PE 1144 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 00004011736 2^ ^ **°* u* ^ c* **49Etf> ^ <& /j >*•».. A AT • m*. ^of :&&&. -w ©**^1»- ^ S' '*, 9* * sires r. >$* .at *r(ftWA o - ^ <# *£?Ji3&« C <. '° • * * + A 6 * ^.'^W .<> A^ ^ V ©***'. ^ 4? c©i^C* > V^ .«••. * V * 1^ ^>. * ! ft-, w ot^.*© ^o< *snR: ^ ' A *«£» *•«©* , v v r ^. i v *<^ / " PROVIDENCE LEFT HIM CHILDLESS, THAT THE NATION MIGHT CALL HIM FATHER." ? 3 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by LEAVITT, TROW & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southren District of New- York. W W H ■ (c INTRODUCTION, THE ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. The Executive Committee of the .American Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, more xhan two years since, appointed a Committee with instructions to present a " Report on the subject of Spelling Books, presenting a literary and critical review of the books now used in this country, with a particular recommendation of the book or books, most deserv- ing of public patronage, together with thb grounds of their opinion." After a year of careful investigation, this Committee pre- sented a Report, containing a list of one hundred and ten different Spelling Books published in this country since 1804 : together with tabular views of the comparative circulation of some twenty or thirty of the most popular books, in States of the Union where the greatest care is bestowed on the interests of education. The Report also exhibited an impartial statement of " the contents of Spelling Books ;" " different principles on which they were constructed ;" " the art of introducing school books ;" " the future increase of school books in our coun- try ;" " the elementary books of education in other countries ;" and " the increasing interest in the improvement of the school books of our own." This Report was printed and circulated somewhat, extensively among friends of education. These investigations led to interesting and unexpected dis- cussions and results. The immense circulation of these books ; their influence upon the mind and the character, in the incipi- ent stages of mental development ; and their power to give the earliest, the most valuable, and most lasting impressions, in respect to the nature and use of our language, have been often and carefully considered. The Spoiling Book has long been regarded in England, Scotland, and the United States, as an almost indispensable introduction to a knowledge of our language. So extensively has this sentiment prevailed, and so numerous are the works to which it has given birth, that the history of Spelling Books INTRODUCTION. embodies no unimportant part of the history of education. The different principles on which these books have been constructed, and the various improvements of successive authors, during the present century, show the progress which has been made in the application of philosophical principles in systems of instruc- tion. The number and variety of Spelling Books which have ap- peared in this country and in Great Britain ; the immense editions which have been circulated ; and the amount of time which is devoted to the use of the Spelling Book, are almost incredible. One book in England has passed through more than four hundred and fifty editions ! and Dr. "Webster stated some time before his death, that during forty years more than eighteen millions of copies of his Spelling Book had been sold in this country ! ! Few, if any other books, except the Bible, have ever had such a circulation. Facts like these, conclusively show the appreciation in which the Spelling Book has been hitherto held by the friends of education, and its great importance as one of the earliest and most effective instruments, in developing and moulding the youthful mind. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. The English, or more properly, the Anglo-Saxon language, is worthy of far more attention and study, in a course of Amer- ican education, than has ever yet been bestowed upon it. It is now spoken among probably seventy-five.millions of the hu- man family ; and, in all probability, before this century expires, it will be the language of more than two hundred millions. More than twenty other different languages have contributed to enrich it. The largest lexicons exhibit about seventy thou- sand words. But if we omit the scientific, the technical, the obsolete and unusual words, this number is reduced to some ten thousand, mainly radical words, which constitute the staple of the language, as it is used by the great masses who write and speak it, or is found in the ordinary histories, biographies, and works of general literature of our day. The principal sources of the English language are, I. The Celtic Stock of Languages. II. The Gothic Stock. III. The Classic Stock. Of these families of languages, " The Anglo-Saxon" one of the branches of " The Gothic Stock." and " The Latin " and INTRODUCTION. " The Greek" of " The Classic Stock," have contributed most largely to form our own. It is utterly impossible, that any one can have a clear and satisfactory knowledge of the nature, power, or beauty of the comprehensive vocabulary of our own unrivalled tongue, with- out understanding something of its original elements. In the preparation of this volume, a new analysis has been made; and most of the constituent elements are exhibited by themselves, and classified on principles which the analysis suggests. The result of this analysis shows, that nine thousand four hundred and forty-two words are derived fi in the following proportions : Anglo-Saxon, Kindred elemen Anglo-Indian Latin, French^ Italian, Spanish, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Chaldee, Turkish, Persian. Total, om different sources, 2453 694 26 4460 780 63 18 878 26 27 6 5 6 9442 THE OBJECT OF THE SPELLING BOOK. The object of the Spelling Book, is to teach the orthogra- phy of our language ; — a great and fundamental object in edu- cation, and which if not effected in early life, is rarely secured at all. This single end alone is worthy of at least one book, in an elementary education. In accomplishing this, it aims to teach : — I. The nature and powers of letters ; — their combinations ; the formation of syllables and of words; — and the orthography of the language, as a whole, according to the usage of the best writers. II. The Orthoepy of the language, according to standard usage, where it is spoken in the greatest purity. III. A vocabulary of the English Language, sufficiently VI INTRODUCTION. ample in its range for all the common purposes of life, and initiatory to the acquisition of a more extensive command of its powers. In addition to these, it should be, by no means, a subordi- nate design of the book, to form in the youthful mind an ele- vated standard of taste. Reading Lessons, apothegms, and gems in Literature, should be selected with this in view. And last, and most important of all, it should be made the vehicle of the highest moral and Christian influences. No other book, but the Bible, can be made so extensively useful, in laying the foundation of Christian morality and true piety. Whatever information, on other subjects, it may incidentally impart, should be made subservient to these great purposes \ and should have a direct bearing on the future progress of education, and the establishment of those principles and habits, which must be formed with unwearied care, in the heart of every child who is trained up in the way he should go. The authors of this Spelling Book have aimed to lead the pupil by regular, simple and easy steps, to a knowledge of the sounds of the vowels, of the formation of syllables and words, of their derivation and meaning, and of the original sources of those words in the English language which are most frequently met with in ordinary reading. To this end, they have given, as in the usual arrangement, first, the Alphabet, then, syllables of two, three and four letters. These tables are full and progressive, and should be thoroughly studied. They are of great importance in forming the habit of clear and distinct enunciation. Next, the words of Anglo-Saxon origin are laken and di- vided into tables, according to the parts of speech. They are arranged in progressive lessons, until a complete series of les- sons for a Spelling Book, all of Anglo-Saxon words, is presented. After these, follow words derived from the Gaelic, Irish and Welsh, the German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish and Icelandic languages, arranged and classified in tables together. Ap- pended to these, are words which have come into our lan- guage from the Aboriginal tribes of North and South America, and which have been entitled, the Anglo-Indian element- Then the Latin, French, Spanish, Greek, &c, until the whole is completed. By this method, the child is accustomed, from the commencement of his education, to look at the origin of the words which he reads, and although he may not derive either pleasure or profit from the study, while he is in the Spelling Book, yet he will, in all his future studies, find great and per- manent advantages resulting from this early instruction in the elements of language. INTRODUCTION. Vll In referring words to their sources, the best authorities have been consulted, but these have frequently been in conflict ; and the decisions which have finally been made, after patient deliberation and much research, will not always be satisfactory. Other minds, by a comparison of the same authorities, would perhaps have come to a different conclusion. Sometimes, the same word will be found under two Ele- ments, as in the Anglo-Saxon and in the Latin ; or in the Latin and in the French. This repetition is in some cases neces- sary ; for the word may be found originally in both those ele- ments, but with different meanings. Again, there may be found almost an equal amount of authority for the derivation of the word, from each of the languages. For example, the word dock ; derived from the Anglo-Saxon, it means, a plant; from another branch of the Gothic family, a place to build ships in j from the Welsh, it means, to cut off. Similar explanations should be given in respect to the parts of speech ; nouns sometimes being used as adjectives, and so of other parts of speech. We have aimed at giving the word its most obvious designation. With respect to Orthography, good usage has been regarded as the only true standard. This may vary, but the decisions in this book are the result of a very extended consultation, and a comparison of the most elegant writers of the English lan- guage at the present day. The authors of this Spelling Book, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the American Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, have in progress a complete series of books, designed to give a thorough and sci- entific knowledge of the English Language, commencing with the simplest elementary works, and ending with those of the highest character. They are in some measure aware of the nature and difficulties of the work they have undertaken ; and are not entirely insensible to the errors and imperfections of the present book. They will regard it as a favor on the part of teachers, and friends of education, to suggest any improvement in this volume, that may make it more useful to the children of our country. A future edition may embody great improve- ments on so new a plan. Arrangements have been made for its publication, simulta- neously in this country and in Great Britain, with some hope that it may facilitate the acquisition of a knowledge of our na- tive tongue, and contribute to bring about a greater uniformity in the use of it, on both sides of the Atlantic. THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. 1 THE ALPHABET. ROMAN LETTERS. ABCDEFGHIJKLMN abcde f g h ijklmn OPCIRSTUVWXYZ& opqrs tuvwxyz ITALIC LETTERS. ABCBEFG HIJKL MN abed efghijklmn OPQRSTUVWXYZ® opqrstuvwxyz JvuMen- Jz>etfeZd- & £ & & sr % ¥w 33 f % $ o fe a w 4 J ic v w a> -M k VOWELS. a, e, i, o, u. CONSONANTS. b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, g s, t, v, w 5 x, y, z. DOUBLE LETTERS. DIPHTHONGS. fi, fl, ffij ffi, fF. | ai, an, ea, ie, oa, oi, ou. 2 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. SYLLABLES OF TWO LETTERS. LESSON 1. ba be bi bo bu by ca ce ci CO cu c y da de di do du dy fa fe ] fo LESSON 2. fu fy ga ha g e he hi go ho gu hu gy hy j a ka ke ki ko LESSON 3. ku jy ky la le ii lo lu iy ma me mi mo mu my na ne ni no nu «y pa pe Pi po LESSON 4. pu py ra re ri ro ru r y sa se si so su s y ta te ti to tu ty va ve vi vo LESSON 5. vu v y wa we wi WO wu wy y a y e y'} y° J u za ze zi zo zu z y * In this lesson c and g are pronounced like sand j, before e, i, andy. THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. ab eb ib ob ub ac ec ic oc uc ad ed id od ud af ef if of uf ag eg ig og ug ak ek ik ok uk al el il ol ul am em im om um LESSON 6. eb ib ob ec ed ef IC id if LESSON 7. oc od of eg ek el ik il og ok ol em im LESSON 8. om en in on ep er 9 ir op or es is LESSON 9. OS et it ot ev IV ov ex IX ox ez 1Z oz an en in on un ap ep ip op up ar er ir or ur as es is os us LESSON 9. at et it ot ut av ev iv ov uv ax ex ix ox ux az ez iz oz uz SYLLABLES OF THREE LETTERS. LESSON 10. bla ble bli bio blu bly cla cle cli clo clu cly fla fle fli flo flu fly gla gle gli glo glu gly pla pie pli plo plu ply sla sle sli slo slu sly 4 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 11. bra bre bri bro bru bry era ere cri cro cru cry dra dre dri dro dru dry fra fre fri fro fru fry gra gre gri gro gru gry pra pre pri pro pru p f y pha phe phi pho phu P h y LESSON 12. qua que qui quo quy sha she shi sho shu shy ska ske ski sko sku sky spa spe spi spo spu s py sta ste sti sto stu sty swa swe swi SWO SWU swy tra tre tri tro tru try LESSON 13. bad cad dad gad had sad bag cag g a g hag rag tag bak hak lak mak rak sak ban can fan ran tan van bap cap hap lap sap tap bat cat hat rat sat vat LESSON 14. bed fed led red sed ted beg deg feg leg meg seg bel del fel mel tel wel ben fen hen ken ten wen bes fes hes kes les nes bet fet het jet let pet bex dex hex lex nex sex bez fez hez lez nez tez 1 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. 5 LESSON 15. bid did hid kid lid pid bil dil fil hil til sil bin fin rin sin tin win bis dis his kis mis wis bit fit hit kit lit sit biv hiv liv riv siv piv bix fix hix mix nix wix SYLLABLES OF FOUR LETTERS. SHOWING VOWEL SOUNDS. LESSON 16. babe crab barb bald cede bend bale clam cart ball mete tend dale slam dart hall here cent take plan hart tall mere lent lake span hard wall sere rest dame stag lard halt lere test name slap lark malt hele fled same trap mark salt LESSON 17. leme sled bile dint bird cope fond cost come file hint gird hope pon i lost some dire hilt dirt lobe shop cord dove sire tilt girt robe stop cork love fine milk dirk dome clod sort monk pine silk firm home plod tort word life lift girl bolt grot boss work wife sift stir colt trot toss worm THE ENGLISH SPELLING- BOOK. cube tube fume tune cure pure lute mute rude rule push bush bull full pull puss LESSON 18. haul maul dawn fawn play slay read hear feel heel blew slew prey they food good gout rout down gown know show move whom THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Previously to the invasion of Julius Cassar, Great Britain was inhabited by more than forty different tribes of Celtic origin, who, more enterprising than their neighbors, or driven before successive waves of emigration from the East, had pressed on to the very Western verge of Europe, and found a home in the British Isles. The invasion of Cassar, B. C. 55, introduced together with Roman dominion, the Latin tongue, which continued about 500 years. The Saxon invasion, A. D. 450, brought a large accession of another language of Gothic origin, which, blended with the original Celtic, and the Latin, became the language of the Britons for more than 300 years. The incursion of the Danes and Normans, A. D. 832, and the founda- tion of two new kingdoms, from Denmark, Sweden and Norway, intro- duced a new era in the history of the Language, bringing it down two centuries later. The conquest of William of Normandy, A. D. 1066, wrought another revolution. The Conqueror determined not only to establish his own dominion over the islanders, but to impose upon them a new language. Norman French was established at court, and in all public affairs ; and every effort was made in schools, to obliterate the native tongue. From this period, the language of Britainwas passing through a transition state, during the lapse of three centuries, till the time of James 1., when our modern English Language may be considered as established. The English Language is eminently a composite language, to which more than twenty others have contributed. Its principal elements, how- ever, are derived from three great families or stocks, to which most of the languages of Western Europe are to be traced ; the Celtic, the Gothic, and the Classic THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. THE CELTIC ELEMENT. More than 2000 years since, the language of the inhabitants of Great Britain was of the Celtic stock. It has been effectually supplanted by the Anglo-Saxon. Still, some of the old Celtic words have come down to our times, as memorials of the earliest inhabitants of our mother country. Local traces of this language are found in various parts of Great Britain, not unlike those which remain to us, of our own Aboriginal tribes. The names of rivers, mountains, localities, and other natural objects, in Eng- land, Scotland and Ireland, are generally Celtic, or founded on terms ori- ginating in that language. The number, however, of such words is so small, that it has not been deemed important, in the present analysis, to separate them in a class by themselves. In connection with these frag- ments of Celtic, there is a very considerable number of words that are derived from the different branches of the Gothic stock, — the Teutonic and the Scandinavian. These have been classified and arranged together, with the Celtic, in tables which follow the Anglo-Saxon proper. THE ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. The Anglo-Saxon language is the most important member of the Gothic family, and is the mother tongue of our present English. It was introduced into Great Britain by tribes of Angles and Saxons, from Ger- many, in the fifth and sixth centuries. It was probably in its best state about a thousand years ago. The change from its original Anglo-Saxon features, to our present English form, was by a long and gradual process of transition. It is impossible to determine precisely when this process was completed. But the Anglo-Saxon is emphatically the basis of our Language ; and notwithstanding the changes of thirteen centuries since it was introduced, and the vast accessions to its vocabulary and its gram- matical forms, from other languages, the traces of the great original re- main, and must continue as long as the language itself. The following analysis of the Anglo-Saxon Element shows, in some degree, how complete it was in all the constituent parts of a perfect tongue : Nouns . . . 