Pass i\ / Aj 1 Bnnlc '.n fingrighfH \^ 66 COP»R!GHT DEPOSIT. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRESS NOTICES OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF GOULD'S STUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY " One pleasing feature of the book is that the reader can almost invariably find the definition under the word he looks for, without being referred from one place to another, as is too com- monly the case in medical dictionaries. The tables of the bacilli, micrococci, leucomains and ptomains are excellent, and contain a large amount of information in a limited space. The anatomical tables, are also concise and clear. . . . We should unhesitatingly recommend this dictionary to our readers, feeling sure that it will prove of much value to them." — A?)ierican Journal of Medical Science. " Again and again we have submitted the book to tests, and we have found it reliable and full, every page giving proof of careful editing and research. It is sufficiently large to meet the requirements of any ordinary practitioner. Of course, the bespectacled, polysyllabic, home-from- Berlin young man could not take pleasure or feel satisfied in anything short of a multi-volumi- nous work ; but, like the Heathen, he is a law unto himself, and may safely be left out of calculation in practical therapeutics. In addition to the dictionary proper we have elaborate tables of bacilli, micrococci, leucomains and ptomains, and all such infinitesimal creatures as we to-day build laboratories to hatch ; tables with analyses of American mineral waters, some of which waters will soon, we believe, be found in our midst ; and tables of vital statistics. All this great mass of information is excellently arranged, so that the reader has no difficulty in at once finding what he wants, and the type is beautifully clear, there being no blurring, so that reading is a pleasure. As we turn over the pages we are grateful for the free-trade system that admits, free of duty, such a useful and desirable book." — The Dublin Journal of Medical Science. " We know of no work in which so many important and yet isolated facts may be obtained without great expenditure of time. The tables of muscles, nerves, arteries, etc., seem to be very complete, and in looking through the dictionary, we were struck by the good presswork, clear type, and handsome paper, while no one of the many words which it occurred to us to look for have been found absent." — Therapeutic Gazette. " As a handy, concise and accurate, and complete medical dictionary it decidedly claims a very high place among works of this description. In fact, taking handiness and cheapness into account, we certainly think this is the general practitioner's model dictionary, and we cordially recommend it to our readers. The definitions are for the most part terse and accurate, and the derivations up to modern lights." — British Medical Journal. " I find it an excellent work, doing credit to the learning and discrimination of the author." — Dr. J. M. Da Costa, Prof, of Practice of ALedicine, Jefferson Aledical College. " In gynecology, ophthalmology, otology, and laryngology ; in biology, embryology, physi- ology, and pathology ; in electro-therapeutics, and in the newly-developed fields of bac- teriology, ptomains and leucomains, the aim has been evidently to issue an authoritative text-book, one that should be ample in its vocabulary, concise in its definitions, compact in its arrangement, and convenient of size for the everyday use of busy practitioners and as a handbook for medical students. The author, in this respect, is to be congratulated upon his success, and so far as a careful examination enables us to judge, it faithfully represents the medical literature of to-day. " — Journal of Ajnerican Medical Association. " The work of Dr. Gould claims to be essentially a new work, all definitions being framed 'by the direct aid of new, standard, and authoritative text-books.' It certainly bears very little resemblance to previous works of the kind, in nearly all of which a great deal of space is devoted to obsolete terms. . . . More complete and more up to date than any other medi- cal dictionary of similar dimensions in our own, or, indeed, as far as we know, in any other language." — London Lancet. THE STUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY GOULD BY THE SAME AUTHOR. The Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine, Biology, and Allied Sciences* Fifth Edition* INCLUDING THE PRONUNCIATION, ACCENTUATION, DERIVATION, AND DEFINITION OF THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE AND THOSE SCIENCES COLLATERAL TO IT I BIOLOGY (ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY), CHEMISTRY, DENTISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY, microscopy, etc. With many Useful Tables and numerous Fine Illustra- tions. Large, Square Octavo. 1633 pages. Fifth Edition, now ready. Full Sheep or Half Dark- green Leather, $10.00 ; with Thumb Index, $11.00 ; Half Russia, Thumb Index, $12.00. From the Boston "Medical and Surgical Journal": " So far as the test of daily use has been made no word has been found wanting, while the arrangement of biologic and bacteriologic terms gives the greatest satisfaction. The volume is of a size to be easily used, and contains about 1630 pages ; yet within that space is epitomized, and that without any sacrifice of clearness, a larger amount of infor- mation than in any other similar book we know. Much of this is accomplished by the judicious and skilled use of tables, which at once economizes space and makes comparison easy. Besides the ordinary tables of muscles, nerves, and. arteries, there are several deserving of special mention, such as the tables of stains and tests, giving the names and agents employed, as well as the methods of application and reactions. The table of named operations is of particular excellence, while the long tables of parasites and bacteria, which fill forty-three and thirty-two pages respectively, are probably the most complete lists ever published. . . . The illus- trations are exceptionally clear, and are used with discretion, so as to be of considerable help. The mechanical execution of the book leaves nothing whatever to be desired." From the "British Medical Journal": " The English-speaking part of the medical profession is also to be congratulated on having at last placed in its hands a dictionary fit to compare with the classic work of Littre, to which it is equal in scientific accuracy, and superior both in the amount and in the quality of practical help which it gives to the student. In this splendid book Dr. Gould has raised a monu- ment of his own wide knowledge and conscientious industry more enduring and far more useful than three-fourths of the showier intellectual produce given to the world as ' original scientific work.' " The Pocket Pronouncing Medical Lexicon* 30,000 Words Pronounced and Defined* FOURTH EDITION. JUST READY. GIVING THE PRONUNCIATION AND DEFINITION OF THE PRINCIPAL WORDS USED IN MEDICINE AND THE COLLATERAL SCIENCES, INCLUDING VERY COM- PLETE TABLES OF CLINICAL EPONYMIC TERMS, OF THE ARTERIES, MUS- CLES, NERVES, BACTERIA, BACILLI, MICROCOCCI, SPIRILLA, AND THERMO- METRY SCALES, AND A DOSE-LIST OF DRUGS AND THEIR PREPARATIONS, IN BOTH THE ENGLISH AND METRIC SYSTEMS OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Arranged in a most convenient form for reference and memorizing. The system of pronunciation is very simple. Thin 64mo. 838 pages. Full Limp Leather, Gilt Edges, $1.00 ; Thumb Index, $1.25. These books may be ordered through any bookseller, or upon receipt of price the publishers will deliver free to the purchaser's address. Full descriptive circulars and sample pages sent free upon application. 100,000 COPIES OF GOULD'S DICTIONARIES HAVE BEEN SOLD. THE STUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY INCLUDING ALL THE WORDS AND PHRASES GENERALLY USED IN MEDICINE, WITH THEIR PROPER PRO- NUNCIATION AND DEFINITIONS BASED ON RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE RY GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D. AUTHOR OF "AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, AND ALLIED SCIENCES," "30,000 MEDICAL WORDS PRONOUNCED AND DEFINED," " THE MEANING AND THE METHOD OF LIFE," " BORDERLAND STUDIES J " EDITOR "PHILADELPHIA MEDICAL JOURNAL ; " PRESIDENT, 1 893-1 894, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE WITH ELABORATE TABLES OF THE BACILLI, MICROCOCCI, LEUCOMAINS, PTOMAINS, ETC.; OF THE ARTERIES, GANGLIA, MUSCLES, AND NERVES; OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, ANALYSES OF THE WATERS OF THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC., ETC. AND A NEW TABLE OF EPONYMIC TERMS AND TESTS ELEVENTH EDITION, ENLARGED WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS PHILADELPHIA P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO IOI2 WALNUT STREET I9OO 43594 Library «f Congress Two Copies Received SEP 5 1900 Copyn'gM antry SECOND COPY. Oe< Ohm. p Specific Resistance. ry J Megohm (one-millionth part of an X ohm). -||H Battery. -f- Anode or Positive Pole. — Kathode or Negative Pole. > . Greater than, as K > A. < Less than. ABBREVIATIONS. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY. Am- indicates the group NH 2 . Azo-, diazo-, and hydrazo- indicate compounds in which nitrogen atoms are linked in various ways. Di- is applied as a prefix to signify two. Im- indicates the group NH. Ket- indicates the molecule CO in certain structu- ral relations. Mon- is employed as a prefix to signify one. Nitro- indicates the group NO2. Pent- is applied as a prefix to signify five. per- denotes in a rather vague sense an indefinitely large amount of the body to which it is pre- fixed, or to which it is referred. Sesqui- indicates the proportion of two to three. Sub- is employed in a rather vague sense to indi- cate deficiency of the body to which it is prefixed. Tetr- is applied as a prefix to signify four. Thio- indicates sulphur, especially replacing oxy- gen. Tri- (sometimes " ter-") is applied as a prefix to signify three. -al indicates aldehydic structure. -an is applied to a class of bodies related to the starch and sugar group. -ane indicates a saturated hydrocarbon. -ase indicates an enzyme, or nonorganized fer- ment, e. g., diastase. This termination is at present restricted generally to enzymes of vegetable origin, but it should also be used with animal enzymes — which, however, usu- ally end in " in." It would thus be better to say pepsase and trypsase, rather than pepsin and trypsin. -ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying any salt formed by an acid acting on a base ; e.g., sulphate, phosphate. -ic denotes the higher of two valencies assumed by an element, and incidentally in many cases a larger amount of oxygen. -in is of no precise significance, and is mostly ap- plied to bodies the structure of which is not yet known. -yl, -ene, -enyl, and -ine indicate hydrocarbons. According to the American system of orthog raphy, the only case in which " ine " is used is as a termination for a series of hydrocar- bons, beginning with Ethine, C2H2. Eng- lish writers and some American chemists use it to signify basic properties, regarding -in as the proper term for nonbasic bodies. They thus distinguish between salicin, which forms no salts with acids, and morphin (which under such system is spelled "morphine"), which does. It must be noted that such methods are not in accordance with the ten- dency of modern chemic nomenclature, which seeks to express structure, not properties. The organic bases or alkaloids are not all of the same type, and when their structure is elucidated systematic names will be found for them. Until then there is no particular gain in indicating them as a group. -id is similar to " in." -ol indicates alcoholic structure, i. e., presence of the group HO (hydroxyl), e. g., alcohol, gly- cerol, phenol. -one is applied to bodies related to the starches and sugars. It is, however, not used with this significance in " peptone," which word is not formed according to any established 'system. -ose indicates a carbohydrate, e. g., glucose, al- though it is also occasionally applied to the results of digestion of proteids, e. g., album- ose. -ous denotes the lower of two degrees of valency assumed by an element and incidentally indi- cates, in many cases, a small amount of oxy- gen. The word sulphonic indicates the group HSO3. SUNDRY ABBREVIATIONS. Am American. Arab Arabic. A. S Anglo-Saxon. Beng Bengalese. B. P., Br. P. . British Pharmacopeia. B. Ph., Br. Ph. " Bret Breton. Celt Celtic. Comp Comparative. D., Du. .... Dutch. Dim ; Diminutive. Elec Electricity. Eng English. F., Fern. . . . Feminine. Fr French. Gael Gaelic. Ger German. G. Ph German Pharmacopeia. Gr Greek. Heb Hebrew. Icel. .... .dcelandic. It Italian. Jav., ..... Javanese. L., or Lat. . . Latin. Masc Masculine. ME Middle English. Med Medicine ; Medical. Neg Negative. N. F National Formulary. Obs Obsolete. O. D., O. Du. . Old Dutch. O. Fr Old French. O. L. G. ... Old Low German. Ophth Ophthalmology ; Ophthalmologic. Pers Persian. Peruv. .... Peruvian. Pg Portuguese. pi Plural. priv Privative. Sax Saxon. Scand Scandinavian. Skt Sanskrit. Sp Spanish. Superl Superlative. Surg Surgery ; Surgical. Teut Teutonic. Unof. Unofficial. U. S. Ph., U. S. P. . United States Pharmacopeia. VALUES OF LETTERS USED IN PRONUNCIATION. MATHEMATIC MEMORANDA. To reduce grams to grains, multiply by 15.432. To reduce grains to grams, multiply by 0.0648, To reduce kilograms to pounds, multiply by 2.2046. To reduce ounces to grams, multiply by 28.349. To reduce inches to meters, multiply by 0.0254. To reduce inches to centimeters, multiply by 2.540. To reduce centimeters to inches, multiply by 0.3937. To reduce pints to cubic centimeters, multiply by 567.936. To reduce liters to gallons, multiply by 0.22. To reduce gallons to liters, multiply by 4.548. 1 grain = 0.064799 gram. 1 gram = 15.43235 grains. 