LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0000155T74A fllass ~F I Z3 Book , /S^T77 RIX'S RIX'S RIX'S Original New York Store, 460 BROADWAY, SARATOGA SPRINGS. THE MOST POPULAR STORE IN THE VILLAGE. 20 PEE CEITO?. S-A-'VED. MILLINERY, HOSIEET, CORSETS, NOTIONS, LACES, RIBBONS, GENT'S FURNISHING. Portmonnaies, Fancy Soap, 3 cents a cake up; Trimmings, Sewing Silk, Worsteds, Combs, Buttons, Brushes, Cotton, 200 yds. 3 cts.; Pins 4cts., Coats', Brooks' and Clark's Cotton. FRINGES, LACES, WHALEBONE, TWIST, BRAIDS, UNDERWEAR, COLLARS, CUFFS, BOSOMS, GLOVES. Cotton Edging, Veils, Ladies' and Gents' Linen Handkerchiefs, Ladies' and Gents' Balbriggan Hose, Wash Blond, Footing, Dot Laces, &c, &c. Saratoga Book: Store. E. R. STEVENS, 322 & 324 Broadway, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. (First door north of Congress Hah, and opposite the Grand Union Hotel.) Always in stock, the very Latest Publications in Current Literature, the latest and most popular Novels. NEW BOOKS RECEIVED EVERY DAY. A very large assortment of Stereoscopic Views of Saratoga, Lake An Jlegantvariety of FINE STATIONERY, including English and French Tinted Writing Papers, Fine Cutlery, Russia Leather Goods, Parlor and Out-door Games. A CIRCULATING LIBRARY, Comprising about 700 Volumes of the veiy best in Science, History, and Fiction. TERMS VEEY REAvSONAJBTjE. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED : The Visitor's Guide TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OP THE ROUTES OP APPROACH, HOTELS, INSTITUTIONS AND BOARDS HOUSES, MINERAL SPRINGS, WALKS, DRIVES, AMUSEMENTS. RACES, REGATTAS, EXCURSIONS, COMMERCIAL INTERESTS, ETC., ETC. WITH A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SPRINGS AND VILLAGE. ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. Ooptkioht, 1876. NEW YORK : " TAINTOR BROS., MERRILL & CO., PUBLISHERS, 18 and 20 Astor Place. 1884. n«3 FOURTH SEASON. THE AMERICAN, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. FAKNHAM & BUSH, Prop's. The most centrally located Hotel in Saratoga, situated on Broadway, between the United States and Grand Union Hotels. Within two minutes walk of Congress Spring Park, the Hathorn, Congress, and other famous Springs. The Piazza occupies the most prominent place in Saratoga Springs. Enlarged, remodeled and greatly improved since last year. Steam Heat insures comfort in damp or chilly weather. Electric Bells in every room. Bath Rooms, New Furniture, all Moderi: Improvements, etc. Excellent Cuisine and Experienced Management. PEICES MODERATE. FARNHAM & BUSH, Proprietors. INDEX. PAGE "A" Spring 64 Adelphi Hotel 22 Adirondack R. R 101 American Hotel 22a Amusements 97 Analyses of Saratoga Waters 41, 42 Arlington Hotel 23 Balston Spa 92 Battle Ground 94 Boarding Houses 26, 32 Broadway Hall 28 Champion Spouting Spring 71, 92 Chapman's Hill 93 Circular Railway 83 Circular St. House 29 Clarendon Hotel 21a Columbian Hotel 24 Columbian Spring 47 Commercial Interests 112 Commercial Hotel 31 Congress Hall 16 Congress Park Place Hotel 30 Congress Spring Park 81 Congress Spring 45 Continental Hotel 31 Corinth 93 Crystal Spring 69 Diamond Spring 68 Drives 87 Elmwood Hall 29 Empire Spring 48 Entertaining Walks 79 Eureka Spring 70 Everett House 29 Excelsior Park 84 Excelsior Spring 49 Excursions 101, 102 Geyser Lake 90 Geyser Park 56 Geyser Spring 53, 91 GlenMitchell 89 Grand Union Hotel 20 Gridley's Trout Ponds 8S Hamilton's Medical Institute 27a Hamilton Spring 57 Hathorn Spring 57 High Rock Spring 58 History of Saratoga Springs 117 Holden House 30 HowlandHouse 28 PAGE Hotels 15, 32 Huestis House 25 Indian Camp 83 Institutions 26 IrvingHotel 28 Kensington Hotel 23a Kissingen Spring 69 Lake Lonely 98 Lin wood Hotel 30 Location 5 Luzerne 93 Magnetic Spring 69 Mansion House 31 Medicinal Action of the Waters ... 42 Moon's Lake House 87 Mt. McGregor 108 National Express Co 116 Pavilion Spring 61 Pitney House 30 Properties of the Water 35 Prospect Hills of Greenfield 93 Putnam Spring 69 Races 100 Red Spring 61 Saratoga Springs 5 Saratoga Lake 87 Saratoga Lake R. R 105 Saratoga Sanitarium 28 Saratoga Vichy Spring 66, 91 Seltzer Spring 69 Source of Springs 34 Spouting Spring 89 Springs 33, 85 Star Spring 64 Strong's Remedial Institute 26, 84 Temperature of the Water 35 Temple Grove Ladies' Sem 2S, 83 Triton House 90 Triton Spouting Spring 90 Union Spring 52 United States Hotel 18 United States Spring 69 Village 8 Wagman's Hill 93 Washington Spring 68 Waverly Hotel 29 Wearing Hill 93 White Sulpher Spring 70 Windsor Hotel 25 Woodlawn Park , 86 Scale 1250 ft tolxnch. Saeatoga Speikgs. CHAPTER I. LOCATION, AND HOW TO REACH IT. Nbak the eastern edge of the State of New York, U. S. A., and bordered by the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, lies the ancient county of Saratoga, famous in history and in medical science for its battle-fields and healing springs. The village of Sara- toga Springs, in the center of the county, and the largest village in it, is known round the globe. Tens of thousands of the fash ionahle world annually visit this celebrated resort, and the how to get there becomes a question of absorbing interest. In what direction does it lie? and what are the means of access! From New York it is north 182 miles; from Boston, west 230 miles ; from Niagara, east 311 miles ; from Montreal, south 202 miles. These are its points of compass, and they readily show its position on the map. These distances are by rail and boat ; and, to aid the more distant tourist, it may be mentioned that Saratoga Springs is distant from Philadelphia 274 miles ; Washington, 412 ; Chicago, 841 ; White Mountains, 322 ; Albany, 38 ; Lake George, 35 ; Rutland, Vt., 62. The routes by boat or rail are numerous. Tourists from Europe usually choose New York as a starting place for the Springs, as the route includes the Hudson River and gives a choice of boat or rail. The water-route gives 144 5 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. miles of steamboat voyaging, of entrancing beauty and grandeur, unsurpassed by any river soenery in the world. The Bay Liiu of Steamers, during the summer season, make the trip of the Hudson River from New York to Albany by day- light, when all the beauty of the river scenery may be enjoyed in very comfortable ease. They leave Pier 39, North River, at 8.3.1 A.M., and West 22d St., 15 minutes later. The People's Evening Line of boats make the trip in the night, leaving New York, Pier 41, N. R. , at 6 P.M., and give a sail on the finest river boats afloat. Connection is made in the morning at Albany, with Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R., 38 m. to Saratoga. The Citizen's Line of Steamers leaves Pier 44, North River, foot of Christopher Street, at 6 p.m., arriving at Troy in the morning, connecting with the Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R. R., or Boston, Hoosac Tunnel & Western R. R. , to Saratoga. The Hudson River Railroad, following the eastbank of the Hudson, takes one from New York to Albany or Troy without change of cars, and, during July and August, drawing-room cars are run through to Saratoga Springs in five hours and a half. Tourists from Boston have a choice of two routes: 1st. Via the Hoosac Tunnel Route, which is composed of .the Fitchburg, Troy and Greenfield R.R., the Boston, Hoosac Tunnel and Western R.R., to Mechanicsville, N. Y., thence to Saratoga. Distance, 223 miles. Passengers can, if they prefer, diverge at Fitchburg, Mass., via Cheshire R.R., to Bellow's Falls, Vt., Rut- land Division of Central Vermont R.R., to Rutland, Vt., and the Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga. Distance, 230 miles. 2d. Via Boston and Albany R.R. to Springfield, Mass., and Albany, i N. Y. , thence via Saratoga Division of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga. Distance, 240 miles. Passengers by this route can, if they prefer, diverge at South Framingham, via Boston, Clinton, Fitchburg and New Bedford R.R., to Fitch- burg, Mass., thence by Route No. 1. Distance, via Hoosac Tun- nel route, 231 miles, via Cheshire R.R. , 238 miles. Palace cars are run from Boston to Saratoga without change via all these lines. Passengers from the West may take any route to Buffalo or Nia- gara Falls, thence by N. Y. C. R.R. to Schenectady and Saratoga. The Erie Railway at Bingbamton connects with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Schenectady and Sarato&a. 6 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. From Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, the quickest route is to New York, thence by Hudson River R.R., or Steamers. From Maine and the Maritime Provinces, rail or boat may b6 taken to Boston, or to Portland. From Portland, the Boston and Maine Railroad connects with Manchester, N. H. , and then, via Concord and Northern Railroad to White River Junction, Vt., thence via Bellows Falls and Rutland, to Saratoga. Or from White River Junction take Cent. Vt. R.R. to Burlington, Vt., thence by steamer on Lake Champlain or Central Vermont R.R. to Ticonderoga, N. Y., thence by Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. ta Saratoga ; or on from Burlington via Central Vt. to Rutland, thence Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga. Or from Portland, Me., take Portland and Ogdensburg R.R. to White Mts. , St. Johns- bury, Vt., Cambridge, Burlington, thence rail or steamer as above. 14 The completion of the Hoosac Tunnel opens another desirable route between Portland, Bangor and the East and Saratoga, viz. : via the Portland and Rochester R.R. , Portland to Rochester, and the Nashua and Rochester and Worcester and Nashua R.Rs. to Ayer Junction, Mass., thence by Route No. 1 from Boston." From the White Mountains a through palace car is run to Sara- toga in one day in summer via the Wells' River and Montpelier R.R., Cent. Vt. R.R., and Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. via Wells' River, Montpelier, Burlington, Leicester Junction, Ticon- deroga, and Whitehall to Saratoga. Or by Portland and Ogdensburgh R.R. from White Mts. to Cambridge and Burlington, Vt. , thence by rail or steamer. From Montreal the most direct route is by the Del. and Hud Canal Co.'s Line, to Rouse's Point, thence to Saratoga. Palace cars are run through from Montreal to Saratoga and New York. Another route from Montreal is via Grand Trunk R.R. to St. John's, thence via Central Vermont to Rutland, where you change cars ; thence via Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga. Or, by Grand Trunk R.R. to Rouse's Point, Lake Champlain Steamers to Ticonderoga, thence by Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga Springs. This latter route is the more delight- ful, as it takes the tourist through the glorious scenery of Lake Champlain, on the fine steamers of the Lake, and also allowi § divergence at Ticonderoga, via Lake George. 7 Methodist Church, from top of Grand Union Hotel. CHAPTER II. THE VILLAGE. In approaching Saratoga Springs, over two railways, either from the north or south, the traveler meets with a surprise. The change from open farms to close-built town is abrupt, and the cars are among the houses, and at the station, almost before the Selds are missed. From the south, the first intimation is the lit- tle group of cottages, clustered about the Geyser Springs, per- haps three minutes before the train stops. From the north, the bran-new villas and embryo streets of Excelsior Park, the tow- ers and the mansard roofs of the great hotels, flash past just as the brakes begin to pull up for the depot. In either case the train slides along the same covered platform, and "Saratoga" ia announced. The intelligent brakeman knows the station is real- ly " Saratoga Springs," but, with that freedom for which he is famous, he clips the " Springs." Saratoga is quite another place. This is Saratoga Springs, properly so called. The long platform swarms with importunate hackmen, and, were it not for good po- licing, the arrival would be a trifle formidable. The prudent passenger will provide for the transportation of his baggage, before he reaches the depot, by giving up his checks to the agent of the Saratoga Baggage Express. This company transports baggage to any part of the town foi the small sum of twenty-five or fifty cents, and is a regularly organized and responsible concern. The agent will pass through the cars, just before the train reaches Saratoga, soliciting checks. He can bo readily recognized by the badge on his hat, and pas- sengers need have no doubts of his integrity or authority, foi 8 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. none but the reliable agent of the Express Company is allowed on the cars. By giving him your checks, you will save much inconvenience, and have your baggage promptly delivered at your boarding-house, without further trouble. To find the por ter of your house, a glance at the row of signs overhead vvili show just where the correct man stands, and where you should go to find him. Each hotel has a reliable man under its sign, and the badge on his hat will make the assurance sure. Give him your checks, and then walk to the house. The most distant hotel, except the Mansion House, is only four blocks away, and the little walk will properly introduce one to the place. Unless there are boat or horse-races going on, there is no need to hasten to secure rooms. This is the land of vast hotels, and a party of six or more is a small affair where twenty thousand people may be lodged at once. Opposite the station rise the huge, yel- low walls of the United States Hotel, and the street beside it leads one to the left, directly upon Broadway, the main thorough- fare of the village. Reaching this street, with the United States on the Southern corner (right), and the Arlington on the northern (left) corner, we find ourselves in the center of the town, on the wide avenue called Broadway. The street is sup- posed to run up to the north, or left, and down to the south, or right. The Adelphi, American, Grand Union, Congress Hall, Columbian, Clarendon, Windsor and Everett, are to the right ; the Holden, Waverly, Washington Hall and Broadway Hall are to the left, and each faces the street. The Kensington is one block east of Congress Spring, near the corner of Circular Street and Union Avenue. To reach the other hotels and boarding houses, the porter will point the way ; and each is within ten minutes, excepting the Mansion House, at Excelsior Park. Having found one's house, and a little leisure, it may be in order to look at the village. Saratoga Springs is a village of hotels and dwelling houses. There are few or no manufactories, and its streets seem devoted to elegant leisure or abundant shopping. Its surface is mainly level, except where a shallow val- ley winds in a general north-easterly direction through the center. Through this runs a little brook, and, by its banks, at the bot- tom of the valley, may be found most of the more famouf 9 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. mineral springs. On either side of this valley the ground it level, and forms the top of a piece of elevated table-land, a mile or two in diameter. It is evident that a " fault" occurred here in the geological formation ; for, on the west side of this valley, the foundation rock underlying the plateau crops out to the surface, while on the east side, for several feet, nothing but sand is found. The Town Hall, on the corner of Broadway and Lake Street, marks the center of population. The geograph- ical center is, perhaps, a quarter of a mile to the south-east of this point. Immediately beyond the village, and in nearly every direction, the country becomes broken, so that the out- skirts are varied and pleasing, while the village itself is suflQ- ciently level for comfortable walking. The principal street is Broadway, extending a little east of north through the entire village, and making the grand drive and promenade, where all the life, business, and pleasure of the place may be seen in a five-minutes' walk. This concentration of the hotels and stores in one street, and in the immediate neigh- borhood of nearly all of the springs, gives the village a singular aspect ; for, away from this center, there is nothing but houses, cottages, and villas, each in prim fashion facing its quiet, shady street — a village of homes. Broadway is peculiar and original. The hotels, the elegant stores, the fine rows of trees, the broad borders of sod, and the throng of carriages and people that crowd its walks and roads, present a spectacle unlike anything else in the world. Newport and Interlaken, Ems and Long Branch, have their special charms, but nowhere is so much of caravansary and general splendor concentrated in so limited a space. No other resort can show two such palaces as the Grand Union and Congress Hall, facing each other on one street. Perhaps no other place would lug two such monster buildings into such pronounced rivalry. Be that as it may, here they stand, and the general effect is remarkable, and a trifle oppressive. There is too much of architectural glory ; but the American likes grandeur, and here he has it, in a profusion perfectly dazzling. There is a slight bend in the street, in the neighborhood of Congress Hall, and standing here, one may look in either direction, and feel a natural prid« 10 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. in his country, that such monuments to American wealth, skill, and culture, can be taken in at a single glance. Certainly, there is but one Saratoga in the world. Five minutes' walk, up or down Broadway, takes one past all the great houses and the best stores. Congress Park and its springs give a rural aspect to the avenue, and the stately row? of trees afford agreeable shade. The walks are good, and thf road well kept. Thousands crowd the way in elegant attire, and there is a world of faces and things to see and admire. The throng of carriages passes in brilliant procession, flowers and elegant drapery fill the windows and frame the faces looking out making a bit of realistic fairy-land that wins the attention at every step. The view of the village from the top of the large hotels or the Town Hall is very delightful. The numerous shade trees give the town the appearance of a very beautiful forest city, and the view will fully repay the slight trouble of a few steps to one of these elevations. Away from Broadway one sees home-life, quiet or gay, sobei or festive, in countless houses, stretching through well-swept shady streets in endless variety. Round all is the charming open country, with woods, lakes, and meadows, and with mountain ranges to fringe the blue horizon. The houses are generally small as if the house-keeper did not intend to be much cumbered with the cares of many rooms. Every house has its own garden, and grass is freely used as a general outdoor carpet and embroidery. Many of the houses are of brick, and all exhibit a refreshing freedom of design, as if the owners had their own ideas of comfort, and meant their homes to express themselves. If they do, the Saratogians are a goodly people, cleanly, hospitable, and agreeable. Everything is as neat as wax, and there is an air of elegant finish about the houses and gardens that is infinitely sug- gestive and comforting. The visitor at once concludes that a residence among such homes must be pleasant, and there he is certainly correct. The attractions of Saratoga as a residence are being appreciated by some of the wealthier classes, and already several prominent families from the large cities have established their residence here. Nor are sanitary essentials neglected. With all the paint an* SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. varnish, sod-work and gilding, there is no slighting of the unseen works upon which the health and well-being of every town must be built. Excelsior Lake furnishes abundant supplies of pure water, and, by the use of the Holly system of waterworks it is delivered at every door for domestic and fire purpoaes. Every street is lighted with gas, and abundant sewers prevent all danger of typhoid visitations. This last and most important matter was formerly much neglected ; but now, ample sewerage works have been provided and the place is perfectly secure. THE TOWN HALL. Using the front Bteps of Congress Hall as a convenient pivot upon which to turn to find the chief points of convenience and interest, the springs, churches, etc. , may be noticed as follows : The Post-Office is in the Arcade, on Broadway, nearly opposite the United States Hotel, with entrances on Broadway an* Phils Street. 