780 Verbs 437 Nouns used also as Verbs 651 Adjectives . 239 Pronouns 47 Numeral Adjectives . . . . . . .48 Adverbs . . . . . . . . . 150 Prepositions 39 Conjunctions ........ 23 Interjections 31 Total 2445 From this, it appears that the Anglo Saxon furnishes, of itself, the whole material,— the framework of speech. The great mass of common THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. words which constitute the outline and body of our sentences, together with their general idiomatic peculiarities, belong to this language. Other branches of the Gothic family, and the languages of the South of Eu- rope, have contributed extensively to the stock of words, and in some in- stances to forms of expression. But the great distinguishing features of the mother-tongue remain, and impress upon the present English, its pe- culiar character. It is a noble language, and worthy of far more study than it has ever yet received. Its originality, beauty and power are now attracting the attention of the lovers of language, in the Old world and in the New. More particular notice of the fragmentary elements of the Celtic, and of the Gothic families, will be found on page 32 ; — and some ac- count of the Classic Elements, on page4(J, preceding the tables of words derived from the Latin Language. ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. NOUNS. LESSON 19. Bat pan hen nit fox cat lad wen rim sot hat ham bin cob soc rat sap fin cod fun vat bed kin cop nun gas den lid- cot tun can fen lip rod rug LESSON 20 The sun is up. D( d not lie in bed Now it is day. Let us go out. Do not go in the way of bad men. The eye of God is on me all the day. ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 9 LESSON 21. NOUNS. Age elk awl bee doe ale ell law lee i> foe ant elm bay ee i roe ash ill day dew toe axe inn hay ewe woe eve ore lea yew cow e gg elf son ton pea sea key oak owl hue LESSON 22. NOUNS. Bane gate lake sake alms bath path calf gang- pang scab barn yard gall hall swan glen helm hemp lent kind rind kite life nape tape lass last yarn char wadd wart neck weft pint rime nave mast star wasp well time sale flax hart bell west mile hare gnat karl hell yest mite mare lamb lark delf wren tide ware knap park desk fern tine LESSON 23. NOUNS. Wife chin kith milk twin home wild grit pith silk kirk hose wine hilt rick sill bone lore wire inch wick wind hole mote brim kiln shin twig mole yo/k 10 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. cole nose clod knob knop song colt rope dock loft pock dove dolt sloe grot loss bond word fo/k sore horn moss pond wort gold wold morn moth frog wolf LESSON 24. Take not the name of the Lord thy God in vain. God can see me and hear me. He will love them that love him. The Lord is nigh to all that fear him. He will hear them that pray to him. I must not tell a lie, nor take what is not mine. Blue ruth yule buck butt fuss murk plum slug suds tusk hair maid tail dray bead bean east flea leaf mead meal meat neap neat peak ream rear tear year LESSON 25. NOUNS. seal week weal meed earl reed head seer lead feud pear beer deer deep feet glee knee tree keel leek crew thew whey bier pier tier boar boat goat coal loaf oath road toad woad boil loin boon food loon mood rood room moon noon moor pool tool soot wood woof wool door soul soup bowl brow cowl jowl town ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 11 LESSON 26. NOUNS. Blade staff shark sedge slime thill brake craft shard smelt thigh smith snake shaft dwarf theft wight sprig crane flash schall wench bliss thing thane qualm wharf bride cliff winch knave shank glede brine crick withe spade wrath chest swine filth wist whale swath cress child finch shire badge brass helve knife flint birch batch grass knell might grist birth hatch glass shell night ridge mirth chaff marsh ledge sight skill r LESSON 27. NOUNS. Clove stone gorse fluke blain gawk drove sword north brunt brain straw grove broth stork burgh glair bread ghost cloth thong churl stair death horde clock thorn furze laird earth knoll crock tongs lungs snail pearl shore croft troth scull swain eaves sloth dross month scurf aught heath spoke frost world shrub brawn sheaf " LESSON 28. The sun shines. The day is light. The moon is fair. The night is dark. The stars are bright. Man works by day. The sky is blue. He sleeps at night. 12 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 29. NOUNS. Wheat fleet seine gloom bough youth heart queen field goose hound bourn skean reeve fiend proof mouth dough steak sheet sieve sooth south guest beech sheep thief tooth mouse guild cheek sneed roach stool trout guilt creek steed broom blood croup guile LESSON 30. NOUNS. Length tongue breath priest sledge thrush health throat wretch scythe wealth grouse flight draught hearth slough knight naught breadth drought wright breach stealth trough shrine sheath height thought flitch shears LESS friend SON 31. NOUNS. Ad' der clo' ver led' ger raf ter au ger el der lob ster semp ster hea ver ew er mad dei show er bow er gan der min stei shut ter bri er hal ser mon gei sis ter broth ei heif er moth er spi] a ster car ver hoi ster ot ter tin der chaf er lad der own er ud der cin der leath er oys ter weth er ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 13 LESSON 32. Ap pie an kle hea die NOUNS. fan' gle sic' kle gaf fle sta ble gris tie stee pie dai' sy holly bee tie ket tie thim ble i vy bram ble la die this tie la dy bu gle nee die thros tie nin ny cas tie cat tie coc kle din gle peb ble pirn pie pic kle rid die tur tie sham bles ber ry bod y pen ny per ry poppy scur vy LESSON 33. The lark sings in the morn. A leaf will fade in the fall of the year. The lake is still if the s wind does not blow. Now is the best time to do well. All work and no play will make a dull boy. All play < and no work will make LESSON 34. NOUNS. a mere toy. A 7 corn bo' som fel loe ham' let a ere brim stone fen nel hard ship a gue buck et fir kin ha tred an vil chick en flag on ha ven ash es crick et free dom hav oc ba con dar ling fur long haw thorn bar ley das tard gar lie hea then hea con dis taff gew gaw heav en be som em bers gos hawk hel met big ot em met gos ling hem lock bon fire er rand gos pel her ring bor ough far thing grot to ha zel 14 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK LESSON 35. NOUNS. Hon' ey lar' board mon' grel pip' kin hor net leas ing oak um pock et hov el linch pin offal rad ish hus tings lin den offing ran dom jack al lin net or chard ras cal ker nel lug gage ov en ra ven king dom mag got ow let read ing kitch en mus ket pad dock rein deer knowl edge mat tock pad lock run net lam prey mil dew pea cock LESSON 36. NOUNS. Satch' el stir' rup wal' let bar' row scab bard stow age wal nut bil low sem stress suck ling weap on hoi low shep herd swiv el wea sand mar row sher iff tad pole wea sel mead ow shil ling tar get wed ding mor row sin ew thresh old wee vil spar row sniv el til lage wel fare wid ow sor rel tip pet wel kin wil low stand ard tur nip wiz ard yar row star board twi bill wo man bel lows star ling twi light yeo man gal lows stew ard wag on ar row mal lows A bode' be hest' be half mo rass' ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 15 LESSON 37. NOUNS. Al' der man har' bin ger mis' tie toe bal co ny har di hood or de al bar na cle hoi ly hock scav en ger em bas sy i ci cle ter ma gant al lo' di urn am bas 7 sa dor LESSON 38. per' i win kle The Lord is good. He made all things. He takes care of you. He feeds the birds and beasts. He makes the trees grow. Hegi ves you all you have. Love him with all your tieart. Serve him all your days. LESSON 39. NOUNS; COMPOUND WORDS. Chap man fore' top in' mate fore arm grey hound in road fore foot hand maid in side fore ground hand saw in sight fore hand hand spike in step fore head hang man land lord fore lock hard ware land mark fore man hatch way mid night fore mast ice berg mid riff fore noon in come noth ing fore sail in land offset fore sight in let off spring 16 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. on' set out' law out' work on slaught out let sack cloth out break out set spend thrift out house out side step child fore' cas tie hand' ker chief o' ver sight fore fath er hoi i day south ern wood fore fin ger no bod y un der wood VERBS. LESSON 40. Ask bid wot eat woo b^y lag dig won hew low rid lug sew mow owe eke sit ail hie row own get win may vie sow sue wed irk say LESSON 41. VERBS. Bake bark melt rive swim shun take cark reck wind till shut bate char sell ding trim stun bare calk tell gild twit bawl dare warm whet give wist draw lade warn bide kill gird gUdCW wade mete bind nill bode yawn cram lend find fcnit cope slay hang wend dine live come heal have rend pine sing lose hear swag send rise spin drub ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 17 lead sear deem reek brew grow read wean feel seek chew know neal earn flee teem roam stow reap tear meet ween soak trow rear wear keep weep moot LESSON 42. VERBS. Bathe quash glide wring shear greet crave blend grind choke smear kneel graze bless write grope speak strew shake delve bring quoth steal wield shape fetch cling prove teach poach waste quell mince stunt weave droop share spend rinse spurn wreak loose fa^ge swelt singe quail learn mourn carve whelm slink stray yearn rouse gnarl wrest spill bleat swear scour halve clim6 stint heave bleed drown march chide think &nead creep bwild scrape scorch soothe breathe fledge stretch starve thieve drowse sheath( 3 quench flinch thwart loathe bleach freeze thresh shrink writhe choose cleave seethe LESSON 43. VERBS. Dark 7 en lis' ten chaf fer weF ter glad den stif fen scat ter flick er ra ven heark en spat ter gil 3 ber light en threat en swag j_ *er hin der glis ten gath er wan der lin l ger 18 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOO* with' er daz' zle dwiiV die for low fos ter hag gle min gle reck on fur ther strad die stic kle bury moul der strag gle rus tie hur ry sun der swad die hal low wor ry ad die nes tie win now an gle wres tie bor row LESSON 44. VERBS. A bate' a rise' al lay' dis own' a wake de file be lay fore look be take en shrine be wray for sake en twine em bay fore stall be have en tice in lay fore cast em blaze be gin an neal fore warn be ware be stir be reave fore lay en thrall be think in weave be fall en rich be queath fore tell in stall for bid en dear fore bode en trap for give for bear in graft fulfil for swear fore go a bet be hold be head fore know be get in fold be seech fore run be set e lope be dew fore say for get be come be shrew fore see em bed al lot be strew fore doom be deck un do be lie fore show a bide ac curse be moan mis name be stride be num& be hoove mis match be tide en trust en shroud mis spell af fright ar raign al low mis time a light en grain be stow mis give ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 19 mis do 7 mis 5 deem' out bid' out grow' mis trust out last out go with stand mis lay out ride out do with hold mis lead out give out run with draw embla'zon en light' en em bold' en em bow' er en a ble en li ven em bo som en tan gle com min gle em bod y LESSON 45. VERBS. Fore shad' ow o ver do' o ver see' fore short en o ver top o ver sleep fore to ken o ver come o ver float fore or dain' o ver run o ver load mis be have o ver turn o ver look o ver lade o ver awe o ver shoot o ver shade o ver lay o ver cloud o ver take o ver bear o ver flow o ver hang o ver hear o ver grow o ver match o ver heat o ver throw o ver set o ver leap un der take o ver whelm o ver reach un der stand o ver ride o ver spread un der write mis ap ply' mis ap pre hend' mis un der stand' A stitch in time saves nine. An oak is not cut down with one blow. A small leak will sink a great ship. A drowning 1 man will catch at a straw. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 20 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. NOUNS AND VERBS. LESSON 46. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Ape bag gag hag J a g wag ban fan cap lap nap rap tap fat mat gab gad pad wax arm car jar mar tar bet let net set wet pen hem ebb end ice din sin tin dip hip rip sip nib rib rig dot lot rot hop lop top box cup sup dun gun run sun mug lug tug dub gum nut % sty awe saw • lay lie tie oil bow low mow row tow LESSON 47. Care fare game name wane hate mate make rake wake WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. band maze wave clam span crab drag flag bank back hack rack sack fang fast hasp haft band hand land sand chap trap farm harm clap mark harp gasp spar fall halt malt ba/k ta/k wa/k swab swap salt want ward wasp wash beck deck peck bend send belt felt ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 21 LESSON 48. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Rent bite tile spit will fist edge dike mind clip dint list nest pipe time drip hint lift rest wipe hire slip mint lisp shed gibe tire ship sink hiss stem hide rise whip wink kiss step ride sigh bill dish miss help side itch fill fish gild bell dive chit hill wish grin yell hive slit mill film herd pile LESSON 49. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Skin limp fold chop lord muck trim tilt hold shop love suck lim& crib com6 crop worm rush milk bird dole drop burn hunt milt stir pole knot turn hurt mist bore cove plot club hull rift gore ford shot stub spur ring bolt hone lock stud turf king colt hope clod dust smut lick boll poke corn lust pull pick toll yoke fork rust LESSON 50. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Hail yawn seal brew shoe foot nail bray heap sley soil loom pail clay leap foam toil hoop sail play deed loam book blow 22 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. rain bear feed foal look crow bait wear heed loan rook flow claw beat need moan hood glow flaw heat seed load ooze show thaw beam weed goad boot snow hawk seam heel hoax hoof fowl dawn team reel roar roof fawn deal leer soap doom LESSON 51. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Blaze shade sa/ve belch flake share smart bench quake stare strap flesh shake black thank speck stake smack cha/k hedge frame blast sta/k wedge shame brand stall spell grave stand swamp shell shave flask sward swell stave latch swarm shred scale match watch LESSON 52. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Blind hinge fling lodge drive blink sling stock fight chink sting storm grime drink swing bulge gripe prick flirt burst pride stick smirk curse slide chill &noll churn stride drill slope cluck shine still smoke pluck ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 23 twine swill stone crum6 whine ditch snore thum6 smite hitch store grunt tithe pitch flock trust while drift &nock bilge shift horse LESSON 53. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Braid sneak shrew floor brain dread board bound drain stead hoard mound laugh tread cloak pound sauce sweat float sound spawn breed groan wound beard speed shoal cloud cheat leech brood flout gleam sleep roost shout steam sweep shoot pouch leach sleet stoop hough reach steel swoop crowd lease wheel swoon throe leave steer brook throw spear neigh flood scrape wrench spring crutch swathe stretch string drudge starch fright thrill breast strand flight twitch spread thatch stride thirst threat thwack stroke scream thrall bridge throng stream drench swinge clutch streak 24 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. wreath squeeze ground bruise fleece shield shroud sneeze groove sprout LESSON 54. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. An' swei glit' ter sheF ter ta' per bol ster hal ter sho^l der tat ter bor der ham mer show er thun der blus ter ham per sil ver tim ber clus ter hun ger slaugh ter tow er fa ther jab ber sliv er wa ter feath er lath er slum ber weath er fet ter lum ber smoth er whis per fil ter moth er stam mer win ter fin ger mur der sum mer won der fod der puck er sun der LESSON 55. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Bri' die hob 7 ble rim 7 pie throt' tie bris tie hur die rum pie trun die bun die knuc kle rus tie turn ble bus tie man tie sad die twin kle era die muz zle scuf fle wat tie dim pie net tie whis tie fiddle nib ble shac kle whit tie gig gle pud die shuf fle wyslu gle grap pie sprin kle wrin kle han die rid die tan gle ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 25 LESSON 56. WORDS USED BOTH AS NOUNS AND VERBS. Bel' low bur row el bow fur row hoi low sor row swal low wal low bios som bot torn fath' om wel come ed dy fer ry frol ic wor ship lim it pock et har bour neigh bor hand' sel lev el hand cuff har vest was sail wit ness hus band rum mage i ron mil dew out' line ar ray' at tire award dis trust hal loa mis take mis trust LESSON 57. Bad books are worse than no books. Be just and fear not. Care not for what you can not have. Do what you ought, come what may. Beggars must not be choosers. Better to live well than to live long. Better to be untaught than ill taught. Better to slip with the foot than the tongue. Better to be alone than in bad company. Birds of a feather flock together. Contentment is better than riches. Diligence is the parent of success. Deserve success if you would have it. Favor is deceitful and beauty passeth away. Goodness always enriches its possessor. A penny saved is as good as a penny earned. A soft answer turns away wrath. A guilty conscience needs no accuser. 