 
 A map of the Province of New York, compiled from ac- 
 tual surveys and made by Claude Joseph Sauthier in 1779, 
 locates the "Great Camp" in the town of Cape Vincent. 
 Probably the encampment made October 21. 
 
 Champlain and Frontenac were workers in the cause of 
 colonization ; but they were not sufficiently supported. 
 Whereas the French built fortresses, trained soldiers, and 
 established missions, the English founded homes, created vil- 
 lages, and became possessors of the land. There could be but 
 one result of these conditions. The long struggle was ended 
 at Quebec, and the power of France in America passed away. 
 
 By the foregoing facts, I have endeavored to show in 
 what way, and for what reasons, this region was visited by 
 white men during more than one hundred and fifty years 
 prior to the Revolutionary War. 
 
 Doubtless in many of these early expeditions of the French 
 and English, in war and in peace, they made our shores their 
 camping places. This is indicated by various articles which 
 have been excavated. An iron plate owned by Mrs. Kate 
 Lyle, was found beneath the ground, more than forty years 
 ago, by Mr. John Laird, while digging a well on the farm 
 now occupied by Mr. George Laird. Over seventy years ago, 
 John Laird, a young Scotchman, and his wife came to Cape 
 A'incent and bought the above mentioned farm from LcRay. 
 
 23 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 It was covered by forests which they cleared. As the iron 
 plate was not among their possessions it seems evident that it 
 belonged to a pre-Revolutionary period, and was probably of 
 early French or English origin. 
 
 1757-1906. 
 Carleton Island. 
 
 Alexander McComb, in his jDurchase of land in northern 
 New York, made the following agreement, dated June 22, 
 1791 : "That the Island called Buck or Carleton, at the en- 
 trance of Lake Ontario be excepted out of the contract and 
 remain the property of the state." Subsequently, an act was 
 passed by the Legislature on March 17, 1815, by which the 
 islands within the limits and bounds of the state, situated in 
 the river St. Lawrence, together with the waters adjoining, 
 were attached to the towns next adjacent. Thus the islands, 
 Carleton, Grenadier, Little Grenadier, Fox and Linda, be- 
 came a part of the township of Cape Vincent. Galinees' 
 map of 1669, shows these islands ; but they are not so clearly 
 defined as on the map of RafFeix, made in 1688. 
 
 In Yale University Library there is a map covering the 
 Provinces of New York and New Jersey, drawn by Major 
 Holland, surveyor general of the Northern District of Amer- 
 ica, and published in London in 1776. On the map Carleton 
 Island is designated as "I. aux Chevreuil." This name was 
 erroneously applied by the British. From the above name 
 it became known in time as Deer or Buck Island, while the 
 island actually named by the French, "He aux Chevreuil," 
 became the present Grenadier. 
 
 Mr. Douglass Brymner, of the Canadian Department of 
 Agriculture, made extensive research in 1873 among the 
 papers of the Mititary Secretary at Halifax. From these 
 papers, covering the period from 1760 to 1873, valuable 
 historical information was obtained. These papers, which 
 are accessible to the public at all times, were first brought to 
 
 24 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 my knowledge through Frankhn B. Hough's work, "The 
 Thousand Islands of the St Lawrence" published in 1880. 
 
 The Canadian goverment has also secured copies of the 
 original papers of General Sir Fi'ederick Haldiinand, which 
 are preserved in the archives of England. 
 
 These records are now under the care of Dr. A. G. 
 Doughty, Dominion Archivist, Ottawa, Canada, to whom 
 grateful ackowledgments are due, for courteous attention 
 and assistance rendered the writer during a visit to Ottawa 
 for the purpose of copying records of Carleton Island, which 
 arc offered with the expectation that much of the mystery 
 which has long clung to the remains of the old fort will 
 vanish. 
 
 Dr. Hough, writing of Carleton Island in 1880, says: 
 
 "The Island was wholly unoccupied by the French, ex- 
 cepting as a transient stopping place. In 1757, a guard of 
 twelve men were stationed there, to give notice of any ap- 
 proach by the English. 
 
 "None of the historians on either side mention it in 1760, 
 as they certainly would have done, had it been of the slightest 
 importance, and it was not until it became probable that the 
 St. Lawrence might become a Frontier that we find a motive 
 for a military work at this place." 
 
 From many papers examined, it appears the English kept 
 a small post there for some time prior to fortifying the 
 island. Tory refugees gathered there as early as 1771, and 
 it was also a rendezvous for the various Indian tribes friendly 
 to the British. 
 
 Supplies for the upper posts were brought there from 
 Lachine in bateaux and transferred to larger vessels. 
 
 Col. John Clark, born in Canada, in 1783, saj's: In 1776 
 my father was clerk and Naval Store Keeper at Carleton 
 Island, where government vessels were built for the navigation 
 of Lake Ontario." 
 
 27 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 St. Leger's Expedition Against Fort Stanwix Rendezvoused 
 on Carleton Island in 1777. 
 
 Quebec, 18 May, 1777. 
 Sir, 
 
 It being the King's pleasure that I put under Command 
 of Col. St. Leger to be employed upon an expedition, a de- 
 tachment from the 8th Regt. of 100 men, a detachment from 
 the 34th the same. Sir John Johnson's Regt. of New York 
 and a corps of Chasseurs hold themselves in readiness to 
 march and obey all order they shall receive from Lt. Col. 
 St. Leger. Assemble as many Indians as you can commun- 
 icate with and prevail upon them to put themselves with 
 leaders who will be appointed by Col. Butler. You will con- 
 sult with Lt. Col. St. Leger in regard to the rendezvous. 
 
 F. Haldimand. 
 
 To Lt. Col. Bolton. 
 Vol B. 39, p. 496- 
 
 Quebec, May 19, 1777. 
 Sm, 
 
 I refer to Lt. Col. St. Leger and Lt. Col. Bolton and Col. 
 Butler for fixing the rendezvous, both of the detachment of 
 8th and savages, it will be proper that he should communi- 
 cate his sentiments on that subject to them. I will only of- 
 fer it as my opinion that Cataraque be the properest place 
 for that purpose. 
 
 F. Haldimand. 
 
 To Lt. General Burgoyne. 
 Vol. B39, r. 521. 
 
 Headquarters, Montreal, 10th June, 1777. 
 Sir, 
 
 I am to signify to you the commander in chief's pleasure 
 that you hold yourself in readiness with the Company under 
 your command to take part at Deer Island according to fur- 
 
 28 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 thcr orders whicli will be given you by Lt. Col. St. Leger 
 leaving an officer and twenty men at Oswegatchic with such 
 instructions as you shall think necessary for their guidance 
 till you return. 
 
 I am &c., 
 
 Guy Carleton. 
 
 to the officer commanding at oswegatchie. 
 Loyalist Papers, Lenox Library, Vol. 43, p. 426. 
 
 General orders given by Brig. Gen'l. B. St. Leger. Buck 
 Island. July 13, 1777. His majesty has been pleased to 
 appoint Col. Claus, Superintendent of the Indian Depart- 
 ment on this expedition. 
 
 (Sig.) Barry St. Leger, 
 
 Brig'r. Gen'l commanding 
 
 the expedition against 
 
 Fort Stanwix 
 Buck Island. year 1777- 
 
 Headquarters, 31st July, 1777. 
 ..... I am commanded to acquaint you that the Commander 
 in chief directs you to give orders for the return of the boats 
 from Deer Island, and the employment of all those sent there 
 with provisions or other articles according as they shall be 
 destined by you and the Commissary General notwithstand- 
 ing any orders or directions of Lt. Col. St. Leger who is not 
 to interfei'e with the orders made from hence. 
 
 Edw. Foy, D. a. G. 
 Canadian Archives, Vol. 154, p. 29. 
 
 General Haldimand Takes Command of the 
 British Army. 
 
 In June, 1778, General Haldimand landed at Quebec and 
 
 29 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 took command of the army. General Carleton leaving im- 
 mediately after his arrival. Fearing an invasion by the 
 Americans he proceeded to strengthen the defences of the 
 avenues into the Province. Lieutenants Twiss and Glennie 
 left Montreal on July 28th, to investigate the different posts 
 along the St. Lawrence river. It was necessary to find a lo- 
 cation for a new fort and to commence work at once. The 
 following letters, which are copied verbatim et literatim, show 
 the result of the investigation. 
 
 Lieut. Twiss Finds it Impracticable to Repair the 
 Old Fort at Oswegatchie. 
 
 To Brigadier Gen'l. MacLean. 
 Canadian Archives — Vol. 154, p. 29. 
 
 Oswegatchie, Aug. 8, 1778. 
 
 Sir : 
 
 On the 28tli of July, Lt. Glennie and Myself loft Mon- 
 treal, and arrived here yesterday with all our artificiers and 
 stores, having been delayed on the road by contrary winds. 
 I have examined the construction and situation of the Fort, 
 the former such it would not be tenable against cannon even 
 had it been built on advantageous ground. 
 
 It is impossible to propose any effectual repairs for a 
 Fort like this, which appears to me so full of imperfections. 
 If the public service requires a Post near here, another situ- 
 ation must be found out and fortified next summer. We shall 
 probably have great assistance from the local knowledge of 
 Capt. Potts, whose long residence in these parts give him 
 every superior advantage over us who are entire strangers. 
 We propose to land on Buck Island and examine that first, 
 from whence Capt. Potts, Lieut. Glennie and every other in- 
 telligent officer who offers, will accompany me to Cataro- 
 que, where we will examine very minutely the advantages and 
 disavantages of the situation and bay. If we find its ad- 
 
 30 
 
The Sentinel on thb Hill, 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 vantages equal our expectations we will instantly begin our 
 works : but if on Buck Island or near it a more favorable sit- 
 uation presents itself, we will employ all our soldiers and ar- 
 tificers in preparing Timber, sawing Boards, making Lime, 
 Charcoal and Fascines &c., and wait the return of an Express, 
 which in that case we will forward for your Excellenc3^'s ap- 
 probation, before we proceed on any Fortifications. 
 
 I have the honor etc., 
 
 Wm. Twiss. 
 
 General Haldimand Approves Lieut. Twiss' Decision. 
 
 Vol. 154, p. 323. 
 
 Headquarters, Moxtreal, Aug. 10th, 17T8. 
 Sir: 
 
 I have received your letter of the 8th of Aug. and approve 
 entirelv of the steps which 3'^ou report having taken. As I 
 shall rel}" upon 3'our judgment about the situation to be fixed 
 upon for the intended new Fort, whatever place 3^ou shall find 
 most capable of defense and most convenient for answering the 
 purpose of protecting vessels and for building Boats and 
 other Crafts that we shall have occasion for, I shall approve 
 of proceeding upon it in order that no time be lost etc. 
 
 I am sir etc., 
 
 F. Haldimand. 
 
 Lieut. Twiss Suggests Changing the Name of the Island 
 and a Name for the New Fort. 
 
 Vol. 154-, p. 40. 
 
 Buck Island, Aug. 17, 17T8. 
 
 Sir: 
 
 We arrived here on the 10th inst., in the evening and on 
 the 11th, I rowed around the Island endeavoring to make 
 m3'self acquainted with the interior ground and the water 
 
 33 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 round it. At noon we proceeded to Cateraque and passing 
 the upper part of Grand Island (sounding as we went) we 
 reached that post about nine at night. The morning of the 
 12th we employed in sounding the Harbour and walking over 
 a long ridge of rising ground which commands the Fort. On 
 our return we found Capt. Schank at Buck Island, and on the 
 13th we went with him to Cataraque. On the 14th we sounded 
 the Harbour and entrance very minutely returning to Buck 
 Island during the night of the 15th, and yesterday we ex- 
 amined this Island (I think I may say) thoroughly with re- 
 spect to any material rising of the ground and Capt. Schank 
 thinks himself equally Master of the different soundings 
 around it. 
 
 The situation is far more advantageous than any place we 
 have either seen or heard of. I am confident that experience 
 will prove the advantage of possessing this Island, and I am 
 equally certain that the upper part of it which we are now 
 clearing for a Post is the strongest ground. Capt. Schank 
 thinks the Bay it commands the safest and most convenient 
 for the vessels. It appears plainly that this is not the 
 Island which the French called Isle aux Cheveuiles and I 
 should therefore suppose will create confusion if it is now 
 called Deer or Buck Island ; might I presume to propose a 
 name for it, I would call it Carleton Island, and the new 
 Post, Haldimand Fort, but for this we await your Excel- 
 lency's orders. 
 
 I hope we shall be able to secure this post against any at- 
 tack without artillery and to lodge the garrison in Barracks 
 before the severity of the winter sets in, but even this will 
 prove a very heavy fatigue for the troops, at this time it is 
 very particularly so, because there is not one drop of rum on 
 the Island. 
 
 I have the honor ec, 
 
 Wm. Twiss, 
 Sub. Eng. & Lieut. 
 34 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Cataraque and Buck Island Compared. 
 
 Haldimaxd Papers, Series B, Vol. 154*. 
 
 August 17th, 1778. 
 
 A Comparative view between Cataraque and Buck Island. 
 
 1st, Neither of these places when considered simply as a 
 land Post, without assistance from small vessels or gun boats, 
 can ever command the navigation of the lake or river; but 
 Buck Island views the easiest Passage which any boat can 
 approach by. 
 
 2nd, Cataraque as a land post is altogether untenable, be- 
 ing commanded by almost every spot of ground near it, where- 
 as the spot fixed on for a garrison on Buck Island is very ad- 
 vantageous in itself, but derives great strength from being 
 situated on an Island out of cannon shot from any other 
 land. It contains about two square miles, which though suffi- 
 cient to supply the Garrison with vegetables, would render the 
 supplies on an enemy very precarious and his operations dan- 
 gerous, not to mention, that an enemy can never approach it 
 without being at that time master of the navigation. 
 
 3rd, Cataraque is not favorable for the building of vessels, 
 as there is no good timber near it, and none can be had with- 
 out bringing it from a great distance. The same observa- 
 tions hold good with regard to Barracks, which it would be 
 impracticable to build there at any rate this season. Buck 
 Island is commodiously situated for both these purposes, hav- 
 ing a good deal of timber within itself. 
 
 4th, Cataraque Bay will not receive vessels of any consid- 
 erable size and does not admit of their going in or out with 
 ease or security, when several winds blow — Buck Island on 
 the other hand furnishes one continued Harbour all round 
 for vessels of any Burthen to ride in, and can therefore fur- 
 nish security in some place or other what ever wind blows. 
 
 5th, Whence it evidently follows that Buck Island is much 
 better calculated than Cataraque for the quick and conrnio- 
 dious loading and unloading of vessels, and of course for the 
 
 35 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 expeditious transport of stores and provision particularly 
 when we divert to this circumstance. Likewise that batteaux 
 can always come up to it with safety, and frequently cannot 
 approach Cataraque without great delays or the most iminent 
 danger of being lost or distroyed. 
 
 6th, If one may be allowed to judge from appearence of 
 Healthiness or Unhealthiness of any particular situation, 
 which it is however sometimes difficult to do with certainty :• — 
 Cataraque will be sickly from a nauseous swamp at the head 
 of the Bay. While there is a free circulation and agitation 
 of the water all around Buck Island to keep it pure and 
 wholesome. 
 
 7th, As Buck Island lies in reality as well as Cataraque at 
 least 12 miles above the mouth of the lake, there is hardly 
 any perceptible current in the water around it, consequently 
 little or no danger is to be apprehended for the vessels, from 
 the breaking up of the ice in the winter and spring. There 
 are many secondary advantages which Buck Island seems 
 to enjoy above Cataraque, which it is not possible at present 
 to enumerate, and for which we beg leave to refer to your Ex- 
 cellency to Lieut Glennie. 
 
 John Schank, 
 
 Commissioner. 
 Wm. Twiss, 
 
 Engineer. 
 His Excellency 
 
 Gen'l Haldimand 
 
 Endorsed — Cataraque & Deer Island Compared, 17 Aug. 
 1778. 
 
 The Advantages of Deer Island Appear 
 More Conspicuous. 
 
 Deer Island Aug. 28, 1778. 
 Sir: 
 
 Upon a more minute examination of this Island the ad- 
 
 36 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 vantages for defense for building and securing vessels as 
 well as carr3nng on the necessary transport, appear more and 
 more conspicuous. I must however observe that the rising 
 ground here which effectually commands the proposed Har- 
 bour for shipping requires a work of 850 yards in circum- 
 ference to occupy it to advantage. Notwithstanding 250 
 yards is accessible, about 80 is very difficult of access, and the 
 remaining 520 yards goes with a gradual and uniform de- 
 scent from every part of the proposed works. We are there- 
 fore of the opinion that according to your Excellency's In- 
 structions we ought to reduce the circumference of our works 
 to about 500 yards, 150 of which will be inaccessible and 
 about 90 very difficult of access. 
 
 Wm. Twiss 
 
 Eng & Lieut. 
 
 Soldiers' Families Distressed for Want of Provisions. 
 
 I beg leave to represent to your Excellenc}^ the situation 
 of those Soldiers who are married and obliged to maintain 
 their families upon one Ration, as they cannot buy any pro- 
 visions upon this Island, if your Excellency would therefore 
 allow a married man tp draw two Rations it would be a great 
 relief to several Soldiers and their families who are at pre- 
 sent much distressed for want of a sufficient quantity of pro- 
 visions." 
 
 Captain Aubrey to Gen'l. Haldimand. 
 
 Deer Island, 28th Aug. 1T78. 
 
 The Name of the Island Changed Between August 28th 
 and September 2nd. 
 
 Your Excellency may be assured of Lieutenant Glenny's 
 having every assistance that can be possibly given him by me 
 with Regard to the works which are carrying on here and 
 that as many Guns as will be required for the Fort shall be 
 
 37 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 taken from the vessels at their leaving the Island for the last 
 time before the winter. Captain Potts, with the officers and 
 men of the Kings Regiment which your Excellency has or- 
 dered from hence to Niagara, are to embark on board the 
 Seneca tomorrow, one Subaltern, one Sergeant with Thirty 
 Rank and file of that Regiment is, agreeable to your orders 
 left at the lower end of the Island with the stores and mer- 
 chandise, the other Subaltern with 2 Sergeants, Forty Rank 
 and file are encamped with the rest of the Troops, at the end 
 of the Island zahere the fort is to be built.''' 
 
 The inclosed is a Return of Eight Prisoners who were sent 
 here from Niagara by Colonel Bolton, and I have sent one 
 Prisoner from hence, he was taken by Mr. Adams — the In- 
 dian Interpreter — and some Indians, who I sent from hence 
 upon a scouting party to Fort Stanwix. They have brought 
 in two Prisoners who were taken by them near the Fort. I 
 should have sent the other Prisoner to Montreal but the In- 
 dians have refused at present to give him up, as they say, 
 they must keep one that the rest of the Indians of the Nation 
 they belong to may see they have taken a Prisoner. I am in- 
 formed by Mr. Adams that the Rebels are strongly forti- 
 fying Fort Stanwix : the Prisoners say that there is five hun- 
 dred and forty men in the Fort, and that they have sent from 
 thence for five thousand men to go against Col. Butler. 
 
 Captain Aubrey to Gen'l. Haldimand, Carleton Island, 
 2nd Sept., 1778. 
 
 Work on the Fort Proceeding. 
 
 "All the lower logs for the works here will be laid this af- 
 ternoon, a general Hospital is building, the timbers that has 
 been squared and what work has been done by the Artificers, 
 I have desired Lieut. Twiss to report to you, and your Ex- 
 cellency may be assured of every Precaution for the Secur- 
 ity and Defense of this Island and against any surprise." 
 
 Captain Aubrey to Gen'l. Haldimand, Sept. 8, 1778. 
 
 38 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Lieut. Twiss Reports State of Works to 
 Gen'l Haldimand. 
 
 Carleton Island Sep. 8, 1778. 
 Sir : 
 
 The present state of our works is as follows, a lime Kiln 
 made, about 200 bushels of lime burnt, and the same quan- 
 tity burning. Charcoal burnt for present use, a saw pit store- 
 house, Carpentei's and blacksmith shops built and covered 
 in together. With a general hospital in some forwardness, 
 also 200 pine logs of 20ft long with 10,000 shingles now on 
 the m'ound for building barracks. The hill on which the 
 Fort stands is so rocky that pickets could not be fixed firmly 
 without great labor. We have therefore begun to form a log 
 Parapet which we shall fill with earth &c making it 8 ft thick 
 at bottom 5 ft at top and 8 ft high. 
 
 I have the honor etc 
 
 Wm. Twiss 
 Ens & Lieut. 
 
 The Barracks Nearly Completed. 
 
 The Paropets is already 5 feet above the level of the 
 ground, and will soon be finished. I expect in about a fort- 
 night from this date to have a very comfortable Barracks of 
 174 feet in front almost covered for 160 or 180 men, The fa- 
 tigue men here for carrying on matters with, are to be sure, 
 few in number, and most of them deficient in what I always 
 reckoned to be more than three fourths of a soldiers duty, 
 the knowledge of working well. 
 
 Lieut. Glennie to Gen'l Haldimand, Sept. 30, 1778. 
 
 Fruit Trees Planted and Plans for a Garden. 
 
 I desired Captain Le Maistrc to acquaint your Excellency 
 that there was a french trader settled at Catarackie, who I 
 
 39 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 have been since informed has a Pass, and he was directed to 
 call here to show it to me, which he has not done, as he went 
 up the River betwixt this Island and Oswegatchie. I am told 
 that there is two Indians traders beyond Catarackie and that 
 the one who is settled at Catarackie has brought up a large 
 quantity of Rum. Since these traders have been settled there 
 very few Indians from that Nation have been upon this 
 Island. I have received twenty Apple trees, which I have had 
 planted, and you may be assured of my doing everything in 
 my power for the improvement of this Island, but the Sea- 
 son is too far advanced to sew wheat, but I intend having 
 ground cleared for the sowing of Indian corn and Potatoes." 
 Captain Aubrey to Gen'l Haldimand. Nov. 17, 1778. 
 
 Carleton Island to be Attacked by the Rebels. 
 
 Some Indians have come in here and have given me some 
 strings of wampum, they have acquainted me of their having 
 come from Onondago Castle where they say the Rebels are 
 expected every Day, as they have been informed there is a 
 large party of the rebels coming there from Fort Stanwix 
 with an intention to destroy that Castle and that three hun- 
 dred of a thousand of the Rebels intend to attack this Post : 
 for want of a proper Interpreter, I do not rightly understand 
 whether ye Indians mean that three hundred or a thousand 
 are coming: to this Island. I should have sent one of these 
 Indians that brought in these accounts to Montreal, but 
 they are gone on the opposite side of the River for their 
 families, and it blows so hard neither a boat or canoe can 
 cross with safety, and I was unwilling to detain the Expi'ess, 
 which I have sent to give your Excellency the earliest Intelli- 
 g-ence of the Information I have received from these Indians. 
 
 The Caldwell arrived here last night from Niagara and I 
 am told by Colonel Bolton of his having heard that the Rebels 
 intend to attack this Post in the Winter and Niagara in the 
 Spring. Since I sent a state of the fortifications of this Post 
 to your Excellency, planks have been laid upon another of 
 
 40 
 
re > 
 3 S 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 the Bastions and two guns have been mounted upon it and 
 I am in Hope that two Guns will be able to be mounted upon 
 the other Bastion to-morrow. 
 
 Captain Aubrey to General Haldimand. Dec. 6, 17T8. 
 
 Sickness Among the Troops. 
 
 Rm. Reynolds — a volunteer in the Royal Yorkers — is 
 just returned from Oswego where he has been with a Scout- 
 ing Party, and I am informed by him that there is not any 
 of the Rebels at that place. The Soldiers at this Garrison 
 are much more sickly than what they were for some time af- 
 ter we arrived here, as there is now above sixty men in the 
 sick Reports, and some of them are so bad with the scurvey 
 that they are not able to get out of their beds. I am in- 
 formed by the Surgeon that a jill of Rum or more a day 
 for each man properly mixed with water would be the means 
 of preventing that, and other disorders which he is apprehen- 
 sive many of the men here will be liable to in the Spring. 
 Upon the Surgeon having represented it to me that it was 
 absolutely necessary some of the sick should have a jill of 
 Rum every day mixed with water, I have given directions 
 that those sick men, whom the Doctor thought it would be 
 proper should have that quantity of Rum, to be supplied 
 with it from the Merchants : As all the Rum that was sent 
 here for the men employed in the King's Works under the 
 Engineer is expended and as the Doctor thinks if all the men 
 were to have Rum every day properly mixed with water, it 
 would be a means of preserving their health, I should be glad 
 to know whether your Excellency will allow Rum to be pur- 
 chased here for that purpose. 
 
 Captain Aubrey to General Haldimand. Winter of 1778 
 and '79. 
 
 Memorial of Officers at Carleton Island. 
 To his Excellency Frederick Haldimand, Captain General 
 
 43 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 and Governor in Chief in and for the Province of Quebec and 
 the Territories, depending thereon in America, Vice Admiral 
 of the same. General and Commander in Chief of his Majes- 
 ty's Forces in the said Province and the Frontiers thereof, 
 &ca 8ica &ca. 
 
 The Memorial of the subscribing Officers Humbly showeth 
 that your Excellency's Memorialists have been under the dis- 
 agreeable necessity of living all Winter in huts built at their 
 own Expense after the inclemency of the Season was so severe 
 that they could not remain in their Tents any longer with any 
 degree of comfort. Your Memorialists beg that your Ex- 
 cellency would consider their Situation and allow them Lodg- 
 ings Money according to their Rank and they, as in Duty 
 Bound, will ever Pray. 
 
 Joseph Anderson Capt Re York 
 Gerd Irving Lt 47th 
 Saml Ford Lt 47 
 Kerr McKenzie Lieut K R Reg't 
 Hugh Mackey Ass. Cam'g and Acting Sar 
 John d' Courcy Gill, Surgn to the forces on 
 
 Carlet. Island 
 Carleton Island 
 
 18th April 1779. 
 
 Joseph Franklin Appointed Gardener. 
 
 St. Johns, Mch. 19th, 1779. 
 Sir: 
 
 As early as possible I shall collect what stores I judge are 
 most immediately necessary for Carleton Island and forward 
 them under the care of Joseph Franklin who was formerly 
 A Sergeant and has become a farmer at Crown Point since 
 1763, and I believe is well known to Captain Brehm. This 
 man was at Carleton Island last summer employed as a lime 
 burner. I humbly propose to your Excellency to build for 
 this man and his family a small house in the most fertile part 
 
 44 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 of the Island, and give him such assistance from the troops in 
 the Garrison as might be neccessary. He wishes to take 
 twenty bushels of potatoes and expects by autumn they will 
 yield four hundred bushels. He is also of opinion that winter 
 turnips would flourish, and that with assistance of two men 
 and the King's horse he can certainly sew from twenty to 
 thirty acres. If this meets your Excellency's approval I shall 
 give orders accordingly. (The thirty acres mentioned are 
 known to-day as the King's Garden.) 
 
 Wm. Twiss. 
 
 The Troops Suffering from Scurvy. 
 
 Sir: — 
 
 I have the honor to acquaint your Excellency that Lieu- 
 tenant Kenneth McKenzie of Sir John Johnson Corps died 
 here suddenly on the 7th Inst, on the day before one man of 
 the Chasseurs, and your Excellency will perceive by the en- 
 closed Return that their number of sick is considerably in- 
 creased and the scurvy is the only complaint. They have used 
 the Hemlock for some time past, and as a few herbs begin 
 to make their appearence, I hope they will soon mend by the 
 help of them, and fish, which we now get in abundance, 
 
 I have the honor &c 
 
 Alec Eraser. 
 
 General Haldimand Distressed by the Dissensions between 
 the Officers on Carleton Island. 
 
 I am much distressed at the many differences which have 
 arisen amongst the officers on Carleton Island, because I am 
 sure they have been the means of Retarding the King's Ser- 
 vice and I am sorry the present situation of affairs will not 
 allow me to assemble a General Court Martial immediately 
 
 45 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 to inquire into the Particulars, but if possible, one shall meet 
 at Niagara in a short time for that necessary purpose. 
 
 General Haldimand to Captain Aubrey, May 1st, 1779. 
 
 Captain Aubrey was ordered to Niagara, with officers and 
 men of the 47th regiment. 
 
 Captain George McDougall was Placed in Command at 
 Carleton Island, Arriving there May 9th. 
 
 Quebec, April 29, 1779. 
 
 Orders and Instructions to Captain George Macdugal of 
 the Royal High Land Emigrants who is hereby directed to 
 take command of the Fort Vessels, Officers and Troops who 
 now are or hereafter may be sent to Carleton Island. It is 
 your duty to be particularly careful that only such provisions 
 are issued on this Island as are consistent with former orders 
 should you receive any applications, from any merchants for 
 ground to build upon you may allow them to do it in Mer- 
 chants Point, provided they keep on the low ground, and 
 the engineer says it does not interfere with the defences of the 
 Fort, but you are to be very particular in informing all per- 
 sons who either have already l)uilt, or may build in future, 
 that no terms of possession or any plea whatever shall ever 
 make any part of Carleton Island be considered as private 
 property, l)ut the whole must entirely belong to the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 I wish to indulge the Naval officers, seamen and their ar- 
 tificers with the whole of Government Point for gardens, but 
 they are not in any way to interfere with any part of the 
 ground necesary for Public store houses, timber yards, &c. 
 Gardens for the officers and troops may be established in 
 other different parts of the Island. 
 
 F. Haldimand. 
 
 Capt. McDugal. 
 
 46 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 I am indebted to Mrs. Corbctt, a daughter of tlie late- 
 Judge J. F. Pringle, who has kindly furnished me extracts 
 from an orderly book kept at Fort Haldimand, on ("arleton 
 Island during the Revolutionary War. The record belonged 
 to an ancestor. 
 
 The First Order is : 
 
 "Garrison Orders. 
 
 Fort Haldimand, May 14-, 1779. 
 
 "Parole, Coldingham; Countersign, Berwick. 
 
 The ffuards for the future to consist of an officer for the 
 day, one sergeant, two corporals and fourteen private men." 
 
 On the 16th of May, it is ordered 
 
 "That the corporal at the east end of the island is to be 
 careful and keep a good lookout, and keep no fires by night 
 nor more than one of them to sleep at a time, as its appre- 
 hended, a scouting party of the rebels is on the opposite side 
 of the river, and they will endeavor to surprise them if possi- 
 ble. If they observe anything like an enemy, they are to 
 abandon their post and return to the garrison. No soldier 
 should be sent to that guard but young and active men." 
 
 The order of May 17th, 1789, directs : 
 
 "That every man of the Royal Regiment of New York is 
 to be in the garrison ; the keys to be given to the commanding 
 officer every night at tattoo beating. 
 
 Carleton Island, May ^4>, 1779. 
 "Parole, Niagara; Countersign, Detroit. 
 
 "The Royal Highland Emigrants are to take the guard 
 to-morrow. Every man off duty is to be on parade to-mor- 
 row morning at 6 o'clock, to work and forward the public 
 
 ■4-7 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 works as fast as possible, in order to put the garrison in a 
 proper position of defence. 
 
 "Officer of the day, tomorrow. Ensign Prentise. 
 
 "The men of the Royal Yorkers, employed as artificers, 
 are to join the artificers to-morrow morning." 
 
 By order of 28th May, 17T9, 
 
 "Lieut. David Smith of the Royal Highland Emigrants, 
 is appointed Adjutant to the garrison, and Sergeant Dagg, 
 of the Royal Highland Emigrants, is appointed Sergeant- 
 Ma j or for the garrison." 
 
 "On occasion of an alarm, the troops in garrison are im- 
 mediately to repair to tlicir alarm posts. 
 
 "The Royal Highland Emigrants alarm post to be from 
 the north-east bastion to the artillery Hut. 
 
 "The Royal Yorkers alarm post is from the west bastion 
 to their own barracks. The alarm post for the engineers de- 
 partment, and the artificers is from the artillery hut to the 
 Yorker's barracks. 
 
 "The shipwrights and carpenters belonging to the naval 
 department, when the alarm is given, are to immediately re- 
 pair to the fort to man the great guns, and to receive their 
 orders from Captain Shanks." 
 
 Garrison orders, June the 3rd, 1779 : 
 
 "The .Royal Highland Emigrants and Royal Yorkers are 
 to fire three volleys at 12 o'clock tomorrow, in honor of His 
 Majesty's birthday. The artillery are to fire seven great 
 guns, and to be answered by the ships in the harbour by seven 
 each, the whole twenty-one." 
 
 June 6th, 1779: 
 
 "A garrison court-martial ordered. Captain Anderson, 
 president ; Lieut. McDonnell, Ensign IMcDonnell, Lieut. Dam- 
 burgess, Lieut. McKenzie, members." 
 
 By the order of the 3rd of December, 1779, dram sellers 
 
 48 
 
rHK » OMPAW Ol 
 
 
 W. H. r It INK; ) 
 
 ». N. KSSKI.STVN, S 
 
 ^1 
 
 New Year's Ball Invitation. 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 are strictly forbidden to sell any kinds of spirituous liquor 
 to the soldiers, without an order in writing from an officer. 
 
 In the autumn of 1779, the officers received new clothing 
 from England, and In^ the order of the 1st of December, 
 1779, the Colonel recommends them to put themselves under 
 stoppages to reimburse Mr. Blackburn, by whom the cloth- 
 ing was sent out. They are also recommended to preserve 
 the new uniforms till the regiment appears in their new cloth- 
 ing. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1780, a regimental order was issued, 
 directing- — 
 
 "That a return of the arms and accountrements lost on 
 the late expedition under the command of Sir John Johnson, 
 he sent to the adjutant without loss of time, the return to be 
 signed by the officers commanding companies." 
 
 The expedition referred to in this order must be the one 
 made by Sir John Johnson with about five hundred men in 
 May, 1780, when he removed his famil}^ plate and papers 
 from the places where they had been concealed. It is men- 
 tioned as having been successful. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM CANADIAN ARCHIVES— 
 HALDIMAND PAPERS, 
 
 Series B., Vol. 158, P. 128. 
 
 Sir John Johnson's Account of his Raid in the 
 Mohawk Valley. 
 
 Sir, — I have the honor to report to j^our Excellency the 
 arrival of the troops and Indians under my command at this 
 place. We arrived at the settlement, within five miles of John- 
 son Hall, on the 21st of last month, in the evening, previous 
 to which I had made known to the Indians the plan I wished 
 
 51 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 to pursue, and I thouo-ht I had little reason to doubt their 
 joining heartily in it, but upon assemblying them to obtain 
 their final answer, I was not a little mortified to find them 
 totally averse to it, or even to a division of their body. I 
 therefore found myself under the disagreeable necessity of 
 adopting their plan, which was for them to proceed to Tripe's 
 Hill, within a mile and a half of Fort Johnson, while the 
 troops under my command were to march by Johnstown to 
 Caghnawaga ; where the whole were to join and proceed up 
 the river to the nose, and from thence to Stone Arabia. We 
 accordingly proceeded, and met at the house of Dow Fonda, 
 at Caghnawaga, destroying all before us as we marched 
 along. From thence we proceeded to within a mile of the 
 nose, where a halt was found absolutely necessary, the troops 
 and Indians being much fatigued and in want of refreshment, 
 having marched from six in the morning of the 21st till ten 
 in the morning the day following. Some of the Indians and 
 Rangers continued burning and laying waste everything be- 
 fore them, till they got above the nose. Most of inhabitants 
 fled to the opposite shore with their best effects, securing 
 their boats, which prevented their crossing the river. After the 
 men were sufficiently rested and refreshed, I proposed to mov- 
 ing on to Stone Arabia, to which the Indians objected, alleg- 
 ing that the troops, as well as themselves were too much fa- 
 tigued to proceed any further, and that the inhabitants were 
 all fled into their forts with their effects, and that there was 
 nothing left but empty houses, which were not worth the 
 trouble of going to burn ; indeed, many of them moved off 
 with their plunder, with which they all loaded before I knew 
 their intentions. I therefore found myself under the necessity 
 of following them. We burned several houses on our return 
 to Johnstown, where we arrived about one o'clock the same 
 day. After providing provisions, etc., we marched back by 
 the same route we came to the Scotch Settlement. The num- 
 ber of houses, barns, mills, etc., burnt, amounts to about one 
 hundred and twenty. The Indians, contrary to my expec- 
 
 52 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 tatioiis, killed only eleven men among them Colonel Fisher, 
 Captain Fisher, and another hrother, of what rank I know 
 not. The prisoners taken amounted to twenty-seven. Four- 
 teen of them I suffered to return, being either too old or too 
 young to march, and I was induced by the earnest desire of 
 the loyal families left behind to set at liberty two of the prin- 
 cipal prisoners we had taken, in order to protect them from 
 the violence of the people, which they most solemnly promised 
 to do ; and in order to make them pay the utmost attention 
 to their engagements, I assured them that the rest of the 
 prisoners should be detained as hostages for the performance 
 of this promise. I also sent a Capt. Veeder back in exchange 
 for Lieut. Singleton, of my regiment, which I hope will meet 
 with your Excellency's approbation. Vast quantities of flour 
 bread, Indian corn, and other provisions, were burnt in the 
 houses and mills, and a great number of arms, cash, etc. ; 
 many cattle were killed, and about seventy horses brought 
 off. One hundred and forty-three Loyalists, and a number 
 of women and children, with about thirty blacks (male and 
 female), came off^ with us. Seventeen of the latter belong to 
 Colon Claus, Johnson and myself. Some are claimed by white 
 men and Indians, who are endeavoring to dispose of them ; 
 I should therefore be glad to have your Excellency's direc- 
 tions concerning them. I enclose your Excellency the only 
 papers I could procure with sundry letters, which will show 
 the early intelligence they had of our approach. I must 
 leave to refer your Excellency to Captain Scott for further 
 particulars, and beg you will excuse this imperfect account 
 of our proceedings. I shall transmit exact returns of the 
 Loyalists and Indians from the Mohawk village, who have 
 come in, by the next post. I beg leave to recommend my 
 cousin. Ensign Johnson, to your Excellency for the vacancy 
 in the 47th, if not pre-engaged, as he was of great service 
 in preventing the Indians from committing man}^ irregulari- 
 ties, Avhich I was very apprehensive of, and he has been prom- 
 ised the first vacancy. I must also beg your Excellency will 
 be pleased to grant a flag for the relief of the families left in 
 
 53 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Tryon County who may choose to come into this Province, 
 which is most earnestly wished for by their husbands and 
 parents. I have the honor to be, with great respect. 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 INIost obedient and 
 
 Most humble servant, 
 
 John Johnson. 
 His Excellency, 
 
 General Haldimand. 
 
 A Description of the Uniform Worn by the Royal 
 Yorkers and the Royal Highland Emigrants. 
 
 Capt. Samuel Anderson, commanded the Light Infantry 
 Company of the first battalion, of Sir John Johnson's regi- 
 ment, called "The King's Royal Regiment of New York," 
 also known as the Royal Yorkers. The battalion was sta- 
 tioned at Carleton Island, and with a portion of the Royal 
 Highland Emigrants and some of the Royal Artillery, 
 formed the garrison at that place. 
 
 Dr. Caniff states that Sir John Johnson's regiment were 
 also called "The Royal Greens." On the first formation of 
 the corps the uniform may have been green, but at a sub- 
 sequent period it was scarlet. The uniform worn by Lieut. 
 Jeremiah French, of the second battalion, is still in existence, 
 carefully preserved by his grand-daughter, Mrs. Knight, now 
 living at Cornwall, Ontario. The coat is of scarlet cloth, 
 with blue facings and gold lace, a small epaulette of gold 
 fringe on each shoulder. The buttons are gilt, with the let- 
 ters and words, "K. R. R., New York," stamped on them. 
 The dress waistcoat is scarlet with gilt buttons. The undress 
 waistcoat and breeches are of white cloth. 
 