12 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Town Hall is on the east side of Broadway, on the cornel 01 the fourth block to the right. The hall and reading rooms oi the Young Men's Christian Association are in the Town Hal] building. The churches of Saratoga Springs are commodious and elegant, and designed for the accommodation of both transient and permanent residents. The regular pastors are men of abil- ity and worth, and the various pulpits are often filled during the summer season by eminent divines from all parts of the country. The Methodist church, a handsome structure of brick, with sandstone trimmings, is on the north side of Washington Street. To reach it, cross the street to the sidewalk opposite, turn to the right, and Washington Street is the first turn on the left The church is near Broadway, on the right. The Episcopal church is on Washington Street, and directly in the rear of the Grand Union Hotel. The Presbyterian church, a large brick building with a tall spire, is next beyond the Town Hall, and in the fourth block to the right, on the same side of the street. The Baptist church is located on Washington Street, just be yond the Methodist church. To reach it, cross to the walk in front of the Grand Union Hotel, turn to the right, and take the first left. The Congregational church is over the Post-Office, on Phila Street. Walk along Broadway to the right, and take the second turn to the right. The Catholic church is located on South Broadway, corner of William Street, and opposite the Clarendon Hotel. The Second Presbyterian Society occupy Newland chapel on Spring Street. Spring Street joins Congress Hall on the right, and the chapel is in the fourth block from the hotel. The Free Methodist chapel is located on Regent Street. Regent is the third street east of Congress Hall, on Spring Street. The hours of service and the names of the pastors may be found in the Saturday edition of the Saratoga daily papers. The Temple Grove Seminary is located at the junction oi Spring and Circular Streets. Follow- Spring Street, from thf north side of Congress Hail to the second cross street. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. To find the springs quickly, the visitor may start from Cos gi*ss Hall as follows : — Congress and Columbia Springs, turn U left ; Hathorn and Hamilton Springs, take first turn to right from Broadway ; Putnam Spring, follow Broadway to right to second right-hand turn; Pavilion Spring, follow Broadway to third tarn to right ; Seltzer, High Rock, Star, and Empire Springs, follow Broadway to sixth turn to right ; the second turn to left Till then lead to steps above the springs. To find the Old Red and Saratoga "A" Springs take same route as for Empire Spring and walk on past it along edge of brook. Washington and Crystal Springs are easily reached from Congress Hall by walk- ing one block to the left. Excelsior Spring is more distant, and may be reached from the Old Red Spring by following the town- road to the right, past the Water Works. The Geyser, Cham- pion, Triton and other springs in that group are about, twenty minutes walk to the south. To reach them, turn to left and fol low South Broadway to Ballston Avenue, opposite the end of Congress Park. This road turns off to the right, diagonally, and the walk, though sunny, is pleasant and easy. The Race Course is perhaps eight or ten minutes' walk to the east of Congress Hall. East Congress Street, on the south side of the hotel, leada directly to the wide avenue known as Union Avenue, and the grand entrance is easily found on the sight, near the end of the fifth block from Congress Hall. The Circular Railway and on« of the Indian Encampments are also on this road, on the left, in the second block from Broadway. Other places of interest and the routes to them are detail©?} *l»ewhere. 14 CHAPTER III. THE HOTELS. The hotels at Saratoga Springs are among the largest, the mart ooetly, elegant, and comfortable in the world. For nearly a cen- tury people have journeyed to these springs, to drink their healing waters; and, as one day's visit is hardly worth the while, they have sought a home here during the summer season. It is thia that has caused the village to open its doors so freely, and to build up, from a small beginning, a system of hotels and boarding- houses unlike anything else to be found. Added to this came, in time, the demands of the merely pleasure-seeking, fashionable world. People came to the springs for the sake of the gay com- pany gathered here, and from year to year the hotels have grown, expanding their wings and adding room beyond room, till they cover acres of ground, and the halls and piazzas stretch out into miles. They have a bewildering fashion here of repeating the wondrous tale of these things. They talk about the miles of car- peting ; the thousands upon thousands of doors and windows ; the hundreds of miles of telegraph wires ; vast acres of marble floors ; and tons of eatables stored in the pantries, till one is lost in admirable confusion. It is all true, and that is the wonder of it. The management that governs it all is more remarkable than the gilding and mirrors. It is a sort of high science, unequaled in the world, combining the " ease of mine inn," and a perfection of detail and freedom from friction that is as pleasant as it ii wonderful. Saratoga's face is her fortune, and it is said that the entire town devotes its days and nights to the comfort of the tourist. The tourist should be indeed happy. If he is not, it is safe to say it is his own fault. In speaking of these hotels, the four great houses are mentioned first. The smaller ones are noticed in th« order of their size. The numerous boarding houses will be ooo *der*d in the next chapter. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Congress Hall Is built on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same name which was burned in 1866, and occupies the larger part of the square bounded by Broadway, East Congress, Spring and Put- nam Streets. Its situation is in the very center of the gay and fashionable hotel world of Saratoga, and is admirably arranged for seeing all the attractive phases of the "great watering- place " life. Its frontage on Broadway, the principal street of the town, is 416 feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feet wide and 249 feet in length, commanding a view of the most brilliant portion of Saratoga. From the Broadway front two immense wings, 300 feet long, extend to Putnam Street, the northern wing, running along Spri»g Street and overlooking the celebrated Hathorn and Hamilton Springs on one side, and with the central wing which runs parallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful garden-plot. The southern front commands a full view of the famous Congress and Columbian Springs, and the beautiful Con- gress Park, owned and adorned by the Congress and Empire Spring Co. Ample piazzas extend around the back of the hotel, overlooking the grass and garden-plots of the interior court, afford- ing cool and shady retreats in the afternoon, when entrancing music is discoursed by one of the best hotel bands in Saratoga. Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick with brown-stone trimmings, and presents one of the most grace- ful architectural appearances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20 inches thick and hollow in the center, thus securing great strength and protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard, with three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from the promenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to pre- vent the spread of fire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to all the floors of the house. The rooms are all large, high and well ventilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas, etc. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and offices are of grand proportions, and are furnished with an elegance that bespeaks comfort and neatness in all its departments. The ventilation of the dining-room and kitchen has been much improved, and a Steam Heating Apparatus introduced on the main floor for use whenever changes in the temperature require it. Hot and cold 16 £ a o.S UJ a h I ft bfl ■g Ml-! . -PO g9 dcog.J O ^ ? ^ CO -J> HI S£ -i 8^ 11 « a ^r-J if 02 ■*» W1 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. water have been carried to every floor, and a large number of baths and closets added for the convenience of guests. There has also been a conrplete renovation of the furniture, and the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarpt^ted, and 200 rooms refurnished throughout and the walls refmished. The public parlors have been refurnished with new Wilton carpets, and the reception rooms, office and dining-room renewed. The kitchen department has been thoroughly reorganized at a large expense, and will this year be made equal to the best. The office has been tiled and greatly improved. The laundry has been greatly improved and its facilities increased. The rooms of Congress Hall are larger, and therefore afford pleasanter and more healthy apartments than any other hotel in Saratoga, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses, closets, etc. , afford all desirable conveniences. The ball-room of the Congress is one of the finest in Northern New York, being most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers and ornaments. It is in the block across Spring Street, but is connected with the north wing of the hotel by a light, graceful iron bridge suspended over the street, covered and protected, which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque. Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which annually includes the finest families of our metropolitan cities. In 1878, Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, Ohio, President of the Cincinnati and Southern K. E. Co., and Mr. John Cox, of New York, gentlemen of large means, purchased Congress Hall and have since added many improvements. They have placed it under its present efficient and popular management, which now includes Mr. R. H. Southgate, who has attained distinction as a manager of first-class hotels and who was proprietor of Congress Hall in its palmiest days, when it stood without a rival in Saratoga. The great success of Congress Hall is complete proof of the efficiency and popularity of the management. Owing to the very low purchase price of the hotel, the proprietors feel able to keep up the standard of style of its former glorious years and yet keep the prices at the lowest possible and present popular rates. The hotel opens June 10th. 17 8AKAT0GA ILLUSTRATED. United States Hotel. This magnificent structure was completed in June, 1874, and is situated on the block bounded by Broadway and Division Street, on the site of the old United States Hotel, around which so many pleasant memories cluster, but which was burned a few years ago. It constitutes one continuous line of buildings, si* stories high, over 1,500 feet in length, containing 917 rooms for guests, and is the largest hotel in the world. The architectural appearance is exceedingly elegant and beautiful. It is Norman in style, and its Mansard roof is embellished with pediments, ga- bles, dormer windows and crestings, and three large pavilions. The building covers and encloses seven acres of ground in th« form of an irregular pentagon, having a frontage of 232 feet on Broadway, 656 feet on Division Street, with "Cottage Wing" on the south side of the plaza, extending west from the main front for 566 feet. This wing is one of the most desirable features of this admirably- arranged house, as it affords families, and other parties, the same quiet and seclusion which a private cottage would afford, together with the attention and conveniences of a first- class hotel. The rooms of this wing are arranged in suites of one to seven bedrooms, with parlor, bath-room, and water-closet in each suite. Private table is afforded if desired, and the seclu- sion and freedom of a private villa may be enjoyed here, to be varied, at will, by the gayer life of the hotel and watering place. The main front and entrance is on Broadway, in which is the elegant drawing-room, superbly furnished with Axminster car- pets, carved walnut and marble furniture, frescoed ceilings, elegant lace curtains, and costly chandeliers and mirrors. The room is rich and tasteful in its entire arrangements. Across the hall is the ladies' parlor, furnished with exquisite taste ; and be- yond, at the corner of the Broadway and Division Street fronts, are the gentlemen's reading-rooms and the business offices of the hotel. To the vv«st of the office in the Division Street wing, is the dining-hall, 52 by 212 feet with 20 £ feet ceiling ; beyond which are the private drawing-rooms, the children's ordinary carving-rooms, etc. The grand ball-room, 112 by 53 feet, with oeilings 26 feet high, is on the second floor of the Division Street wing, and is decorated with artistic and appropriate adornments 18 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The arrangement of the sleeping apartments of this hotel is excel lent, and its rooms are furnished with gas, water, and marbU basins throughout. It is the only hotel in Saratoga that is thor» oughly plumbed and has running water in all its rooms. All the rooms are connected with the office by an electric annunciator The entire building is divided into five sections by thick, fire- proof walls, and the openings through them are protected bj heavy iron doors, thus affording great protection in case of fire; There are also fire-hydrants in each section, with hose attached, an each floor. There are ten staircases which afford ample means of escape from fire. Two elevators are used solely foi oonveying guests to the various floors, and every convenience ha* been adopted in equipping this elegant hotel for its immense summer business. Upon the Broadway front is a fine piazza, 232 feet long, three stories high, overlooking the center of the village ; and one on Division Street, 200 feet in length. Extensive piazzas, 2,300 feet in length, for promenades, encircle the large interiol court, which is ornamented with beautiful shade-trees, sparkling fountains, graceful lawn-statuary, and meandering walks ; anci, during the evening, when illuminated with colored lights and lanterns, and enlivened with exquisite music, the scene is brilliant and fascinating in the extreme. In fact, everything that is needed to make the hotel attractive and convenient is found here, and the United States Hotel stands unexcelled in its furnishing and arrangements by any of the hotels of the great watering-place. As one looks upon this palatial structure, and carefully inspects the detailed arrangements for the perfect convenience and comfort of its guests, he can but be amazed at the enterprise^ and courage of its owners, who have opened to the world this stupendous establish\ne*it. This immense and elegant hotel is managed by gentlemen of great experience. The Hon. James M.Marvin, who is well known to all old frequent- are of Saratoga, has the general control of the whole interest, nrhile Messrs. Tompkins, Perry, Gage, and Janvrin, are the lessee! and proprietors. Under their able and successful management, the house has steadily gained in favor and become known as the moet elegant and aristocratic summer resort in the world. Guest* can rely on having everything provided that will conduce to theii comfort and happiness. SaJUTOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Grand Union Hotel. Thia palatial hotel occupies almost the entire square bounded by Broadway, Congress, Federal, and Washington Streets, in thf very center of the town. It is a magnificent structure of brick and iron of modern style, with a street frontage of 2,400 feet. It is undoubtedly the largest and most elegantly furnished water- ing-place hotel in the world. Along its entire Broadway front of 800 feet runs a graceful iron piazza three stories high, affording a splendid promenade which overlooks the liveliest portion of Broadway, and the beautiful Congress Park and Spring. The interior arrangements of this hotel are unsurpassed for complete- ness, convenience, and elegance by any watering-place hotel in the world. The