26 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. ADJECTIVES LESSON 58. Hale main mean nice lorn brown same twain neat nigh short foul tame strain/it neap rife soft loud bare gawnt sear wide strong sour spare raw weak wild wrong south black gray deep wise wroth rough fast stern free white bold tough fat best leer big both young glad fell meek chill cold dull mad fresh meet crimp fore dun ha/f less sheen dim fold dum& rank next sheer grim more drunk dark red steep ilk most crump hard well sweet mid sore much sharp wet few milch none such smart weird new quick some full stark dead lewd rich whole tune tart deaf blind sick worst blue all bleak blithe stiff own dry small cheap bright still slow sly wan clean tight swift hoar wry warm dear high thick loath fair drear like thin shoal fain lean mild hot broad LESSON 59. ADJECTIVES. TWO SYLLABLES. CaF low mar' row meF low stead' fast fal low sal low yel low for e most far row shal low ear nest ut most ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 27 ga' rish au burn cha' ry sur' ly hip pish stal worth awk ward for ward g/mst ly han dy bus y man y a ble luke warm swarth ; y ear ly ad die bet ter mer ry heav y brit tie fie kle lit tie mic kle clev er neth er yes ter bit ter emp ty pret ty dingy diz zy read y weary naugh ty gree dy mid die nim ble for mer yon der giddy grisi ly dough ty hand some lev el oth er silly ran dom aw ful ut ter ghost ly wel come as pen ei ther come ly ful some bar ren mea gre sul ky bux om e ven na ked sul try a ware' birch en brin ded u g!y un fair o pen wick ed mur ky un like sud den rug ged rud dy un couth PRONOUNS. LESSON 60. I they their thou my mine he thy thine this that these my' self thy self him self she his him those her self it her thee them it self we its who each our selves ye our which you your what a ny self your selves them selves 28 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. ev e ry which ev er what so ev er who ev er which so ev er who so ev er what ev er NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. LESSON 61. One sev en teen five hun dred two eigh teen six hun dred three nine teen sev en hun dred four twen ty eight hun dred five thir ty nine hun dred six* for ty thou sand sev en fifty first eight six ty sec ond (Lat.) nine sev en ty third ten eigh ty fourth e lev en nine ty fifth twelve hun dred sixth thir teen one hun dred sev enth four teen two hun dred eighth fif teen three hun dred ninth six teen four hun dred tenth ADVERBS. LESSON 62. OF TIME. Aye^ af ter be times ere a gain al read y by and by erst ago be fore dai ly eft * Latin and Saxon. , , ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 29 ev er oft twice when ear ly of ten thrice whence for ev er once then while hence forth soon thence whilst hith er to still till yet late since to-day yore now some times to-mor row yes ter day nev er sel dom un til OF PLACE. Aft be sides o ver board a baft far o ver head a broad fro off a drift fore some where a float forth there a foot fur ther thith er a loft for ward thence a long here up a main hence up ward a shore hind where a' ny where hith er whith er a slope near whence a stray next whith er so ev er a sun der nigh yon a way no where yon der a far out back out ward OF QUANTITY. As e nough how so ev er all e ven lit tie any thing ev er so less al most fill ly least both great ly much 30 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. more most no thing A miss' a like a wry a g/iast else fain fast for sooth how only quite some thing too whol ly OF QUALITY. in deed name ly in stead ill like like ly lief no nay not no wise nev er no ways oth er wise o ver much out right some how so thus tru ly to geth er there fore why wise ly where fore yea yes PREPOSITIONS. At by down for from of on through to up LESSON 63. with a board a bout a bove a down a fore af ter a gainst a long a mid a midst a mong a mongst a thwart ba ting be fore be hind be neath be side be tween be yond in to o ver tow ard un der un to up on with in with out ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. 31 CONJUNCTIONS. LESSON 64. COPULATIVE. And if that both as for then since there' fore where' fore DISJUNCTIVE. But yet though wheth' er or than al though' un less' nor lest ex cept how ev er not with stand' ing O oh ah ha la eh ho lo INTERJECTIONS. LESSON 65. 10 fie pish whoa so ho' heigh ho foh poh hey tut faugh fudge pshaw a ha' heigh day hoi loa hur ra huz za eigh hist a lack a vast well a way 32 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. WORDS OF CELTIC AND OF GOTHIC ORIGIN. The following tables of words are derived from different branches or dialects, of The Celtic and of The Gothic Stocks, — the Gaelic, Welsh, and Irish; the German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, and Icelandic. They are appended to the Anglo-Saxon Element, because they have far more affinity with that family, than with either the Latin or the Greek. It is not easy to determine satisfactorily the precise derivation of these words. But almost all philologists agree in assigning their origin to some one of the above named languages. The tables contain, Nouns . Verbs 216 91 280 97 3 Nouns and Verbs Adjectives .... Adverbs .... Total 687 NOUNS. lesson m Alp lac wad leg keg fir kid kit pig hog pip hod cog bug fog jug bun cur hut tub sky pew boy Dale talc sled dump lawn gale gate mast flat dirk dirt lump rump craw teal haze lane lack slag gill whim gust runt goar boom mane vane flag ball wisp zinc muff ruff boor loop bard bran mote gyve wool wand clan hose type down bass slab bulk lair gown crag snag pert glen bush luck bait gait quip WORDS OF CELTIC AND OF GOTHIC ORIGIN. 33 Glade waltz crone dunce slave yacht shore hunks stave dregs stove mumps bloom barge snipe prong plush prank brink fluke skull snack frith bunch waist staff grist clump groat groin booth groom sloop spoon bough quartz sledge scribe strife brogue league sleight NOUNS. LESSON 67. Bra' ker whis ker po ker huck ster pitch er rob ber rud der schoon er sla ver cas ter cob bier dol lar dwel ler boas ter bung ler lub ber scul ler skip per rock er ro ver trig' ger ei der slov en gar ret gar lie ca ble ga ble hue kle mea sles stop pie stub ble nick el boo by lob by bis muth co bait dud geon dump ling strip ling dwel ling kid' ling cas ting pump kin jer kin bus kin bow sprit hatch et rock et su et crick et has let gant let rub bish so da trol lop clay more vam pyre pack age riff raff slug gard cus' tard tank ard flapjack kit cat blud geon pi broch a pron win dow fel low mat tress flan nel fun nel fag ot har lot rab bit hob by ker sey dai ry whis ky hur ly 34 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. Hap' pi ness lul la by flip pan cy mul ber ry Aim' si ness wan ton ness den i zen grid i ron how' it zer bick er ing flum mer y back gam 7 mon Nab beg rob put die Slake baste flare glare dwell Kid' nap ran sack cob ble cud die scrab ble grab ble wab ble mum ble rum ble fum ble grum ble dan die VERBS. LESSON 68. haw bask rove lurk fcnab blab pose hurl rave weld poke maim rate etch loll hawk wage flit plod beat seem pour smelt swerve strive skulk raise fon' die med die swin die muffle whif fle bog gle gog gle tin gle dan gle gag gle smug gle ivrig gle craunch crawl sprawl blear steep tin' gle crim pie dap pie rav el has ten hap pen tight en squan der whim per tarn per han ker gloat moult crouch bick' er cow er low er low er hov er loi ter smat ter tar ry be long' en snare la veer WORDS OF ( CELTIC AND 01 ? GOTHIC ORIGIN. 35 NOUNS AND VERBS. LESSON 69. Hap nip bog hop mud lag pin dog sop hum tag tip jog hoe paw pat box fob rub toy fit Cake flap trip slur snub rake slap swig drub slug race snap dote club tuck bang rant mope duck bung hank rasp doze bump plait lack raff poll lump wail pack mesh toll jump rail tack wire clog drum daub brag wing cost husk sway bark link toss gull jeer darn pink plot gush boom cast kick prop hush hoot dash lick rock lull hoop lash nick dock puff root lath tick spot push rout mash skin stop gulp howl gasp skip curl scum blow sham snip purl grub 36 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOB Haste quack stilt thrum prate smelt strip trail snare whelp twist creak skate wreck whisk dream &nack slice scorn freak stack smile score leak clash spite scold reef clasp splice sport screw hatch shirt block boast cramp skirt notch quoit stamp spirt blush crook clamp twirl flush scoop scalp whirl hunch snout start chirp plumb spout swash click scrub cough slash clink snuff growl snarl frisk stuff scowl squall skiff strut guess tramp split stump NOUNS AND VERBS. LESSON 70. Glance clinch grudge screech prance switch sprain shriek squall cringe flaunt bounce snatch shrimp screak flounce stripe splint squeak plough splice squint squeal sluice 1 WORDS OF CELTIC AND OF GOTHIC ORIGIN. 37 Bab' ble tin' kle tin 7 ker cab' in ram ble free kle glim mer la bel scram ble pic kle blis ter cud gel war ble crim pie gar ter wan ton hud die tram pie mus ter cush ion snaf fle prat tie shiv er seal lop ruf fle rat tie lack er wain scot ri fle star tie clat ter hie cough tri fle tat tie smat ter dock et jan gle driz zle shat ter fidg et gar gle puz zle splin ter gar den man gle blub ber flut ter her aid span gle cum ber shut ter har row shin gle blun der stut ter lat tice jin gle plun der teth er pack et bun die floun der twit ter tal low tac kle shud der tot ter beg gar cac kle wa fer coz en block ade' crin kle ADJECTIVES. LESSON 71. Pat fast damp tight plump fleet odd sham slant slim blunt meek shy tall harsh shrill gruff sleek low rash pert fond huge queer flat crank slight dusk blear stout dank 38 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. slen' der nig gard bush y bulk y luck y husk y lath y leak y curl y dream y stur dy happy Aim sy down y crag gy AF pine bar die flip pant freak ish brack ish quack ish slug gish ra kish dump ish sla vish snap pish boor ish slut tish toy ish flip pant cum' brous spor tive crook ed club bed dog ged scrag ged wad ded stri ped tac kled free kled mud dy low ly sa ble lim ber dap per clum' sy clog gy cost ly seem ly kim bo spite ful fitful mi ry drow sy has ty nas ty scan ty dir ty do zy lazy med' die some low' er most dog' ger el cum ber some whim si cal he ral' die a skance' ADVERBS, a skant' a squint' ANGLO-INDIAN ELEMENT. 39 ANGLO-INDIAN ELEMENT The following words are derived from the Languages of the Aboriginal tribes of North and South America. They have become so fully incor- porated as a part of the English Language, that they and other more un- usual words not here included, may appropriately be entitled the Anglo- Indian Element. NOUNS. LESSON 72. Maize rac coon moose sa chem samp to tern squaw warn pum ca noe wig warn ca cique hack ma tack con dor man 1 to cou gar moc ca sm la ma po ta to pa paw to bac co pow ow sag a more pe can sue ca tash pap poose torn a hawk 40 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. THE LATIN ELEMENT. The origin of the Latin Language, like the early history of the Ro- man Empire, is involved in great obscurity. It is supposed to have been derived from a dialect of the Greek, corrupted and mingled with othei languages. The migratory character of society in those early ages, and the revolutions of conquest, subjected language to perpetual change. The language of the founders of Rome, 753 B. C, was doubtless barba- rous and uncultivated, compared with the noble tongue of Virgil, Cicero, and Caesar, in the Augustan age. It was a long and gradual process to combine the rude elements of which it was originally composed, into that harmonious, energetic, and flowing language, which embodied, at the commencement of the Christian era, the literature, poetry, eloquence, philosophy, and laws, of the Mistress of the World. It was also by slow and almost imperceptible steps, that it was deteriorated, and finally lost, as a spoken language, by the overthrow of the Empire, and the subjuga- tion of Italy to the northern barbarians. It was, however, spoken with much correctness in the seventh century ; and even for two or three cen- turies later, it was, throughout Europe, the reigning language in the re- public of letters. The extent to which it has contributed to form our present English, appears at a glance, from the following pages. The tables of this element exhibit : — Nouns 2084 Verbs 1026 Nouns and Verbs .... 147 Adjectives 1203 4460 In view of this exhibition of the Latin Element, the authors of this book cannot repress the sentiment, that the study of this language is in- valuable in giving a clear and accurate knowledge of our own tongue. Without some knowledge of the Latin, no one can really understand or appreciate the copiousness, beauty, and force of the present English. And it is confidently believed, that this little book will not only contribute to correct many popular errors in respect to the composition of our lan- guage, but to establish the conviction that the study oi the Latin, to some extent, should be an indispensable part of the education of every well informed person. It is, of itself, one of the finest models of language in all antiquity. It has exerted more influence over the intellect, moral character, and destiny of Europe, for twenty centuries, than any other, and it forms one of the largest ingredients of our own. For richness, flexibility, and power, it has scarcely a parallel. Much of the Latin is introduced directly into the English, but some of it, not until it has undergone more or less change, by previous adoption and modification in the French. FRENCH, ITALIAN, SPANISH, AND GREEK ELEMENTS. 41 THE FRENCH ELEMENT. The Language of the primitive Gauls was Celtic. The conquest of Gaul by Julius Caesar, introduced the Latin. The overthrow of the Western Roman Empire, and the irruption of the northern tribes, brought in new elements, which, mingling with the original Celtic and the Latin, formed a corrupt and variable language called the Romance. This was distinguished by two branches, the northern and the southern, the former of which is the mother tongue of our modern French. Nouns 361 Verbs 118 Nouns and Verbs . . . . . 256 Adjectives 41 Adverbs 4 780 THE ITALIAN AND THE SPANISH ELEMENTS. The Italian and the Spanish Languages, like the French, sprung up from the ruins of the Roman Empire. In the overthrow of this great Fourth Kingdom of the Prophecy of Daniel, and the division of its fragments among Ten new Kings, the work of dismemberment seems to have been effected, as at Babel, by the confusion of tongues. And these new languages may be viewed as the offspring of revolution, and also as the instruments in the hand of the Great Ruler of Nations in bringing it about. The precise date of their origin cannot be determined. Monumental inscriptions and fragmentary remains show that they are not far from a thousand years old. It is not unlikely that while the Anglo-Saxon was undergoing its transformation in Great Britain, the Latin, in the South of Europe, was passing through the changes which have resulted in four distinct languages, yet all bearing ineffaceable traces of their common origin. THE GREEK ELEMENT. Nothing satisfactory can be known of the origin or early history of the Greek Language. There is great diversity of opinion, as to the period when it first began to be expressed in writing. The Greeks, as a people, are supposed to have had an existence about 2000 years, — from seventeen 42 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. centuries before, till three centuries after Christ. According to the gen- eral opinion, Cadmus introduced the alphabet, originally consisting of 16 letters, from Phenicia into Greece, about 1500 years before Christ, but the use of the alphabet and of prose writing, was not common, until the intro- duction of the Egyptian papyrus, about one thousand years later. The finest specimens of Greek, that have come down to us, are the writings of Homer and of Hesiod, about 900 years B. C. It is one of the most re- markable phenomena in human tongues, that a language so beautiful and perfect should have reached such a state of cultivation, at this early period, when the elements of society had scarcely emerged from a chaotic state, when nothing was reduced to writing, and when the numbers of the poet, and the narratives of the historian, were communicated only in oral ad- dress, and were transmitted to successive generations, solely by the memo- ries of the hearers. The Greek language is also remarkable for its great duration. It was honored, and has been preserved, as the instrument of Revelation ; and will continue as long as Revelation shall remain to bless mankind. A considerable vocabulary from this language, has been introduced into our own ; and to this day terms of art, and science, are chiefly furnished from the Greek. This element presents the following accessions to our language : Nouns 621 Verbs 35 Nouns and Verbs . . ... 34 Adjectives .188 878 The minor elements of the Hebrew, Arabic, Chaldee, Persian, and Turkish, do not require any particular notice in this volume. From this Analysis of the English Language it would truly seem that if we look back to the early history of the present Anglo-Saxon language, we see it "approaching Great Britain, and coming down to us, in two great, but unequal streams ; one, from the shores of the Baltic, passing along the countries of middle Europe, — and the other, leaving Greece, and winding its way along the shores of the Mediterranean, finally reaching us through France." These two streams, in their courses, have been gathering, as it were, from all countries and all ages, the ingredients of the vast alluvium which now constitutes the bulk of our English tongue ; a tongue which perhaps we are entitled to regard, even now, as the domi- nant language of the earth. LATIN ELEMENT. 43 LATIN ELEMENT. NOUNS LESSON 73. Ac' cu ra cy mag' is tra cy com' mon al ty del i ca cy ef fi ca cy ob du ra cy ob sti na cy may or al ty hes i tan cy in ti ma cy prof li ga cy oc cu pan cy in tri ca cy cas u al ty per ti nen cy ad' age vir lage pas' tur age coin age her bage vis age bev er age car til age per son age pu pil age tu tel age im age fo li age tu tor age pas sage plu mage suf frage her i tage lin e age mu ci lage ver bi age ap pen' dage u sage pat ron age sac' ri lege ca nal' dec' i mal ar ri' val por' tal fu ner al avow al ri val hos pi tal de ni al sig nal in ter val dis mis sal an i mal la bi al dis po sal ar se nal min er al es pou sal car di nal car ni val cor o nal prod i gal rit u al ap prais' al pe ru sal pro po sal re ci tal 44 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. re mov' al trans mit' tal me mo' ri al re vers al tri bu nal dis ap prov' al re vi sal con fes sion al in di vid u al re vi val ma te ri al LESSON 74. NOUNS. tes ti mo ni al Clear' ance al le' giance in su' ranee dis tance al li ance ma lig nance fra grance an noy ance o bei sance in stance ac cep tance ob ser vance pen ance ac cor dance pu is sance sub stance ac quain tance re luc tance ar ro gance af fi ance re mit tance cir cum stance ad mit tance re mon strance cog ni zance ap pear ance re pug nance con so nance ap pli ance re sis tance dis so nance as sis tance con tin' u ance el e gance as su ranee de liv er ance ig no ranee at ten dance ex or bi tance or di nance com pli ance ex trav a gance ra di ance con ni vance ex u ber ance sus te nance con tri vance lux u ri ance tern per ance de fi ance pre dom i nance tol er ance dis cor dance pre cip i tance va ri ance dis tur bance pre pon der ance vig il ance im por tance pro tu ber ance a bun dance in cum brance sig nif i cance cant claim' ant rem' nant chant in fant ser vant plant quad rant ten ant LATIN ELEMENT. 45 Ad' a mant ad ju tant ap pli cant con fi dant cor mo rant LESSON 75. NOUNS. cov' e nant dis pu tant em i grant lit i gant men di cant mis ere ant oc cu pant stim u lant sup pli cant vis i tant ap pel' lant ac count ant as sail 7 lant at ten dant de fen 7 dant de seen dant com mu' ni cant in hab' i tant par tic i pant pal' ace com merce chal ice cor nice jus tice mal ice no tice of fice prac tice ser vice sol stice prov ince prod uce ar ti fice ar ; mis tice ben e fice ed i fice or i fice prec i pice prej u dice pop u lace Fal 7 la cy leg a cy lu na cy pa pa cy prel a cy pri va cy ri val ry pen al ty LESSON 76. NOUNS. roy' al ty en e my in fa my fla gran cy in fan cy va can cy in fan try ten ant ry li' bra ry no ta ry o va ry ro sa ry sal a ry sec ta ry vo ta ry va ga ry 46 THE ENGLISH SPELLING .1 BOOK. se' ere cy fam' i iy quan' ti ty rem e dy mu ti ny rax i ty el e gy su&t il ty sane ti ty a gen cy an ces try san i ty clem en cy tap es try scar ci ty co gen cy den tis try suav i ty cur ren cy min is try trav es ty de cen cy reg is try trin i ty fer ven cy am i ty u ni ty flu en cy brev i ty van i ty fire quen cy cav i ty ver i ty pen den cy char i ty cus to dy po ten cy chas ti ty col o ny pun gen cy cru di ty fac to ry re gen cy de i ty mem o ry ten den cy den si ty vie to ry prog e ny dig ni ty ob lo quy lib er ty en mi ty col lo quy prop er ty en ti ty fac ul ty pu ber ty eq ui ty cal um ny chan cer y fal si ty com pa ny gro cer y grav i ty au gu ry im age ry lax i ty injury mis e ry len i ty mer cu ry hon es ty lev i ty pen u ry maj es ty nul li ty perjury mod es ty par i ty u su ry pi e ty pan ci ty in dus try mim ic ry priv i ty dep u ty per fi dy prob i ty min strel sy effigy pu ri ty en treat' y prod i gy qual i ty in qui ry LATIN ELEMENT. 