 In the year 1778, the regiment, known as the Royal High- 
 land Emigrants, was numbered the 8"fcth. The uniform was 
 
 54 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 the full Highland garb with purse of raccoon skin. The of- 
 ficers wore the broad-sword and dirk, and the men a half- 
 basket sword. 
 
 LIEUT. BAKER TO CAPT. AUBREY. 
 A Description of Irondequoit Bay. 
 
 Ox BOARD THE CaLDWELL, 9 OF MaY 1779. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Agreeable to the desire of Capt Brehm I have proceeded 
 to sound the river and enterence of Irondequet. And on ex- 
 amming and Sounding the said River and Enterence, I find 
 it unfit for an}- kind of vessel to enter with it except Bat- 
 teauxes. The .River is about four Hundred yards in Breadth 
 and two Fathoms deep in the Channal. The Banks of the 
 River is hio:h on both sids. Near the Mouth on the inside 
 lyes a little low Island that divides the water and stops a 
 great many floating Trees in the way, that between this 
 Island and the tv;o points on each Sid that there is not more 
 then thirty feet in Breath for the water to run out at. The 
 enterence is forty foot in Breadth and five in Depth which 
 runs thro between two long low Sandy Points that project 
 out from the High Sand about one mile. About fifty yards 
 from the Eastermost Point of Land lys the Bar adjoining 
 to the Westermost Point and extends to the Eastward about 
 one hundred yards in length with no more then two feet water 
 on it, which turns the Course of the little curant that runs 
 nut Close along by the side of the East shore. This Barr is 
 about sixteen feet in Breadth and all Sand. This River lies 
 abou^ forty five miles W by S of Oswego and about seventy 
 W S W of Carleton Island. 
 
 Wm Baker, Lieut 
 Commanding the Sloop Caldwell. 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Account of sundry goods in possession of Robert Ma- 
 
 Cauley, Carleton Island, 20th April 1780. 
 
 300 Gallons of Rum 
 
 4 Quarter Casks port wine 
 
 2 Bales Blankets 1 Cask Smail Shott assorted 
 
 1 Ditto Strouds 1 Ditto Ball For 
 
 1 Trunk Irish linen 3 Barrels Gunpowder Indian 
 
 1 Bale course Cloth 1 Case containing 6 Guns Trade 
 
 2 Cwt Tea 
 
 1 Bale Sundry Articles 
 
 Robert MaCauley. 
 
 "Among the refugees here during the war was Mr. Ma- 
 Cauley." — Dr. CanaifF's History of Upper Canada. 
 
 The Notorious \A^alter Butler and Joseph Brant at 
 Carleton Island. 
 
 Agreeable to your Excellency's directions I have made ev- 
 ery Inquiry I could in order to Inform myself of such ac- 
 counts relative to the Enemy as may be depended on, but no 
 arrivals from Niagara since Major Butlers last to your Ex- 
 cellency, puts it out of my power to give any further particu- 
 lars of the Inemy at the Tuskarawas or other matters from 
 that quarter. A prisoner brought in from Fort Stanwix by 
 Lieut Hare of the Indian Department informs that the Reb- 
 els have but three hundred men at that Post. We are further 
 informed by him that a body of the Enemy went down the 
 Oneida Lake in Batteaux and landed at this end of the Lake 
 and marched to the Onondagoe Village, where they found 
 about thirty souls, mostly women and children of that Nation 
 and led them into Captivity. Among the number I fear they 
 have taken a child of Joseph Brants. This stroke of theirs 
 has every appearance as if they intend to take hold of Oswe- 
 goe for by having those Indians in their hands, they con- 
 jecture the Indians will not presume to molest them in such 
 an enterprise, in my humble opinion their will have a great 
 effect on the Indians either by enraging or intimidateing 
 them. Whatever effect it may have, I hope it may not be 
 
 56 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 tlic latter. Joseph is here with me and is much distressed 
 al)out liis Child. The Chiefs from Canada sent by your Ex- 
 cellency to the Oncidas are here likewise, and are to go up 
 with me in the Vessel to Niagara. We have been waiting 
 four days for a fair wind. I am sorry to hear one Killbuck, 
 a Chief among the Showanoes and Delewares has Joined the 
 Rebels at Fort Pitt and those parts, this Indian is a good 
 Warrior and may be of great hurt to us tho I hope the Belts 
 sent by the five Nations to the Indians dwelling thereabouts 
 may have a good effect and bring him and others to there 
 Dut3^ There is no foundation for the report of the enemy 
 liaving been at Oswagoe and by what the prisoner says was 
 there any talk among them of such an intention as their tak- 
 ing Post there. Lieut Hare is at present out with a party 
 of Indians towards Oswagoe who is to return here, by him 
 we will learn if any movments are made that way. 
 
 Captain Butler to General Haldimand, May 10, 1779. 
 
 Total Strength in May, 1779, as reported by 
 Capt. McDougall. 
 
 Regt. 
 
 Distribution -g^ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 .if 
 
 c 
 
 as 
 1 1 
 
 R. Artillery 
 
 Present for duty 
 Sick present 
 
 
 
 
 Royal Yorkers 
 
 Total 
 Present for duty 2 
 Sick present 
 Volunteers 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 79 
 
 Total 2 2 S 
 
 From the General Hospital 
 
 Total Strength 2 2 2 
 
 Return of a Scouting Party with Scalps, also an Alarm 
 From Indications of the Presence of Rebels. 
 
 A party of tlie Mussisagas Consisting of twelve Warriors 
 
 57 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 sent out on a Scout towards the Mowhawk river, twelve Days 
 ago by Capt Aubrey has returned with six scalps : they took 
 two prisoners, but being pursued by the Rebels were oblidged 
 to kill them to save themselves as they say. This party also 
 informed me they saw a good many fresh tracts not far from 
 this Island. I immediately sent out and ordered all the Dif- 
 ferent partys, such as shingle makers and Avood cutters to 
 come into the Garrison at night, and so acquaint the Small 
 Guard that kept a lookout on the East end of the Island to be 
 alert, and to keep no fire by night, this Guard consists of one 
 Corporal and two men, is relieved every morning at eight 
 o'clock and this morning as usual. But they not returning 
 to the Garrison, I sent to the Guard to see what was the 
 reason as I was apprehensive that both Guards were taken 
 prisoners : But found the new Guard at their post, who had 
 relieved the old Guard and saw them a good way off return- 
 ing to the Garrison, but they not coming in, must either be 
 taken prisoners or Deserted, but should Imagine they were 
 taken. I have sent a party of Indians to see if they can find 
 their tracks, and if so, to follow and try to come up with 
 them, as I am weak in men, I have ordered all the Artificers 
 to sleep in the Garrison. 
 
 So soon as I have a Gun Boat ready I shall Send her to 
 the Lower end of the Island to Keep a Lookout in place of 
 the Small Guard. 
 
 Captain McDougall to Gen'l. Haldimand, May 16, 1779. 
 
 The Indians Troublesome. 
 
 I wish your Excellency wovild be pleased to give me orders 
 Regarding the Savages, they are Exceedingly troublesome, 
 perpetually wanting provisions and every kind of neces 
 sarys, and more so since Captain Erasers arrival at Oswe- 
 gatchie as they Complain much that they dont Get as much 
 here as he Gives them there, neither are they ready and will- 
 ing to be imployed. 
 
 Captain McDougall to General Haldimand, May 26, 1779. 
 
 58 
 
Cape V incent and its History 
 Instructions to Guard the Island from Insults. 
 
 Quebec 31st May 1799. 
 Captain Macdougall, 
 Sir, 
 
 I have received yours of the 16th May and am extremely 
 sorry for the accident that has happened to one of your out 
 Guards and you will perceive by my former letters my ap- 
 prehensions that the Rebel Indians would attempt a stroke 
 of this sort. 
 
 Lieut Twiss has sent to the Engineer at your Post, In- 
 structions Relative to securing any out Guards that may be 
 necessary from Suprise and also immediately to make a sub- 
 stantial and well formed Abbatis round your Fort, agree- 
 able to Original Plan and I desire you to forward these 
 services to the utmost of 3^our Power. Your late Misfortune 
 will naturally double ^^our Dilligence to guard your Island 
 and Garrison from Insults and if necessary you must cut 
 down the rushes that Ly between you and the Continent or 
 at least beat them down with Batteaux &c, so as they may 
 not afford an hiding place for Canoes &c. I mention this as 
 one precaution amongst a great num}:)er, which will naturally 
 occur if 3^ou employ yourself in continually studying the 
 advantages and Disadvantages of your Situation. 
 
 I am &c 
 
 Fred Haldimaxd. 
 General Haldimand to Captain McDougall. 
 
 Scouting Parties Sent to Reconnoitre Before the Gates 
 are Opened. 
 
 I received your Excellency's letter dated May 4th, Direct- 
 ing me to be watchful and vigelent, in Guarding aganist any 
 surprise the Enemy may attempt. I am happy to acquaint 
 your Excellency that I took the precaution, the Day after I 
 took the Command of this post, to send out a Scouting party 
 
 61 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 every morning to reconnoitre the island })cfore I opened the 
 Gates and shall continue so to do : and I can assure your Ex- 
 cellency I think it impossible to surprise me. I have made 
 a strong Abettie Round the Garrison, which I .Reckon to be 
 full as strong as the fort is at present against a storm or 
 surprise. All the trees and brush wood one hundred and 
 twenty yards from the Abettie is put in heaps ready for 
 burning, and will begin with that necessary piece of work to- 
 morrow : Till the arrival of my Company here I never went 
 to bed in the night, as I placed but little confidence in the 
 Garrison. I then had, and tho' by Example and precept 
 showed the necessity of Every Officer assisting me in Carry- 
 ing on the King's service, and I am sorry to acquaint your 
 Excellency I was obliged to Give Repeated orders before I 
 was properly Obey'd. But by the example of Lieut Dam- 
 bourges and Smith of my Company, every one takes their 
 part of the fatigue, with seeming pleasure and satisfaction, 
 and everything goes on as well as I could wish, and I 
 flatter myself will not be troubled with any complaints. If 
 your Excellency intends to send any more of the "Highland 
 Emigrants" to this Post to finish the works, I should be glad 
 if the french Company were sent, as they are good ax men 
 and exceeding Good Workers at every kind of Labor. I beg 
 your Excellency will excuse me for taking the liberty of point- 
 ing them out, as its my ardent Desire to have the Works 
 finished as soon as possible. The Royl Yorkers begins to 
 Recover fast, and I am Getting every Day stronger and more 
 work done. Lieut Clany arrived here this Day from Niagara 
 on his way to Montreal. I shall stop him to settle his ac- 
 counts, and I shall take his advice in Carrying on the Works 
 here, till the arrival of the Engineer, as I have no notion of 
 his ]\lajestys service suffering for triffles he may be in arrest 
 for, but shall not presume to take him out of his arrest. But 
 I am certain he will assist me for the Good of the service. On 
 the arrival of Lieut Dambourges I appointed him assistant 
 Engineer till the arrival of Captn Twist, which I hope your 
 
 62 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Excellency will approve of, he is a Dilligent Good Officer and 
 one I can put faith and Confidence in. I have given your Ex- 
 cellency's oi'der in Writing to jNlr. McLean to serve no more 
 to the Seamen and Artificei's than the field Rations he has 
 served out once to them and I have heard no complaint. I 
 have no accounts from Eort Stanwix as none of the Scouting 
 partj^s have as Yet Returned. 
 
 Captain McDougall to Gen'l Haldimand, June 2nd, 1779. 
 
 A Prisoner from Fort Stanwix. 
 
 The Scouting party I sent out fifteen Days ago is this mo- 
 ment Returned with a prisoner they took at Fort Stanwix 
 cutting wood, he is a soldier belonging to that post and says 
 the Rebels have six hundred not including one hundred Ar- 
 tillery men most of which are french from Boston, and that 
 have above three hundred Gun Boats and others at Schana- 
 kedy Coming up that way to go on an Expedition but when 
 he does not know. I have sent him down to Montreal to be 
 delivered to the Commanding officer there. 
 
 Captain McDougall to General Haldimand, June 3rd, 
 1779. 
 
 Supplies for the Upper Post Not to be Shipped until 
 Further Orders. 
 
 Series B. Vol. 128, p. 23. 
 
 Quebec June 10th, 1779. 
 Sir, 
 
 Judging that the quantity^ of Merchandize already for- 
 warded to Niagara, Detroit etc. is full}^ sufficient to answer 
 every good purpose to Government, you will observe that no 
 Merchant Goods whatever are until further orders embarked 
 from Carleton Island to the upper posts, except such as ma}'' 
 be innnediately directed or intended for the use of the King's 
 officers and Soldiers employed in those places a particular 
 
 63 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 account of which will in future always be sent signed by 
 Lieut Col Bolton the commanding officer at Niagara. 
 
 I am &c 
 
 Fred Haldimand. 
 Gen'l. Haldimand to Capt. McDougall. 
 
 Route Taken by the Enemy from Carleton Island to 
 Fort Stanwix. 
 
 I wrote your Excellency the 2nd Inst. I then acquainted 
 your Excellency that I had fitted out a Gunboat and Kept 
 her as a Guard at the South East end of the Island. But 
 on the arrival of Capt Schanks he and I thought it would be 
 better to send down the small Row Galley that was built at 
 Niagara last Winter in place of the Gun Boat, and employ 
 the Gun Boat in Escorting the provisions from Oswegatchie 
 to this place, as we were informed the Rebels had three or 
 four Scouting partys of Indians sent against this post and 
 Oswegatchie and if they could not do any mischief against 
 these posts they might cut off the provision Brigades, which 
 would be very Detrimental to the Service. I also keep a 
 Reconnoitreing party every morning through the Island 
 before I open the Gates of the fort and also employ the 
 Savages to scour the Island three or four times a day, but 
 after all the precautions I have taken, one of the Rebel 
 Scouts have taken an Artillery Soldier and a negro man the 
 11th inst. that was bringing in wood for the Carpenters, 
 not five hundred yards from the fort, about an hour after 
 the Reconnoitreing party returned to the Garrison. I find 
 it almost impossible to stop them from Committing those De- 
 predations while I have Indian on the Island who are friends 
 and allowing such things to be done so close by themselves. 
 I have had all their chiefs together and told them if they were 
 not upon the Island I would Defy the enemy from taking a 
 man from me as it was impossible to know them from the en- 
 
 64 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 emj's Indians, they seemed to be very sorry for what had 
 happened and promised that nothing of the kind should 
 happen for tlie future, and if I shall lose one man more, I 
 should accuse the Misshesagas and say it was them had 
 carried liim off, but theirs no Dependence to be put in them. 
 I am credibly informed that the night Lieut Houghton's 
 party lay here, on their return from Fort Stanwix, there was 
 two of the enemys Indians along with his party all night 
 and only left them an hour before the party went from this. 
 I also acquainted liieut Houghton of the same he made 
 answer it might be so there's no stopping such things, and 
 my opinion is the enemy Indians allow Our Indians to take 
 prisoners from the enemy and Ours do the same, as they did 
 last War. I know nothing of the Soldier and Negro being in 
 the woods, but if I had should have thought there was no dan- 
 ger as my Reconnoitreing party returned to the Garrison at 
 Eight o'clock and the Soldier and Negro was taken at nine. 
 I can assure your Excellency that Captain Shanks and my- 
 self Does everything thats in our power to prevent such like 
 accidents, and also carrying on the King's Works to advan- 
 tage with the men we have here. I have wrote to Col. Cam- 
 bell and also to Capt Eraser, to send me an interpreter for 
 the Misshesagas if possible, as the one I have is almost 
 good for notliing and I cannot make the Indians understand 
 what I wish to have them do, therefore have it not in my 
 power to employ them to advantage, there's a great many 
 here above seventy Warriors and more than a hundred and 
 fifty women and children. The Warriors all want to be 
 cmplo^^ed. 
 
 I have sent off two partys one with Lieut McDougall of 
 Sir John Johnstone Corp and thirty men from this Garrison 
 to a -pass called Rocky River, about forty miles from this 
 to waylay the Rebel Scouts Thats taken a Soldier from Oswe- 
 gatchie, and also if possible to get ahead of the party that 
 took the men from this Island, as thats tlic Rout the enemy 
 takes both Coining and Going -from this to Fort Stanwix 
 
 65 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 as Capt Fraser has informed me and has Recommended my 
 sending off this party- 
 
 Capt. McDougall to General Haldimand, June 12th, 1779. 
 
 Complaining of the Indians. 
 
 I apprehended that Capt Fraser of the 3-ith Regt or some 
 other officer of tlie Indian Department would be very service- 
 able here. The Indians being almost intollerable greedy and 
 importunate and prehaps some mistake may happen in the 
 management of them. Lieut McDonald with four men of 
 Sir John Johnsons Regt and twenty Indians have set out 
 from hence yesterday upon a Scout, they intend to seperate 
 into two parties when they get near Fort Stanwix, one party 
 to go towards that Fort and the other to the Mohawk River. 
 Since writing the above I have the honor to receive your Ex- 
 cellencies letter of the 21st last month by which I am happy to 
 understand that Mr. Lamotte is to be sent here for the man- 
 agement of the Indians. Every necessary assistance and 
 Care respecting these people shall on our part be given him. 
 
 Major Nairne to General Haldimand, July 7th, 1779. 
 
 Return of Iron Guns Brought from Oswegatchie to Carleton 
 Island, 6th July, 1779. 
 
 (Canadian Archives Series B. Vol. 127, p. 68.) 
 
 Nature Brought To be brought Total 
 
 18 Pdrs 7 7 14^ 
 
 12 " 3 2 5 
 
 9 " 2 2 
 
 6 " 4 4 
 
 16 9 
 
 John Nairne. 
 66 
 
Cape \"incent and its History 
 
 Captain McDougall, probably relieved and Major Nairne 
 appointed to tlic Connnand at Carleton Island. 
 
 Molly Brant Spends the W^inter at Carleton Island. 
 
 I have not the least fresh Intelligence to give your Excel- 
 lency from this place, the uncommon depth of the snow and 
 constant severity of the weather obliged every Scout we sent 
 out to return without being able to reach the settlements and 
 continually employed round the place for the secui'ity of the 
 Garrison and the Indians not only did this service with cheer- 
 fulness and punctuality but have behaved better in every re- 
 spect than ever I knew so great a number of them to do before. 
 The extraordinary attention which Captain Tice and the 
 other Indian officers paid to their duty had this desirable 
 effect. The Chiefs were earful to keep their people sober and 
 satisfj^ed but their uncommon good behavior is in a great 
 measure to be ascribed to Miss Molly Brants influence over 
 them, which is far superior to that of all their Chiefs put to- 
 gether and she has in the course of the winter done every- 
 thing in her poAver to maintain them strongl}^ in the King's 
 interests, and tho' she is insatiable in her demands for her 
 own family, yet I believe her residence here has been a con- 
 siderable saving to Government as she checked the demands 
 of others both for presents and provisions. 
 
 I found it impossible to purchase venison in sufficient quanti- 
 ties to be issued to the Troops as rations unless on terms very 
 disadvantageous to Govt, and at the risk of giving discon- 
 tent to part of the Garrison. I however purchased some for 
 the use of the sick Indians and our own Hospital. The 
 Troops have been pretty well supplied with fresh meat by the 
 Indians, and I believe there would have been so much Venison 
 brought in as would have almost entirely saved the salt Provn 
 were it not that mr Des Moulins is suffered to trade in the 
 woods, for as long as the Indians are supplied there with 
 Rum, they will never take the trouble of carrying in their 
 
 67 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 meat. I am sorry that my duty obliges me to mention to 
 your Excellency any circumstance that may effect Mr. 
 DesJMoulins Interests, as he is a man very much esteemed 
 by every person that knows him. As the Indians pre- 
 fer Bread to Flour they are in general served at all 
 the Posts in the latter article and only receive pound for 
 pound. I thought a considerable saving coud be made to 
 Government by employing a Baker which I have accordingly 
 done in the following footing, for seven pounds flour 
 he gives nine and a half pounds bread on being paid 
 one penny Hallifax Curr'y for his trouble, and upon an 
 avarage I find flour saved in store to the value of 13 Stirling 
 pr week, and at Posts where a great number of Indians 
 are victualled it must be very considerable if attended 
 to. There not being occasion for the services of all the 
 Indians during the winter, they were encouraged to keep out 
 a hunting, but stationed so as to discover any movements of 
 the enemy toward the Post, and every other possible precau- 
 tion was used for our security. A very strong Abbatis was 
 laid without the former one round the Fort with traverse Ab- 
 batis between both, another very strong Abbatis thrown round 
 the Shipping and Naval Stores, with a block house mounting 
 three guns for the defence of the new Vessel and the Naval 
 Barr'ks. There has been a considerable quantity of pickets 
 brought into the Garrison in case they should be wanted, 
 lour eighteen pounders were mounted besides those formerly 
 on the Ramparts and new carriages made for six of the other 
 guns, the old ones being unserviceable — the Shipyard and 
 Engineers Department supply'd with timber — the works 
 kept clear of snow and water supply'd with every other pre- 
 caution to guard against accident by fire. 
 
 Your Excellency will perceive that so much work must 
 have been very burthensome to the Detachment of the 34th 
 Regt and Royals Yorkers, and I flatter myself it will be sat- 
 isfactory to your Excellency to hear that they supported it 
 with the greatest chearfulness and good will and that noth- 
 
 68 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ing could surpass the attention paid by both officers and 
 men (as well of the Chasseaurs as the other Corps), to all 
 duties with Arms. Care was taken to keep the Hospital and 
 Barracks constantly clean which I hope contributed as well 
 as the Surgeons endeavors to the healthfulness of the Garri- 
 son. The public works have been carried on with great dilli- 
 gence and Lieut Damborgess conduct deserves particularly 
 to be mentioned. The people in Civil employ and the Mci'- 
 ch'ts have offered to take a considerable share of the duty 
 by patrolling all night round the Garrison and shipping &c 
 until the ice breaks up. As they was no Adjt for any of the 
 Corps here Lt Wingrove of the Stfcth did that duty for the 
 Garrison besides doing his own as subaltern. He had much 
 trouble in executing the foremen duty owing to the different 
 Corps and Departments which compose our strength. I shoud 
 therefore be happy if your Excellency woud be pleased 
 to make him any allowance. He has made no application to 
 me for any such favor, but if his merit was particularly 
 Known to your Excellency I am certain it woud strongly 
 second my request. There was also a man employed as 
 Sergt Major who had a good deal of trouble and behaved 
 well. Capt. Andrews excellent Character is I am persuaded 
 well known to your Excellency, which must make it of course 
 unnecessary for me to mention his constant zeal to promote 
 the service. I have no dou])t but it will be stisfactory to 
 your Excellency to be informed that tho' Ave are composed 
 of all Nations, of all Colours, and of all professions, there has 
 not been during this Winter the smallest disagreement be- 
 tween any two Individuals on the Island. We have not the 
 least intelligence from the upper Posts. 
 I have the honor to be with much respect 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Your Excellcncys 
 Most humble and 
 Most obedient Servt 
 
 Ai.R Eraser, 
 
 71 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Captain Alex Fraser to General Haldimand, P'eb. 21st, 
 1780. (Captain Fraser succeeded Major Nairne.) 
 
 The Head of the Island called Government Point. 
 
 I shall depend upon you to see that the following Regula- 
 tions are complied with as far as circumstances at present 
 permit, and that as soon as the Commanding Engineer has 
 finally determined the respective Boundaries agreeable to the 
 orders I shall give him for that purpose, that you prevent the 
 least encroachment or deviation from the Plan he lays down, 
 but if you then judge any improvement can be made, you 
 must obtain my approbation before it takes place. No part 
 of the head or Neck of Land which lies under the Fort and 
 is called "Government Point" shall be deemed in any respect 
 private property, nor shall any house Hut or Stable built 
 thereon, be sold, because I propose that the whole of this 
 Ground shall be appropriated for lodging the Artificers be- 
 longing to the Naval and Engineers Department and the 
 Commanding Engineer shall have orders to lay it out during 
 the Spring so as to form Commodious Work Shops, Saw Pits 
 Timber Yards Rope Walks, &c for both these Departments, 
 after which Provision Stores are to be bviilt in the best situa- 
 tion for enabling the Commissary to Carry on the Transport, 
 with the greatest Expedition possible, and for this purpose 
 the Commissary of Transport will be quartered as near the 
 same spot, as is convenient, but every other part of Govern- 
 ment Point after these services are provided for, must be 
 given up entirely to the officers and Seamen belonging to the 
 Naval Department, and all officers, commissarys &c belong- 
 ing to the Garrison must have their Gardens and whatever 
 other convenience you may think proper to allow them, in 
 some other part of the Island. 
 
 General Haldimand to Captain Fraser, April 10th. 
 
 72 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Goods belonging to Thos Robison, Mercht, Niagara. 
 
 NoAv laying at Carleton Island April 20th, 1780, 
 
 20 Bales Blankets different Posts 
 16 Bales Strouds 
 
 7 Bales Moltons, 
 
 4 Cases Indian Guns 
 20 Boxes Shot and Ball 
 16 Half Barrels Gun powder 
 
 3 Cases Linens 
 
 2 Chests Beads 
 
 2 Casks Knives and other small articles 
 
 3 Serons Tobacco 
 3 Boxes pipes 
 
 1300 Gallons Rum 
 700 Gallons Wine 
 
 For Thomas Robinson 
 R Hamilton. 
 
 Return of Alex Campbells Stores at Carleton Island, 20th 
 April, 1780. 
 
 Wines 
 
 64 Galls 
 
 Spirits 
 
 500 do 
 
 Shrub 
 
 50 do 
 
 Pepper 
 
 50 wt 
 
 Chocolate 
 
 50 do 
 
 Sugars 
 
 500 do 
 
 Mustard 
 
 1 Gross 
 
 Vinigar 
 
 1 Barrel 
 
 2 Bales Blankets 
 
 
 20 pes Calicoes 
 
 
 5 Pes Maltons 
 
 
 16 pes Strouds 
 
 
 2 pes spoted flanels 
 4 ps embost Serges 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 10 pes linnens 
 100 wt pouder 
 200 do shott 
 300 wt Tobacco 
 
 Alex. Campbell. 
 
 Mollie Brant Mentioned. 
 
 I am pleased that Molly Brant happened to remain at 
 your post, since you have found her so useful to you. She 
 has always been unreasonable in her demands for her own 
 family and favorites, but if by gratifying them a greater 
 Expense is avoided, it becomes tlie lesser evil, and indeed her 
 attachment has been so warm and so steady that she is de- 
 serving of attention, besides that in a political view, it is 
 necessary to keep her in temper. By this or the first oppor- 
 tunity of conveyance you will receive some Garden Seeds, 
 which you will distribute to the best advantage and Encour- 
 age as much as possible the Cultivation of all Roots and 
 Vegetables, so absolutely necessary in your situation for the 
 preservation of the Health. 
 
 Sir John Johnson to Assist the Loyalists to Escape to 
 Canada. 
 
 Having thought it cxpediant for His Majesty's Service to 
 Detach a Considerable Party, composed of Regulars, Pro- 
 vincials and Indians under the command of Sir John John- 
 son, in order to Distress the Enemy, and to give the perse- 
 cuted Loyalists an opportunity of escaping to this Province, 
 you will please to consider in which way you can best con- 
 tribute to his assistance by a cooperating Party of Indians 
 from your post (and Troops if you judge necessary and can 
 spare them). Sir John will set out, I hope, the first weelc 
 in May, will cross Lake Champlain and proceed by the 
 shortest route to Johnstown. Vou will be able nearly to 
 
 74 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 compute the time this march will take and Regulate that of 
 your Detachment accordingly, either to form a Junction with 
 him, or to extend and make more general the alarm in the 
 Enemy's country. It hcing impossible to give particulars 
 Directions upon an affair, the success of which must turn up- 
 on unknown events and circumstances. I have only to Rec- 
 ommend to you to make choice of whatever officers and men, 
 who from a knowledge of the country and other necessary 
 qualities you may think most fit for the service: but con- 
 sidering your Distance and the Danger of the .Route, I would 
 not have you send more than 20 or 30 whites, and if any of 
 the Chasseurs go, only those on whose fidelity you can rely. 
 This letter is left open for Sir John Johnson's perusal, who 
 will probably write you a fev.' lines on the same subject. 
 Captain Robertson having been directed to send frequent 
 scouts, both above and below his post for the protection of 
 the Transport of Provision, you would do well to send out 
 scouts also, between Carleton Island and Oswegatchie, in 
 such manner as will appear best for the King's service. 
 General Haldimand to Captain Fraser, April 17, 1780. 
 
 Captain Fraser Instructed to Take a Prisoner in the 
 Mohawk Valley — A Good Inhabitant Preferred. 
 
 Quebec, Sept. 1st, 1780. 
 Sir:— 
 
 Having had late accounts from the jNIohawk River, which 
 make me particularly anxious to hear further from that quar- 
 ter, you will please upon receipt of this, to dispatch a small 
 but well-chosen Scout for that purpose, and if possible to 
 take a prisoner beyond Fort Stanwix A good inhabitant 
 would be more likely to give authentic information than any 
 of their troops, and may be more easily come at in this case; 
 the prisoner taken should be well treated and kept at Carle- 
 ton Island, but the intelligence transmitted to me. 
 
 I am &c. 
 
 F. Hat.dimand. 
 
 75 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 Loss of the Ontario. 
 
 I am exceedingly sorry to inform your Excellency that the 
 new vessel — the Ontario- — is in all probability lost and every 
 person on board of her have perished, among the rest Colonel 
 Bolton, Lieut. Royce with the Detachment of the 34<th which 
 were at Niagara, Lieut. Colleton of the Royal Artillery and 
 several other Passengers together with Captain Andrews and 
 all the officers and Crew of the Vessel. She sailed on the 1st 
 List in the afternoon. A most violent storm came on the 
 same evening from the Northeast wherein she is supposed to 
 have overset or foundered near a place called golden hill, 
 about thirty miles from Niagara as her boats the Grateings 
 of her Hatchway, the Binnacle Compasses Land glasses and 
 several hats caps and different wearing apparel and blankets 
 were picked up along shore by Col. Butler on his way from 
 Oswego to Niagara. This account is brought by the Mo- 
 hawk which is just arrived from above without having made 
 any other discovery of the Ontario. 
 
 Captain Fraser to General Haldimand Nov. 8, 1780. 
 
 "The 'Ontario' a war vessel of considerable importance, 
 carrying 22 guns, was built at Carleton Island." Dr. Can- 
 ifF's History of Upper Canada. 
 
 The Enemy to Burn Vessels. 
 
 By Intelligence I have received from Various Quarters, 
 there is every reason to believe, the enemy will this winter em- 
 ploy their Emissaries to burn the vessels on Carleton Island, 
 and if possible to set Fire to your Powder, Magazine, their 
 Preservation will therefore claim your particular attention. 
 
 General Haldimand to Captain Fraser, Nov. 15, 1780. 
 
 Major Ross Placed in Command of Fort Haldimand. 
 After I had the Honor of your Excellencys orders I made 
 
 76 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 all possible dispatch for this place where I arrived the 30th 
 ult with one hundred men under my command. On my arri- 
 val I found the works — after examination — not equal in 
 strength to my expectations but I shall give every assistance 
 in my power to render them more formidable to accomplish 
 which no time shall be lost. 
 
 Major Ross to General Haldimand, Dec. 2, 1780. 
 
 A House Built for MoUie Brant. 
 
 Capt. Fraser to F. Haldimand. 
 
 Carleton Island, Dec. 13, 1780. 
 Sir: 
 
 I gave you particular directions regarding Miss Molly's 
 treatment. She has got into her new house and seems better 
 satisfied with her situation than I had ever known her before. 
 The Indians are exceedingl}^ well disposed and I committed 
 the care of them to Messrs. Crawford and Lyons who are 
 both very good officers and very honest men. They are also 
 plentifully supplied with Indian stores. 
 
 (Mary Brant's children were in school in Montreal, during 
 her residence on Carleton Island.) 
 
 Major Ross Repairs and Strengthens the Fort. 
 
 Carleton Island the 5th of January 1781 
 Sir: 
 
 By Lieut Turney of Col. Butlers Rangers who goes ex- 
 press from Niagara to Canada, I take the opportunity to 
 write your Excellency. I had the Honor to mention in my 
 last by Captain Frazer that the Fortifications of this place 
 were far from being as strong as I expected they were few 
 and Insufficient the Paropets only six feet thick Partially 
 filld with Rubbish and Stones, and in my opinion not proof 
 against cannon. I consulted with Lieut Rud3'^erd the Engi- 
 
 77 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 necr on the occasion we found it expedient to repair and 
 strengthen them before any attack could be hazarded. The 
 Troops have submitted chearfully to the liabour. I may ven- 
 ture to inform your Excellency that before the first of Feb- 
 ruary I am in no ways apprehensive of the Enemy let their 
 number be never so great. 
 
 For the Security of the Shipping and Magazines of Pro- 
 visions, a Canal is to be kept open around the Point joined 
 by a strong Abatis from the Fort at each end which I hope 
 will effectually frustrate any treacherous designs of the En- 
 emy, this from the mildness of the Season has not as yet took 
 place, as at present there is scarce any appearance of Win- 
 ter. The Reparation of the shipping seems to be carefuly 
 attended to. I have begun to distribute the Roots as Rations 
 to the contentment of all parties, the few they have conti'ib- 
 uted Greatly to the Health of the Garrison, which from the 
 openess of the season were somewhat unhealthy. 
 
 I shall as soon as possible take the necessary steps to 
 discover the nations of the Enemy. 
 
 I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect, 
 Your Exccllencys most obedient and 
 
 Most Humble Servant, 
 
 John Ross. 
 Major Ross to General Haldimand. 
 
 Lieut. Crawford Goes on a Scout to the Mohawk Valley. 
 Carletox Island 30th Januauy 1781. 
 Sir 
 
 Both of your Excellency's letters of the 6th Instant I 
 received and perused with attention your Excellencys com- 
 mands which shall be Implicitly obeyed. Your Excellency 
 does me much honor in placing Confidence in me for the de- 
 fence of this post, nothing shall be wanting on my part to 
 fulfill the trust reposed, it is my only object. I have con- 
 
H- 
 
Cape \ incent and its History 
 
 sidercd witli uiiwoart'd attention my situation and as I liad 
 the lionour to write your Excellency on my arrival, I 
 thought it Criticall but since that time having employed the 
 troops for the defense of the Fort Shipping and Stores, am 
 now in a state I think not to he stormed, I hope never to be 
 surprised. Your Excellency will please to permit me to ex- 
 ])lain in a few words the state I found this Fort in — which 
 from the circumstances of the times when it was built could 
 not be avoided — The Paropets were thin and badly fitted, the 
 Embrasures so low that it was easy to step into them, the 
 Platforms had sunk so much that the Guns were almost unser- 
 viceable, but I have now the satisfaction to inform your Ex- 
 cellency that the works are Raised and proof against Cannon 
 the Platforms made new and the Guns are mounted all which 
 has been performed in about the space of seven weeks, and 
 I have also to add that a Bomb Proof Magazine has been 
 built Abbatis made the Ditch excavated down to the Rock, 
 the whole on the point of being finished all in the time above 
 mentioned much to the credit and owing to the attention of 
 Lieut Rudyerd the Engineer. (I was favored with a letter 
 from Captain Twiss who was so kind as to write me fully 
 on the defence of this place, he points out as a primary ob- 
 ject the further excavation of the ditch which shall be at- 
 tended to, but being Rock will of course be a work of time, 
 he also mentions making some of the Buildings Bomb Proof, 
 the onlv works that are now requisite to make this Fortifi- 
 cation formidable and which may be accomplished before the 
 next winter.) Lieut Crawford left this eleven days ago on a 
 scout to the ]Mohawk River. 'Sly instructions to him were 
 conformable to your Excellency's orders, to discover the mo- 
 tions of the enemy and take prisoners for intelligence. He 
 is a prudent active and Vigilant officer. I have much confi- 
 dence in him. Lieut Arden at all times eager to be useful 
 in the line of his profession, requested to accompany him 
 which I consented to. I'm much beheld to him for his great 
 attention to the Battalion now Raising, it would be nuich 
 
 81 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 for the good of the Regt did he remain in it and I hope it 
 will be your Excellency's pleasure to reward him, he is an 
 older officer than any of those likely to compose Sir John 
 Johnsons 2nd Battalion. 
 
 I have paid the strictest attention to the economy of the 
 Kings Provisions, which has been a great saving on the head 
 in the Indian Department, few Indians have resorted here 
 this Winter, nor have I encouraged them meerly on that ac- 
 count. Last year at times they almost equalled in numbers 
 the Garrison. (The winter has been extremely mild and very 
 little snow, the Garrison is now become very healthy, chiefly 
 I believe owing to Constant exercise and the Vegetables which 
 have been served out in lieu of the small species of provisions, 
 reserving a sufficiency for this place for Seed and some for 
 Niagara. The next season I hope will produce many more, 
 and with a little attention I think the Cultivation of this 
 Island might turn out to advantage.) 
 
 I have the honour to be with the Greatest Respect 
 Your Excellencys most obedient 
 
 and most humble servant 
 
 John Ross. 
 
 Joseph Brant and the Mohawk Indians to Rendezvous 
 on Carleton Island. 
 Head Quarters, Quebec 1st March 1781. 
 Sir, 
 
 Being informed that Joseph Brant has meditated a stroke 
 against the Oneidas who are possessed of a Blockhouse at 
 Palmertown in the neighborhood of Saratoga, and that he 
 has for that purpose requested John — who will deliver this 
 letter — and all the Mohawks he can collect here to meet him 
 at Carleton Island about the 20th of March, I have to desire 
 that you will acquaint Joseph I wish to assist him with a 
 party of about 60 chosen men from this country who would 
 meet in whatever place may be judged most convenient. You 
 will confer with him at large upon this subject and if he 
 
 82 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 approves it, the Time and Place must be clearly calculated for 
 the Junction of the Parties, which you will communicate to 
 me by an active Express in whom you can depend. Should 
 Joseph prefer marching immediately from Carleton Island 
 to the necessary delay, the other plan will occasion, and re- 
 quire your aid you will please to afford it to him in the most 
 ample manner the circumstances of jour situation will admit. 
 I have desired the same of Captain Robertson of Oswegat- 
 chie. The bearer, nor no other person here is acquainted 
 with this design. You will therefore intrust it to Joseph 
 only. The difficulties and uncertainty of the two Parties 
 joining, makes the undertaking from Carleton Island only, 
 the most eligible, but if Joseph should wish the other, what 
 can shall be done. Your letter of the 30th ulto in received, 
 it gives me pleasure to hear from you reports of the works 
 &c that your post is in such security. A late scout reports 
 that two 12 pounders have been sent to Fort Stanwix. 
 
 I am &c 
 
 F. Haldimand. 
 General Haldimand to Major Ross, Carleton Island. 
 
 Everything in a State of Tranquility. 
 Sir : 
 
 I have the Honor to inform your Excellency by the express 
 from Niagara to Canada that everything here is in a state of 
 perfect tranquility, the Fort in good order and the Garrison 
 in great health and spirits, and I have also the Honor to in- 
 form your Excellency that Bomb Proofs will be completed 
 for the Troops by the first of April next, having already 
 finished wherein to lodge one hundred men. 
 
 I have the Honor to be 
 With the greatest Respect 
 
 your Excellencys most obedient 
 
 and most humble servant 
 
 JoHx Ross. 
 Major Ross to General Haldimand. 
 
 83 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Abraham Halcey, a Prisoner from Fort Stanwix, Reports 
 the Condition of that Garrison. 
 