1 millimeter = 0.03937 inch. 1 liter = 1.76077 pints. 1 minim = 0.91 grain of water. 1 line = 3^ inch. 1 n = one-thousandth of a milli- meter, 1 micron, or 1 micromillimeter, or 0.001 mm. 1 oz. (Avoirdupois) = 28.34954 grams. 1 oz. (Troy) = 31.10349 grams. 1 cc. of water at 4 C. = 1 gram. 30 in. (barometer) = 761.986 millimeters. VALUES OF LETTERS USED IN PRONUNCIATION. In giving the pronunciation, the word has been divided into syllables according to the following plan : When a vowel is long and is followed by a consonant, the latter is considered as belonging to the succeeding syllable; e. g., pet-r^'-le-urn. When the vowel is short the consonant is considered as of the syllable containing the vowel ; e. g. , man-z^-u-la'-shun. The vowels have then the following values : a, e, i, o, u, when immediately followed by a hyphen or at the end of a word, are long — a = ay in may ; e = ee in feel ; i = i in mine ; o = ow in flow ; u = ew in new. When followed by a consonant and not marked with a - above, a = a in cat ; e = e in met ; i — i in sit ; = in not ; u = u in but ; 00 = 00 in boot. Consonants : ch = ch in cherry ; g = g in get ; j ==J in joy : nfg) = ng in gong. INDEX OF TABLES APPEARING IN REGULAR ALPHABETIC ORDER. Acids. Anesthetics. Arteries. Bacteria. Baths. Batteries, Electric. Breath-sounds. Canals. Convolutions of Brain. Craniometric Points. Elements, Chemic. Exanthemata. Fissures. Foramina. Ganglia. Laws. Leukomains. Ligaments. Lines or Lineee. Memhranes. Metric System. Monstrosities. Murmurs. Muscles. Nerves. Nuclei. Operations, Eponymic. Pelves. Points. Poisons. Positions. Pregnancy, Duration of. Processes. Ptomains. Rales. Reflexes. Respiration. Signs and Symptoms of Diseases. Sinuses. Sutures. Triangles. Tumors. Units. Veins. Weights and Measures. APPENDIX. Mineral Springs of the United States. Eponymic Terms and Tests. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Showing the Sicbjects Illustrated, but Not the Number of Figures. Abdominal : Course and Relations of the Abdom- inal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava. Alimentary : Scheme of the Digestive Tract. Ankle-joint: Posterior View and Vertical Sec- tion. Arteries : General Scheme of. Bandages. Bones. Brain : Superior Aspect ; Inferior Aspect ; Medi- section of ; Lateral Aspect. Ear: Auditory Ossicles; Osseous Labyrinth of; Osseous and Membranous Labyrinth of ; Coch- lea ; Membranous Labyrinth of. Elbow-joint. Eye : Vertical Section of ; Muscles of ; Posterior Hemisphere of the Globe of; Relations of the Eye and Lacrimal Excretory Apparatus ; Lacri- mal and Meibomian Glands and Adjacent Organs; Iris and Choroid ; Ciliary Muscle ; Vertical Sec- tion through the Upper Eyelid ; Section of Ciliary Body and Iris. Heart : Right Side ; Left Side ; Horizontal Section of Lung and Heart. Hemocytometer. Hemoglobinometer : Gowers' ; Von Fleischl's. Hernia : Oblique Inguinal ; Direct Inguinal ; Fem- oral ; Strangulated ; Unstrangulated ; Radical Operation for Inguinal. Hip-joint: Vertical Section of; Ligaments of. Intestines : Stomach and Intestines. Kidney : Longitudinal Section of ; Relations Borne by Blood-vessels to Tubules of. Knee-joint : Vertical Section of; Anterior View of Ligaments of. Knot : Principal Surgical Knots. Larynx : Posterior View of ; Front View. Ligaments. Lymphatics. Microscope. Motor Points. Muscles. Neck : Vessels and Nerves of. Nerves. Nose: Front View of Skeleton of; Transveise Section of the Nasal Fossae. Pelvis. Pharynx : Opened Posteriorly, Showing Larynx, Tongue, and Soft Palate. Postures. Regions. Shoulder-joint: Diagrammatic Section of Shoul- der ; Ligaments of the Scapula and Shoulder- joint. Skeleton. Spinal Cord: Vertebral Column, Lateral Aspect; Transverse Sections of Spinal Cord ; Columns of ; Superior or Cervical Segment of; Middle or Dorsal Portion of; Inferior Portion of Cord and Cauda Equina. Sutures. Thorax: Contents of; Anterior View. Tongue: Muscles of; Under Surface of. Urinary Sediments. Veins : General Scheme of. Wrist-joint : Ligaments of the Anterior Aspect of Wrist and Hand ; Disposition of the Chief Syno- vial Membranes of; Lower End of Radius and Ulna. THE NEW STUDENTS' MEDICAL DICTIONARY. A [d, av, or a//, without] . I . The Greek letter alpha, called alpha privative, equivalent to the prefix un or in. It denotes absence or want of the thing or quality expressed by the root of the word. 2. Symbol of Argon. A a [avd, of each]. An abbreviation, written aa, used in prescriptions to denote repetition of the same quantity for each item. Ab [ab, from]. A Latin preposition signi- fying y?"0#?. Abaca {ab'-ak-ah, Sp. pron. ah-vah-kah f ) . Manilla hemp. See Hemp. Also Musa textilis, the plant which produces it. Abadie's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Abaptiston (ah-bap-tis'-ton) [a priv. ; (3&tc- Tiorog, immersed]. A trephine so shaped that penetration of the brain is impossible. Abarthrosis [ab-ar-thro'-sis) [ab, from ; ar- throsis, a joint]. Same as Diarthrosis, or Abarticnlation. Abarticular [ab-ar-tik' '-u-lar) [ab, from ; articulns, joint]. Not connected with or not situated near a joint. Abarticulation (ab-ar-tik-u-la^shun) [ab, from; articulatio, joint]. I. Same as Di- arthrosis; sometimes also a synonym of Synarthrosis . 2. A luxation. Abasia (ah-ba / -ze-ah) [d priv. ; /3dapov, the eyelid]. Without eyelids. Ablepsia {ah-blep r -se-ali) [aft/ieipia, without sight]. I. Blindness. 2. Dulness of per- ception. Abluent {ab f -lu-enf) \_abluere, to wash away]. Detergent. That which cleanses or washes away. Ablution {ab-lu'-shuri) [abluere, to wash away]. Washing or cleansing the body. Separation of chemic impurities by washing. Abnormal [ab-nor' '-mal) \_ab, away from; norma, a law]. Not normal ; not conform- able with nature or with the general rule. Abnormality [ab-nor-indV -it-e) \_ab, away from ; norma, a law]. The quality of being abnormal ; a deformity or malformation. Abnormity {ab-nor'-mit-e). Same as Abnor- mality. Abomasum {ab-o-ma / -sum) [ab, away ; oma- suni, paunch]. The reed or proper digestive stomach of ruminating mammals. Also called " fourth," or "true," stomach. Aboral {ab-o f -ral) [ab, away from ; os, the mouth]. Opposite to, or remote from, the mouth. Abort [ab-ort f ) [ab, from; ortus, from orh'i, to grow]. 1. To miscarry; to expel the fetus before it is viable. 2. To prevent the full development, as of a disease. 3. To come short of full development. Abortient {ab-or' -shent) [ab, from ; oriri, to grow]. Abortive; abortifacient. Abortifacient {ab-or-te-fa f -shent) [abortus; facere, to make]. I. Causing abortion. 2. A drug or agent inducing the expulsion of the fetus. Abortion [ab-or'-shuri) [abortus, a miscar- riage]. The expulsion of the ovum before the child is viable, that is, occurring any time before the end of the sixth month. By some authors expulsion of the ovum during the first three months is termed abortion ; from this time to viability it is termed imma- ture delivery, or miscarj'iage, and from the period of viability to that of maturity, prema- ture delivery. A., Accidental. See A., Spontaneous. A., Artificial, that produced intentionally. A., Criminal, when not de- manded for therapeutic reasons. A., Habi- tual, repeated A. in successive pregnancies, usually due to syphilis. A., Incomplete, when the membranes or the placenta is re- tained. A., Induced. See A., Artificial. A., Inevitable, when the embryo or fetus is dead, or when there is an extensive detach- ment or rupture of the ovum. A., Missed, the death of the fetus and not followed within two weeks by its expulsion. A., Sponta- neous, that not induced by artificial means. Abortionist [ab-or' '-s/iun-ist) [abortus, a miscarriage]. One who criminally produces abortions ; especially one who follows the business of producing abortions. Abortive [ab-or f -tiv) [abortus, a miscarriage]. Prematurely born ; coming to an untimely end ; incompletely developed ; cutting short the course of a disease ; abortifacient. Abortus [ab-or' '-tus) [L.]. An aborted fetus ; abortion. Aboulia {ah-boo f -le-ali). See Abulia. Aboulomania {aJi-boo lo-ma f -ne-ah). See Abulomania. Abrachia (ah-bra f -ke-ah) [a priv. ; fipax'uov, arm]. The condition of an armless monster. Abrachiocephalia {ah-bra-ke-o-sef-a' '-leak) [a priv.; fipax'iuv, arm; tietyaTi?], head]. Absence of the head and arms. Abrachius {ah-bra f -ke-us). A monster with- out arms. See Abrachia. Abrasio (ab-ra' '-ze-o) [L.]. An abrasion. A. corneae, a scraping off of the superficial epithelium of the cornea. Abrasion [ab-ra / -zhun) [ab, from; radere, to rub]. The rubbing off of the cutaneous or mucous surface by an injury. Abrin (a'-brin). The chemic ferment or poisonous principle of jequirity. It has been employed in the study of immunity. Abrotanum [a-b-rotf -an-uni) [h ^porovov, an aromatic plant]. The plant called Southern Wood, Artemisia abrotanum. Abrus {a r -brus) [aj3pog, pretty]. Jequirity; Indian Licorice. The seeds of A. precatorius, or Wild Licorice. Its properties are thought ABSCESS ACACIA to be due to the presence of certain ferments. See Abrin. Infusions applied to the conjunc- tiva or to any mucous surface induce violent purulent inflammation with growth of false membrane. It is used in producing artifi- cial conjunctivitis. Abscess {ab'-ses) [abscessus, a departure or separation]. A localized collection of pus surrounded by a wall of lymph. According to location, abscesses are named Dorsal, Iliac, Mammary, Ischio-rectal, Perityphlitic, Retro- pharyngeal, Urethral, etc. A., Alveolar, abscess in the gum or alveolus. A., Athero- matous, an area of softening in the wall of a vessel the result of sclerotic endarteritis. A., Bursal, abscess in the bursse. A., Canali- cular, mammary abscess that communicates with a milk duct. A., Chronic, or Cold Abscess, one of slow and apparently non-in- flammatory development, generally about a bone, joint, or gland. It is usually tubercu- lous and contains cheesy material. A., Cold. See A. Chronic. A., Congestive, the pus appears at a point distant from where it is formed. A., Embolic, formed at the seat of a septic embolus. A., Metastatic. See A. Embolic. A., Miliary, a small embolic abscess. A., Primary, one formed at the seat of pyogenic infection. A., Psoas, one arising from disease of the lumbar or lower dorsal vertebrae, the pus descending in the sheath of the psoas muscle, and usually pointing beneath Poupart's ligament. A., Pyemic. See Pyemia. A., Residual, one formed in or about the residues of former inflammation. A., Tuberculous. Same as A., Chronic. Abscissae {ab-sis ; -se) \_ab, away ; scindere, to cut]. The transverse lines cutting vertical ones at right angles, to show by a diagram the relations of two series of facts, as, e. g., the number of pulse-beats, or the temperature record in given periods of time. Abscission [ab-sish' '-un) [ab, from ; scindere, to cut] . Removal of a part by cutting. Absinthe [ab f sintJi) . See Absinthium. Absinthin [ab-sin f -thin) [absinthium']. A bitter crystalline principle obtainable from wormwood. See Absinthium. Absinthism (ab-sinth'-izm). A disease simi- lar to alcoholism, the result of the excessive use of absinthe. It is characterized by gen- eral muscular debility and mental disturb- ances, that may proceed to convulsions, acute mania, or general paralysis. Absinthium (ab-sinth'-e-um) [L.]. Worm- wood. The leaves and tops of Artemisia ab- sinthium. A. contains a volatile oil and an in- tensely bitter principle, Absinthin, C 20 H. 28 O 4 , which is a narcotic poison. A. increases cardiac action, produces tremor and epilepti- form convulsions. Dose gr. xx-xl (1.3-2.6), in infusion. It is used as a stomachic tonie. Absinthe, a French liquor, is an alcoholic solution of the oil exhibited with oils of anise, marjoram, and other aromatic oils. Absinthol (ab-sinth'-ol), C 10 H 16 O. The prin- cipal constituent of oil of wormwood; it is isomeric with ordinary camphor. Absorb {absorb') \_ab, from ; sorbere, to suck up] . To suck up or imbibe ; to take within one's self. Absorbent {ab-sor'-bent) \_absorbere, to suck in]. I. Absorbing, capable of absorbing. 2. An organ or part that absorbs. 3. A term applied to the Lacteals and Lymphatics. 4. In materia medica, a drug or medicine that produces absorption of diseased tissue. A. Glands. See Lymphatics . A. System, the lacteals and lymphatics, with their asso- ciated glands. Absorptiometer (ab-sorp-te-om 7 -et-er) [ab- sorption; juerpov, measure]. A device for measuring the thickness of the layer of liquid that is taken up between two glass plates by capillary attraction. Used in conjunction with a spectro-photometer, it serves as a hematoscope. Absorption (ab-sorp' '-shun) [absorbere, to suck in]. The permeation or imbibition of one body by another. A. Lines or Bands, dark lines of the spectrum, called Fraun- hofer's lines, caused by the arrest or absorp- tion of the ethereal waves of certain lengths and rapidities, mainly by vapors of the sun's atmosphere. A., Interstitial, the removal by the absorbent system of effete matters. Absorptive (ab-sorp f -tiv) [absorbere, to suck in]. Having the power or function of absorb- ing. Abstergent (ab-ster'-Jent) [abs, from ; tergere, to cleanse]. Cleansing, detergent. See Detergent. Abstersive (ab-ster'-siv) [abstersivus\ Ab- stergent. Abstract {a¥ -strakt) [abstrahere, to draw away]. In pharmacy, a solid preparation in which two parts of the drug are represented by one part of the abstract (which is com- pounded with milk-sugar). Abstracts are double the strength of the fluid extracts. Abterminal (ab-ter'-min-al) [ab, from; ter- minus, end]. Passing from tendinous into muscular tissue (used of electric currents). Abulia {ah-bu f -le-ah) [a priv. ; ftovA-q, will]. Loss or defect of will-power, Abulic [ah-bu'-lik) [a priv. ; /3ovlr/, will]. Characterized by or affected with abulia. Abulomania (ah-bu-lo-ma' -ne-ah) [a priv. ; ftov'Xi], will; fiavin, madness]. A disease of the mind characterized by imperfect or lost will-power. Acacia [ah-ka' '-she-ah) [L.]