main entrance and office is at the center of the Broadway front, in the rotunda, which is eighty feet in diameter, and extends to the top of the house, with balconies on each of the five stories overlooking the entrance and grand saloon about the office. To the left of the office are reception-rooms, and the grand saloon parlor, the most beautifully decorated and hand- somely furnished drawing-room in the world, and in the summer evenings, during the season, presents the most brilliant scene of watering-place festivities to be found. Passing through the drawing-room, we find other smaller private parlors, and turning to the right, into the Congress Street wing, we enter the spacious and elegant dining-hall, 60 feet wide, 275 feet long, beautifully frescoed, and furnished with Bplendid mir- rors, which reflect the festal scene, and add lustre to the brilliant assemblies which congregate in this sumptuous dining-hall. The dining-room has been lengthened 75 feet, a new fire-proof kit- chen and serving -rooms added, and the ventilation of the whole ^uisine department made the most perfect possible. The dining- and its appurtenances are now undoubtedly the finest and most complete in the world. The rooms of the hotel are elegantly furnished, and many are arranged in suites for family use, handsomely frescoed, and sup- plied with pure, fresh, running spring-water, hot and cold, in every room. Three elevators are now in operation, and guests are conveyed to and from the five floors with the utmost east tfU 8ABAT0GA ILLUSTRATED. and despatch. The hotel fronts on three streets, thus affording a large number of outside rooms, while the rear rooms open upon the handsome interior court- square, beautifully adorned with trees, shrubs, and flowers, presenting a delightful view of genu- ine artistic landscape gardening. On three sides of this court is a wide promenade piazza, which affords delightful retreat, and yet commands a scene of entrancing beauty. The interiox grounds have been greatly beautified and enlarged by the re« moval of the Opera House and adjacent buildings, and the ex« tension of new walks, and retreats to Federal and Washington Streets. Its grounds are the largest connected with any hotel in Saratoga, and the magnificent elms afford delightful shade dur- ing the summer days of the season. The new ball-room, 60x85 feet, built in 1876, is most beauti- fully proportioned and frescoed, and adorned with balconies of the most attractive character. Yvon's Grand Centennial Pic- ture, u The Genius of America," painted expressly for the late Mr. Stewart, occupies one entire end of the room. The assem- blies in this beautiful hall are unexcelled in brilliancy by any similar entertainments in the country. The music is supplied by an excellent band of artistic performers, and concerts are given every morning on the piazzas of the hotel, and hops every even- ing in the ball-room. Entertainments for the children, under the direction of competent professors, are held every week. Garden Parties and summer-night "Fete Champetres" are given frequently during the season, and a "German " once each week. No effort or expense is spared by the managers to secure the highest enjoyment possible to tne guests of the Grand Union at these entertainments. Billiard-tables and new bowling-alleys are provided for the ex elusive use of guests, and all facilities that can conduce to com fort and entertainment are provided by the liberal management of this palatial hotel. Its past management has secured for it a most enviable repu tation ; but Mr. Henry Clair, the present lessee, ia,determined the Grand Union shall stand pre-eminent, for completeness, vastness, and elegance, above all the watering-place hotels in th« world. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Adelphi Hotel. This elegant hotel was built in the spring of 1877, and is a model modern hotel in every particular. It is centrally located on Broadway, between the two mammoth hotels, United States and Grand Union, within three minutes' walk of the Congress, Hathorn, Columbian, Hamilton, and Washington Springs. The Adelphi has a large piazza, three stories high, fronting on Broad- way, and elevated far enough above the street to command a fine view of Saratoga's most brilliant thoroughfare, and at the same time shield guests from street annoyances. There is a very broad sidewalk between it and the carriage-way of Broadway, thus removing it from the noise and dust of the street. The rooms are large and are very liberally furnished, and some are arranged in suites, for family use, with every modern con- venience, marble basins, hot and cold running water, bath-rooms, clothes-presses, closets, etc. The Adelphi was first opened in the summer of 1877, and at once took rank among the best of the Saratoga hotels, and has maintained a first-class reputation. It is not as large as some of the mammoth hotels, but its modern construction, convenient arrangements, excellent cuisine and central location, have made it a favorite home, both to the visitor for pleasure and the man of business. Its broad piazzas commanding delightful views, neat and cpaiet appearance, and liberal supply of clothes-presses and closets, have added special attractions for the ladies, who appreciate its convenient accommodations. Its popularity has compelled the proprietor to enlarge its facilities, and since the close of the season of 1883 a new story has been added. It can now furnish a comfortable and elegant temporary home for about 200 guests. The guests of this fine hotel are of the very best classes of peo- ple, and many distinguished visitors have been liberally enter- tained at the Adelphi. The proprietor of the Adelphi is Mr. Wil- liam H. McCaffrey, who has had much experience as a caterer to the visitors of Saratoga Springs, and who knows what tourists require, and how to conduct a first-class hotel. The Adelphi will be kept open until November 1st. The prices for board are very moderate. 22 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Clarendon Hotel. This excellent house stands on Broadway, a short distanoe south of Congress Street, on one of the pleasantest sites in the village. Recent improvements have made this part of Broadway one of the most attractive portions of the great watering place. The Clarendon is the only hotel in Saratoga which has a mineral spring within its own grounds. It partly incloses within its wings a depression or valley, ornamented with shade trees, among which stands the tasteful pagoda covering the popular Washington Spring. The Leland Spring, named in honor of the former pro- prietor of the hotel, is also within these grounds. These spring waters are among the most valuable of the Saratoga waters, the Washington Spring being a tonic water, highly prized by Saratoga residents, and popular with the visitors. Congress Spring Park is immediately opposite the Clarendon, and such of its guests as prefer Congress or Columbian waters to that which springs within their own dooryard can easily reach them. The Clarendon has always had the reputation of having the very best class of guests. It has a quiet air of refinement about all its arrangements, and one feels quite at home in this cheerful and elegant hotel. The cuisine has always been noted for its excellence. The Clarendon can accommodate about 500 guests, and its arrangement is every way calculated to give satisfaction to those who patronize it as a summer resort. An excellent band discourses delightful music daily, morning and evening, from the piazza overlooking the in- terior court, which is illuminated in the evening, and presents a very picturesque effect. Over fifty thousand dollars have recently been expended in remodeling, modernizing, and equipping this hotel in the most improved manner. Among the improvements is the addition of a new Otis Passenger Elevator. The piazzas have been rebuilt and enlarged. Charles Losekam, proprietor of the Clarendon, also conducts the new and elegant Genesee Hotel, at Buffalo. Parties visiting Niagara Falls and vicinity will find the Genesee, at Buffalo, to be the finest hotel in Western New Xbrk. Mr. Losekam personally superintends these hotels, which is a guarantee of experienced and successful management. 21 a SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The American. The most centrally located hotel in Saratoga, being between the United States and Grand Union Hotels, and in the very center of the most frequent promenades. The American is within two minutes walk of the Congress Spring Park, and near all the principal springs and attractions, including Congress Spring and Park, Columbian Spring, Hathorn Spring, Hamilton Spring, Washington Spring, the Post-Office and the Eailroad Depot. It fronts Broadway, the great thoroughfare, promenade and drive of the town, and its wide piazza affords a very favorable oppor- tunity for seeing the promenade of the Saratoga visitors, and the grand procession of splendid equipages and turn-outs that daily pass the American, during the height of the season. While the American is not so large as some of the hotels of Saratoga, it af- fords equally good accommodations at less cost, and without the confusion sometimes connected with the great hotels. The house has been greatly improved since its thorough re- modeling recently. Several suites of rooms, fronting on Broad- way and Washington Street, have been added. This important addition will give guests a choice of some of the most desirable rooms in Saratoga. Steam Heat has also been introduced, which will insure comfort in damp or chilly evenings. This is a mat- ter of no small importance in Saratoga, where the summers are always cool. The American accommodates comfortably about 300 guests, just large enough to avoid the bustle and crowding of a mammoth hot. The sleeping rooms are large and furnished with com- fortable spring beds, good bedroom furniture and gas light. Electric bells connect every guest-chamber with the office, and the service is prompt and efficient. The cuisine of the Ameri- can is supplied with all the delicacies and substantial of the sea- son, and the mode of service will be found to be thoroughly satis- factory. The prices are very reasonable. This is the fourth sea- son of the American under the management of Messrs. Farn- ham & Bush, who have been successful and merited the large patronage they have received. Under their management the American has becomp one of the most popular of Saratoga's numerous hotels. 22 a SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Arlington Hotel. Is situated on the corner of Broadway and Division Street, directly opposite the United States Hotel. It is one of the best constructed Hotels in Saratoga, and will accommodate about 300 gaests. The building is of brick, and is of modern and im- proved arrangement in its interior plan. It is five stories high, surmounted with a Mansard roof, and presents a very neat and arttactive exterior on the fashionable avenue of the town. Its rooms are particularly desirable, as they command views of the liveliest portions of Broadway and the business center of the place. Extending along the Broadway front is a fine broad piazza, two stories high, which commands an extended view of Broadway. This hotel is less than two minutes walk from the Railroad Depot, and is open all the year round at uniform rates. J. P. Dennin, Proprietor, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 23 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Columbian. The Columbian is situated on South Broadway, opposite Con- gress Park, near the center of all the attractions. A more beau- tiful and central location is not to be found in Saratoga. Congress, Columbian, Crystal and Washington Springs are in full view from the piazzas, and the popular drives to Geyser Spring and Ballston are past this hotel. The house is built of brick, and has a frontage of 132 feet on Broadway, with a wide two-story piazza 125 feet long. The back piazza, 115 feet long, overlooks its own beautiful grounds, and as one of these piazzas is always shaded, a pleasant retreat is furnished every hour of the day. All the rooms of the Columbian have pleasant outlooks, and are well furnished. The Columbian has been leased for a term of years by Mr. James M. Case, proprietor Pulaski House, Savannah, Ga., which places it under as good management as that of any other Sara- toga hotel. Cuisine under Prof. Alexander Monttrian, of Fifth Avenue Hotel, N. Y. No expense spared in any department to suit the most fastidious tastes. Terms, $3 per day, and from $15 to $21 npr week. 24 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Windsor Hotel. This house was built in the spring of 1876, and opened fot the first time to the public in June of that year. It proved an unfor^ tunate investment for its original owners, and has since passed into the hands of Hon. Henry Hilton, who has enlarged and im- proved it, and opened it as a first-class hotel, under the manage- ment of Mr. Henry Clair. It stands on the corner of Broadway and William Street, and commands a fine view of Broadway, the principal street of the village. From the roof of the house the view commands a wide range of the country, embracing in its scope several villages in Saratoga County. The Hudson Valley, the Green Mountains in the distant east, the Greenfield Hills and Adirondack Mountains on the north and west, with the village of Saratoga Springs and Congress Park in immediate prospect Huestis House. This popular summer house, open from May 15 to November 1, is situated on South Broadway, within one block of the Congress and Hathorn Springs. It has been under the same management for the past eighteen years, and has accommodations for 150 guests. Being an old-established house, its patrons are among the leading citizens of all parts of the country, thus making the so- cial life delightful throughout the season. The house is furnished in modern style, rooms single or en suite, well ventilated and supplied with the best electric annunci- ators, bath-rooms, and other modern improvements. The par- lors are large and handsomely furnished. Steam heat has been introduced and extended throughout the house, so that the cool and rainy days never bring the chilly air to any part of the establishment. Many of the rooms are also supplied with open wood fire-places. The dining-room is very commodious and cheerful, and will seat over one hundred guests. The children's ordinary supplies a separate dining-room for chil- dren and nurses. The cuisine is excellent, and the mode of ser- vice unexcelled. Address M. B. Huestis, manager, Saratoga Springs, N, Y. 25 ■s-ski g - o h & 2g~^ . mik •»' ti department co 11 as treatment. D. (N.Y.), Rev. , Ex Gov's Wells rew Theol. Sem equaDy well kno it* -V//I fan lass, tion i . Ker Robe Butt ny ot iSfflffliS ** 1 1 iffllTnWi m Til ° SsSSa'S tents and Rev. ster, Pres. PP, ai IlBIHl w R*i -£ -« niHil h tiiiiif & MHflK 1 h ££*§£* gcgRoi .Su- fi «&>q*h2 o> p, & o ail mi 8*11*1(1 W a a « j-q^ *3 o> a cs «> M « fcsS«K.-§Q W .£ co pj .3 5-3 O "0 . . » Pi - 3H P-i a» * §Hfi c 3 CHAPTER IV. INSTITUTIONS AND BOARDING-HOUSES. The institutions and boarding-houses of Saratoga afford excel lent accommodations, at moderate prices, and are decidedly home like and healthful. Many of them have beautiful lawns for cro- quet and out-door sports, and are very attractive in their external surroundings, while the prices for board are very moderate. The institutions for the special treatment of diseases in Sara- toga are few, but one or two are recognized by the medical fraternity as quite superior, and are certainly well supplied with medical appliances, and under competent management. We call attention especially to Drs. Strong's Remedial Institute. This excellent institution is pleasantly located on Circular street, the most beautiful avenue in Saratoga, within five minutes easy walk of the great hotels, Congress Spring Park, Ha! horn and the principal springs, and other sources of attraction. It is just retired enough for rest, and just near enough to all the whirl. The institution has the table, appointments and elegance of a first-class hotel. Its bath department compares favorably w ith the best metropolitan establishments, and offers the only oppor- tunity in Saratoga for obtaining Turkish, Russian, Roman and Electro-thermal baths. Abundant facilities are afforded fo.- recreation and amusement, comprising organ, pianos, parlor entertainments, fine croquet ground, gymnasium, etc. A marked and very pleasant feature of the house is its genial cultured society anJ homelike sociability. It is the summer resort of many eminent persons for rest and recreation. Among its patrons are Rev. Theo. L. Cuyler, D.D. (B'klyn), Rev. Chas: F. Deems, D.D. (N. Y.), Rev. Jos. R. Kerr, D.D. (N. Y.), Rev. C. C. ("Chaplain") McCabe, D.D., Rev. D. K. Pierce, D.D. (Zions Herald) ; Bishops Simpson, Foster, Peck, Robertson; Prest. Roswell D. Hitchcock, D.D. (Union Theol. Sem.), Prest. H. A. Buttz, D.D. (Drew Theol. Sem.), Prest. Cyrus Hamlin, D.D. (Middleburg) ; Ex-Govs. Wells, (Va.), Page, 20 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. (Vt.), Boardman,(W. Va.) ; Judges Reynolds, (B'klyn), Drake, (Washington), Bliss, (Mo.) ; Prof. Benj. N. Martin, LL.D. (N. Y. Univ.), T. Sterry Hunt, LL.D, (Cantab); Med. Profs. Armor, (B'klyn), Ross, (Chicago), Knapp, (N. Y.) ; and many others. Saratoga Springs should have an institution managed by educated physicians, where professional advice with able and constant medical supervision can be obtained. Such is Dr. Strong's Remedial Institute. A casual observer would not suspect its medical character from anything seen in or about it, as there is no appearance of invalidism, and its prominent features are those of a first-class family hotel. The proprietors have received a classical education, and are graduates of the Medical Department of the University of the City of New York. The institution is endorsed and largely patronized by the medical profession. Its ample halls, parlor, dining, bath and other public rooms are heated by steam, while its extensive piazzas and gymnasium afford opportunities for exercise. In addition to the ordinary remedial agents available in general practice are such special appliances as Turkish, Russian, Roman, Electro-thermal, and every variety of hydrophatic baths, Galvanic and Faradic Electricity, Vacuum Treatment, Movement Cure, Inhalation ; Medicated Oxygen, Compressed and Rarified air, Health Lift, Calisthenics, Mineral Waters, etc., so that the in- stitution is furnished with every appliance requisite for the treatment of Nervous, Lung, Female and other chronic diseases. The dry, uniform and bracing climate, together with the cathartic, tonic, diuretic, alkaline and alterative mineral waters, form attractions which bring invalids here at all seasons of the year. Physicians recognize the importance of the mineral waters in many courses of treatment. The danger from their in- discriminate use cannot be too strongly emphasized, as much of their efficacy and marvelous power over disease is due to their proper administration and if ignorantly used they may become as potent agents for harm as they should be for good. Over twenty years' professional observation and experiencee minently qualify the Drs. Strong to give advice in regard to them. The advan- tage of a well regulated hygiene institution so completely equipped and under the able management of regularly educated physicians are obvious. Circulars sent on application. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Irving Hotel Xs located centrally on the west side of Broadway between Division and Church Streets. Convenient to all the springs. Has fifty excellent rooms newly furnished and the proprietors, Messrs. Burrows & Moore give satisfaction to their patrons. Open all the year at popular prices. Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary. This excellent institution is situated in the eastern part of the village, on what was formerly called Temple Hill, and in the midst of Temple Grove. The grounds occupy the whole square on Spring Street, between Circular and Regent Streets. It is under the efficient management of Prof. Chas. F. Dowd, a grad- uate of Yale College, and affords fine advantages for a complete and solid education. During the long vacation from June to September, the building is opened as a summer resort. Broadway Hall. This celebrated boarding-house is beautifully located a little up Broadway, and on higher ground than any other boarding- house in the place, and consequently is airy and healthy. It is surrounded by a lawn of about an acre, and in the midst of mag- nificent shade-trees, on one of the finest avenues in this country, and is within ten minutes' walk of all the principal springs. No other house in town has as great a proportion of high, large, well ventilated, and pleasant rooms. The proprietor, Mr. W. J. Riggs, is one of Saratoga's well-known hotel keepers, and has had several years' experience in his business, and spares no effort to make the Broadway worthy of the liberal patronage which it receives from the best class of people. Howland House Is a new and excellent boarding house on North Broadway, nearly opposite the Waverly House and Mt. McGregor Railway Depot. It is one of the finest boarding houses in Saratoga, and is in the most charming part of the most beautiful avenue of the village. The house has a very fine piazza fronting Broadway and commanding a delightful view. The proprietor, Mr. J. Howland, is one of Saratoga's most respected citizens, and has had several years' experience in caring for summer boarders. 28 SARATOGA. ILLUSTRATED, The Circular Street House, At number 93 Circular Street, between Phila and Spring, is on the most beautiful street in Saratoga, near the large hotels, the famous Congress and Hathorn Springs, and Congress Spring Park. It is a large, first-class boarding-house, with many mod- ern improvements, and open from June 1st to October 1st. It is kept in excellent style, at very reasonable prices, by Mr. J. Pal- mer, who owns the property and conducts the boarding-house. The Continental Hotel Is centrally located on Washington street, west of Grand Union Hotel, and within five minutes' walk of the principal springs and hotels. This hotel has large and airy rooms, well shaded piazzas, and is under the experienced management of M. E. & C. E. Knapp. During the past winter the Continental has been put in complete order, and rooms en suite can be furnished for fam- ilies, which are also very convenient for transient guests. Satis- factory accommodations at reasonable prices. Elmwood Hall. This boarding-house is located in a quiet, shady spot, near the center of the village, one block from Broadway. It is near all the Springs. The rooms are large and pleasant, and some are connected to accommodate families. Important improvements have been made in and around Elmwood Hall, which will add much to the comfort of guests. Mr. Potter, the proprietor, spares no pains to make the place what everybody who comes to Sara- toga seeks — a pleasant home. Terms, $1.25 to $2.25 per day, or $7.00 to $12.00 per week during the season. The house is open throughout the year. For further particulars, address Emory Potter, Saratoga Springs, New York. Waverly Hotel. This beautifully located family hotel is situated on North Broadway, near Hilton's Woodlawn Park, Mount McGregor R. R. depot, and all the principal springs. The hotel this year is under the management of G. C. Root, and, owing to the central location and quiet surroundings, the Waverly is a first-class family hotel, combining as it does all the conveniences of a first-class house, with the comforts and privacy of a home. Rates are moderate, and no pains will be spared by Mr. Root to make the stay of his guests at the Waverly memorable to those who seek rest. 29 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Pitney House, On Congress Street, is one of the largest and best boarding-houses in Saratoga. It has accommodations for over one hundred guests, and is kept by Mr. J. Pitney, who has a large farm of about 175 acres, from which he supplies the table with fruit, vegetables, milk and cream, fresh from the farm twice a day. In this im- portant feature of a boarding-house, the Pitney has a very great advantage over other houses which depend upon the supplies in the village markets. Over three hundred quarts of milk and cream are daily furnished to the guests of this house during the season. Many of the guests are old patrons, who have boarded at this house every season for years, and who appreciate the luxu- ries which this house places before its guests at the table. Two neat cottages on the grounds adjoining the house, are rented to such as desire more seclusion than the large house affords. We commend the Pitney as a first-class boarding-house. Holden House, C. H. Holden, proprietor, is situated on Broadway, three doors north of the United States Hotel, in the most central part of the village, and near all the principal springs. It is built of "brick and can accommodate 100 to 125 guests. Twenty new rooms have been added and the whole house refurnished. Its central location and moderate prices for board make the Holden House a very desirable hotel for visitors who seek real comfort without extravagance. Excellent accommodations at reasonable prices. Linwood, S. M. Van Deusen, proprietor, is an excellent boarding-house, on South Broadway, opposite the Windsor Hotel and the Hues- tis House. It has equal advantages of location with those excel- lent houses, being on the great drive and promenade of the vil- lage, and near the Congress, Columbian, Hathorn and Washing- ton Springs, the Congress Spring Park, the large hotels and other prominent attractions. The Linwood is supplied with electric annunciators, and the dining-room has been greatly enlarged and improved. This house has been entirely rebuilt in the Queen Anne style of architecture, making it one of the most attractive houses on South Broadway. The rooms are large and airy, and furnished in modern style, with modern conveniences on each floor. Guests will be well entertained at the Linwood. 30 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Mansion House, A favorite summer boarding-house, is situated on Spring Avenue, within a few rods of Excelsior and Union Springs. It is in the midst of the beautiful Excelsior Park, and is surrounded with a large and handsome lawn, well covered with tall forest trees. Many of the most refined and wealthy families of our great cities spend the summer months here, attracted by its proximity to the Excelsior, Union, and White Sulphur Springs, the beauty of its surroundings, and the superior style in which the house is kept. Within the park are several cottages, and families occupying them and wishing to avoid the annoyance of cooks and cooking, can obtain their meals at the Mansion House, thus combining the comforts and privacy of home, with the ease and freedom from care of summer boarding. The Commercial Hotel Stands on the corner of Church and Matilda Streets and Railroad Place. It is open all the year. 31 SARATOCA ILLUSTRATED. HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES IN SARATOGA SPRINGS. Names. Location. §1 Proprietors. 200 100 50 50 300 200 50 80 60 75 60 40 200 75 600 30 250 40 200 1500 80 100 200 50 75 75 2000 100 25 100 75 150 75 400 75 50 20 50 50 40 80 80 100 100 50 75 50 50 200 50 150 45 50 Wm. H. McCaffrey. D. Tillotson Gale. C. H. Tefft Front Street J H. Mesick Farnham & Bush. Arlington Hotel Balch, W. S W. S. Balch Barnard House Franklin Street S. E. Benedict Bates House Circular Street Broadway Hall North Broadway W. J. Riggs. J. Hine. Mrs. Chas. Carpenter Mrs. Knapp. Broadway House Carpenter House Broadway, cor. Grove St. . . Cot. Union ave. & Circular. Washington Street Harris & Losekam. Miss R. A. Cranmer. Columbian Place Commercial Hotel Congress Hall Cor. Broadway & Lake ave. Church and R. R. Place. ... R. D. McDonald. Bryant & Hinckley, Clement & Cox. Emory Potter. Elm wood Hall Front Street Empire Hotel Everett House Front and Rock Streets. . . . South Broadway Foley, James South Broadway Jas. Foley. Franklin House.. . . Church Street Grand Union Hotel . . . Henry Clair. Hamilton's Med. Inst. . Franklin Street Hart, J. S. Rev Circular Street Rev. J. S. Hart Holden House North Broadway C. H. Holden Howland House North Broadway Huestis House M B. Huestis Irving House Kensington Union Ave. near Circular. . South Broadway Washington, cor. Franklin Near oor. Circular & Caroline J. H. Rodgers. S. M. Van Deusen. Lin wood House Mabie House Magee, Mrs. Austin. . . . Manor House Mrs. A. Magee. Chas. F. Wood Mansion House Morey House Spring av. n. Excelsior Sp'g. Franklin Street R. S. & F. J. Moscrip. Mrs. S. L. Morey. Osborn House Oakwood Front and Vandam Streets. Orr House Mrs. A. D. Orr. Pitney House Pleasant Home Congress Street Federal Street J. Pitney. L. P. Sawyer. S. E. Wing. Mrs. J. P. Scoville. N. Waterbury. Drs. Strong. Rossiter House Scoville House Spencer House Cor. Phila & Regents Cor. Henry & Phila Sts . . . . Matilda Street Strong's Remedial Inst. Circular Street Summit House Matilda Street Temple Grovo Sem .... C. F. Dowd. Thorn, S. B Mrs. Thorn. Trim, Mrs Phila Street Broadway Front and Grove Sts Mrs TT P Trim United States Hotel Vermont House Washington Hall 2000J Tompkins, Gage k Co. 120 Mrs. Dyer. 100 A. J. Starr. Waverly Hotel 150 G. C. Root. Wayland Mansion 30 Mrs. M. A.Root.rdon. White Street Mansion. . "Wilder House White Street 109 Front Street 40 50 300 Mrs. A. M. Hunting- Miss H. S. Coudrey. Windsor Hotel 32 CHAPTER V. THE SPRINGS. Scientific and medical writers, during the many years tha the Mineral Springs of Saratoga have been known, have fully reported upon their history, probable origin, and their chemfbal properties. A vast fund of information has been collected foi the benefit of invalids, and others who visit them, and the total result may be examined in such detail as seems useful and desir- able. Saratoga Springs, as a popular resort, has steadily grown in favor from year to year ; and its magnificent prosperity must have some substantial and enduring foundation, or it would have faded into obscurity long since, before the unreasoning caprice of fashion. Its springs are the secret of its success. Its min- eral waters flow in exhaustless abundance from year to year , and, though given away freely to all who care to ask for them, and, in bottles or barrels, sent to every State, and half over Europe, they run to waste in couutless thousands of gallons. (Jpon these free-flowing rivers, bubbling from the hillside, or spouting in snow-white fountains half a hundred feet into the air, Saratoga has built her faith and her hotels, and has not been disappointed. While the waters flow, Saratoga will flour- ish and bloom in all the glory of splendid palaces. Added to these are the natural beauties of the juace, and the quite as pleasing results that have sprung from mingled art and nature. The valley in which the springs are found extends in a cres cent shape from Ballston Spa to Quaker Springs, a distance of gome seventeen miles. The village of Saratoga Springs ia located in the vary center of this valley, and includes all th« most valuable and the most varied of these na tural fountains. 33 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Source of the Springy. Geological and scientific people have spent much time in see\ Ing to explain the origin or source of these waters. Rainwater Is the usual source of spring-waters. It soaks down through porous soils and rocks till it meets clay, or harder rocks, imper- vious to fluids. It then, often under great pressure, follows such outlets as it may find, and eventually escapes upward to the sur face through some fault or rift in the rocks. On its way it absorbs saline and other mineral substances and gases, and, loaded with them, it reaches the surface, charged in varying proportions, and having a fixed character as mineral water. These proportions do not change materially ; and from year to year the waters flow unchanged, and produce on all who drink of them the same general effects. A good authority on the geological aspect reports that "the northern half of Saratoga County is occupied by elevated ranges of Laurentian rocks. The Potsdam, Calciferous, and Trenton beds border upon the Laurentian, and appear in parallel bands through the central part of the county. In the southern part they are covered by slate-rocks. " The Laurentian rocks, consisting of highly crystalline gneiss, granite, and syenite, are almost impervious to water, while the overlying Potsdam is very porous, and capable of holding large quantities. The spouting springs and deep wells in the southern part of the county — Geyser, Ballston, etc. — are found in the Potsdam sandstone, which, being covered in these places by the slate-rocks and shales, is of great depth." From the surface downwards the strata are as follows : 1. Hudson River and Utica shales and slates ; 2. Trenton lime- stone ; 3. Calciferous sand-rock ; 4. Potsdam sandstone ; 5. Lau- rentian formation of unknown depth. Of these the Laurentian alone is impervious to water, and forms the bottom or floor of the cistern which feeds the springs. The dip of the strata is to the south. In the northern part of the county are elevated ranges of Laurentian rock ; thence going southward the sue* cessive strata crop out parallel to one another, until the village of Saratoga ia reached. Here a fault occurs, the rocks being 34 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. fissured to a great depth, and the strata to the south of the fissure being elevated above the corresponding rocks on the northern side of the cleft. The water percolating through the more porous strata, and finding its way southward along the floor oi Laurentian rock, is checked here, and the surplus forced to the surface. The various springs are the outlets of this obstructed water, and their peculiarities and differences are doubtless ac- quired from the rock and soil through which they reach the surface. The carbonic acid gas held in the water doubtless aids it in finding an outlet to the surface. Being confined under pressure, it seeks to escape, and brings the water with it. If shut ofl for a moment, the gas will collect in the top of the pipe-wells in such quantities, and under such pressure, as to blow a steam- whistle. These geological facts have led to the supposition that the waters can be obtained by boring through the slates to the underlying sandstone, and in the case of some of the springs this has proved true, and remarkable supplies have been ob- tained. The Temperature of the Water Does not vary more than a degree or so in the year, and, in the case of the Congress and Columbian, is 49° Fahr. Other springs are slightly lower or higher, and all are cool and agreeable in warm weather. The Appearance and Properties of the Water. When first dipped from the wells, the water is limpid and pearly, and full of bubbles. That from the spouting wells gushes forth in creamy whiteness, and resembles soda-water in color and action. The gas quickly escapes, and the still water has a won- derful purity. When allowed to stand open in a glass or un- corked bottle, the transparent water becomes cloudy, a fine white skin forms on the surface, and, in a time, a reddish-brown precipi- tate is formed. A glass left empty, and not properly wiped dry, becomes coated with a white film of salts ; and round the base of the spouting wells a white incrustation soon forms on the ground, where the spray shivers and spatters on the stones. Left U 35 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. ■tagnate on the ground, the water soon becomes covered with t mineral film, that shines with metallic luster and colors, and re- Bembling the tints formed by coal-oils on water. The brook and marsh near the Star Spring show many samples of this curioui natural deposit. In cooking, the spring waters are worse than useless, unless made into that great American insanity known as " hot cakes." None but the stupid ever eat them. The first taste of the waters is not always lovely. After the first blush, the water becomes exceedingly enjoyable and one is tempted to indulge too freely in the pungent, acidulous and salty mixture. The after-effects resemble those of soda-water, and, if a large quantity is taken, there follows a sense of fullness, perhaps a slight giddiness in the head and a desire for sleep. These symptoms are only slight, and are soon removed by the discharges that follow ; and afterward there comes increased appetite and a feeling of comfortable serenity that is very satisfactory. The various waters, when fresh, have a slightly different taste, and after due experiment one can readily discriminate between them. The iron waters have a