 Carleton Island 
 
 THE 10th of March 
 
 1781 
 Sirs 
 
 I was Honoured with your Excellency's letter of the 10th 
 ultimo this day and I am much flattered with the opinion 
 your Excellency is so kind as to entertain of my humhle en- 
 deavors to be of service in the command with which I am in- 
 trusted. Your Excellency is so good as to give me hopes of 
 seeing Captn Twiss here this Spring. I should consider my- 
 self as much favored with his visitation of the works. I can 
 now lodge the whole Garrison under Bomb Proof together 
 with a quantity of provisions unconnected with the other 
 Buildings and I think scciu'e from fire. 
 
 The wheat Indian corn and the seeds arrived here this day, 
 no time shall be lost for their transportation but I am appre- 
 hensive they will be too late for all the Posts, Niagara ex- 
 cepted. Joseph's Intended expedition not taking place of 
 which in a former letter I had the honor to write your Ex- 
 cell'y, I'm happy to have anticipated your orders in the letter 
 just Received. I disposed of the Mohawks under Capt John 
 in tlie very way directed, and since his departure two more 
 scouts are on foot to the Mohawk River, furnished with the 
 same Instructions. I expect Capt'n John every day and by 
 his activity and promises hope to be furnished with the In- 
 telligence your Excellency wishes for. Should he fail, with- 
 out waiting for the other two, I shall dispatch a succession 
 of Scouts until accomplished. I have heard but cannot as- 
 certain that the Sleighs alluded to were loaded with provis- 
 ions, and that nothing else went lately to Fort Stanwix and 
 shall troulile your Excellency with the declaration of Abra- 
 ham Halcey a Prisoner taken at Fort Stanwix the 2nd of 
 March last, now before me. 
 
 The above prisoner declares that he has been at Fort Stan- 
 
 84 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 wix this last winter ever since September. That that Garri- 
 son was composed of 4 Corapanys of the 2nd Regt of Contin- 
 ental Troops making in all about one hundred and forty men, 
 that the Fort mounts 7 Guns some of which are 12 pounders, 
 nor is there a spare Gun in the Fort nor arms of any kind 
 to his knowledge, that instead of 70 Sleighs there were only 
 50 came there loaded with provisions, before which there was 
 a great scarcity, that there was neither amunition arms or 
 Cannon sent up the Mohawk River during the winter nor did 
 he hear of any preparations making at Schenectady or any- 
 where else on that River, the above prisoner is one of their 
 Continantall Soldiers taken by Joseph Brandt now on his 
 way to Montreal. I hope in a short time to be able to give 
 your Excellency more ample Information and I have the 
 Honor to be 
 
 With the greatest Respect 
 
 Your Excellencys most obedt and 
 
 most humble serv't 
 
 JoHx Ross 
 ]Major. 
 Major Ross to Haldimand. 
 
 Cakletox Islaxd, the 
 
 7th of May, 1781. 
 
 Rumors of an Invasion of Canada by the Continental Army. 
 
 Carleton Island the 12th of May, 1781. 
 Sir, 
 
 I have the honor to inform your Excellency that Captain 
 John arrived here this morning with about 30 Mohawks 
 from a Scout and brought with him five prisoners, one of 
 which is a very Intelligent man. I have examined him and 
 hereby send your Excellency his Declaration as follows. 
 
 Prisoner John Baxter Declares that he was taken from his 
 own home six miles below the little falls on the ]\Iohawk River 
 the 3rd instant. That there is one Reirt consistinn: of seven 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Companies if complete one hundred men each on the River, 
 four of which are at Fort Stanwix one at Stone Rabby* and 
 its environs and the other two to the best of his behef at 
 Johnstown and Schenectady. That he was in Albany and 
 Schenectady in February last where there were but very few 
 troops, that they were then apprehensive of an army coming 
 from Canada against them that at the same time there was a 
 talk of sending one into Canada Consisting of 15000 men for 
 the maintenance of which 3000 bushels of wheat were brought 
 up with hard money. That in the latter end of January two 
 nine pounders were sent up from Fort Stanwix but he hears 
 they were left at Fort Herkimar, that there were about one 
 hundred sledges sent up to Fort Stanwix during the Winter 
 with Provisions but no troops except their escorts, that that 
 Garrison now must be short of provisons and report says 
 it will be removed to German Flatts. That about a fortnight 
 ago two wagon loads of shells had been sent to Schenectady 
 which place they are Fortifying with Seven Block houses and 
 Stockades, that there are about 30 Oneida Warriors at 
 Schenectady. That Ethen Allen siezed Fort Edward in the be- 
 ginning of Aprill some report for himself some for the King. 
 That about 50 men had lately assembled at Stony Rabby in 
 order to come to Canada to join Sir John Johnsons but were 
 discovered and prevented. That all the inhabitants on the 
 Mohawk River are in a state misery and many of them Re- 
 tiring. This is the material part of the above mentioned 
 prisoners declaration which as far as comes to his knowledge 
 may be depended on, as he is well known by many here and 
 assuredly a friend to Government and the very person wished 
 for to be brought in. Should the other Scouts which are 
 now out bring further Intelligence I shall loose no time in 
 giving your ExcelHncy every Information that can be col- 
 lected. 
 
 * Stone Arabia. 
 
 86 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 I have the Honor to be with the Greatest Respect, 
 Your Excellencys most obedient & 
 
 Most Humble Servt 
 John Ross, Major. 
 Major Ross to General Haldimand. 
 
 His Majesty's Provisions Embezzled. 
 
 Sir 
 
 Inclosed I take the liberty to send you the proceedings of a 
 Court of Enquiry occasioned by what I take to be a palpa- 
 ble embezzlement of his Majestys provision and request you'll 
 be so good as lay the same before His Excellency. 
 
 I have the Honor to be 
 Sir, 
 Your most obed't & 
 Most Humble Serv-t 
 
 John Jloss, 
 
 Major 
 Major Ross to Captain Mathews. 
 
 Carletox Island the 19th of May 
 1781. 
 
 Proceedings Carleton Island May 19th 1781 
 
 Proceedings of the Court ordered to sit by Major Ross 
 2nd Battalion of the Kings Royal Regiment of New York, 
 to inquire into the reason of Provisions being transported 
 from the Kings lower Store to Mr. Thompson Shop Keeper's 
 House on the evening of the 17th instant. 
 President — Ensign Arden 34th Regt. 
 Mem. Ensign Clerges 3-ith Regt. 
 
 Lt McKays, Capt Leakes Corps. 
 
 Robert Stephens — Clerk to jMr. Thompson — informs the 
 
 87 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Court that Mr. Thompson gave him an order from Mr. ]Mc- 
 Kay, late Asst Com'y to Mr. ]McNab, the present one, to de- 
 liver to liim — Thompson — the following Provision, Viz. 
 
 lbs 
 2 Barrels of Flour contg 276. each 
 8 " of Pork 208. each 
 
 13 Firkins of Butter 62. each 
 
 and that he sent a Bateaux and transported said Provisions 
 from the Kings lower Store to Mr. Thompsons House. Mr. 
 McNab being called on produces the order above mentioned 
 to the Court, signed A Mackey, Asst Com. and being asked 
 if there was any more such provision in store says there is the 
 following. 
 
 684 lbs of flour 
 530 " of Pork 
 2163-% Oatmeal 
 For which he has given a Receipt to Mr. Ferguson Asst 
 Com'y at Oswegatchie. 
 
 H Arden S^th Regt 
 
 President. 
 
 Lieut. Cra^A^ford's Raid in the Mohawk Valley. 
 
 Carleton Island, Aug. 21, 1781. 
 
 Sir: — 
 
 I have the honor to inform your Excellency of Lieutenant 
 Crawford's return from the Mohawk River, the 20th Inst. 
 He has destroyed a quantity of grain, burnt a mill several 
 houses and barns and killed a number of cattle belonging to 
 a settlement of rebels fifteen miles below Fort Herkimer. The 
 party which was mostly composed of young troops behaved 
 with great spirit and steadiness. They drove the militia into 
 their Forts, though three times their number, and burned 
 and destroyed at noonday all around. Had the Indians been 
 as zealous as they promised, a number of cattle might have 
 
 88 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 been brought off to this Island, which though collected, were 
 obliged to be left behind. Some horses only were brought. 
 
 John Ross. 
 
 W^ork on the Fortifications Over and the Attention of the 
 Garrison Given to Agriculture. 
 
 Aug. 20th, 1781. 
 
 I am sensible of the advantage your Excellency proposes 
 from the attention to agriculture. I have not spared or shall 
 not spare any pains to accomplish the same. Notwithstand- 
 ing the great fatigue occasioned by the Fortifications (which 
 is now over) a great deal of land has been cleared and culti- 
 vated, and the crops in its first appearance looked very well 
 but has suffered much by the different insects. I procured a 
 quantity of turnip seed from Montreal, and there is a very 
 large crop of potatoes. 
 
 John Ross. 
 
 General Haldimand Instructs Major Ross to Plan for a Raid 
 in the Mohawk Valley. 
 
 General Haldimand to Major Ross. 
 
 Private 
 
 Head Quarters, Quebec, 6th Sept. 1781. 
 Sir, 
 
 Judging it expedient for the purpose of alarming the 
 frontiers, and distressing the enemy by destroying the sup- 
 plies, I have determined to send a strong detachment of the 
 Army to take Post at Crown Point, where they will remain so 
 long as the season will permit and to make this Alarm more 
 General I have directed Brigadr Genl Powell to detach Par- 
 ties of the the Rangers and Indians, to the Mohawk River and 
 Frontiers of Pennsylvania, (in which service I wish to join one 
 
 91 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 or two strong well directed Scouts from C'arleton Island.) I 
 have told Brigadier Powell that these will form a jvmction, or 
 cooperate with those from Niagara destined for the iNIohawk 
 River and that you will give him your sentiments thereon 
 from the knowledge you have acquired of the Enemys 
 strength and Situation, and their local circumstances in that 
 quarter, then he will compare his Abilities and Information, 
 determine his Plans and Communicate them to you. Your 
 vicinity to the Enemy's country will admit of this delay. I 
 likewise direct Captain Robertson to be the Bearer of this 
 Letter that you may consult together upon the Expediency 
 of sending at the same time a Scout from Oswegatchie or 
 joining the force he can spare from thence to those you send 
 from Carleton Island. The unfortunate consequences from a 
 discovery of Sir John Johnsons expedition last 3^ear, will con- 
 vince you of the necessity of keeping this Intention pro- 
 foundly secret. You and Brigadr Powell are the only per- 
 sons in the Province to whom it shall l3e imparted until the 
 orders of March sliall be given out. It will not be necessary 
 for you to mention even to Captn Robertson the movement 
 from hence to Crown Point. It will take place about the 1st 
 of October, by which time the scouts should be on their sev- 
 eral Grounds, in order to make the Consternation General, 
 and divide the Force of the Enemy. 
 
 I am &c 
 F. H. 
 
 Captain Grant who will deliver this is not acquainted with 
 any part of its contents — you will immediately dispatch one 
 or two of the Vessels best calculated for conveying the Troops 
 from Niagara should it be thought expedient to transport 
 them by that means and as it will probably be thought nec- 
 essary to make a deposit of provision at, or in the Neighbor- 
 hood of Oswego, for their Return, the Vessels after landing 
 the Troops may return to Carleton Island for the Provisions, 
 which shall be wanted with which it will be proper to send 
 
 92 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 such a Detachment from your Garrison to take Post for its 
 security, as can be spared from it, the pressing necessity of 
 the Provision Transport not admitting of the Vessels remain- 
 ing off Oswego to attend the return of the Troops. Should 
 Oswego be fixed upon, one of the Bastions may be occupied 
 with very little labour. As you formerly mentioned a desire 
 of making an Excursion, I leave to yourself either to execute 
 this service, or conduct any of the scouts from Carleton 
 Island, but do not propose it to you as I think the command 
 of either too inconsiderable, and as I want no proofs to con- 
 vince me of your zeal and Activity. If you think therefore 
 that the service will be more promoted by remaining at Carle- 
 ton Island to conduct the whole, I expect you will do it. The 
 impossibility of moving from this Quarter a single man with- 
 out its being immediately discovered to the Enemy, prevents 
 my sending a Reinforcement which would form a good de- 
 tachment for you, the same apprehension prevents my send- 
 ing you more Battcaux. You will therefore detain as many 
 as 3'OU may haA^e use for, from one or two Brigades of Pro- 
 vision Batteaux, giving the Conductor a Certificate that you 
 have my Directions to keep them for the use of the Post. 
 That you may better comprehend my Wishes in this under- 
 taking, I leave my letter to Brigdr Genl Powell open for 
 your perusal, satisfied you will act mutuall}^ to the best ad- 
 vantage for the King's Service. (Notwithstanding the ef- 
 fort to keep the plans for the raid secret. Major Ross learned 
 of them before receiving General Plaldimand's letter.) 
 
 Cakletox Island the 22xd Sept 1781 
 Sir, 
 
 Captain Grant owing to contrary winds did not arrive 
 with your Excellency's dispatches until the 20th Instant, 
 which have been forwardefl with all possible haste to Niagara, 
 and I hope will be received by General Powell tomorrow. I 
 am much honored by Your Excellence's wishing to give me a 
 
 93 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 greater Command. Thinking my presence here will not be 
 absolutely necessary here for a Time, I have by your Ex- 
 cellencys permission taken the resolve of conducting this 
 Party, nor do I think any party to inconsiderable could I at 
 any time execute your Excellencys intention, or be of any 
 service in commanding it. 
 
 I have proposed to Brigadier General Powel to rendevous 
 at Salmon Creek unless he prefers Oswego. The former be- 
 ing better situated for penetrating into the country. Lieu- 
 tenant Wingrave 34 Regiment who has been at Niagara for 
 a few days informs me that the Garrison there is sickly and 
 that General Powell told him that he could not on that ac- 
 count Detach many for service, more than 150 men, conse- 
 quently I have no prospect of great succor from thence, one 
 thing I hope I may venture to inform your Excellency that 
 if the Mohawk River is in the same state that it was in a short 
 time ago, the intended party may do as they please un- 
 til a Force is collected from about Albany to oppose them, 
 but I am sorry to inform your Excellency that this Scout 
 has been talked of in Canada as I received accounts of it the 
 same day your Excellencys order arrived here. I expect to be 
 at the place of Rendezvous by the first of October from 
 whence I shall have the Honor to write Your Excellency. 
 
 I am &c 
 John Ross. 
 
 Major Ross to General Haldimand. 
 
 The Troops from Niagara Late in Arriving. 
 
 Oswego the 10th of October 1781, 
 Sir 
 
 The troops from Niagara did not arrive until this day, 
 which was much later than your Excellency's expectations 
 and the season is far advanced. I have received instructions 
 from Brigadier Powell a copy of which was sent your Ex- 
 cellency. I mean to follow them so far as the Exigencies of 
 
 94 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 affairs will permit. I have left the comiuaiid of the Garrison 
 of C'arleton Ishmd to Lieutenant Danhourgess, Assistant 
 Engineer, he is well acquainted with every Part of the Dut\^ 
 and a most active officer. The Fort is in such a situation 
 that nothing can be apprehended from the diminution of the 
 Garrison which is still double the number to what was left 
 there last year. Should I be so fortunate as to get into the 
 country unexpected, what little remains to be destroyed may 
 be done, but by last Accts the corn is all threshed off and in 
 their Stockaded Forts. Dimsbore the place particularized by 
 Brigadier Powxll is but a small settlement within eight miles 
 of Schenectady. 
 
 I have the honour &c 
 
 John Ross. 
 ]Major Ross to General Haldimand. 
 
 Major Ross Gives an Account of the Last Raid made by the 
 
 British in the Mohawk Valley and the Retreat 
 
 to Carleton Island. 
 
 Carleton Island ttte 7th November 1781. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I had the honour to write your Excellency from Oswego 
 th. loth ultimo intimating the arrival of the Troops from 
 Niagara, at which time I made no mention of the Indians 
 which I was made believe were coming by land to join me on 
 the march, as very few came with the Troops: on the 11th 
 I left Oswego and proceeded to Oneida Lake as far as Can- 
 asarago Creek, where I left some provisions and a Guard. 
 I found the promised succor of Indians was a nsere Illusion 
 for none ever appeared the few that had joined at Oswego 
 were nothing more than the refuse of different Tribes with- 
 out a leading man amongst them and so early as that period, 
 began not only to make difficulties of everything but to coun- 
 teract and procrastinate whatever I proposed to them. I 
 
 95 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 then wished to write your Excelcncy to explain tliese cir- 
 cumstances but no opportunity could possibly be had. I sen- 
 sibly felt my situation on an Expedition where Indians were 
 absolutely necessary, nor Avas it less obvious to the Troops, 
 the officers clamarous particularly those from Niagara, even 
 Indian officers declared that Colonel Johnson had it in his 
 power to send useful Indians, Chiefs and Warriors abounded 
 in and near Niagara. Your Excellency knows he had timely 
 notice. After 8 days march from Canasarago in very bad 
 weather, I came near the ^Mohawk River. By the prisoners 
 brought me on the .Road I learned this Expedition was not 
 unknown, and that the Militia was waiting our approach. I 
 was never the less determined to render the Expedition as 
 useful as possible, the upper part of the Mohawk River being 
 formerly destroyed, the blow if any behooved to be struck 
 where it would be most sensibly felt Duensboro' was a tri- 
 fling place, the only Settlement of any Consequence now on 
 the River was Warrensborough, a place thought from its 
 situation perfectly secure and a nest of Rebels from the be- 
 ginning of the War, lying critically betAveen Fort Hunter, 
 Schohary and Schenectady. On the 2'ith in the afternoon 
 I came to the scattered inhabitants near Corystown where I 
 first discovered, in an instant of time the Alarum Guns were 
 fired and express sent to every Post, by 8 o'clock in the eve- 
 ning it was known at Fort Plain, Schohary and Schenac- 
 tady, where the Troops and ]\Iilitia were in readiness, amount- 
 inec to at least near two thousand men. I full well knew 
 that no time was to be lost to accomplish my designs and 
 make a forced march in the night to arrive at the place of 
 my destination before Morning. The weather was most un- 
 fortunate, heavy rains and the worst Roads for 1-i miles, the 
 Troops laboured hard to keep together and notwithstanding 
 every exertion several were obliged to be left behind on the 
 March. We arrived near Warrensborough before morning 
 and having made the men rest on their Arms until daylight, 
 I made the necessary arrangements to destroy the Settlement 
 -as expeditiously as possible, appointing a Rendezvoiis for 
 
 96 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 the whole, in this particulai* only did the Indians become use- 
 ful, they niixt with part of the Rangers. Effected every- 
 thing that could be required, before 12 o'clock the whole set- 
 tlement for seven miles was in flames, near one hundred farms, 
 three mills and a large Granary for Public Service were re- 
 duced to Ashes. The cattle and stock of all kinds were like- 
 wise destroyed. The Inhabitants fled precipitately in the 
 night. The Troops joined according to orders within 12 
 miles of Schenactady. I could hear nothing of the Troops 
 at Crown Point. Knowing that my situation was Critical 
 and that no time was to be lost to make good my retreat, 
 from prisoners and others I learned that the rebels were on 
 their march from every quarter far superior to my numbers. 
 I always in my own breast designed retreating to Carleton 
 Island, but imparted it to none so that the prisoners who fell 
 into the Enemy's hands the night before could make no dis- 
 coverys, to Retreat as I came must give the Enemy every ad- 
 vantage, they having the command of the River could get 
 in my front at pleasure. There was also another circum- 
 stance which equally determined me. It was not impossible 
 that the Boats and provisions left at Canasarago might fall 
 into their hands, which they could not fail to have informa- 
 tion of, in this case a march thence to Niagara or Carleton 
 Island without provisions and almost barefooted at this sea- 
 son of the Year presented a disagreeable prospect. Time, 
 distance, security, and in short everything argued for the 
 Retreat to this Island. About one o'clock we crossed the 
 River at Johnstown, which owing to heavy rains was attended 
 witli difficulty. Some Militia began to show themselves on 
 the Banks. The Lieutenant connnanding the Fort at Johns- 
 town with a small party coming to reconoitre fell in with 
 our front and was killed, the party escaped thro' the inac- 
 tivity of the Indians. We proceeded on our ^Nlarch to the end 
 of the Settlement of Johnstown and there determined to take 
 the woods and striking for the path leading from the German 
 Flafts to the Island, there some cattle were killed for the 
 
 97 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 maintenance of the troops on the march, but our chief de- 
 pendence was on horses. I at the same time sent out recon- 
 noitring parties to try to discover the motions of the Enemy 
 but could get no intelhgence. About 4 o'clock in the after- 
 noon we had just entered the woods at Johnstown when In- 
 telligence was brought that the Rebels were just in our Rear, 
 from the situation of the Troops I full well knew that we 
 could not out march them, that if we did so it would only 
 be partially as many of the Rear would inevitably be cut off'. 
 Wherefore numerous as they were I was determined to give 
 them Battle, and accordingly formed the men for Action. 
 We were about a quarter of a mile in the woods without any 
 advantage of Ground. An advance party of the Enemy came 
 up and being fired upon retreated. Soon after this Comman- 
 der Willet with a large Body advanced and began to engage. 
 The Troops stood firm the Rebels seemed wavering and In- 
 clined to give way which as soon as I found to be the case, I 
 ordered the whole to advance and charge the Enemy, as we 
 advanced they in general Retreated seldom making a stand, 
 but maintained a running fight until they got to the Edge 
 of the wood when they fled with precipitation in full view for 
 more than a mile. It was then that I lamented the want of a 
 good body of Indians — a few of those present venturing to 
 engage- — in which had I been so fortunate, it would in all 
 probability have crushed the spirit of Rebellion on the Mo- 
 hawk River. On our left the Rebels had planted a field piece 
 with another Body of men, and on our following the Enemy 
 out of the woods they kept up a brisk fire, the troops ad- 
 vanced to attach them, the very countenance of which made 
 the Rebels give way, following the example of the rest, fly- 
 ing after a few platoons with equal precipitation and leav- 
 ing behind them their field piece Brass three pounder, and a 
 Quantity of Ammunition. The Troops tho' much fatigued 
 killed many in the flight to this circumstance alone many more 
 owed their safety. The Engagement now seemed to be over, 
 but still there was something to be done, another body of the 
 Enemy came undiscovered upon our right, and renewed the 
 
 98 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Engagement, they seemed rather inchned to harrass than 
 attack openly, they took possession of the Edge of the woods 
 where they could conceal themselves best, keeping up a scat- 
 tering fire, they were briskly attacked by the Troops and al- 
 most surrounded, we likewise kept up a fire with the Field 
 Piece whenever they showed themselves, this party suffered 
 much and nothing but night coming on prevented their total 
 destruction, the darkness favored their escape. I am sorry 
 it was impracticable to bring off the field piece, there was no 
 possibility of bringing it further that the Edge of the wood 
 nor would time or place permit anything more to be done. 
 The Ammunition which was very considerable, particularly 
 musqucts & cartridges was totally destroyed, and the Troops 
 retired to the woods until morning, and then proceeded on 
 our March. Thus I have the Honor to inform your Excel- 
 lency that the Action considering circumstances, ended most 
 fortunately, by the Prisrs. we found that the number of the 
 Enemy in every attack far exceeded our numbers, besides 
 many other disavantages. Without Cannon and much fa- 
 tigued, several officers taken assert that more than twelve 
 hundred men were in pursuit of us — amongst whom were 
 four hundred Continentals from Schenactady — and that the 
 greater part if not the whole were engaged, so that the small- 
 est computation there could not be less than a thousand men, 
 which was near three times our numbers. It is impossible 
 to ascertain the loss of the Enemy, but it must have far ex- 
 ceeded the King's Troops which in killed and wounded is but 
 trifling. The Enemy lost many officers and in one spot 
 Twenty men lay dead in the field. Night and the darkness 
 of the woods prevented our knowing our own loss and in con- 
 sequence of both, together with Efl^'ect of extreme fatigue a 
 considerable number is missing, which in a future period I 
 hope to be able to give your Excellency a more distinct ac- 
 count of. From the still badness of the weather we did not 
 fall iti zcith the path till the 29th and then contrary to expec- 
 tations the Niagara Indians struck upon it at a different 
 place to what was intended with a view to facilitate their own 
 
 101 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Route, without any regard to our security. On the smallest 
 Alarum the Indians fled to a man, they had never been of 
 much service and now they were of none, we were still only a 
 days March from the German Flatts, it was late the Troops 
 were fatigued, and we were obliged to camp. Snow had just 
 fallen and it was difficult to discover if the Enemy were near 
 us, nor did the Indians show any activity on the occasion : 
 next morning the 30th we parted with the Indians leaving 
 them in the camp. I still thought that from our late delays we 
 should have a visit from the Enemy, nor was I disappointed, 
 they were in our Camp soon after we sett off and before the 
 Indians left it, who had just time to save themselves in the 
 woods, an Indian officer was talcen. Three of our Servants 
 and Horses from some remissness in not setting off, likewise 
 fell into their hands. I was then unacquainted with what had 
 happened. Soon afterwards one of their advance partys 
 fired at an Indian in our Rear, which was the first intimation 
 I had of the Enemy s approach, I therefore hastened much, 
 to cross Canada Creek, which we accomplished about two 
 o'clock in the afternoon. Just as the Troops had all got 
 over the Rebels made their appearance and fired upon our 
 Rear, the fire was returned. Captain Butler who commanded 
 the Rangers covering the line of March, was unfortunately 
 killed, several men were also killed and wounded. The En- 
 emy had greatly the advantage of Ground and their faver- 
 ite object of firing at a distance, wherefore I ordered the 
 Troops to move forward in order to take possession of the 
 first favorable spot that offered, which was accordingly done, 
 the Sick and Wounded were sent on, and then waited the 
 Enemy for near an hour, when not being able to make any 
 discovery we concluded that they had declined crossing the 
 Creek, and proceeded on our March for this place where we 
 arrived the 6th Inst. I cannot conclude without testifying 
 to your Excellency my sincere regret for the death of Cap- 
 tain Butler whose loss to the service in General and to the 
 Corps in particular is much to be lamented. The Troops 
 have suffered much in their limbs by the wetness of the wea- 
 
 102 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ther likewise by hunger all of which they have endured with 
 that fortitude which becomes soldiers. I have taken every 
 precaution to secure and get brought to this place the pro- 
 visions left at Canasarago and Oswego. 
 
 The Troops from Niagara will embark for that place in a 
 few days. Lieut Docksteder of the Rangers died on the 
 March near the old Oneida the 17th ultimo. 
 
 I have the honor to be &c 
 
 John Ross — Major. 
 
 Major Ross to Genl. Haldimand. 
 
 The point where the troops crossed West Canada Creek is 
 known to-day as Butler's Ford. Robert W. Chambers in 
 "The Reckoning" describes Walter Butler's death. 
 
 General Haldimand Reinforces the Garrison. 
 
 Head Quarters, Quebec 16th November 1781. 
 
 Sir : 
 
 I last night received your letter of the 7th Instant and I 
 take the earliest opportunity to express to you my perfect 
 approbation of your proceeding throughout your late Ex- 
 pedition, and the satisfaction I have to find on perusing of the 
 many disappointments and difficulties you had to encounter 
 that your loss has been inconsiderable, which must justly be 
 attributed to your Prudence and Activity, as well as to the 
 spiritted Behaviour of the Troops under your command, 
 whose Efforts I am sorry to find were so 111 seconded by the 
 Indians, a circumstance I shall not fail minutely to inquire 
 into. I read with much concern the Fate of Captn Butler. 
 He was very active, promising officer, and one of those whose 
 loss, at all times, but particularly in the present is much to be 
 lamented, had the Indians done their Duty it is probable this 
 misfortune as well as other losses would have been prevented. 
 I flatter myself with the hope you give me that many of the 
 
 103 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 men returned missing will make their way into some of the 
 Posts. I have however thought fit to reinforce your Garri- 
 son with one hundred men Officers, and non commissioned of- 
 ficers in proportion. I duly received your letters of the 22nd 
 and 29th September and 10th October and thought it un- 
 necesary in your absence to acknowledge them. 
 
 I am &c, F. Haldimand. 
 
 General Haldimand to Major Ross. 
 
 New York State Gazetteer 1860, page 411. 
 
 "The final incursion into the Mohawk Valley was made 
 October 24, 1781, by a party of six hundred British and In- 
 dians, under Major Ross and Walter N. Butler, and made 
 their first appearence in the neighborhood of Warrensbush. 
 They marched to the vicinity of Johnson Hall and commenced 
 the usual work of plunder and murder, but were arrested by 
 a sudden attack by forces under Colonel Willet, Rowley and 
 Harper. A severe engagement ensued, resulting in the re- 
 treat of the enemy. Col. Willet pursued, and coming up with 
 the rear guard at West Canada Creek, another skirmish 
 took place, in which the infamous Walter N. Butler was 
 killed. The shattered remnant of the British forces escaped 
 by the way of Oswego — Major Ross' letter proves posi- 
 tively that Carleton Island was the post to which the Brit- 
 ish retreated. —This affair practically ended the war in 
 Tryon County, and the remaining citizens stripped of al- 
 most everything except the soil, were allowed to resume in 
 peace their accustomed employments. 
 
 "Walter N. Butler was one of the most inhuman wretches 
 that over disgraced humanity. Ferocious, bloodthirsty, and 
 cruel, he seemed to revel in perfect delight at the spectacle 
 of human suffering. He surpassed the savages in barbarity ; 
 and many a victim was saved from his clutches by the inter- 
 position of the Indian Chief Brant." 
 
 104 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 (It. is said tlint after the Cherry Valley massacre, General 
 Haldimand would not allow Butler in his presence.) 
 
 The Provisions Returned to Carleton Island. 
 
 Cauletox Island, 
 Nov. 22nd, 1781. 
 Sir : — 
 
 Please inform his excellency that the parties and provis- 
 ions left at Canasenago and Oswego are safe arrived. By the 
 precaution I had taken the enemy had no time left them to 
 succeed in any attempt against them. There is great reason 
 to believe that the rebels exercised the greatest cruelty on 
 many occasions and which I shall endeavor to know the truth 
 of. On our part the greatest humanity was shown, nor did 
 the Indians hurt a woman or child. 
 
 John Ross. 
 
 Government Point Stockaded. 
 
 Carleton Island, Dec. 7th, 1781. 
 Sir : — 
 
 The shipping — the Naval and Provision Stores being in 
 some danger of being set on fire by a small party, I have 
 ordered the neck of land to be stockaded in, and the shipping 
 so secured so that I hope every attempt from the enemy will 
 prove fruitless when finished, which will be a work of little 
 time. The whole neck of land becomes a fortification in it- 
 self, joined to the Fort by an abbatis across the two little 
 bays within which the ships are laid up. 
 
 John .Ross. 
 
 A Portion of the Barracks Burned. 
 
 Sir : 
 
 Since I had the honor of writing your Excellenc}' in No- 
 
 105 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 vember last, this post has been in a state of Peace and tran- 
 quihty. Our occupation during the winter consisted chiefly 
 in stockading the neck of land and clearing the land for cul- 
 tivation, and should the ensuing season prove favorable the 
 produce must be very considerable. It is with no small mort- 
 ification I inform your Excellency that when everything was 
 peacefully secure on the neck of land against the sudden in- 
 cursions of scouting parties from the enemy, an accidental fire 
 broke out in the Naval Artificers Barracks by which they 
 were entirely consumed. The fire was so violent that altho 
 in the daytime nothing within them could be saved and many 
 articles belonging to that department were burned in the 
 rigging loft above the Barracks. It is no small alleviation on 
 this occasion to be able to inform your Excellency that the 
 store house which was close to the Barracks and in greatest 
 danger of being burned with upwards of two hundred barrels 
 of pitch lying between them were saved by the activity of the 
 troops and seamen. Contrary to the expectations of almost 
 every spectator as the flames were heightened to a very great 
 degree by a violent gale of wind at the time, which, it is 
 thought, had displaced one of the stove pipes and by that 
 means the Barracks took fire. The sails and rigging con- 
 sumed by the fire may be said to be the greatest loss on this 
 occasion. I have an officer and 20 men constantly scout- 
 ing wherever there is a possibility of the enemy. I have 
 brought from Cataroque two small pieces of Iron ordnance 
 to place in two log houses built for their protection in the 
 night time, which will serve as alarm guns lest their com- 
 munication should be cut off. I intend sending a small scout 
 of Indians to the Mohawk river which as yet has not been 
 practicable on account of the severity of the season. 
 
 Jno. Ross, 
 
 Major. 
 
 Major Ross to General Haldimand, Jan'y, 1782. 
 
 106 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 A Post to be Established at Oswego. 
 
 Head Quarters Quebec 18th February 1782. 
 Sir, 
 
 Having thought fit to estal)hsh a Post at Oswego as early 
 in the Spi'ing as the Season will permit, I dispatch this letter 
 to intimate my Intentions to you and to desire that you will 
 in the meantime, employ yourself with all possible diligence 
 in making the necessary preparations pointed out to you, 
 in the inclosed Instructions, so as to be in readiness to pro- 
 ceed Avithout further orders to that place the Moment the 
 Lake becomes Navigable. It is unnecessary to observe to you 
 how much depends upon keeping this intention secret to the 
 last instant and even on your Departure it may be serviceable 
 to giA^e out your Destination for Niagara, as the difference of 
 a few days may establish your Post without Loss, and beyond 
 the Efforts of the enemy to recover. The Preparations of 
 such INIaterial as do not appear to be wanted at Carleton 
 Island will naturally create Conjectures; to prevent them 
 you would do well to intimate that Brigadier Powell had ap- 
 phed for all that could bo spared from your Post to assist 
 in Repairs of the works and Barracks at Niagara and fitting 
 of Habitations for the new Settlers. 
 
 If the Enemy do intend an attempt upon this Province, the 
 Possession of Oswego, is certainly an object of great impor- 
 tance to them and the first they will turn their thoughts to 
 in the Spring. We must therefore endeavor to prevent it by 
 a more early Exertion and as the first object to be considered 
 is to secure yourself from Insults, you will pay your whole 
 attention to it, taking advantage of what remains of the old 
 Bastions and afterwards proceeded to Building. My Inten- 
 tions respecting the Works you are to construct will be com- 
 municated to you by Captn Twiss, accompanied by a plan for 
 your Directions, from it, and the Situation in which you will 
 find the old Works, you will at once be able to determine upon 
 the steps to be taken for your immediate security, your 
 Force, Ordinance &c will be pointed out to you as nearly 
 
 107 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 as possible by a letter from the Adjudant General, but you 
 will nevertheless consider that from the confidence I have in 
 your Zeal and Experience and from your Local knowledge 
 I allow you every Latitude that your circumstances shall ap- 
 pear to you to require. I leave my Dispatch to Brigadr 
 Genl Powell open for your Perusal, that you may be ac- 
 quainted with my wishes and thence confer more fully with 
 him and form your plans accordingly. It being impossible 
 at this Distance and unaquaintcd with Local circumstances to 
 enter into Details, to the Brigadrs and your Prudence, I trust 
 for a Judicious Arrangement and a Rapid Execution of my 
 views. Your Letters by Lieut. Turncy have been received, 
 their contents not requiring immediate answers, I avoid en- 
 tering upon any subject except that of the present Letter. 
 I must renew my desire that you will give every possible Atr 
 tention to the most useful part of Agriculture on the Island, 
 so as to turn it to Public account in case of necessity, as 
 there is no saying what Delays and Impediments there may 
 be to prevent an early arrival of our Supplies the ensuing 
 Summer. 
 
 I am &c 
 
 F. Haldimand. 
 General Haldimand to Major Ross. 
 
 Rumors of an Invasion of Canada. 
 
 Head Quarters Quebec 
 
 2nd March 1782 
 
 Sir, 
 
 This will be delivered to you by Ensign Twiling of the 
 29th Regiment, Assist Engineer, who is sent to conduct the 
 work under your Directions, Signified to you in my dispatch 
 by Lieut Turney. He is charged with every instruction and 
 
 108 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 advice which Captn Twiss could think of to make him useful 
 to jou, and I hope he will turn out so. In addition to the 
 General Latitude I have given you on this service, I must 
 further acquaint you that, if you should find unexpected Dif- 
 ficulties in the Execution of any part of the work as proposed 
 in the Plan sent, you have my full Authority to make such Al- 
 ternations as you shall find necessary and to remove without 
 hesitation all obstacles that may arise — whether in the Engi- 
 neers or any other Department — to your Zealous Efforts in a 
 prompt Execution of my views. 
 
 From the best Intelligence I can procure from Albany and 
 its Neighborhood, Preparations are making which indicate 
 an attempt against the Province, by different attacks. Arms 
 and ('loathing for 10,000 it is said are collected, and a part 
 of the Artillery taken with Lord Cornwallis, is conveyed to 
 Hartford. It is affirmed that two french commissaries are 
 actually in Albany buying up all the Pork and Flour they 
 can collect, and that these Articles have in consequence 
 thereof risen considerably in Price, it is likewise said that 
 on the Strength of these appearances many Rebel Families 
 who had quitted their Farms, are preparing to return to 
 them. Should this design take place, a strong Effort will be 
 made in your Quarter, and Dilligence and activity must sup- 
 ply the place of Resources. Provisions is an object that will 
 attract your first Attention, for if the Province should be 
 invaded, the Transport will of course languish if not in- 
 terely cease. I perceive in some Returns of Issues, that a 
 large Quantity of Provisions are given under the Denomina- 
 tion of Field Rations, Your Situation will require a Reduc- 
 tion of that allowance, and I wish circumstances may not 
 oblige you to go still further. I am aware of the difficulties 
 you will have with the Indians on this Head and I feel for 
 the necessity of curtailing the Troops in any comfort, which 
 Labour and Fatigue may make more necessary to them, but 
 I depend upon your management in reconciling all Diffi- 
 
 111 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 culties inseparable from our circumstances and exciting a 
 cheerful and vigorous obedience of your orders. 
 
 I am etc 
 F. Haldimaxd. 
 General Haldimand to Major Ross. 
 
 The Fort at Oswego in a Ruinous Condition. 
 
 Carleton Island the 6th of March 1782 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Your Excellencys orders arrived here yesterday to execute 
 which every effort in my power shall be exerted. The Plans 
 transmitted to me by Captn Twiss are understood perfectly 
 and shall be followed to the utmost of my abilities, but it is 
 unfortunate that tools of all kinds are so scarce on this 
 Island as expedition alone on this occasion can give success. 
 I examined the Fort on the spot twice and by this oppor- 
 tunity transmit my ideas of its situation at present. Your 
 Excellency will, I believe find that the Works are in much 
 more Ruinous Situation than is perhaps expected. All the 
 Vessels, the scow Haldimand included, will be ready to sail by 
 the first of April and every preparation this place can afford 
 will, I expect, be completed nearly about that time, the Troops 
 shall know nothing of their departure until the hour of 
 their embarkation. I am sorry Indian fusels are the only 
 arms, I, as yet, have received. I consider this circumstance 
 as a great diminution of my strength. I have requested of 
 General Powell to send as many of the 8th Regt as possible. 
 Should Lt. Cornwallis's ill fate be confirmed it may tend to 
 damp the spirits of the Colony troops, yet still I hope they 
 will do their duty. Every possible attention has been given 
 to agriculture and had it not been for the necessary prepara- 
 tions on this occasion, would have been very considerable this 
 Spring, but it will now be impossible to have much land 
 ready for Spring cultivation. All that can be shall be done. 
 