. I. A large genus of leguminous trees, shrubs, and ACALYPHA ACCOMMODATION herbs, many of them Australian or African. A number of the species are medicinal, and some are poisonous* The bark is usually very astringent. Gum arabic is produced by various species. 2. A. anthelmintica. See Mussanin. A. catechu. See Catechu. A. lebbek, A. ni/otica, A. vera, and A. verek, are among the species that furnish gum arabic. 3. Gum Arabic. A nearly white, transparent gum, exuding from Acacia Senegal. Soluble in water. It is used in the manufacture of mucilage, and contains Arabin, C 12 H 22 O n , identical in composition with cane sugar. A., Mucilago, acacia 34, water, to make 100 parts ; incompatible with alcoholic tinctures. A., Syrup., mucilage 25, syrup, simp. 75. It is used in various mixtures as a demulcent and to suspend insoluble powders. Acalypha (ah -ha/' -if -ah) [aicaXvtpi/z, un- veiled]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants. A., Ext. Liq. Dose TT^ x-^j (0.6-4.0). A. fruticosa,oi India, is useful in dyspepsia and diarrhea, and is tonic and alterant/ A. hispida has similar uses. A. indica, a euphorbiace- ous plant, common in India. The leaves are expectorant, emetic, laxative. A., Succus. Dose for an infant sjj (4.0). Unof. A. vir- ginica, of North America, is diuretic and ex- pectorant. Acanthia lectularia (ak-an* '-the-ah lek-chu- la'-re-ah) [L.]. The common bedbug. Acanthial {ak-an f -the-al) [anavdiov, a little thorn] . Pertaining to the acanthion. Acanthion {ak-an' '-the-on) [anavdiov, a little thorn]. A point at the base of the nasal spine. Acanthoma [ak - an - tho f - mail) \hnavda, a spine]. A localized excessive growth in any part of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. Acanthosis (ak-an-tho / -sis) [anavda, thorn]. Any skin disease marked by abnormalities in the prickle-cell layer. A. nigricans, a gen- eral pigmentation of the skin, with papillary, mole-like growths ; a rare condition. Acardia (ah-kar / -de-ah) [d priv. ; icapSia, heart] . Congenital absence of the heart. Acariasis (ak-ar-i f -as-is) [d priv.; neipeiv, to cut]. See Mange. Acarid, Acaridan (ak f -ar-id, ak-ar' -id-an) [anapijQ^ small, tiny]. Pertaining to Acarus. Acarinosis {ak-ar-in-o' '-sis) \_acarus, a mite]. Any disease, as the itch, produced by a mite, or acarid. Acarodermatitis (ak -ar-o- der-mat-i f - tis) \_acarus, a mite; dermatitis]. Dermatitis caused by acari, or mites. Acaroid [ak' '-ar-oid) [Acarus, a mite]. Mite- like. A. Gum, Botany Bay Gum; Resina lutea. An aromatic resin used in Australia as a remedy for gastric troubles, intestinal catarrhs, diarrheas, etc. Dose grs. viij-xvj, (0.5-1.0), in alcoholic solution. Unof. A. Resin, Black Boy Gum. The resin of vari- ous species of Xanthorrhea . Benzoic acid is prepared from it, and it is said to have the properties of storax, and balsam of Peru. Acarus (ak f -ar-us) [d priv.; neipeiv, to cut (because so small)]. The mite, or tick, a parasite of man and animals. Acataphasia {ah-kat-af-a' '-ze-ah) [d priv. ; Kara, after; (pdatg, utterance]. A disorder in the syntactical arrangement of uttered speech, due to some central lesion. Acathectic (ak-ah-thek'-tik) [d^afo/croc, unre - tained]. A term applied by Liebermeister, to that form of icterus caused by pathologic changes in the liver cells through which they become unable to retain their secretion. Acaudal, Acaudate (ah-kaw'-dal, ah-kaw'- dat) [d priv.; cauda, a tail]. Tailless. Acceleration (ak-sel-er-a' -shun) \accelerare, to hasten]. Quickening, as of the rate of the pulse, or of the respiration. Accelerator {ak-sel' -er-a-tor) [L.]. That which accelerates. A. Nerves, nerves passing from the medulla to the heart and conducting stimuli that cause acceleration of the heart's action. A. Urinae, a muscle of the penis the function of which is to expel the last drops in urination, to expel the semen, and to assist erection. The sphincter vagina; is its analogue in the female. Accentuation (ak-sen-ht-a' '-shun) \accentu- are~\. Increased loudness or distinctness. Accessory (ak r -ses-o-re, or ak-ses' '-o-re) [ac- cessorizes] . A term applied to certain glands, muscles, ducts, nerves, arteries, etc., that are auxiliary in function, course, etc., to the principal. Certain small muscles, as the lumbricales, are regarded as accessory to more important muscles. Accidental [ak-se-dent 1 '-at) [accidenta/is]. 1. Due to, or caused by, an accident. 2. Intercurrent ; having no essential connection with other conditions or symptoms. Accipiter (ak-sip'-it-er) [L. , a hawk], A facial bandage with tails radiating like the claws of a hawk. Acclimatation, Acclimation, Acclimatiz- ation [ak-kli-mat-a' -shun, ak-/im-a / -sh//u, ak-kli-mat-iz-a f -shun) \_ad, to; clima, cli- mate]. The process of becoming accus- tomed to the climate, soil, water, etc., of a country to which a plant, animal, person, or a people has removed. Accommodation (ak-om-o-da' ' -shun) \accom- modare, to adjust]. Adaptation or adjust- ment, particularly the adjustment of the eye for different distances. A., Absolute, the ac- commodation of either eye separately. A., Histologic, the occurrence of changes in the morphology and function of cells following changed conditions. A., Negative, the con- dition of the eye at rest. A. of the Eye, that ACCOUCHEMENT ACETAL function of the ciliary muscle and lens whereby objects at different distances are clearly seen. It depends upon the inherent elasticity of the lens, which when the ciliary muscle of an emmetropic eye is at rest, is adapted to the proper focaiization of theoret- ically parallel rays of light. Objects nearer, to be clearly seen, require a greater refracting power on the part of the eye because the rays from such objects are more divergent. This additional refracting power is gained by an increased antero-posterior diameter of the lens, brought about by the contraction of the ciliary muscle, which occasions a loosening of the suspensory ligament and a thicken- ing of the lens by its own elasticity. A. Phosphenes, the peripheral light-streak seen in the dark after the act of accommoda- tion. A., Range of, the distance between the nearest point of distinct vision, and the most distant point. Accouchement {ak-koosh-monig')) [Fr.]. The French term for childbirth. A. Force, rapid and forcible delivery with the hand. Accoucheur {ak-koo-shur') [Fr.]. A male midwife. Accoucheuse {ak-koo-shuirW) [Fr.]. A female midwife. Accretion {ak-re f -shun) \_ad, to ; crescere, to increase]. A term denoting the manner by which crystalline and certain organic forms increase their material substance. Also, the adherence of parts normally separate. Accumulator {ak-u' '-mu- la-tor) [accumu- lare, to heap up]. An apparatus to store electricity. A. C. E. Mixture. An anesthetic mixture composed of alcohol I part, chloroform 2 parts, ether 3 parts. See Anesthetic. Acentric {ah-sen'-trik) [d priv. ; nevrpov, center] . Not eccentric ; not originating in, or pertaining to, a nerve center ; peripheric. Acephalia (ah-sef-a* ' -le-ah) [d priv. ; nztyakr}, head]. The absence of the head. Acephalism {ah-sef '-al-izm) [a priv ; aetycikr}, head]. See Acephalia. Acephalobrachia {ah-sef-al-o-bra' '-ke-ali) [d priv. ; Ketyalq, head ; ftpaxiuv, arm]. Ab- sence of the head and arms. Acephalobrachius {ah-sef-al-o-bra' -ke-us) [a; Kztyakr) ; /3/ja^/wv]. A monster with neither head nor arms. Acephalocardia {ah-sefal-o-kar' -de-ah) [d priv. ; nefyaAr] , head ; mpdia, heart]. Absence of the head and heart. Acephalocardius {ah-sefal-o-kar' '-de-us) [d ; KEcpaA?}; napdia\. A monster with neither head nor heart. Acephalochiria {ah-sef- al-o-ki' '-re-ah) [a priv.; ke^clM), head ; x ei Pi hand]. Absence of the head and hands. Acephalochirus {ah-sef al-o-ki' -rus) [see Acephalochiria\ A monster with neither head nor hands. Acephalocyst {ah-sef -al-o-sist) [d priv. ; Kztyakrj, head ; kvotlq, a bladder]. The blad- der-worm. A headless, sterile hydatid, found in the liver and other organs. A. racemosa, the hydatid mole of the uterus. Acephalogaster {ah-sefal-o-gas'-ter) [d/ce^- a/ldc, headless; yaarrjp, belly]. A monster with neither head nor stomach. Acephalogasteria {ah-sefal-o-gas-te' '-re-ah) . Absence of the head and stomach. See Acephalogaster. Acephalopodia {ah-sefal-o-po' -de-ah) [a priv. ; Keipair], head; irovg, foot]. Absence of the head and feet. Acephalopodius {ah-sef -al-o-po' '-de-us). A monster with neither head nor feet. See Acephalopodia. Acephalorrhachia {ah-sef al-or-a'-ke-ah) [d priv. ; nztyakr}, head ; po.%^, spine] . Absence of the head and vertebral column. Acephalostomia {ah-sefal-o-sto' -me-ah) [d priv. ; KetyaXi] , head ; ardfia, mouth]. Ab- sence of the head, with a mouth-like opening on the superior aspect. Acephalostomus {ah-sef al-os' '-to-mus) [d priv. ; nefyaX?] ; crd^a]. A monster without a head, but with a mouth-like aperture. Acephalous {ah-sef -al-us) [d/ce^aAdc, head- less]. Headless. Acephalus {ah-sef -al-us) [d priv. ; ne '- dra-zin), C 6 H 5 N 2 H 2 C 2 H 3 0. See Pyrodin. Ache (ah) [A. S., acan, to ache]. Any continuous or throbbing pain. Acheilia (ah-ki' '-le-ah) [a priv. ; ^eZAoc, a lip]. The congenital absence of lips. Acheilous (ah-ki' ' -lus) [a priv. ; ^e/^or, a lip]. Without lips. Acheiria (ah-ki* -re-aK) [a priv. ; xelp, a hand]. The congenital absence of hands. Acheirous (ah-ki f -rus) [a priv. ; X s ' P> a hand]. Affected with acheiria. ACHILIA ACID Achilia (ah-ki' '-le-ah) . See Acheilia. Achillea (a/^-z'/V ' -ah)\_Achilles ', its reputed dis- coverer] . Milfoil, Yarrow. The herb A . mille- folium. Its properties are due to a bitter, aro- matic, astringent, tonic extractive, achillein, and a volatile oil. It has long been used as a vulnerary, and has been highly recom- mended for intermittent and low exan- thematous fevers. Dose ^j-Oj, infusion ad lib.; of the extractive, 3J-iij (3.0-12.0) ; of the volatile oil, gtt. v-xv (0.3-I.0). Unof. To the genus Achillea belong various other unofficial medicinal plants, as A. moschata, of the Alps, used in preparing cordials and a diaphoretic medicine, and A. ptarmica, or sneezewort, a strong sialagogue. Achillein (ak-il' '-e-in). An extractive from Achillea miilifolium. Achilles Tendon (ak-iV-ez ten f -don). The tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus mus- cles, inserted into the back of the heel. Achillodynia (ak-il-o-din' -e-ah) \_Achilles ; bd'vvTj, pain]. Pain referred to the insertion of the tendo Achillis. Achlorhydria (a-klor-hi'-dri-a) [d priv. ; X^upoQ, green; vdiop, water]. Absence of free hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice. Achloropsia (ah-klo-rop' '-se-ah) [d priv. ; X?iO)pog, green ; bipig, vision]. Green-blind- ness. Acholia (ah- ko' -le-ah) [d priv. ; x°^V, bile]. Absence of biliary secretion. Achorion (a-ko f -re-on) [dim. of h-x^p, chaff]. A genus of fungous organisms including several species (possibly modified forms of Penicillium glaucum), found in the skin, especially the hair follicles. A. kerato- phagus, the form causing Onychomycosis. A. lebertii, the parasite of Tinea tonsurajis. A. Schonleinii, the species occurring in ringworm, or Tinea favosa. Achroma (ah-kro' '-mah) [d priv. ; jp£>//a, color]. Absence of color. A., Congeni- tal. See Albinism. A. Cutis. See Leu- koderma. Achromatic (ah-kro-mat f -ik) [d priv. ; Xpco/ua, color]. Without color. A. Lens, one the dispersing power of which is exactly neutralized by another lens with the same curvature but having a different refractive index. Achromatin (ah-kro' '-mat-in) [d priv. ; Xpcdiia, color]. The groundwork of the nucleus of a cell ; it is so called because it is not readily stained by coloring agents. Achromatism {ah-kro' '-mat-izm) [d priv. ; Xpco,ua, color]. Absence of chromatic aber- ration. Achromatopsia (ah-kro-mat-op / -se-ah) [d priv. ; xP^! m , color; b-tyiq, eyesight]. Color- blindness ; Daltonism. Achromatosis (ah-kro-mat-o f '-sis) [d priv. ; Xpup-a, color]. Any disease characterized by deficiency of pigmentation in the integu- mentary tissues. Achromia (ah-kro / -me-ah) [d priv. ; ^pty/a, color]. Albinism; achroma. Achromodermia (ah-kro-mo-der' '-me-ah) [d priv.; xp&H a > color; depfia, skin]. An al- binotic, or colorless state of the skin. Achromotrichia (ah-kro-mo-trik' '-e-ah) [d priv.; xP&lJ-ci, color; dpi!-, hair]. Absence of pigment from the hair. Achroodextrin (ah-kro-o-deks / -irin) [d,ypooc s colorless; dexter, right]. A reducing dex- trin formed by the action of the diastatic fer- ment of saliva upon starch. It is a modifica- tion of dextrin and may be precipitated by alcohol ; it is not converted into sugar by ptyalin, nor colored by iodin. Achylia [ah-ki' '-le-ah) [d priv. ; #u/ldc, juice]. Absence of chyle. Achylosis (ah-ki-lo ; -sis). Syn. of Achylia. Achylous {ah-ki' '-his) [d priv.; ^vAdc, juice]. Deficient in chyle. Achymosis (ah-ki-mo' '-sis) [d priv. ; ji^dc, chyme]. Deficient formation of chyme. Acicular (as-ik' '-u-lar) \acus, a needle]. Needle-like. Acid (as / -id) [acere, to be sour]. I. A name applied to any substance having a sour taste. 2. A compound of an electro- negative element with one or more atoms of hydrogen which can be replaced by elec- tro-positive or basic atoms. The majority of acids contain oxygen, and are known as oxyacids ; those not containing oxygen are termed hydrogen acids. Acids vary in their terminations according to the quantity of oxygen or other electro-negative constituent. Those having the maximum of oxygen end in -ic ; those of a lower degree in -ons. When there are more than two combinations the preposition hyper- is prefixed to the high- est, and hypo- to the lowest. Acids that end in -ic, as sulphurzV acid, form salts terminat- ing in -ate; those ending in -ous form salts terminating in -ite. A., Abietic. See Abietic. A., Abric, C 12 H w N 3 0, a crystal- lizable acid, said to exist in jequirity. A., Acetic, an acid solution composed of 36 parts of absolute acetic acid, C 2 H 4 2 , and 64 parts of water. It has strongly acid proper- ties. A., Acetic, Dilute, contains six per cent, of absolute acid. Dose gj-ij (4.0-8.0). An impure form obtained by the destructive distillation of wood is known as wood vine- gar, or pyroligneous acid. A., Acetic, Gla- cial, the absolute acid occurring in crystals melting at 22. 