slightly inky flavor, and some others leave a sweet taste in the mouth. The gas that bubbles from the sur- face of the water is fatal to animal life if taken in too large quan- tities, and it is said that fish cannot live in the water. A whiff of the gas blown in one's face acts as hartshorn, and gives a prickling sensation to the nose, that is supposed to be agreeable — to those who like it. The gas, though suffocating to the lungs when inhaled, is harmless in the water. The Commercial Value Of the springs is a fair measure of their medicinal value. Prop- erty in mineral springs is costly. They are difficult to manage, they deinaud many thousands to properly tube them, and a good bottling plant involves a very large outlay. The more recent wells that have been bored are somewhat less expensive, bat even a small tube costs $6 a foot, and, as some of the pipes are three hundred feet deep, it is easy to see that mineral springs at the best are expensive pieces of property. Most of the springs are owned and managed by joint-stock companies, with a capital Varying from a hundred thousand dollars to a milli;n or more. 3G SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Somt springs have proved anything but fountains of financial joy to their owners. Thousands of dollars have slipped into the salty tubes and never come back again. Other springs waste their acidity on the desert sand, and only dogs and cattle drink their slime-covered waters. The only profit that results from the springs is found in the sale of the water, in bottles and bar- rels, in distant places. At Saratoga Springs one may drink all one pleases, and carry it away by the pailful for the asking, or an optional fee to the dipper-boy. The outlook for the spring- water business is said to be good in spite of the disasters that have overtaken some of the spring companies. The demand for pure natura mineral waters is steadily increasing. People are beginning to know the difference between the villainous com- pounds mixed in city cellars with marble dust, gas, and sea- water salts, and the pure, limpid, and pearly waters that here spring up to the sunlight from Nature's great laboratory. There is a sort of free fight going on between the chemical waters and the spring waters, and sensible people are rapidly learning which side to take, and are becoming cautious which they drink. There is no need to be deceived, even in distant cities, as the pro- tected trade-marks on the corks of all the bottles show the real spring- waters of whatever kind, and this, with the marks on the boxes and bottles, ought to make one safe in buying a half- dozen, even if one lives in England, Australia or California. Another curious feature in this connection is the fact that no mixture, however skillfully put together, can exactly imitate the natural waters, nor can any mineral water from the chemists ever produce so good results as the same quantity of true spring- water. This is one reason why people flock to Saratoga in such vast crowds. They wish to select for themselves, and to use their own particular goblets, and to know certainly whereof they drink. Concerning the chemical and medical properties of the Sara- toga waters, a trustworthy authority may be quoted : " The principal constituents which give the special character to the cathartic springs are bicarbonates of magnesia and soda, and chloride of sodium ; the tonic waters, bicarbonate of iron ; the alterative wat9rs, iodide of sodium, chloride of potassium and 37, SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. •odiurn, etc. ; the diuretic waters, bicarbonate of litliia and pm feoxide of hydrogen. "CARBONIC ACID, "The spirit of the springs, not only contributes to the solubility of the salts contained in the waters, but also renders them more palatable and more agreeable to the stomach. It is the perfect solution of the ingredients which renders the water valuable. When once the gas has been driven off, and the water evaporated, ten times the quantity of rain water will not re-dissolve the salts. The strongest chalybeates of Europe are the least used, because they lack gas, and are hence heavy and unpalatable The strongest known in the whole world, the Acqua Ferrara de Rio, in the Island of Elba, is entirely useless for medicinal pur- poses. The mineral waters of Saratoga contain more gas ihan any of the spas of Germany. " Carbonic acid, being united with the vegetable alkali, forms our common saleratus ; hence the reason why our cooks furnish a well-raised cake, merely by mixing flour with a solution of pot- ash and sour milk. Here the acid of the milk, from a greater ' attraction,' joins itself to the alkali, liberating the carbonic acid gas, which, being driven off by the heat, puffs up every particle of dough. In the same way foaming lemonade, more delicious than soda, is made by adding lemon juice to the mineral waters of Saratoga. " In mineral waters, carbonic acid is found in three different states. It is either 'bound' to certain bases, with which it forms carbonates — from these the gas does not escape when it is heated— ox it is ' half-bound ' or ' fixed,' forming sesquicar- bonates or bicarbonates, from which compounds part of the gas Is disengaged as soon as the water comes in contact with the air, and still more rapidly when it is heated ; so that certain salts, ouly soluble as bicarbonates, and insoluble as carbonates, are pre- cipitated as soon as the surplus atoms of carbonic acid are gone Finally, it is contained in the waters * free,' as gas, which escapet at the ordinary temperature, as soon as the water rises out of the earth, and the pressure under which it was held in the interioi ceases. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. * 4 Before a storm, it has been noticed that more gas is evolved because the density of the air affects the atmospheric pressure " The gas seems only to travel through some of the springs, while others are very firmly impregnated with it. " Bicarbonate of magnesia is a mild laxative and a gooc palliative in acid or sour stomach, heart-burn, and sick headache, especially if the person is constipated. " Bicarbonate of soda first diminishes the secretions, and subsequently increases them, the urine being most susceptible to its influence. It increases the alkalinity of the blood and of thp secretion, and some physiologists tell us that it reduces the quan tity of fibrin in the blood. "Carbonate of iron increases the number of red corpuscles in the blood, stimulates the appetite, and excites the heart's action. It has a tendency to constipate. " Chloride of sodium forms part of every tissue of the bodj except, perhaps* the enamel of the teeth. It increases the solu bility of the albumen of the blood, and prevents a too rapid de struction of the red corpuscles. It increases the flow of the gas trie juice and bile, and promotes the interchange of the fluids in the body, which physiologists call osmosis. It augments the quantity of urine secreted. It is also known to exercise a marked influence on the growth of the hair. When an animal does not receive a proper quantity of salt, the hair becomes rough and wiry. In too large quantities it causes irritation of the stomach and intestines. " Chloride of potassium is common to the blood and to cer- tain tissues, as the muscles and the red discs, while the chloride of sodium exists in the serum. Congress water contains eight grains of chloride of potassium, a similar proportion to that found in the blood. Its medicinal action is analogous to that of chlo ride of sodium. " The other important ingredients are bicarbonate of lit hia, the iodides and bromides, the bicarbonate of lime, etc. The great problem among physicians is how to cause their medicines to be absorbed when taken into the system. Many of the in- ^redients of mineral springs would be almost inert in a state oi powder, but when held in solution in mineral water are admitted 39 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. to the inner coats of all the blood-vessels, and are powerfu alteratives of the entire system, as the experiments of Dr. Beau mont have clearly shown. " There are two methods of testing an agent that is to be in - troduced into the materia medica, viz. : By careful watching and recording the therapeutical effects of the article on individuals, and by chemical analysis. The latter criterion is probably a more fallacious guide than is generally supposed. How often has the practitioner been surprised at the augmented 01 diminished effect of some off-hand combination, that would be wholly unlooked for by estimating the separate agency of each article. So of mineral waters. Chemical analysis cannot decide the exact medicinal effects of a new spring independently of a faithful observation of its operations ; for many medicines, such as oxide of iron, carbonate of iron, phosphorus, etc., pass through the alimentary passages with very little absorption. "THE ANALYSES ' Which we present herewith have been made* by Professor C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of the Columbia School of Mines. " The analyses which Dr. Chandler has furnished have been prepared with great labor, care, and expense, and are the only ones which represent the waters as they are to-day. " The minerals are contained in the spas as salts. Chemical analysis, however, merely shows the elements, the acids, and the bases which are present in the water, but not the mode of their combination. It has, therefore, often happened that if several chemists have analyzed the same spas, and found the same ingredients, the tabular view of the contents given by them have nevertheless been different, as they adopted different mo4e# of combination. 40 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. ho O C. O G* . CI t- o »5 O; 00 OthS'S' 00Or-Jd2«3^O »ft CO r-lin>-icO .«D(N 0> 45 CPCO 0) ; g g ?3^; as Eh££ ri OrH_ wont-i -fflTCNa .looiftt- /OJio • w 0!B010Uff«HUXiBOOOeOrH« Iff* ■ ■ ?3 I »«: *££ _ *<0 0) Eh Eh © cow . JO TTO S bio ■§ ft ! cs i-i c5 £ i-4 rt d o 2 »^ i w I t-io Eh Eh oa =3 ft >>COJ oo ro i-> -t ajowtc-sirHf-T-i © o«s*w cOWWCOfoOSM o o o co o wcj w'd gdj-JoJoo'de*©'© 2 2 So 2 rtio -00 • too -O* • > CO O • • lO • • • lojoai •!-( • • co icoou •©» • • o 2ti US Sft I* octo-j . © i-h -# ®«wo o © © c; co o © i- 1- © o n< i-h 2^'dd g et ci CO t- >C © 0> 53 t* X) »-< 0> 0> ^ 4) OS "*Och ol-lrl-W UC6MCOOO U»o | CO o'odoco g^'o^oo lOooo 2 2=5 2 I © O 6E . S.-S M C8 O a a. Oar ;§3 8S id 2«o Eh tWONMt-WO .0005 . C> — t- GO cC t}i 10 7-1 45 >0 © 0) tooioooewo orrco o fc^eotjoeidddgo'dg 3s !1 E.2. la :| : £3 'us 9 o o o 00 ft OC; S.2.- « 53 f a>4>4)a>a>t«o i ^ « rt"S"Srt « °2 o o o S 4>»~ a - O ej PC O O O O O w , JO ,e ,f> ,fi £> & * -^ * as a3 ss 03 si cs fto O 41 .L nr* *S>»^ ci co SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED lit fl3H_ cam'* « ! th • t- eo to 5tCt-tO ©i-l C5QOO o ^ « c ; • • • w • • * 03 • • • 03 • c3 03 • -o3 •"• • *" • OCWt.OeO(-»OO. t 'M^ r f-ffltBH>e*c*iei _;•<* „••<<_' iff.OlO 8™ i*o» „?__<_>_? ,;2wt* « 2? <» .jcsoso •»«o^« poo^icgioeoT-jgcoS^iS^towSSSsiaooSSo g°?ei ! jO-g^O-OO-J p-g ga a 9 o I ♦J o II © »* i sill wc o iS3«w _____ :gS2 S •o» w O *"S_3 S S S £©W^fc©t C" fl P a fl ©- 1 a a a a £ t, a> a> a> a> ' " tycbobflW >>>>(* > H M M M 8 1 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Medicinal Action Of mineral waters differs in almost every respect from that Oj cathartics and diuretics, or eliminators in the materia medica. Medicines frequently act by counter-irritation, curing one organ by exciting and irritating another. Ordinary cathartics, diuretics, and diaphoretics are composed of substances foreign to the sys- tem, and they act partly by their poisonous effects. The most important ingredients of the Saratoga waters are natural to the body, and are also powerful oxydizers of the disintegrated tissues' carrying out of the body the waste matter. Mineral waters are similar to tht blood, minus its organic constituents, and are true restorative medicines, as well as powerful modifiers of the tissues themselves ; and these properties, and their gentle mode of ac- tion, constitute no small degree of their extraordinary merit. " Saratoga water is a cholagogue in its properties — that is, it stimulates the action of the liver, and promotes the excretion of bile. Certain matters are secreted by that organ, which, if al- lowed to remain in the system, produce such diseases as jaun- dice. A great number of intestinal diseases and blood disorders are associated with derangements of the functions of the liver. " The waters are not only laxative or aperient, but are also diuretic, antacid, deobstruent, alterative, and tonic. " They increase the force of the heart and arteries, promote di- gestion, favor the action of the nutrient vessels, increase the peristaltic movement of the bowels, cleanse the system through the granular organs, and impart strength and vigor." The Diseases Affected by the Waters Are numerous. To give a list in detail would be useless and confusing, and perhaps harmful. There is but one course to pursue in drinking the spring waters for the health's sake. Consult a resident physician, let him make a diagnosis of your case, and, under his advice, select the particular spring of most value to you, and govern yourself, in all tilings, by his experienct and acquaintance with the waters. The medical staff of Saratoga Springs is excellent, and one may rely on thoir abilitv to assist 43 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. and direct. A great many people make the mistake, upon their first visit to Saratoga Springs, of drinking promiscuously at a number of springs, and in such large quantities as to prove actually injurious rather than beneficial. To receive benefit from a use of of these waters, they must be used discreetly and judiciously> and not to excess. Above all, do not be led away by the gratuitous advice of persons who have been benefitted by these waters, but who are not possessed of sufficient medical knowlege to give a reason for their belief in any particular spring. Concerning the directions for their use, much the same thing may be said. As well try to give advice in making prescriptions for the general public. Each user of these healing waters must in a measure, be a law unto himself. To drink any and all of the waters would be simply unreasonable. Seek proper advice, and then follow it, and be not led aside by the enthusiasm of some invalid who, having been restored to health by some par- ticular spring, thinks it a cure for all diseases, whether they are allied to his special case or not. To persons in perfectly good health the waters do no particular harm, even if indulged in freely. At the same time, there is reason in all things, and if one is really unwell, there is but one thing to do— consult a medical man. The late Dr. Steel wrote in 1837 : " The waters are so generally used, and their effects so seldom injurious, particularly to persons in health, that almost every one who has ever drank of them assumes the prerogative of directing their use to others. Were these directions always the result of careful experience and observation they would be less objectionable ; but there are numerous persons who flock about the springs without any positive knowledge of the composition and effect of the waters, who contrive to dispose of their directions, many times to the detriment of those who desire to be benefited, but who are thua disappointed in the use of the water." In speaking of springs in detail, they will be taken in alpha betical order, as being the most convenient. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Congress Spring. This spring is located in Congress Spring Park, opposite tht southern end of Congress Hall. There is an artistic and very beautiful pavilion built over it to protect visitors from sun and rain. The principal entrance to the spring-house is at the grand entrance to the Park, near Broadway. On entering the Park, turn to the left, pass along the arbor-like colonnade to the pa- vilion about the spring, where seats are provided, and the spring water, drawn by a novel process, is served upon small tables by the attendants. Visitors will find this method of obtaining the waters far more agreeable than the old way followed at the other springs, as they can partake leisurely while seated, without being jostled by the crowd, and enjoy the beautiful view of the Park and the delightful music by the Park Band. By descending a few steps to the east, along the colonnade to the cafe, hot coffee and other refreshments may be obtained at moderate prices. Admission to the Park is regulated by tickets, for which a merely nominal charge is made ; but access to the spring can be obtained on Congress Street, without entering the Park, and the waters are served free of charge. Congress Spring is more generally known and used than any of the other Saratoga springs, and has probably effected more cuies of the diseases for which its waters are a specific, than any other mineral spring in America. It was discovered in 1792. The waters were first bottled for exportation in 1823, by Dr. John Clarke, of New York, who purchased the spring from the Living- ston family, who held it under an ancient grant. The property was purchased of Dr. Clarke's executors in 18C5, by the "Con- gress and Empire Spring Company," the present proprietors. The medicinal effects of Congress water have been tested fox nearly a century, and its use is prescribed by physicians, with the utmost confidence, after long knowledge of its great efficacy, and the entire comfort and safety with which it may be used. To pro- fessional men and others whose occupations are sedentary, and to all sufferers from the various forms of bilious disorders, it is in- raluable. It contains of the laxative salts (chloride of sodium Mid bicarbonate of magnesia) enough to render its effects certain 45 CONGRESS SPRING PAVILION. ERECTED, 1876. •AJtATOGA ILLUSTRATED. without the addition or use of cathartic drugs ; and it produces fret and copious evacuations without in any manner debilitating th« alimentary canal or impairing the digestive powers of the stom- ach. At the same time it does not contain an excess of those salts, the presence of which in the cruder mineral waters, nativ« and foreign, often renders them drastic and irritating, producing very serious disorders. In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Spring, Prof. C. F. Chandler remarks, that "the superior excellence of this water is due to the fact that it contains, in the most desirable proportions, those substances which produce its agreeable flavor and satisfactory medicinal effects — neither holding them in excess nor lacking any constituent to be desired in this class of waters. As a cathartic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recommend it above all others, many of which contain so much of this ingredient as to seriously impair their usefulness." Prof. Chandler also remarks, that a comparison of his analysis with thai by Dr. John H. Steel, in 1832, proves that the Congress water ■till retains its original strength, and all the virtues which estab- lished its well-merited reputation. ANALYSIS OP CONGRESS SPRING WATER, BY PROP. C. P. CHANDLER. One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains : Chloride of Sodium. 