47 LESSON 77. NOUNS. Foun' dry na' vy que' ry city party stud y lily plen ty ves try fact pros' pect ad' junct tract e diet de feet' con' tact ver diet ef feet sect in stinct in tel lect as' pect pre cinct aq' ue duct in sect prod uct vale rid 7 i cule par' ti cle bile fa ble spec ta cle len' tile sta ble tu ber cle mis sile man di ble ve hi cle rep tile pre am' ble can die dom i cile mus' cle tri an gle sim i le ar ti cle scru pie cap sule fas ci cle con ven' ti cle fer ule mir a cle re cep ta cle fer rule ob sta cle tab' er na cle pro jec' tile or a cle par ti ci pie case clause ap plause' prose pulse re cluse rose im' pulse chan' nel car' tel se' quel chap el du el ap par' el coun sel libel cit' a del 48 THE ENGLISH SPELLING- BOOK. in' fi del sen ti nel pu' pil vig il u ten sil con' sul coun cil cod i cil LESSON 78. NOUNS. Ab' sence ca dence con 7 se quence con ti nence neg' li gence op u lence con science def er ence pen i tence ere dence dif fer ence per ma nence es sence dil i gence pes ti lence pa tience ef flu ence pref er ence sci ence el o quence prom i nence se quence de fence' em i nence ev i dence prov i dence red o lence of fence ex i gence ref er ence pre tence frau du lence res i dence at/ sti nence im po tence rev er ence af flu ence im pu dence som no lence au di ence in do lence tur bu lence com pe tence in fer ence ve he mence con fer ence in flu ence vi o lence con fi dence in no cence con flu ence in so lence ab hor' rence de pen' dence oc cur' rence ad he rence de spon dence om nis cience co he rence di ver gence per sis tence con cres cence ef ful gence pre ce dence con cur rence ex cres cence pu tres cence con do lence ex is tence re cur rence con ven ience im pa tience re ful gence convergence im pru dence ' LATIN ELEMENT. 49 be ncf i cence ex pe 7 ri ence mu nif i cence be nev o lence im prov i dence o be di ence cir cum fer ence in tel li gence om nip o tence co in ci dence mag nif i cence sub ser vi ence ex pe di ence ma lev o lence ef fer ves' cence ef flo res' cence dis o be di ence LESSON 79. NOUNS. rem i nis' cence Dent re' gent fer' ment tent ser pent frag ment vent stu dent mo ment a' gent tal ent move ment ad vent tan gent pig ment cli ent tor rent seg ment con vent tri dent state ment cres cent aug ment vest ment as cent' de scent' ex tent' ce ment e vent in tent ac' ci dent in' ci dent pres' i dent con ti nent oc ci dent res i dent es cu lent prec e dent ab sor' bent de po' nent re spon' dent ad he rent op po nent dis con tent' a pe' ri ent per cip' i ent in gre di ent re cip' i ent 50 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. AF i nient gov 7 ern ment ra 7 di ment ar gu ment lig a ment sac ra ment blan dish ment lin i ment sed i ment chas tis£ ment in stru ment sen ti ment det ri ment in ere ment sup pie ment doc u ment mon u ment ten e ment el e ment nu tri ment tes ta ment em i grant or na ment fil a ment reg i ment a base 7 ment con sigri ment in trench 7 ment ac quire ment dis cern ment in vest ment adjust ment e ject ment post pone ment a mend ment en act ment pre fer ment a muse ment ex cite ment lin 7 e a ment con ceal ment in duce ment tern per a ment con dole ment in ter ment com mand ment . in fringe ment de vel r op ment ex per 7 i ment in teg 7 u ment dis fig ure ment ha bil i ment pre die a ment e mol u ment im ped i ment med' i ca ment ag gran 7 dize ment LESSON 80. NOUNS. Cen' ser gro 7 cer chap 7 ter fen cer lar der mem ber fen der mat ter mi ser fe ver cham ber mon ster gin ger chand ler cor ner LATIN ELEMENT. 51 part' ner lee' tur er in sur' er plan ter mar i ner in va der por ter mes sen ger ob ser ver promp ter of fi cer of fen der quar ter pen sion er op po ser tern per pol ish er pi las ter temp ter prom is er pro vi der trans fer pub lish er re join der clois ter ques tion er re port er ul cer reg is ter tran scri ber vi per scriv en er u sur per vo ter sor cer er com mis' sion er ar bi ter sta tion er ex am in er car pen ter com man' der im ag in er can is ter de ser ter in ter pret er cou ri er dis as ter prac ti tion er cu cum ber dis claim er pe ti tion er far ri er dis sen ter pro ba tion er in te ger dis tern per fi bre ju ni pei dis tur ber lus tre la bor er em ploy er LESSON 81. NOUNS. sep ul chre Ab' scess em 7 press laun' dress ac cess' for tress proc ess con' gress in gress prog ress e gress lar gess re cess' ex cess' clas' sic fab' ric re pub' lie hi na tic 52 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. line fam' ine lib' er tine spine rap ine med i cine vine ma chine' pal a tine doc' trine dis' ci pline de' ist pu' gil ist pla' gi ar ism de ism pu gil ism fa nat' i cism den tist ro man ist per fee tion ist flo rist ro man ism per fee tion ism ju rist vul gar ism sen' su al ist pa pist du el list sen su al ism que rist fab u list pro vin' cial ism sta tist hu mor ist som nam bu list eg o tist oc u list som nam bu lism eg o tism mor al ist ven tril o quist fa tal ist sci o list ven tril o quism fa tal ism fa vor it ism ab o li' tion ist for mal ist lit er al ist ab o li tion ism for mal ism lit er al ism a gri cul tu rist lat in ist nat u ral ist ma te' ri al ist lat in ism nat u ral ism ma te ri al ism pi e tist pa tri ot ism re pub li can ism pi e tism pla gi ar ist re vo lu' tion ist cuV prit or' bit sum' mit dig it plau dit trans it hab it pul pit u nit lim it spir it de mer' it me' di um o' pi um de lir' i um o di um i com pen' di um ef flu vi um LATIN ELEMENT. 53 em po' ri um mil len' ni um e qui lib 7 ri um ex or di um op pro bri um LESSON 82. NOUNS. Ar' son par' son sa/m' on cal dron ma tron ser mon can non pa tron ob liv' i on font front fount mount ac tor stu por chan' eel lor cam phor ten or coun cil lor cap tor ter ror coun sel lor cen sor tor por cred i tor doc tor tre mor ed i tor do nor tu mor em per or er ror tu tor jan i tor fac tor vie tor mon i tor flex or ar bor or a tor hor ror ar dor sen a tor ju ror can dor serv i tor Ian guor clam or vis i tor lie tor clan gor con due' tor liq uor fer vor con fes sor major o dor con struc tor pal lor rig or con trac tor pas tor ru mor ere a tor rec tor splen dor die ta tor sa por val or di rec tor sculp tor va por di vi sor spon sor vig or e lee tor squal or au di tor e qua tor 5* 54 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. ex ac' tor - spec ta' tor co ad ju tor ex ten sor sue ces sor mal e fac tor im pos tor tes ta tor me di a tor in ci sor tor men tor com' men ta tor in spec tor trans gres sor gen er a tor in struc tor trans la tor leg is la tor in ven tor com pet i tor lib er a tor nar ra tor com pos i tor nav i ga tor op pres sor con spir a tor per se cu tor pre cep tor ex ec u tor vi o la tor pre cur sor ex pos i tor in ter' ro ga tor pro fes sor in quis i tor ne go ci a tor pro jec tor pro gen i tor pa cif i ca tor pro tec tor pro pri e tor pro eras ti na tor re flee tor so lie i tor prog nos ti ca tor re la tor ben e fac' tor LESSON 83. NOUNS. in ter loc' u tor Code at' ti tude promp' ti tude mode clar i tude rec ti tude prude for ti tude ser vi tude prel' ude grat i tude sol i tude frat ri cide hab i tude tur pi tude horn i cide in ter lude be at' i tude mat ri cide las si tude de crep i tude par ri cide lat i tude dis qui e tude reg i cide Ion gi tude ex ac ti tude in fan' ti cide ma^ ni tude in fin i tude ac ri tude mul ti tude sim il i tude al ti tude plat i tude so lie i tude ap ti tude plen i tude vi cis si tude LATIN ELEMENT. 55 cine ture struc' ture dis clo' sure crea ture su ture dis pleas ure cul ture ten ure e ra sure fis sure ton sure im pos ture fix ture ves ture in clo sure flex ure vul ture in den ture ges ture ap er ture pro ce dure junc ture cur va ture ju' di ca ture na ture ep i cure lit er a ture pas ture for feit ure tern per a ture pos ture lig a ture ag ri cul ture punc ture sep ul ture leg is la ture rap ture sig na ture ex pen di ture scrip ture ad ven' ture in ves ti ture sculp ture com mix ture dis com po' sure stat ure com po sure LESSON 84. NOUNS. pri mo gen' i ture Ci vir ian me rid' i an dis ci pli na' ri an col le gi an an ti qua' ri an lat i tu di na ri an li bra ri an ne ces sa ri an valetudinarian le 7 gion sus pic 7 ion do min' ion car ri on con ta gion o pin ion cham pi on re lig ion com mu nion co er' cion pa vil ion com pan ion sua' sion e va' sion per sua' sion ab ra sion in va sion per va sion dis sua sion oc ca sion ad he' sion co he' sion in he' sion 56 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. vis' ion col lis ion di vis' ion e lis ion pre cis' ion pro vis ion con cis ion ex cis ion re vis ion de cis ion in cis ion su per vis' ion cir cum cis ion cor ro' sion e ro' sion ex plo' sion a vul' sion com pul sion con vul sion di vul' sion e mul sion ex pul sion re vul' sion im pul' sion pro pul sion re pul sion man sion de clen' sion sus pen' sion pen sion ten sion di men sion dis sen sion ap pre hen' sion com pre hen sion ex pan' sion ex ten sion con de seen sion as cen sion pre ten sion rep re hen sion fu' sion af fu' sion con tu' sion de lu sion il lu' sion in fu sion al lu sion col lu sion con clu sion con fu sion de tru sion dif fu sion ef fu sion ex clu sion in tru sion pro fu sion pro tru sion trans fu sion ver' sion e mer' sion re ver sion a ver sion ex cur sion sub mer sion as per sion im mer sion sub ver sion con ver sion in cur sion in ter sper sion dis per sion in ver sion an i mad ver sion di ver sion i per ver sion LATIN ELEMENT. 57 Ad' vo ca cy con tu ma cy ad ver sa ry an ti qua ry a vi a ry bre vi a ry com mis sa ry em is sa ry die tion a ry dig ni ta ry com men ta ry ce lib' a cy con spir a cy su prem a cy dis pen sa ry ju di cia ry in fir ma ry dis til ler y ef fron ter y dis cov er y per fu mer y ma chin e ry con fee to ry ail dac' i ty ca pac i ty lo quae i ty men dac i ty LESSON 85, NOUNS. es' tu a ry func tion a ry lap i da ry lu mi na ry mis sion a ry sem i na ry stat u a ry in ven to ry dor mi to ry or a to ry prom on to ry con sis' to ry di rec to ry dis crep an cy ex pec tan cy re dun dan cy com pla cen cy con sis ten cy con tin gen cy e mer gen cy in cum ben cy in sol ven cy o pac' i ty pug nac i ty ra pac i ty sa gac i ty pur' ga to ry ter ri to ry ig no min y ac ri mo ny cer e mo ny mat ri mo ny par si mo ny pat ri mo ny sane ti mo ny tes ti mo ny con tro ver sy per sis' ten cy trans pa ren cy de fi cien cy ef fi cien cy pro fi cien cy suf fi cien cy e bri e ty im pi e ty pro pri e ty sa ti e ty so ci e ty va ri e ty te nac' i ty ve rac i ty vi vac i ty du plic i ty 58 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. fe lie' i ty bru tal' i ty lo car i ty pub lie i ty cau sal i ty mo ral i ty rus tic i ty e qual i ty mor tal i ty sim plic i ty fa tal i ty neu tral i ty a troc i ty fi del i ty plu ral i ty pre coc i ty for mal i ty to tal i ty ve loc i ty fru gal i ty ve nal i ty mon stros i ty le gal i ty LESSON 86- NOUNS. vi tal i ty A giT i ty fri vol' i ty vir gin' i ty a nil i ty ere du li ty im mu ni ty ci vil i ty gar ru li ty im pu ni ty de bil i ty in fir mi ty dis par i ty do cil i ty ca lam i ty hi lar i ty due til i ty ex trem i ty po lar i ty fa cil i ty prox im i ty vul gar i ty fer til i ty sub lim i ty as per i ty fra gil i ty hu man i ty aus ter i ty fu til i ty in an i ty ce ler i ty hos til i ty in san i ty dex ter i ty hu mil i ty pro fan i ty pos ter i ty mo bil i ty ur ban i ty pros per i ty no bil i ty a men i ty se ver i ty scur ril i ty ob seen i ty te mer i ty se nil i ty se ren i ty ma jor i ty ser vil i ty af fin i ty mi nor i ty ste ril i ty di vin i ty im pu ri ty u til i ty in fin i ty ma tu ri ty vi ril i ty la tin i ty ob scu ri ty tran quil i ty vi cin i ty se cu ri ty LATIN ELEMENT. 59 con cav i ty stu picT i ty in ten 7 si ty de prav i ty ti mid i ty pro pen si ty Ion gev i ty tor pid i ty ad ver si ty ac tiv i ty tur gid i ty di ver si ty ac cliv i ty va lid i ty di vin i ty cap tiv i ty vis cid i ty per ver si ty de cliv i ty com mod i ty ne ces si ty fes tiv i ty fe cun di ty com plex i ty na tiv i ty pro fun di ty con vex i ty pro cliv i ty ro tun di ty per plex i ty a cid i ty ab sur di ty pro lix i ty a vid i ty de for mi ty an nu i ty cu pid i ty e nor mi ty con gru i ty flac cid i ty e ter ni ty fa tu i ty flu id i ty fra ter ni ty for tu i ty fri gid i*ty ma ter ni ty gra tu i ty hu mid i ty pa ter ni ty te nu i ty li quid i ty in dig ni ty va cu i ty lu cid i ty ma lig ni ty an tiq ui ty pla cid i ty in teg ri ty in iq ui ty ra pid i ty ce leb ri ty ob liq ui ty ri gid i ty sa lu bri ty u biq ui ty so lid i ty im men si ty pro pin qui ty LESSON 87. NOUNS. Con fed' e ra cy in ap 7 pe ten cy in cen 7 di a ry de gen e ra cy sub ser vi en cy con ser va to ry in vet e ra cy con fee tion a ry de pos i to ry pre cip i tan cy con tern po ra ry dis pen sa to ry sig nif i can cy vo cab u la ry re pos i to ry ex pe di en cy vo lup tu a ry lab 7 o ra to ry 60 THE ENGLISH SPELLING- BOOK. an ni ver' sa ry in si picT i ty per spi cu' i ty pen i ten tia ry in tre pid i ty su per flu i ty man u fac to ry in va lid i ty in ac tiv i ty in ter rog a to ry af fa bil i ty con ge ni al' i ty in ad ver ten cy cred i bil i ty con viv i al i ty per spi cac i ty du ra bil i ty il lib er al i ty per ti nac i ty fal li bil i ty o rig i nal i ty mul ti plic i ty ha si bil i ty combustibility rec i proc i ty flex i bil i ty compressibility gen e ral i ty fu si bil i ty de fee ti bil i ty il le gal i ty im be cil i ty dis cerp ti bil i ty im mo ral i ty in ci vil i ty di vis i bil i ty im mor tal i ty in sta bil i ty ex pan si bil i ty lit er al i ty ju ve nil i ty im mu ta bil i ty per son al i ty mu ta bil i ty im pres si bil i ty prod i gal i ty pal pa bil i ty in fal li bil i ty sen su al i ty pos si bil i ty in vin ci bil i ty fa mil iar i ty pu er il i ty dis sim i lar i ty pe cul iar i ty ver sa til i ty in fe ri or i ty joe u lar i ty mag na nim i ty su pe ri or i ty pop u lar i ty mul ti for mi ty in stru men tal i ty reg u lar i ty con san guin i ty mu ni ci pal i ty sim i lar i ty im por tu ni ty ap pli ca bil i ty sen i or i ty op por tu ni ty dis sol u bil i ty me di oc ri ty am bi gu i ty el i gi bil i ty an i mos i ty as si du i ty pen e tra bil i ty gen e ros i ty con spi cu i ty men su ra bil i ty sin u os i ty con ti gu i ty pu sil Ian im i ty u ni ver si ty con ti nu i ty plenipotentiary so ci al i ty in ge nu i ty in di vid u al' i ty in fi del i ty per pe tu i ty in tel li gi bil i ty LATIN ELEMENT. 61 Pas' sion ces sion ses sion ac ces' sion ag gres sion com pas sion com pres sion con ces sion con fes sion mis' sion ab scis' sion ad mis sion com mis sion LESSON 88. NOUNS. de pres' sion di gres sion ex pres sion im pres sion in gres sion op pres sion pos ses sion pro ces sion pro fes sion dis mis' sion e mis sion o mis sion per mis sion con cus' sion dis cus' sion na' tion ra tion pro gres sion re ces sion se ces sion sue ces sion sup pres sion trans gres sion in ter ces sion pre pos ses sion re tro gres sion re mis' sion trans mis sion in ter mis' sion man u mis sion per cus' sion sta' tion car na tion cau sa tion ces sa tion ci ta tion do na tion du ra tion e qua tion for ma tion foun da tion gra da tion le ga tion lu na' tion mu ta tion no ta tion ob la tion o ra tion o va tion plan ta tion po ta tion pri va tion pro ba tion pul sa tion pur ga tion quo ta tion ro ga tion ro ta tion sal va tion sen sa tion tax a tion temp ta tion vo ca tion vex a tion 62 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. Ab er ra' tion ab ju ra tion ac cep ta tion ac cla ma tion ac cu sa tion ad ap ta tion ad mi ra tion ad o ra tion ad u la tion af fee ta tion af fir ma tion al le ga tion al li ga tion am bu la tion an nex a tion ap pel la tion ap pli ca tion ap pro ba tion at tes ta tion aug men ta tion av o ca tion commendation com bi na tion com pi la tion com mu ta tion com pu ta tion con dem na tion con fir ma tion con fla gra tion con for ma tion LESSON 89. NOUNS. con fu ta' tion con ge la tion con ju ra tion con ser va tion con so la tion con stel la tion con ster na tion con sul ta tion con ver sa tion cor o na tion cor po ra tion dec la ma tion dec la ra tion dec li na tion de fal ca tion def a ma tion deg ra da tion de por ta tion dep ri va tion dep u ta tion der i va tion des pe ra tion des ti na tion det es ta tion dis pen sa tion dis pu ta tion dis ser ta tion dis til la tion div i na tion du bi ta tion e men da' tion ev o ca tion ex al ta tion ex cla ma tion ex ha la tion ex hor ta tion ex pec ta tion ex pi ra tion ex pla na tion ex plo ra tion ex por ta tion ex ul ta tion fed e ra tion fer men ta tion fig u ra tion fil i a tion fo men ta tion hab i ta tion im por ta tion im pu ta tion in can ta tion in car na tion in cli na tion in dig na tion in flam ma tion in for ma tion in spi ra tion in stal la tion in to na tion in vi ta tion LATIN ELEMENT. 63 In vo ca' tion lam en ta tion lim i ta tion lu cu bra tion men' sir ra tion min is tra tion mol es ta tion ob scu ra tion ob ser va tion oc cu pa tion oc cul ta tion or di na tion os ten ta tion per spi ra tion per tur ba tion prep a ra tion LESSON 90. NOUNS. pres er va' tion proc la ma tion prof a na tion pro Ion ga tion prot es ta tion prov o ca tion pub li ca tion re can ta tion rec i ta tion ref or ma tion ref u ta tion reg is tra tion re lax a tion rep a ra tion rep u ta tion res er va tion res ig na' tion res pi ra tion res to ra tion rev e la tion rev o ca tion sal u ta tion scin til la tion stran gu la tion trans mu ta tion trans por ta tion trep i da tion trib u la tion u sur pa tion val u a tion va ri a tion vis i ta tion ac cen tu a' tion disap probation re al i za' tion ad min is tra tion dis fig u ra tion rec om men da tion al lit er a tion dis in cli na tion re nun ci a tion ar gu men ta tion hal lu ci na tion rep re sen ta tion civ il i za tion im ag i na tion re tro gra da tion col o ni za tion in ter pre ta tion so lie i ta tion con fig u ra tion man i fes ta tion trans fi^ u ra tion con sid e ra tion man ip u la tion gen er al i za'tion con tin u a tion mul ti pli ca tion supereroga tion de ter mi na tion or gan i za tion interlineation di lap i da tion pro nun ci a tion rec on cil i a tion Note. A large number of nouns, ending in ation, are formed directly from verbs in ate. The teacher is referred to the table of verbs, Lessons 96, 97, 98, and 99, for an exercise both in the orthography and deriva- tion of such words. 