5 C. It is an escharotic. A., Aconitic, C 6 H fi O fi , occurs in different plants, as Aconitum napellus, sugar cane, and beet- roots. It crystallizes in small plates, that ACID ACID dissolve readily in alcohol, ether, and water, and melt at i86°-7°. A., Adipic, C 6 H 10 O 4 , obtained by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. It crystallizes in shining leaflets, or prisms ; is soluble in thirteen parts of cold water ; melts at 148 . It is dibasic. A., Agaric or Agaricic, C 16 H 30 O 5 -j- H. 2 0, a res in ac id obtained from the fungus Polyporus officinalis, growing on larch trees. The acid has been recommended for the checking of night- sweats. It also checks the other excretions and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathartic. Unof. A., Aldepalmitic, C 16 H 30 O 2 , the chief component of the butter of the cow. A., Alloxanic, C 4 H 2 N 2 4 , a crystalline acid, obtained by treating alloxan with alkalies. A., Amido-acetic. See Glycin. A., Amido-benzoic, C 7 H 7 N0 2 , occasionally found in the urine. A., Amido-succina- mic, same as Asparagin. A., Angelic, C 5 H 8 2 , a crystalline monobasic acid. It exists free along with valeric and acetic acids in the roots of Angelica archangelica, and as butyl and amyl esters in Roman oil of cumin. It crystallizes in shining prisms, melts at 45 , and boils at 185 . It has a peculiar smell and taste. A., Anisic, C 8 H 8 3 , obtained by oxidizing anisol and anethol with HN0 3 , and from aniseed by the action of oxidizing substances. A., Anticylic, a white, fragrant powder with pleasant, acid taste, readily soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol ; it is used as an antipyretic. Dose gr. T ^- (.0006). A., Arabic. See Arabin. A., Aromatic, a name applied to certain organic acids occur- ring in the balsams, resins, and other odori- ferous principles. Also, in pharmacy, a dilute mineral acid reinforced by aromatic .substances in order to modify its flavor. A., Arsenic, and Arsenous. See Arsenic. A., Aspartic, C 4 H 7 N0 4 , occurs in the vinasse obtained from the beet root, and is procured from albuminous bodies in various reactions. It is prepared by boiling asparagin with alkalies and acids, crystallizes in rhombic dibasic prisms, or leaflets, and dissolves with difficulty in water. A., Auric, Au(OH) 3 , gold trihydroxid. A., Benzoic, C 7 H 6 2 , occurs free in some resins, chiefly in gum benzoin, and in coal tar. It crystallizes in white, shining needles, or leaflets, melts at 120 , and distils at 250 . It volatilizes readily, its vapor possessing a peculiar odor. A., Boracic, or Boric. See Boron. A., Butyric, C 4 H 8 2 , an acid having a viscid appearance and rancid smell. It is obtained commercially by the fermentation of a mixture of sugar and butter or cheese in the presence of an alkaline carbonate, but occurs in various plants, in cod-liver oil, in the juice of meats, and in the perspiration. Combined with glycerol as glyceryl butyrate, it is essentially butter. A., Caffeic, C 9 H 8 4 , obtained when the tannin of coffee is boiled with potassium hydroxid. A., Camphoric, C 10 H 16 O 4 , a dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor with HN0 3 ; it crystallizes from hot water in colorless leaflets ; melts at 178 , and decomposes into water and its anhydrid, C 8 H 14 (CO) 2 0. It is used in night-sweats of phthisis. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). A., Capric, C 9 H 19 CO.OH, occurs in small quan- tity, as a glycerid in cow's butter. It crystallizes in fine needles, melting at 30 C, and is very insoluble in boiling water. A., Caproic, C 6 H 12 2 , the sixth in the series of fatty acids ; a clear, mobile oil, colorless, inflammable, and with a very acid and, penetrating taste. A., Caprylic, C 7 H 15 CO.OH, an acid combined with gly- cerol, forming a glycerid existing in various animal fats ; it is liquid at ordinary tem- peratures. A., Carbamic, H 2 N.CO.OH, carbonic acid in which NH 2 replaces OH ; it is not known in the free state ; its ammo- nium salt is contained in commercial ammo- nium carbonate. The esters of carbamic acid are called urethanes. A., Carbazotic. See^4., Picric. A., Carbolic, C 6 H 5 OH, phenol, — the correct designation of this substance — is procured from coal tar by fractional distilla- tion. It has a very peculiar and characteristic odor, a burning taste, is poisonous, and has antiseptic properties. The sp. gr. at o° is 1 .084 ; it crystallizes in colorless rhombic nee- dles that melt at 42. 2°, boiling at 180 , and it is not decomposed upon distillation. At ordi- nary temperatures it dissolves in water with difficulty (1 : 15), but is soluble in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerol, in all proportions. It unites with bases to form salts, known as Carbolates. Upon exposure to light and air it deliquesces and acquires a pinkish color. It is used in the manufacture of many of the artificial coloring matters, e. g., picric acid. It is a powerful antiseptic and germicide. Internally it is useful in vomiting, fermentation in the stomach, and as an intestinal antiseptic ; locally, as a caustic. Dose, internally, gr. J^-ij (0.03- 0.13). A. Carb., Aqua, contains 10 drams of the glycerite to I pint of water. Dose 3 j— ^ss (4.0-16.0). A. Carb., Gargarisma, grs. ij-.^j (0.13-32.0) forfetid sore throat. A. Carb., Glyceritum, contains acid I, glycerol 4 parts. A. Carb., Liquefactum (B. P.). Dose Try-ij (0.06-0.13). A -> Carb., Solu- tions, vary from I to 5 per cent, in water. A. Carb., Suppos. cum Sapone (B. P.), each contains gr. j (0.06) of carbolic acid. A. Carb., Unguent., contains acid 10, ointment 90 parts. A. Carbol., Injectio Hypoderm., 2-5 per cent. , for anthrax and erysipelas. A., Carbonic, C0 2 , carbon ACID ACID dioxid ; an ultimate product of the combustion of carbon compounds ; a colorless, odorless gas, heavier than air, incapable of sustain- ing respiration. A., Carminic, C ]7 H 18 O 10 , a coloring matter found in the buds of certain plants and especially in cochineal, an insect inhabiting different varieties of cactus. It is an amorphous purple-red mass, readily solu- ble in water and alcohol, and yields red salts with the alkalies. A., Cathartic, or Cathar- tinic, an active principle from several species of Cassia. A., Cerotic, C 27 H 54 2 , a fatty acid, existing in beeswax and in Chinese wax. A., Chloracetic [chlorin and acetic~\, an acid, called also monochloracetic acid, produced by the substitution of chlorin for the hydrogen of the radicle in acetic acid. It is sometimes used as a caustic. A., Chloric, HCIO3, an ac ^ known only in its compounds {chlorates) and its aqueous solu- tion. A., Cholalic. See A., Cholic. A., Cholic, C 24 H 42 5 , Cholalic Acid, from gly- cocholic and taurocholic acids ; it crystal- lizes from hot water in small anhydrous prisms, sparingly soluble in water, and melt- ing at 195 . A., Chromic, strictly the compound H 2 Cr0 4 ; it forms salts called chromates. In most books the chromium trioxid, Cr0 3 , is called by this name. It is crystalline solid ; escharotic. A., Chryso- phanic, C 15 H 10 O 4 , Rheinic Acid, exists in the lichen, Parmelia parietina, in senna leaves, and in the rhubarb root. It crystallizes in golden yellow needles or prisms, melting at 162 . See Chrysarobin. A., Cinnamic, C 9 H 8 2 , occurs in Peru and Tolu balsams, in storax, and in some benzoin resins. It has been used in tuberculosis, both internally and externally. Dose TT\j-x (0.06-0.65) hypo- dermatically. A., Citric, C 6 H 8 7 , occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberry, beets, and in various other acid fruits. It crystal- lizes with one molecule of water in large rhombic prisms, that melt at ioo°, are color- less, inodorous, and extremely sharp in taste. It is refrigerant, antiseptic, and diuretic. A., Cresolsulphuric, C 7 H 7 O.S0 2 .OH, ex- ists in the urine in small traces. A., Cresylic. See Cresol. A., Cyanic, CONH, obtained by heating polymeric cyanuric acid. A., Cyanuric. See A., Tricyanic. A., Diacetic, C 4 H 6 3 , an acid present in the urine in certain stages of diabetes and other diseased conditions. A., Fatty, a mono- basic acid formed by the oxidation of a primary alcohol. The fatty acids have a general formula of C n H 2 „0 2 . A., Fluoric, HF, gaseous and soluble in water; a strong escharotic. A., Formic, CH 2 2 , an acid obtained from a fluid emitted by ants when irritated ; it is also found in stinging net- tles, in shoots of the pine, and in various animal secretions. It is prepared by heating oxalic acid and glycerol. It is a colorless, mobile fluid, with a pungent odor, and vesi- cates the skin. A., Gallic, C 7 H 6 5 , occurs free in nutgalls, in tea, and in the fruit of various other plants. It is obtained from ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with dilute acids. It crystallizes in fine, silky needles, containing one molecule of water. It dis- solves slowly in water and readily in alco- hol and ether ; has a faintly acid, astringent taste ; melts near 220 . It is astringent. and disinfectant ; useful in night sweats, diabetes, and chronic diarrhea. A. Gallici, Unguent., benzoated lard 90, gallic acid 10. A., Glycocholic, C 26 H 43 N0 61 , a mono- basic acid found in bile ; sparingly soluble in water, and crystallizing in minute needles. A., Glycuronic, C 6 H ]0 O 7 . This acid has been found in urine ; it probably does not exist there normally, but appears after taking certain drugs, as benzol, indol, nitro-benzol, and the quinin derivatives. A., Hippuric, C 9 H 9 N0 3 , Benzoyl Glycocoll, occurs in con- siderable amount in the urine of herbivorous animals, sometimes in that of man. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and dissolves readily in hot water and alcohol. A., Hy- driodic, HI, Acidum Hydriodiatm ; a gase- ous acid. Its solution and a syrup prepared from it, Syrupus acidi hydriodici (U. S. Ph.), are used as alteratives, with the gen- eral effects of iodin. Dose of the syrup, f^j-iv (4.0-16.0). A., Hydrobromic, HBr ; the dilute acid, which is the chief form used, consists of 10 parts acid and 90 parts water. It is a solvent for quinin, is useful in hysteria, congestive headaches, and neuralgia, and is recommended as a substitute for potassium and sodium bromids. Dose n\xx-3ij (1.3-8.0). A., Hydrochloric, Muriatic Acid, HC1, a liquid consisting of 31.9 per cent, by weight of HC1 gas in 68.1 per cent, of water. It is colorless, pungent, and intensely acid. A., Hydrochloric, Dilute, a ten per cent, solution of absolute acid in water. Valuable as an aid to diges- tion. Dose Tujij-x (0.19-0.65). A., Hy- drocyanic, Dilute, HCN, Prussic Acid, a liquid consisting of two per cent, of the acid with 98 per cent, of water and alcohol. It possesses an odor like that of bitter almonds. Prussic acid is found in the bit- ter almond, the leaves of the peach, and in the cherry laurel, from the leaves of which it is distilled. It is one of the most active poisons known, death from complete as- phyxia being almost instantaneous. It is valuable for its sedative effects in vomiting, whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dose TT\j-iij (0.06-0.2). A., Hydrocyanic, Vapor, 1 part of dilute acid in 4-6 parts ACID ACID of water, warmed, and the vapor inhaled to relieve irritable coughs. A., Hydrofluoric, HF, an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric gas, powerfully corrosive, used for etching on glass. A., Hydrosulphuric, H 2 S, a gas formed during the putrefaction of albu- minous substances ; it occurs in sulphur min- eral waters, and is produced by the action of mineral acids on metallic sulphids. It has the odor of rotten eggs. It is also called Hy- drogen Sulphid, Sulphuretted Hydrogen, and Sulphydric Acid. A., Hypochlorous, HC10, an unstable compound, important as a disinfecting and bleaching agent. A., Hypophosphorous, H 3 P0 2 , its salts (hy- pophosphites), also the dilute acid, and a syrup prepared from it, are used as remedial agents. (See Calcii Hypophosphis, Ferri Hypophosphis, Sodii Hypophosphis, Potassii Hypophosphis.) A., Indoxylsulphuric, an acid that, combined with potassium, occurs in the urine asindican. A., Iodic, HI0 3 , a monobasic acid. Its solution (two per cent.) has been recommended as an alter- ative by subcutaneous injection. A., Lactic, HC 3 H 5 3 , a liquid containing 75 per cent, of absolute acid in 25 per cent, of water, produced in the fermentation of milk. It is useful in aiding digestion, in dia- betes, in tuberculosis of the larynx, and as a solvent of false membrane in diphtheria. Dose gss-^ss (2.0-16.0) in the 24 hours. A., Lactic, Dil. (B. P.). 