400.444 grains. Bromide of Sodium 8.569 grains. Chloride of Potassium . . . 8.049 Bicarbonate of Magnesia. 121.757 Bicarbonate of Lime. . . .143.399 Bicarbonate of Lithia . . . 4.761 Bicarbonate of Soda 10.775 Bicarbonate of Baryta ... 0.928 Bicarbonate of Iron 0.340 Iodide of Sodium 0.138 *• Sulphate of Potassa 0.889 «• Phosphate of Soda 0. 016 •* Silica 0.840 " Fluoride of Calcium, \ Biborate of Soda, I each a trace. Alumina, \ Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace. Total 70C.895 grains Carbonic Acid Gas 392.289 cubic inchea, It should be remembered that this water is never sold in bar- rels. Genuine Congress water is sold only in bottles. In thii form it is sent to almost every part of the world, and its name if % household word. 46 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Columbian Spring. This spring is located in Congress Spring Park, just vest of the park entrance and a little nearer Broadway. It is covered by the beautiful and artistic pavilion, and is approached through the park entrance to the right, or down a few steps from Broadway opposite Columbian Hotel. The spring is owned by the Congres* and Empire Spring Company. It is a fine chalybeate mineral water, and possesses singularly active properties in certain diseases. It is said to be especially valuable in liver complaints, dyspepsia, erysipelas, and all cutaneous disorders. As a tonic water for fre- quent use, no spring in Saratoga is so popular as the Columbian. The water is recommended to be drank in small quantities fre- quently during the day, generally preceded by the use of the cathartic waters taken before breakfast. Only from one -half to one glass should be taken at a time. When taken in large quan- tities, or before breakfast, a peculiar headache is experienced. The proper use of this water will strengthen the tone of the ^tomach, and tend to increase the red particles of the blood which, according to Liebeg, perform an important part in respira- tion. Though containing but 5.58 grains of iron in each gallon, this water has a perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so great a power of affecting the palate should possess equally potent influ- ence upon the whole system? The happy medicinal effects of these iron waters seem to consist, to some extent, in the minute division of the mineral properties, so that they are readily taken into the system. The water is exported largely, and descriptive pamphlets, containing full directions for drinking the water, may be obtained at the Company's office opposite Congress Spring. ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIAN WATERS, BY PROF. E. EMMONS. Specific gravity 1007.3. Solid and gaseous contents as follows : Chloride of Sodium 267.00 grains. Bicarbonate of Soda 15. 40 " Bicaroonate of Magnesia. 46.71 *• Hydriodate of Soda 2.06 M Solid contents in a gallon 407.30 Carbon!; Acid Gas 272.06 inches. Atanofphcric Air 4.50 *» Carbonate of Lime 68.00 grain* Carbonate of Iron 6.68 " Silex 2.05 « Hy'o-Bro'ate of Potash scarcely a trace. 278.18 inch**, 47 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Empire Spring. This spring, one of the best in Saratoga, is located in the nortk part of the shallow valley that runs through the village. To reach it from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north to the first street north of Town Hall ; then to the right, tnen left, through Front Street, down the hill, to the large bottling-house at the foot Df the hill. This spring is in a pavilion before the building. For full information concerning this spring, call at the office of the Congress and Empire Spring Company, near Congress Hall. Although the existence of mineral water in this locality wat known for a long time, it was not until 1846 that any one thought it worth the necessary expense of excavation and tubing. The rock was struck twelve feet below the surface of the earth, and so copious was the flow of water that the tubing proved to be a work of unusual difficulty. When once accomplished, the water flowed in great abundance and purity. It soon attracted the attention of medical men, and was found to possess curative properties which rendered it available in diseases which had not before been affected by Saratoga waters. It has proved itself adapted to a wide range of cases, especially of a chronic nature, and its peculiar value is recognized by eminent medical men. Its general properties closely resemble the Congress, although from the presence of a larger quantity of magnesia in the Congress water, the operation of the latter is perhaps somewhat more pungent. The Empire Spring water is a great favorite with many people, being preferred for its mild but positive medicinal effects. ANALYSIS OF EMPIRE SPRING WATER, BY PROP. C. P. CHANDLER. One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains : Chloride of Sodium 500.630 grains. Chloride of Potassium . . 4.292 " E.ca/rbonate of Magnesia. 42.953 " , Bicarbonate of Lime. .. . 109.656 *' Bicarbonate of Lithia. . 8.080 " Bicarbonate of Soda .... 9.022 " Bicarbonate of Baryta.. 0.075 " Bicarbonate of Iron .793 " Bioarbonate of Strontia, a trace. Bromide of Sodium 3.266 grain* Iodide of Sodium. 0.006 " Sulphate of Potassa.... 2.769 " Phosphate of Soda 0.023 " Silica 1.145 " Alumina 0.418 u Fluoride of Calcium, ) Biborate of Soda, r each a trrno* Organic Matter, J Total 680.436 grain*. Oarbonic Acid S44.6V9 cubie to 48. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Excelsior Spring, la found in a beautiful valley, amid picturesque scenery, about % mile east of the town hall, and near the centre of Excelsior Park. The principal park entrance is on Lake Avenue, half a mile from Circular street, or we may approach it by Spring Avenue, which will lead us past most of the principal springs, and the Lough berry Water Works with its famous Holly Machinery, by which the village is supplied with an abundance of the purest water from the Excelsior Lake. Leaving the Water Works, we see Just before us, as the avenue bends towards the Excelsior Spring, the fine summer hotel known as the Mansion House. Surrounded by its grand old trees and beautiful lawn, it offers an inviting re- treat from the heat and dust of our crowded cities. The spring is covered by a very tasteful pavilion, which will be noticed just east of the little stream, and in front of the large bottling house beside the grove. The Union Spring is a little northwest of the Excelsior, and but a few steps removed. This valley, in which these two springs are situated, was formerly known as the "Valley of the Ten Springs," but the present owners, after grading and greatly beautifying the grounds, changed its name in honor of the spring to Excelsior Park. The Excelsior Spring has been appreciated for its valuable qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Saratoga for at least half a century. Many noted cures, among the older residents of the town, were effected by the use of this water before it wai introduced to the general public. The water, however, was not much known to the public until 1859, when Mr. H. H. Lawrence, the former owner, and grandfather of the present proprie- tor, retubed the Spring in the most thorough manner — the tubing extending to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of which are in the •olid rock. By this improvement the water flows with all its properties undeteriorated, retaining from source to outlet its anginal purity and strength. For several years the Excelsior Spring water has steadily increased in public favor, until now its •ale has become very large, and it is to be found on draught, •r in bottles, in nearly all the principal cities and towns oi the United States. We must not fail to notice the perfect * SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. airf very ingenious method, invented by the proprietors of this spring, for bottling and barreling the water. In the large and ^veil-lighted cellar of the bottling house is a circular brick vault in whose depths the process of filling is performed. A block-tin tuoe conveys the water directly from the spring to this vault, at a depth of twelve feet from the surface of the ground. By hy- drostatic pressure the water is forced from the main tubing of the spring through the smaller tube to the brick vault into air- tight Barrels, or reservoirs, lined with pure block-tin. These reservoirs contain two tubes, one of which extends from the top io the Dottom of the barrel, the other being shorter. When these reservoirs are connected with the tube leading from the TZOPJTL — .. spring, the water is forced by hydrostatic pressure through the long tube into the barrel, and the air is driven out through the shorter tube, while the gas of the water is not allowed to escape. To draw the water from the reservoirs, it is only necessary to attach the draught tube to the long tube of the barrel, and con- nect the shorter one with an air pump, when the pressure of the air will force out the water, without its being recharged with gas — pure, sparkling, and as delicious as though it were taken 50 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. IN BOTTLES. directly from the spring. The value of the waters is universally conceded, and they have ON DRAUGHT, already attained a world- wide popularity. The fa- miliar trade-mark of the Excelsior water may be seen in nearly all the cities and large villages of Am- erica. The water of this spring is a pleasant cathar- tic, and has also alterative and tonic properties. It Bottle Make, is also delicious as a bev- erage. As a cathartic, two or three glasses before breakfast will be a sufficient dose, while, as an alterative or diuretic, small draughts throughout the day will be found beneficial. Trade Mare. ANALYSIS OF THE "EXCELSIOR" SPRING WATER. As analyzed by the late R. L. Allen, M.D., of Saratoga Springs. Sulphate of Soda 1.821 grains. Silicate of Soda 4.000 Iodide of Soda 4.235 Bromide of Potassa a trace. Sulphate of Strontia a trace. Chloride of Sodium 370. 042 grains. Carbonate of Lime 77.000 Carbonate of Magnesia... 3-2.833 " Carbonate of Soda 15.000 " Silicate of Potassa 7.000 '• Carbonate of Iron 3.215 " Solid contents in a gallon 514- 1 L ,j J iMJ grain Carbonic Acid (cubic inches)"250 Atmosphere 3 Gaseous Contents 253 cubic in. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Union Spring, Near the centre of Excelsior Park, is about ten rods northwest of Excelsior Spring. It was originally known as the ' Jackson " ■pring, and is described under that name by Dr. John H. Steele^ in his work on the Mineral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston, pub- lished by Dr. Steele at Albany in 1819. The water was, how ever, but imperfectly secured until the present proprietors had the spring retubed in 1868. The water of the Union Spring acts as a mild cathartic when taken before breakfast. Drank at othei times during the day it is a very agreeable and healthful beverage. Prof. C. F. Chandler, the distinguished chemist, says: " Thii water is of excellent strength. It is specially noticeable that the ratio of magnesia to lime is unusually large, which is a decided advantage. The water is also remarkably free from iron, a fact which is a great recommendation." The water is put up in bot- tles for shipping to any part of the world. It is also sold in Lawrence's Patent Reservoirs (barrels lined with pure block tin), containing about thirty gallons each. These reservoirs are very strong and perfectly gas tight, and retain the water with all its natural Carbonic Acid Gas. From these reservoirs the water can be forced out, under atmospheric pressure, in its natural con- dition, sparkling with Carbonic Acid Gas as it flows from the spring at Saratoga, in the same manner in which the Excelsior Water on draught is so very widely and favorably known. ANALYSIS OP THE UNION SPRING WATER, BY PROP. C. P. CHANDLER. Laboratory of the School of Mines, Columbia Coixkqk, I New York, March 26, 1873. f The sample of Mineral Water taken from the Union Spbinq, Saratoga, contain! In one U. S. Gallon of 231 cnbio inches : Chloride of Sodium 458. 299 grains Chloride of Potassium . . . 8.733 Bromide of Sodium. 1.307 Iodide of Sodium 0.039 Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia. . . . 2.605 Bicarbonate of Soda 17.010 Bicarbonate of Magnesia. 109.685 Bicarbonate of Lime 96.703 Bicarbonate of Strontia.. trace. Bicarbonate of Baryta. . . 1 703 grains. Bicarbonate of Iron 269 " Sulphate of Potassa. ... . 1818 M Phosphate of Soda C.026 " Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina 0.324 u Silica 2.863 " Organic Matter trace. Total Solid Contents. .701.174 grab* Carbonic Acid Gas in one gni., 384.969 cubic inch**, Ttmp., 48 cUg. V. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Facilities for Reaching Excelsior Park. Tbe drives to the Excelsior Spring and Park, by way of Lake und Spring Avenues, have already been described, but every visitor should know that there are other attractive ways of reach- ing this most beautiful suburb of Saratoga. First, we must mention the advantages afforded the public by the Saratoga Lake Railway and its Excelsior Spring Station, by which the sojourner at Saratoga, is enabled to go and return in a brief space of time, during any portion of the day. Then pedes- trians, and lovers of the picturesque, will find a Woodland Walk at the termination of York Avenue, by following which in an easterly direction for about half -a-mile, among tall pines and other forest trees, they will reach the Excelsior Spring, in the central portion of the Park. Those wishing to return by a differ- ent route, or fatigued by their ramble, may avail themselves of the railroad to the village, or take the trip to Saratoga Lake. Besides this favorite woodland path to Excelsior Spring, Mr. Lawrence has opened a Bridle Path and Carriage Drive, enter- ing the woods at the intersection of East and York Avenues. The bridle path skirts the brow of the hill, affording occasional glimpses, through a frame work of leaves, of the green meadows to the north, and the silvery surface of Loughberry Lake. Both the bridle path and the carriage drive bring out on Excelsior Spring Avenue, on the summit of the high hill, south of the Excelsior Spring. Here we have an extensive view to the east of the G-reen Mountains of Vermont, and the nearer hills of Washington County, N. Y. A little further on, as the carriage road reaches the brow of the hill, the lovely valley stretches bo- fore us. If the rich glow of a summer sunset is still resting upon the distant hills, we shall be apt to feel that we have at last found the " Happy Valley." Below us lies the lovely vale once known as the ''Valley of the Ten Springs," with its surrounding hill- sides adorned by pretty cottages. A little further to the north we behold the hills of the Loughberry Lake, and still further beyond the granite elevations known as the Palmerstown and Kayaderosseras mountains, spurs of the great Adirondacks, 52a SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. ayser or "Spouting Spring" Is a most wonderful fountain of mineral water, discovered in 1870, and situated about one mile and a quarter southwest of the village of Saratoga Springs, in the midst of the beautiful region of landscape scenery now known as "Geyser Lake and Park." To reach it from Saratoga follow Broadway south to Ballston Avenue, which branches off from Broadway in the south part of the village to the right, towards the south- west, and follow this avenue until it crosses the Rens. and Sar. R. R. , when the large brick bottling house with the world-wide inscription of " Geyser Spring" will be distinctly seen across the lake to the left. Follow the carriage road across the causeway turning to the left, and you will soon find yourself at the entrance of the spring and bottling house, and in the midst of the most in- teresting spring region of Saratoga. Visitors are most cordially welcomed to the spring and grounds by the proprietors at all reason- able hours of the day, and perfect freedom is accorded to all visitors to drink the waters, inspect the work of bottling, and to stroll through the beautiful grounds surrounding the springs. As you enter the spring-house, directly in front of you, in the centre of the building, is this marvelous spouting spring, sending forth a powerful stream of water to the very top of the building, which in descending to its surrounding basin e prays into a thousand crystal streams, forming a beautiful fountain ever flowing, and charming to behold. In the center of the room is the artistical basin, about six feet ■quare, and from the bottom rises an iron pipe. From this leaps, in fantastic dance, the creamy water of the spring. To allow it full play, there is an opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and falls, day and night, continually. At one side, a faucet, with a nose like a soda fountain, enables one to draw a glass. The watel boils and bubbles out, mingled with bubbles of gas precisely like oream soda, and all who care may have a free drink. When the bubbles have escaped, the water has a wonderful pearly purity that tempts one to drink bountifully. A glass globe 0:1 the well 68 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. eurb has a stream of water flowing through it and escaping at th* top. This enables us to see the thick stream of bubbling gas ai it rises through the water and makes an extremely pretty display. A large business is here carried on in bottling this valuable and delicious water, and visitors are shown all the processes in detail The orifice bored in the rock is five and a half inches in diame- ter, and 132 feet deep. The rock formation consists of a strata of slate eighty feet thick, beneath which lies the strata of birds-eye limestone in which the mineral vein was struck. The orifice ,s tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth of eighty-five feet, the object being to bring the water through the soft slate formation, as the immanse pressure and force of the gas would cut the slate, thereby causing impurities in the water. Recently the present proprietors became convinced that a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid G-as shown by the phenomenon of spouting, was not present in the bott.ed water. They recently re-tubed tho spring and put in the most approved Bottling Table. The result is that for the first time in the history of the Spring all the Natural Carbonic Acid Gas is retained to the bottled water, thereby adding much to its already high medicinal qualities, and making it an Excellent Table Water, the water now being highly effervescent and the best mineral water known. Professor C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College School of Mines, visited this spring a few weeks after its discovery, and the following analysis, made from water collected by him at that time, (femonstrates the great value of the Geyser as a medicinal spring : ANALYSIS OF ONE U. S. GALLON. Chloride of Sodium 562.080 grains Chloride of Potassium. . . 