 112 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 As the post I hope to occupy must be dependant on this one 
 for ahuost every thing for a long time and many changes in 
 Soldiers for workmen or other causes may be wanted to take 
 place, I beleave to request of your Excellency that the Com- 
 manding officers here may have orders to comply with what- 
 ever directions he may receive from me toward the establish- 
 ing the post at Oswego, should it be imagined that my com- 
 mand ceases at my departure it would lead me into many 
 difficulties and besides public Concerns, man}' private re- 
 sources may be drawn from hence for the troops conducive to 
 their health and what the situation of affairs at Oswego may 
 forbid attempting. I am truly sensible of the importance of 
 the Service your Excellency does me the honor to employ me 
 in and will be ever proud to execute it agreeable to your Ex- 
 cellency's wishes and shall hope to surmount cver^^ difficulty. 
 I have the honor to be with the greatest respect, 
 
 Sir, 
 Your Excellencys 
 Most obedient and most humble Serve. 
 
 John Ross, Major. 
 Major Ross to General Haldimand. 
 
 Captain Wm. Ancrum Succeeds Major John Ross. 
 Rebels and Oneida Indians Seen Near the Island. 
 
 Carleton Island, April 30, 1782. 
 Sir : — 
 
 I have had information by different ways of a scout of 
 some Rebels and Oneida Indians being in the neighborhood 
 of this place, and have and shall take every possible precau- 
 tion to prevent a prisoner being taken from this Island, as 
 I am well aware of the consequences that might accrue from 
 such an accident in the present situation of affairs. 
 
 Wm. Ancrum, Captain. 
 To Captain Mathews, Sec'y to Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Montreal. 
 
 113 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 The Officer Commanding at Carleton Island Notified of the 
 
 Treaty of Versailles, Arranged in November, 1782, 
 
 and Formally Ratified in September, 1783. 
 
 Head Quarters, Quebec, 
 
 26th April 1783. 
 
 Sir: 
 
 Having last night Received from New York, His Majes- 
 ty's Proclamation, for a cessation of arms with all the Pow- 
 ers with whom we are at War, in consequence of preliminary 
 articles having been signed at Paris on the 30th of Novemr 
 last, for treating of Peace. I have to desire that you will upon 
 Receipt of this. Totally cease from carrying on the Forti- 
 fications and all Public Works at the Post you command and 
 until you shall receive further orders. You will like dis- 
 continue the Transport of His Majestys stores and Provis- 
 ions to the upper Posts, Indian presents excepted. 
 
 I am &c F. Haldimand. 
 
 General Haldimand to Major Harris, or officer command- 
 ing at Carleton Island. 
 
 Indians Living on Carleton Island in July, 1783. 
 
 Chiefs of Village 2 
 
 Chief Warriors 6 
 
 Messengers 3 
 
 Warriors IS-l 
 
 Women 230 
 
 Children from 6 to 12 years, 32 boys, 36 girls. 
 
 " " 3 " 6 " 21 " 26 * 
 
 Children 42 
 
 John Campbell, 
 
 Supt. &c., Indian Affairs. 
 
 Within the Province of Quebec. 
 114 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 American scalps paid for on Carleton Island. 
 Vol. 2, p. STJ*. Simms' Frontiersmen of New York. 
 While Sullivan's army Avas in the Indian country an in- 
 cident occurred which ma}^ prove interesting. An advance 
 party which was opening a road for the army and protected 
 by a strong covering party, were attacked by a Seneca chief 
 and eighty-two warriors. The guard instantly ran to rescue 
 the advance and a skirmish ensued, in which the chief and 
 two of his followers were slain. Upon the person of the Sen- 
 eca chief was found a pocket-book containing two papers of 
 interest. One of them read as follows : 
 
 "This may certify that Kayingwaurto, the Seneca chief, 
 has been on an expedition to Fort Stanwix and has taken 
 two scalps, one from an officer and a corporal that were gun- 
 ning near the fort, for which I promise to pay at sight ten 
 dollars for each. Given under my hand at Buck Island. 
 John Butler, Col. and Supt. 
 of the Six Nations and 
 allies of his Majesty." 
 
 "This paper was in the possession of Capt. Thos. Machin. 
 After the war Congress asserted there was no evidence of the 
 fact that the British government authorized the payment of 
 money for scalps. The above paper was sent for and the ev- 
 idence it contained was satisfactory that the British did buy 
 scalps and thus the controversy ended." 
 
 John Long, an Indian Trader, writes the following: 
 
 "Carleton Island is higher up the river, and has greater 
 conveniences annexed to it than Oswegatchie, having an ex- 
 cellent harbor, with a strong fortification, well garrisoned. 
 It affords excellent accommodations for shipping, and may 
 be considered as the royal store-house for supplying the up- 
 per posts. There are vessels of considerable bulk constantly 
 sailing from thence to Oswego and Niagara." 
 
 115 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 The Senior Naval Officer at Carleton Island in 1786-8 was 
 David Bctton, of the British Navy. 
 
 "On the 29th of May, 1788, Captain Mann, Commanding 
 Engineer, was ordered to examine both Carleton Island and 
 Kingston, and report as to "which was most eligible as a 
 station for the King's ships and the protection of lalie nav- 
 igation, and what works were necesary for that purpose." 
 He reported in favor of Kingston, and from this date, Carle- 
 ton Island is mentioned as a place that "used to be of note." 
 The stores were removed in October, 1789, but for some rea- 
 son the cannon were not then removed." 
 
 "On the 10th of June, 1793, nineteen guns, of which ten 
 were eighteens, five twelves, two nines, and two sixes, were 
 minutely described as still on the works. As the iron work of 
 the defective carriages was being stolen, Capt. Porter ordered 
 them to be burned, and the irons stored, and finally, in Au- 
 gust of that year, the Missessague was sent by Capt. George 
 Glasgow, of the Royal Artillery, to remove these guns to 
 Toronto." 
 
 On the 24th of November, 1791, Mr. Campbell, a traveler 
 from the Highlands of Scotland, took passage on board the 
 sloop Colville, Captain Baker, for Niagara. He says : 
 "About midnight a severe hurricane was heard coming on, we 
 had nothing for it but return back and anchor at 2 p.m., at 
 the head of Carleton Island opposite Kingston. The 25th, 
 26th and 27th, we lay there without stirring, the wind con- 
 tinually ahead." 
 
 "On the 28th I went on shore on Carleton Island, where 
 the British had a garrison last war. The barracks, dry 
 ditch and ramparts are still remaining, but in a decayed 
 state. A sergeant and twelve men are kept here, to preserve 
 the barracks from being burnt by the Indians, and the Amer- 
 icans from taking possession of it and the dismounted guns 
 thereon. The cause assigned for our forsaking this post is 
 
 116 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 said to be, because it is doubtful whether these isLmds be with- 
 in the British or American lines." 
 
 "In 1799, Kingston was described hy Surveyor-General 
 Smyth in his Topographical Description of Canada, as 
 haA'ing a barracks for troops, a hospital, several store-houses 
 and an Episcopal Church. The ruins of the French works 
 were still seen, as well as tliat of a breastwork thrown up by 
 General Bradstreet, on the east side of the town. In its ex- 
 cellent harbor the King's shipping on Lake Ontario for the 
 most part wintered, and here the goods and provisions 
 brought up in bateaux from Montreal and designed for places 
 further west were tranfcrred to vessels, as they had for- 
 merly been at Carleton Island." 
 
 Under the Embargo Act of Congress passed December 22, 
 1807, Carleton Island again became an object of correspon- 
 dence, and a place of prospective importance, as will appear 
 from the following letters. 
 
 Carleton Island in 1808. 
 
 "Deer Island contains about 1200 acres and from 3 to 400 
 inhabitants mostly fishermen, their dwellings are small and 
 Intirely scattered along its shores. This Island would have 
 been settled long since, could the people wishing to reside 
 thereon have obtained title deeds from a ]Mr. Farrcll to whom 
 it is granted." 
 
 GuSTAVrs NiCOLLS. 
 
 H. M. S. Schooner "Hunter" Capt. Conroy, Ensn. 
 30th June 1808. 
 
 To His Excelly Lt Genl Sir George Brovost, Bart. 
 
 Copy of a letter from Mr. Augustus Sacket, Chief magis- 
 trate and collector of Sackets Harl)or, State of New York, 
 addressed to Mr. Cartwright, dated Aug. I9tli, 1808. 
 
 Ii7 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Hon. Richard Cartwright, Respected Sir : — 
 
 By the order of the Secretary of War of the United States 
 a small body of troops have been ordered into this District, 
 to be stationed at such places as commanding officer and Col- 
 lector of this port may direct. Acting under the latter ca- 
 pacity, and being informed that there Avas no disposition on 
 the part of the British Government to retain Carleton Island 
 in the river St. Lawrence, we have deemed Carleton Island the 
 most proper place to be the station for the United States 
 troops. I should be happy to have the same given up. If 
 you will be so obliging as to have this request laid before the 
 proper authority, I will esteem it as a particular favor. 
 
 I am sincerely. 
 
 Your Obt. Servant, 
 Augustus Sacket. 
 
 Encampment, Sacket Harbor. 
 
 Aug. 22nd, 1808. 
 Sirs : — 
 
 I have the honor to state, that I am under orders to take 
 post with my detachment at such point on this frontier as 
 shall enable me best to support the duties and laws pertain- 
 ing to my office of Collector of Revenues in this District. No 
 place appears so eligible as Carleton Island for the purposes of 
 my orders. It has been stated to me that Carleton Island is at 
 present occupied by a detachment of his British Majesty's 
 troops. If so, I will thank you to point out to me the course 
 to be pursued, and to whom I should address myself to obtain 
 possession amicably and with reciprocal convenience. Carle- 
 ton Island being on the south side of the south channel of 
 the St. Lawrence, no doubt can assure that by the treaty of 
 Peace of 1783, and that of London of 1793, between our re- 
 spective nations, Carleton Island belongs to the United States. 
 I beg you will please to take an early opportunity to inform 
 me if it is practicable to obtain possession of Carleton Island 
 
 118 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 witliout interrupting the harmony that appeal's to be existing 
 between the United States and Great Britain. 
 
 I am, Sirs, 
 
 T. Cross, Lieutenant U. S. Artillery. 
 
 To 
 
 Major McKexzie. 
 
 Kingston, August 22, 1808. 
 Sirs : — 
 
 I have the honor to acknowledge etc. — in regard to Carle- 
 ton Island. My orders are to retain that place, which I shall 
 implicitly observe. The proper channel of application to 
 obtain possession of that Island would be from your gover- 
 ment to Captain General Sir James Craig, Commander-in- 
 Chief of British North America. I have transmitted your 
 letter. 
 
 I have the honor to be, etc., 
 
 F. McKexzie 
 
 Major. 
 ]\IcKenzie to Cross. 
 
 Kingston, Aug. 24, 1808. 
 Sir: 
 
 Since my letter of the 22nd Inst I have visited Carleton 
 Island where I was informed that many of the inhabitants on 
 the American shore had an idea that the armed boat was to 
 rendezvous at that Island for the purpose of preventing their 
 people carrying off the produce of the United States such as 
 potash, etc. I have taken the liberty of having Lieut. Cham- 
 bers, one Sergeant, and four privates there to reinforce that 
 post, which formerly consisted of one Corporal and three 
 
 121 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 privates of the 41st, which I hope may meet with the appro- 
 bation of his Excellency, Sir James Craig. 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 Sir, 
 Your most obt. servant, 
 Lieut. John Thurston, 
 
 Military Sec'y. 
 
 York, Aug. 28, 1808. 
 Sir: 
 
 Major McKenzie commanding at Kingston, having re- 
 ported to your Excellency the very extraordinary request 
 made to a private by the Colonel of Sacket Harbor for the 
 occupation of Carleton Island, I have directed Major Mc- 
 Kenzie to cause it to be communicated through the proper 
 channel, that Carleton Island being in the possession of his 
 Majesty's Forces he cannot permit it to be occupied by the 
 Armed Forces of any other Nation. 
 
 I have the honor to l)e, etc., 
 
 Francis Gove, Lt. Governor. 
 To his Excellency, 
 
 Sir James Craig, K. B. 
 
 Kingston, Nov. 2, 1808. 
 Sir : 
 
 Regular troops stationed along the St. Lawrence. Gov- 
 ernment examining banks of the St. Lawrence for the most 
 proper military stations. 
 
 Vessels building at Oswegatchie. 
 
 Vessels pretend to be driven here by stress of weather, but 
 for the express purpose of examining the different entrances 
 to this port. These particulars have been collected from some 
 of the most intelligent and respectable persons among the 
 American settlers in our neighborhood, who appear also to re- 
 
 122 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 gard them as having reference to other views, besides enforc- 
 ing the Embargo. At all events they appear to merit the 
 notice of the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 I have the honor to be 
 Richard Cartwright. 
 To Major McKenzie. 
 
 CANADIAN ARCHIVES SERIES C. 
 
 VOL. 673, P. 149. 
 
 (Midland District.) 
 
 Kingston, Nov. 3, 1808. 
 
 Personally appeared before me R. Cartwright who maketh 
 oath : 
 
 That on Monday evening as he was proceeding with his 
 boat along the southeast shore of Wolfe Island, and not more 
 than 30 rods from shore, he was boarded by Lieut. Bebie who 
 examined his boat, and finding nothing on board treated him 
 civilly and went away. In about 15 minutes after he was 
 hailed by another boat, in which was ]Mr. Hart Massey, Col- 
 lector of Customs of Sackets Harbor, with a party of soldiers, 
 the same Lieutenant who boarded him before, and a Colonel 
 of the American Army, and desired him to come to. That 
 this deponent refused ; wherupon the said Massey told him to 
 come alongside or they were all dead men, and ordered the 
 soldiers to take up their arms, which they did, but did not 
 fire. The deponent ran his boat ashore, told Massey he was 
 in the king's country and had no right to meddle. Massey 
 replied he would risque that and came aboard with a party 
 of soldiers and took possession of the boat, telling this de- 
 ponent he might take his baggage, and he should land on any 
 shore he pleased. Wherupon the said ]\Iassey put 4 men into 
 the boat, directed them to take her to Mr. Spinning, his dep- 
 uty. Not being able to reach Spinning, the l)oat was put 
 
 123 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 on shore abovit 3 miles down the river at a Captain Hub- 
 bard's, where the party bespolce their supper; and while they 
 were getting ready, the deponent seized a favorable oppor- 
 tunity to get in his boat and cut the cable, and made his es- 
 cape, bringing away a man who had been left to guard the 
 boat, but was asleep. The Monday mentioned above is Mon- 
 day 31st day of October last. 
 
 (Sig.) R. Cartwkight. C. P. 
 John Fuston of LeRay was in the boat. 
 
 A true copy 
 
 Wm. Hatton, 
 Secretary. 
 Sworn before me at 
 Kingston aforesaid 
 the 3rd Day of November 
 
 1808 
 Signed 
 
 his 
 Andw X Denyke. 
 mark 
 
 Description of Fort Haldimand. 
 
 Hough says : 
 
 "The plan of the fort shows it to have been after the sys- 
 tem of Vauban, and formed three-eighths of a circle of about 
 800 feet in diameter ; the abrupt face of the hill, which was 
 doubtless protected by a stockade, not requiring those de- 
 fences, which were furnished to the rear. The ditch is ex- 
 cavated in rock, is -ift. deej) and 22 wide. The covered way 
 is 24 feet wide, the counter-scarp vertical, the outer parapet 
 4 feet high, and the glacis formed of material taken from the 
 ditch. The rampart within the ditch was of earth and is 
 very much dilapidated. Riivelins were made before each re- 
 entrant angle, and at the alternate salient angles bastions 
 were so placed as to command the foot and its various ap- 
 
 124. 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 proaches, very effectually. The premises have at all times 
 furnished a great abundance of rehcs, among them many but- 
 tons whose devices without exception indicate an English 
 origin. Figures 60, 34*, 8-h, etc., accompanied by the device 
 of the thistle, anchor and crown designated the regiments to 
 which their wearer belonged. 
 
 "In June, 1812, on the declaration of war the guard was 
 surprised and captured without resistance, the buildings 
 burned and never after used as a fort." 
 
 It is said that Captain Abner Hubbard, of Milieu's Bay, 
 with several of his neighbors captured the post which con- 
 sisted of three men and two women. 
 
 "In 1860 nine chimneys were standing on the site of Fort 
 Haldimand. A little northward of the fort was the garrison 
 cemetery, and beyond this, a fourth of a mile from the ram- 
 parts, is an ancient Indian burial-ground in a grove of small 
 trees on the bank of the river. In a grave opened there in 
 I860, the skeleton of a chief was found, bearing evidence 
 that the body was first wrapped in the hide of a Buffalo, then 
 swathed in birch-bark, and next deposited in a board coffin. 
 With the skeleton was found a silver gorget on which was en- 
 graved a running deer, a fine silver armlet bearing the ro^'al 
 arms of England, silver earrings and other trinkets. The 
 armlets was ornamented with the royal arms and the letters 
 G. R. and a group enclosed within branches of the olive palm, 
 composed of a crown resting upon a sword and sceptre 
 crossed. The ornaments were distributed among the Indian 
 chiefs by the British government, to secure their loyalty. 
 They were worn suspended from the neck and rested upon the 
 upper part of the breast." 
 
 A military class-right for 500 acres was located at the 
 head of the island, October 2nd, 1876, by William Richard- 
 son. Mathew Watson and William Guilland purchased the 
 class-right : Mr. Guilland sold his right to Watson who died 
 leaving three children, two of whom died leaving their sister 
 Margaret heir-in-law. ^Margaret married Jacob TenBrocck 
 
 125 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 and sold the right to Charles Smyth, who purchased the re- 
 mainder, in all about 1,200 acres. 
 
 On May 6, 1893, Mr. W. O. WyckofF purchased the upper 
 part of Carleton Island and erected a summer home, called 
 "Carleton Villa," now owned and occupied by Mr. Clarence 
 F. Wyckoff. This portion of the island was known during 
 the Revolutionary War as Government Point. Mrs. Emma K. 
 Sheley owns the lower portion once called Merchant's Point. 
 Here also are the summer homes of Mr. William Howarth 
 and the Utica Club, Utica, N. Y. Mrs. C. E. Wilhams, 
 Rome, N. Y., Mr. C. M. Stanley and Mr. J. T. Morrison, 
 Ithaca, N. Y., Mr. E. M. Knight, Interlaken, N. Y. 
 
 Mr. B. H. Jackson owns and occupies a farm on the south 
 shore, a portion of which is still known as the "King's Gar- 
 den," having been cultivated for the use of the troops quar- 
 tered here during the war. Other residents are Mr. Robert 
 Allen, of the U. S. Light Station, Messrs. Jacob and Fred 
 Putnam, Mr. Alexander and Mr. Wilham C Home, Mr. 
 George Bolton, Mr. Wallace Putnam, and Mr. Dwight 
 Borland. 
 
 1800-1906. 
 Grenadier Island. 
 
 Grenadier, Little Grenadier and Fox Islands, the islands 
 in Lake Ontario which are included in the township of Cape 
 Vincent, were a part of the purchase made by Alexander 
 Macomb in 1791. Owing, however, to uncertainty as to the 
 location of the boundary line between Canada and the United 
 States, only settled in 1819, they were not patented until 
 October 1, 1824, when they were granted to Hezekiah B. 
 Pierrepont and others. The islands were occupied at this 
 time by people who, without right or title, had settled there, 
 and were unwilling to surrender possession. 
 
 Grenadier Island, the "He aux Chevreuil" of the French, 
 was without doubt visited many times by the early explorers. 
 
 126 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Basin Harbor, a bay at its eastern extremity, affords anchor- 
 age for moderate sized vessels. Champlain passed it by, 
 but Frontcnac and his army passed the night on its shores, 
 and Charlevoix speaks of its fine port, "which can receive 
 large barques." It lay in the course of the armies of the 
 French and English and has seen hosts of armed men and 
 hordes of Indians pass with spoils of war. Champlain, De- 
 la Barre, Frontenac, Montcalm, Bradstreet, Amherst and 
 St. Leger — what a succession of men renowned in history 
 have visited its shores, during a period of more than two 
 hundred years of recurring conflict. 
 
 Hough says : "Grenadier Island first began to be settled 
 two or three years before the war;" also that one John 
 Mitchell was the first settler. 
 
 A public highway was surveyed there on June 19, 1834, 
 by Hyland Millen and J. Cross. "Commencing at a point 
 near a large basswood tree, standing on the shore in Basni 
 Harbor near the dwelling house of I. P. Brower, thence to 
 the southern shore, thence northeasterly, following the said 
 shore through all its wanderings and curvings to the foot of 
 a new bridge, crossing a swale, thence across the said bridge, 
 intersecting the road near the place of beginning, as laid 
 down on a map surveyed by I. P. Brower, dated Oct 1, 
 1832." 
 
 Grenadier contains 1312 acres, and is now owned and oc- 
 cupied by Messrs. Michael and John D. Fitzgerald, and 
 Harrison Humphrey. Here also is the summer house of Mr. 
 Edward B. Talcott of New York, who has visited Cape Vin- 
 cent and its vicinity for twenty years. Four years ago Mr. 
 Talcott purchased a point of land on Grenadier, having a 
 water front of nearly a mile. He erected a spacious dwell- 
 ing, a building for helpers and guides, cold storage, boat 
 house and a wharf. Mr. Talcott remains at Halcyon Point, 
 as the place is called, from May until late in October, enjoy- 
 
 127 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ing tlic bass fishing of the early summer and duck-hunting 
 in the Fall. 
 
 The fishing and duck-hunting in the vicinity of Grenadier 
 are conceded to be the best on the St. Lawrence River. 
 
 The most notable event connected with Grenadier is the 
 expedition of Major General James Wilkinson which assem- 
 bled on the island in October, 1813. 
 
 Much of interest connected with the War of 1812 took 
 place within this vicinity. Early in October, 1813, General 
 John Armstrong, Secretary of War, drove from Sackets 
 Harbor to Cape Vincent to select a place of rendezvous for 
 the army on the St. Lawrence River. Grenadier Island was 
 the place selected. 
 
 Secretary Armstrong was anxious to secure control of 
 the St. Lawrence by the capture of Kingston, but the plan 
 was not approved by General Wilkinson, who freely sug- 
 gested modifications. The Secretary of War, always im- 
 patient when his opinions were disputed, became inimical to 
 General Wilkinson, although he himself had invited him to 
 come north, and from that time Wilkinson was in disfavor. 
 
 The latter, as commander-in-chief of the Northern Army, 
 while on his way to Sackets Harbor, sent from Albany his 
 first orders to General Hampton. General Hampton took 
 umbrage, insisting that his was a separate command, and 
 announced his resignation in case he should be compelled 
 to act under Winklnson. Ingersol, in his "Historical Sketch 
 of the Second War," says: "The three were affected with a 
 madness that destroyed them all." 
 
 Wilkinson's first care, after arriving at Sackets Harbor, 
 August 20, 1813, was to concentrate the forces of his com- 
 mand. He directed those at Niagara and Sackets Harbor 
 to assemble on Grenadier Island. Orders were issued re- 
 specting the provision of "water transport suitable to navi- 
 gate shoal and rapid streams, amply sufficient to bear 7,000 
 
 128 
 
■^S^*f;«3«»^" 
 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 men, with their camp equipage, baggage, two months' pro- 
 vision, 20 battering cannons, and 40 field pieces with equip- 
 ments, and 300 rounds of ammunition each; together with 
 the stores and attiral of the ordnance, quarter-masters, 
 medical and other departments essential to the accomoda- 
 tion and comfort of an armament destined to invade a hos- 
 tile country." 
 
 On the afternoon of October 16th, orders were given for 
 the embarkation of the troops. The}^ were crowded in scows, 
 Burham boats, batteaux and common lake sailing craft, with 
 ordnance, ammunition and hospital supplies. A violent 
 storm of rain and sleet occurred about midnight as the fleet 
 passed Pt. Peninsula. The boats were scattered in every di- 
 rection, and morning revealed the shores strewn with wreck- 
 age. 
 
 For two days the wind blew furiously. Fifteen large 
 boats were totally lost. One gun-boat and five scows were 
 stranded on Pt. Peninsula, and others on Fox Island. 
 Owing to ignorance of the pilots, still others were driven 
 over to Wolfe Island. 
 
 "Major M^'ers was very active in saving lives and prop- 
 erty. He found the schooners lying on their sides and the 
 sea breaking over them. Many of the men had perished, the 
 hatches were open, and the vessels half filled with water. By 
 great exertions and personal risk, Major Myers saved two 
 hundred persons who had embarked on the schooners. About 
 fifty were dead." 
 
 General Wilkinson, on hoard The Lady of tJic Lake, 
 was passing to and fro between Grenadier and Sackets Har- 
 bor, looking after the hapless expedition. A report made to 
 him on the 22nd, showed a large number of troops still de- 
 layed in vessels wrecked or stranded. After arriving at 
 Grenadier, many boats dragged anchor, and were wrecked 
 on Fox Island; these contained the quarter-master's stores. 
 
 131 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Finally the troops arrived and encamped, chiefly comprising 
 the First Brigade under General Boyd, — the 5th, 12th, and 
 13th Regiments ; the 2nd Brigade under Gen'l. Brown, — 
 the 6th, 15th, and 22 Regiments ; the 3rd Brigade under 
 Covington, — the 7th, 16th and 25th Regiments ; the 4th 
 Brigade under Swartwout, — the 11th, 21st and 14?th Regi- 
 ments ; and the fifth Brigade under Porter, — Composed of 
 light troops and artillery. They had no shelter except 
 painted cloths ; storm succeeded storm, snow falling to the 
 depth of ten inches. On the 24th of Oct. Gen'l. Wilkinson, 
 "On board the Lady of the Lake off* Grenadier Island," 
 wrote the following letter to the Secretary of War : 
 
 "The extent of the injury to our crafts, clothing, arms 
 and provision greatly exceeds our apprehensions, and has 
 subjected us to the necessity of furnishing clothing and of 
 making repairs and equipment to the flotilla generally. In 
 fact all of our hopes have been blasted; but, thanks to the 
 same Providence that placed us in jeopardy, we are sur- 
 mounting our dificulties and God willing, I shall pass Pres- 
 cott on the night of the 1st or 2nd proximo." 
 
 During their encampment on the island, the troops were 
 employed in putting their arms in order, repairing wrecked 
 vessels and making the necessary arrangements to proceed 
 to French Creek. Lieut. Scott and forty men of the second 
 regiment, were taken off Long Island, where they had been 
 cast ashore, and landed in Cape Vincent by Lieut. Wolsey 
 of the U. S. Schooner Sylph. 
 
 For some time the fleets of Commodore Chauncey, an 
 auxiliary force in General Wilkinson's expedition, had been 
 playing a kind of hide and seek game over the eastern end 
 of Lake Ontario. This gave rise to a song very popular at 
 this time, of which one verse is as follows : 
 
 132 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 "For a nautical knight, a lady-heigh-ho ! 
 
 Felt her heart and her heart strings to ache: 
 To view his dear person, she looked to and fro. 
 The name of the knight was Sir James Yeo. 
 
 And the Lady — t'was she of the Lake. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake was the vessel upon which Gen'l 
 Wilkinson made his headquarters during the stay on Grena- 
 dier Island. 
 
 The Following are Extracts From Letters Written at 
 
 Kingston, Ontario, to Sir George Prevost, 
 
 Governor-General of Canada, 
 
 October 28, 1813: 
 
 "The enemy's Fleet is off Grenadier Island and the whole 
 of their grand armada is now in a perfect state of readiness 
 to pounce upon us the first favorable opportunity." 
 I have the honor to be most respectfully, 
 
 Your Excellency's most obedient 
 and most humble servant. 
 (Sig.) Francis de Rothenberg, 
 
 M. General. 
 
 A second letter affords evidence of a traitor on Grenadier : 
 
 "Major Frend informs me, He was informed that the 
 Americans had returned to their station at Cranberry Creek; 
 with four gun boats and two large Durham Boats, full of 
 troops and that this intelligence has been corroborated to 
 him by an inhabitant of Grenadier Island, who told him 
 that they daily sent out a small skiff to reconnoitre and that 
 a detailed report of their proceedings had that morning been 
 sent by express to Col. Pierson." 
 
 In the same letter the writer speaks of "rooting out and 
 destroying this nest of robbers :" also of "the destruction or 
 capture of the enemy's flotilla." The letter is signed Ed- 
 ward Baynes, Adj. Gen'l, and dated Kingston, August 16, 
 1813. 
 
 133 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 The following is another Icttci' from de Rothenbcrg : 
 
 *'The Enemy has made a movement in force around Carle- 
 ton Island, Sir James (Yeo.) has sent out reconnoitering 
 Boats to ascertain the point they are gone to. They have 
 been erecting Log Houses opposite Grand lie. (Wolfe) for 
 the purpose of giving more shelter to their Troops so much 
 crowded at Grenadier Island." 
 
 (Sig.) Francis de Rottexberg, M. General. 
 
 Extracts from the Diary of John K. Paige, Capt. 13th Regt., 
 
 U. S. A.: 
 
 Oct. 24th, 25th "Severe Storm." 
 
 Oct. 26, "Artillery and fifth regiment leave 
 
 the Island." 
 
 Oct. 27, "Second brigade leaves the Island." 
 
 Oct. 28th and 29th "Rain and snow, severe wind prevents 
 our sailing." 
 
 Oct. '30th, "Embark, severe wind renders it im- 
 
 possible for our ijoats to weather 4* 
 mile Point. Some in making the at- 
 tempt were driven on Fox Island. 
 
 Oct. 31st & Nov. 1st, "Violent wind and snowstorm." 
 
 Nov. 2nd, "Embark, and have a fine sail to 
 
 Gravelly Point, twelve miles. Stop 
 in consequence of information that 
 part of the British fleet lay off" the 
 point of Long Island." 
 
 Nov. 3rd, "Our fleet moved down the channel 
 
 and we sail to French Creek." 
 
 A portion of the troops succeeded in leaving the island on 
 the afternoon of the 30th ; owing to the severe winds and in- 
 competent pilots several boats went ashore. The GroioJer, 
 having on board Col. Randolph's regiment of 230 men, went 
 aground twice near Gravelly Point and was abandoned. A 
 
 134 
 
Cape Vincent and its Mistory 
 
 hirge oi-duancc schooner with Captain Art'her'.s Company 
 on board, ran on a reef off the head of Carleton Island, and 
 remained until the following day, when a hundred men sent 
 by Col. Bissell lightened her. 
 
 The Flotilla Proceeded in the Following Order to French 
 
 Creek : 
 
 "Eight gunboats in front. 
 
 350 feet. 
 
 Sixteen boats — Light Artillery and Elite Corps. 
 
 600 feet. 
 
 Twenty-four boats — First Brigade. 
 
 150 feet. 
 
 Twenty-four boats — Third Brigade. 
 
 150 feet. 
 
 Twelve boats — Ordnance and Artillery Park. 
 
 150 feet. 
 
 Twelve boats — Hospital Dept. 
 
 150 feet. 
 
 Twelve boats — Commissary Dept. 
 
 150 feet. 
 
 Twenty-four boats — Second Brigade. 
 
 150 feet. 
 Twenty-four boats — Fourth Brigade. 
 300 feet. 
 Four Gunboats in rear carrying, two twelve-pounders and 
 two four-pounders." 
 
 General James Wilkinson, who commanded the expedition 
 against Canada, joined the Continental Army in 1775, and 
 was an active subaltern ojfficer during the entire war. He 
 w^as lieutenant-colonel in an expedition against the Indians in 
 1791, and was made brigadier-general in 1792. He com- 
 manded the right wing of Wayne's army in 1791', and was 
 general-in-chief of the U. S. Army from' 1796 to 1798, and 
 
 135 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 from 1800 to 1812. He was one of the connnissioners to 
 receive Louisiana from the French in 1803, and governor 
 of that territory from 1805 to 1807. He was made major- 
 general in 1813, and ordered to command on the northern 
 frontier. Alexander Hamilton wrote to John Adams the 
 following letter relating to him : 
 
 "General Wilkinson served with distinction in our Revolu- 
 tionary War, and acquired in it the rank of brigadier-gen- 
 eral. He is eminently qualified as to talent, is brave, en- 
 terprising, active and diligent, warmly animated by the 
 genuine spirit of his profession, and devoted to it." 
 
 The disasters at the beginning of the expedition cannot be 
 attributed to its commander. That it failed was due to the 
 conduct of Wade Hampton, also commanding on the north- 
 ern frontier. 
 
 General Wilkinson was not dismissed from the army. 
 After the trial by court martial, in which he was acquitted, 
 he left the army and retired to his estate in Mexico where he 
 died in 1825, after years of service, in which every faculty 
 had been exerted in the cause of his country. 
 
 "N. H. easier. Cape Vincent, N. Y. 
 
 The records show that Major-General James Wikinson, 
 referred to, was honorably discharged the service June 15, 
 1815, upon the reduction of the Army to a peace footing. 
 
 F. C. AiNSWORTH, 
 
 The Military Secretary." 
 Washington, July 23, 1905. 
 
 In connection with Grenadier Island may be recounted the 
 story of the burning of the propeller Wisconsin, told })y Mr. 
 Pratt in his sketch of Cape Vincent. 
 
 "The Wisconsin, owned by the Northern Transportation 
 Company, left Cape Vincent wharf shortly after ten, the eve- 
 
 136 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ning of May 21, 1867, with passengers and crew nuinl)ering 
 about one hundred. Half an hour later the boat was dis- 
 covered to be on fire. Captain Townsend immediately gaA'e 
 orders to head the Wisconsin for Grenadier Island. Panic- 
 stricken men and women crowded into the large yawl, without 
 considering the load it would bear, and in the confusion it 
 was lowered to the water. As the steamer was beached the 
 yawl capsized, and its occupants were thrown into the water. 
 The wheel was running at full speed so that every person 
 was drawn under and perished. 
 
 "The steward, C H. Dodge, swam ashore with a rope, 
 the end of which he fastened securely, and then went back 
 and assisted the remaining passengers to reach the island. 
 It is believed no one was lost who used this rope as a means 
 of rescue. 
 
 "The next morning fourteen l)odics were recovered and 
 ten others were found from time to time as they washed 
 ashore. Everything possible was done by the residents of 
 the island for the relief of the survivors." 
 
 Fox Island. 
 
 On the early maps this island is designated as "Isle aux 
 Renard." It contains two hundred and fifty acres and is 
 now owned by William J. Grant. Here the Hon. Elon R. 
 Brown of Watertown, N. Y., Hon. Horace White of Syra- 
 cuse, N. Y., Judge Wallace of Albany, and Hon. Lawrence 
 E. Sexton, of New York City, have erected a spacious club 
 house. The early owners of the island w^ere T. L. Ogden, 
 J. T. Ainsworth, John A. Vincent, Furman Fish, James 
 Harris, and C H. Bates. 
 
 The Barracks. 
 On the main shore near Grenadier Island, Mrs. A. C ^lac- 
 
 137 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Doncll of Rochester, N. Y., has recently purchased an exten- 
 sive tract of land known as Humphrey's Point. Here Mrs. 
 MacDonell is buildino- a beautiful summer liouse which she 
 has named the "Barracks." The surroundings are pictur- 
 esque and attractive, and afford one of the most delightful 
 views to be found in this entire rea'ion. 
 
 Little Grenadier Island. 
 
 This island lies near Grenadier, and has been made one of 
 the most beautiful islands in the town by a quartet of gentle- 
 men who have built a summer home there. The island was 
 purchased in 1897, and the buildings erected in 1898. Its 
 owners. General Louis Fitzgerald of Garrison-on-the-Hud- 
 son, Messrs. Richard LL Haistead, Russell Murray and 
 George C. Andrea of New York City, have done everything 
 possible to make it an ideal summer home. 
 
 Among the summer visitors to Cape Vincent, improving 
 the opportunities the St. Lawrence affords for enjoying 
 house-boating life, is Mr. Samuel A. Maxwell of New York. 
 His house-boat Pamela is usually anchored in North Bay, 
 Carleton Island, a locality particularly adapted for the safe 
 anchorage of house-l)oats. Mr. Maxwell remains from ^lay 
 until late in October, making frequent pleasure cruises on the 
 river and lake in his yacht Lucy Ann. 
 
 Cape Vincent is steadily growing in popularity as a sum- 
 mer resort. Here may be found the best bass fishing among 
 the Thousand Islands. The surroundings arc picturesque 
 and attractive, and the climate mild and healthful. It is 
 probable that no place on the St. Lawrence has a more 
 agreeable temperature in summer. 
 
 138 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 The Le Rays and the Settlement of Rosiere by the 
 French. 
 
 Vincent Le Ray was a methodical business man. After 
 paying to the last cent his father's liabilities, he saved a 
 large fortune from the estate. He married Cornelia Juhel, 
 a daughter of his father's second wife, who bore him one son, 
 James. After his return to France and the death of his 
 wife he married Madam Cornelia de Gerdy. He died Janu- 
 ary 14, 1875. 
 
 A clipping from an old paper, date not given, reads, 
 "Married in the city of Paris, France, on the 26th March 
 last, James, son of Vincent Le Ray dc Chaumont of Jeffer- 
 son County, New York, to Jennie, daughter of the Marquis 
 de Valosi of the City of Paris." From this union sprang 
 one son, Charles Le Ray de Chaumont, Marquis de St. Paul, 
 now living near Checy Loiret, France. To him am I in- 
 debted for the photograph forming the frontispiece of this 
 volumn. He has visited this country twice. His title is in- 
 herited from his mother's line. 
 
 James D. Le Ray de Chaumont made large purchases of 
 land in Northern New York while attempting to effect a 
 settlement of his father's claims against the United States 
 Government for assistance rendered during the Revolution- 
 ary War. He was born at the Chateau de Chaumont on 
 the Loire between Blois and Tours, on November 13, 1760. 
 He married Miss Grace Coxe of New Jersey, February 21, 
 1790, and later returned to France where his son Vincent 
 and daughter Therese were born. He came to America 
 again in 1807, accompanied by his son Vincent, who from 
 that time assisted him in the management of his business. 
 In 1810, he returned to France leaving Vincent to manage 
 his affairs with Moss Kent, as agent. All the early deeds 
 of the town bear the signature of Vincent Le Ray. In 1816 
 
 141 
 
.Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Tlicrcse Le Ray married Marquis Amadce de Gouvello and 
 accompanied her father to America, residing here and at 
 LeRaysville several years. After returning to France a son 
 Amadee, the present Marquis de Gouvello was born. He 
 married a daughter of General Grouchy and lives at Kirleve- 
 nan in Brittany. Marquis de Gouvello is largely interested 
 in philanthropic work, and is an extreme Royalist, inherit- 
 ing none of the republican principles of his grandfather, 
 James D. Le Ray. He has never visited America, but his son, 
 Colonel de Gouvello, and his son-in-law, Vicomte d'Abouville, 
 represented the family at the Yorlctown Centennial Celebra- 
 tion in 1881. 
 
 Northern New York owes much to the liberality of the 
 LeRays and their arduous and successful labors in the settle- 
 ment of the towns of Jefferson County. The original occu- 
 pants of the land in the French settlements were Americans. 
 Among the earliest settlers were Jacob Van Nostrand, Aaron 
 Whitcomb, Samuel F. Mills, Phineas and Asahel Powers 
 and Thomas Shaw. 
 