64 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. Ac' tion fac tion frac tion ab strac' tion at trac tion con trac tion de trac tion LESSON 91. NOUNS. dis trac' tion ex trac tion in frac tion pro trac tion re trac tion sub trac tion trans ac tion ben e fac' tion liq ue fac tion pet re fac tion pu tre fac tion rar e fac tion stu pe fac tion sat is fac tion sec tion ab jec' tion af fee tion col lee tion con fee tion con nee tion cor rec tion de fee tion de jec tion de tec tion di rec tion die' tion fie tion fric tion ad die' tion af flic tion con stric tion dis sec' tion e jec tion e lee tion e rec tion in fee tion in flee tion in jec tion in spec tion ob jec tion per fee tion pro jec tion con vie' tion dis tine tion in flic tion pre die tion re stric tion ben e die tion pro tec' tion re flee tion re jec tion se lee tion sub jec tion im per fee' tion in sur rec tion in ter jec tion pre di lee tion rec ol lee tion con tra die' tion der e lie tion in ter die tion ju ris die tion mal e die tion sane tion func tion junc tion unc tion in junc' tion con junc tion com punc tion con coc tion de coc tion LATIN ELEMENT. 65 auc tion ab due tion ad due tion con struc tion de due tion de struc' tion e due tion in due tion in struc tion ob struc tion pro due' tion re due tion se due tion in tro due tion re pro due tion ac ere' tion de le' tion re pie' tion com pie tion de pie tion se ere tion con ere tion ex ere tion dis ere tion Ad di' tion am bi tion at tri tion cog ni tion con di tion con tri tion e di tion ab o li' tion ac qui si tion ad mo ni tion am mu ni tion ap pa ri tion ap po si tion co a li tion com pe ti tion com po si tion def i ni tion dem o li tion LESSON 92. NOUNS. fru i' tion ig ni tion mo ni tion mu ni tion nu tri tion par ti tion per di tion dep o si 7 tion dis po si tion dis qui si tion eb ul li tion ex hi bi tion ex pe di tion er u di tion ex po si tion im po si tion in qui si tion in tu i tion pe ti tion po si tion se di tion tu i tion tra di tion trans i tion vo li tion op po si' tion pre mo ni tion prep o si tion pro hi bi tion prop o si tion rec og ni tion rep e ti tion req ui si tion su per sti tion sup po si tion trans po si tion 6* 66 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. de com po si' tion in ter po si' tion jux ta po si' tion men' tion de ten' tion pre ven' tion at ten' tion dis ten tion re ten tion con ten tion in ten tion con tra ven' tion con ven tion in ven tion LESSON 93. NOUNS. in ter ven tion Lo' tion po' tion e mo' tion mo tion com mo' tion pro mo tion no tion de vo tion lo co mo tion cap' tion op tion con cep' tion de cep tion ex cep tion per cep tion re cep tion in scrip' tion pro scrip tion sub scrip tion trans crip tion a dop tion ab sorp tion re demp tion pre sump' tion re sump tion ab rup tion cor rup tion dis rup tion e rup tion ir rup tion as crip tion de scrip tion as sump tion con sump tion in ter cep tion in ter rup tion su per scrip' tion as ser' tion in ser' tion ex tor' tion de ser tion con tor tion pro por tion ex er tion dis tor tion ques' tion con ges' tion di ges' tion sug ges tion com bus' tion ex haus tion LATIN ELEMENT. 67 cau tion ab lu' tion di lu tion pol lu tion so lu tion ab so lu' tion con sti tu tion con tri bu tion des ti tu tion flex' ion flux ion dim i nu ; tion dis so lu tion dis tri bu tion el o cu tion ev o Ju tion ex e cu tion in sti tu tion in vo lu tion per se cu tion pros e cu tion pros ti tu tion res o lu tion res ti tu tion ret ri bu tion rev o lu tion sub sti tu tion cir cum lo cu tion com plex' ion cru ci fix' ion con nex ion Arc ark art fame fate fraud MISCELLANEOUS NOUNS. LESSON 94, NOUNS. gland pest crime dome brute mass scene ire fort flux rite globe pulp scribe mode trunk spire rote tube tribe choir mute clerk sex creed text germ verb glebe verse foun tain moun tain eel lar mor tar vie ar do tard col lege bi ped o men si ren com pend le gend sti pend se ries spe cies brace let chap' let front let mal let plum met cor net sig net se cret cir cuit chim' ney val ley ac id fluid liq uid al ien vir gin sat ire 68 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK • car' go ad' verb im' post in' flux ha lo prov erb lo cust cas cade' false hood sub urb leg ate ex panse pre cept cho rus man date ex pense trans cript cav ern pal ate re sponse car tridge dis cord prel ate a dept vie tim stat ue sen ate con tempt ven om vir tue trac tate de gree trunch eon tu mult stat ute gran dee au tumn lu ere trib ute com peer col um?i sul phur con clave es quire ful crum ves pers oc tave re morse for tune for ceps cap tive com plaint trib une fron tier mo tive re straint vol ume sar casm a pex re course fo cus non sense in dex re source ge nus in quest ver tex re doubt gen ius tern pest vor tex re nown LESSON 95. MISCELLANEOUS NOUNS. Ar' ti san spec 7 i men res ' i due pub li can ven i son ret i nue cal en dar div i < iend rev e nue can di date vag a bond pen du lum con su late quad ru ped spec u lum mag is trate in va lid im pe tus pos tu late offer ing in cu bus po ten tate or i g in pe ri od ju bi lee ob se quies pa tri ot chor is ter man u script vit ri ol cit i zen fo li c ) for mu la LATIN ELEMENT. 69 scap' u la vi' o let mi li' tia bar na cle cir cum flex ere den tial car bun cle pin na cle e qui nox a cu' men ap pen dix es ca lade 7 per qui site sub stan tive com mit tee de co rum pal i sade ren e gade ad jec tive mo men turn ab sen tee nar ra tive me men to dev o tee rel a tive co los sus leg a tee in ter im hi a tus ref u gee in ter course pro vi so auc tion eer u ni verse vi ra go moun tain eer ver di gris sur cin gle mu ti neer am u let in cen tive sub tra hend par a pet in vec tive dis con tent con fed' e rate pon tif i cate fa ce' tious ness de cem vi rate tri um vi rate pe nin su la e lee to rate ac cu sa tive char i ot eer' li cen ti ate al ter na tive me di a' trix no vi ti ate pre rog a tive mem o ran dum pa lat in ate ex ec u trix administratrix VERBS. THE VERBS OF THE FOUR FOLLOWING LESSONS FORM NOUNS REGULARLY BY CHANGING THE FINAL e into ion; as col- LATE, COL-LA-TION. LESSON 96. Frus' trate nar' rate va' cate lo cate pros trate vi brate mi grate trun cate die tate 70 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. stag' nate di late' trans late' col late' e late re late ere ate in flate ab' di cate con' tern plate ex' e crate ab ro gate cor ru gate ex pi ate ad vo cate co rus' cate ex pli cate ag i tate crim' in ate ex tri cate ag gra vate cul mi nate fab ri cate al ien ate cul ti vate fas ci nate al ter'nate cu mu late flag el late am' pu tate dec i mate flue tu ate an i mate dec o rate ful mi nate an no tate ded i cate fu mi gate ar bi trate del e gate gen er ate ar ro gate de mon' strate ger mi nate as pi rate dep're date grad u ate cap ti vate der o gate gran u late cal cu late des ig nate grav i tate cas ti gate des o late hes i tate eel e brate dev as tate im i tate cir cu late de vi ate im mo late cog i tate dis lo cate im pli cate col lo cate dis si pate im pre cate com pen' sate du pli cate in di cate com' pli cate ed u cate in du rate con fis' cate el e vate in no vate con'gre gate em a nate in sti gate con ju gate em i grate in su late con se crate em u late in ti mate con sti pate es ti mate in to nate con sum' mate ex ca vate LATIN ELEMENT. 71 LESSON 97. VERBS. Ir' ri gate sim' u late ir ri tate op e rate sit u ate it er ate os cil late spec \i late lac er ate pal li ate spo li ate leg is late pal pi tate stim ti late lib er ate pec u late stip u late liq ui date pen e trate sub ju gate lit i gate per fo rate suf fo cate mac er ate per pe trate sup pli cate mach in ate per son ate sup pu rate mas ti cate pop u late ter mi nate me di ate pred i cate tit il late med i cate prop a gate tol er ate med i tate punc tu ate trans mi grate mel io rate ra di ate trit u rate mit i gate rec re ate ul cer ate reg u late un du late mod e rate ren o vate vac cin ate mod u late rep ro bate vac il late mu ti late ru mi nate veg e tate sal i vate ven er ate nav i gate sat u rate ven til ate nom in ate seg re gate vin di cate nu me rate sem i nate vi o late ob li gate sep a rate vi ti ate con cen' trate ex pur' gate in cuF cate e Ion gate ex tir pate in un date e ner vate il lus trate pro mul gate ex cul pate im preg nate se ques trate 72 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 98. VERBS. A bom' i nate ab bre vi ate con so' ci ate con sol i date e vac' u ate e vap o rate ac eel er ate con fed er ate e ven tu ate ac com mo date con tarn 1 nate ex ag ger ate , ac cu mu late ad ju di cate a dul ter ate co op er ate cor rob o rate de bil i tate ex as per ate ex cog i tate ex co ri ate ag glu tin ate al le vi ate al lit er ate an ni hi late de cap i tate de gen er ate de lib er ate de lin e ate ex cm ci ate ex fo li ate ex /lil a rate ex on er ate an tic i pate de nom i nate ex pa ti ate ap pre ci ate ap pro pri ate ap prox i mate ar tic u late de nun ci ate de pre ci ate de pop u late di ju di cate ex pec to rate ex pos tu late ex ten u ate ex ter mi nate as sev er ate as sim i late as so ci ate dis crim i nate dis sem i nate dis sim u late fe lie i tate ges tic u late ha bit u ate at ten u ate au then ti cate ca lum ni ate dig so ci ate e jac u late e lab o rate hal hi ci nate hu mil i ate il lu mi nate ca pit u late co ag u late e lim i nate e hi ci date im per son ate in au gu rate com mem o rate e ma ci ate in car cer ate com mis er ate com mu ni cate e man ci pate e nu mer ate in cor po rate in doc tri nate con cat e nate e nun ci ate in fat u ate con cil i ate con grat u late e quiv o cate e rad i cate in fu ri ate in gra ti ate LATIN ELEMENT. 73 In oc' u late in i ti ate in sin u ate in ter po late in ter ro gate in tox i cate in tim i date in val i date in ves ti gate in vig o rate ir ra di ate le git i mate lux u ri ate ma trie u late ne ces si tate ne go ti ate ob lit er ate LESSON 99. VERBS. o rig' i nate pa cif i cate par tic i pate per am bu late per pet u ate pre cip i tate pre des ti nate pre med i tate pre pon der ate pre var i cate pro eras ti nate prog nos ti cate pro pi ti ate re an i mate re cip ro cate re crim i nate re frig er ate re gen' er ate re gur gi tate re it er ate re mu ner ate re pu di ate re sus ci tate re tal i ate re ver ber ate so phis ti cate spe cif i cate sub or di nate sub stan ti ate sjl lab i cate va tic i nate vi tu per ate vo cif er ate a mel' io rate va' ri e gate su per an' nu ate fa cil i tate in ca pac' i tate su per er o gate per pet u ate ra ti oc i nate excommunicate pre dom i nate re ca pit u late transubstantiate EXCEPTIONS TO THE REMARK ON LESSON 96. mil' i tate ob' vi ate do mes' ti cate nau se ate com pas' sion ate of fie i ate LESSON 100. VERBS. Add err vex tempt fix found 74 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK ab rade' re tract' in flame' re tard' e vade sub tract re mand de clare in vade per vade at tract trans act ex hale in hale ex pand re cant im plant com pare pre pare e rase de tract dis tract pro tract em pale in stall de fame sup plant a dapt e lapse de base de prave re lax af feet' dis pel' at tend' dif fer in feet ex pel con tend suf fer per feet in fleet re fleet im pel pro pel re pel dis tend ex tend in tend pros per de ter' in ter de ject con demn pre tend a merce re ject con tenm con dense co erce e lect in trench dis pense ad here se lect as cend aug ment co here con nect de scend fre quent in here ex pect tran scend re vere sus pect fend ab sent e merge dis sect de fend pre sent im merge de tect offend re sent sub merge pro tect mend in vent dis cern cede a mend pre vent im merse ac cede com mend ac cept as perse con cede pre cede re cede ap pend de pend ex pend ex cept con fer de fer dis perse ex ert de sert im pede ex eel com pel ; im pend sus pend tend in fer pre fer re fer in sert as sert a vert LATIN ELEMENT. 75 ad vert' ob serve' di vest' re press' di vert pre serve in vest sup press in vert sub serve con fess pos sess per vert in fest pro fess com pete re vert con gest di gress com plete sub vert sug gest pro gress se crete trav' erse mo lest trans gress an nex serve at test de press per plex de serve' de test op press LESSON 101. VERBS. Im bibe' con sign' tran spire' ed' it as cribe re sign con firm e mit' de scribe dis til pre mise o mit in scribe in stil chas tise re mit pro scribe com pile de spise sub mit sub scribe ab sdnd dis miss trans mit tran scribe re sdnd fam' ish cite suf fice com bine fin ish ex cite ad diet de fine pub lish in cite pre diet in cline pun ish re cite in flict o pine ex ist' u nite de cide con vince as sist in vite con fide im pinge con sist de prive pre side ad mire de sist ar rive re side as pire per sist de rive sub side ex pire re sist re vive di vide in spire sub sist pro vide per spire ad mit as sign re spire com mit 76 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. con coct' post pone' a dore' com pose' de coct a dopt de plore de pose cor rode solve ex plore dis pose ex plode ab solve im plore ex pose con voke de volve con form op pose e voke dis solve de form pro pose in voke e volve in form sup pose pro voke pro long a dorn trans pose re voke de spond com port de note ex tol re spond dis tort de vote con dole ab hor ex tort pro mote con sole ab sorb pose LESSON 102. VERBS. Al lude' con suit' per turb' con fute' col lude ex ult u surp re fute de lude sue cum6 ac cuse di lute il lude il lume con fuse pol lute con elude con sume dif fuse com mute ex elude pre sume in fuse trans mute in elude re sume re fuse com pute pre elude com mune suf fuse im pute se elude ex punge a muse va' ry in trude con cur pe ruse ob trude oc cur dis cuss pro trude dis turb ad just ac claim' re claim' de tain' sus tain' de claim or dain ob tain dis train ex claim ab stain per tain ap plaud pro claim con tain re tain de fraud LATIN ELEMENT. 77 ap pear' in veigh' as tound' per suade' ex ceed re new an nounce ac quire pro ceed a bound de nounce in quire sue ceed con found re nounce re quire re deem ex pound dis suade Ian' guish LESSON 103. VERBS. Am' pli fy grat' i fy ram' i fy bru ti fy glo ri fy rat i fy cer ti fy jus ti fy rec ti fy clar i fy mag ni fy sane ti fy clas si fy mod i fy scar i fy era ci fy mol li fy sig ni fy de i fy mor ti fy sim pli fy dig ni fy no ti fy spec i fy ed i fy os si fy stul ti fy fal si fy pac i fy ver i fy for ti fy pu ri fy ver si fy fruc ti fy qual i fy viv i fy liq' ue fy pu' tre fy sat' is fy pet ri fy rar e fy stu pe fy be at' i fy ex em' pli fy per son' i fy di ver si fy in dem ni fy dis sat is fy a bol' ish de mol' ish es tab' lish ad mon ish di min ish ex tin guish as ton ish dis tin guish con tra dis tin' gi lish — ! 7* 78 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 104. VERBS. Ac cred' it col' o nize ser' mon ize e lie it e qual ize tern por ize ex Mb it hu man ize tran quil ize in hab it lat in ize nat ur al ize in her it mor al ize gen er al ize in hib it neu tral ize e van' gel ize in spir it le gal ize im mor tal ize pro hib it pat ron ize par tic u lar ize so lie it pul ver ize so lil o quize in ter mit' scru tin ize rev o lu' tion ize man u mit sig nal ize civ' il ize sub si dize dis af feet' se ques' ter ex am' ine rec ol lect im ag ine in ter sect in ter fere' cir' cum cise in ter cede per se vere rec og nise ap pre hend in ter sperse ad ver tise' com pre hend con' tro vert su per vise rep re hend co a lesce' ex pe dite rec om mend ef fer vesce ac cus' torn con de scend ef flo resce cor res pond' con tra vene in ter' pret de vel' ope in ter vene en no hie in ter lope' su per vene as sem ble de com pose rep re sent dis sem ble dis com pose cir cum vent rec' on cile dis ap prove in ter cept dis in cline' in tro duce in cum' ber in ter line im por tune at tern per de ter' mine in ter rupt LATIN ELEMENT. 79 con fig' ure dis fig ure dis trib' ute ex e cute dis ap pear' dom i neer trans fig ure per se cute dis col' or cir cum fuse' pros e cute con tin ue con trib' ute con sti tute mul' ti ply NOUNS AND VERBS. LESSON 105. Cage class rate mob nurse fence cane pass state note plume view cave flame track vote sum coast chance lance perch force chain coil chant pa/m prize charm part tinge move judge saint coin feast cook dam' age rav age prof fer ca per coup' le fer ule del' uge for feit tres pass col lar cov er frit ter pad die cav il sur feit fash ion chis el quar rel offer gar ner num ber clos et ru in poi son com fort tri umph chal lenge lev y dis grace' con sent' di gest' re vise' con tract con cern de light poi' ish ex tract com press de sign au dit pre sage ex press fa tigue per mit' col lect im press in trigue af fix at tempt ar rest de file suffix con tempt con flict de cline af front re venge con test de mise re form 80 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK sup port' as sault' es teem' dis course re tort dis play ca reen con voy re pose re peal sur vey re emit re move de crease re view re ply de mur dis gust in crease de feat ap proach re bound sup ply &on or min' ute de cree a mount la bor ser e nade' man' a cle dis re pute' cal' en dar ap pren' tice in' sti tute dis re spect' com' pro mise pri vol un teer' va teer' \ ADJECTIVES. LESSON 106. Bru' tal fru' gal nor' mal ves' tal car nal her bal o val vi tal den tal dor sal le gal lo cal pa pal pe nal vo cal filial e qual men tal plu ral ge ni al fa tal mo dal re gal mar tial fes tal mor al ru ral nup tial fi nal mor tal spi nal so cial fis cal mu ral to tal spe cial flo ral na sal ve nal triv i al fo cal na val ver bal ve ni al for mal neu tral ver nal loy al cap' i tal cler i cal cor' po doc tri ral fed' e ral nal gen e ral con ju gal far ci cal gut tu ral LATIN ELEMENT. 81 in' te gral nu' me ral cas' u al jo vi al lat e ral op tion al or di nal grad u al mu tu al lib e ral pas to ral sen su al lit e ral pec to ral vir tu al mar gi nal per so nal vis u al med i cal u su al na tion al prin ci pal ra tion al scrip tu ral sem i nal nat u ral lin e al tern po ral nom i nal ac tu al ver ti cal no tion al an nu al ver te bral au turn' nal im mor' al com mer' cial co e val im mor tal ju di cial co los sal in fer nal pro vin cial di ur nal in ter nal es sen tial e ter nal ma ter nal in i tial ex ter nal noc tur nal po ten tial fra ter nal se pul chral pru den tial il le gal tri urn phal LESSON 107. ADJECTIVES. sub stan tial Ad di' tion al con di' tion al di lu' vi al ad ver bi al conjee tu ral e lee tor al al lu vi al con tin u al e quiv o cal bi en ni al con nu bi al fu ne re al cen ten ni al con ven tion al il lib er al col lat e ral con viv i al im pe ri al col lo qui al co lo ni al cor po re al de vo tion al im per so nal in im i cal 82 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. in ten' tion al mer cu ri al per en ni al pic to ri al pon tif i cal ar ti fi' cial ben e fi cial sac ri fi cial su per fi cial con tro ver sial cir cum stan tial con fi den tial con se quen tial e qui noc tial in flu en tial pre lat' i cal pri mor di al pro nom i nal pro ver bi al re cip ro cal pes ti len' tial pres i den tial rev er en tial ac ci den tal con ti nen tal det ri men tal fun da men tal in ci den tal in stru men tal mon u men tal re me' di al sa tir i cal sep ten ni al si de ri al ter res tri al oc ci den' tal o ri en tal pa ri e tal reg i men tal sa cer do tal sac ra men tal sen ti men tal tran seen den tal u ni ver sal par ri ci dal ag ri cul' tu ral e qui lat' e ral mat ri mo' ni al con gre ga tion al hor ti cul tu ral min is te rial con sti tu tion al im ma te ri al mon i to ri al die ta to ri al in tel lee tu al o ra tor i cal ed i to ri al Ion gi tu di nal pur ga to ri al e qua to ri al mag is te ri al sen a to ri al in quis i to' ri al glad i a to' ri al me di a to' ri al Lu' nar po lar so lar stel lar LESSON 108. ADJECTIVES. vul' gar lin e ar an nu lar cap su lar eel' lu lar cir cu lar con su lar glan du lar LATIN ELEMENT. 