24.634 " Bromide of Sodium 2.212 " Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " Fluoride of Calcium a trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia. . . 9.004 M Bicarbonate of Soda 71.232 M Bicaroonate of Hagnesia.149.343 " BioMDonate of Lime .... 168.392 «' Bicarbonate of Strontia. 0.435 grain* Bicarbonate of Baryta. . . 2.014 ** Bicarbonate of Iron 0. 979 •• Sulphate of Potassa 0.318 I4 Phosphate of Soda trace. Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina. trace. Silica. 0.665 « Organic matter trace. Total Bolid contents. 991.646 Carbonic Acid Gas in one TJ, 8 Gal ..454.082 cubic la Denirity 1.011 Temperature 46° Fahr. 54 ■ARJLTOGA ILLUSTRATED. It may be noticed that the water is charged with medicinal and gaseous properties to a wonderful degree, its total solid con- tents being 991.546 grains. The amount of gas is excessive, and it is this that enables the water to hold in solution so great a proportion of minerals, and gives to it remarkable preservative properties when bottled, as well as imparts that mysterious powex which forces the water from its Bilent cavern in the earth into the beautiful fountain of the spring. Its properties are permanent in any climate, and for an indefinite time. So long as kept corked, and the bottle laid on the side, it retains its value unimpaired. As a medicinal agency its effects are marvelous. Testimonial! from all quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful cures of diseases ; especially in Cutaneous Diseases, or any of tht various phases of Scrofula. It is used with telling effect in Kid- ney Disease, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Rheumatism, Acidity of Stomach, etc. It is a delightful beverage, and when taken as a cathartic leaves none of those unpleasant effects ob- servable in the use of many other of the Saratoga waters. As an apeHent or cathartic it should be used in the early morn- ing ; and, if in bottles, it should stand in the room so as not to be too cool. To give it more ready effect, raise the water to about blood-heat, or 90° Fahr. A pint bottle, or about two glasses, will usually be found sufficiently prompt and effective. As a Tonic, the water should be drank cool and in small quan- tities. When taken with meals or at lunch, as an ordinary bev- erage, the system will retain the minerals with strengthening and stimulating effect. After wines or hearty eating, the water is a gure corrective, restoring the stomach to its natural condition^ while relieving the system of uncongenial and injurious substances. It cures Biliousness, corrects acidity of stomach, relieves nerv ous or feverish irritation and headache, and a restless person may be induced to sleep by taking a glass of Geyser on retiring at night. Geyser Water also operatas with excellent effect upon the Kidneys. The lithia found in this water is a specific for gravel or stone, and is effectual in dissolving the chalk or limestone and urate deposits in Rheumatism or Gout. Geyser Water is put up in pint and quart bottles, and in tin-lined barrels of thirty galloni each, ami it may be found at any leading druggist's on the con 55 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED, tinent. In bottles, it is packed in cases of four dozen pints or two dozen quarts. The spring property is managed by a company, and for the purposes of business the proprietors have adopted the name t; Geyser Spring Co." All orders should be addressed to Geyser Spring Co., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. The officers of ihj company are Allen W. Evarts, President; GeOrge E. Settle, Treasurer; Frank Jones, Secretary. The business of the Geyser Spring has increased rapidly since its discovery in 1870, and its waters are now sold everywhere. By passing through the door, at the east end of the bottling house, we enter upon a piazza which overlooks the stream that dashes by the spring-house. Under the overhanging awning we may enjoy a very charming prospect. Geyser Park Embraces a tract of about 40 acres surrounding the Geyser Spring, and is open to visitors who are invited, by numerous rustio chairs and settees, to enjoy the natural beauties of this charming vicinity. Leaving the spring-house by the rear door, we enter upon the ramble and follow the shady path down into the delL From the rustic bridge is a pretty view of the waterfall near the spring-house, and in the vicinity are several springs of varied min- eral properties, more or less undeveloped, but indicating the great richness of this region in mineral waters. Returning to the spring-house, we may pass up the hill towards the west, and ob- tain a delightful view of the lake and park. From the summit of the slope to the westward the beautiful surroundings of this cele- brated locality are brought into view. Standing on the elevation, with our face to the east, a charming prospect is spread before us. The large, beautiful green expanse, studded here and there with trees and cottages, and terminating with the Green Mountain range in the distant east, and the Greenfield Mountains in the west ; the silvery water expanding from small proportions into the dimensions of a beautiful lake, fringed with graceful foliage wad shaded lawns ; the limpid stream plunging over the fall and dashing down into the shaded glen ; the strong-arched causeway, and the spouting springs shooting their pearly-white waters into graceful fountains, all unite to form a charming landscape. 56 SABATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Hamilton Spring. This spring is situated about thirty rods north of the Congress immediately in the rear of Congress Hall. It was discovered by Mr. Gideon Putnam, one of the early settlers of the place, not long after the discovery of the Congress Spring, and named after the late General Hamilton. The water, when first taken from the spring, is remarkably clear and sparkling. It is saline and acidulous to the taste, and when taken to the quantity of five or six half pints, is usually both cathartic and diuretic. This water ranks first among the springs as a diuretic, and it has long been celebrated for its good effects in gravelly and cal- culous affections. In scrofula and indeed all other indolent swellings of the glands, the water of this spring, together with that of the Columbian, will unquestionably take the preference. It is owing to the iodine which these waters contain that they have become so famous in the cure of strumous affections. The following ingredients were obtained from one gallon, by an analysis by Dr. John H. Steele in 1831, viz. : Chloride of Sodium 297.3 g Carbonate of Lime 92.4 Carbonate of iron 5.39 Hydriodate of Soda 8. Bicarbonate of Soda 27.036 Bicarbonate of Magnesia. . . 36.2 Address orders for water to C. L. Wiggins, Saratoga Springs,N. Y. The Hathorn Spring fs on Spring Street, directly opposite the north wing of Congress Hall. It was discovered in 1869 by some workmen employed in placing the foundation of the brick block which contains the beautiful ball-room of Congress Hall. It is named in honor of the Hon. H. H. Hathorn, who first developed the spring, and Duilt the famous Congress Hall Hotel. The spring was very se- curely tubed in 1872, at the large expense of $15,000. The Hathorn is one of the most valuable springs in Saratoga. Great quantities of water are bottled and sold in the leading towns and cities of the United States and Canada. The water contains 838.03 grains of solid contents in a gallon, and combines chloride of •odium, the prevailing chemical element of all the Saratoga Spring craters, with bicarbonate of lithia, and other valuable properties. 57 Hydrobromate of Potash a trace. Solid contents in one gallon. 460. 326 grs. Carbonic acid gas 316. ** Atmospheric air 4. M Gaseous contents in a gallon 320 inches. SARATOGA II.U STU VTED. Analysis of tho Hathorn Spring Water. Ohloride or Sodium. . .. . 609 9fi8 < Ihloi Ide "I i'.,i;i nun . . , 9.597 Bromide of Sodium L.584 Iodide of Sodium ,198 Fluoride of Oalolum a trace, Bicarbonate of Lithia . . . 11.117 Bicarbonate of Soda . 4.288 Bicarbonate of Ma - 170.408 i: carbonate oi Llmi 170.648 Bicarbonate of 1 II ronl la. . :i i race. Bl< ai bonate of Bar} ta. . . I.'. ■:'. Bleu bonate ol [ron ,.., U38 I lulphate ol Pota ■•> nunc. i'ii.. phate ol . oda 006 gn. Blborate of Soda a tit Alimiin.'i I'll " Bilica 1.S80 •' ■ ii, ii Li ... ;i ,iiu:<:. Total wild contents... B88 1808 Carbonic a.cid Ga In I d B76 1 It Inch* . Den ii,, 1.009, | Tho High Rock Spring [g on Spring Avenue, near bhe Empire, Star and Seltzer, and if believed bo be the first which was discovered In bhii vicinity. The peouliax mineral formation which gives itenameii a great [NTERIOB OF limn ROOK BPRING. curiosity, and early attraoted bhe attention of Indian hunters and the white pioneers of American oivilization. The water has 58 BARATOOA ILMJBTKATED. bixilt a curb for itKclf, the foundatioriH of which monk have bee» laid when tbe continent wan is lie infancy. 1 be water being lm- prtgnnt^ with partioJei of mineral robe t a n oeo, probably at Aral eatnratfid the ground about the outlet of the spring. Ah th« water evaporated, a speciee of rook w.'i.-. fornix] by the ooev mingling of earth and minora! ; and the continual overflow of mineral water, gradually built up the present enriouH dome nhaped rock, which || V>\ feet high, and 88 feet 4 inch ok in cir- cumference, and lookH like a miniature volcano. There il an Indian tradition that, many yearH ago, the water oeaeed to How over the rock, Owing to the diKpleanurc of the Great Spirit. The water, however, remained within reach from the top. and the overflow probably found a way of eKcapo through crack;-, which eventually hare been etopped by depoeite from the water. A handaome pagoda baa been erected over the fpring 1 and a bottUng- hou;.e near by contain", the u;,ual apparatus for preparing the water for market." It in ■aid that the DTtt v/hite man who u.ed thene waterH wan Sir William John;. on, who WBM brought b) the year!Vo7 through the wilderno;.h, which then surrounded Saratoga, on a litter, and drank the water a far weekn, when he way able to walk away withe BOO. The High Book Spring, which may therefore be looked upon M the father of ail there healing water-, hah stood the tent of over a century. Its water 11 a hu- perior tonic, and cathartic M well a?. 'fid in Kheurnati m. Scrofula, Dyspepsia. Constipation, and is especially beneficial in its, operation upon the kidney;-, and liver; and in- deed it pnrifiei and ■ fehe Whole system, clearing and beautifying the complexion and prolonging life. The High Bock water cure-. Bj ' Idttj of the liornach, and relieve.-; nervous or feverish irritation and headache. Perhapl there I Ol mineral water drinkers v/ho enjoj a vi«it to Saratoga ho much, or who realize 80 fully and ho speedilj the benefit- arising from drinking the water, an the cla M of per- roue known aa '"free livern." They suffer from functional die- turbance ari-.ieg from too much food. Bat when daily drinking the water they are wholly exempt from ail inconvenience from such surfeit not only, biit can DM double the quantity o/ food and drinks prcviouhly taken, and experience no ineonvemeno* 8ARAT0 GA II LUSTR ATKD. Hie acid products which follow such free living under other »rir cumstances, and which produce sleepless nights, with morbid, nervous, and cerebral symptoms, are wholly prevented by the ust of this water, and refreshing sleep, long deferred, is fully enjoyed. All such of the above class as have become more or less diseased from liberal living, may have their stomachs restored to a health} condition by the use of this water. As an Aperient or Cathartic the water should be taken in the morning, half an hour before breakfast, its temperature not over 300L For instant action, warm the water slightly. As a Tonic the water should be taken cool and in small quan- tities. When drank at meals as a beverage, the system will retain the minerals with strengthening and stimulating effect The condition of the system, which marks the early stage of the fearful disease of Scrofula, is usually removed by a timely and faithful use of the High Rock Water. Scorbutic persons, both young and more advanced in life, often witness large scrofuloua tumors rapidly pass away under the influence of this mineral water. The utmost care has been taken in retubing not only to keep oat all impure and fresh waters, but also to retain the fixed car- bonic acid gas, for which this Spring is so pre-eminently celebrated. The High Rock Spring is managed by a company of prominent gentlemen, who have taken possession of the spring with a deter- mination to extend the sales of the water in a manner commen- surate with the reputation of this famous spring. Mr W. S. Henry, is the competent superintendent. The following analysis of the High Rock Spring water was made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia College School of Mines, who collected the water at the Spring for analysis. Analysis of one U. S. gallon : Chloride of Sodium 390.127 grains Chloride of Potassium , . . 8.497 Bromide of Sodium 0.731 Iodide of Sodium 0.9S6 Fluoride of Calcium trace. Sulphate of Potassa 1 . 608 Bicarbonate of Baryta . . . trace. Bicarbonate of Strontia . trace. Total Bicarbonate of Lime 131.739 graim Bicarbonate of Magnesia 54.924 ** Bicarbonate of Soda.... 34.888 M B carbonate of Iron 1.478 " Phosphate of Lime trace. Alumina 1.228 » Silica 2.260 « Cartwua /LMd Gas 409.468 oub. I* 8ARAT0GA ILLUSTRATED. The Pavilion Spring la situated in the valley, a few rods east of Broadway, betweei Lake Avenue and Caroline Street, at the head of Spring Avenue The Red Spring. This Spring, so widely and justly celebrated for its curative properties, is located just north of the Empire Spring. It was discovered in 1770, and in 1784 a bath-house was erected at the Spring for the cure of eruptive and skin diseases. The efficacy of the water was thereby demonstrated, and since then, though no particular effort has been made to advertise the water, it has be- come celebrated throughout the entire country. Hundreds of testimonials from eminent people who have used the water both at the original fountain and at their homes attest its efficacy as a remedial agent. It is a powerful antacid, and is especially adapted to rheumatic and gouty affections. It also neutralizes, by its alkalinity, those acids which produce dyspepsia and its allied iiseases. In a general sense its therapeutic effects are alterative, and it is specially adapted to inflamed mucous surfaces. Scrof- ula, dyspepsia, kifney difficulties, salt rheum, inflamed eyea 61 SARATOGA [LLUSTBATED. granulated eyelids, are among the diseases which are cured by this water, Its general effect is to tone npthe system, regulate the secretions, and vitalize the blood, thereby creating an improved appetite and better assimilation. During the summer season the Spring is thronged with invalids. More than a hundred gallons of water are daily taken away by real invalids, besides that which is drank at the spring. The effect of tin; water, as an alterative, is far superior to that of any other spring, and so great that small quantities produce the desired results, adapting it wonderfully to the weakest stomachs in cases of extreme chronic disease. This quality of the water is due to the peculiar combination of iis in- gredients. Dr. Steele spoke of the wonderful power of this water in curing Salt rheum and skin diseases fifty years ago, in ;i work he wrote on the character of " Our Mineral Springs." The present owners, the Red Spring Co., retubed the Spring a few years agO and erected a spacious hot i ling house provided with ample facilities for bottling the water, in order to keep pace with the increasing demand for the water from non-resident patrons. They have also done, much to beautify the surroundings of the Spring and to improve the drive leading to if. To the mere pleasure-seeker the Red Spring is "a thing of beauty," while it, is "a joy forever" to the invalid, who finds there the coveted boon of restored health which he has elsewhere SOUght in vain. (52 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Saratoga "A" Spring. The "A " Spring is situated on Spring- Avenue, beyond the Em pire spring 1 , and a little north of the Red Spring, on the eastern side of a steep bluff of calciferous sand rock. The following analysis of the spring, is by Julias G. Pohle, M.D. 1.734 graiiih Chloride of Sodium 565.300 grains. Chloride of Potassium. . 357 M Chloride of Calcium and Magnesia trace Biiarbonate of Soda 6.752 " Bicarbonate of Lime. . . . 56.852 " Bicarbonate of Mag- nesia 20.480 ** Solid contents per gallon Bicarbonate of Irox... Sulphate of Lime 448 * Sulphate of Magnesia... 