 The French settlers began to arrive about 1830, coming 
 from Rosiere, Aubercy, Sembry and St. Marcel, France. 
 On their arrival the men wore a l)louse of blue cloth with 
 collar and cuffs embroidered with coarse white thread ; and 
 wooden shoes worn by them are still found among their des- 
 cendants. They were all devout Catholics and were no sooner 
 arrived than they planned tlie erection of a church. The fol- 
 lowing extract from a circular published by Mr. Vincent Le- 
 Ray in February 1832, is copied from Reverend John Tal- 
 bot Smith's History of the Diocese of Ogdensburg : 
 
 "On the opposite side of the St. Lawrence from Cape Vin- 
 cent lies Kingston, the former capital of Upper Canada, a 
 city of considerable size and affording a good market for 
 our products. It contains a Catholic Cliurch. While we 
 
 142 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 are unable' to build a chu'.-cli of our own, \\\v parish ])rie.st 
 of Kingston, thanks to the arrangements made bj Mr. Le- 
 Raj, will visit us from time to time. We are, however, 
 already bus}' with the construction of a church. We contri- 
 bute to its erection by direct assessment, two mills to the 
 dollar, which will be placed to our credit in the pew-rent 
 account. New-comers will be assessed in the same manner. 
 To hasten a work whose completion is so much desired, the 
 proprietary (Mr. LeRay) besides bearing gratuitously one 
 quarter of the expense, will advance what we are bound, but 
 are as yet unable to pay. This he does that the church may 
 be ready next year, and may be built of a size convenient not 
 alone for the present population, but for the future increase 
 we hope for. Its situation is well chosen. It is central for 
 the present settlers, close to those farms which the next emi- 
 grants must select, and three-quarters of a mile from the 
 saw-mill and grist-mill. There we shall found a village for 
 trades-people and laborers, and, as the first settlers and the 
 majority of us came from Rosiere, this shall be its name. 
 
 Rosiere, February, 1832. 
 
 Signed, Huger Aubertin of Blonde Fontaine; I'oussaint 
 Laurent, Simon and Nicolas C'ornair, Pierre Barthelemy, 
 Nicolas Cocaigne, Jean Branche, Nicolas Jacquct, Francois 
 C'hapron, Jean Billery of Aubercy; (iaude Barl)ien of Oig- 
 net ; ^larcel Avibrey of Sembry : Jacques ]Mentry and I'ierrc 
 B)-unot of St. Marcel." 
 
 About this time Mr. LeRa}' opened a land office in Rosiere. 
 He was a considerate landlord and it was owing to his influ- 
 ence that so many of his countr^^men came here. Following 
 these settlers already mentioned were the Gosiers, Dezen- 
 gremels, Grandjeans, Mussots, Chavousties, Dunlays, 
 Peaus, Colons, Grappottes and Favreys, names well known 
 and whose descendants are prominent in our town. 
 
 John Battis Roljail and jMarie x\iuie, his wife, from Nor- 
 
 143 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 mandy, France, for many years kept the tavern near the 
 church. Over its doorway swung a sign bearing the picture of 
 a woman's face and the inscription ''La Belle Rosiere." ^Ir. 
 Robail for years acted as interpreter for the French settlers. 
 Like many of them, Mr. Robail was one of Napoleon's sol- 
 diers, and his daughter, Mrs. Chavoustie, has in her posses- 
 sion a cloth needle-book that her father carried with him 
 through the Russian Campaign. 
 
 The corner stone of the old French church was laid by 
 Bishop Dubois in the summer of 1832. Mr. LeRa}^ pre- 
 sented land which yielded an annual revenue. It lay some 
 distance from the church and near the railroad. Father Si- 
 mon said the first mass and was served by Charles Gaugien. 
 The people later became dependent upon priests from King- 
 ston, and an occasional missionary who said mass and heard 
 confessions at intervals. Father Francis Guth came here in 
 1837, and remaining until 1843, was succeeded by Father 
 Kapp, wliose mission work extended into Lewis County. His 
 successor was the Reverend Michael Guth, who found it nec- 
 essary to call an assistant, Father Ancet, in whose charge 
 was placed the work of building the Catholic Church in the 
 village of Cape Vincent. Father Louis Lepic came in 1851. 
 Father Guth took the parishes of Clayton and Lafargeville, 
 and Father Lepic, Cape Vincent and Rosiere. Both resided 
 at Rosiere. Li 1869, the Reverend Victor Ritter came and 
 built during his pastorate a parochial residence on the land 
 given by Mr. LeRay. 
 
 During the next five years. Fathers Penet, Avcnt, Conlon 
 and the Reverend Joseph Durin officiated. The church was 
 now too small for the steadily increasing congregation, and 
 when Father James Sherry came in 1877, the work of erect- 
 ing a new church was begun. A handsome new building was 
 erected near the railroad station on the parisli property, and 
 
 144. 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 dedicnted by Bishop Wadhanis in 1880 under the title of St. 
 Vincent de Paul. 
 
 Father Sherry was succeeded in 1883 by Father Connors, 
 who in turn gave place the next year to Father William S. 
 Kelley. The church of St. Vincent de Paul in Cape Vincent 
 village was completed by Father Lepic, and dedicated by 
 Bishop JNIcCloskey in June, 1858. Services were held by 
 Father Ancet in the house of Augustus Duford until the com- 
 pletion of the church building. From the time of its incep- 
 tion the church here was attended by priests whose residences 
 were in Rosiere or some other part of the mission. The 
 stone for the building was presented by Louis Goler. 
 
 The first of April, 1894, during Father Kelley's pastor- 
 ate, the house of Lorenzo Kelsey was purchased, and from 
 that time the parochial residence has been in this village. In 
 1901, Father Kelley was succeeded by Father Guilbault. 
 Cape Vincent and Rosiere became separate parishes on the 
 first of September, 1902, and the Reverend John F. Byrnes 
 now officiates in the latter place. Last year, in 1905, Father 
 Byrnes completed a handsome parochial residence near the 
 church. This with the flourishing condition of the parish, 
 bespeaks the high esteem in which the Reverend Father is 
 held. 
 
 The old stone church was not long deserted ere it fell into 
 ruins and to-day scarcely a stone remains to mark the spot 
 where it stood. In the quiet graveyard across the way many 
 of the heroes of Austerlitz are buried. In the church in 
 Cape Vincent village many improvements have been made. 
 A magnificient brass railing surrounding the altar is the gift 
 of the Peugnet family ; and the bell is the gift of the late 
 John B. Grappotte. 
 
 Some years following the French settlement at Rosiere, 
 other French families came into the town, among them the 
 
 145 
 
Cape Vincent and its^History 
 
 Crevoliiis, Du Villards, Golers and Dufords. ]Many per- 
 sons of German descent, the Constances, Shafers, Swartwouts, 
 Schmidlines, Weavers, and the late Dr. Martin Braun were 
 early settlers. 
 
 The first mill in Cape Vincent was built on Kent's Creek, 
 about three-quarters of a mile from the Catholic Church. 
 The creek received its name from Moss Kent, a surveyor 
 and agent for Mr. Le Ray. The first bridge across it was 
 built by Hyland Millen. 
 
 Business Houses in Rosiere. 
 
 General Merchandise, G. W. White, C E. Wiley. 
 
 Rosiere House, R. L. Halladay, Prop. 
 
 Postmaster, W. J. Dunlay ; Carrier, Route 1, Simeon 
 
 Branchc. 
 Station Master, N. Y. C. and H. R. Ry., H. W. Rannier. 
 Blacksmith, J. Brady. 
 Meat Market, William Halladay. 
 Hay Dealers, A. E. and E. A. Gosier, Louis Dunlay. 
 
 1801-1906. 
 First Settlements on the Main Land. 
 
 Abijah Putnam, who came from Rome, Oneida County, 
 in 1801, was the first settler on the main land. He chose a 
 site about two miles below the present village of Cape Vin- 
 cent, calling the settlement Port Putnam. From here he es- 
 tablished a ferry to Wolfe Island. On a map made in 1809 
 the place is called Kingston Ferry. The exact location of 
 Port Putnam was on the farms now owned by Mrs. Robin- 
 son and Mr. Henry Peo. 
 
 In 1803 the State road was extended from Brownville to 
 the St. Lawrence River, terminating at Port Putnam. Be- 
 
 146 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 tween the two farms mentioned, there is a piece of hmd, now 
 owned by the state, which was a portion of the state road 
 formerly running through the center of the village. 
 
 Peter Sternberg of Mindcn and John Macomb of Herki- 
 mer purchased Putnam's property. Two hundred and thirty- 
 one acres were deeded to them on June 11, 1805, and here 
 they planned a village. jMr. Putnam removed to Watertown, 
 where he purchased Mr. Isaiah Massey's tavern and twenty 
 acres of land on Washington street. 
 
 The original map of Port Putnam, is a fine piece of work, 
 showing a public square, broad streets parallel with the river. 
 Water street. First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth 
 and Seventh, and intersecting these at right angles Green, 
 Montgomery, Washington, etc. 
 
 The following Data Shows the Advantages of the Village : 
 
 A Village laid out on the bank of the River St, Lawrenccc, 
 in the county of Jefferson, opposite to Kingston. 
 
 "The advantages this place possesses are comprised in the 
 following items : 
 
 It is the outlet of Lake Ontario. The foot of Ship Navi- 
 gation, of course forms a natural place of deposit for the 
 Lake Trade- — Lumber of all kinds is from this place rafted 
 on a large scale, and to great advantage to Montreal & 
 Quebec, where many articles are now, and it is expected soon 
 will be in everything, equal to New York market. It takes 
 only from 9 to 13 days to make a trip with a raft to Mon- 
 treal, and with a Boat in much less time, and with such a de- 
 gree of safety, that for many years back not a single Raft 
 or Boat has been lost. The Great Black River State Road, 
 coming from Johnstown, Montgomery County, and receiv- 
 ing in its course the Roads from Little Falls, Herkimer, 
 Utica & Rome, all forming a confluence and running through 
 
 149 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 the middle of this village; crossing the River St. Lawrence by 
 a ferry to Kingston and Upper Canada. The Country in 
 the rear of this Village on the River St. Lawrence & Black 
 River, which is only 21 miles from this place ; is allowed by 
 all impartial travellers to be the most rich and fertile of any 
 in the state or possibly in the United States. 
 
 The relative situation of this Village can best be seen on 
 DeWitt's contracted Map of the State of New York, where 
 the place of this Village is marked Kingston Ferry. Streets 
 60 feet wide, excepting Washington Street, which in 100 
 feet from Water Street to the River, and Pleasant Street 
 30 feet wide. Lots 50 feet front & 125 feet (excepting 
 water lots along the Public Square) are 80 feet deep, and 
 different widths. The Public Square contains between 5 & 6 
 acres." 
 
 Mr. Sternbergh secured the exclusive right for ferrying 
 from Carleton to Wolfe Island for a term of ten years. He 
 also purchased Mr. INIacombs' share of Port Putnam, and on 
 October 31, 1805, the property was tranferred b}' John 
 Macomb and Mary his wife. 
 
 Other settlers here were Daniel Spinning, John Nicholson, 
 and John B. Esselstyn. The latter came in the spring of 
 1803, and settled on the Hassler farm, remaining until Fall, 
 when he went to Hudson, N. Y., and entered into partner- 
 ship with his brother, Richard M. Esselstyn. The brothers 
 closed their business in Hudson in 1806, and John B. re- 
 turned to his farm near Port Putnam. He proceeded to 
 clear his land, giving employment to a large number of 
 settlers. 
 
 Ashes were the first salal)le produce derived from the set- 
 tler's land, and at this time were a staple connnodity. Thous- 
 ands of feet of oak, maple, elm and pine were placed in im- 
 mense piles and burned, leaving great heaps of white ashes, 
 which were a welcome sight to the owner. These ashes were 
 
 150 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ill orcat demand in Kingston, where Mr. Essclstyn made 
 sales, deriving profits which soon made him the owner of a 
 large farm. 
 
 In the summer of 1809 Richard M. Esselstyn came, and 
 built a house and store; the brothers then entered into part- 
 nership, doing an extensive mercantile and lumbering busi- 
 ness at Gravelly Point, now the village of Cape Vincent. 
 
 Eber Kelsey came from Turin the same season, and cleared 
 fifty acres of land for James D. LeRay. He also built a 
 wharf, block dwelling house, and tavern. Dr. Avery Ains- 
 worth, the first physician here, came about this time, and 
 built a house and store. 
 
 The settlement at Port Putnam was not increasing, and 
 through Mr. LeRay's influence it was abandoned. He had 
 a survey made at Gravelly Point in 1811, since known as the 
 "Mile Square." Its northern boundary is the St. Lawrence 
 River, its eastern one Bay Street, western one the Pleasant 
 Valley road and the southern line is one mile from the St. 
 Lawrence. Gravelly Point then received the name Cape Vin- 
 cent, in honor of Mr. LeRay's son Vincent. 
 
 On June 12, 1811, John Baxter and Richard M. Essel- 
 styn, commissioners, and Jonas Smith, surveyor, surveyed a 
 road from Cape Vincent to Port Putnam. "Beginning in 
 the center of Broadway in the east line of Ferry street, to 
 the center of the State road, so as to meet the road down the 
 river to S. Brittons." 
 
 The history for the next three y^ears may be told b}^ quot- 
 ing from Mr. Solon Massey's sketch of John B. Esselstyn. 
 
 "Our relations with Great Britain had become disturbed 
 and the ordiiiary business intercourse with Canada, made 
 precarious by the "embargo" of 1807, and non-intercourse 
 laws of 1809. In consequence of this, considerable lumber, 
 which had been purchased by Messrs. Esselstyn to make into 
 rafts and send to Montreal, was laying on the shore. The 
 war of 1812 followed, preventing them from making any 
 
 151 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 use of their property, some of which was burned by Gen'l. 
 Willcinson's army, while the remainder floated off into the 
 lake and river and was never recovered." 
 
 Cape Vincent was made a port of delivery in Sackets 
 Harbor District, March 2, 1811. John B. Esselstyn was 
 the first Deputy Collector for the port. The office at tliis 
 time was one of responsibility, and required a man possess- 
 ing energy of character as well as prudence, skill and judg- 
 ment, in order that the laws might be faithfully enforced 
 without unnecessary annoyance to the people. All these 
 qualities Mr. Esselstyn possessed to a conspicuous degree. 
 
 In 1812 the declaration of war made it necessary to have 
 an armed force at Cape Vincent and General Brown gave 
 the command of the troops to Mr. Esselstyn, commissioning 
 him Major. 
 
 Perhaps there was no army post on the frontier so much in 
 danger as Cape Vincent, since the enemy had a large force 
 at Kingston. It thus required a man of military ability and 
 courage. Mr. Esselstyn was twice a prisoner in the hands 
 of the British. He was taken by a detachment of the enemy 
 while on his way to Chaumont, August 23, 1813, and de- 
 tained two weeks, then exchanged for an officer of tlie same 
 rank.'* 
 
 Many stirring events took place on this frontier, during 
 the war. The house and barns of Dr. Avery Ainsworth, in 
 Pleasant Valley, were razed, also those of Samuel Britton, 
 a Revolutionary soldier who settled near Linda Island, in 
 1805. The orchard was ruined ; but Mrs. Britton saved the 
 cattle by keeping them hidden in the woods. In the village 
 the soldiers' barracks, a building occupied as a hospital was 
 destroyed, together with Henry Ainsworth's store, two or 
 three small vessels, a large amount of lumber, and the store 
 house of J. B. and R. M. Esselstyn. In the latter building 
 the government stores were deposited. During this attack 
 Mr. Esselstyn was again taken prisoner, but immediately re- 
 leased. 
 
 152 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 On June l-i, 1812, a British schooner, the Ontario, was 
 captured at Cape Vincent, but soon discharged. 
 
 Captain Noadiah Hubbard commanding a rifle corps, 
 came to Cape Vincent from Sackets Harbor June 27, in a 
 Durham boat. His vessel remained until the 31st, then went 
 down the St. Lawrence Ri^er in compan}^ with the Julia, 
 which was armed with a long thirty-two pounder and two 
 long sixes and bore sixty volunteers commanded by Lieut. H. 
 VV. Wells. 
 
 Indians were slculking around, waiting for opportunities 
 to steal and destroy property, and British marauding parties 
 were constantly harrassing the settlers along the river. Early 
 one morning a party landed at the foot of James street, en- 
 tered the nearest garden, and began to pillage fruit and 
 vegetables. They had been seen on their way up the river 
 by a body of Forsyth's riflemen, who reached the place a 
 few moments later. A skirmish followed, and all but two of 
 the British were captured and three were killed. The pris- 
 oners w^ere sent to Greenbush on the Hudson River, and the 
 dead buried at the corner of Broadway and Murray streets. 
 It has been said that but two Americans were killed in the 
 town during the war. 
 
 Of the few inhabited places on the St. Lawrence frontier, 
 this point was the most exposed; consequently when war was 
 declared many of the inhabitants left for the back settlements. 
 In time, when confidence had been restored, many returned 
 and the number of settlers steadily increased. 
 
 From 1805. the year in which Jefferson County was es- 
 tabhshed, until 1818, the township of Cape Vincent was a 
 portion of Brownville. In March of that year, Lyme was 
 taken off^. Hough says: "Its name was selected by Eber 
 Kelsey, who came from Lyme, Connecticut." Cape Vincent 
 remained a portion of Lyme imtil April 10, 1849. 
 
 The first meeting of the officers of the town of Lyme was 
 held at the home of Musgrove Evans in Chauniont. From 
 
 153 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 this part of the town there were present, Ricliard M. Essel- 
 styn, Supervisor, Luther Britton and John B. Esselstyn, 
 Assessors. Eber Kelsey was the fence viewer, and Ehiathan 
 Judd, Stephen Webster, Avery Smith and Zimmery Butter- 
 field, Commissioners of Highways. At this meeting it was 
 voted to raise one hundred and fifty dollars for the support 
 of the poor. The town meetings were held alternately at 
 Chaumont, and in Cape Vincent at the house of Eber Kelsey. 
 A special town meeting was held at the home of James M. 
 Craw, Oct. 12, 1822, for the purpose of choosing a super- 
 visor in the place of Richard M. Esselstyn, who had just 
 died suddenly at Albany. His brother, John B. Essel- 
 styn was chosen. 
 
 April 10, 184*9, the town of Cape Vincent was erected 
 from Lyme. The first town meeting was held at the house 
 of Jacob Berringer, Laban A. Ainsworth presiding, with 
 James L. Folger, Clerk. 
 
 The Supervisors have been ; Frederick A. Folger, 1849 ; 
 Robert C. Bartlett, 1850-51 ; Charles Smith, 1852 ; Otis P. 
 Starkey, 1853-51* ; Calvin Fletcher, 1855-56 ; Wilham Estes, 
 1857 ; Charles Smith, 1858-61 ; W. D. Fuller, 1862-63 ; Will- 
 iam Van Ostrand, 1861*; George F. Bartlett, 1865; John 
 H. Roseboom, 1866; George F. Bartlett, 1867-68; Henry 
 A. House, 1869; Hugh McCandie, 1870-71; Henry A. 
 House, 1872 ; Lloyd O. WoodrufF, 1873-81 ; John A. Scobell, 
 1882-88; Daniel L. Fitzgerald, 1889-91; L. Gideon Kelsey, 
 1892-95; Lloyd O. WoodrufF, 1896-97; Fred Stowell, 
 1898-01*. 
 
 The present town officers are: ]Mr. Joseph H. Bates, 
 Supervisor ; Mr. John V. Stumff , Clerk ; Mr. Fred Stowell, 
 Mr. James T. Borland, Mr. George Donaldson, Mr. Antoine 
 E. Gosier, Justices of the Peace; Mr. James L. Dunning, 
 Mr. Quincy Beadle, Mr. Joseph Mason, Assessors ; Mr. John 
 
 154 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 P. Granger, Collector; 'Sir. Louis Radlcy, Highway Com- 
 missioner. 
 
 The village of Cape Vincent was incorporated June 14-, 
 1853, with a population of 1218; Jerre Carrier, President; 
 Judah T. Ainsworth, James L. Folger, Theophilus Peugnet, 
 Laban H. Ainsworth, Trustees. The Presidents have been : 
 John H. Roscboom, Otis P. Starkey, Zebulon Converse, Cal- 
 vin Fletcher, Alfred Fox, Gideon S. Sacket, Charles Smith, 
 Sidney Ainsworth, John B. Grappotte, Levi Anthony, Geo. 
 W. Warren, William M. Johnson, E. K. Burnham, Henry 
 Peo, A. H. Bowe, John R. Kilborn. The present officers are, 
 Mr. Francis W. Sacket, President; Mr. Marcel S. Cornair, 
 ]Mr. Frank Dezcngremel, Trustees ; Mr. Jasper W. Coimair, 
 Clerk ; Mr. Joseph C Gregor, Treasurer ; Mr. Clarence Lon- 
 draville. Collector. Mr. Morris E. Lee served as clerk and 
 attorney of the village from 1860 until 1895. 
 
 June 1, 1809, jMr. LeRay deeded a water lot to R. jM. 
 Esselstyn for the exclusive right of running a ferry. Land 
 was deeded to John Nash, Jan. 25, 1811 ; to Avery Ains- 
 worth in Dec. 1809; to Camille Arnaud in 1819; to Jean 
 Fran9ois Rolland in 1819; to Paul Charbaneau in 1820; to 
 Willis Merritt in 1818 ; and to John and Samuel Forsyth in 
 1822. Other early settlers were: Jonathan Howland, Capt. 
 William Horr, Jere Carrier, David Briggs, John Vincent, 
 Joseph Cross, Nathan Lake, William Hollenbeck, Daniel 
 Spinning, Oliver Pool, Michael A'an Schaick, James Bor- 
 land, Avery Smith, Otis P. Starkey, Willard Ainsworth, 
 James Buckley, Abner Rogers, Robert Bartktt, Sanuicl 
 Gardner and Dr. Nelson Potter. 
 
 April 10, 1810, a post-route was established from Utica 
 via Brownville to Port Putnam. The post office at Port Put- 
 nam was closed in 1813, and on April 30, 1816, a post-route 
 was established from Brownville to Cape Mncent. Richard 
 
 155 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 M. Esselstyn was the first postmaster appointed. Henry Ains- 
 worth succeeded him. 
 
 The post office at Millen's Bay, known as Star Route 
 No. 7657, was discontinued January 14, 1904, and Route 
 No. 2, Charles C. Roseboom carrier, was estabhshed the 
 following day. Route No. 1, Clinton Kilborn carrier, was 
 estabhshed July 1, 1903. 
 
 These routes cover a distance of nearly twenty-four miles 
 each, and trips are made daily. 
 
 The Collection District of Cape Vincent was established 
 April 18, 1818. The first collector was John B. Esselstyn. 
 The present officers are Mr. W. J. Grant, Collector; Mr. 
 C. I. Gardner and Mr. Wm. W. Sherman, Deputy Collectors ; 
 Mr. D. M. Rice and Mr. Thos. Brady, Inspectors, Mr. F. 
 B. Weaver, Emigrant Inspector, succeeded William D. Lewis 
 in May, 1906, Mr. Lewis being tranferred to Blaine, Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 There are seventeen school districts in the town and the 
 village of Cape Vincent is the tenth district. Here the re- 
 sults arising from the excellent work accomplished during 
 the administration of Mr. Neil K. White, have raised the 
 district to the grade of a high school. The faculty consists 
 of Mr. L. R. Clark, Principal, Miss M. E. Isabel Mandery, 
 Preceptress, Miss Ida F. Fowler, Miss Eva Stoel, Miss Clara 
 Robinson, Miss Alice Allen and Miss Ella F. Sinsebox. 
 
 The earliest shipbuilding in the town was that done by 
 the British on Carleton Island during the Revolutionary war. 
 The first large schooner built at Cape Vincent was the 
 "Merchant." ]Mr. Louis Goler owned a ship-yard and Dr. 
 Hough names in his history some twenty-five ships that were 
 built here. Fifty years ago the steamboats plying between 
 western ports and Ogdensburg touched here, and there was 
 
 156 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 considerable activity in this line of business. To-day the 
 boat-building of Cape Vincent is confined to the l)uilding of 
 pleasure yachts, house-boats and small power boats. The 
 work is done by jMr. Leon L. Peo and Mr. William C. Wills, 
 who turn out some of the fastest and handsomest boats on 
 the St. Lawrence River. 
 
 The first stage-driver was probably Samuel Buckley, who 
 owned and operated a stage line from Watertown to Cape 
 Vincent, at first semi-weekly and afterward daily. Over 
 sixty years ago William Majo drove a stage for General 
 Estes to Watertown one da}^ and returning the next. ]Many 
 and interesting are the stories which he tells of those days. 
 Indian Hill was the scene of an attempted stage-coach rob- 
 bery, where Mr. Majo, however, succeeded in bringing his 
 passengers through unharmed. Few, except notable people, 
 traveled in early days. James D. LeRay went from town 
 to town through Jefferson County in his private coach, and 
 his arrival with his retinue always created excitement. 
 
 The use of stage-coaches began at a later date than the 
 establishment of the taverns. The first settlers arrived here 
 either by boat or on foot or by horse, following the 
 trails through the forests. After the construction of 
 the turnpike, taverns became numerous. They were lo- 
 cated near a ferry or along the tuni})ike road, and 
 the tap-room of the tavern served instead of a newspa- 
 per, as the traveler by the stage-coach brought all the 
 latest news. 
 
 At a convention of the excise commissioners, held May 
 14, 1822, at the house of Bucl Fuller, innkeeper in 
 Cape Vincent, it was resolved : "The following persons 
 are of good character and of sufficient abilities to Icoop inn 
 or taverns respectively, for the acconunodation of taverns are 
 
 157 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 necessary at the place Avhcrc tliey reside in said town, viz., 
 Bucl Fuller, James M. Craw, Hezekiah H. Smith." 
 
 August 23, 1822, James B. Estes applied for a license 
 to keep tavern. 
 
 "Resolved, by the Com. of Excise for the town of Lyme, 
 that an inn or tavern is necessary on Carlcton Island, in said 
 town, and that James B. Estes applied for a license to keep 
 such inn or tavern, and, that as we deem him of sufficient 
 ability to keep an inn or tavern, therefore we further resolve 
 to grant him a license for that purpose. 
 
 Aug. 23, 1822. 
 
 R. M. ESSELTYNE 
 
 G. S. Sacket 
 James A. Wells 
 
 Excise Committee." 
 Wm. Clark, T. C. 
 
 Captain Hubbard kept tavern at Milieu's Bay iu 1808. 
 Still further down the river was the tavern of Samuel Britton, 
 which the British burned in 1812. INIr. Britton settled op- 
 posite the foot of Linda Island in 1805, and the island was 
 named in honor of his daughter Linda. 
 
 The log house of the Sopers was the only habitation on 
 the road between Chaumont and the St. Lawrence river for 
 at least fifteen years. It was the wayside inn for the traveler 
 who came here by the State road. 
 
 The "Half Way House," now the residence of jNIr. Robert 
 Percy, was for many years a tavern. The ruins of an old 
 stone tavern, built by Hyland INlillen, still stand at Milieu's 
 Bay. 
 
 Eber Kelsey built a tavern on Ferry Street, now Market, 
 which J. B. Esselstyn rented, later erecting a tavern of his 
 own. 
 
 158 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Several hotels have been destroyed by fire, among them the 
 St. Lawrence, Algonquin, Rathbun, and the Old Orchard 
 House. To-day we have the Carleton with all modern im- 
 provements, a popular resort for summer tourists, and excel- 
 lent in every detail. Mr. C. E. Reed is the proprietor. The new 
 proprietor of the Union House, Mr. F. E. Steblin, main- 
 tains the admirable reputation which the house has borne 
 for years. Besides these we have Jerome's Hotel, Mr. C. A. 
 Jerome, proprietor, the St. Lawrence Inn, Mr. John Bres- 
 lin, proprietor, the Cape Vincent House, Mr. W. H. Youngs, 
 proprietor. All of these are popular and well kept. 
 
 The Cape Vincent ^ Rome Railroad. 
 
 Li the summer of 1833, William Smith made an effort to 
 interest people on the subject of a railroad from Cape Vin- 
 cent to Rome. In 1846 an act of the legislature granted the 
 right of constructing the Rome and Cape Vincent railroad, 
 but it was not until 1848 that sufficient stock was subscribed 
 to warrant beginning the work. When the last rail was 
 laid to Cape Vincent in the spring of 1852, the trains began 
 to make regular trips. Among the commissioners and stock- 
 holders from this town were Roswell T. Lee, Jere Carrier, 
 Henry Ainsworth, and Theophilus Peugnet. An interesting 
 pamphlet urging the construction of a railroad was published 
 in 1844 by William Dewey, civil engineer. The following is 
 an extract : 
 
 "The business of the country demands it. It will benefit 
 the merchant and the farmer, and can be constructed from 
 Cape Vincent to Rome finished, complete for business, for 
 $7,500 per mile." 
 
 A large train-shed, hotel, freight house and wharf, were 
 built. In 1853, a canal was cut through Wolfe Island, by a 
 stock company in which the railroad company and the city 
 
 161 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 of Kingston, Ontario, were interested. This shortened the 
 route from Cape Vincent to Kingston. In 1862 tlie name 
 of the road was changed by the legislature to the "Rome, 
 Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad Company." 
 
 Several of the railroad company's buildings have been 
 destroyed by fire, and on September 11, 1895, the large train 
 shed, a land mark for more than forty years, was totally 
 wrecked by a terrific wind storm. The evening train, Mr. 
 William D. Carnes, conductor, — had arrived from Water- 
 town with a large number of passengers for the Kingston 
 boat. Fortunately they had l)oarded the steamer before the 
 storm struck. Many took refuge in the shed. Two persons 
 were killed, and several were seriously injured. Buildings 
 were unroofed, trees blown down, and great damage done 
 throughout the town. The following year the company 
 erected the present passenger station. 
 
 The station masters have been: C. W. Rogers, J. S. Nicol, 
 F. W. Denning, Sidney Bickford, C C Case, E. M. Moore, 
 Seth Dickinson, J. W. Brown, William Johnson, Ira A. 
 Whittemore, A. G. Littlefield, and W. A. Casler, the present 
 station master, who succeeded Mr. Littlefield in 1889. 
 
 Eight passenger trains are run daily between Cape Vin- 
 cent and Watertown, N. Y. These are under the charge of 
 Mr. James Dorris and Mr. William M. Raymond, conduc- 
 tors ; Messrs. James A. and John Brady, engineers ; Mr. 
 George Cole and Mr. John Shryver, baggagemen ; and Mr. 
 Clarence Radley and Mr. Cleveland Stage, trainmen. 
 
 In 1892 the New York Central Railroad Company leased 
 the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. 
 
 The America, Captain James Allen, and the Wanderer, 
 Captain Wm. C. Hudson, of Folgcr's line of steamboats, 
 make daily trips between this place and Kingston, Ontario. 
 
 162 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 Business Houses of Cape Vincent. 
 
 The manufacturing of lumber, the cutting of ice, seed and 
 hay raising furnish the principal industries. The plant of 
 the Pentecost Lumber Company was installed in 1903, with 
 jNlr. B. L. Taylor President, Mr. J. B. Taylor Vice-presi- 
 dent, and Mr. H. E. Ayres Secretary and Treasurer. The 
 offices are in Watertown, N. Y. This company owns one 
 hundred and eighty square miles of timber land at Pentecost, 
 Quebec. The timber is converted into pulp wood, brought 
 here by boat and re-shipped by rail to various paper mills 
 throughout the state. Mr. W. F. Gilchreise is the manager 
 and Mr. B. F. Willoughby the assistant manager. 
 
 The Cape Vincent Seed Company are the manufacturers 
 of HU split peas. The business is owned by Mr. E, N. 
 Jackson of New York, and Mr. Harry Walker is the resident 
 manager. 
 
 The Cleveland Seed Company was organized in 1879, and 
 since that time have carried on an extensive business in 
 peas, beans, and other small garden seeds. Mr. S. M. Pease, 
 President, and Mr. H. H. Pease, Treasurer, reside in Avon, 
 N. Y. Mr. Harold Blum is the resident manager. 
 
 The St. Lawrence River Ice Company is managed by Mr. 
 W. A. Casler. This company furnish the N. Y. C. Railroad 
 with ice. The plant has a capacity of loading one hundred 
 cars daily. 
 
 A. Booth and Company succeeded the Lake Ontario Fish 
 Company, and do an extensive business under the manage- 
 ment of Mr. John R. Kilborn. In this company's office are 
 employed Miss Margaret White, Messrs. F. R. and A. C. 
 Gardner. 
 
 Mr. J. A. Scobell does an extensive business in lumber, 
 hay and grain, assisted by Mr. A. W. Scobell. 
 
 163 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 The first telegraph hne was built here in 1856. This was 
 soon abandoned, and in 1864 another line was built. This 
 line was sold to the Provincial Telegraph Company. The 
 Dominion Telegraph Company bought this line and changed 
 the name some years since to its present one of the Great 
 Northwestern Telegraph Company of Canada. Mr. Ken- 
 neth F. Rice is the manager. 
 
 The long distance service of the Bell Telephone Company 
 is under the management of Mr. J. H. Grappotte, who 
 owns the lines operated in the village. He is now engaged 
 in installing a system throughout the town. 
 
 The banking business was first carried on by Mr. Otis P. 
 Starkey, who was succeeded by L. S. Hammond. This bank 
 yielded to the panic of 1873. The Bank of Cape Vincent 
 is now carried on by Mr. Sidney S. Block, Cashier, and Mr, 
 L. O. Woodruff, President. 
 
 General stores are Burdick and Armstrong's, Parker 
 Brothers. 
 
 The grocery stores are W. H. Grant's, Fitzgerald and 
 Bowe, M. S. Cornair's, J. C. Gregor's, P. Garlach's, William 
 Anthony's, Richard Kesler's. 
 
 Mr. F. N. Potter represents Thalheimer and Co., of 
 Syracuse. 
 
 The drug stores are kept by L. O. Woodruff and H. S. 
 Spafford. 
 
 The bakery is owned by Thomas Holland. 
 
 The painting and wall paper business is carried on by G. 
 H. Glenn, Wm. Stanley and Alex. Pigdeon. 
 
 The stationery and book stores are owned by W. D. Laird, 
 R. J. J. Newman. 
 
 The undertakers are C C Roseboom and C. W. Londra- 
 ville. 
 
 164 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Clothing stores are owned by John F. Constance and 
 Juhus Rothstein. 
 
 Insurance is done by S. S. Block and E. C. Kelsey. 
 
 Lawyers are M. E. Lee, Fred Stowcll, James Parker and 
 J. W. Cornair. 
 
 Physicians are Thomas Masson, H. G. Dawson, E. M. 
 Crabi), H. H. Smith, H. N. Bushnell. 
 
 Dentists are G. A. Potter and S. W. Gordan. 
 
 Jewelry repairing is done by George Cross. 
 
 Barl)er shops are kept by Dayton Bailey, C W. Londra- 
 Tille. 
 
 Coal and Avood are sold by Richai'd and James Davis. 
 
 Millinery is done by Mrs. E. K. Shcley and Mrs. A. John- 
 son. 
 
 Hardware stores are owned by M. Hartness, J. G. Rose- 
 boom and Truell Bros. 
 
 Harnesses are sold by Thomas Daly and James Augustus. 
 
 Blacksmiths are George Kelley and Sons, A. Charles and 
 Raymond & Stratford. 
 
 Monuments are furnished by S. K. Ainsworth. 
 
 Meat markets are kept by Harry Morrison, P. H. Dunn- 
 ing, Fitzgerald and Bowe. 
 
 The Watertown Dry-Goods store has for its resident man- 
 ager, W. H. Johnson. 
 
 Boat building is done by L. L. Peo and W. C. Wills. 
 
 Hay-dealers are the Constance Brothers, Parker Brothers, 
 AVilliam Webber and Frank Dezengremel. 
 
 The photographer is James E. Stanley. The illustrations 
 in this book are from his studio. 
 
 The St. Lawrence River guides are W. E. Stanlej', Roy 
 Stanley, Alexander Pigdon, William McKinley, Antoine 
 
 165 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Seymour, John Fisher, Joseph Strong, Wilham Raymond, 
 Romain Winborne, George Clark, Ren and Wilfred Dodge 
 and W. S. Clark. 
 
 The American Express Company had for its first agent 
 W. B. Buckley, who was succeeded by A. D. Best. The pres- 
 ent agent is William S. Byrnes. The clerks are Riley Kil- 
 born and George Radley. 
 
 The livery stables are kept by Fred Kessler, and by Chris- 
 topher Clark and Son, who have carried on an extensive and 
 first class business for many years. 
 
 The draymen are Giles Kilborn and W. F. Bailey. 
 
 Tailoring is done by Patrick Walshe. 
 
 Dress-making is done by Miss Minnie Whittcmore, ]Miss 
 Helena Nicholson and Miss Kate B. Walshe. 
 
 Boarding houses are kept by Mrs. Stumff, Mrs. Mc- 
 Kinley, Miss Dunning and H. H. Fish. 
 
 The postmaster is F. J. Shafer, assistants Misses Etta 
 and Maud Woolever. 
 
 A system of water works was installed in 1895, and the 
 electric light system completed in May, 1903. W. S. Par- 
 ker, S. S. Block, J. R. Kilborn, Commissioners. 
 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 This village was first called St. Oars' Corners, later Rog- 
 ers' Corners, then Gorham Corners and finally Crane's Cor- 
 ners, until the establishment of a post office in 181<8, when it 
 received its present name, St. Lawrence. Among the early 
 settlers were Jacob St. Oars, James Rogers, Horatio Hum- 
 phrey, C. B. Carey, Dr. Dyer Pierce. 
 
 The first religious services here were under the direction of 
 Elder Warren and continued until 1868, when the second 
 
 166 
 
Cape Vincent and its History- 
 Methodist Episcopal cluirch in the town of Cape N'inccnt was; 
 organized. The trustees were Samuel Dillen, Edward R. 
 Farr, Alonzo Walrath for three years, A. E. Hire and Alan 
 son Abbey for two years, and Samuel Swartwout and Russell 
 Wright for one year. The present church was erected in 
 the summer of 1869 and dedicated on the fifteenth of Decem- 
 ber of the same year. The memory of Dr. Dyer Pierce, for 
 years an eminent physician here, and his wife, has been per- 
 petuated by the generous gift of their son, Mr. H. Clay 
 Pierce, of St. Louis, Missouri, president of the Waters- 
 Pierce Oil Company. He has recently presented to this 
 societ}^ a parsonage completely furnished, a gift of money 
 for repairing the church, and a massive and elegant stone 
 wall surrounding the cemetery. The Reverend Harvey 
 Casler succeeded the Reverend D. L. Phelps as pastor of 
 the church in April of this year. 
 
 The business places of St. Lawrence are the General Store 
 and Post-Office, conducted by F. A. Miller, and the General 
 Store owned by George Donaldson. H. M. Buchanan 
 is the physician and surgeon. 
 
 The officers of the St. Lawrence Grange for 1906 are 
 Master, C H. Corbin ; Overseer, J. C Phillips ; Lecturer, 
 Mrs. J. H. Corbin ; Steward, Eugene Gurney ; Assistant 
 Steward, J. H. Comins ; Lady Assistant, Mrs. Dema North- 
 rup; Secretary and Treasurer, Mrs. J. C Phillips; Chaplain, 
 Mrs. Fanny Frascr; Ceres, Mrs. Walter Barret; Pomona, 
 Mrs. James Comins; Flora, Mrs. George Cornair; (iate 
 Keeper, Thomas Emery; Organist, Mrs. J. C. Phillips. 
 
 Millen's Bay. 
 
 Milieu's Bay. which took its name from Hylaiid Millen, 
 was first known as Hubbard's Ba3^ 
 
 The first families to settle in this vicinity were those of 
 
 169 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 James and Christopher Irvin, Joel Torrey, Ehsha P. Dodge, 
 WilHam Stoeh 
 
 Through the united efforts of the Methodist and Episco- 
 pal societies, a church was erected here in 1872. Services 
 are held on alternate Sundays by the pastors from Cape Vin- 
 cent and St. Lawrence villages. 
 