'Dose 3 ss-ij (2.0-8.0). A., Linoleic, C ]6 H 28 2 , occurs as glycerid in drying oils, such as linseed oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. A., Malic, C 4 H G 5 , a bibasic acid, occurring free or in the form of salts in many plant juices, in unripe apples, in grapes, and in mountain- ash berries. It forms deliquescent crystals, that dissolve readily in alcohol, slightly in ether, and melt at ioo° ; it has a pleasant acid taste. A., Malonic, C 3 H 4 4 , occurs in the deposit found in the vacuum pans em- ployed in the beet-sugar manufacture ; it may be obtained by the oxidation of malic acid with chromic acid. A., Meconic, C 7 H 4 7 , a tribasic acid, occurring in opium in union with morphin. It crystallizes with 3H 2 in white laminx. A., Metaphosphoric, HP0 3 , a glassy solid, freely soluble in cold water, and converted by boiling into orthophosphoric acid. It is used as a test for albumin in the urine. A., Muriatic. See A., Hy- drochloric. A., Myronic, C 10 H 19 NS 2 O 10 , an acid that occurs as a potassium salt in the seeds of black mustard. A., Nitric, HN0 3 , a liquid consisting of 68 per cent, absolute acid in 32 per cent, of water. The pure acid is colorless, fuming, and highly caustic. It is used in cauterization of chancres and phagedenic ulcers and as a reagent. A., Nitric, Dilute, contains 10 per cent, absolute acid. It is used internally to aid digestion ; to stimulate the hepatic function, etc. Dose rtyij-xv (0.2-1.0), well diluted. A. Nitro- hydrochloric, A., Nitromuriatic, Aqua Regia, a golden-yellow, fuming mixture of 4 parts of nitric and 15 of hydrochloric acid. It is a solvent of gold, and is valuable in affec- tions of the liver. Dose TT\J— vij (0.06-0.45), very dilute. A., Nitrohydrochloric, Di- lute, consists of 4 parts nitric and 18 hydro- chloric acid, and 78 parts water. Dose tt\v-xx (0.3-1.3), well diluted. A. Oleic, C ]8 H 34 2 , an acid present in many fats and oils. It is a colorless oil, crystallizing on cooling, soluble in alcohol, benzol, and the essential oils ; insoluble in water. It saponi- fies when heated with alkaline bases. It is used in making the oleates. • A., Organic, an acid characterized by the presence of the carboxyl group, CO. OH. A., Orthophos- phoric, H 3 P0 4 , ordinary phosphoric acid, as distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyro- phosphoric acids. A., Osmic, Os0 4 , the oxid of osmium, one of the rarer elements ; it occurs as yellow, acrid, burning crystals, yielding an intensely irritating vapor ; it has been recommended for hypodermatic use in sciatica, strumous glands, and cancer. It is used in histology as a fixing agent and as a stain for fat. A., Oxalic, C 2 H 2 4 , a colorless crystalline solid obtained by treating sawdust with caustic soda and potash. It occurs in many plants chiefly as potassium oxalate ; with two parts of water it crystallizes in fine transparent monoclinic prisms. It is soluble in nine parts of water at moderate temperature and quite easily in alcohol. It has been recommended in amenorrhea. Dose gr. }4~H (0.032-0.048). In large doses it is a violent poison. A., Palmitic, C 16 H 32 2 , an acid existing as a glycerin ether in palm-oil and in most of the solid fats. A., Phosphoric, H 3 P0 4 , Orthophosphoric Acid, contains 5° P er cent, each of acid and water; it is ob- tained from bones or by oxidation of phos- phorus. A., Phosphoric, Dilute, contains 10 per cent, of absolute acid. It is em- ployed in digestive disturbances, in stru- mous diseases, and to dissolve phosphatic deposits. Dose tr^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). A., Phosphorous, H 3 P0 3 , a tribasic oxyacid of phosphorus, containing one atom of oxygen less than phosphoric acid. A., Picric, C 6 H 2 (N0 2 ) 3 OH, Carbazotic Acid, Trinitrophenol, obtained by the nitration of phenol. It crystallizes from hot water and alcohol in yellow leaflets or prisms which possess a very bitter taste. It is readily soluble in hot water, its solution imparting a beautiful yellow color to silk and wool. It ACID ACID-ALBUMIN is recommended as an antiperiodic and an- thelmintic. It is used as a test for albumin and sugar. Dose gr. v— xv (0.32-1.0) per diem. A., Prussic. See A., Hydro- cyanic. A., Pyrogallic, C 6 H 6 3 , pyro- gallol, formed by heating gallic acid with water to 210 . It forms white leaflets or needles, is readily soluble in water, less so in alcohol and ether. It is use- ful in the treatment of certain skin dis- eases, but is poisonous, and must be used with caution. A., Pyroligneous, the crude acid obtained in the destructive distillation of wood. It is a clear liquid of reddish- brown color and strong acid taste, with a peculiar penetrating odor described as em- pyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it contains. It contains from four to seven per cent, of real acetic acid. A., Pyro- phosphoric, the dihydric phosphate, 2H 2 - O.P 2 5 , one of the forms of phosphoric acid. It is poisonous. Its iron salt is used in medicine. The pure acid is a soft, glassy mass. A., Salicylic, C T H 6 3 , Ortho- oxy benzoic Acid, occurs in the buds of Spircea Ulmaria, in the oil of wintergreen, and other varieties of gaultheria. It consists of four-sided prisms and crystallizes readily from hot water in long needles. It is soluble in water and in chloroform, and is antiseptic ; it is used in the treatment of acute articular rheumatism and myalgia. Dose grs. v-xx (0.3-1.3), not exceeding ^j (4.0), daily. A., Sarcolactic, C 3 H 6 3 , occurs in blood and in muscles, to which it gives their acid reaction, especially after the muscles have been in a state of activity. It is also found in urine in phosphorus poisoning. A., Scle- rotinic, an acid found in ergot, of which it is one of the active principles. A., Stearic, C 18 H 36 2 , associated with palmitic and oleic acids as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, the tallows. A., Succinic, C 4 H 6 4 , an acid obtained in the distillation of amber, and also prepared artificially. A., Sulphanilic, C 6 H 4 (NH 2 ).S0 3 H, obtained by heating anilin (1 part) with fuming H 2 S0 4 (2 parts) to 180 until S0 2 appears. It crystallizes in rhombic plates which effloresce in the air. It is used as a reagent. A., Sulphocarbolic, C 6 H 5 HS0 4 , phenyl bisulphate, formed by the union of carbolic and sulphuric acids. Its salts, the sulphocarbolates, are used in med- icine as intestinal antiseptics, etc. A., Sulphuric, H 2 S0 4 , Oil of Vitriol, a heavy, oily, corrosive acid, consisting of not less than 92.5 per cent, sulphuric anhydrid and 7-5 P er cent, of water. It is used as a reagent and as a caustic. A., Sulph., Aromatic, contains 20 per cent, acid, diluted with alco- hol and flavored with cinnamon and ginger. It is used as an astringent in diarrhea and in night-sweats ; also in hemoptysis. Dose rt\v-xv (0.32-1.0). A., Sulph., Dilute, contains 10 per cent, strong acid to 90 of water. It is used as an astringent. Dose Tt\x- xv (0.65-1.0), well diluted. A., Sulphur- ous, H 2 S0 3 , a colorless acid containing about 6.4 per cent, of sulphurous anhydrid in 93.6 per cent, of water. The gas, S0 2 , is a val- uable disinfectant. The acid is used as a spray or lotion in diphtheria, stomatitis, and as a wash for indolent and syphilitic ulcers. The various hyposulphites are mainly valua- ble in that they decompose and give off sulphur dioxid. Dose Tl^v-^j (0.32-4.0). A., Sulphydric. See A., Hydrosulphuric. A., Tannic, C 14 H 10 O 9 , Tannin, an astringent acid obtained from nutgalls, and occurring in yellowish, scaly crystals. It is soluble in water and alcohol. It is an antidote in poisoning by alkaloids and tartar emetic, and is used as an astringent in catarrh of mucous membranes, and externally in many skin diseases. Dose gr. j-xx (0.065-1.3). A., Tann., Glyceritum, one part tannin in four of glycerol. A., Tann., Suppositories, one part of tannin to five of butter of cacao. A., Tann., Troches, each contains y z gr. (0.032) of tannic acid. A., Tann., Unguent, a ten per cent, ointment of the acid incorporated with benzoated lard. A., Tartaric, C 14 H 10 O 9 , an astringent acid widely distributed in the vegetable world, oc- curring principally in the juice of the grape, from which it deposits after fermentation in the form of acid potassium tartrate (argol). It is chiefly employed in refrigerant drinks and in baking "powders ; 20 grains neutralize 27 of potassium dicarbonate, 22 of sodium di- carbonate, and 15^ of ammonium carbonate. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-1.3). A., Tauro- cholic, C 24 H 45 NOS~, occurs in bile; it is very soluble in water and alcohol and crystallizes in fine needles. A., Trichloracetic, HC 2 - C1 3 2 , an acid formed from acetic acid, three atoms of the hydrogen of which are (in the new acid) replaced by chlorin. It is used as a reagent for the detection of albumin in the urine, and as a caustic. A., Uric, C 5 H 4 - N 4 3 , an acid found in the urine of all ani- mals, especially man and the carnivora — rarely in the herbivora — abundantly in the excrement of birds, reptiles, and molluscs. It exists usually in combination with the metals of the alkaline group. It is separated from urine by adding hydrochloric acid and allowing the crystals to settle. A., Valeric, C 5 H 10 O 2 , is formed by oxidizing normal amy! alcohol. It is a mobile liquid with caustic acid taste and the pungent smell of old cheese. Acid- Albumin {as' '-id-al-bu' '-min) . A pro- teid acted upon or dissolved in the stronger acids, and yielding an acid reaction. ACIDIFIABLE ACONITUM Acidifiable {as-id' '-if-i-a-bl) [acidum, acid; fieri, to become]. Capable of becoming an acid, or of becoming sour. Acidification {as-id-ifik-a' '-shun) [acidum, acid ; facere, to make]. Conversion into an acid ; the process of becoming sour. Acidimeter {as-id-im' ' -et-er) [acidum, acid ; /uerpov, a measure]. An instrument for per- forming acidimetry. Acidimetry {as-id-im' '-et-re) [acidum, acid ; /uerpov, a measure]. Determination of the free acid in a solution by an acidimeter, or by chemic reactions. Acidity {as-id f -it-e) [acidum, acid]. The quality of being acid ; sourness ; excess of acid. Acidulated {as-id '-u-la-ted) [acidulare, to make sour]. Somewhat sour or acid. Acidulous [as-id' ' -u-lus) [acidulare, to make sour]. Moderately sour. Acidum {as' '-id-um) [L.]. See Acid. Acinesia {as-in-e' '-ze-ah) [a priv.; Kivrjaig, motion]. Motor paralysis. Acinetic {as-in-et'-ik) [aitivqroc, motionless]. Relating to, or affected with, acinesia. Aciniform {as-in f -iforni) [acinus, a grape]. Grape-like. Acinus {as' '-iti-tts) [acinus, a grape: pi., Acini~\. Anyone of the smallest lobules of a compound gland, as an acinus of the liver. Acme {ak f -me) [aic/ur/, a point] . The highest point of anything. The critical stage of a disease ; the crisis. Acmon {ak f -mon) [anficjv, an anvil]. The incus. Acne {ak f -ne) \fixvrj, a point]. Acne vul- garis ; Varus : a common, usually chronic, inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands, occurring mostly about the face, chest, and back. The lesions may be papu- lar, pustular, or tubercular. It occurs usually between the ages of puberty and twenty- four years, is generally worse in winter, and is associated with menstrual and gastro- intestinal troubles. The individual lesions consist of minute pink, acuminate papules or pimples, in the center of which is a black- topped comedo {A. punctata, A. papulosa). A., Adenoid. See Lupus, Disseminated Follicular. A. adolescentium. Synonym of A. vulgaris. A. albida. Synonym of Milium. A. artificialis, that form that dis- appears when the cause is removed. A. atrophica. Synonym of A. varioliformis. A. cachecticorum, a form occurring in starved or debilitated persons after long wasting diseases, as phthisis. A. ciliaris, acne at the edges of the eyelids. A. dissem- inata. Synonym of A. vulgaris. A. ery- thematosa. Synonym of A. rosacea. A. frontalis. Synonym of A. varioliformis. A. generalis, acne that has become general over the surface of the body. A. hypertro- phica, a stage of A. rosacea in which there is a permanent, intensely red, non-inflammatory, nodulated thickening of the tips and sides of the nose, expanding it, both laterally and longitudinally. A. indurata, a variety of A. vulgaris, characterized by chronic, livid indurations, the result of extensive perifolli- cular infiltration. It is especially seen in strumous subjects. A. keratosa, a rare form of acne in which a horny plug takes the place of the comedo, and by its presence excites inflammation. A. mentagra. See Sycosis. A. necrotica. Synonym of A. varioliformis. A. papulosa. See Acne. A. picealis, Tar Acne ; a form of dermatitis common in fiber-dressers who work with par- affin and in persons otherwise brought in contact with tar or its vapor. It involves chiefly the extensor surfaces of the limbs. A. punctata, a variety of A. vulgaris. A. pustulosa, a variety of A. vulgaris, characterized by abscesses. A. rodens. Synonym of A. varioliformis. A. rosacea. Rosacea ; Telangiectasis faciei ; Nevus araneus ; Brandy Nose; Whisky Nose; Spider Nevus ; Spider Cancer. A chronic, hyperemic, or inflammatory affection of the skin, situated usually upon the face, espe- cially the nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin. A. scrofulosa, a variety of A. cachectico- ritm, occurring in strumous children. A. sebacea. Synonym of Seborrhea. A. sim- plex, a variety of A. vulgaris. A. sycosi- formis. Same as Sycosis non-parasitica. A. tarsi, an inflammatory affection of the large sebaceous glands of the eye-lashes (Meibomian glands). A. varioliformis, a rather rare disease, situated chiefly about the forehead, at the junction with the. hairy scalp, and extending into the hair. The pustules appear in groups. Its etiology is unknown. A. vulgaris. See Acne. Aconite {ak f -on-lt). See Aconitum. Aconitic Acid {ak-on-it' -ik). See Acid. Aconitum {ak-on-V '-turn) [L.]. The root of Aconitum napellus. It possesses a bitter, pungent taste, and produces numbness and persistent tingling in the tongue and lips. It is very poisonous. It depresses the heart, respiration, circulation, and paralyzes the sen- sory nerves. It is antipyretic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The active principle is Aconi- tin. As a diaphoretic and depressant to the circulation, it is highly beneficial in fevers, acute throat affections, and inflammation of the respiratory organs. Dose gr. ss-ij (0.03- 0.13). A., Abstractum, has double the strength of the powdered drug, or its fluid ex- tract. Dose gr. ^(-j (0.016-0.065). A. Extractum. Dose gr. x /e- l A (0.011 0.022). A., Ext. Fid., has a strength of one drop ACOREA ACROMIOCLAVICULAR to the grain of powdered drug. Dose X\,%— ij (0.032-0.13). A., Liniment. (B. P.), aconite root, camphor, and rectified spirit. A., Tinct., contains, aconite 35, alcohol and water, each q. s. to make 100 parts. Dose TTl^-iv (0.032-0.26). The following are unofficial : Aconitina, C3 3 H 43 N0 12 (acon- itum), an amorphous solid. Dose gr.