288 " Sulphate of Soda 2.600 * Sulphate of Potassa 870 *• Silicic Acid 1.460 «■ Alumina 880 " 656.911 grain* Free Carbonic Acid Gas, per gallon 213 cubic Inche* Atmospheric air 4 *' * 4 The Star Spring-. To reach this spring from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north five blocks to the railroad. Turn to the right and then to the second left, and in a few steps the long flight of stairs lead- ing down the bluff to the spring will be found. This spring wan formerly known as the President and the Iodine. It is over halt Bicarbonate of Magnesia.. 61.912 grs. Bicarbonate of Soda 12.662 " Bicarbonate of Iron 1.213 " Silica 1.283 " Phosphate of Lime, a trace Solid Contents in a Gallon, 616.685 " SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. a century since its waters were first known and used, but thei* full virtues were not developed until 1862. In lb80 it was re- tubed, and tubing carried 44 feet into solid rock, securing per- fect freedom from surface waters, and most perfect tubing of any of the Saratoga springs, as no other is tubed so far into the rock, Since 1862 the Saratoga Star Spring has greatly increased its popularity as a mineral water, and is now recognized as one ol the leading waters in the principal markets. The water is largely charged with carbonic acid gas which renders it peculiarly val- uable as a bottling water, since it preserves its freshness much longer than waters containing a smaller amount of the gas. We give the analysis of this celebrated spring, showing the amount of mineral properties in one gallon of the water as deter- mined by eminent chemists : Chloride of Sodium 378.962 grs. Chloride of Potassium 9.229 " Bromide of Sodium 55.66 '* Iodide of Sodium of Iodine 8.000 " Bulphate of Potass 6.400 " Bicarbonate of Lime 120.549 " Carbonic Acid Gas, 407.55 cubic inches in a gallon. The foregoing analysis was made at different times, extended over a period of thirty years, by Prof . C. F. Chandler; also by Dr. Steele and Prof. Emmons. The results show that the great medicinal properties of the Star consist of the large quantity of iodine and bromide of sodium, being 2 grs. of iodine and 14 grs. of Bromide to each quart. While the immediate effects of the Star Spring are carthartic, its remote effects are alterative, and these, after all, should be considered the most important, as the water thus reaches and changes the morbid condition of the whole system, giving the Star water the high repute which it has maintained from its first discovery. For the following complaints it has been used with marked advantage : Scrofula, Cutaneous Eruptions, Bilious Af- fections, Rheumatism, Gravel, Calculus, Suppression, Fevers, Dyspepsia, Constipation, Diabetes, Kidney Complaints, Loss of Appetite, Liver Difficulties. The proprietors of the Star were the first to introduce Saratoga Water to the public, on draught, through the United States, Canadas, and Europe, which they did in patent tin-lined barrels which preserve the full purity of the yrater. They furnish their waters fresh on draught, through 66 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. ^cs b *£-r err- of the unito,s — possible eost, by ». ^'^^ «*- the West quart bottles, knowing that the fr» !' e " aS in P int or health to invalids a4 f rom '^fl !" ° f ^ "** WiU «<*>» Thebottling-honseisa^f f- aSWe " M at the e P»r.gs With every convenient t^Z^TT^ ^ "-WW >^et ^honseand .the J^^™' 018 are ««— to, T The Saratoga Vichy Spring lawn Lddedv,^ res t tee": ""^t^ " "-»«" ^ Geyser Lake on the other It," "' "^ "* the *"** ««'* and are among the most att, " "^ ar ° T ^ P^uresqne, solid reek to the depth of 180 feet ' y "* " tLe SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. This spring contains more soda and less salt than any otnet Saratoga water, and takes special rank at once among the valua- Die mineral waters of this famous Spa. frcm its wonderful sim ilarity to the Vichy waters of France. It is the only alkalin« water found at Saratoga, and a specific in those troublesome affections arising from Acidity of the Stomach, Dyspepsia, Kid- ney and Bladder Difficulties ; several remarkable cases an already recorded of these diseases cured by its use. The fol lowing analysis of the Saratoga Vichy, made by Prof. C. F. Chan- dler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, demonstrates its value as a medicinal agent, and as an alkaline water of equal merit with the celebrated French Vichy . Contains in one U. S Gallon of 231 cubic inches: Chloride of Sodium 128.689 Chloride of Potassium . . 14.113 Bromide of Sodium 0.990 Iodide of Sodium trace. Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia 1.760 Bicarbonite of Soda. . 83.873 bicarbonate of Magnesia 41.503 Bicarbonate of Lime 95.522 Bicarbonate of Strontia trace. Bicarbonate of Baryta 0.593 Bicarbonate of Iron 0.052 Sulphate of Potassa trace. Phosphate of Soda trace.' Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina 0.473 Silica 0.758 Organic Matter trace. Carbonic Acid Gas in one gallon, 383.071 cubic inches. Temperature 50° F. The Saratoga Vichy is an excellent table water, and superior to thft French Vichy, as it contains more natural carbonic acid gas, and mixes readily with all wines. It is not a cathartic water, (but mildly laxative if taken in quantity before breakfast,) and can be drank at all times with its good effect as a Nervous Stim- ulant, and in diseases of the Stomach, Kidneys, and Bladder. Geyser, Congress, Hathorn, and other prominent Saratoga mineral springs are saline waters, but the Saratoga Vichy is ai Alkaline water; that is, the alkaline properties (lithia, soda, magnesia, lime etc.,) overbalance the saline properties — Chlo- ride of Sodium (salt), and is therefore recommended in an entirely different class of cases. When the blood is impoverished frouo want of proper assimilation of food, or feeble tone of the stomach generally, when the system is below the normal standard and requires " toning up," the Saratoga Vichy should be used. One of the most remarkable effects of Saratoga Vichy is th« improvement or restoration of impaired digestive functions, in urease of appetite and improved tone. Dyspepsia is therefore a special field for use of this water, especially when accompanied G7 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. with sour stomach, slowness of digestion, loss of appotite, ver tigo, weakness, etc The Saratoga Vichy is rapidly gaining popular favor, and is much used in our large cities in place of the French Vichy waters, which are frequently stale. Genuine Saratoga Vichy is put up in clear glass bottles, half- pints, pints, and quarts, with a large " V, " in raised letters, blown in the glass, and in block-tin-lined barrels for draught purposes. Circulars containing full directions for its use may be obtained from those selling the water, or the Saratoga Vichy Spring Co., at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. A. K. Koberts, Esq., of Yonkers, is President, and A. G-. Munn, Jr., Secretary of the Company. It has a whole- sale depot at 122 Pearl St., N. Y., and Mr. C. D. Thurbur of Saratoga Springs is the efficient superintendent. The Diamond Spring Is just north of the Vichy in its grounds and is a valuable chaly beate or iron spring with ingredients quite unlike those of its near neighbors. It possesses valuable diuretic and tonic properties, and is specially recommended for those suffering from general debility. One glass has the exhilarating effect of champagne and is remarkably efficient in curing many complaints peculiar to the female sex. It contains a large amount of carbonic acid gas and bottles better than any iron water at Saratoga. The Diamond Spring belongs to the Saratoga Vichy Spring Co. The Washington Spring Is situated in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, on South Broadway. It is a chalybeate or iron spring, having tonic and diuretic properties. It is not a saline water, and the peculiar inky taste of iron is perceptible. It should be drank in the afternoon or evening, before or after meals, or just before retir- ing One glass is sufficient for tonic purposes. Many regard this as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. It is frequently called the " Champagne Spring," from its sparkling properties. It is a very popular spring, and in the afternoon is thronged wita visitors. It grounds are very picturesque, and in the evening arc lighted by gas. The Clarendon band discourses on the neighbor* .'ng piazza in summer, and fashionably attired people throng beneath the majestic pines, forming one of those peculiar grouf pictures which render Saratoga so charming. 68 8ARAT0GA ILLUSTRATED. The Saratoga Magnetic Spring Is situated on Spring Avenue, in the valley opposite the High Bock Spring. 1\ is unlike all other springs in Saratoga, having that wonderful magnetic influence which is one of the great marvels of nature. It was discovered recently, but its healing powers and properties have been thoroughly tested, and found to be highly valuable. The waters are not bottled, but are used foi bathing purposes. Quite a large number of convenient baths have been built at the spring, and special apartments for ladies have been provided. The baths are found to be highly efficacious in the cure of rheumatism, neuralgia, cutaneous and nervous affections, and have a perceptible tonic influence upon the system. Its valuable qualities are recognized by physicians and residents of Saratoga, and have added another and peculiai feature to this wonderfully rich mineral spring region. All should visit this spring, and while there you may have your knife magnetized by a bath in the spring if you choose. The baths are open from 7 a.m. to 6 P.M. daily, and attendants are at call. The Seltzer Spring Is close to High Rock Spring, and in the neighborhood of the Star and Empire. Although in such close proximity thereto, its water is entirely different. This is the only Seltzer spring in this coun- try. The character of the water is almost identical with that of the celebrated Nassau Spring of Germany, which is justly esteemed so delicious by the natives of the " Fatherland." The Crystal Spring Is located near the Columbian Hotel, in South Broadway. The Putnam Spring Is almost wholly used for bathing, and every facility is provided at the spring. To reach it from Congress Hall, walk along Broad • way to the north, and take the second turn to the right. The Kissingen Spouting Spring Is a pipe-well, 192 feet deep, on the east side of Geyser Lake. The United States Spring Is in the grounds of the Pavilion Spring, and owned by the sami company. Its waters are alterative in medicinal effect. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Flat Rock Spring-. The Flat Bock Spring, situated east of the Town Hall on the east side of Front Street, is one of the oldest of the many mineral fountains of Saratoga. It is stated on the authority of residents of Saratoga in 1774, that the Flat Kock and High Eock Springs were the only ones then known. The Flat Kock covered a quan- tity of ground of several rods in extent. It was considerably elevated above the marsh or swamp which surrounded it. The surface was flat and hard, and was perforated in numerous places, where the water stood in little pools, through the bottom of which it was constantly bubbling up. The marsh and grounds about the rock were much broken and trodden up by the foot- steps of wild animals which flocked here in great numbers to drink of the water. At an early date there were arrangements for bathing at the Flat Eock Spring, which was known as " the bathing spring." Some of the older citizens of Saratoga can re- member the time when about four o'clock in the afternoon a procession of people, carrying tin pails and pitchers, might be seen coming from this spring laden with spring water with which to make spring water biscuit. In those days spring water lemonade, foaming and sparkling, was the regulation drink of a hot afternoon, and the fashionable guests from the elegant Pa- vilion Hotel made it their daily resort. But by injudicious dig- ging and other experiments in hope of greater gains by former owners, the Flat Eock Spring was diminished in its flow, and it fell into neglect and disuse for a long period. An attempt is now being made to recover this long-lost spring. Eeuben Mer- chant has employed John B. Hall, who is a veteran spring dig- ger, and a pit has been sunk forty feet deep to the top of the close, fine, hard limestone rock, which overlies the Hudson river shale, from which all the Springs are supposed to issue. At that depth he found a round, smooth hole, and the water issued in such quantities that six pumps were kept constantly working to keep it clear. This water very much resembles that of the Colum- bian, and the analysis, conducted upon the same principle, con- firms the similarity. Its temperature is 48 deg., and its specific gravity at the temperature of 60 deg., the barometer standing at 29.5 inches, is 1006.9, pure water below 1,000. This water is used in all cases for which the Columbian is recommended. 69a SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Saratoga White Sulphur Spring. This valuable spring ia situated about one and one-half mile* cast of the village, and about one quarter of a mile east of tha Excelsior Spring. It should not be confounded with a spring of the same name, but which is some ten miles from Saratoga, on the east side of Saratoga Lake. The water of this spring is used for bathing and drinking, but is not bottled. The cura- tive properties of it are fully established, and the proprietors have erected a large and very commodious bathing-house, con- taining fifty baths, and supplied with every convenience for giv- ing warm or cold sulphur baths at all hours of the day. This spring supplies a very important element to the attractions of Saratoga. The other springs supply valuable mineral waters to be taken internally, while the White Sulphur waters supply that very important element of medicinal effects produced by bath- ing. Persons afflicted with rheumatism or cutaneous diseases receive positive benefit, and sometimes complete cure, by using these baths. Lady and gentleman attendants are always at hand during bathing hours, and every convenience for luxurious and wholesome bathing are afforded. The baths are open from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. on week-days, and on Sundays from 7 am. to 6 p.m. The Saratoga Lake Railway conveys passengers from Lake Avenue direct to the stations at the Spring and Bath House. Stages run to and from the spring, through Broadway, to Circular Street, through Circular Street to Lake Avenue and the spring. Fare to the spring and return at pleasure, 25 cents. Invalids and others wishing stages to call at their residences, will please leave word at the office, No. 10 Grand Union Hotel Block, to the man in charge, in ample time to call, as the stages all run on schedule time, and the drivers are not allowed, under any circumstances, to leave* their route. Ask for time-table. A few yards south of the White Sulphur Spring is the mineral Eureka Spring. Its water is highly charged with carbonic gas, making it one of the most pleasant to the taste of all the Saratoga waters. II is a superior tonic, diuretic, and mild cathartic. «0 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED; Champion Spouting Spring. fhis phenomenal fountain is about one mile and a haif soutk of the village of Saratoga Springs, near the carriage road leading to Ballscon Spa, just east of the Railroad. It is one of the group of celebrated Spouting Springs which have recently been deveh jped and become a wonderful feature of the great watering-place It was discovered in 1871, after sinking a shaft to the unusual depth of 300 feet. From this deeply-concealed cavern, the pre- cious fountain burst forth to light, sending a column of water six and one-half inches in diameter, 25 or 30 feet into the air, pre- senting a marvelous and beautiful spectacle. The gaseous force of the water has been checked by a strong iron cap, fastened to the top of the tubing, and only a small jet of water is allowed to escape, except at five o'clock in the afternoon, when this cap is removed, and the water darts forth in large volume to a height of 80 to 100 feet, imitating the wonderful Yellowstone and Iceland Geysers. These Saratoga Geysers are exceedingly interesting, and should be visited. During the winter the water freezes around the tube, and gradually forms a column of solid ice from 30 to 40 feet high, and several feet in diameter. On another page we present an engraving of this wonderful spring, as it appears in winter. This marvelous ppring possesses the chemical elements common to the Saratoga spring waters, in larger quantities than any other spring yet developed. We append the analysis by Prof. C. F. Chandler, of Columbia College, New York : SOLID CONTENTS OF ONE U. S. GALLON, 231 CUBIC INCHES. Chloride of Sodium 702.239 Bicarbonate of Baryta 2.082 Bicarbonate of Iron 0.647 Sulphate of Potassa 0.252 Phosphate of Soda 0.010 Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina 0.498 Silica, 0.699 Organic matter . . trace. Chloride of Potassium 40. 446 Bromide of Sodium 3.579 Iodide of Sodium 0.234 Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia 6.247 Bicarbonate of Soda 17.624 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 193.912 Bicarbonate of Lime 22r.070 Bicarbonate of Strontia 0.082 Total grains 1195.1 Carbonic Acid Gas, 465. 458 cubic inches. Temperature, 49° Fahr. It contains more mineral properties per gallon than any other spring water in Saratoga. Hence a less quantity will produce the usual effect. It acts very favorably upon the kidneys and liver, and its medicinal value is established by the testimony high medical authority. CHAMPION SPOUTING SPRING. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Preparing the Waters for Export. The bottling and packing is carried ou throughout the year, and, except during the height of the visiting season, when s« much Is consumed at the springs as materially to decrease the supply for bottling, the work is prosecuted night and day. The arrangements for this purpose are the most complete of anything of the kind in the country, and all the various operations are carried on with a care, skill, and perfection unsurpassed. In order to increase the facilities for obtaining bottles, the Congress and Empire Spring Company erected a good glass-house some time since, and now, not only this company, but many oi the others are easily supplied with such bottles as they need Some of the bottles are of dark glass, and others, like those use