 The summer home of Miss Cora Richards, also that of 
 Mr. Benjamin Nichols of Jamestown, N. Y., are here. Mr. 
 George Stewart, United States Deputy Collector, is lo- 
 cated here. Ferdinand Hassler, an eminent Swiss engineer 
 and surveyor, who had charge of tlie coast survey of the 
 United States, settled above Milieu's Bay at what has since 
 been known as the "Hassler Farm" now the property of ]Mr. 
 John Constance. Other residents here are, James Irvin, J. 
 B. Heintzelman, Chas. Stoel and Mrs. Mary Brennan. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church. 
 
 This Church came into existence March 2, 1823, at the 
 house of Oliver Lynch. The Confession of Faith and Cov- 
 enant which were then adopted were probably drawn up by 
 the Rev. Noah M. Wells of Brownville, who was moderator 
 of the meeting. The original members were Oliver and Ma- 
 tilda Lynch, Abraham Morrow, Jane and Mary Forsythe, 
 Cynthia Rogers, Hezekiah H. Smith, and Amnarillis Mills. 
 On the 25th of June, 1823, the church was received into the 
 Presbytery of St. Lawrence. Services were held in various 
 places until the church edifice was erected. 
 
 On the 13th of February, 1832, the First Presbyterian 
 Society was formed, with Simon Howard, Henry Ainsworth, 
 Michael Myers, Roswell T. Lee, and James Buckley as trus- 
 tees. Through the generosity of Mr. LeRay, the society 
 received $400 and a building lot. A stone building was 
 
 170 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 erected in the summer of 1832 which was used until 1882, 
 when a large frame addition was placed on the front. In 
 1892 it was redecorated and newly furnished. 
 
 The Rev. J. Elmer Russell, for three years pastor of the 
 Church, has tendered his resignation to take effect June 11. 
 This is deeply regretted, not only by the church people, but 
 by the entire community, by whom Mr. Russell is held in the 
 highest esteem. The Rev. Chas. H. Brown succeeded him. 
 
 John Reinbeck is superintendent of the Sunday School, 
 which has sixty members. The trustees are Mr, Charles I. 
 Gardner, Mr. John Reinbeck, Mr. William J. Grant, Mr. 
 Wilham Anthony, Mr. Charles C. Roseboom. The elders 
 are Mr. James L. Dunning, Mr. Edgar J. Vincent, jNIr. John 
 Reinbeck and Mr James Howard. 
 
 St. John's Episcopal Church. 
 
 The first services of this communion were held at the home 
 of Richard M. Esselstyn, who read the Episcopal service 
 and a sermon each Sunday. Families came over from Wolfe 
 Island to attend the services. Previous to 1820, Mr. Avery 
 and Mr. Flint were missionaries to this section. The first 
 Sunday School was organized July 30, 1820, with Buel 
 Fuller and John B. Esselstyn as managers, Richard M. Es- 
 selstyn superintendent, and Mr. Ellis teacher, as stated on a 
 paper still preserved. Services were continued until St. John's 
 parish was organized January 25, 18-11, while the Rev. John 
 Noble was rector. 
 
 The church was erected in 18-1«1 upon land given by Mr. 
 Otis P. Starkey, and was consecrated June 2, 1812. Shortly 
 afterward the rectory was built opposite the church. 
 
 The church was refurnished and decorated in 1900. The 
 entire town is included in St. John's parish and a branch 
 
 171 
 
Cape Vincent and its Piistory 
 
 Sunday School, on Carleton Island, has twenty-four mem- 
 bers under the supervision of Mrs. Jacob Putnam. 
 
 The societies connected with St. John's church are "The 
 Band of St. Mary," the "Women's Auxihary" and "Wilhng 
 Workers." The church officers are Mr. John A. Scobell, 
 Mr. Herbert W. Bailey, Wardens; Mr. Frank W. Sacket, 
 Mr. Frank Blum, Mr. Fred Humphrey, Mr. Winfield S. 
 Clark, Mr. Harry Ainsworth, Mr. Jasper W. Cornair, Mr. 
 Horace T. Stoel, Mr. Dayton Bailey and Mr. Eli C. Kclsey, 
 Vestrymen. Its communicant numbers two hundred and 
 fifty. The Sunday School has one hundred and twenty mem- 
 bers. 
 
 The Rev. Charles Noycs Tyndall, the present rector holds 
 services every second Sunday at JNIillen's Bay in the church 
 which was erected in 1872 by the efforts of the Episcopal- 
 ians and Methodists of that place. jNIr. Tyndall resigned in 
 August, much to the regret of his many friends. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 The Methodist denomination maintained the first religi- 
 ous services in the village of Cape Vincent. A class was 
 formed about 1820, and the first conference appointment 
 was that of Seth Green in 1827. The Church was legally 
 organized October 14, 1851, under the ministry of Rev. 
 William Jones. 
 
 The original trustees were William King, George Aker- 
 line, Wm. Essclstyn, Asa S. Jones, Philetus Judd, John 
 Hollenbeck and John Nims. Services were held in the stone 
 school building on Point street until the erection of the 
 church on Esselstyn street, in 1855. The parsonage was 
 completed in 1874. 
 
 172 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 During the past year the church has been remodeled and a 
 chapel added, making it an edifice of which its members may 
 justly feel proud. It was rededicated in January, 1905. 
 
 The Rev. George Ernst, under whose pastorate these im- 
 provements were made, was succeeded by the Rev. S. O. 
 Barnes, in April, 1905. 
 
 J. R. Kilborn is superintendent of the Sunday School, 
 which has one hundred members. The Societies are. The 
 Ladies Aid, The Epworth and Junior Leagues. The mem- 
 bers of the present board of trustees are Mr. Charles Arm- 
 strong, Mr. Edwin Moore, Mr. Eugene M. Crabb, Mr. 
 Ezra D. Hilts, Mr. John R. Kilborn, Mrs. Henry Peo, Mrs. 
 Emma K. Shelcy, ]Mr. Richard A. Davis and Mr. George 
 Vincent. 
 
 The Patriot War. 
 
 During the Patriot War, in 1838, Canadian Rebels were 
 quartered in the Stone House. Societies called "Hunters' 
 Lodges" were formed along the Northern Frontier for the 
 purpose of invading Canada and establishing a republic 
 there. Persons on both sides of the boundary were connected 
 with this movement. 
 
 Captain James T. Borland, a young man at that time, re- 
 calls several interesting events which occurred during the 
 winter of 1838. It was rumored that Canadians were to 
 cross on the ice and attack the town. The women were 
 carried, in the night, to the homes of people living at some 
 distance from the village, where it was considered safe for 
 them to remain. Mr. Borland discovered the guns of the 
 Patriots hidden under the hay in his uncle's barn. Two 
 companies of the State Militia were stationed here to intei'- 
 cept any expedition that might be fitted out against Canada. 
 
 173 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Daniel George, a school teacher here, was taken prisoner 
 at Windmill Point. He was the first prisoner tried, and 
 was sentenced and hanged, although every means of influ- 
 ence possible was brought to bear upon the governor-general 
 of Canada. The sympathy of the New Yorkers along the 
 frontier was evoked, as they considered the movement of the 
 Canadians patriotic. It was, however, merely the outcome 
 of discontent in the province, which assumed the form of an 
 attempt to become independent of Great Britain. The chief 
 leader in this movement was William Lyon MacKenzie, a 
 political agitator. The societies called "Hunters' Lodges" 
 numl)cred nearly twelve hundred persons, and were conducted 
 secretly until suppressed by President Tyler in 1842. 
 
 The Stone House. 
 
 James D. LeRay was authorized by an act of the Legis- 
 lature, in March, 1815, "to make a turnpike road from Cape 
 Vincent, on the St. Lawrence River, on the most direct route 
 to Perch River, at or near where the State road crosses the 
 same in the town of Brownville, to be called the Cape Vin- 
 cent Turnpike Road." At this time Vincent LeRay, as- 
 sisted by Moss Kent, was here in charge of his father's 
 estate. His office stood on Broadway, and was the first 
 frame house erected in the village. It was removed only a 
 few years ago. Opposite the office in 1815, Mr. LeRay 
 built the stone house. The late Deacon Rogers said : "As 
 it was the first house in the village built of stone, the name 
 'The Stone House' has clung to it ever since." Othniel Spin- 
 ning boated the stone from Carleton Island, and Hugh 
 MacPherson, my great-great uncle, laid its walls. Mr. 
 MacPherson came here in 1815 and remained until 1818, 
 when he removed to Chaumont. The interior of the stone 
 
 174 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 house was not entirely finished for some years after it was 
 erected. Vincent LeRay occupied it for several years, then 
 he left Cape Vincent and for some time the house was vacant. 
 In 1837 it was purchased, with other property of Mr. Le- 
 Ray, by the brothers Hyacinth, Louis and Theophilus Peug- 
 net. 
 
 The Stone House stands on the bank of the St. Lawrence 
 River, surrounded nearly to its massive walls by beautiful 
 trees. It is probably the oldest and certainly one of the 
 most interesting houses of stone in Jefferson county. It is 
 now the summer home of Mrs. Fort of New York City. Mrs. 
 Fort, a daughter of Hyacinth Pcugnet, possesses two invalu- 
 able souvenirs of Napoleon, a cross of the Legion of Honor, 
 presented by the Emperor to her father ; the other a ribbon 
 from which Napoleon wore the cross of the Legion of Honor 
 suspended, given to her father by Joachim Murat. 
 
 Louis and Hyacinth Peugnet were distinguished officers 
 in Napoleon's army, who left France after the downfall of 
 the Emperor. They resided in New York, where they 
 opened a school for boys. General Beauregard, of the Con- 
 federate Army, attended their school, and received his first 
 instructions in military tactics from Louis Peugnet. 
 
 Tibbitt's Point Light House. 
 
 Hough says : "An appropriation of $3,000 was made 
 May 18th, 1826, for the erection of a light house on Tib- 
 bet's Point, and recently measures have been adopted for the 
 erection of another at the head of Carleton Island. 
 
 A breakwater in front of the piers of Cape Vincent is 
 demanded by the commercial wants of the place, and, it is 
 presumed, will ere long be built by the government who can- 
 not long neglect an improvement so obviously necessarj-." 
 
 177 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Tibbet's Point, at the outlet of Lake Ontario, took its 
 nnme from Captain John Tibbitt of Troy, svho received a 
 patent for six hundred acres of land here which was sur- 
 veyed in 1799. The first light house was bviilt in 1827 and 
 rebuilt in 1851^. The height of the light above the water is 
 sixty-seven feet, and it is visible fourteen nautical miles. 
 Mr. William Montanna is the present keeper. In the fall of 
 1895, the government erected a fog station near the tower, 
 which is attended by Mr. J. C. Belden. At intervals during 
 the last fifty years the erection of a breakwater has been 
 agitated. Congress finally made an appropriation for the 
 survey, which was made in 1899. In 1900 the first section 
 was built, and at present Messrs. Hcndrick and Saladin of 
 Oswego are engaged in completing the third section. The 
 entire work has been under the supervision of Mr. John C. 
 Churchill of Oswego, N. Y., and his assistant, Mr. W. E. 
 Stockwcll. The breakwater lights are attended by Mr. John 
 Larock. The light house mentioned by Hough in 18.51< was 
 erected in 1898, on the head of Carleton Island. Mr. Rob- 
 ert Allen is the keeper. 
 
 Cape Vincent Station, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 
 
 The building occupied by this industry of the U. S. gov- 
 ernment was erected for a grist-mill in 1856, by Antoine 
 Duvillard. The business did not succeed, and the building 
 was used for various purposes until purchased by jNIr. Geo. 
 Grant, who sold it to the government in Janviary, 1895. In 
 July the work of refitting it for a fish hatchery was com- 
 menced under the supervision of Mr. J. S. K. Reeves, U. S. N. 
 Mr. Herbert D. Dean was its first superintendent. 
 
 Livingston Stone, A. M., who succeeded Mr. Dean in 
 1897, received his degree from Harvard University. Since 
 
 178 
 
U. S. BURKAU OH FiSHEKIES. 
 
 Cape Vincent Station. 
 
Cape V incent and its History 
 
 1866 1h' has been engaged in fish culture. In 1872 he estab- 
 lished, on the Pacific coast, the first salmon breeding station 
 in the United States. Mr. Stone is one of the highest author- 
 ities in all matters pertaining to fish culture and has written 
 ^ book on trout culture called "Domesticated Trout," which 
 is accepted as a standard authority on the subject. 
 
 The past season 38,780,500 eggs from various kinds of 
 fish were hatched and distributed to diffierent points. The 
 regular force of the Cape Vincent station under Mr. Stone 
 comprises: Mr. William S. Vincent, Mr. George Grant, 
 Captain John Day and Mr. Michael Mason. During the 
 hatching season the force is increased by several men. 
 
 In the ten years of its existence the Cape Vincent Station 
 Tias hatched and distributed fish in Lake Ontario, the St. Law- 
 rence River and others waters of the United States (chiefly 
 in the State of New York), as follows; 
 
 Brook trout, 4,096,300; Rainbow trout, 98,560; Land-locked sal- 
 mon, 18.400; Steelhead trout, 100,660; Atlantic salmon, 145,070; Cali- 
 fornia salmon, 6,690,801; Lake trout, 26,585,211; Pike-perch, 67,950,000; 
 AVhitefish, 160,850,000. 
 
 As one result of the fish hatching at this Station, it may 
 be mentioned that the lake fishermen agree that whitefish 
 were never so abundant at the east end of Lake Ontario as 
 fhev are now. 
 
 Governor Higgins at Cape Vincent. 
 
 On Wednesday, Jul^' 26th, 1905, the governor of New 
 York State, accompanied b}' five members of his staff, arrived 
 here at the camp named "Camp Higgins" in his honor, to 
 inspect the First Regiment of the State National Guards- 
 men. The regiment arrived here on July 22nd, and pro- 
 ceeded to the Maynard farm west of the village, where they 
 
 181 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 camped one week. The First Regiment is composed of twelve 
 companies and is officered as follows : Colonel, Charles H. 
 Hitchcock, Binghamton ; Lieutenant-Colonel, James S. 
 Boyer, Watertown ; Major, Amos E. Mclntyre, First Bat- 
 talion, Middletown; Major, Henry J. Cookingham, Second 
 Battalion, Utica; Major, John N. Carlisle, Third Battahon, 
 Watertown; Adjutant, Captain Lewis Seymour, Bingham- 
 ton; Quarter-master, Captain Edward E. P. Powel, Bing- 
 hamton ; Assistant Inspector of small arms. Captain Charles 
 H. Seymour, Binghamton ; First Lieutenant, N. B. S. Pack- 
 ham, Utica; Surgeon, Major Daniel S. Burr, Binghamton; 
 Assistant Surgeon, Captain Maurice C Ashley, Middletown ; 
 Daniel C. Dye, Utica ; Chaplain, Charles McCaffery, Albany ; 
 Commissary, Captain Charles W. Yeamans, Binghamton. 
 
 The First Battalion is composed of Company E, Walton ; 
 Company I, Newburgh ; Company F, Middletown ; Company 
 L, Newburgh. The Second Battalion is composed of Com- 
 pany A» Utica ; Company B, Utica ; Company G, Oneonta ; 
 Company H, Binghamton. The Third Battalion is composed 
 of Company C, Watertown ; Company D, Ogdensbvu-g ; Com- 
 pany K, Malone; Company M, Mohawk. 
 
 The Binghamton Press staff correspondent, who accom- 
 panied the Binghamton compan}^ at Camp Higgins, writes 
 as follows concerning the camp. "The week's service has 
 been a pleasant one, and it is the general opinion of both 
 officers and men that it has been the most successful camp 
 that they have ever attended." 
 
 The Masonic Lodge. 
 
 The Masonic Lodge, No. 344, was chartered March 8, 
 1822. The following were charter members: John B. Essel- 
 
 182 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 styn, R. ]M. Esselstyn, Zebiilon Converse, Elnathan Judd, 
 Elihu Johnson, Henry Ainsworth, James IJnckley, Andrew 
 Estes, William Palmer, Pierre F. Real, John Nash, Joseph 
 Cross, S. P. Sheldon, Samuel Doxsee, William Merritt, Duke 
 W. Slocum. A petition was made to the Grand Lodge of 
 the State of New York in December, 1821, and was signed 
 by the above named residents. 
 
 The officers were installed by Isaac Lee on July 10, 1822. 
 They were : 
 
 John B. Esselstyn, Worshipful Master ; Elnathan Judd, 
 Senior Warden ; Henry Ainsworth, Treasurer ; Richard ]M. 
 Esselstyn, Secretary; Phillip P. Gaige, S. D. ; James Buck- 
 ley, J. D. ; Joseph Cross, William Palmer, Elihu Johnson, 
 Stewards. 
 
 In a compartment of a chest, probably a century old, used 
 by Cape Vincent Lodge, No. 293, there was recently discov- 
 ered and brought to light the charter of the first Masonic 
 Lodge formed at Cape Vincent and also Masonic documents of 
 equally ancient origin. This charter bears the date of INIarch 
 8, 1822. It was signed by the Most Worshipful, His Excel- 
 lency Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President of the L^nited 
 States, Grand Master; the Right Worshipful John Brush, 
 Esquire, Counsellor at Law, Major-General, etc., Deputy 
 Grand Master ; the Right Worshipful John Greig, Esquire, 
 Counsellor at Law, etc.. Senior Grand Warden; the Right 
 Worshipful Richard Hatfield, Esquire, Counsellor at Law, 
 etc.. Junior Grand Warden, after which is found the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 "Do by these presents appoint, authorize and empower 
 our worthy Brother John B. Esselstyn to be the Master ; 
 our worthy Brother Elnathan Judd to be the Senior Warden ; 
 and our worthy Brother Zebulon Converse to be the Junior 
 Warden, of a Lodge of Free and Accepted jNIasons, to be, 
 
 183 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 by virtue hereof, constituted, formed and held in the village 
 of Cape Vincent, Town of Lyme, County of Jefferson, and 
 State of New York, which Lodge shall be designated by the 
 name or style of Cape Vincent Lodge, No. 344, and the said 
 Master and Wardens and their successors in office, are here- 
 by respectively authorized and directed, by and with the 
 assistance and consent of a majority of the members of said 
 Lodge, duly to be summoned and present upon such occa- 
 sions, to elect and install the officers of the Lodge as vacan- 
 cies may happen, in manner and forms as is or may be pre- 
 scribed by the Constitution of This Grand Lodge. And 
 further, the said Lodge is hereby invested with full power 
 and authority to assemble, upon proper and lawful occa- 
 sions, and make Masons — to admit members — as also to do 
 and perform all and every such acts and things appertain- 
 ing to the Craft as have been and ought to be done, for the 
 honour and advantage thereof, conforming in all their pro- 
 ceedings to the Constitutions of the Grand Lodge, otherwise 
 this warrant and the powers thereby granted to cease and 
 be of no further effect. 
 
 "Given under our hand and the seal of our Grand Lodge, 
 in the City of New York, United States of America, the 8th 
 day of March, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight 
 hundred and twenty-two, and in the year of Masonry, five 
 thousand eight hundred and twenty-two. E. Hicks. Grand 
 Secretary." 
 
 To this warrant is attached by a l)lue ribbon, about an 
 inch in width, and in length about six inches, a tin box 
 nearly two inches in diameter, said box containing in red 
 sealing wax a fac-simile of the seal of the Grand Lodge of 
 the State of New York. 
 
 The discovery of this document is of special interest to 
 members of Cape Vincent Lodge, No. 293, from the fact that 
 at the recent session of the Grand Lodge of the State of 
 New York, which opened in New York City ]May 1, a me- 
 
 184 
 
^1 
 
 II 
 
 Ig. 
 
 ■J- h = 
 ? ^ I 
 
 I - r 
 
 
 
 9 S 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 I f^'.^) 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 <, 9 f*' 
 
 I 1 k^ 
 
 I I I 
 
 3 I % 
 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 luorial meeting was held and contributations received for the 
 purpose of erecting a monument to the memory of the said 
 Most Worshipful Grand Master, Daniel D. Tompkins, then 
 Vice-President of the United States. 
 
 This Lodge was broken up or suspended during the anti- 
 Masonic times, caused by the disappearance of Morgan at 
 Batavia, N. Y., although records go to show that meetings 
 were held five years after his mysterious disappearance. The 
 last minutes of said lodge are dated May 26, 1831. 
 
 The building in which Cape Vincent Lodge, No. 34)1', had 
 its rooms was located on the site at the corner of James and 
 Gouvello streets, where the house owned by Jonas Fuller now 
 stands. The jewels which were used by the above lodge are 
 now in possession of Cape Vincent Lodge, No. 293. 
 
 A Communication from Watertown Lodge, 
 dated May 24, 1827. 
 
 Wateutowx, May 21, A. L. 5827. 
 Worshipful Brother : — 
 
 The "Watertown Royal Arch Chapter" of Free INIasons, 
 accompanied by the "Watertown Lodge," having resolved 
 to celebrate the approaching anniversary of St. John the 
 Baptist in this village, on Monday the 25th day of June 
 next, the undersigned, Committee of Arrangements, in be- 
 half of the Chapter, request the Lodge over which you pre- 
 side, to participate with us in the festivities of that day. 
 
 The Committee avail themselves of this opportunity of 
 adding to the above official request, their personal desire, 
 that every Brother will honor the Institution, and the occa- 
 sion, by uniting with us in the celebration, if he can do 
 so "without injury to himself or family." 
 
 At a time like the present, when the citizens of an im- 
 
 187 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 portant section of our own state are laboring under an un- 
 precedented excitement against the Institution of whicli we 
 arc Members, and which we are bound by the strongest ob- 
 hgations to shield from calumny, and defend against re- 
 proach — an excitement, too, produced by an occurrence, as 
 unfortunate in itself as it is repugnant to the principles of 
 the Order, and the feelings and sentiments of every enlight- 
 ened Mason ; at such a time, with this dark cloud of suspicion 
 resting in the minds of thousands upon the whole fraternity, 
 the Committee conceive they would ill discharge their 
 duty, did they not most earnestly solicit every true friend 
 and well wisher to the Institution, and who knows in what 
 JNIasonry consists, to unite on this occasion, in a general 
 effort to do away what is known to be an unjust reproach, 
 by a public manifestation of continued attachment to the 
 usage of the Craft, and a practical observance of its pure and 
 sublime precepts. For extensive is the opinion among Ma- 
 sons, that to let the approaching festival pass by, without 
 honoring it with those public testimonials of respect and 
 veneraton, which it has almost invariably received for ages 
 past, would be to abandon, in a great degree, the institution 
 itself to the scoffs of mahce, the slander of enemies, and the 
 disrespect of even its professed but uninterested friends. 
 
 Feeling sensibly the force of the opinion just expressed, 
 the Connnittee indulge the hope, that the Members of your 
 Lodge will honor the occasion with a general attendance. 
 
 Andrew Newel, 
 d. w. bucklin, 
 I. B. Crawe, 
 Z. H. Adams, 
 J. W. Baker, 
 W. Woodward, 
 I. H. Bronson, 
 
 Committee of Arrangements." 
 
 Another document that will be of interest to the members 
 
 188 
 
Masonic Apkon, 
 Presented to Klnatlian Judd in 1806, by Cincinnatus Lodge, Great Karrington, Mass. 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 of the present lodge, is a dispensation dated July (), 1853, 
 to constitute Cape Vincent Lodge, No. 293, and install its 
 officers elect. It reads as follows : 
 
 "To All Whom it May Concern : 
 
 "But more especially to Brothers Worshipful Zebulon Con- 
 verse, Master elect; Otis P. Starkey, Senior Warden elect; 
 Jacob Berringer, Junior Warden elect ; and the rest of the 
 brethren who have been empowered by Warrant of Consti- 
 tution regularly issued under the authority of the Most 
 Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Most Ancient and Honor- 
 able Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of the State 
 of New York, to assemble as a regular Lodge in the Town 
 of Cape Vincent, County of Jefferson, and State of New 
 York. 
 
 "Know Ye, That, reposing special trust and confidence 
 in the skill, prudence and integrity of our Worshipful 
 Brother Lysander H. Brown, we have thought proper, our- 
 selves being unable to attend to nominate and appoint our 
 said Worshipful Brother L^^sander H. Brown, to constitute 
 'in form,' the brethren afoi'esaid, into a regular Lodge, to 
 l)c known and distinguished by the name of Cape Vincent 
 Lodge, No. 293, and to install their officers elect, according 
 to Ancient form and the usages of the Craft ; and for so 
 doing, this shall be his Warrant. And the said Worshipful 
 Brother Lysander H. Brown is hereby required to make due 
 return of such act of Constitution and Installation, without 
 delay, to the Grand Secretary's office. 
 
 "Given under our hand and the seal of the Grand Lodge, 
 at New York, this sixth day of Jidy, A L., 5853. 
 
 Joseph U. Evans, 
 
 Deputy Grand ^Master. 
 
 James ]\I. Austin, 
 
 Grand Secretary." 
 
 191 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 June 18, 1906, Cape Vincent Lodge, No. 29S F. & A. M., 
 was 53 years old. The following were the Charter jNIcmbers : 
 Zebulon Converse, Ward E. Ingalls, 
 
 Otis P. Starkey, Ira Hadley, 
 
 Jacob Berringer, Sidney W. Ainsworth, 
 
 Roswell T. Lee, Dickinson B. Kellogg, 
 
 Charles Smith, Adam A. Gray, 
 
 Robert C. Bartlett, Willard Ainsworth, 
 
 Walter Collins, Samuel Forsyth, 
 
 Frederick Orton, James Homan, 
 
 James Buckley, 
 
 The charter members have all passed away. 
 
 First Officers : 
 
 W. M., Zebulon Converse, S. D., Roswell T. Lee, 
 
 S. W., Otis P. Starkey, J. D., Charles Smith, 
 
 J. W., Jacob Berringer, S. M. C, S. W. Ainsworth, 
 
 Sec, Robert C. Bartlett, J. M. C, D. B. Kellogg, 
 
 Treas., Ward E. Ingalls, Tiler, Ira Hadley. 
 
 These officers were installed on July 28, 1853, by Lysander 
 H. Brown, of Watertown. At the first meeting four candi- 
 dates applied for admission and at the next meeting were 
 accepted. They were James A. Lee, Calvin Fletcher, H. 
 VanSchaick and Philetus Judd. 
 
 The following communication from Watertown Lodge, No. 
 49, dated April 11, 1859, has also been found among the old 
 records : 
 
 "Brothers : — Dr. Amasa Trowbridge will be buried to- 
 morrow (Tuesday) at 2:00 o'clock p.m. As many of your 
 members as can conveniently meet us on this solemn occasion 
 we would be pleased to see. The doctor has been a Mason 
 nearly 60 years ; a greater amount of skill has seldom been 
 
 192 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 found coiu-t'iitratetl in one brother than was in him; no de- 
 sign on his trestle board so complex that he could not solve, 
 and no trestle board now remaining in our country that has 
 been in active service so long. He met the great Masonic 
 foe and fell calmly beneath his silent blows. Let us revere 
 the memory of our dear departed. 
 
 "Yours fraternally, 
 
 R. P. Flower, Sec. 
 
 The following is a list of Masters since the formation of 
 the Lodge and the number of years each held office. 
 
 Zebulon Converse, 6 years 
 
 A. J. Smith, 3 " 
 
 D. B. Owen, 3 
 
 S. Bickford, 3 
 
 Henry A. House 5 " 
 
 George Starkey, -1 " 
 
 Llovd O. Woodruff, .... 11 
 
 J. Albert Scobell, 1 
 
 L. G. Kelsey, 1 
 
 L. R. Dezengremel, .... 1 " 
 
 Thomas Masson, ^2 " 
 
 L. C. Marks, 5 
 
 Charles B. Wood 3 
 
 H. Roy Allen, 2 
 
 W. A. Caslcr, 2 " 
 
 Frank R. Gardner, .... 1 
 Geo. S. Laird, present incumbent. 
 
 The officers for the present year are as follows : 
 
 W. M., Geo. S. Laird, Chap., Rev. C. N. Tyndell, 
 
 S. W., H. B. Saunders, S. D., George A. Potter, 
 
 J. W., W. S. Vincent, J. D., A. H. Humphrey, 
 
 Sec, H. Rov Allen, S. M. C , Wm. Raymond, 
 
 Treas., S. S*. Block, J. M. C, W. E. Stanley, 
 
 Tiler, John ^NlcC'auley. 
 
 193 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Cape Vincent Chapter, No. 96, Royal Arch Masons. 
 
 On the third day of February, 1825, the Grand Royal 
 Arch Chapter of the State of New York granted a charter 
 for a chapter of Royal Arch Masons to be formed, consti- 
 tuted and holden at the village of Cape Vincent, Jefferson 
 County, to be distinguished by the name of Rising Virtue, 
 No. 96, with Stockwell Osgood as High Priest, Hezekiah H. 
 Smith as King, and Roswell T. Lee as Scribe. On the sixth 
 day of February, 1857, the name was changed to Cape A^in- 
 cent Chapter, No. 96. The present officers are H. Roy Allen, 
 High Priest, Charles B. Wood, King, C. T. Sacket, Scribe. 
 W. S. Vincent, Secretary, S. S. Block, Treasurer, George 
 A. Potter, C. of H., F. R. Gardner, P. S., Fred Johnson, 
 R. A. C, H. B. Saunders, M. 3rd V., Charles Armstrong, 
 M. 2nd v., W. A. Casler, M. 1st V., John McCauley, Tiler. 
 
 Brotherly Union Lodge, No. 865, I. O. O. F., was organ- 
 ized May 30th, 1903. The present officers are C. B. Wood, 
 Noble Grand, W. E. Stanley, Vice-Grand, H. W. Bailey, 
 Treasurer, Charles Foster, Financial Secretary, Andrew 
 Truell, Secretary, John Walker, Warden, Robert Bennet, 
 Conductor, Alfred Humphrey, R. S. N. G., George Reed, 
 L. S. N. G., John Munigan,^R. S. to V. G., William Ross, 
 L. S. to V. G., B. F. Willoughby, S. S. 
 
 The Cape Vincent Agricultural Society. 
 
 An Agricultural Society was formed in the Spring of 
 1850, and in the fall the first fair was held in Mr. Charles 
 Smith's barn at Maple Grove, which has since become the 
 property of Mr. Frank Dezengremel. Li 1883 the present 
 Agricultural Society was organized with Mr. A. B. Cltvc 
 land as President, Mr. E. L. Beaufort as First Vice-President, 
 Mr. J. B. Grappotte as Second Vice-President, Mr. L. G. 
 Kelsey as Secretary and Mr. L. O. Woodruff as Treasurer. 
 
 194 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 The' society owns their grounds and buildings, and this 
 year they are proposing to hold an "Old Home Week," in 
 connection with the annual fair. The present officers are Mr. 
 Joseph Bates, President, Mr. F. W. Sacket, First Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Mr. James O'Neil, Second Vice-President, Mr. Frank 
 Dczcngremel, Secretary, Mr. P. H. Judd, Treasurer, and Mr- 
 Charles C". Cook, General Superintendent. 
 
 The Cape Vincent Eagle. 
 
 M. Paguerre, who had been Secretary-General under La- 
 martine, Ledree and Rolhn, came to Cape Vincent in 1849. 
 He was forced into exile by the election of Louis Napoleon to 
 the Presidency of France. He had been a member of the 
 Paris press, and after his arrival here started a French paper 
 called the "Currier des Lac." Its existence was brief. 
 
 Paul A. Leach issued the first number of the Cape Vincent 
 Gazette, May 8, 1858. It was succeeded by the Frontier 
 Patriot, May 10, 1862, with P. H. Keenan as editor. Mr. 
 Kcenan entered the army, and the paper was left in charge 
 of Robert Mitchell. Shortly after, Mr. Mitchell left town 
 and has never returned. 
 
 The first number of the Cape Vincent Eagle appeared 
 April 18, 1872. It was estabhshed by Messrs. Ames and 
 Hart of DcRuyter, N. Y. The merchants and business men 
 of the village furnished the funds, and allowed the publishers 
 to repay them by advertising, subscriptions and job work. 
 The ])aper was conducted about two years, when Mr. Ames 
 purchased Mr. Hart's interest, and continued the publication 
 initil April 24, 1877- Then it was purchased by the present 
 editor and publisher, Mr. Charles B. Wood, of DcRuyter. 
 
 I have selected from the first copy of the Eagle, a few local 
 items which may px'ove interesting. 
 
 197 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 "Try WoodfufF's 11 cent sugar,— can't be beat." 
 "Bushnell and Kelsey have added a new stock, of varnish 
 to show cases, etc. Things look brighter." 
 
 "The channel between the Cape and Wolfe Island is crossed 
 by ice-boats, and the Island by stage." 
 Among the Advertisers appear : 
 
 "M. E. Lee, Attorney and Counselor, Cape Vincent, N. Y." 
 "Francis N. Fitch, Attorney and Counselor of Law." 
 "W. B. Buckley, Agt. Northern Transportation Co." 
 "Scobell Bros., Malsters and Brewers." 
 "Archibald Graham, Carpenter and Joiner." 
 "Phelps and Armstrong, Blacksmiths." 
 "I. T. Cross, Dealer in Lumber, Laths, etc." 
 "R. Olds, Manufacturer and Dealer in Harnesses, etc." 
 "C. C. Brown, Telegraph and Exchange Office." 
 The Eagle is now issued from its own home, a substantial, 
 two-story brick building on Broadway. It is one of the best 
 equipped country printing offices in Northern New York. 
 All its improved machinery, presses and folders are run by 
 water-power. The Eagle is not only home printed, but home 
 edited; no plate matter is used in its composition, except an 
 occasional short story. Its circulation in the town is good, 
 and there is scarcely a state in the Union that the Eagle does 
 not reach weekly. Mr. H. Roy Allen and Mr. Edward Fitz- 
 gerald are employed in the office. 
 
 The Civil War. 
 
 During the Civil War the town of Cape Vincent responded 
 loyally to the call for men, and placed more than two hun- 
 dred in the army. Under the call of October 17, 1863, 44; 
 under that of February 1, 1864, 70; March 14, 28; July 
 18, 56; December 19, 40. 
 
 A permanent war committee was appointed August 6, 
 1862, which continued until 1865, and the record of Cape 
 Vincent in the Rebellion is one of loyalty and patriotism. 
 
 198 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Albert D. Shaw was the first volunteer from the town. He 
 was discharged at the close of the war in 1865, having served 
 as special agent of the provost marshal's office in Watertown 
 since 1863. In 1866 he was elected member of Assembly 
 from the second district of Jefferson County. In 1867 Gov- 
 ernor Fenton appointed him Colonel of the 36th regiment of 
 the N. Y. S. N. G. In 1868 he was appointed U. S. Consul 
 at Toronto, Ontario, and in 1878 to the important consulate 
 at Manchester, England, remaining until 1885. In 1899 
 Colonel Shaw was elected Commander-in-chief of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic, and at the time of his death, Febru- 
 ary 10, 1901, represented the 21<th District in Congress. 
 
 D. B. Sacket Post, No. 268. 
 
 The officers are: Mr. Charles I. Gardner, Commander; Mr. 
 E. B. Moore, Sen. Vice-Commander; Mr. Louis Mance, Jr., 
 Vice-Commander ; Mr. John H. Parker, Chaplain ; Mr. Gil- 
 bert Chapman, Surgeon; Mr. E. D. Hilts, Adjutant; Mr. 
 William Anthony, Officer of the Day ; Mr. A. Pluche, Officer 
 of the Guard. 
 
 This Post was named in honor of General Delos B. Sacket, 
 
 the son of Dr. Gideon S. Sacket. He was born in 1822, and 
 
 g-raduated from West Point in 181<5. He served with dis- 
 
 • • 1 
 
 tinction in the Mexican and Civil Wars, attaining the rank 
 
 of brevet Major-General for faithful and meritorious services 
 
 in the Rebellion. He died in 1885. 
 
 Cape Vincent Grange. 
 
 Cape Vincent Grange was organized in November, 1889, 
 with twenty-one charter members. Mr. Louis R. Dezen- 
 gremel, Mr. Martin Doctor, ]Mr. Norman Ross, ]Mr. and Mrs. 
 Edgar J. Vincent, Mr. and jNIrs. Byron Esselstyn, Mr. 
 
 201 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Jolin Armstrong, Mr. and Mrs. Henry T. Humphrey, Mr. 
 Bernard McKinley, Mr. Fred J. Shafer, Mr. Henry Zim- 
 merman, Mr. William S. Armstrong, Mr. Joseph Favrie, 
 Mr. Joseph H. Bates, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Radley, Mr. and 
 Mrs. Charles C Cook, Mrs. Richard Humphrey. Mi'- John 
 Armstrong was the first Master. 
 
 The present officers are : Master, Mr. Edgar J. Vincent ; 
 Overseer, Mr. M. G. Fitzgerald ; Lecturer, Mrs. Charles Saun- 
 ders ; Steward, Mr. Philetus S. Judd ; Assistant Steward, Mr. 
 Charles Saunders ; Chaplain, Mrs. Robert Laird ; Treasurer, 
 Mr. Arthur White ; Secretary, Mrs. M. G. Fitzgerald ; Gate- 
 keeper, Mr. Hiram B. Saunders ; Pomona, Mrs. Emma K. 
 Sheley ; Flora, Mrs. George Saunders ; Ceres, Mrs. Minerva 
 Humphrey ; Lady Assistant Steward, Mrs. Fred Humphrey. 
 
 Jefferson County's Centennial and Old Home Week was 
 celebrated June 19-24, 1905. The Committee from Cape 
 Vincent were : Fred Stowell, Chairman ; Mrs. Clara Folger, 
 Mrs. Frank N. Potter, INIiss Cynthia Forsyth, Miss Ruth Fol- 
 ger, Miss Mary Hinckley, Mrs. Fred MacWayne, Mrs. H. 
 G. Dawson, Mrs. Caroline J. Soule, Mrs. Frank Dezengre- 
 mel, Mrs. D. Bamford, Mrs, Jacob Putnam, Miss Eva Stoel, 
 Mrs. Louis R. Dezengremel, Rev. J. F. Byrnes, Mr. C. T. 
 Sacket, Mr. James Howard, Mr. W. S. Parker, Mr. Louis 
 Chavoustie, Mr. Robert Percy, Mr. V. Swartout, Mr. Living- 
 ston Stone, Mr. C I. Gardner, Mr. V. Swartout. 
 
 Count Real and the " Cup and Saucer " House. 
 
 Count Pierre Francois Real, General Jean Francois Hol- 
 land, Camille Arnaud, Paul Charboneau and Professor Pig- 
 eon, secretary to Count Real, exiled from France by 
 the downfall of Napoleon I, came here in 1816. Count Real, 
 French statesman, was born about 1757, at Chaton, near 
 Paris. Li 1779 he became a practitioner in the Court of the 
 
 202 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Chatelet, Paris. Through intimacy with Daiitoii he was ap- 
 pointed,- — when Louis XVI. was lead prisoner to the temple, 
 — public prosecutor for the Extraordinary^ Criminal Tri- 
 bunal. Upon Danton's death he was imprisoned by Rob- 
 espierre, but released upon the overthrow of that rule of 
 terror. Under the Dii'cctory he was made historiographer of 
 the Republic, and filled at the same time the office of coun- 
 sel for defenceless prisoners. After the overthrow of the 
 Directory, he supported Bonaparte again, and became a mem- 
 ber of the Council of State and later associated in the Minis- 
 try of Police. 
 