^o - -^0 (0.0003-0.0013). A., Injectio Hypo- dermica, one grain in )4 ounce. Dose Try— iv (0.065-0.26). A. Oleatum, a two per cent, solution of aconite in oleic acid. A., Ung. (B. P.). eight grains to the ounce. Acorea {ah-ko f -re-ah) [a priv.; Koprj, pupil] . Absence of the pupil. Acoria {ah-ko-re' '-ah) [d priv.; nopog, satis- faction]. A greedy or insatiable appetite. Acormus {ah-koi' / -mus) [d priv.; nop/nog, the trunk]. A monster without a trunk or body. Acorus {aW-o-rus) [d priv.; Koprj, the pupil]. See Calamus. Acoumeter, Acouometer (ah-koo'-met-er, ah-koo-om f -et-er) [anoveiv, to hear ; /uerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the acuteness of hearing. Acoustic [ah-koos' '-tik or ak-kowz-tik) \_cikovg- tik.6q~\. Relating to the ear or sense of hear- ing. A. Duct, the external meatus of the ear. A. Nerve, the eighth cranial nerve. A. Tetanus, the rapidity of the induction shocks in a frog's nerve-muscle preparation, as measured by the pitch of a vibrating rod. A. Tubercle, a rounded elevation on either side of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Acoustics {ah-koos' '-tiks or a-kows' '-tiks) \_aKovariKog] . The science of sound. Acquired {ak-wi'-erd) \_acqiuzrere, to ac- quire]. Obtained; especially obtained after birth, not inherited. Acraconitin (ah-kra-con'-it-in). See Pseudo- conitin. Acrania [ah-kra' '-ne-aJi) [d priv.; upavlov, skull]. The condition of a monster with partial or complete absence of the cranium. Acranial ( ah-kra' -ne-al) [d priv.; upaviov, skull]. Without cranium. Acraturesis {ah-krat-u-re' '-sis) [anpareia, lack of strength ; ovprjGLQ, micturition]. Inability to micturate, from atony of the bladder. Acrid {ah' -rid) \_acer, acris, sharp]. Pun- gent, irritating. Acridin [ak' -rid-in) \acer, acrid], C ]3 H 9 N. A substance produced by heating anilin and salicylic aldehyd to 260 with ZnCl 2 . It dissolves in dilute acids with a beautiful green fluorescence, and has a very pungent odor. Acritical ( ah-krit' '-ik-al) [d priv.; kp'lglq, a crisis]. Without a crisis ; not relating to a crisis. Acroaesthesia {ak-ro-es-the'-ze-ah). See Acroesthesia. Acroanesthesia {cik - ro - an - es - the' - ze - ah) [anpov, extremity; avaioOrjoia, want of feel- ing]. Anesthesia of the extremities. Acroasphyxia {ak-ro-as-fiks f -e-ah) [d/cpov, extremity ; d priv.; afiog, the shoulder]. Relating to the acro- mion. Acromio-clavicular [ak-ro' '-me-o-kla-'vik' ' -u- lar) [aapoq , the summit ; wpoc, the shoulder ; clavus, a key]. Relating to the acromion and the clavicle. ACPOMIO-HUMERAL ACUPUNCTURE Acromio-hum eral [ak-ro' '-me-o-hu' '-mer-al) [anpov, the summit ; 6)juog, the shoulder ; hu- merus']. Relating to the acromion and the humerus. A. Muscle, the deltoid. Acromion [ak-ro f -me-on) [anpov, the summit ; o)/j.og, the shoulder] . The triangular-shaped process at the summit of the scapula. Acromio-thoracic ( ak-ro' ' -me-o-tho-ra' '-sik) [acromion; dupat;, thorax]. Relating to the shoulder and thorax. Acromphalus {ak-rom/-fal-ui) [d/cpov, ex- tremity ; bpKpaXoQ, the navel], I. The cen- ter of the umbilicus, to which the cord is at- tached. 2. The first stage of umbilical her- nia, marked by a pouting of the navel. Acronarcotic [ak-ro-nar-kot' -ik) [acer, sharp; vapnovv, to benumb]. Both acrid and narcotic. Acroneurosis [ak-ro-nu-ro' 'sis) [anpov, an extremity ; vevpov, a nerve]. Any neurosis manifesting itself in the extremities. Acronyx [ak'-ro-nix) [anpov, an extremity; bvv!-, a nail]. The ingrowing of the nail. Acroparalysis [ak-ro-par-al' '-is-is) [cwpov, an extreme; napa, by; Iveiv, to loose]. Paralysis of the extremities. Acroparesthesia [ak-ro- par-es-the' '- ze-ah) [anpov, extremity ; Ttapd, around ; aio-dtjoig, sensation]. Abnormal or perverted sensation in the extremities. Acropathology [ak-ro-path-ol' '-o-j'e) [d/cpov, an extremity ; naOog, disease ; Xoyog, treat- ise]. The pathology of the extremities. Acropathy [ak-rop' '-a-the) [anpov, an extrem- ity ; iradog, suffering]. Any disease of the extremities. Acrophobia [ak-ro-fo' '-be-ah) [anpov, a height; 6fiog, fear]. Morbid dread of be- ing at a great height. Acrotarsium [ak-ro-tar f -se-uni) [anpov, the summit ; rapaog, the tarsus]. The instep. Acrotic [ak-rot f -ik) [d priv.; nporog, a striking]. Relating to acrotism. Acrotism [ah* '-krot-izm) [d priv.; uporog, a striking] . Any defective beating of the pulse ; failure of the pulse. Acrylaldehyd [ak-ril-a^ -de-hld) [acer, sharp ; aldehyd], C 3 H + 0. Acrolein, the al- dehyd of the allyl series ; a colorless, mo- bile liquid, of a pungent odor. Actea, or Actaea (ak-te'-aJi) [cikt/j, the elder]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants having active medicinal qualities. A. alba, the white cohosh, has much the same quali- ties as A. spicata. A. cimicifuga is more important. See Cimicifuga. A. racemosa. See Cimicifuga. A. rubra, red cohosh, and A. spicata are purgative and emetic. Actinic [ak-tin' '-ik) [d/cr/c, a ray]. Refer- ring to those rays of the spectrum capable of producing chemic changes ; they occur in the violet and ultra-violet. Actinism [ak' -tin-izm) [dnrig, a ray]. The chemic quality of light. Actinomyces [ak-tin- o-mi'-sez) [d/cr/c, a ray ; fj-i'K7jg, fungus]. A vegetable parasite, the cause of the disease actinomycosis. It is also called the Ray Fiingus. It prob- ably belongs to the Cladothrix group of Schizomycetes. As seen in tissues it presents itself in the form of a rosette of fine fila- ments clubbed at their outer ends ; in the center are numerous coccus-like bodies, the spores of the organism. Actinomycosis {ak-tin- o-mi-co' '-sis) [d/cr/c, a ray; fivicr/g, a fungus]. A parasitic, infectious, inoculable disease first observed in cattle, and also occurring in man, and characterized by the manifestations of chronic inflammation, with or without suppuration, often resulting in the formation of granulation tumors, espe- cially about the jaws. The disease is due to the presence of a parasite, the ray fungus, or actinomyces. The disease is often called lumpy-jaw, holdfast, or wooden tongue. Actinomycotic [ak-tin-o-mi-kof -ik) [d/cr/c, ' ray ; uvuqg, fungus] . Pertaining to or affected with actinomycosis. Action [ak' '-shun) [agere, to do, or perform]. A doing, a working; especially the perform- ance of a function. A., Reflex, an in- voluntary movement of part of the body re- sulting from an impression carried by a sen- sory or afferent nerve to a center, and then sent back by an efferent nerve to the part, usually at or near the source of irritation. Active [ak'-tiv) \_agere, to do or perform]. I. Energetic; decisive; as A. treatment. 2. Due to an intrinsic force as distinguished from passive, as A. hyperemia. Actual [ak'-chu-al) [agere, to do]. Real, effective. A. Cautery. See Cautery. Actuation [ak-chu-a' '-shun) [agere, to do or perform]. The mental function that is ex- ercised between the impulse of volition and its performance. Acuity [ak-u f -it-e) [acuitas ; acuere, to sharpen]. Acuteness or clearness, as acuity of vision. Acumeter (ak-oo'-met-er) [cikoveiv, to hear ; /uerpov, a measure]. An instrument for testing hearing. Acuminate [ak - u f - min - at) [acuminatus, pointed, acute]. Sharp-pointed. Acupressure [ak' ' -u-prcsh- ur)[acus ',a needle ; premere, to press]. An operation to stop hemorrhage by compressing the artery with a needle inserted into the tissues upon either side. Acupuncture [ak' ' -u-punk-chilr) [acus, a needle ; pungere, to prick]. Puncture of the skin or tissue by one or more needles for the relief of pain, the exit of fluid, the coag- ulation of blood in an aneurysm, etc. ACUTE ADENOMALACIA Acute {ak-ut f )\_acutus, shaq:>]. Sharp, sharp- pointed, keen ; of diseases, having a rapid onset, a short course, and pronounced symp- toms and termination. Acuteness {ak-utf -nes) \acutus, sharp]. The quality of being acute. Acutorsion {ak-u-tor f -shun) \_acus, a needle ; torsion\ The twisting of an artery with a needle as a means of controlling hemor- rhage. Acyesis (ah-si-e'-sis) [a priv. ; nvrjoig, preg- nancy]. I. Sterility of the female. 2. The absence of pregnancy. Ad \_ad, to]. A Latin preposition, signifying to, toward, at, etc. Ad deliquium, to faint- ing. Ad libitum, at pleasure, or according to discretion. Adactylism {ah-dak' '-til-izm) [a priv. ; ddnrvAog, a finger]. The absence of the digits. Adactylous {ah-dak' '-til-us) [d priv.; 66.K- rv?iog, finger]. Without fingers or toes. Adam's Apple (ad'-amz ap f -pl). See Po- mnm Ad ami. Adansonia digitata (ad-an-so'-ne-ah dij-it- a / -tah). The Baobab tree, a native of Africa. The bark is used in the form of an infusion, f i ] to Oj, as a remedy for inter- mittent fever. Unof. Addison's Disease. Melasma suprarenale, dermatomelasma suprarenale, or cutis serea (" bronzed skin "), a disease of the supra- renal capsules, first described by Addison, and characterized by tuberculous infiltration of the capsules, discoloration of the skin, progressive anemia, and asthenia, ending in death from exhaustion. Bronzed skin can occur without disease of the suprarenal cap- sules, and the latter have been the seat of morbid processes without an accompanying change in the skin. See Diseases, Table of. A. Keloid. See Diseases, Table of. Adducens (ad-du'-senz) \_adducere, to bring toward]. An adductor, a term applied to certain muscles. A. Oculi, the internal rectus muscle of the eye. Adducent [ad-du' -sent) \adducere, to bring toward]. Performing adduction. Adduction {ad-duk' '-shim) \adducere, to bring toward]. Any movement whereby a part is brought toward another or toward the median line of the body. Adductor {ad-dnk' -tor) \ addticere , to bring toward] . Any muscle effecting adduction. Adelomorphous (ad-el-o-mor' -fois) \h6i]\oc, not evident; juopfr/, form]. Not clearly de- fined ; not having a determinate form (a term applied to certain cells in the gastric glands). Adenia {ad-e / -ne-ah) [_d(h'/v, gland]. A hyper- plasia of the tissue of lymphatic glands lead- ing to the formation of tumors. A., Leu- kemic, adenia associated with a leukemic 3 condition of the blood. A., Simple, a syno nym of Hodgkin 's Disease. Adeniform (a d- en' -e form) \adi]v, gland ; forma, resemblance]. Of the shape of a gland ; gland-like. Adenin (ad r -en-in) [adrjv, a gland — first dis- covered in the pancreas], C 5 H 5 N-. The simplest member of the uric acid group of leukomains, apparently formed by polymeri- zation of hydrocyanic acid. It occurs, with other bases, as a decomposition product of nuclein, and may be obtained from all ani- mal and vegetable tissues rich in nucleated cells. It crystallizes in leaflets with pearly luster. It exists abundantly in the liver and urine of leukocythemic patients. Adenin is not poisonous. Adenitis {ad-en-i' -tis) \a6r]v, gland ; trig, in- flammation]. Inflammation of a gland. Adeno- [dJ?;v, gland]. A prefix denoting relation to glands. Adenocarcinoma {ad-en-o-kar-sin-o f -mah) \h6rjv, gland; napnivog, a cancer]. Adenoma blended with carcinoma. Adenocele (ad'-en-o-sel, or ad-en-o-se / -le) \_adrjv, gland; Krfh], a tumor]. A cystic tumor containing adenomatous elements. Adenocystoma {ad-en-o-sis-to' '-mah) [adrjv, gland; nvcrtg, tumor; oma, tumor]. A cys- tic adenoma. Adenofibroma {ad-en-o-fi-bro' '-mah) \h6rjv, gland; fibra, fiber]. A combination of adenoma and fibroma. Adenography {ad-en-og' '-ra-fe) [aorjv, a gland ; ypatytiv, to write]. A treatise on the glandular system. Adenoid {ad f -en-oid) \hdrjv, gland ; ddog, resemblance]. Resembling a gland. A. Acne. See Lupns, Disseminated Follicular. A. Body, the prostate gland. A. Disease. Synonym of Hodgkhi 1 s Disease. A. Tis- sue. Lymphadenoid tissue. A. Tumor. See Adenoma. A. Vegetations, a term applied to an hypertrophy of the adenoid tissue that normally exists in the naso-phar- ynx. Adenology [ad-en-ol' '-o-je) [adr/v, gland ; Aoyog, a discourse]. The science of the glandular system. Adenoma (ad-eu-o / -mah) \adijv, gland ; oma, tumor]. An epithelial tumor constructed after the type of a secreting gland. A. des- truens, a destructive form of adenoma. A., Malignant, an adenomatous carcinoma. A., Racemose, an adenoma after the type of a racemose gland. A. Simplex, a tumor- like hyperplasia of a gland. A., Tubular, an adenoma after the type of a tubular gland. Adenomalacia [ad- en - o-mal- a f - she - ah) [adrjv, a gland; juaAan'ia, softening], Ab normal softening of a gland. ADENOMYOMA ADONIS AESTIVALIS Adenomyoma {ad-en-o-mi-o' -mah) [a&rjv, a gland; five, a muscle ; oma, tumor]. A tumor composed of glandular and muscular tissues. Adenomyxoma {ad ' - en- o - miks - o'- mah) [adrjv, a gland; (iv^a, mucus; oma, tumor]. A growth having the characters of adenoma and myxoma. Adenopathy {ad-en-op' '-a-the) Sjx&rjv, a gland ; Ttadog, disease]. Any disease of a gland. Adenopharyngitis [ad -en - o -far- in -ji f - tis) [adijv, a gland ; ipapvy^, the throat ; trig, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. Adenophthalmia {ad - en -off- thai'- vie - ah) [adrjv, gland; b(pOd?ijuog, the eye]. Inflam- mation of the Meibomian glands. Adenosarcoma {ad-en-o-sar-ko' '-mah) [adrjv, a gland; crdpf, flesh; oma, a tumor]. A tumor with the characters of adenoma and sarcoma. Adeps {ad'-eps) [L., gen., Adipis~\. Lard. The fat obtained from the abdomen of the hog, composed of 38 per cent, stearin and margarin, and 62 per cent, olein. It forms 70 per cent, of ceratum and 80 of unguentum. A. anserinus, goose grease. A. benzoi- natus, contains two per cent, of benzoin. A. lanse, lanolin. A. lanae hydrosus, hy- drous wool fat, the purified fat of the wool of the sheep. A. ovillus, mutton suet. Adipis, Oleum, a fixed oil expressed from lard. A. preparatus (B. P.), purified fat of the hog. Unguentum Simplex, con- tains white wax, benzoated lard, and almond oil. A. suillus, hog's lard; adeps. Adermia {ah-der' '-me-ah) [d priv. ; depjia, skin]. Absence of the skin. Adhesion {ad-he' -zhuri) [adhcerere, to stick to]. I. The attractive force between two dissimilar bodies that are in contact. 