83 glob' u lar mus' cu lar sec' u lar in su lar oc u lar sin gu lar joe u lar pop u lar tab u lar jug u lar reg u lar tit u lar dis sim' i lar par tic' u lar pi ac' u lar o rac u lar pe nin su lar ver nac u lar cur vi lin' e ar in ter lin' e ar rec ti lin e ar per pen die' u lar pub' lie er rat' ic rus tie ge ner ic pa cif ic pro sa ic a quat' ic in trin sic pro lif ic bom bas tic lym phat ic do mes tic ma jes tic spe cif ic be a tif ic pa tri ot' ic so po rif ic sci en tif ic ac' rid Ian ' guid ran' cic [ tim' id ar id lim pid rap id tor pid can did liv id rig id tu mid fer vid lu cid sol id tur bid flac cid mor bid sor did tur gid flor id pal lid splen did vap id frig id plac id squal id val id hor rid pu trid stu pid vis cid hu mid rab id tep id viv id in sip id in trep' id pel lu' cid 84 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 109. ADJECTIVES. Ag' ile fac' ile flex' ile hos' tile doc ile feb rile frag ile ser vile due tile fer tile fu tile ster ile im' be cile pu' er ile bis sex' tile in fan tile ver sa tile con trac tile ju ve nile vol a tile mas' sive pas ' sive fes' tive res' tive mis sive ac tive na tive vo tive at/ la tive lax' a tive prim' i tive cau sa tive len i tive pur ga tive for ma tive lu era tive san a tive fu gi tive neg a tive sen si tive gen i tive nu tri tive tran si tive lau da tive pos i tive voc a tive co er' cive dif fu' sive ex pres' sive con du cive di gres sive ex ten sive a bu sive dis sua sive im pres sive ad he sive e lu sive im pul sive con clu sive e va sive in clu sive con vul sive ex clu sive in ten sive cor ro sive ex plo sive in tru sive de ci sive ex pul sive ob tru sive de fen sive ex pen sive of fen sive de lu sive ex pan sive op pres sive de ri sive ex ces sive pro gres sive LATIN ELEMENT. 85 re pul' sive de cep' tive per cep' tive re spon sive de fee tive per spec tive sub mis sive de scrip tive pre cep tive sue ces sive de struc tive pre sump tive sub ver sive di ges tive pre ven tive a bor tive dis junc tive pro due tive af flic tive dis tine tive pro scrip tive at ten tive ef fee tive pro spec tive at trac tive e rup tive pro tec tive col lee tive in ac tive re spec tive con junc tive in due tive re ten tive con nee tive in fee tive se due tive con struc tive in struc tive sub jec tive con sump tive in stinc tive sub junc tive cor rec tive in ven tive vin die tive ere a tive ob jec tive LESSON 110. ADJECTIVES* re flex ive Cop' u la tive fig' u ra tive op er a tive cu mu la tive im i ta tive pal li a tive ex pli ca tive ju di ca tive spec u la tive fed er a tive leg is la tive ad ver' sa tive de clar' a tive im per' a tive af fir ma tive de fin i tive in die a tive ap pel la tive de mon stra tive in fin i tive at trib u tive de riv a tive in quis i tive con sec u tive di min u tive in tu i tive con ser va tive dis trib u tive re trib u tive con tern pi a tive j ex ec u tive su per la tive cor rel la tive il lus tra tive 86 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. ap pre hen' sive rep re hen' sive lo co mo' tive ac eel' er a tive cor rob' o ra tive ar gumen' ta tive commemorative de lib er a tive in ter rog a tive jV nior an te' ri or ul te' ri or se nior ex te ri or pos te ri or major in fe ri or su pe ri or mi nor in te ri or LESSON 111. ADJECTIVES. Pi' ous fi' brous nox' ious te' dious cal lous lus trous prec ious cap tious fa mous mon strous spe cious can tious po rous anx ious vi cious fac tious ner vous bil ious con scious frac tious a' que ous o' di ous em' u lous ar du ous os se ous fab u lous con gru ous pre vi ous friv o lous cu ri ous pros per ous li bel lous de vi ous se ri ous pop u lous dex ter ous sin u ous quer u lous du bi ous spu ri ous scrof u lous en vi ous stu di ous scru pu lous ig ne ous stren u ous scur ri lous im pi ous sump tu ous sed u lous lig ne ous unc tu ous trem u lous moun tain ous va ri ous in fa mous vit re ous ven o mous ob vi ous cred u lous glu ti nous 1 LATIN ELEMENT. 87 lu' mi nous doF or ous rap' tu rous mu ti nous gen er ous rig or ous om i nous nu mer ous sul phur ous ru in ous on er ous tim or ous clam or ous pon der ous val or ous de co' rous ran cor ous lu di crous stu pen' dous ca pa' cious e gre' gious tre men dous de li cious re li gious de si rous fal la cious in ge nious so no rous fu ga cious am bi tious a ce tous ju di cious con ten tious mo men tous lo qua cious fa ce tious por ten tous ma li cious fac ti tious fi tig ious men da cious fie ti tious ob nox ious of fie ious fla gi tious pro dig ious sa ga cious in fee tious hex ba ceous te na cious li cen tious ce ta ceous ve ra cious pro pi tious a tro cious vi va cious se di tious au da cious vo ra cious sen ten tious aus pi cious con ta gious LESSON 112. ADJECTIVES. vex a tious Ab ste' mi ous com pen' di ous ex tra' ne ous am big u ous con spic u ous fas tid i ous as sid u ous con temp tu ous gre ga ri ous ca dav er ous con tig u ous il lus tri ous ca lam i tous con tin u ous im per vi ous ca lum ni ous de lir i ous im pe ri ous com mo di ous er ro ne ous im pet u ous THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. in gen u ous in noc u ous in sid i ous in vid i ous la bo ri ous las civ i ous lux u ri ous mel lif lu ous ne fa ri ous ob liv i ous ob se qui ous op pro bri ous pe nu ri ous per fid i ous per spic u ous pre sump tu ous pre ca ri ous pre pos ter ous sa lu bri ous san guin e ous spon ta ne ous su per flu ous tern pes tu ous tu mul tu ous ux o ri ous vi ca ri ous vie to ri ous vo cif er ous vo lup tu ous mi rac u lous fer ru' gi nous vo lu mi nous ad ven tu rous ri die u lous car niv o rous her biv o rous ob strep e rous o vip a rous fe lie i tous for tu i tous gra tu i tous in iq ui tous ne ces si tous pre cip i tous so lie i tous ar e na ceous per spi ca cious con sci en tious ar gil la ceous per ti na cious dis pu ta tious av a ri cious sac ri le gious ex pe di tious con tu ma cious con tu me lious os ten ta tious ef fi ca cious ad ven ti tious su per sti tious a cri mo' ni ous mer i to' ri ous car ti lag' i nous dis in gen u ous mul ti fa ri ous mu cil ag i nous ig no min i ous par si mo ni ous mul ti tu di nous in com mo di ous sane ti mo ni ous o le ag i nous instantane ous sim ul ta ne ous pu sil Ian i mous ex tern po ra' ne ous con tern po ra ne ous LATIN ELEMENT. 89 LESSON 113. ADJECTIVES.* Art' fill use' ful sue cess' ful dire fill e vent' ful boun' ti ful dole ful re morse ful du ti ful grate ful re spect ful plen ti ful ire ful re sent ful am' pie mov' a ble sen' si ble sim pie mu ta ble sol u ble gen tie no ta ble tan gi ble no ble pal pa ble tax a ble flex i ble plau si ble ten a ble for ci ble por ta ble ter ri ble fu si ble pos si ble trace a ble hor ri ble prob a ble trac ta ble lau da ble quad ru pie vis i ble leg i ble vis i ble vol u ble ad' mi ra ble es' ti ma ble im' i ta ble al ien a ble ex e era ble hon or a ble a mi a ble ex o ra ble lac er a ble am i ca ble ex pli ca ble lam en ta ble ap pli ca ble ex tri ca ble mal le a ble cor ri gi ble fa vor a ble mem o ra ble cred i ta ble fash ion a ble nav i ga ble des pi ca ble for mi da ble pal a ta ble du bita ble hab i ta ble pen e tra ble eq ui ta ble her i ta ble pleas u ra ble el i gi ble hos pi ta ble prac ti ca ble * Adjectives of the Latin element frequently have an Anglo-Saxon ter- mination, as fill. 8* 90 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. pref er a ble rep' u ta ble pun ish a ble sep a ra ble ques tion a ble ser vice a ble ref er a ble so ci a ble rep a ra ble su per a ble Ac cep' ta ble ac ces si ble ap peal a ble com men da ble com pres si ble con for ma ble con temp ti ble con ver ti ble cor rup ti ble de du ci ble de fen si ble de lee ta ble de mon stra ble de plo ra ble de ri va ble de scri ba ble LESSON 114. ADJECTIVES. de si' ra ble de tes ta ble de trac ta ble dis cerp ti ble dis pen sa ble dis po sa ble di vis i ble ex ci ta ble ex Aaus ti ble il leg i ble im mu ta ble im pal pa ble im pla ca ble im pos si ble im preg na ble im pres si ble ter' min a ble tol er a ble val u a ble ven er a ble vul ner a ble in del' i ble in ef fa ble in flam ma ble in scru ta ble in vin ci ble os ten si ble pro du ci ble re du ci ble re sis ti ble re spon si ble re ver si ble sup po sa ble sup port a ble sus cep ti ble trans mu ta ble a bom' i na ble ex cep' tion a ble in ev' i ta ble com mu ni ca ble ex tin guish a ble in ex o ra ble con sid e ra ble il lim i ta ble in su per a ble de fat i ga ble im ag i na ble in ter mi na ble dis cred i ta ble im men sura ble in tel li gi ble dis hon or a ble im pen e tra ble in vi o la ble dis rep u ta ble in cor ri gi ble ob jec tion a ble distinguishable in du bi ta ble LATIN ELEMENT. 91 sane pro fane' gen' u ine prone mun dane hu mane in sane aq ui line cor al line san guine se rene mas cu line tri une ob scene ser pen tine vac cine ma rine sat ur nine in ane' sa line LESSON 115. ADJECTIVES. Va' cant fra' grant ar' dent cur' rent dor mant va grant pen dent po tent poig nant con stant co gent ; fer vent stag nant in stant pun gent an cient ram pant clem ent strin gent tran sient er rant flu ent ur gent pa tient dis tant lam bent si lent sen tient ex tant fla grant pres ent fre quent cres cent ab sent ra di ant af ' flu ent ev' i dent el e gant am bi ent im pu dent pet u lant sib i lant con flu ent dif fer ent prov i dent dil i gent vig i lant le ni ent in di gent con so nanl : o ri ent neg li gent dis so nant sa li ent cor pu lent dom i nant sa pi ent ex eel lent ig no rant in no cent frau du lent tol e rant con fi dent in do lent mil i tant dif fi dent in so lent 92 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. op' u lent vi' o lent prom' i nent pes ti lent ve he ment con se quent red o lent em i nent el o quent som nq lent im mi nent sub se quent sue cu lent per ma nent com pe tent tor bu lent per ti nent LESSON 116. ADJECTIVES. pen i tent A bun' dant as trin' gent re cum' bent as cen dant com pla cent re ful gent be nig nant com po nent re splen dent dis cor dant con cur rent re sur gent dis crep ant con sis tent trans lu cent ex ul tant con tin gent trans pa rent im por tant de pen dent trans cen dent in ces sant de spon dent con ve nient in dig nant di ver gent de fi cient ma lig nant ef ful gent dis sen tient re dun dant in clem ent ef fi cient re luc tant in dul gent e mol lient re pug nant in he rent im pa tient tri um phant in sur gent om ni scient ad ja cent in sol vent pro fi cient ap pa rent qui es cent suf fi cient con com' i tant be nef i cent in con' ti nent ex or bi tant be nev o lent in tel li gent ex trav a gant co in ci dent mag nif i cent ex u be rant im pen i tent ma lev o lent i tin er ant im per ti nent mu nif i cent pre dom i nant im prov i dent LATIN ELEMENT. 93 lux u' ri ant con stit 7 u ent in cip' i ent cir cum flu ent ex pe di ent ol 3e di ent cir cum ja' cent con va les' cent in ad ver' tent cor res pon dent ev a nes cent in ter mit tent LESSON 117. ADJECTIVES. in co he rent Dense a verse' re verse' ob tuse' close ad verse im mense pro fuse false di verse in tense tense in verse ab struse { pre cise' per verse dif fuse chaste or' nate con' crete se date' mute o vate con trite po lite cog' nate pri vate fi nite a cute in nate ser rate ob late' mi nute ac/ cu rate for' tu nate prof li gate ad e quate in tri cate prox i mate del i cate lau re ate ro se ate des o late ob du rate se 3 a rate des pe rate ob sti nate tern pe rate fo li ate pas sion ate ul ti mate ap' po site in' fi nite ab' so lute def i nite op po site dis ; so lute er u dite req ui site res o lute ex qui site des ti tute in car' nate in sa' tiate in tes' tate 94 THE 1 ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. af fee' tion ate ef fern' i nate in or' di nate col le gi ate im mac u late in vet er ate com men su rate im me di ate le git i mate con fed e rate im mod er ate pre cip i tate con sid e rate dis con so late im por tu nate in ad e quate pro por tion ate sub or di nate dis pas sion ate in an i mate in de ter' mi nate in dis crim' i nate LESSON 118. ADJECTIVES. Cha ry ro sy state ly lac ta ry pie' na ry pri ma ry sum ma ry ma tron ly com pul' so ry de trac to ry il lu so ry ol fac to ry ar' bi tra ry cus torn a ry cap il la ry frag men ta ry hon or a ry sal' u ta ry sed en ta ry sol i ta ry sta tion a ry sub lu na ry hor' ta to ry lau da to ry man da to ry mi gra to ry mi na to ry leg en da ry lit e ra ry mer ce na ry mil i ta ry mo men ta ry tern po ra ry trib u ta ry vol un ta ry ci ta to rv des ul to ry mon 1 to ry nu ga to ry pred a to ry prom is so ry ro ta to ry nee es sa ry pul mo na ry dil a to ry ex pie to ry tran si to ry vi bra to ry dis ere' tion a ry he red i ta ry im ag i na ry i tin' er a ry pe cu ni a ry pre lim i na ry pro ba' tion a ry ex hib i to ry con cil ia to ry FRENCH ELEMENT 95 sub sid 'iary ex plar i a to ry am' bu la to ry tra di tion a ry ob'lig a to ry ded i ca to ry ad mon i to ry commendatory pre par a to ry sa lu ta to ry dep re ca to ry dis ci pli na ry con fir ma to ry al i ment' a ry ex pi a to ry con sol a to ry com pli ment a ry os cil la to ry de clam a to ry doc u ment a ry un du la to ry de fam a to ry el e ment a ry in i' ti a to ry de rog a to ry ex clam a to ry con tra die to ry sat is fac to ry pro pi tia to ry re ver ber a to ry ex cul pa to ry F val e die to ry rev o lu NT. ' tion a ry RENCH ELEME NOUNS. LESSON 119. Ball sack gig scroll J a y tierce bark carp sage sash gin lime torch busk quay beak goal rook casque crape dam dame staff tank tare tart niche pike pill sir chum cruse lute ruse greaves hearse peach plea gourd ounce route drab belle sire truce beef tour garb grape hack chess clef serge tick tripe vice fry chair chaise lees sheet skein prow squad hue jamb jar marque match tress bill dice die vogue crotch mosque rock jail queue quail lieu beau chief haunch frieze guise juice quince quire pane dime scot jaw mien 96 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. biv ouac brig' and griz' zle ju' lep pin nace gour mand bush el ant ler li lach peas ant col on el ban ner bal lad ped ant dam sel man ner sal ad tru ant gru el bum per host age burg lar lin tel but ler sir rah tar tar tas sel ci der jour nal cow ard tin sel dag ger tym bal mus tard tow el dan ger mad am car cass war ren dra per buck ram cui rass doz en ped ler cap stan frig ate mit ten pow er tar tan bau ble pat ten tes ter par lance foi ble loz enge to per pit tance wim pie gar ment o yer LESSON 120. NOUNS. Fu'el fau' cet bon' net ba' sin hal berd budg et gar ret cous in bit tern drug get cres set rai sin pas tern mus ket gus set toe sin wa ges bul let gib lets big gin prow ess ga^nt let pal ette bob bin for est gim let bis tre dau phin civ et gob let jaun dice jave lin clar et ome let os trich mar tin cm et scar let bai liff nap kin \ jack et skil let tar iff sat in sock et toi let bas tile bow line val et var let pas til car mine wick et pam phlet pil grim hous ing FRENCH ELEMENT. 97 trap pings tu lip tal' on trea son lev' ee dun geon de' voir cham ois gla cis man or gud geon tarn bour trel lis es cort pig eon con tour mar quis in got stur geon par lor par ot cur few min now cas sock bar on piv ot tur bot fas tian bril liant cause way pal frey chal dron cos tume bil liards al ley cor don cray on fel on lei sure mois ture vel lum pon iard ker chief o sier pars ley pul ley cock ney her on lem on gram pus cap tain pur lieu mes sieurs en voy haut boy ma son cur tain bas tion mer cy mut ton mo hair bul lion dan dy pis ton bu reau scul lion fai ry rib bon chat eau min ion quar ry saf fron ron deau on ion pan sy sci on cof fee in voice tan sy LESSON 121. NOUNS. Taf ' fe ta em' er aid bag <' a telle mar ma lade sen es chal par \ia ment bal us trade chiv al ry tour na ment bad i nage char la tan ra pi er ad mi ral par ti s san bal us ter cor po ral tif fa ny fur ri er mad ri gal av a lanche trav el ler mar tin gal choc o late je#p ar dy far thin gale run a gate jew el ry 98 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. dra' per y drol ler y gai r e ty cot er ie cor' ri dor en tre poi fi ner y rev er ie har ri cot frip per y gal ler y per i wig bul le tin cal i bre es cri toire treach er y min ni kin ar que buse trump er y bay o net cab a ret har le quin car a bine eg Ian tine cal li pers tour ni quei vis a vis cab i net quar an tine co til Ion car ce net ep au let pet ti coat ar ti choke e quer ry ma rau der min u et par a gon mis no mer et i quette na ive te pan ta loon pic a roon prom e nade dis ha bille' glF li flow er man' tua ma ker sal ma gun' di dan de li on me di oc ri ty leg er de main' av oir du pois \ VERBS. LESSON 122. Blanche hatch bolt munch veer trounce craze stanch budge vail seize quit grate sap hale frizz furl meal luff plead pierce quote poach try jeop' ard flat ter fur bish ped die trav el pil fer tar nish baf fle broi der sev er par boil hag gle ca ter ban ish gob ble 1 FRENCH ELEMENT. 99 at tach' en charge' en robe / de mean' de tach en [ bark ca jole a gree en gage en chase en rol a chieve en rage in trench en core em broil em bale re trench dis gorge sur round re gale re dress em boss en joy en hance a bridge al lure ac crue en trance re tire a but e quip ar range j ad vise re but ac quit de rang ft com prise re fuse de cry de bar en list re gain es py em bar con trive de fray jour' nal ize em pow' er en fee' ble mod em ize en dan ger in i vei gle gor mar [ dize en fran chise em bat tie pet ti fo g a ban don em bez zle em bar' rass en vi ron dis a gree' di shev el de vel op dis ar range em broi der ac cou tre S NOUNS AND VERBS LESSON 123. Bale change dart pant scarf blame charge flank paste slate check branch chase frank place sta ge dredge brave chat fray plan stay dress brawl clack gage plank tack mess ca/m crack gall rage tap > pet cash crash march range task pledge chafe dance mask scald taste trench 100 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. bribe brick chine fife fringe mine pinch risk spice bronze forge pot robe roll shock trot brush bud but chuck crush curb drug dupe fur plunge pump push truck truss tuft bail gain mail train wait taunt vaunt fawn bay fray P a y ease search breeze screen rein mew stew broach coach coat moat couch roast court soar broil coif foil noise poise boot brooch fool troop bound pout rouge round scourge scout touch bowl frown bruit buoy cry age for' out rage pil lage voy age mar shal vas sal gar land war rant haz ard ram part bi as pur chase com bat bev el grav el jew el row el tram mel pan' nel mar vel butch er lack' er ush er pow der slan der cof fer ci pher scam per ban ter bar ter bat ter gai ter but tress har ness pick et rack et nv et tick et gib let blan ket fran chise mor tise blem ish skir mish gar nish var nish bur nish res pite pis tol scaf fold ran som but ton can ton guer don pns on sea son tai lor bal lot pi lot ri ot am bush trav ail bar gain trun cheon fla vor so journ ta bor res cue tis sue ban quet trou ble raf fle FRENCH ELEMENT. 