 He it was who discovered the perpetrators of the plot 
 against the First Consul in December, 1800. "The coach 
 of the First Consul was stopped in the Rue St. Nicaire by a 
 small cart which barred the way ; the coachman urged for- 
 ward the horses, and passed it. At the same instant an ex- 
 plosion was heard. Bonaparte stopped his carriage and com- 
 prehended at once the cause of the accident. A barrel of 
 powder, loaded with grapeshot, had been placed upon the 
 road ; the victims were numerous and the assassins escaped." 
 The horse attached to the cart was killed, and from its pe- 
 culiar shoe, Count Real traced the blacksmith who shod it 
 and learned from him the owner. "Two assistants of Georges 
 Cadoudal, Limoclan and St. Rejant, who had formerly taken 
 part in the civil wars, entered into partnership with a man 
 of the lower orders named Carbon, who bought the cart, the 
 horse and powder." He was found concealed in Paris ; Limoe- 
 lan had fled abroad. St. Rejant, who had let off the infer- 
 nal machine, had not recovered from the injuries caused by 
 it ; and Carbon, having betrayed his place of concealment, 
 and all details of the plot, they were both executed." Cad- 
 oudal escaped to England. 
 
 During the Hundred Days, Real was made Prefect of 
 Police. M. Decazes refused to take the oath of allegiance 
 
 203 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 to Napoleon and tried to persuade others to follow his ex- 
 ample. M. Real was obliged to inform him of the decision 
 that he was to be banished. He did not conceal his regret 
 that the Emperor was intending to banish jNI. Decazcs, and 
 tried to turn him from it. After the second return of Louis 
 XVIII. Decazes had charge of a similar mission for Real. 
 After the time of the Anmesty, he withdrew to the Low 
 Countries, and from there he came to the United States. In 
 May M. Decazes was number forty on the list of exiles, in 
 August, M. Real was number fifty-eight. 
 
 Before his exile, Count Real stood high in the Emperor's 
 favor. One day Napoleon asked of him if he owned a coun- 
 try house. "Ves, Sire, five leagues from Paris," replied Real. 
 
 "It is too far, you must buy another one." said the Em- 
 peror. 
 
 "I am not able. Sire, without selling mine, and one does 
 not sell one's property in a day. I am not made of money, 
 and I make myself do honor to your Majesty." 
 
 The next time Real went to the Tuileries, Napoleon said, 
 "Well, have you found a house to buy.'' Search well." 
 
 Real replied, "I will have to search well if I find one for 
 nothing." 
 
 The next evening M. Real received a bond of 500,000 
 francs with which to buy a house. It was with this money 
 that M. Real purchased the beautiful place on the Bois de 
 Boulogne, which is now the residence of Baron Edmond 
 Rothschild. 
 
 Desclozeaux tells several amusing anecdotes of Real. The 
 Count called at the home of Fouche just as the minister was 
 setting out for Luxembourg. 
 
 "Come with me," said Fouche. 
 
 "No," replied Real, "I would meet Gohier with his wild 
 air, and he would demand a report." 
 
 204 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 "If it is that which embarrasses you, liunt in that waste 
 basket and you will find two hundred reports. Choose the 
 most amusing or the most simple that will be something to 
 occupy him and his contre-police." 
 
 M. Real searched the basket and found one which seemed 
 sufficiently interesting. It told of the assembling of four 
 or five hundred men in a garden several evenings in succes- 
 sion. ■ Although the garden was approached, they spoke so 
 low that no one was able to hear. 
 
 "If," said M. Real, "with this wonderful discovery, Gohier 
 is not content, he is not reasonable." 
 
 Gohier was there with his usual air, and his first words 
 Avere, "Have you anything to report .f^" 
 
 "Yes, here is something, but I don't believe in it. But, Citi- 
 zen Director, you may read it, you may think otherwise," 
 said Real. 
 
 Gohier read, and from the first words his attention re- 
 doubled. After finishing the three pages of the report, he 
 re-read it and then said: 
 
 "Citizen Real, it is much more serious than you suppose. 
 It is not the first time I have heard of this assembly. I am 
 truly astonished that you give so little attention to affairs 
 so grave. Examine the affair at once and report to me." 
 
 Real believed he had been unfortunate enough to find a 
 report filled with truth among two hundred filled with lies. 
 Finding, however, an honest man who promised to learn the 
 truth, he was reassured. The next day he received the fol- 
 lowing account: The garden joined a hat factory. The 
 nights of the supposed assembling, the manufacturer put 
 the hats in his garden to dry, placing them on the top of a 
 grape trellis. "Perceiving so many hats, one might be per- 
 mitted to suppose they covered the heads of men." said Real, 
 when reporting his discovery to Gohier, who never pardoned 
 the joke. 
 
 That Count Real and his compatriots were concerned in a 
 
 207 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 plot to rescue Napoleon from St. Helena, there can be no 
 doubt. People who had access to the fact and who were not 
 likely to be deceived, and were certainly incapable of decep- 
 tion, assert that it was intended that Napoleon should live 
 in the "Cup and Saucer House" which Count Real built 
 prior to 1818, and occupied in Cape Vincent. Mr. Theo- 
 philus Peugnet, a personal friend of Count Real, told many 
 interesting anecdotes concerning the Count, which in turn 
 have been related by his wife, now Mrs. Fraser. 
 
 Dr. Gideon S. Sacket came to Cape Vincent in 1818. His 
 intimate relations with the first settlers as friend and physi- 
 cian are well known, and the generous hospitality offered by 
 his family was proverbial. From his daughter, Mrs. J. B. 
 Ainsworth many interesting facts concerning these French 
 exiles have been ascertained. 
 
 During the building of the "Cup and Saucer House" which 
 he subsequently occupied, and which was to have been Napo- 
 leon's refuge in this country. Count Real boarded in the fam- 
 ily of John B. Esselstyn. He returned to France in 1818, but 
 on March 8, 1822, we find him again in Cape Vincent, as his 
 name appears among a list of charter members of the first 
 Masonic Lodge chartered on that date. 
 
 The "Cup and Saucer House," so-called from its pecuhar 
 style of architecture, resembled an inverted cup placed in a 
 saucer. It stood on the ground now occupied by the power 
 house of the water works, and was burned in 1867. It caught 
 fire from one of the fire places in the parlor. 
 
 Count Real and his friends were well supplied with scien- 
 tific instruments for making experiments in chemistry and 
 natural philosophy. Desclozeaux says, "M. Real as a chem- 
 ist and machinst consecrated the greatest part of his large 
 fortune acquired under the Empire in experiments of all 
 kinds. He was the inventor of a very fine philter for atmos- 
 
 208 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 pheric pressure. In dying he left unfinished a machine for 
 vapor, after a new system upon which later scientists have 
 given a favorable opinion. He was also a great lover of 
 antiquities." They also brought with them articles which had 
 belonged to Napoleon. These included valuable pictures, one 
 of which was a portrait of Jean Jacques Rousseau, painted 
 by the great French painter Boucher. They brought ele- 
 gant furniture and in fact, everything required for the fur- 
 nishing of a house worthy of their beloved Emperor. One 
 room in the house was always known as "Napoleon's Room." 
 The death of Napoleon cut short the plans for his rescue. 
 
 About 1826, Madame le Baronne Eulalie Fran9oise Lacuee 
 accompanied Hyacinth Peugnet and his bride to America. 
 She was the only daughter of Count Real and the widow of 
 General Jean Chrysostome Douzon de Lacuee. She resided 
 here for a while and was an intimate friend of Mme. Sacket. 
 
 Joseph Bonaparte, who first came to Northern New York 
 after Napoleon's death in 1822, visited Count Real several 
 times. Political events finally allowed these exiles to return 
 to France. Count Real died in Paris, in 1831. In 1833 his 
 daughter applied to the Secretary of State for the right to 
 dispose of her father's pi'operty in this town, which consisted 
 of more than a thousand acres of land. In this application 
 she is mentioned as the only surviving child of Count Real 
 and the wife of Leonor Fran9ois Fresnel of Paris, France. 
 The "Cup and Saucer House" passed into the possession of 
 Thcophilus Peugnet, who was living in it when it was burned. 
 The Children of the American Revolution here, desiring to 
 perpetuate the memory of this house built for Emperor Na- 
 poleon, have named their chapter in honor of it, and the his- 
 torical associations it bears. 
 
 The Cup and Saucer House Societ}^ Children of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution, was organized in October, 1904. The mem- 
 
 211 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 bers are: Mrs. William A. Casler, President; Miss Frances 
 C. Dawson, Secretary; Miss Grace K. Sheley, Registrar; 
 Miss Mary E. Sheley, Treasurer ; Miss H. Blanche Dezen- 
 gremel. Historian; Miss Jessie W. Sheley, Color-bearer; 
 Miss Maria G. Dawson, Cor. Secretary. Miss Ruth Byrnes, 
 Miss Anna C. Potter, Miss Cary N. Tyndell, Miss Helena 
 I. Spafford, Miss Kate W. Sill and Miss Frances Reed. 
 
 There is little in modern days that tells the present gener- 
 ation of the very different life of a hundred years ago. What 
 the first settlers actually endured can only be known from 
 comparatively few sources of information, historical and tra- 
 ditional, and never fully understood or realized by us of the 
 present day. For instance, the wife of an early settler lived, 
 as has been learned from one of her descendants, in a log 
 cabin with a blanket for a door, far from neighbors and in 
 a dense forest. Wolves and bears were numerous. At night 
 the dog was tied in the doorway to protect its inmates. 
 Often, in her husband's absence, she was obliged to seek the 
 roof as the only place of safety from wild beasts. Sometimes 
 she would sit there for hours with her feet down the rude 
 stone chimney in order to keep warm. 
 
 The story of the adventures, hardships and trouble encoun- 
 tered by the first settlers is gradually becoming dim in the 
 memory of their descendents. Only here and there may a few 
 facts be gathered from some member of a family that has 
 cherished their memory as an heirloom. 
 
 What has been done in the hundred years by the energy 
 and perseverance of the settlers of Cape Vincent and their 
 descendants may now well speak for itself. All these grati- 
 fying results, combined with the advantageous location of 
 the town, the extent of its transportation facilities, and its 
 commercial prosperity, should insure for it a future commen- 
 surate with its honorable and progressive past. 
 
 212 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 Elnathan Judd's Masonic Apron. 
 
 In 1809, Captain Elnathan Judd came here and settled on 
 the farm now occupied by INIr. Charles C. Cook, his great 
 grandson. He brought with him the Masonic apron shown 
 on page 189. It is made of white silk, bound with narrow 
 red ribbon and the emblems are traced in India ink. The 
 following letter confirms the family tradition, that the apron 
 was presented to Mr. Judd one hundred years ago, by Great 
 Barrington Masonic Lodge. 
 
 Great Barrixgtox, Mass. 
 
 Nov. 1, 1906. 
 CiNcixNATUs Lodge, 
 
 F. & A. M. 
 Dear Madam : — 
 
 Referring to your inquiry about Elnathan Judd, I find a 
 man by that name was raised in Cincinnatus Lodge, Febru- 
 ary 26, 1806. I also find upon further examination of our 
 records that Mr. Judd was elected and installed in the follow- 
 ing offices, as Senior Deacon on Dec. 2-1, 1806, and as Senior 
 Warden on Dec. 9, 1807. 
 
 The apron was no doubt given to Bro. Judd when he 
 joined the Lodge, as that was the custom among the differ- 
 ent Lodges in those days. 
 
 Fraternally yours, 
 
 Fraxk H. Briggs, 
 
 Sec'v. 
 
 213 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 Road Surveys. 
 
 From Dutch Point to the turnpike, 
 
 May, 1825. 
 
 I. I. SciPEo Hassler, Sur. 
 Samuel Lockwood, 
 Benj. Estes, 
 Wm. a. Lynde, T. C. 
 
 Com. 
 From Millen's Bay to Clayton, 
 May 24, 1828. 
 
 Zebulon Converse, Sur. 
 Joseph Cross, 
 Alfred Ackerly, 
 
 Com. 
 
 St. Oar's Corners through to French Settlement, 
 July 6, 1831. 
 
 Z. Converse, Sur. 
 P. P. Gaige, T. C. 
 
 From French Settlement to turnpike, 
 July 7, 1832. 
 
 Z. Converse, Sur. 
 
 Wm. Estes, 
 
 R. H. Bartlett, 
 
 Com. 
 
 From St. Lawrence River to Catfish Falls, 
 1833. 
 
 Z. Converse, Sur. 
 
 From the French Church to St. Lawrence River, 
 June 21, 1833. 
 
 Z. Converse, Sur. 
 Buell Fuller, 
 RuFUs H. Bartlett, 
 
 Com. 
 Benj. Ryder, T. C. 
 
 214 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 From the turnpike to the above road, 
 June 2^, 1833. 
 
 South Frencli Settlement road, 
 July 7, 1832. 
 
 Z. Converse. 
 
 From the turnpike to Wilson Settlement, 
 June 21, 1839. 
 
 Z. Converse, Sur. 
 Elisha Dodge, 
 Henry Powers, 
 
 Com. 
 
 Dan'l J. Schuyler, T. C. 
 
 2.5 Octobre, 1905. 
 La Bretauchc, 
 Par Checy, 
 
 Loirct. 
 
 Madam. 
 
 Par Ic meme courrier Pirou vous expedie la photogra- 
 phie aggrandic de mon Grand Pere Vincent le Ray de 
 Chaumont. Je veux esperer qu'elle remplira les conditions 
 qui conviennent a votre publication, et je vous prie d'agreer 
 :^radam, avec mes remerciements de la pari que voulez bien 
 donner a ma famille dans I'histoire de votre Pays et a 
 laquelle, je suis fort sensible, toutes les expressions de mes 
 plus respectueux hommages. 
 
 St. Paul. 
 
 Letter of Charles Lc Ray de Chaumont, 
 
 Marquis de St. Paul. 
 
 215 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 Inscriptions Copied in St. John's Church Cemetery. 
 
 The first interment here was the body of Jonathan How- 
 land, whose descendents have recently replaced the first stone 
 erected at his grave, by a handsome stone bearing the fol- 
 lowing inscription : 
 
 JONAHAN ROWLAND, 
 
 DIED 
 OCT. 12, 1841. AE. 60 YRS., 2 MO. 28 DS. 
 
 SIK WILLIAM PEARCE HOWLAND OF TORONTO, CANADA, THE 
 SOLE SURVIVING CHILD, NOW IN HIS 95tH YEAR, TAKES THIS 
 OPPORTUNITY OF TESTIFYING TO THE GREAT GOODNESS AND 
 PERFECT CHARACTER OF HIS DEAR FATHER. 
 
 HIS GRANDCHILDREN JOIN WITH HIM IN THE ERECTION OF 
 THIS MONUMENT, AS A TOKEN OF THEIR LOVE AND RESPECT. 
 
 GIDEON S. SACKET, 
 
 DIED 
 
 SE;PT. 24, 1860. 
 
 JE. 6S Y^RS. 
 
 OTIS P. STARKEY, 
 
 DIED 
 JAN. 6, 1857. 
 JE. 59 Y'RS. 
 
 JOHN DUVILLARD, 
 
 DIED 
 
 OCT. 19, 1847, 
 
 AGED 46 YRS. 
 
 OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. 
 
 SMITH BARTLETT, 
 
 DIED 
 
 NOV. 12th, 1867. 
 
 ^. 87 YRS., 6 MO., 19 D'S. 
 
 AT REST, 
 JOHN Mc HENRY, 
 
 DIED 
 JAN. 9, 1877. 
 JE. 71 YRS. 9 MO. 
 A TRUE FRIEND, A KIND HUS- 
 BAND AND FATHER. 
 
 FANNY, 
 
 WIFE OF G. S. SACKET 
 
 DIED 
 
 ALTG. 4, 1851. 
 
 JE. 55 YRS. 
 
 BEULAH, 
 
 WIFE OF OTIS P. STARKEY, 
 
 DIED 
 
 MAY 9, 1876, 
 
 ^. 73 YRS., 6 MO., 21 DAY'S. 
 
 MARTHA R. 
 
 WIFE OF JOHN DUVILLARD 
 
 DIED 
 
 OCTOBER 24, 18G5, 
 
 JE. 55 YRS. 
 
 SARAH, 
 
 WIFE OF SMITH BARTLETT. 
 
 DIED 
 
 OCT. 4th, 1851, 
 
 JE. 70 YRS., 4 MO.. 12 DS. 
 
 JANE, 
 
 DAUGHTER OF 
 
 JOHN AND SARAH J. MILLIGAN, 
 
 DIED 
 
 JULY 16. 1875. 
 
 AGED 20 YRS., 4 MO. 
 
 GONE BUT NOT FORGOTTEN. 
 
 216 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ANX, 
 
 WIFE OF 
 
 SAMUEL, FORSYTH, 
 
 DIED 
 
 APRIL 1, 1S47. 
 
 JE. 56 YRS., 3 MO. 
 
 A NATIVE OP PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 FERDINAND E. HASSLER, 
 
 DIED APRIL 15, 1869, 
 
 ^ 51 YEARS. 
 
 Betty IIaxsox Dezexckejiel, 
 
 BORN APRIL 22, 1822, 
 DIED JAN. 19, 1902. 
 
 DELOS B. SACKET, 
 
 INSPECTOR GEN. U. S. ARMY. 
 
 BORN CAPE VINCENT, 
 
 APRIL 14, 1822, 
 
 DIED WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 
 MARCH 8, 1885. 
 
 FRANCES ANN SACKET, 
 
 JAN. 2, 1834. 
 APR. 5, 1899. 
 
 BUEL FULLER, 
 
 DIED 
 
 JAN. 17, 1857, 
 
 ^E. 63. 
 
 ELLTAH H. HERRICK, 
 
 DIED MARCH 19, 1864. 
 JE. 79 YRS. 
 
 JEMLMA, 
 
 WIFE OF ELIJAH H. HERRICK 
 DIED DEC. 14, 1853, 
 JE. 66 YRS.. 7 MO. 
 
 CALVIN KEITH POOL, 
 
 SEPT. 20, tS05, 
 SEPT. 4, 1874. 
 
 JANE, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 NOV. 10, 1815, 
 MAY 6, 1899. 
 
 PETER KING, 
 
 BORN IN FRANCE, 
 OCT. 6, 1800. 
 
 DIED 
 DEC. 27, 1864. 
 
 CHRISTIAN KRENCHOFF, 
 
 DIED 
 OCT. 12, 1860, 
 .E. 84 YRS. 
 
 ADOLPHUS F. ISELIN, 
 BORN IN FRANCE. 
 
 NOV. 10, 1819. 
 DIED MAY 25, 1881. 
 
 SUSAN, 
 
 WIFE OF PETER KING, 
 
 DIED 
 
 OCT. 6, 1883. 
 
 JE. 84 YRS., 6 MO. 
 
 SUSAN, 
 
 WIFE OF 
 
 CHRISTON KRENCHOFF. 
 
 DIED 
 
 DEC. 2, 1878. 
 
 ^. 90 YRS. 
 
 A NATIVE OF FRANCE. 
 
 217 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 GEORGE SAUNDERS SEN, 
 
 BORN JAN. 27, 1810. 
 
 IN THE PARISH OF 
 
 PEDSMARSHIRE. 
 
 EMIGRATED APRIL 19, 1841, 
 
 FROM LONDON. 
 
 DIED DEC. 14, 1S79. 
 
 ^E. 69 YRS., 10 MO., 17 DA. 
 
 CORDELIA, 
 
 WIFE OF GEORGE SAUNDERS, 
 BORN ' JULY 16, 1809, IN WEST- 
 FIELD PARISH, 
 CO. OF SUSSEX, OLD ENGLAND. 
 
 DIED APRIL 19, 1876. 
 JE. 66 YRS., 9 MO., AND 9 DAYS. 
 
 JACOB BERRINGER, 
 
 BORN JULY 25, 1805. 
 DIED FEB. 2, 1S85. 
 
 GERTRUDE BERDUX, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 BORN MAY 3, 1806. 
 DIED DEC. 1, 1888. 
 
 GEORGE F. BARTLETT, 
 
 DIED 
 
 FEB. 27, 1888. 
 
 JE. 75 YRS. 
 
 R. H. SONGHURST, 
 
 DIED 
 
 AUG. 8, 1852. 
 ^. 25 YRS. AND 5 MO. 
 
 ELIZABETH LAIRD, 
 
 RELICT OF 
 
 RICHARD SONGHURST, 
 
 AND WIFE OF 
 
 THOMAS HUDSON, 
 
 BORN DEC. 25, 1825. 
 
 DIED DEC. 8, 1899. 
 
 JOHN LAIRD, 
 
 DIED 
 
 SEPT. 17, 1861. 
 JE. 64 YEARS. • 
 
 MARY, 
 
 WIFE OF JOHN LAIRD, 
 
 DIED MAY 27, 1888. 
 
 ^E. S8 YEARS, 10 MO., 24 DAYS. 
 
 ABRAM COOPER, 
 FEBY. 9, 1811-MARCH 14, 1891. 
 
 HARRIET ELLIS, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 SEPT. 6, 1S28-APRIL 8, 1903. 
 
 ROBERT MOORE, 
 
 DIED MAY 11, 1876, 
 AGED 60 YRS.. 9 MO., 4 DAYS. 
 
 ALMIRA, 
 
 WIFE OF 
 
 ROBERT MOORE. 
 
 DIED MARCH 11, 1882. 
 
 AGED 65 YRS., 1 MO.. AND 20 DATS 
 
 218 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Inscriptions Copied in Market Street Cemetery. 
 
 The first interment here was probably the remains of Levi 
 Cross. His monument is inscribed : 
 
 Sacred to the memory of 
 LEVI CROSS, 
 
 WHO DIED IN KINGSTON, UPPER 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 JAN. 29, 1S20. 
 
 iN THE 23 YEAR OF HIS AGE. 
 
 JOSEPH CROSS, 
 
 DIED MAY 13, 1841. 
 JE. 50 YRS. 
 
 MARIUM, 
 
 WIPE OF JOSEPH CROSS. 
 DIED MAY 30, 1884. 
 AGED 91 YRS. 
 
 JAMES CROSS, 
 
 DIED AUG. 14, 1860. 
 
 JB. 60 YRS., 2 MO. 
 
 Friend and Physician Could Not Save 
 
 This Mortal Body from the Grave; 
 Nor Could the Grave Contain It Here, 
 When Christ Commands it to Appear 
 
 DEBORAH, 
 
 WIFE OF JAMES CROSS. 
 
 DIED APR. 30, 1865. 
 
 JE. 59 YRS., 7 M., 10 D. 
 
 DEAR MOTHER, 
 
 WE MISS THEE. 
 
 NICHOLAS VAN SCHAICK, 
 
 DIED 
 
 NOV. 12, 1889. 
 
 ^. 91 YRS., 16 MO., 24 D. 
 
 SELINA, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 
 DIED DEC. 26, 1893. 
 
 .^. 87 YRS., 8 M.. 29 D. 
 
 NELSON POTTER, 
 
 DIED 
 
 DECEMBER 9, 1860. 
 ^E. 53 YEARS. 
 
 P. ZAMOR BRIGGS, 
 
 DIED 
 
 JULY 1, 1871. 
 
 JE. 39 YRS., 2 MO., 26 DAYS. 
 
 C. MATILDA, 
 
 DAUGHTER OF P. ZAMOR. 
 
 AND RACHEL BRIGGS. 
 
 DIED OCT. 12, 1876. 
 
 AGED 20 YRS.. 2 MO.. 14 DAYS. 
 
 219 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 JOHX HOLMES, 
 
 DIED JUNE 9, 1S69. 
 AGED 86 YRS. 
 
 PENINNAH, 
 
 WIFE OF JOHN HOLMES, 
 
 DIED MAY 2, 1S52. 
 
 IN HER 70TH YEAR. 
 
 MICHAEL VAN SCHAICK, 
 
 DIED JUNE 30, 1857. 
 ^E. 91 YEARS. 
 
 CAROLINE, 
 
 RELICT OF 
 
 MICHAEL VAN SCHAICK 
 
 DIED JULY 3, 1873. 
 
 ^S. 104 YEARS. 
 
 CHAUNCEY SMITH, 
 
 1820-1893. 
 
 MARIA, 
 
 HIS WIFE. 
 
 1809-1895. 
 
 MARGARETT, 
 
 WIFE OF 
 JOHN BUCKLEY. 
 DIED JAN. 14, 1837. 
 ^¥1. 75 YRS., 8 MO. 
 
 OLIVER POOL, 
 
 DIED 
 
 MARCH 3, 1837. 
 JE. 25 YEARS. 
 
 JAMES BUCKLEY, 
 
 DIED MAY 12, 1876. 
 AGED 84 YRS. 
 
 TRYPHENA, 
 
 WIFE OF JAMES BUCKLEY. 
 
 DIED OCT. 13, 1877. 
 
 AGED 87 YRS. 
 
 MARTIN MORRISON, 
 
 DIED OCT. 2, 1852. 
 JE. 71 YRS., 3 MO. 
 
 WE CHERISH THY MEMORY. 
 
 JERE CARRIER, 
 
 DIED 
 
 MAR. 16, 1875. 
 
 AGED 88 YEARS, 11 MO. 
 
 ABBY POTTER. 
 
 WIFE OF J. CARRIER. 
 
 DIED APR. 2, 1877. 
 
 JE. 87 YRS., 7 MO., 18 DAYS. 
 
 H. W. BUSHNELL, 
 
 DIED 
 
 JANUARY 14, 1867. 
 
 JE. 67 YEARS. 
 
 SARAH POTTER, 
 
 WIFE OF H. W. BUSHNELL 
 OCTOBER 16, 1799. 
 JANUARY 7, 1894. 
 
 220 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 SAMUEL F. MILLS, AMMERRILLIOUS, 
 
 A SOLDIER OF THE KEVOLUTTON 
 
 DIED NOV. 5, 1S57, 
 
 JB. 98. 
 
 WIFE OF SAMUEL F. MILLS, 
 
 DIED AUG. 31, 1849. 
 
 JE. 86 YEARS. 
 
 MATHEW FOLGER, 
 
 DIED JAN. 23, 1841. 
 AGED 65 YRS., 9 M., 6 D. 
 
 F. H. FOLGER 
 
 DIED 
 SEPT. 28, 1851. 
 JE. 42 YEARS. 
 
 ALFRED B. ESTES, 
 
 TELLER OF 
 
 JEFF. CO. BANK, 
 
 DIED JAN. 28, 1866. 
 
 JE. 22 YRS., 9 M'S., 27 D'S. 
 
 ERECTED BY HIS MANY 
 
 FRIENDS IN WATERTOWN 
 
 AND CAPE VINCENT. 
 
 GEN. WILLIAM ESTES, 
 
 DIED JULY 13, ISSl, 
 AGED 78 YRS. 
 
 BETSEY, 
 
 WIFE OF GEN. WItLIAM ESTES. 
 
 DIED SEPT. 4, 1862. 
 
 JE. 51 YEARS, 11 M'S., 21 DAYS. 
 
 JAMES IRVINE, 
 
 1800-1871. 
 
 EVA 
 
 HIS WIFE. 
 1798-1855. 
 
 HENRY FOX, 
 
 DIED 
 
 OCT. 15, 1868. 
 AGED 73 YEARS. 
 
 JAMES BORLAND, 
 
 DIED JAN. 6, 1852. 
 ^E. 86 YRS. 
 
 ELIZABETH BORLAND, 
 
 DIED SEPT. 14, 1839. 
 AGED 67 Y^EARS. 
 
 JAMES T. BORLAND, 
 
 DIED MAY S. 1835. 
 JE. 42 YRS.. 6 M., 26 D. 
 
 DAVID BURNETT, 
 
 DIED APR. 7, 1875. 
 IN THE 78 YEAR OF HIS AGE. 
 
 HENRY AINSWORTH, 
 
 DIED OCT. 10, 1841. 
 ^. 56 Y'RS., 2 M., 11 DAY^S. 
 
 HELEN M. 
 
 WIFE OF HENRY AINSWORTH, 
 
 DIED MAY 6, 1847. 
 
 JE. 20 YRS., 11 M., 6 D. 
 
 HANNAH, 
 
 RELICT OF HENRY' AINSWORTH. 
 
 DIED FEBY^ 19, 1870. 
 
 yE. 71 YRS., 3 M., 10 DAYS. 
 
 221 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Inscriptions Copied in St. Vincent de Paul Church Cemetery 
 
 Cape Vincent. 
 HYACINTHE PEUGNET, 
 
 BORN JUNE 24, 1794. 
 DIED JUNE 13, 1S65. 
 
 LEOPOLD PEUGNET, 
 
 BORN DEC. 20, 1829, 
 DIED SEPT. 21, 1878. 
 
 THEOPHILUS PEUGNET, 
 
 BORN SEPTEMBER 1800. 
 DIED JANUARY 15. 1868. 
 
 Jean Louis Philippe Galbaud 
 
 DUFORT, 
 
 CHEVALIER DES ORDRES ROY- 
 ALES ET MILITAIRES DE LA 
 LEGION D'HONNEUR DE 
 SAINT LOUIS ET MAX- 
 IMILIEN. 
 
 JOSEPH DEBAVIERE, 
 
 DECEDE 
 
 LE 30 JANVIER, 1855. 
 
 A LE AGE 67 ANS. 
 
 CASIMER DECAMP, 
 
 BORN MARCH 4. 1806. 
 DIED" JUNE 12. 1880. 
 
 JOSEPHINE, 
 
 WIPE OP 
 
 ADOLPHUS ISELIN 
 
 BORN IN PRANCE, 
 
 MAY 15, 1815. DIED OCT. 28. 1877. 
 
 EMELINE JOSEPH, 
 
 WIPE OP HYACINTHE PEUGNET, 
 
 BORN MARCH 24, 1804. 
 
 DIED DEC. 24, 1878. 
 
 CHARLES PEUGNET, 
 
 BORN SEPT. 21, 1832. 
 DIED OCT. 9, 1868. 
 
 JEAN L. BERTHOLLE, 
 
 DECEDE 
 
 DEC. 22, 1856. 
 
 AGE DE 53 ANS. 
 
 Emerakce DE Lisle Dudrexeuf, 
 
 EPOUSE DE 
 
 JEAN LOUIS PHILIPPE DUFORT, 
 
 DECEDE 
 
 LE 2S SEPTEMBRE 1878. 
 
 A L'AGE DE 85 ANS. 
 
 FREDERICK CONSTANCE, 
 
 DIED OCT. 27, 189L ^. 54 YRS. 
 
 MARY, HIS WIFE, DIED 
 
 MARCH IS, 1890. JE. 49 YRS. 
 
 ELIZABETH DECAMP, 
 
 BORN NOV. 14, 1817. 
 DIED MARCH 12, 1894. 
 
 MARIE THERESE CHAUVELOT. 
 
 BORN IN PRANCE, 
 
 JULY 21, 1820, 
 
 DIED IN CAPE VINCENT. 
 
 JUNE 2, 1900. 
 
 ANNETTE DUMASTIER, 
 
 HENRY CREVOLIN, 
 
 DECEDE LE 15 MARS.. 1853. FEMME DE HENRI CREVOLIN, 
 
 AGE DE 63 ANS. DECEDE LE 21 AVRIL, 1868. 
 
 NE A SAIGNON. AGE DE 68 ANS. 
 
 DEPART DE VAUCLUSE. FRANCE. NEE A CHALONS SUR SAVNE. 
 
 DEPT. DE SAVNE ET LOIRE, 
 PRANCE. 
 
 222 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 St. Vincent de Paul Church Cemetery, Rosiere. 
 SIMON GAUGIEN, ANNE B. THIERAT. 
 
 NE A ROSIERES 
 
 SUR-MANGE, FRANCE, 
 
 DECEDEE LE 5 JANVIER, 1865. 
 
 AGE DE 70 ANS ET 30 JOURS. 
 
 FEMME DE 
 
 SIMON GAUGIEN, 
 
 DECEDE LE 13 SEPT. 1878, 
 
 AGE DE 87 ANS. 
 
 ANTOINE GAUGIEN, SENOR, 
 
 DIED AUG. 22, 1898. 
 JS. 78 TRS. 
 
 ELIZABETH, 
 
 WIFE OF ANTOINE GAUGIEN. 
 
 DIED JAN. 17, 1894. 
 
 ^E. Gb YRS., 3 M., 28 D. 
 
 FATHER, 
 CHARLES A. GAUGIEN, 
 
 1818-1898. 
 
 MOTHER, 
 GENEVEVE HIS WIFE, 
 
 1828-1901. 
 
 ELOY BOURCY, 
 
 DIED JAN. 16, 1903. 
 ^E. 88 YRS. 
 
 MARY ANN ABSOLON, 
 
 WIFE OF ELOY BOURCY, 
 
 DIED APRIL 2, 1887, 
 
 JE. 67 YRS., 2 M., 20 D. 
 
 MICHAEL REFF, 
 
 DIED JULY 2G, 1889. 
 iB. 65 YRS. 
 
 CATHERINE, 
 
 WIFE OF MICHAEL REFF. 
 DIED JAN. 30, 1894. 
 ^. 65 YRS., 5 MO. 
 
 MARSHALL PERNEY, 
 
 1823-1901. 
 
 AURILLA ROBAIL, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 1825-1883. 
 
 FRANCIS MERCHANT, 
 
 BORN SEPT. 15, 1800. 
 DIED NOV. 3. 1889. 
 
 MARGARET ABSOLOM, 
 
 WIFE OF FRANCOUS MARCH AND 
 
 BORN IN FRANCE. 
 
 JULY 3, 1818. 
 
 DOCTUER, 
 
 MARTIN, 
 1830-1905. 
 
 JULIA LOUISE, 
 
 HIS WIFE. 
 
 1828-1903. 
 
 VICTOR GILBERT, 
 
 1818-1902. 
 
 JULIA, 
 
 HIS WIPE. 
 
 1821-1898. 
 
 223 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 GEORGE WEYMAN, 
 
 DEC. 9, 1S18-JUNE 12, 1899. 
 
 MARY, 
 
 HIS WIPE, 
 NOV. 11, 1821-NOV. 19, 1900. 
 
 JOSEPH PEO, 
 
 DIED MAY 17, 1863, 
 ^. 62 YEAKS. 
 
 MARY, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 
 DIED AUG. 21, 1889, 
 
 JE. 94 YRS., 9 M. 
 
 PAUL SOVEY, 
 
 1824-1900. 
 
 CATHERINE, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 1834- 
 
 ARCHIE S. 
 
 1896-1905. 
 
 NICHOLAS LAWRENCE, 
 
 1823-1895. 
 
 AUGUSTUS MUSSOT, 
 
 1823-1903. 
 
 THERESA, 
 
 HIS WIPE, 
 
 ANTOINE GOSIER, 
 
 1851- 
 
 ROSENA M. 
 
 HIS WIFE, 1853- 
 
 JOHN P. BOURCEY, 
 
 JUNE 14, 1854. 
 MAY IS, 1905. 
 
 FELIX SOLAR, 
 
 DIED FEB. 19, 1871. 
 ^. 71 YRS., 1 M.. 4 DS. 
 
 VALENTIN A, 
 
 WIFE OF FELIX SOLAR. 
 
 DIED JUNE 3, 1888. 
 
 JE. 88 YRS., 3 M., 20 D. 
 
 \UGUSTUS AUBERTEN, 
 
 DIED SEPT 16, 1890. 
 JE. 69 YRS., 7 M., 7D. 
 
 MARY MARTHE, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 
 DIED JULY 15, 1872. 
 
 AGE 54 YRS., 7 M., 25 D. 
 
 224 
 
Cape X'incent and its History 
 
 Inscriptions Copied in the Judd Farm Cemetery. 
 ELXATHAN .IT 1)1), 
 
 DIED MAY 15, 1850. 
 JB. 82 YRS. 
 
 mi. I) \H, 
 
 WTFK OF ELNATHAN JUDD. 
 
 DIED JAN. 21, 1849, 
 
 JE. 80 YRS. 
 
 PHILETUS JUDD, 
 
 DIED DEC. 10, ISSl, 
 JE. 76 YRS.. 2 M.. 12 DAYS. 
 
 LOriSA K, 
 
 WIFE OF PHILETUS JUDD, 
 Ai. 77 YEARS. 10 M., Ifi D. 
 
 H AXXAH, 
 
 WIFE OF MATHEW MORRISON, 
 
 DIED APRIL 30, 1841, 
 
 ^E. 31 YEARS. 
 
 ELISHA r. DUDGK, 
 
 DIED FEBY. 12, 1864. 
 JE. 63 YRS.. 9 M.. 2 DS. 
 
 WM. A. HOLLENBECK, 
 
 DIED FEB. 6, 1871. 
 JE. 87 YRS. 
 
 CHARITY VAX HOSEX. 
 
 RELICT OF WM. A. HOLLENBECK 
 
 DIED FEB. 10, 1875. 
 
 ^E. 90 YEARS. 
 
 Inscriptions Copied in Riverside Cemetery. 
 
 A stock company was formed under the title of the River- 
 side Cemetery Association, on the 13th of Septeml)er, 1875, 
 with the following' trustees. William Esselstyn, Francis A. 
 Cross, Willard Ainsworth, Norman Ross, (lillxrt Rohhins, 
 and Levi Anthonv. 
 
 JOHX B. ESSEESTVX, 
 
 DIED DEC. 19, 1857. 
 JE. 83 YRS., 5 MO. 
 
 CLARISSA, 
 
 WIFE OF JOHN B. ESSELSTYN, 
 DIED JULY 14, 1865. 
 JE. 84 YRS., 9 MO. 
 
 WILLIAM ESSELSTYX, 
 
 DIED JAN. 3, 1880. 
 AGED 7 YRS. 
 
 MARIA, 
 
 WIFE OF WILLIAM ESSELSTYN, 
 
 DIED JAN. 9. 1896. 
 
 JE. 86 YEARS. 
 
 225 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 HYLAND 31ILLEN, 
 
 DIED NOV. 6, 1S77. 
 A&'ED S6 YRS., 7 MO. 
 
 AKIS, HIS WIFi:, 
 
 DIED JULY 13, 1S96. 
 ^E. 84 YRS., 8 M., 21 D. 
 
 CHARLES C. COOK, 
 
 1855- 
 
 OLA H. AIXSWORTH, 
 
 1859-1901. 
 
 ROBERT G. COOK, 
 
 1820-1860. 
 
 HARRIET A. SAUNDERS, 
 
 1842-1905. 
 
 JOHN A. VINCENT, 
 
 BORN 1802. 
 DIED 1870. 
 
 CLARISSA, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 BORN 1812. DIED 1896. 
 
 MARIA J. WICKHAM, 
 
 WIFE OF J. ALBERT SCOBELL, 
 
 1844- 1905. 
 
 ROBERT IRVINE, 
 
 BORN AUG. 27, 1829. 
 
 ARIS MILLEN, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 BORN NOV. 12, 1837. 
 DIED APR. 26. 1898. 
 
 GEORGE W. WARREN, 
 JULY 27, 1830- JUNE 22, 1901. 
 
 MARY A. FORSYTH, 
 
 HIS WIFE. 
 
 JUNE 24, 1S34-FEB. 27. 1903. 
 
 WILLIAM B. BUCKLEY 
 
 DIED MARCH 21, 1899. 
 AGED 74 YEARS. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER CLARK, 
 
 1844- 
 
 HELEN A. HIS M'IFK, 
 
 18.51-1898. 
 
 CAPTAIN C. HINKLEY, 
 
 BORN 1809-DIED 1899. 
 
 ISABELLA, HIS WIFE, 
 
 BORN 1815-DIED 1891. 
 
 NELLIE, 
 
 WIFE OF PRESTON HOLLENBECK 
 
 DIED NOV. 8, 1891. 
 
 JE. 29 YRS., 2 M.. 6 D. 
 
 226 
 
NETTIE MAY PEO, 
 
 WIFE OF JNO. R. KTLBORN. 
 BORN AUG. 11, 1868. 
 DIED JUNE 4, 1891. 
 
 Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 FANNIE S. 
 
 DAUGHTER OF 
 
 HENRY AND MATILDA PEO. 
 
 DIED JUNE 16, 1897. 
 
 AGED 18 YRS., 3 M., 12 DS. 
 
 CALVIN BURNHAM, 
 
 DIED DEC. 31, 1873. 
 JE. (J5 YRS., 5 M., 17 D. 
 
 OREDA, 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 BORN APRIL 12, 1810. 
 DIED JULY 15, 1898. 
 
 SLAION HOWARD, 
 
 BORN JAN. 7, 1801. 
 DIED DEC. 10, 1879. 
 
 HANNAH P. 
 
 HIS WIPE, 
 BORN DEC. 7, ISOl. 
 DIP:D May 5, 1886. 
 
 C.VPT. A. H. MILLEN. 
 
 1845-1903. 
 
 MARY E. HIS WIFE 
 
 1S48-1904. 
 
 EDGAR J. VINCENT, 
 
 1846- 
 
 ROSELLA M. HIS WIFE 
 
 1849-1905. 
 
 REMY DEZENGR EAH^:i>, 
 
 Cecile Mei.axie Del.aPlace, 
 
 BORN AT BLANC FOSSE VISE, WIFE OF REMY DEZENGREMEL. 
 FRANCE. BORN AT SAUNVIS SEINE & OISE 
 
 JULY 24, 1816. DIED OCT. 19, 1888. FRANCE. 
 
 MARCH 9. 1820. DIED OCT. 5, 1883. 
 
 JOHN BUCKLEY, 
 
 1822-1896. 
 
 FRANCES 
 
 CADWl'JJ- 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 
 lS.30-1878. 
 
 ROBERT LAIRD, 
 
 1832-1903. 
 
 MARY A. BAKER, 
 
 .xIS WIFE, 
 1S40- 
 
 S. BLOCK, 
 
 DIED 
 
 SEPT. 29, 1898. 
 
 JE. 81 YRS.. 1 M.. 15 D 
 
 LICY BLOCK, 
 
 WIFE OF S. BLOCK, 
 
 DIED MAY 8, 1870. 
 
 JE. 43 YRS.. 2 M.. 25 D. 
 
 22- 
 
Cape V'incent and its History 
 
 URIEL M. BURNETT, 
 
 DIED MAR. 25, 1904. 
 .^. 82 YRS., 5 M. 
 
 ALMIRA, 
 
 WIFE oF U. M. BURNETT. 
 
 DIED MAR. 2. 1894. 
 
 ^1. 67 YRS. 
 
 JULIA B. 
 
 WIFE OF JAS. L. DUNNING. 
 
 1840-1903. 
 
 WM. R. SHELEY, 
 
 1863-1899. 
 
 The Union Burial Ground Society, of Warren Settlement, 
 was formed on the 18tli of June, 18-t3. The trustees were 
 Levi Torry, Daniel Cornwall, Erastus Warren, Samuel Lin- 
 ncll, Jr., J. A. Williams, Abram Whitcomb, and Dr. Dyer E. 
 Pierce. Shepard, James, and Asa Warren settled in this 
 vicinity about 1825 : On the monument of Shepard Warren, 
 the followino- is inscribed: 
 
 SHEPARD WARREN, 
 
 A NATIVE OF N. H. AND THE 
 FIRST PRESIDENT OF WAR- 
 REN SETTLEMENT. DIED 
 SEPT. 13, ISSl. 
 JE. 80 YRS.. 4 MO. 
 
 LUCY, CONSORT OF 
 
 SHEPARD WARREN, 
 
 DEPARTED THIS LIFE 
 
 JULY 9, 1840. 
 
 JB. 34 YRS. AND 6 M. 
 
 DYER ENSWORTH PIERCE, MARY JANE ACKERT PIERCE. 
 
 BORN FEB. 15, 1816. 
 DIED SEPT. IS, 1888. 
 
 BORN OCT. 18, 1820. 
 DIED JULY 10, 1903. 
 
 BENJ. PIERCE, 
 
 BORN SEPT. 18, 1790. 
 DIED SEPT. 22. 1S75. 
 
 El.OUKXZA EXSWOKTII PlERCE, 
 
 BORN DEC. 28, 1793, 
 DIED APRIL 7, 1867. 
 
 ABRAM ACKERT, 
 
 BORN AUG. 25, 1783. 
 DIED MAR. 26, 1868. 
 
 ABIGAIL GRIFFIN ACKERT, 
 
 BORN- MARCH 24, 1795. 
 DIED JAN. 5, 1808. 
 
 CYRUS ACKERT, 
 
 BORN MARCH 22, 1818. 
 DIED MAY 1, 1878. 
 
 228 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 KDWIX 'I'L'lTLi;, Amanda, Win: oi Kmvis Tujrr.E, 
 
 DIED OfT. 10, 1852. 
 JE. 51 YRS., 11 MO. 
 
 niKD DEC. 8, 1870. 
 AGED GS YRS. 
 
 SUSAN ESELIX, 
 
 MOTHER OF JOHN F. ESELIN, 
 DIED DEC. 15. 1860. AGED 86 YRS. 
 
 JOHN F. KSKLIX, 
 
 DIJOD FEB. 16, 1879. 
 AGED 78 YRS. 
 
 EIJZA15Krn KSKIJX, 
 
 DIED AUG. 1.3. 1894. 
 A<2. 84 YRS., 10 MO. 
 
 THOMAS SHAW, 
 
 DIED SEPT. 28, 1861. 
 JE. 86 YRS.. 3 M., 10 D. 
 
 .\DV, 
 
 WIFE OF THOMAS SHAW, 
 
 DIED DEC. 23, 1858. 
 
 ^E. 77 YRS.. 8 M.. 15 D. 
 
 DAVID SHAW. 
 
 DIED APRIL 5, 1880. 
 ^E. 64 YRS. 
 
 MERCY, 
 
 WIFE OF DAVID SHAW, 
 
 DIED AUG. 24, 1858. 
 
 ^. 35 Y.. 11 MO. 
 
 MARY F. 
 
 WIFE OF REMY DEZENGREMEL. 
 
 DIED FEB. 14, 1851. 
 
 y'E. 61 YRS. 
 
 A NATIVE OF FRANCE. 
 
 FRANCIS DEZENGREMEL, 
 
 BORN AUG'. 30, 1819. 
 DIED JULY 26. 1898. 
 
 MAKii'. s]-:ri;phixi- 
 
 HIS WIFE, 
 DIED SEPT. 26. 1888. 
 Ai. 65 Y., <i M.. It D. 
 
 SAMUEL (;.\RDXKR, 
 
 DIED DEC. 3, 1857. 
 JE. 67 YRS., 9 M.. 22 D. 
 
 MERCY, 
 
 WIFE OF SAMUEL GARDNER. 
 
 DIED OCT. 6, 1837. IN THE 45 YEAR 
 
 OF HER AGE. 
 
 HARRIET. 
 
 WIFE OF SAMUEL GARDNER, 
 DIED DEC. 16, 1867. AGED 73 YRS. 
 
 229 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 ELI AS F. POWELL, 
 
 AUG. 30, 1807. 
 AUG. 27, 1891. 
 
 MARY A. 
 
 HIS WIFE. 
 AUG. 3, 1810. AUG. 4, 1896. 
 
 MILTON POWELL, 
 
 SEPT. 6, 1852. 
 JAN. 25, 1896. 
 
 JASON O. POWELL, 
 
 1S34-1SS3. 
 
 ANN, HIS WIFE, 
 
 1837-1903. 
 
 HENRY COOK, 
 
 BORN DiiiC. 14, 1813. 
 DIED DEC. 23, 1897. 
 
 MARGARET, 
 
 BORN OCT. 14, 1811. 
 DIED JAN. 12, 1899. 
 
 CHARLES B. CAREY, 
 
 VETERAN lOTH N. Y. H. AR'l', 
 VOLS. 1834- 
 
 LYDIA, HIS WIFE, 
 
 1837-1903. 
 
 JAMES KNIGHT, 
 
 BORN AUG. 26, 1819. 
 DxED OCT. 30, 1902. 
 
 NANCY T, HIS WIFE, 
 
 BORN MAY 15, 1826. 
 
 JOHN GARNSEY, 
 
 BORN NOV. 8, 1786. 
 DIED SEPT. 17, 1871. 
 
 SARAH, WIFE OF, 
 
 JOHN GARNSEY, 
 
 DIED MAR. 5, 1878. 
 
 AGED 95 YRS. 
 
 W^ S. BEDLE, 
 
 DIED DEC. 17, 1870. 
 JE. 46 YRS.. 4 DAYS. 
 
 JOSEPH SCHELL, 
 
 DIED MARCH 25. 1890. 
 
 ^. 77 YRS. 
 
 HANNAH, HIS WIFE, 
 
 DIED FEB. 28. 1903. 
 
 ^1. 89 YRS. 
 
 A BR AM PHILLIPS, 
 
 1823-1903. 
 
 BRAZILLIAN PHILLIPS, 
 
 DIED FEB. 9, 
 JE. 82 Y., 10 MO. 
 
 1892. 
 9 DS. 
 
 JULIA, HIS WIFE, 
 
 DIED APR. 18, 1897. 
 ^. 76 YRS.. 7 MO., 13 DAYS. 
 
 230 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 SENECA IXGERSOX, 
 
 DIED FEBY 10, 1893. 
 M. 87 YRS., 4 M., 10 DAYS. 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 JL'LIAXXA, 
 
 WIKK OF SENEOA INGERSON. 
 DIED AUG. 22, 1882. 
 JE. 75 YR.. 4 M.. 12 D. 
 
 WILLIAM STOEL, 
 
 DIED AUG. 10, 1881. 
 JE. S3 YRS.. 6 M.. 10 DAYS. 
 
 .\\.\ A. 
 
 WIFE OF WILLIAM STOEL, 
 
 DIED OCT. 6, 1S74, 
 
 JE. 74 YRS., 2 MO.. 2 DAYS. 
 
 SYLVESTER HALLIDAY, 
 
 DIED DEC. 3, 1876. 
 AGED 78 YRS., 8 MO. 
 
 ZOBHAX.\. 
 
 WIFE OF SYLVESTER HALLIDAY 
 
 DIED OCT. -I, 1882. 
 
 JE. 74 YEARS, 6 MO. 
 
 JOHX EDMOXDS, 
 
 DIED JULY 8. 1892. 
 AGED $5 IRS.. S M.. 11 D 
 
 ALMIRA, WIFE OF 
 
 JOHN EDMONDS. 
 
 DIED 
 
 NOV. IS, 187G, AGED fi9 YRS.. 9 M., 
 
 7 D. 
 
 MAURICE G. EMER^', 
 
 1S60- 
 
 ADALIXF. HLS WIFE, 
 
 1S59- 
 
 CI-AREXCE W. THEIR SOX, 
 
 1S8S1-1905. 
 
 SEELEY, 
 
 ADDISOX H. 
 
 ISSti- 
 MARIOX EMERY, HIS W H-^E, 
 
 1859- 
 
 .M ARTOX A. THEIR DAUGHTER, 
 
 1901-1904. 
 
 Sand Bay Cemetery. 
 
 The land for tlii.s cemetery was the o-ift of John 13. Es.sel- 
 styn. 
 
 SAMUEL BRITTON, 
 
 DIED 1835. 
 AGED 74 YEARS. 
 
 MIXDWELL, 
 
 HIS WliE, 
 
 DIED 1S34. 
 
 AGED 69 YEARS. 
 
 NATHAXIEL CARVER, 
 
 DIED DEC. 17, 1849. 
 A<;ED 62 YEARS. 4 MO.. 6 D.A.YS 
 
 231 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 A List of the Works Consulted or Referred to in 
 Preparing this Volume. 
 
 Beauchaaii', William M. — Aboriginnl occiipntion of New 
 York. 
 Indian Names in New York. 
 Caniff, William — Settlement of Upper Canada. 
 
 Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier ue — History of 
 New France. Yols. 1-5. 
 
 Dawson, Samuel Edward — The Saint Lawrence. 
 
 Desclozeaux, Mosmer — Indiscretions. 1778-1830. Sou- 
 vcirs, Anecdotiques, etc., Politiqucs tires du porte- 
 feuille d'un Fonctiormairc dc VKiupirc, Comte Pierre 
 Francois Real. 
 
 Dix, Edwin Asa — Samuel l)e Champlain, the Founder 
 of New France. 
 
 French, John Hei^stis — Gazetteer of New York. 
 GuizoT, Francois Pierre Guillaume — History of 
 
 France. Vols. 6—7. 
 Haldimaxd. Frkderick, Sir — Haldiiuand Collection, 
 
 Canadian Archives. 
 
 Halsey, Francis Whiting — lite Old New York Fron- 
 tier. 
 
 Historical Magazine of 1861, \ Ol. 5 — Boston and 
 IMorrisanna, New York. 
 
 Hopkins, John Castell — The Story of the Dominion. 
 
 HoT'(;n. Franklin Benja:\iin — History of Jefferson 
 ( 'ounty. 
 
 The Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence. 
 LossiNG, Benson John — The Empire State. 
 
 The l^ictorial Field Book. War 181^2. 
 
 ■232 
 
Cape Vincent and its History 
 
 Lucas, Fu kdkkic William — Appc-ndicuL-i' Ilistorica'. 
 Shreds of History Hun^ on a Horn. 
 
 Massfa-, Solon — A Link in tlic Cluun. 
 
 O'Callaghax, E. B., arrang-ed by — Documentary His- 
 tory of New York. Vols. 1-4-. 
 
 Parkham, Francis, Jr. — .Alontcalm and Wolfe. Vols. 1-2. 
 
 Pratt, Elizijr H. — An Historical Sketch of the Town 
 of Cape ^'incent. 
 
 Prixgle, James F. — Lunenburo-h, or the Ohl Eastern Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Smith, John Talbot, Rev. — History of the Diocese of 
 Ogdensburg. 
 
 Spofford, Horatio G. — History of New York. 
 Stoxe, William Leete — Life of Joseph Brant. \'ols. 
 1-2 
 
 Sylvester, Nathaniel Bartlett — A Historical Sketch 
 of Northern New York and the Adirondack Wikl- 
 erness. 
 
 Thwaites, Reubex Gold — The Colonies, 1492-1750. 
 WiLKixsox, James, General — INIenioirs of my own Times. 
 Vols. 1-2. 
 
 WixsoR, JrsTix — Cartier to Frontcnac. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 i* 
 
 Aljouville, A'iscointe d' 
 
 Agricultural Society 
 
 Ainsworth, Major Geii. F. C. 
 
 letter of 
 
 Dr. Avery 151, 153, 
 
 Henrv 152, 155, 161, 
 
 I^abaii H 154.. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 S. Kelsev 
 
 Willard " 
 
 Mrs. J. Bruce 
 
 Judah T VM\ 
 
 Allen, Kthan 
 
 Capt. James F 
 
 Miss Alice 
 
 liobert 13(i, 
 
 H. Koy 
 
 Amherst, Gen'l Jeffrey. 
 
 ex])edition of 
 
 Am. Fxpress Co 
 
 Ancrum, Capt. Wm. 
 
 succeeds Major Ross 
 
 Andrea, George C 
 
 Anthony, Fevi 
 
 Armstrong, Gen'l John 
 
 at Cape Vincent 
 
 Arnaud, Camille 155, 
 
 Aiihertine, Huger 
 
 Aubrey. Marcel 
 
 Bakery 1 
 
 Bank of Ca])e Vincent 1 
 
 Barnes, Rev. S. 1 
 
 Bartlett, Robert C 1 
 
 (ieorge F , 1 
 
 Robert 1 
 
 Barber Shojis 1 
 
 Bai'bien, (^lamle 1 
 
 Barracks, Tlie 1 
 
 Barthelemy, Pierre 1 
 
 Barre, de la, I,e Febre 
 
 Basin Hai-bor 1 
 
 142 Bates, Joseph II 15t 
 
 194 C. H l.'?7 
 
 Baxter, John S5, 151 
 
 i:}() Bay Street 151 
 
 155 Beauregard, Gen. Pierre Gust.ne 
 
 170 Toutaut, 177 
 
 155 Beautiful Fake V.i 
 
 155 Beadle, Quincv 151 
 
 165 Bell Telephone Co 164 
 
 155 Belden, J. C 17» 
 
 204 Berringei', Jacol) 154 
 
 155 Belton, David 11 (I 
 
 86 Billerv, Jean 143 
 
 162 Black' River IJ 
 
 156 Blacksmiths 165 
 
 178 Boarding Hotises Uiff 
 
 |f)7 lioat Buildina- 165- 
 
 Bolton, Col.' 28- 
 
 20 George 126 
 
 l(i5 l?ona]iarte, .Toseph 207 
 
 l^orland, .Funes 155 
 
 li;? Capt. James T 151, 1 7S 
 
 13S Dwight 126 
 
 155 Booth and Co Ki:? 
 
 Bowe, A. H 15,5. 
 
 128 Bradstreet, Gen'l John 20 
 
 202 Bradv, John 162 
 
 143 James A 162- 
 
 143 Thos FVr 
 
 J 1 4(i 
 
 64 Brant, Joseph j6. 8\ 85 
 
 64 Mollie ()7, 74. 77 
 
 72 Branche, Jean 143 
 
 54 Simeon 1 Uf 
 
 54 Braun, Dr. INIartiii 116 
 
 :'i.'> Breakwater 178 
 
 ()5 Breslin, John 161 
 
 A'.i Briggs, David 15,5- 
 
 37 Britton, Samuel 151, 152. 1.58 
 
 43 Futher 154 
 
 16 Brown, Rev. Charles H 170 
 
 27 Hon. b'Jon R 137 
 
 2.S4 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Brower, I. V 1 i? 
 
 liniiiot, I'icrrc I 1:5 
 
 BiviiiiuM-, Doiijrljis 2\ 
 
 Ruck Islniul. . i>4., -28, 30, 33 
 
 (■oni]).irc(l with C;il;ir;u]ur . . 35 
 
 Huchan.in. I)i-. II. M KiO 
 
 Biicklcv, .l.imcs I,>.i, 170 
 
 Saimiel, 157 
 
 Willi.im H ^Go 
 
 Hurnli.iiii, I',. K l.),5 
 
 Butler's I'ord 103 
 
 Col. John 28, 38 
 
 ('a])t. Walter 5(5 
 
 (icalh of 103, 103 
 
 I>\ incs, 1(('\-. John F 14-5 
 
 Willi.iMi .S 1(),5 
 
 Canada Creek 10.' 
 
 Canaseraga Creek 95, 96 
 
 Provisions left at 97, 105 
 
 Cape Vineeiit 11, 15 
 
 House, Kil 
 
 Named, 151 
 
 Seed Co 1()3 
 
 To^\•n officers 1 54 
 
 Village officers 155 
 
 Carey, C. B Kifi 
 
 Carieton Hotel 158, 1(i7 
 
 Carleton Island 1 .>. ?1, .'7. 135, 158 
 
 An attack on 4-0 
 
 A])ple trees planted 10 
 
 Articles found 125 
 
 Barracks hnrned 105 
 
 Court Martial ordered 48 
 
 Covirt of Inquiry 87 
 
 Hi.s Majesty's birthday.... 48 
 
 "King's Garden" 45 
 
 Memorial of officer-; 45 
 
 Military Class-Hiolit located. 
 
 ' '. 125 
 
 Scalps paid for 115 
 
 Stores and guns renio\c(i... IKi 
 
 Carleton N'illa 126 
 
 Carries, Win. D 1G2 
 
 Carrier, Jere 155, 161 
 
 Cartier, Jacques 13 
 
 Casler, Rev. Harvev 109 
 
 Cataracjue 17, 19, 2S. 31, 39 
 
 Seigneury of 15 
 
 and Buck Island conii)ared. 35 
 
 Meaning of 15 
 
 Centennial committee 202 
 
 Chambers, Robert W 103 
 
 Cham])lain, de, Sanniel 12 
 
 Chapron, Francois 143 
 
 Charbaneau, Paul 155, 202 
 
 Chaumont Bay 12. 11 
 
 Ciiautean de Ill 
 
 Chaumonot, Father 14 
 
 Chavoustie, Mrs. Henrv 113 
 
 Chevreuil, He aux .18, 19, 24, 34 
 
 Churchill, John C 178 
 
 Clark, Gen. J. S 12 
 
 Col. John 97 
 
 Lynn H 15(i 
 
 Christo])her, 165 
 
 Claus, Col. Daniel 29 
 
 Clev<'land Seed Co 163 
 
 Clothing .Stores 164 
 
 Cocaigne, Nicholas 14 
 
 Cole, George 1 62 
 
 Continental Arnn^ to irnade 
 
 Canada, . . ." S5, 108 
 
 Cornaire, Nicholas 143 
 
 Simon, 
 
 Marcel S 155 
 
 J. W 155 
 
 Converse, Zebulon 155 
 
 Cornwallis, Cwu. Charles. ... I 11. 112 
 
 Countersigns, 147 
 
 Coxe, Mi.ss Grace 141 
 
 Cranberry Creek 1,33 
 
 Craig, Sir James 121 
 
 Crawe, James M 151, 157 
 
 Crawford, Lieut 78 
 
 Raid in Mohawk \'alley... 88 
 
 Creek, French 131- 
 
 Cross, Joseph 127, 155 
 
 Crown Point 92 
 
 Cuj) and Saucer House 202, 211 
 
 Society 209 
 
 Members, 212 
 
 Dablon, Father 14 
 
 Danton, Geo. Jacques 203 
 
 Day, Capt. John 181 
 
 Dean. Herbert D 178 
 
 23."i 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Decazes, Kli, Duke- -'01 
 
 Deer Island If), H, x?S, -29 
 
 Advantages! of 3() 
 
 Name changed 37. 3S 
 
 Denonville, Jacques Rene de 
 
 Brcsay Ki 
 
 Dentists, 1().5 
 
 Dewey, Wni IGl 
 
 Dezengreniel, Louis 
 
 Frank, 155 
 
 Dodge, Elisha P 1(59 
 
 Donaldson, George 151. KiO 
 
 Dongan, Gov Ki 
 
 Dorris, James 1<>- 
 
 Doughty, Dr. A. G., Dominion 
 
 Archivist, Jl 
 
 Draymen, Kifi 
 
 Dressmakers, Kifi 
 
 Drugs Stores 104 
 
 Dry Goods Stores 1()5 
 
 Dunlav, Louis 14() 
 
 W. J 
 
 Dunning, James L 154 
 
 Duvillard, Antoine ITS 
 
 P^agle, The Cajie Vincent 197 
 
 Eden, or hirth])lace of Trociuois. IJ 
 
 Electric Light System ](j(i 
 
 Ernst, liew CJeo \'i2 
 
 Esselstvn. John B 150, 152, 158 
 
 Richard M 150, 151, 158 
 
 Death of 154 
 
 Estes, William 154 
 
 James B 157. 158 
 
 Evans, Musgroove 153 
 
 Ferry Street, (now .Market) 158 
 
 Fish, Eiirman 137 
 
 Fisheries, L. S. Bureau of.. 178, 179 
 
 Fitzgerald, (Jen. Loui^ 1.38 
 
 John D 1-^7 
 
 Michael, 1:37 
 
 Daniel 154 
 
 Edward 197 
 
 Fletcher, Calvin 1,54, 155, 193 
 
 Flower, Roswell B 193 
 
 Folger, James L 154, 155 
 
 Frederick A 154 
 
 Steamboats, lCy-2 
 
 Forsyth, Samuel 155 
 
 John, 
 
 Fort Edward 86 
 
 Fort Frontenac 15, Ki, 18, 30 
 
 Surrender of 30 
 
 I'ort Haldimand, 
 
 l)escri])tion of 134 
 
 Name suggested 34 
 
 M^rk discontinued 114 
 
 Work proceeding 38 
 
 Fort Herkimer 8(i, 88 
 
 Fort Hunter 9() 
 
 P'ort Johnson 52 
 
 Fort Plain 9() 
 
 Fort Stanwix 86 
 
 Scouting party to 38 
 
 Prisoner from 63, 75, 84 
 
 Fort, Mrs. E 177 
 
 Fouche, Josejih, Duke of Otran- 
 
 to 304 
 
 Fowler, Miss Ida F 156 
 
 Fox, Alfred 
 
 Lsland, 34, 136, 131, 134 
 
 Eraser, Capt. Alex 73 
 
 .Mrs. B 308 
 
 P'rontenac, de Louis de Bande, 
 
 Count, 14, 15, 16, 17, IS 
 
 Fuller, Buel 157 
 
 W. D 154 
 
 Fusion, John 134 
 
 (JallinaeVs ?jxpedition 14 
 
 Gardner, Chas. 1 156 
 
 Garrison, Orders 47 
 
 Ciaugien. Charles 144 
 
 German Flats 13. 86. 103 
 
 Path from 97 
 
 Cicoroe, Daniel 1 73 
 
 CJeneral Stores 161 
 
 Getman, Dr. .\. A 11 
 
 Glennie, Lieut 30 
 
 Gohier, Louis Jerome 303 
 
 Gosier, Antoine E 146, 154 
 
 Edward A 146 
 
 Gouvello, de Amadee Marquis. 142 
 
 Coionel, 140 
 
 Gove, Francis, Lt. Gov 133 
 
 Go\'ernment Point 4(», 73, 136 
 
 Stockade 105 
 
 2.S6 
 
INULX. 
 
 Granger, .loliii P 
 
 Grange, Cape Vincent 
 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 Grant, George 
 
 Wm. J.. VM, 
 
 Grap))otte, JoIiti B 11.), 
 
 Jolm II 
 
 Gravelly Point IIJI, 
 
 letter addressed to 
 
 Great Camp 
 
 Gregor, Joseph C 
 
 Grenadier Island 19, ;-^0, 12(), 
 
 IJttle, 2i, 
 
 Description of 
 
 Grocery Stores 
 
 Groiicliy, de Emmanuel, .Mar- 
 quis 
 
 Guilland, Wm 
 
 Halcey, Abraham 
 
 Halcyon Point 
 
 Interior view of 
 
 Haldimand, Gen. Sir Frederick. 
 
 Reinforces garrison 
 
 Halstead, Richard H 
 
 Hallidav, R. I 
 
 \Vn"i 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander, letter of. 
 
 Hardware Stores 
 
 Harness Sho])s 
 
 Harris, James 
 
 Hassler, Ferdinand 
 
 Farm, 
 
 Hennepin, Louis 
 
 Higgins, Gov. Frank W 
 
 At Cape Vincent 
 
 Hollenheck, Wm 
 
 Home, Alexander 
 
 Wm. C 
 
 Horr, Cai)t. Wm 
 
 Hotels burned 
 
 Hough, Franklin B 
 
 House, Henry A 
 
 Howard, Simon 
 
 Howarth, Wm 
 
 Howland, Jonathan 
 
 Hubbard, Capt. Abner 131., 
 
 Xoadiah, 
 
 Hudson, Capt. W. C 
 
 Himi]ihrey, Ilarrison 
 
 "lliinlfr\ Lodges," 17 1- 
 
 -'01 
 
 K;;) Indian X'illages II 
 
 ISl Living on Carleton Island.. 114. 
 
 l,j() IiiNurance Agents KM. 
 
 1,-,,-, Irondeiiuoit Bay ,5.> 
 
 Kil. Irocpiois Indians \2 
 
 1,51 Irviii, James 1.58 
 
 IHI Christo])her, Kif) 
 
 .Z\ Jacquet, Xicolas M'3- 
 
 .;^"j Jackson, B. H \26 
 
 j",jj Jerome, Charles .\ Kil 
 
 ^,j4^ Hotel 
 
 iJ.'j Jewelry .Ston- I(j5 
 
 Johnson, Sir William 20 
 
 1 , , Sir .lolin 2H. 7.> 
 
 ^yZ Assists Loyalists to Canada.... 71 
 
 Hxpedition of jl 
 
 84 Hall, .51 
 
 \27 William M l,i,> 
 
 19.5 Johnstown, 97 
 
 ■27 Judd, Flnathan 1,51 
 
 103 Masonic Ai)ron 189, 213 
 
 138 Philetus, 192 
 
 T^> I- 1 
 
 Kahengouetta, 14- 
 
 ^,j|. Kelley, Rev. William S U5 
 
 ^'(j^ Kelsey, Flier l,',], 1,53, 1.58 
 
 Lorenzo, 1 4,5 
 
 ,0-" I'- (lidcon 1,54 
 
 i;59 "•'• ^' I'M 
 
 , .|j Kents' Creek 11 
 
 '^',. Kent, .Moss 1 11. I 17. 1 7 \ 
 
 Kilborn, ,Iohn R 1,5.5, 172 
 
 jm Clinton, 15(> 
 
 ^ .. King's Garden 12() 
 
 126 Kiiig-^^ton 12, 15 
 
 Description of in 1799.... 117 
 
 . . . Kirlcvcnan, Brittany 142 
 
 ^'^^ Knight, F. .M ■ 12(i 
 
 27 Lacuec l^'^ulaiic I'rancoise 207 
 
 1.54 General, 211 
 
 170 LaFamine, KJ 
 
 12(i Laird, John 23 
 
 155 George, 23 
 
 125 Lake Ontario, ....12, 14, 19, 20, 21 
 
 153 Names of 13 
 
 lfi2 Nathan, 155 
 
 127 Lamercier, .fo^eph |4 
 
 237 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Larock, John 
 
 LaSalle, de Roliert Cavalier, 
 
 Sieur, 14-, 
 
 Lawyers, 
 
 Lee, Roswell T Kil, 170, 
 
 Morris E 
 
 James A 
 
 Leisler Jacob 16, 
 
 LeMaistre, Capt 
 
 LeMoyne, Simon 
 
 LeRay, N'incent 
 
 James D 
 
 Therese, 
 
 James, 
 
 Charles, Marquis de St. 
 
 Paul 
 
 Lesser Wilderness 
 
 Lewis, William D 
 
 Livery Stable -^ 
 
 Linda Island l.ji?. 
 
 Long Carrying- Place 
 
 Long, John, letter of 
 
 Lucy Ann 
 
 Lyle, Mrs. Kate 
 
 Lyme, name selected 
 
 MacDonell, Mrs. A. C 
 
 MacDougall, Capt. Geo 
 
 Macomb, Alexander -34, 
 
 Macpherson, Hugh 
 
 Majo, William 
 
 Ma'lo, 
 
 Mason, Josejih 
 
 Michael, 
 
 Masonic Lodge 
 
 Charter, 
 
 First officers 
 
 Masters of 
 
 Members, 
 
 Royal Arch 
 
 Massey, Hart 
 
 Isaiah, 
 
 Solon, 
 
 Mandrey, Miss ]\f. F. Isabel.... 
 
 Maxwell, Samuel .\ 
 
 McCandie Hugh 
 
 Meat Markets. . 
 
 M. E. Church 
 
 Mentry. Jacques 
 
 Merchants Point 46, 
 
 178 
 
 15 
 
 164 
 
 194 
 
 155 
 
 192 
 
 17 
 
 39 
 
 13 
 
 141 
 
 215 
 
 1:2 
 
 156 
 165 
 158 
 
 12 
 115 
 138 
 
 23 
 153 
 
 137 
 4() 
 lr26 
 174 
 157 
 13 
 154 
 181 
 182 
 185 
 19 1 
 193 
 191 
 194 
 123 
 149 
 151 
 156 
 138 
 154 
 165 
 172 
 143 
 126 
 
 Merritt, Willis 150 
 
 Milieu's Bay 158, 169 
 
 Hvland", 127, 146. 158, 169 
 
 Miller," F. A 169 
 
 Mile Square 151 
 
 Mills, Samuel F 142 
 
 Millinery Stores 165 
 
 Mohawk Valley, 
 
 Last raid" made in 95, 104 
 
 Montanna, \Vm 177 
 
 Montcalm, Gen. Louis Joseph. 20 
 
 Montreal, 1.3, 14, 16 
 
 Morrison, J. T 126 
 
 Monuments, 165 
 
 Murray, Russell 138 
 
 Murati Joachim 177 
 
 Meyers, Michael 170 
 
 Xapoleon, 1 202 
 
 Xash, John 155 
 
 Niagara, 19 
 
 Prisoners from .38 
 
 Nichols, Benj 169 
 
 Nicholson, John 150 
 
 Noel, Jacques 13 
 
 North Bay 138 
 
 Oddfellow's Lodge 194 
 
 Ogden, T. L 137 
 
 Ontario, loss of 76 
 
 Osgood, Stockwell 194 
 
 Os\\egatchie, 20, 30, 40 
 
 Oswego 19. 20. 23 
 
 Post established at 107 
 
 Paige, Capt. John K.. diary of. 134 
 
 Painting and wallpapering 164 
 
 Pamela '^. 138 
 
 Parkman. Francis 20 
 
 Paroles. 47 
 
 Patriot War 173 
 
 Pentecost Liuiiber co 163 
 
 Peninsula, Pt 131 
 
 Peo, Henry 155 
 
 Leon L 157 
 
 Percy, Robert 158 
 
 Peugnet, Louis 174, 177 
 
 Hyacinth. 
 
 Tlieophilus 155, 161, 208, 211 
 
 Phelps, Rev. D. 1 169 
 
 Photographer, 165 
 
 238 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Plnsicians, KM 
 
 Pierce, Dr. Dver 1-: I <i'i 
 
 H. Clav.." I(i(i 
 
 Pool, Oliver 1>' 
 
 Port Putiuun 11(1 
 
 Map of IIT 
 
 Post office 1 ■')•'> 
 
 Postmaster, H><) 
 
 Powers, Asahel 11- 
 
 Phineas. 
 
 Presbyterian Church ITO 
 
 Prevost, I>t. Gen'I Sir Geor<>e. 117 
 
 117 
 
 Pringle, .Tames F •1-7 
 
 Putnaii). Jacob \~6 
 
 Fred, 
 
 Wallace. 
 
 Abijah, !+'> 
 
 Quebec, 13, 16, 33 
 
 Radley, Clarence 1()2 
 
 Louis 1.5j 
 
 Eannier, H. \V 14(5 
 
 Raudin, l^ 
 
 Raymond, Win. M 1()2 
 
 Real, Count. Pierre Francois... 200 
 
 Reed, Charles K Ifil 
 
 Renard, Isle Aux 137 
 
 Richards, Miss Cora 1G9 
 
 Richardson, Willam 125 
 
 Rigaud, de Vaudreuil, Pierre 
 
 Francois, 20 
 
 Robai], John Battis 143 
 
 Marie Anne. 
 
 Robinson, Miss Clara IVi 
 
 Rogers, Abner 1 35 
 
 Deacon, 1 7 ! 
 
 Rolland, Jean Francois. ... 155. 200 
 
 Rosiere, 11. 143 
 
 Settlement of 142 
 
 Pioseboom. John H 154, 155 
 
 John G 1G5 
 
 Cha.s. C 15(5 
 
 Ross, Major John. 
 
 In conuuand at Cai-Jctoii 
 
 Island, 7() 
 
 Strengthens the fort, 77 
 
 Plans raid in Mohawk \'al- 
 
 lev f)l 
 
 .Vccounl of last raid made 
 
 by, 95 
 
 Uothchild, Baron lUhiiond 20J 
 
 Royal Highland Fanigrants. . . . 47 
 
 Regiment of New York... 47 
 
 Htmie and Cape Vincent R'y. 161 
 
 Xame changed, I'll 
 
 Leased i)v X. Y. C. ICy... 1(>2 
 
 Russell, J. Klmer 170 
 
 Sacket, Dr. Gideon S 155, 15S. JOl 
 
 Augustus, i I^ 
 
 (len. Delos B. 
 
 Post, G. A. R 201 
 
 Francis W 1 55 
 
 Cornelius T 200 
 
 Salmon Creek 16 
 
 River, 94 
 
 Sauthier, Claude Joseph 23 
 
 Scobell, J. Albert 1 54 
 
 Albert W 1 (>3 
 
 Schenectady, 9(i, 97 
 
 Schoharie, 9(i 
 
 Sexton, Hon. Lawrence ]\ 137 
 
 Shaw, Hon. A. D 201 
 
 Thomas 142 
 
 Sherman, Wm. W 156 
 
 Sheley, Mrs. P'mma K 126 
 
 vSherry, Rev. James 144 
 
 Shryver, John 1 62 
 
 Sinsebox, Miss Ella F 156 
 
 Smith, Avery 154, 155 
 
 Charles, 155 
 
 He/.ekiah H 157. 194 
 
 Rev. John Talbot 142 
 
 William, 161 
 
 Smvth, Charles 126 
 
 Spinning, OHmiel 1 23. 1 74 
 
 Daniel, l.>0. 155 
 
 Stage, Cleveland 16? 
 
 Stanlev, C. .M 126 
 
 StarkeV, Otis P 155 
 
 State "Road 146 
 
 Stitionerv Stores 164 
 
 Stc])lin. Frank E 161 
 
 St. John's Episcopal Churcli.... 171 
 
 St. Lawrence River 2.3, 24 
 
 Villages, 11. 12. 116 
 
 Inn. ' 161 
 
 River Ice Co 163 
 
 239 
 
INDEX. 
 
 River Guides 165 
 
 Grange, Iti!) 
 
 St. I>eger, Col. Barry. 
 
 Expedition of ~S 
 
 Orders given 1)V 39 
 
 St. Marcel... * U2 
 
 Stockwell, Walter E ITS 
 
 Stoel, Wm !«!) 
 
 Miss VWa 15() 
 
 Stone Arabia 52, 86 
 
 , Livingston. 178 
 
 Stone House 1T4 
 
 Stowell, Fred 154 
 
 Tailoring, 166 
 
 Taleott, Kdward B 127 
 
 Telegraph Co 1 6:i 
 
 Telephone, Co 163 
 
 'JVn Broeek. Mar-aret & Jacob. 128 
 
 128 
 
 Tibbit's Point Light House 175 
 
 Built 177 
 
 Tonti, Henri 1.5 
 
 Tor rev, Joel 169 
 
 Twiss, Lieut. Wm 30, 38, 39 
 
 Tyndall, Rev. Chai'les Noyes... 172 
 
 U. S. Custom House 137 
 
 Union House 161 
 
 Undertakers, 164 
 
 Valosi, de Marquis 141 
 
 Van Xostrand, Jacob 142 
 
 William, 154 
 
 Van Shaick, Michael 155 
 
 Versailles, Treaty of 114 
 
 Vincent, John A 137 
 
 Edgar J 199 
 
 William S 181 
 
 Wallace, Judge 137 
 
 Warren, Geo. W 155 
 
 War, Civil 198 
 
 Warrensl)orough 96 
 
 Waterworks, 166 
 
 Watertown Daily Times 13 
 
 Watson, Mathew 125 
 
 Weaver, F. B 156 
 
 Webster, Stephen 154 
 
 Wells, James A 158 
 
 Whitcomb, Aaron 14i2 
 
 White, Hon. Horace 137 
 
 Xeil K 156 
 
 G. W 146 
 
 Wills, Wm. C 157 
 
 Williams, Mrs. C. E 126 
 
 Wiley, C. E 146 
 
 Wilkinson, Gen. James 128 
 
 Sketch of 135 
 
 Winsor, Justin 16 
 
 Wisconsin burned 136 
 
 Woodhull, CoL Nathaniel 20 
 
 Woodruff, Llovd O 154, 155 
 
 Wolfe Island ' 20, 131 
 
 Formerly Grand Island.... 34 
 
 Canal cut through 161 
 
 Wyckoff, William 126 
 
 Clarence, F. 
 
 Youngs, W. H ;. 161 
 
 240 
 
JAN 28 1907 
 
^^i 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 222 270 A