2. Ab- normal union of two surfaces as a result of inflammation, etc. A., Primary, called also Healing by First Intention and by Immediate Union, a method of healing of wounds by the production of lymph, followed by the vascu- larization and cicatrization of the exudate. A., Secondary, or Healing by Second Inten- tion, or by Granulation, is that mode of heal- ing attended by the production of pus and the formation of granulations. A., Plaster. See Emplastrum. Adhesive {ad-he' -siv) \adhcerere, to adhere]. Sticky, tenacious. A. Inflammation, in- flammation accompanied by plastic exuda- tion, and tending to the union of apposed surfaces. A. Plaster. See Resin and Emplastrum. Adiantum {ad-e-an' -turn) [d priv. ; dtavToq, wettable]. A genus of ferns; the maiden- hair. A. capillus Veneris and A. pedatum, of N. America, are serviceable in coughs and as demulcents. Adipic {ad-ip'-ik) \_adeps, lard]. Of or be- longing to fat. A. Acid. See Acid. Adipocere {ad' -ip-o-ser) [adeps, fat ; cera, wax] . A wax-like substance formed by the exposure of fleshy tissue to moisture, with the exclusion of air, i. e., in the earth or un- der water. It consists of the fatty acids in combination with the alkaline earths and ammonium. Human bodies in moist burial places often undergo this change. Adipoma {ad-ip-o' '-mah) \_adeps, fat ; oma, a tumor : pi. , Adipomata~\ . A fatty tumor ; lipoma. Adipose {ad'-ip-os) [adeps, fat]. Fatty. A. Tissue, fatty tissue, which is distributed extensively through the body. It consists of areolar connective tissue, the cells of which contain fat globules. Adiposis {ad-ip-o' -sis) [adeps, fat]. Cor- pulence ; fatty infiltration. A. dolorosa, a disease characterized by the formation of soft nodules throughout the connective tissue of the body, accompanied by neuralgic pains. A. hepatica, fatty degeneration or infiltra- tion of the liver. Adipositas {ad-ip-os' -it-as) [L.]. Fatness ; corpulency. Adiposity {ad-ip-os' -it-e). Fatness ; corpu- lency. Adipsia {ah-dip' - se-ah) [a priv.; dlipa, thirst]. Absence of thirst. Aditus {ad'-it-us) \_ad, to ; ire, to go]. In anatomy, an entrance. A. laryngis, the entrance to the larynx. Adjuster {ad-jus' -ter) [Fr. , adjuster, to ad- just]. 1. He who or that which adjusts. 2. A device formerly used for the forcible re- duction of dislocations. Adjustment, Coarse. The rack and pinion for raising or lowering the tube of a micro- scope a considerable distance. A., Fine, the micrometer screw generally at the top of the column of a microscope for raising or lower- ing the tube slowly through a short distance. Adjuvant {aj'-u-vant) [adjuvare, to assist]. A medicine that assists the action of another to which it is added. Adnexa{ad-nehs' -ah) [ad, to ; nectere, to join]. Adjunct parts, as the adnexa of the uterus. A. bulbi, the appendages of the bulb of the eye. Adolescence {ad-o-les' -ens) [adolescere, to grow] . Youth , or the period between puberty and maturity, usually reckoned as extending in males from about 14 to 25 years, and in females from 12 to 21 years. Adonidin {ad- on' -id -in) [Adonis']. A glu- cosid derived from Adonis vernalis, a plant indigenous in Europe andAsia. It is recom- mended in cardiac dropsy. Dose gr. yi-%. (0.0075-0.015). Unof. Adonis aestivalis {ad-o'-nis es-tiv-a'-lis). A plant much used in Italy as a cardiac tonic ADRENAL AERTERIVERTER Similar properties are possessed by A. ver- nalis. Dose of fid. ext. mj-ij (0.06-0.13). A., Tinctura, dose tt\x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Adrenal (ad-re' -nal) [ad, near to ; ren, the kidney]. I. Adjacent to the kidney. 2. The suprarenal capsule. Adrue (ad-ru'-e). Antiemetic root. The root of Cyperus articulatus ; it is anthel- mintic, aromatic, stomachic. Dose of the fid. ext. gtt. xx-xxx (1.3-2.) Unof. Advancement (ad - vans ' - ment) [Fr. avancer, to advance]. The act of bringing or going forward. Specifically, an operation to remedy strabismus, generally in conjunc- tion with tenotomy, whereby the opposite tendon from the over-acting one, having been cut, is brought forward, so that, growing fast in a more advanced position, it shall -have more power to act upon the globe of the eye. Adventitia (ad-ven-tish'-e-ah) [adventituis , foreign]. The external coat of a blood- vessel. Adynamia (ah-din-a'-me-ak) [a priv. ; 6i>- vajiig, power]. Deficiency or loss of vital or muscular power ; prostration. Adynamic (ah- din- am' -ik) [a priv. ; dvva- fi/.g, power]. Pertaining to or characterized by adynamia. JE-. See E-. /Egophony (e-goff'-o-ne). See Egophony. ./Equator. See Equator. Aer (a'-er) . See Air. Aerated (a'-er-a-ted) [hyp, the atmosphere]. Impregnated or charged with carbon dioxid or air. Aeration (a-er-a' -shun) [hyp, air]. The pro- cess of supplying or charging with air or with some gas, such as carbon dioxid ; the state of being supplied with air or gas. Aerial (a-e'-re-al). Pertaining to the air; conveyed by the air, as A. conduction of sound waves. Aeriform (a- e' -re-form) [hyp, air; forma, form]. Resembling air or gas. Aerobic (a-er-ob'-ih) [hyp, air; (3iog, life]. Requiring oxygen (air) in order to liver' A term applied to those bacteria requiring free oxygen. Those that do not grow in its presence are called anaerobic. Between these extremes there are forms that are able to grow without oxygen under favorable conditions, though they make use of it when present ; others that may grow in its pres- ence, though flourishing best in its absence ; these are called respectively facultative aero- bic or facultative anaerobic, in distinction from those first mentioned, which are called obligatory aerobic or obligatory anaerobic. Aerobiotic (a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik) [hyp, air; (3iurc- nog, pertaining to life] . Thriving only in the presence of air. Aerodynamics (a-er-o-di-nam'-ics) [hyp, air ; Svva/xcg, power]. The branch of phys- ics that deals with gases in motion. Aerography (a-er-og'-ra-fe)[hyp, air; ypatyy, a writing]. The description of the air and its qualities. Aerology (a-er-ol'-o-je) [hyp, air; ?ioyog, treatise]. The science of the air and its qualities. Aerometer (a-er-om'-et-er)[hyp, air; /uerpov, a measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the density of gases. Aerophobia (a-er-o-fo' -be-ah) [hyp, air ; (pofiog, fear]. Dread of a current of air. Aerophone (a' -er-o-fon) [hyp, air ; cpuvy, sound]. An instrument for increasing the amplitude of sound-waves. Aerophore (a'-er-o-for) [hyp, air ; (popelv, to carry]. I. A device for the inflation of the lungs of a still-born child with air. 2. A breathing apparatus to be used by firemen and others, to prevent the inhalation of nox- ious gases. Aeroplethy sinograph (a-er-o-pleth-iz' -mo- graf) [hyp, air ; irlydog, fulness ; ypacpeiv, to write]. An apparatus for registering graph- ically the expired air ; the latter raises a very light and carefully equipoised box placed over water, and this moves a writing-style. Aeroscope (a'-er-o-skop) [hyp, air ; gkottsiv, to observe]. An instrument for estimating the purity of the air. Aeroscopy (a-er-os' -ko-pe)[hyp , air ; gkotteIv, to observe]. The investigation of atmos- pheric conditions. Aerostatics (a-er-o-stat'-iks) [hyp, air ; ara- TiKog, standing]. The branch of physics that treats of the properties of gase!s at rest. Aerotherapeutics, Aerotherapy (a-e-ro- ther-a-pu' -tiks, a-er-o-ther' -a-pe) [hyp, air ; BepaTTSvELv, to heal] . A mode of treating disease by compressed or rarefied air or by other gases. Aerothorax (a-er-o-tho' -raks) [hyp, air ; dupat;, the chest]. See Pneumothorax. Aerotonometer (a-ei'-o-ton-om f -et-er) [hyp, air; rovog, tension; /uerpov, measure]. An instrument for estimating the tension of gases in the blood. Aerourethroscopy (a-er-o-u-re-thros' -hope) [hyp, sax ; ovpydpa, urethra ; gkotteIv, to ex- amine]. Urethroscopy conjoined with infla- tion of the urethra with air. Aerteriversion (a-er-ter-iv-er' -shun) {aijp, air; rypeeiv, to hold; vertere, to turn]. A method of arresting hemorrhage by everting the cut end of an artery, invaginating the vessel in itself, and fixing the parts by a needle. Aerteriverter (a-er-ter-iv-er' -ter) \_dyp, air ; TTjpeeLV, to hold ; vertere, to turn]. An in- strument used in performing aerteriversion. AERUGO AGARIC Erugo [e-ru'-go) [L. , gen. JEruginis\ I. Rust of a metal. 2. Subacetate of copper. E. Ferri, the subcarbonate of iron. E. Plumbi, lead carbonate, or subcarbonate. Esculin [es'-ku-lin). See Esculin. Esculus hippocastanum {es f -ku-lus hip-o- kas-ta'-nuni) [L.]. Horse-chestnut. The fruit of the common "buckeye," or horse- chestnut. It is recommended in hemorrhoids. Dose gr. iij (0.20). Unof. ./Estates (es-ta / -tez) [L.,//.]. Freckles, or sunburn. Esthesio- (es-the / -ze-o). For all com- pounds of this word see Esthesio-. Esthesis {es-the f -sis). See Esthesis. Esthesodic \es-the-sod' '-ik). See Esthesodic. Estival (es'-tiv-al). See Estival. Estivation {es-tiv-a' 'shim). See Estivation. /Etas (e'-tas) [L.]. Age; a period of life. See Age. Ether (e'-ther). See Ether. Ethyl {et¥-il). See Ethyl. Etiology (e-te-ol'-o-je). See Etiology. Afebrile (ah-feb'-ril) [d priv.; febrilis, fever- ish]. Without fever. Affection (af-ek' -shwi) \ctffcere, to affect]. Disease. Affective {af-ek f -tiv) \afficere, to affect]. Exciting emotion. A. Faculties, the emo- tions and propensities — especially those pe- culiar to man. A. Insanity, emotional or impulsive insanity. Afferent {af'-er-ent) \afferens, carrying to]. Carrying toward the center. Of nerves : conveying impulses toward the central nerv- ous system ; sensory, centripetal. Of blood- vessels : those, as the arteries, conveying blood to the tissues. Of lymphatics : those conveying lymph to a lymphatic gland. Afferentia, or Vasa afferentia (va / ' -sah af er-en f -she-all) [L.]. I. The lymphatic ves- sels. 2. Any vessels carrying blood or lymph to an organ. Affiliation (afil-e-a f -shun) \_ad, to ; Jilius, son]. In medical jurisprudence, the act of imputing or affixing the paternity of a child in order to provide for its maintenance. Affinity {af-in / -it-e) \_afHnis, akin to]. Re- lationship. Attraction. A., Chemic, the force, exerted at inappreciable distances, that unites atoms of different substances. A., Elective, the preference of one substance for another. Afflux {of f -lux) [affluci'e, ajfluxus, to flow toward]. The flow of the blood or other liquid to a part. Affusion {af-u r -zhuri) \_affundere, to pour upon] . The pouring of water upon an object, as upon the body in fever, to reduce temper- ature and calm nervous symptoms. African (af'-rik-an) \_Africa~\. Pertaining to Africa. A. Arrow poison. See Stro- phanthus. A. Fever. Synonym of Dengue. A. Gum, gum arabic. A. Lethargy, or Nelavan, a "sleeping sickness" affecting negroes of the West African coast. Increas- ing somnolence is the characteristic symptom. It is very fatal. Death from exhaustion follows in from three to six months. After (af-ter) [A. S., after, back]. I. The anus. The buttocks. 2. Next in succession. A. -Action, the negative variation in an elec- tric current continuing for a short time in a tetanized muscle. A. -Birth, the popular designation of the placenta, cord, and mem- branes. A. -Brain. See Hindbrain and Metencephalon. A. - Cataract, Cataracta Secundaria ; an opacity of the media of the eye after operation for cataract due to opaci- fication of the capsule or to non-absorp- tion of the remains of the lens-substance. A. -Hearing, a condition in which sounds are heard after the wave-motion that pro- duces them has ceased. A. -Images, con- tinued retinal impressions after the stimulus of the light or image has ceased to act. A positive after-image is a simple prolonga- tion of the sensation ; a negative after-image is the appearance of the image in comple- mentary colors. A. -Pains. See Pains. A. -Perception, the perception of a sensa- tion after the stimulus has passed away. A.- Sensation, a sensation lasting longer than the stimulus producing it. A. -Taste, a gustatory sensation produced some time after the stimulus has been removed. Agalactia \ah-gal-ak' '-te-ali) [d priv.; ydla, milk]. Failure of secretion of the milk after childbirth. Agar-agar (a' '-gar- a' '-gar) [Ceylon]. A kind of glue made from certain sea-weeds, such as Gracilaria lichenoides and Gigar- tina speciosa, used in medicine to make sup- positories, and in bacteriologic studies in the preparation of culture media. Agaric {ag-ar f -ik). Touchwood; Spunk; Tinder ; the product of different species of Boletus, a genus of mushrooms. Boletus laricis, Polvporus officinalis — is the white or purging agaric. Agaricin is an impure al- coholic extract, which in doses of 1—3 grains (0.065-0.19) [U. S. Dispensatory] gr. j,-\ (0.005-0.01) [Brunton] is valuable in the night-sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis. Agaric or Agaricinic acid, in doses of gr. Jg— i (0.0038-0.02) is also useful in night- sweats. A., Ext. Dose gr. iij— vj (0.19- 0.39). A.,Tinct. Dose tt\iij-xx (o. 19-I.3). A. chirurgorum, Boletus chirurgorum, Sur- geon's Agaric, a parasitic fungus formerly used for Moxa. Soaked in solution of potassium nitrate it forms spunk. A. mus- carius, Fly Agaric, a poisonous mushroom, contains an alkaloid, Muscarin. Dose of AGARICIN AGRYPNOTIC the alkaloid gr. ^-ij (0.008-0. 13). Mus- carin Nitrate, used hypodermatically. Dose g r - ToT¥ i0.0065-0.048). Agaricin {ag-ar f -is-in) [see Agaric], C 16 H 30 O 5 -f- H 2 0. A white crystalline sub- stance, the active principle of Agaricus albus. It has proved useful in the night sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose gr. 2W0 (0.0032-0.0065). Unof. Agaster (ah-gas> '-ter) [d priv. ; yaorrjp, the stomach]. One without a stomach. Agastric {ah-gas* '-trie) [a priv. ; yaarrjp, the stomach]. Without an intestinal canal, as the tape- worms. Agathin (ag'-ath-iri) \ayadoq, good], C 6 H 4 - (OH).CH.N.N.