101 ri' fie scut' tie lack' ey tal' ly buc kle friz zle jour ney sul ly bat tie jum ble par ley copy bot tie sa bre ral ly LESSON 124. NOUNS AND VERBS. pity At tack' a larm' pa trol' re lay' pa rade sur charge buf foon re lease ad vance har ass fes toon es cheat chi cane de spatch har poon ca reer ha rangue de bate lam poon cash ier gal lant re gret pla toon re prieve es cape cha grin de tail ca rouse pla card sur prise de bauch dis guise re gard con trol as say av' er age chap' e ron ex cheq' uer quan da ry gar ri son en deav or di a per pil lo ry bai ■ ri cade' liv er y guar an tee fric i as see guil lo tine har le quin ca par' i son mu ti ny en am' el ADJECTIVES. blank brave brisk gay moist frank fine droll roan coy rib' aid hag' gard a' zure fee' ble bril liant mod ern hei nous som bre gal lant sal ic jeal ous sup pie 9* 102 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. jol' ly taw 7 ny ea' sy mus' ty puny pal try pur sy pet ty a fraicT a lert' de mure' ou tre' gro tesque a droit sev' er al ro man' tic me f di o ere hid e ous a me na ble cap a pie' deb o nair' ADVERBS. agog 7 pell mell' mau' gre en core' INTERJECTIONS. a vaunt' a las' a dieu' ITALIAN ELEMENT. NOUNS. LESSON 125. Doge bust pie bout la' va du' el spav' in so' lo stan za miz zen fres co gam mon vis ta case ment gus to ruffian ton tine pew ter mot to monk ey cu' po la gal' va nism al' le gro moun te bank buf fa lo rod o mont broc co li o li o por ce lain pi az' za con cer' to stoc ca' do re gat ta fal set to vol ca no so na ta si roc co in ta§*l io pi as ter sti let to se ragl io i SPANISH ELEMENT. 103 ta ran' tu la a da gi o ar peg gi o i sol feg gi o pi a no for' te dil et tan' te mac ca ro' ni ap pog ia tu' ra vir tu o so VERBS, gride pam' per NOUNS AND VERBS. scare squat grasp patch size trump car' ol car' pet stuc' co gam' bol car' ri ca ture SPANISH ELEMENT. NOUNS. caste baize bar' rack jal ap al' cove al caid' span iel bro cade plat' i na al gua zir cas' ta net tarn' a rind mos qui' to em bar' go tor na do mon te ro an cho vy VERB, sack 104 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. GREEK ELEMENT. NOUNS. LESSON 126. Phase sperm ode monk lyre myrr/fc asp crime scope bom 6 style zeal psa/rn prism stole rhomb %me spleen lamp scMsm throne tom6 type rAeum spasm sphinx tone bulb lynx hoxxx scene cone trope chyle nymph theme lobe zone chyme rAythm ac' me cen' taur dea' con i ha' lo 2d gis cAa os de mon har py al oe cAol er des pot he ro an gel clan gour dis tich her mit an them cli mate dog ma h y dra an ther cli max dol phin h y drant as^ ma co Ion drag on h y men at om com et dra ma hy phen ax iom com ma drop sy hys sop ax is cor al dra id idol bal sam cor nice dry ad i ris j bap tism cri sis ec logue isth mus ba sis crys tal ep och jas per bi ble cu bit ep ode ma; I net bib list cy cle e ther mel t al cam el cym bal fren zy meth od can on cy press gi ant me tre cen tre dac tyl gyp sum mon ad GREEK ELEMENT. 105 mon' arch par' tridge po' et stig' ma myr tie pa thos prac tice sym bol nai ad pa tron prob lem symp torn nee tar pet al pro gram syn od no mad pha lanx pro logue syn tax o cean phan tasm proph et sys tern on yx phan torn j?sal ter the sis or gan pha sis rAom boid tri gon or plian phe nix sar casm tri pod pa geant phi al sat yr tro phy pan dect pig my schol ar ty rant pan ther plan et soph ism zeph yr par ish plei ads soph ist a byss' ca tarr^' el lipse' sphe' roid cof ie mag' ic phthis' ic trop' ic crit ic mu sic skep tic eth ics cyn ic mys tic sto ic op tics log ic pan ic top ic LESSON 127. NOUNS. Al' pha bet ep'ig ram ep' i taph ad a mant chron o gram ap a thy el e phant di a phragrn sym pa thy syc o phanl t hem or r^age chi [ i arch am a ranth ap o graph hi < 3 rarch am i anth au to { ^raph pa tri arch ar go naut par a { *raph an ar chy an a gram pen te graph hep tar chy di a gram cen o taph mon ar chy 106 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. phar' ma cy di' a lect as' ter oid pi ra cy ar chi tect daf fo dil pol i cy strat a gem croc o dile proph e cy ap o thegm pan to mime big a my ep i thet chron i cle bias phe my hy dro gen ar se nic cat a ract ni tro gen chrys a lis bac cha nal ox y gen gen e sis or ches tra com e dy syn the sis pie o nasm trag e dy hy a cinth au to crat can is ter lab y rinth dem o crat char ac ter ob e lisk par a ble cyl in der mon o stich par al lax pres by ter cat e chism par al lei at mos phere ex or cism pel i can hem i sphere mys ti cism bo re as plan i sphere os tra cism ma ni ac cath o lie skep ti cism zo di ac rhet o ric sol e cism chrys o prase par a digm syl lo gism par a phrase par a dise syn chro nism ap o gee chrys o lite aph o rism per i gee er e mite bar ba rism syn co pe an cho rite des po tism cal o mel par a site dog ma tism di a dem hyp o crite LESSON 128. NOUNS. mag net ism RAeu' ma tism ex' or cist mas' to don log a rithm eu cha rist myr mi don an ti christ ■ - mar tyr dom pan the on GREEK ELEB1ENT. 107 meF o dy ap' o logue pol' y pus mon o dy mon o logue phos pho rus par o dy en er gy par a chute pros o dy eu lo gy am e thyst psa/m o dy lit ur gy syn o nym r/bp so dy cat a comfr an o dyne em bry o hec a tom& an ti type or tho dox mon o tone ar che type par a dox an te lope pro to type tet ra gon bar o scope par ox ysm pen ta gon hor o scope horn i ly hex a gon hy gro scope pan o ply hep ta gon mi cro scope glos sa ry oc ta gon tel e scope his to ry non a gon steth o scope mys te ry dec a gon met a phor pleth o ry pol y gon me te or por phy ry cin na mon soph o more j?sal te ry am a zon syc a more the o ry lit a ny id i om soph is try ago ny id i ot sym me try aph o ny pen te cost au top sy eu pho ny an ec dote ec sta sy har mo ny an ti dote fan ta sy i ro ny myr i ad her e sy sym pho ny ne re id lep ro sy can o py pyr a mid pteu ri sy dem a gogue era ni um la i ty ped a gogue mu se um pol i ty syn a gogue er e bus am nes ty cat a logue ex o dus gal ax y dec a logue cat a pult o me ga 108 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 129. NOUNS. A re/ ma as cet' ic ho ri' zon di lem ma bu col ic lo gi cian di plo ma cos met ic ma gi cian e nig ma e clip tic mu si cian mi as ma e met ic op ti cian chi me ra fa nat ic phy si cian ti a ra hy drau lie cha me lion ga le na nar cot ic aph e lion hy e na dy nam ics a poll yon i de a gym nas tics me dal lion am bro sia me chan ics gy ra tion dys' pep sy mne mon ics o ri on ca the dral pneu mat ics as bes tos a pos tate sta tis tics a sy lum a pos tie el lip sis e lys i um e pis tie pro lep sis gym na si um dis as ter pro bos cis arc tu rus a cros tic sta lac tite i am bus a cous tic sta lag mite al' a bas ter drom' e da ry ep' i lep sy nee ro man cy cem e ter y ap o plex y ol i gar chy mon as ter y pol y the ism mel an chol y pres by ter y chrys o ber yl an ti mo ny al le go ry or tho e py cat e go ry hy per' bo la a poc' a lypse cos mop' o lite pa rab o la hy poth e nuse en thu si asm i hy per bo le e pis co pate em pir i cism GREEK ELEMENT. 109 i de' al ism e van' gel ist an tip- o des cal lis then ics di ag o nal an tith e sis em pyr e an di am e ter a phser e sis bar ba ri an hex am e ter hy poth e sis his to ri an ba rom e ter me tath e sis cri te ri on chro nom e ter pa ren the sis do dec a gon ge om e ter a nal y sis phe nom e non hy drom e ter pa ral y sis au torn a ton hy grom e ter mo noc e ros en co mi ast pho torn e ter rhi noc e ros a ris to crat py rom e ter as par a gus an tag o nist ther mom e ter LESSON 130. NOUNS. A nal' o gy zo ol' o gy phi los' o phy an thol o gy syn ec do che an tip a thy a pol o gy a poc ra pha hy drop a thy as trol o gy a pos tro phe a nom a ly chro nol o gy an tis tro phe mo nop o ly con chol o gy ca tas tro phe po lyg a my dox ol o gy bi og ra phy a cad e my my thol o gy ca lig ra phy a nat o my ne ol o gy chro nog ra phy as tron o my on tol o gy cos mog ra phy e con o my pa thol o gy ge og ra phy me ton y my phi lol o gy hy drog ra phy sy non o my phre nol o gy ich nog ra phy cos mog o ny psy chol o gy li thog ra phy phil an thro py tau tol o gy or thog ra phy a pos ta sy tech nol o gy ste nog ra phy hy pos ta sy the ol o gy to pog ra phy hy poc ri sy "To T 110 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. di a pa' son mech a ni' cian par e gor' ic di ar rhoe a an ti christ ian di a lee tics pan a ce a an ti cli max horn i let ics pan o ra ma an ti sep tic hy dro stat ics pol y ne sia ep i dem ic math e mat ics pol i ti cian hy per crit ic met a phys ics rhet o ri cian pan e gyr ic LESSON 131. NOUNS. an gel ol' o gy en to mol' o gy phra se ol' o gy an thro pol o gy et y mol o gy phys i ol o gy era ni ol o gy ich thy ol o gy jmeumatology de mon ol o gy or ni thol o gy an thro pop a thy gen e al' o gy e las tic' i ty ap o the' o sis u ran ol o gy e lee trie i ty metamorphosis bib li og ra phy cy clo pe di a hydrocephalus lex i cog ra phy mon o ma ni a bib li op o list ou ra nog ra phy hy per bo re an metallography an ti no mi an al lo pa thy ho me op' a thy phys i og' no my mon o syl la ble id i op a thy ec cle si as' tic e pis' co pa cy deu ter on o my me temp sy cho f sis a poth e ca ry par al lei o gram bib' li o theke en cy clo pe' di a a rith me ti' cian met a phy si' cian par a pher na li a a cad e mi cian me te o rol o gy au to no ma si a ge om e tri cian is o per im e try paronomasia mathematician idiosyncrasy GREEK ELEMENT. Ill Prac' tise cat' e chise crit i cise ex or cise an a lyze bot a nize cau ter ize christ ian ize al' le go rize char ac ter ize a pos' tro phize a pos ta tize VERBS. LESSON 132. christ' en crys' tal lize dram a tize dog ma tize eu lo gize liar mo nize mag net ize or gan ize e van' gel ize i de al ize phi los o phize a poc o pate bap tize' ox id ize scan da lize sym bol ize syn chro nize the o rize proph e sy hy poth' e cate e lee tri fy met a mor' phose anath'ematize NOUNS AND VERBS. ache clang scheme chord scoff phrase air term school cube plague pause pore growl hymn pa' per ech' o mar' tyr san' dal an chor em blem mim ic scan dal ban ter fan cy pal sy seep tre coffin gan grene phys ic di et mar ble pi rate ADJECTIVES, as' tral cor' al cho' ral pas' chal 112 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. bib' li cal crit i cal cy cli cal cyn i cal drop si cal eth i cal log i cal mag i cal met ri cal mu si cal mjs ti cal op ti cal phys i cal phthis i cal prac ti cal skep ti cal sto i cal top i cal trop i cal gen i tal bac cha rial A cros' ti cal as cet i cal ca non i cal cy lin dri cal dog mat i cal dra mat i cal dm id i cal el lip ti cal e pis co pal LESSON 133. ADJECTIVES. e the / re al fa nat i cal he ret i cal his tor i cal i ron i cal hy me ne f al me thod i cal mo narch i cal pa thet i cal pi rat' i cal po et i cal po lit i cal pro phet i cal rhe tor i cal so phis ti cal sy nod i cal zo di ac al ty ran ni cal cat e diet' i cal the o ret' i cal hor i zon' tal di a bol i cal bap tis' mal pen te cos tal arc tic caus tic chron ic com ic a cous' tic a cros tic an gel ic an tare tic con ic cu bic ep ic fran tic gas' trie graph ic hec tic lyr ic plas' tic r/iom bic seen ic trag ic as cet ic ast/t mat ic a torn ic bal sam ic cha ot' ic chro mat ic cos met ic GREEK ELEMENT. 113 des pot' ic ec stat' ic or gan' ic di dac tic gi gan tic po lem ic dog mat ic har mon ic prag mat ic dra mat ic he ro ic pris mat ic ec cen trie hy drau lie r/ieu mat ic ec lee tic la con ic sar cas tic e clip tic mag net ic schis mat ic e las tic me tal lie spas mod ic e met ic mo nas tic chol' er ic em pir ic nar cot ic pleth o ric ex ot ic no mad ic • al pha bet' ic di a ton' ic pan to mim' ic ar go naut ic di e tet ic em blem at ic en er get ic pe ri od ic di ag nos tic ge o cen trie prob le mat ic di a graph ic o ce an ic sys te mat ic christ' ian bul ' bous nau' seous zeal' ous pur pie hal' cy on crys' tal line fan' ci ful nee tar ine cor al line scan dal ous het' er o dox mys te' ri ous de mo ni' ac al plan et a ry pa ron y mous a ma zo ni an a non y mous e le gi' ac bacchanalian di ac o nal ad a man' tine pres by te rian har mo ni ous am a ran thine ho mo ge ne ous 10* 114 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. WORDS OF HEBREW ORIGIN. Jew mish' na naz' a rite hin o mer phar i see rab bi sad du cee cher lib sab bath shib bo leth cor ban sa tan ter a phim e den ser aph mes si' ah eph a shek el sa ba oth eph od ca baF le vi' a than he brew mas' o rah ARABIC. mosque na' dir af ka li shrub sir up al ma nac am' ber tur ban car a van ca di viz ier chem is try ca lif ze nith min a ret crim son al che my tal is man fa kir al co hoi a lem' bic fir man al co ran e lix ir mum my al ge bra CHALDEE. he gi ra tal' mud siiT tan tar' gum ist tar gum tal mud ist TURKISH. a eel' da ma pa sha' mus' sul man scim' i tar muf ti jan i za ry PERSIAN. zest ha rem ba zaar der vis pa go da READING- LESSONS. 115 READING LESSONS. LESSON 134. GEORGE WASHINGTON WHEN A BOY. When George Washington was a boy, a friend gave him a hatchet, with which he was very much pleased- He went about the garden, cut- ting every thing in his way. At length, he came to a young cherry-tree, which his father valued very highly, and he chopped the bark so badly as to destroy the tree. The next morning, George's father went into the garden, and very soon saw the mischief that had been done. He was sorry that his tree was ruined, and was at a loss to know who could have done so foolish and wicked a thing, as to destroy a valuable tree in his garden. Presently, he saw young George walking about, with his hatchet in his hand, and he said to him, " My son, do you know who has been cutting this beautiful cherry-tree of mine ?" George looked at his father a moment, and then spoke out manfully, and said, " I cannot tell a lie, pa ; you know I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my little hatchet." " Run to my arms, my boy !" said his father. " I would rather that all my trees were destroyed, than to have my boy afraid to tell the truth." While George Washington was a boy at school, he was so much esteemed by the other boys for 116 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. his honesty and fairness in all their amusements, that when any disputes arose among them, they were in the habit of appointing him as the judge, to decide who was right and who was wrong ; and they never failed to be satisfied with his judgment. They knew that George Washington would do right. When he was thirteen years of age, he wrote, with a fair hand, a system of rules to regulate his behavior in company. These rules are now preserved, and they are such as are well suited to form the habits of a child, to improve his manners, to preserve him from vice, and to guide him in the way in which he should go. His advantages of early education were not greater than are enjoyed in many public schools of the present day. He did not study any other language than his own, and he often felt the need of a more extended course of instruction than he received when a boy. But what was wanting in learning, he made up by diligence, perseverance, and patience. While he was at school, some of his friends procured for him a situation in the navy, and he made preparations to go to sea. His mother gave her consent, as it seemed to be for the best that George should go, but as the time approached for him to take his departure, she became more averse to his going ; and when he saw her reluctance, he gave up the plan, although his heart was very much set upon it. George Washington would not do any thing that would displease his mother. READING LESSONS. 117 Washington's mother lived till her son was elected President of the United States, whose liberty and prosperity he had done so much to secure. When she heard of the glory which he had acquired, and the honors which the people loved to bestow upon him, she was not elated with pride, but quietly said, " George was always a good son," and she hoped he had done his duty as a man. LESSON 135. THE GREEN PASTURES. 1. I walked in a field of fresh clover this morn, Where lambs played so merrily under the trees, Or rubbed their soft coats on a naked old thorn, Or nibbled the clover, or rested at ease. 2. And under the hedge ran a clear water brook, To drink from when thirsty, or weary with play ; And so gay did the daisies and buttercups look, That I thought little lambs must be happy all day. 3. And when I remember the beautiful psaim That tells about Christ, and his pastures so green, I know he is willing to make me his lamb, And happier far than the lambs I have seen. 4. If I drink of the waters, so peaceful and still, That flow in his field, I forever shall live ; If I love him, and seek his commands to fulfil, A place in his sheepfold to me he will give. 5. The lambs are at peace in the fields when they play ; The long summer's day in contentment they spend ; But happier I, if in God's holy way I try to walk always, with Christ for my friend. 118 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 136. BOYS, MIND YOUR MOTHER. Come, boys* here is a story for you. I want you all to come together and listen. I was a boy once, and I recollect a little how boys feel. I am a man now, but I have had about as much to do with boys as I have had with men. I suppose you all have a mother. What I want to tell you now is, how you ought to treat your mother. When I was a boy, no larger than you are, my mother used to tell me that she never knew any one to prosper who did not treat his mother well. She said that, when she was young, I she knew several children who did not honor their mothers, and that they all came to a bad end. There were several boys, among my acquaint- ances, whom I knew to have disobeyed and ill treated their mothers. I thought I would remem- ber them, and see how they turned out in the world. I should think it was as much as fifteen years ago. I will call these boys William, George, and Herbert. I remember as distinctly as though it were but yesterday. They were my class-mates at school. I remember their mothers perfectly well ; for many a play-afternoon I have spent at their houses. William was a very pleasant boy, and a fine scholar. He made as rapid progress in his studies as any one in school. One afternoon, I was at his father's house. We were playing on the green in front of the door. William's mother stepped READING- LESSONS. 119 upon the door-stone and called him. We were busily engaged in play with some other boys, and William took no notice of his mother's call. After she had spoken several times, he stopped a mo- ment to hear what she had to say. " I want you to go down to the store, and carry this box to your father," said his mother. "But I don't want to go, mother." "But you must go," said she. "But Pm playing, and I can't go." 11 William, I tell you you must go, for your fa- ther must have this immediately." Just then, one side of the party who were playing ball had beaten the other. William heard the merry hurra, and exclaimed, " Well, I won't go, there." He picked up a stick, and, throwing it at his mother, ran eagerly off to join the victors. I turned just in time to see the stick fall from his mother's dress, and to see how sad she looked as she went into the house. I never before saw a boy strike his mother, and it made me feel so badly, that I could not play. I told the boys I believed I must go home. I walked away, thinking of what my mother had told me. I thought I would always remember William, and see if he prospered. Perhaps it would have been better if William's mother had spoken more kindly to him ; but that was no excuse for William. But* what 1 wanted to tell you is, what became of him. Before he grew up, he was taken very sick, and after many years of great suffering, he died. 120 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. The next boy was George. His mother in- dulged him very much. She used to let him do pretty much as he chose ; and any thing he wanted she was sure to do for him ; but any thing she wanted, he was sure not to do for her. In fact, he seemed to have much less regard for his moth- er, than for an older scholar, who used to be a leader in all our sports. He never minded any thing his mother said to him, and she might as well have talked to the currant-bushes in the gar- den, as to have asked him to do an errand. He always acted as if he felt, if he did not say, " I don't care for my mother." Well, George is dead too. He became dissi- pated, lost his character, and died a miserable death. Herbert was much like William and George — worse if any thing. He not only did not care for what his mother said, but used to ridicule her before the other boys. He used to do it, to be sure, in a good-humored way, but, after all, it was a great way off from the respect that was due to his mother. And what do you suppose became of Herbert ? His end was more miserable than that of William or of George. I shall not tell you exactly what became of him, for it is a more dreadful story than I love to relate. But 1 can never think of him without remembering the text, (Prov. 30 : 17,) " The eye that mocketh at his father, and des- piseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it." READING LESSONS. 121 LESSON 137. CALLING NAMES. A celebrated writer of England relates the following story of himself when he was a boy : " In our neighborhood there was a black boy, by the name of Dick. One evening, a number of my playfellows were together at our sports, and we began to torment the poor black boy, by calling him 4 blackamoor' and other bad names. Dick was very much grieved at our con- duct towards him, and soon left us. " Not long after this, we made an appoint- ment to go skating, but I had the misfortune to break my skates, and could not go without bor- rowing a pair of Dick. " I went to him, and asked him for them. ' O yes, John, you may have them and welcome,' was his answer. " When I went to return them, I found him sitting by the fire in the kitchen, reading the Bible. I told him I had returned his skates, and was under great obligations to him for his kindness. " He looked at me as he took the skates, and, with tears in his eyes, said to me, ' John, don't call me blackamoor again,' and immediately left the room. These words pierced my heart, and 1 burst into tears, and from that time resolved not to abuse a poor black in future." This simple story shows the wickedness of giving pain to others by calling them offensive names ; and it also teaches us that the best way to punish those who do us evil is to do them good. IT" ~ 122 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. LESSON 138. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS. 1. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth : thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them : for 1 the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me ; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. 3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain ; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. 4. Remember the sabbath-day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work ; but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God : in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates ; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day : wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath-day, and hallowed it. 5. Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. 6. Thou shalt not kill. 7. Thou shalt not commit adultery. READING LESSONS. 123 8. Thou shalt not steal. 9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. 10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neigh- bor's. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS IN VERSE. 1. No other God have thou than me. 2. Before no idol bow thy knee. 3. Take not the name of God in vain. 4. Nor dare the sabbath-day profane. 5. Give both thy parents honor due. 6. Take heed that thou no murder do. 7. Abstain from words and deeds unclean. 8. Nor steal, though thou art poor and mean. 9. Nor tell a wilful lie, nor love it. 10. What is thy neighbor's do not covet. LESSON 139. THE LORD'S PRAYER. Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. THE GOLDEN RULE. All things whatsoever ye would that men 124 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. should do to you, do ye even so to them : for this is the law and the prophets. Be you to others kind and true As you'd have others be to you ; And neither do nor say to men Whate'er you would not take again. RESPECT TO AGE. " Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honor the face of the old man." — " / am the Lord." If, leaning on his staff, Amid the crowded street, With feeble step and wrinkled brow, Some aged form I meet, — However poor and weak, Or ignorant and low, I must respect the hoary head, For God hath told me so. I love to see the hair All venerably gray ; A crown of glory 'tis, to those Who walk in wisdom's way. I love the reverend head, With years and honors white ; 'Tis like the ripened fruit of heaven, And angels bless the sight. LESSON 140. MAXIMS. " I can't" never accomplished any thing. " I will try" has done wonders. What is worth doing at all, is worth doing well. Prayers and provender never hindered any man's journey. HEADING LESSONS. 125 Death is one of the first settlers in every town- ship. Never be ashamed of any thing but sin. Put not off till the morrow what can be done to-day. Time respects nothing but what time creates. How much more anxious men are to live long than to live well. The foundations of virtue and knowledge are laid in youth. Rightly to train a youth is a greater exploit than the taking of Troy. Duty performed makes a rainbow in the heart. If the throne of grace be so delightful, what will be the throne of glory ? Men are born with two eyes and one tongue, that they may see twice as much as they say. Wear your learning, like your watch, in your private pocket ; and do not pull it out to show that you have one ; but if you are asked what o'clock it is, tell it. If thou thinkest twice before thou speakest once, thou wilt be likely to speak twice as well for it. If you sometimes say less than you are thought to know, you shall at another time be thought to know more than you say. Rise early, if you would live long. Early rising helps us in two ways : it adds life to our days, and days to our life. 12(5 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. If you want any thing done, go ; if not, send. If you want any thing done, go to the man who is full of business. He that has nothing to do, can do nothing. Rev. Henry Martyn was known at the Uni- versity as the man who never wasted an hour. He who revenges an injury acts the part of an executioner ; he who forgives it, acts the part of a prince. Tasso, being told that he had a fair opportu- nity of taking advantage of a very bitter enemy, " I wish not to plunder him," said he ; " but there are things I wish to take from him : not his honor, his wealth, or his life, but his ill will." Diogenes, being asked the " biting of what beast was most dangerous," answered thus : " If you mean wild beasts, it is the slanderer ; if tame ones, it is the flatterer." Each insult inscribe on the sand, or the wave ; In marble, or iron, each kindness engrave. That thou mayst injure no one, dove-like be ; And serpent-like, that none may injure thee. Count that day lost, whose low descending sun, Views from thy hand no worthy action done. On parent knees, when but an infant child, Weeping thou satst, while all around thee smiled ; So live, that sinking in thy last long sleep, Then thou mayst smile, while all around thee weep. READING LESSONS. 127 LESSON 141. THE STEAMBOAT. Robert Fulton, a native of Pennsylvania, was the first man who built a boat to be moved by steam. He was born of poor parents, and in his youth he had only a common English education, and he spent much of his time in the shops of mechanics. JH e went to Europe, when he grew up, and while there he made experiments with boats, which attracted the attention of many wise men. The first steamboat in this country was built in New-York, and launched on the East River in the spring of the year eighteen hundred and seven. While Fulton was building his boat, every body laughed at him, as the people laughed at Noah while he Was building the ark. But when they saw the boat moving steadily onward in the water against the wind and the tide, they were filled with wonder, and they made the shore ring with their shouts of applause. 128 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. The boat made its first trip from New- York to Albany in thirty-two hours, and soon its speed was improved, and other boats were built. And now the steamboat is used on many rivers in this country, and in other countries, and vessels are driven across the mighty ocean, by the power of steam. LESSON 142. THE LOCOMOTIVE. The great stones of which the pyramids in Egypt were built, were moved upon railroads made of stone. In modern times, railroads are made by laying two bars of iron side by side, about four feet apart, and on these the carriage wheels run with great ease. The locomotive is the engine, driven by steam, which draws the cars with their heavy loads of passengers and freight. Railroads are now used in all parts of the United States, and in other parts of the world. The man who invented the steam-carriage, or the locomotive to draw carriages on land, was Oliver Evans, a native of the State of Delaware, an American mechanic. He was ridiculed, as Robert Fulton was, by those who could not understand his plans, but he persevered until he was able to show to the world what great things could be done by the locomotive. He said, " the time will come when people will travel in coaches moved by steam engines, from one city to another, almost as fast as birds fly, fifteen or twenty miles in an hour." READING LESSONS. 129 " A carriage will set out from Washington in the morning, the passengers will breakfast at Baltimore, dine at Philadelphia, and sup in New- York the same day." This was said by Oliver Evans, near the be- ginning of the present century, and we have seen the prophecy fulfilled. LESSON 143. THE BUFFALO HUNT. This picture presents a most exciting scene on the Western prairie. The Bison or the American Buffalo roams in large herds, and is hunted chiefly for his skin. He is about the size of an ox. His limbs and tail are short. His head is large, his horns are round, short, and almost straight. A thick curly hair of a brown color covers 130 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. his head, neck and shoulders, while the rest of his body is covered with smooth, black hair. The skin makes an excellent blanket, which is used in sleigh-riding. The buffalo wanders from place to place in search of food and to escape from the hunters, who pursue him on horseback, and shoot him with the rifle or arrow. His smell is so acute that he perceives the hunters when at a great distance, and then he attempts to fly beyond their reach. Large parties are sometimes formed to hunt the buffalo for the excitement and pleasure which it affords. It is not right to kill any animals for sport. If they are killed for any useful purpose, it is right to take their lives; but it is wrong to kill birds, or beasts, or fish, for the mere pleasure of killing them. This picture serves to remind us that a very few years ago the western part of the United States was a wilderness, where the wild Indian roamed, and hunted the beast of prey. Cities and villages are now rising, and the population is increasing with great rapidity. In this country we enjoy the blessings of education, religion, and liberty, in a greater degree than they are enjoyed in any other country on the globe. We ought to be thankful that we have had our birth and instruction in this happy land, and j we ought to improve the blessings which God has bestowed upon us. LESSON 144. LANDING OF THE PILGRIM FATHERS. The Pilgrim Fathers landed on Plymouth rock on the twenty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord sixteen hundred and twenty. They came to New-England that they might enjoy the liberty of worshipping God according to the dictates of their own conscience. The name of the vessel in which they came | was the Mayflower, and the voyage was long and I dangerous. One hundred and one passengers, men, wo- men, and children, were landed in the midst of winter, and their sufferings were very great. But they put their trust in God, and He watched over them in the wilderness. The breaking waves dashed high, On a stern and rock-bound coast, And the woods against a stormy sky Their giant branches toss'd ; 132 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. And the heavy night hung dark The hills and waters o'er, When a band of exiles moor'd their bark On the wild New-England shore. Not as the conqueror comes, They, the true-hearted, came ; Not with the roll of the stirring drums, And the trumpet that sings of fame ; Not as the flying come, In silence and in fear ; They shook the depths of the desert gloom With their hymns of lofty cheer. Amidst the storm they sang, And the stars heard, and the sea ; And the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang To the anthems of the free ! The ocean eagle soar'd From his nest by the white wave's foam, And the rocking pines of the forest roar'd : This was their welcome home ! There were men with hoary hair Amidst that pilgrim band ; Why had they come to wither there, Away from their childhood's land ? There was woman's fearless eye, Lit by her deep love's truth ; There was manhood's brow serenely high, And the fiery heart of youth. What sought they thus afar ? Bright jewels of the mine ? The wealth of seas, the spoils of war ? They sought a faith's pure shrine ! Ay, call it holy ground, The soil where first they trod ; They have left unstain'd what there they found,- Freedom to worship God. — Mrs. Hermans. READING LESSONS. L33 LESSON 145. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. This country was first settled by colonies from Great Britain. For many years these colonies were under the British government ; but the people, after submitting to long and severe op- pression, determined to be free. Delegates from thirteen colonies assembled in the city of Philadelphia, and after deliberating for many weeks, they adopted a Declaration of In- dependence, on the Fourth of July, in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and seventy-six. This Declaration set forth the wrongs which the colonies had suffered, and the refusal of the British Government to redress those wrongs; and it asserted the right of the people to alter their form of government, when it did not answer the ends for which it was made. In this Declaration the delegates of the Amer- ican colonies appealed to the Supreme Judge of 12 134 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. the world for the rectitude of their intentions ; and for the support of the Declaration they pledged to each other their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor. Then followed the Revolutionary war, a long and bloody contest, which resulted in the inde- pendence of these United States, which have since advanced in population and general pros- perity more rapidly than any nation in the world. LESSON 146. THE CHURCH AND THE SCHOOL-HOUSE. Do you see that neat church, with its tall spire pointing toward the sky ? Yes ; and a school-house too, with the boys at play in front of it. In the church you will learn the way to be saved. You should not fail to go to the house of God on the Sabbath day. While you are at church you should listen to READING LESSONS. 135 all that is said, and keep in mind that the Lord is in his holy temple. At school you should attend with diligence to your studies ; and strive to learn while you are young, that you may be useful and happy while you live. The church and the school are here placed side by side, and it serves to remind us that virtue and knpwledge should always go hand in hand. He only is truly wise who is truly good. LESSON 147. OF KEEPING COMPANY WITH OTHER YOUTHS. 1. Choose for your companions the best be- haved and good-humored of your school-fellows. 2. Avoid all such companions as are rude, or cruel. 3. Never join a party in any mischief. 4. Never mix with those who torment dumb creatures in sport. 5. Be willing to oblige every one ; but not ready to take offence at any. 6. If any one use you unkindly, treat him kindly, or do not keep company with him after- wards. 7. Never quarrel : it is the practice only of bad boys. 8. If you see your play-fellows do any thing wrong, tell them of it ; and if you hear them speak improper words, show you are displeased, but never imitate them. 9. Be not proud of your birth ; but show re- 136 THE ENGLISH SPELLING BOOK. spect to those who are older and have more learning. 10. Do not fret at the jests of your compan- ions, if they sometimes fall upon yourself. 11. Never reflect upon any one's dress. 12. Never take notice of bodily imperfections. 13. Never defraud your companions of the least thing : honesty is shown as much in trifles as in great matters. 14. Be generous, but not foolish in your gen- erosity. 15. Do not interrupt others in doing their business. 16. Never engage in any low diversions. 17. Never call any one by a reproachful name. 18. Never laugh at your companions, much less at strangers. 19. When you speak of others, let it be with respect ; and if others speak ill in your company, do not join with them. 20. Never tell, out of school, what happened in school. 21. Never repeat the conversation of your companions to breed mischief. 22. Never tell to any one what you have heard in your own or any other family. POINTS OR MARKS USED IN WRITING. 137 POINTS OR MARKS USED IN WRITING. The principal points or marks employed in punctuation are the following : Comma, ? Interrogation, 2 Semicolon, 5 Exclamation, I Colon, Dash, — Period, . )ther marks are also used , viz. : Hyphen, Parenthesis, () Section, Paragraph, § IT Brackets, Apostrophe, Quotation, [] Brace, Accent, J Caret, A Small dash, ~ Diaeresis, •• Breve, " Index, Cedilla, Ellipsis, *%* Marginal ] References. Asterisk or stai * Section, **?WJv vv <* **• PreservationTechnologies • ^ *^q .£* «*'* *<£ A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION ty,^* ^(^ Vp» a y*mA?%*-'* ^ 111 Thomson Park-Drive AlH%.* «aa 4/ *JE\llj(0?? 1 * "*yfc Cranberry Township, PA 16066 |g>3 r ^V • < ^&^M^'* (724)779-2111 % A ^ £» ' "^P» 4