(CH 3 ).C 6 H 5 . A greenish- white, crystalline substance, obtained by the interaction of salicylic aldehyd and alpha- methyl-phenyl-hydrazin. It is used as an anti- neuralgic in doses of eight grains (0.52) two or three times daily. Its action is cumula- tive. Unof. Agave (a-ga'-ve) [ayavfj, noble]. A large genus of amaryllidaceous plants, natives of North America. A. americana, American Aloe, the leaves of a plant growing in North America. It is diuretic and antisyph- ilitic. Dose of the fid. ext. 3 ss-j (2.0-4.0). The fresh juice is also similarly employed. The fermented juice, called pulque, is a moderately stimulant drink, very popular in Mexico. Unof. Agenesia, Agenesis [ah-jen-e'-se-ah, ah-jen' '-es-is) [d priv.; yeveaig, generation]. Absent development. Agenosomus {ah-jen-o-so' '-mus) [d priv. ; yevvdv, to beget; coipa, body]. A variety of single autositic monsters, of the species Celosoma, in which there is a lateral or me- dian eventration occupying principally the lower portion of the abdomen, while the genital and urinary organs are either absent or very rudimentary. Ageusia {ah-gu'-se-ah) [d priv.; yevaiq, taste]. Abolition of the sense of taste. Agglomerate (ag-lojii'-er-dt) \jxgglomerare , to wind into a ball]. Grouped or clustered. Agglutinant {ag-lu ; -tin-ant) \agghitinare, to paste to]. See Agglutinative. Agglutinate (ag-lu/-tin-dt) \_agglutinare , to paste to]. To glue together; to unite by adhesion. Agglutination {ag-lu-tin-a/ 'shun) \_aggluti- nare, to glue to]. A joining together. Agglutinative {ag-lu' -tin-a-tiv) \_agglutinare, to glue upon or to]. I. Favoring aggluti- nation ; adhesive. 2. Any substance with adhesive properties, fitted to retain the edges of wounds in apposition. Aggregate (ag / -re-gat) [ad, to ; gregare, to collect into a flock]. Grouped into a mass Aglobulia (ah-glo-bu'-le-ah) [d priv. ; globti /us, a globule]. A decrease in the quantity of red blood corpuscles. Aglossia iah-glos' ' -e-ah) [d priv. ; y/.tjcoa, the tongue]. Absence of the tongue. Aglossus (ah-glos'-us) [d priv.; y?Maaa, the tongue]. A person without a tongue. Agmatology {ag-mat-ol' -o-je) \dyp6q, a frac- ture ; 2.6yoq, discourse]. Trie science or study of fractures. Agminate {ag'-min-af) \agmen, a multitude]. Aggregated, clustered. A. Glands. See Gland, Peyers. Agnail (ag'-ndl) [A. S., angna>gl~\. 1. Hangnail. 2. A whitlow. 3. A corn. Agnathia [ag-na'-the-ah) [d priv. ; yvddog, a jaw]. Absence or defective development of the jaws. Agnin {ag'-nin) [agnus, a lamb]. A fatty substance derived from sheep's wool. Agomphious {ah-go?ji / -fe-us)\_a -priv . ; yoptyiog, a tooth]. Without teeth. Agomphosis [ah-goni-fo' 'sis) [dpriv.; jop&iog, a tooth]. I. Absence of the teeth. 2. A loosening of the teeth. Agony (ag'-o-ne) \_ayuvia, a contest or strug- gle]. Violent pain ; extreme anguish ; the death-struggle. Agoraphobia [ag-o-ra-fo f -be-ali) \_ayopd, a market-place, assembly; ©6,/3oc, fear]. A morbid fear of open places or spaces. Agrammatism {ah-gram ; -at-izm) [d priv. ; ypd/u/m, a word]. A phenomenon of aphasia, consisting in the inability to form words gram- matically, or the suppression of certain words of a phrase ; a form of aphasia. Agraphia [ah-gra' -fe-ah) [d priv. ; ypa&eiv, to write]. Inability to express ideas by writ- ing. In some cases not a single letter can be formed [A., Absolute or Literal) ; in others, letters are strung together in a manner re- sembling words, but without meaning [A., Verbal ) . Agraphic {ah-gra' '-fik) [d priv. ; ypaxpeiv, to write]. Affected with agraphia. Agria [ag ; -re-ah) [dypiog, wild]. A pustular eruption ; malignant pustule ; herpes. Agrimony {ag' ' -rim-o-ne) \ayp6q, a field ; (jovoq, alone]. The root of Agrimonia eupa- toria, a mild astringent. Dose of fid. ext. gss-ij (2.0-8.0). Unof. Agriothymia {ag-re-o-thi' '-me-ah) \aypioq, wild ; Ovfioq, mind, will]. Maniacal fury. Agrippa {ah -grip' -ah) [L.]. A person born with the feet foremost. Agromania {ag-ro-ma* -ne-ah) \aypoq, a field ; pavia, madness]. A mania for living in the country. Agrypnia {ah-grip' '-ne-ah) [d priv.; virvoq, sleep]. Loss of sleep, insomnia. Agrypnotic {ah-grip-not' -ik) [d priv.; vttvoq, sleep]. I. Preventing sleep. 2. A medicine that prevents sleep. AGUE AL Ague {a f -gu)\acutus, sharp, acute ; Fr., digu\. Malarial or intermittent fever, characterized by paroxysms, consisting of chill, fever, and sweating, at regularly recurring times, and followed by an interval or intermission the length of which determines the epithets, quotidian, tertian, etc. In some cases there is a double paroxysm, and hence called double quotidian, double tertian, etc. The duration of each paroxysm varies from two to twelve hours. See Malarial Fever. A., Aden. See Dengue. A., Brass-founders', a disease common among brass-founders, characterized by symptoms somewhat resembling an im- perfect attack of intermittent fever, the re- currence of the paroxysms, however, being irregular. The direct cause is generally thought to be the inhalation of the fumes of deflagrating zinc or "spelter." A., Brow, intermittent neuralgia of the brow. A. Cake, chronic enlargement of the spleen in diseases of malarial origin. A., Catenating, ague associated with other diseases. A. Drop. See Fozuler's Solution. A., Dumb, latent ague ; masked ague ; ague without well- marked chill, and with at most only partial or slight periodicity. A., Latent. See A. , Dumb. A., Masked. See A.> Dumb. A. Tree, common Sassafras. A. Weed. i. See Grindelia. 2. The Eupatorium perfo- liatum, or thorough- wort. Ailanthus {a-lan' '-thus) [Malacca, Ailanto, " tree of heaven "]. The bark of A. glan- dulosa, commonly known as Tree of Heaven. Its properties are due to an oleoresin and a volatile oil. It is a nauseant and drastic purgative, and an excellent anthelmintic against tape-worm. A., Ext. Fid. Dose mjc-^j (0.65-4.0). A., Tinct. Dose TTLx-^ij (0.65-8.0) Ailment \aV-ment) [M.E., eyle\. A dis- ease ; sickness ; complaint. Ainhum (in'-hum) [Negro word, meaning to saw~\. A disease of Guinea and Hindostan, peculiar to negroes, in which the little toes are slowly and spontaneously amputated at about the digitoplantar fold. The process is very slow, is unaccompanied by any constitu- tional symptoms, and its cause is unknown. It sometimes attacks the great toe. Air [_ar?p, from aetv, to blow, or breathe]. The atmosphere. Atmospheric air consists of a mixture of 77 parts by weight, or 79.19 by volume, of nitrogen, and 23 parts by weight, or 20.81 by volume, of oxygen, with 3.7 to 6. 2 parts by volume of C0 2 in 10,000 parts. It also contains traces of ammonia, argon, nitrites, and organic matter. By virtue of its oxygen it is able to sustain respiration. 100 cubic inches weigh 30,935 grains. The pressure of the air at sea-level is about 14^ pounds upon the square inch. A., Alkaline, free or volatile ammonia. A., Azotic, nitrogen. A. Bag. See A. Cushion. A. Bath, therapeutic exposure to air which may be heated, condensed, or variously medicated. A. -bed, an air-tight, rubber mattress, in- flated with air, employed in conditions re- quiring long confinement to bed. A.- bladder. See A. -vesicle. A. -cell, an air- sac ; an air-vesicle of the lung. A., Comple- mental, the amount of air that can still be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration. A. Conduction, a method of testing the hear- ing-power by means of a watch held at varying distances from the ear, or by the employment of a number of tuning forks of varying pitch. A. -cure, the therapeutic employment of air. A. -cushion, a cush- ion filled with air, and usually made of soft india-rubber. A., Dephlogisticated, an old name for oxygen. A. -douche, the inflation -of the middle ear through the nose. A. -embolism, the entrance of free air into the blood-vessels during life. A., Expired, that driven from the lungs in expiration. A., Fixed, an old name for carbon dioxid. A., Inspired, that taken into the lungs on inspiration. A., Mephitic, carbon dioxid. A. Passages, the nares, mouth, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes. A. -pump, an apparatus for exhausting or compressing air. A., Reserve or Supplemental, the air that can still be exhaled after an ordinary expira- tion. A., Residual, that remaining in the lungs after the most complete expiration pos- sible. A. -sac. See Air-vesicle. A., Sta- tionary, that remaining in the lungs during normal respiration. A., Supplemental. See A., Reserve. A. -tester, an instrument for testing the purity of the air. A., Tidal, that taken in and given out at each respira- tion. A. -vesicles, the alveoli of the lung, the ultimate division of the air-passages. A., Vital, an old name for Oxygen. Akanthion {a-kan f -the-oii). See Acanthion. Akatamathesia {ah-kat-am-ath-e f -ze-aJi) [a priv. ; KarajiaBijaLQ, understanding]. Inabil- ity to understand. Akinesia, Akinesis [ah-kin-e' -se-ah, ah-kin- e'-sis) [a priv.; k'lvticiq, motion]. Absent or imperfect motion. A. Algera, an affection characterized by abstinence from voluntary movement on account of pain, which any active muscular effort causes. The condition is probably a form of neu rasthenia. Akromegaly (ak-ro-meg'-a-le). See Aero megalia. Al. I. The Arabic definite article, the, pre fixed to many words to designate pre-emi nence, etc., as alkali, alcohol. 2. A chemic suffix denoting similarity to or derivation from an aldehyd, as chloral, butyral, etc. ALA ALBUMINOSE Ala {ct'-Zah) [L. , a wing: pi., Alce\ A wing. A. Auris, the pinna of the ear. A. cinerea, a triangular space of gray matter in the fourth ventricle of the brain, proba- bly giving origin to the pneumogastric nerves. A. majores. I. The greater wings of the sphenoid. 2. The external labia pu- dendi. A. minores. I. The lesser wings of the sphenoid. 2. The labia minora pudendi. A. Nasi, the lateral cartilage of the nose. A. parvae, the lesser wings of the sphenoid. A, Pontis. See Ponticulus. A. Pulmo- num, the lobes of the lung. A. of Sacrum, the flat triangular surface of bone extending outward from the base of the sacrum, sup- porting the psoas magnus muscle. A. Ves- pertilionis, the broad ligament of the uterus. A. Vulvae, the labia of the pudendum. Alalia (aZ-a / -Ze-aa) [a priv. ; 2,a/ud, talk]. Impairment of articulation from paralysis of the muscles of speech or from local laryn- geal disease. Alantin (aZ-an r -tin). Same as Inulin. Alanthol {aZ-an'-thoZ), C 20 H 22 O. Inulol. An aromatic liquid obtained from elecampane ; used like creosote in pulmonary tuberculosis. Alar (a'-Zar) [aZa, wing]. Winglike. A. Ligaments, lateral synovial folds of the lig- ament of the knee-joint. A. Odontoid Ligaments, lateral ligaments of the odon- toid process. Alate (a f -tat) \_aZa, a wing]. Winged. Albedo {al-be'-do) [L., "whiteness"]. Whiteness. A. retinae, retinal edema. A. unguis, the lunula of the nail. Albescent (aZ-bes / -ent) [aZbescere, to become white] . Whitish. Albicans (aZ / '-be-kanz) \aZbicare, to grow white]. White; whitish. Albicantia {aZ-be-kan' 's/ie-ah) [L.]. Plural of AZbicans. Albinism, Albinismus (aZ'-bin-izm, aZ- bin-iz'-mus) [aZbus, white]. CongenitaZ Achroma ; CongenitaZ LenkotZerma. That condition of the skin in which there is a congenital absence of pigment involving its entire surface, including the hair and the choroid coats and irides of the eyes. It is usually associated with nystagmus, photo- phobia, and astigmatism. Albino (aZ-bi'-no) [Sp. ]. A person affected with albinism. Albinotic (aZ-bin-ot'-z/e) [Sp.]. Affected witr albinism. Albolene \aZ> '-bo-Zen) \aZbus, white ; oZetcm, oil]. A hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, odorless, used as an application to inflamed surfaces. Albuginea {aZ-bu-jin* '-e-ali) [aZbus, white]. White, or whitish. A. oculi, the sclerotic coat of the eye. A. ovarii, and testis, the tunica albuginea of the ovary and testicle. Albugineous {aZ-bu-jin'-e-us) \aZbus, white]. Whitish. Albumen {aZ-bu f -nien) [aZbus, white]. The white of an egg. See AZbumin. Albumimeter {aZ-bu-mim' '-et-er) \_aZbumen ; fierpov, measure]. An instrument for the quantitive estimation of albumin in urine. Albumin {aZ-bu'-??^) [aZbus, white]. A proteid substance, the chief constituent of the animal tissues. Its molecule is highly complex. It is soluble in water and coagu- lable by heat. It contains the following elements: Carbon 51.5 to 54.5; hydrogen 6.9 to 7.3; nitrogen 15.2 to 17. o; oxygen 20.9 to 23.5 ; sulphur 0.3 to 2.0. Its ap- proximate formula is C 72 H 112 N 18 22 S. Al- bumen, white of egg, often called albumin, is largely composed of it. Other varieties are called after their sources or characteristic reactions, as acid-albumin, alkali-albumin, muscle-, serum-, ovum-, vegetable-albumin, etc. A., Blood. See Serzim-aZbztmin. A., Caseiform, that variety not coagulated by heat, but precipitated by acids. A., Circu- lating, that found in the fluids of the body. A., Derived, a modification of albumin resulting from the action of certain chemicals upon native albumin. A., Muscle-, a variety found in muscle-juice. A., Native, any albumin occurring normally in the tissues. A., Organic, that forming an inte- gral part of the tissue. A., Serum-. See Serum- aZbumin. A., Vegetable, that found in various vegetable juices. Albuminate [aZ-bu' '-min-at) \aZbzis, white]. A compound of albumin and certain bases, as albuminate of iron. Albuminiferous [aZ-bu-min-if -er-zis) ^aZbu- min ; ferre, to bear]. Yielding albumin. Albuminimeter {aZ-bu-min-im' '-et-er). See Atbzzmimeter. Albuminogenous (aZ-bu - min - of- en - us) [aibzimin ; yevvav, to produce]. Producing albumin. Albuminoid (aZ- bzi'-min-oid) \_aZbnmin ; elSog, form]. -I. Resembling albumin. Applied to certain compounds having many of the characteristics of albumin. 2. Any nitrogenous principle of the class of which normal albumin may be regarded as the type. A. Disease. See AmyZoid Degeneration. Albuminometer (aZ-bu-min-om' '-et-er) . See AZbumimeter. Albuminone [al-bu r -min-on) [aZbumin]. A principle derived from certain albumi- noids; it is soluble in alcohol, and is not coagulable by heat. Albuminorrhea (aZ-bu-min-or-e / -aZi) [aZbu- min ; pola, a flow]. Excessive discharge of albumins. Album inose (aZ-bu f -min-os) [aZbumin']. I. A product of the digestion of fibrin or any ALBUMINOUS ALCOHOLATURE albuminoid in very dilute hydrochloric acid ; acid albumin. 2. Albumose, or one of the products of the digestion of albumin by the gastric juice. Albuminous (al-bu' '-min-us) \albumin~\. Containing, or of the nature of, albumin. Albuminuria [al-bu-min-u' '-re-ak) [albu- min ; ovpov, urine]. The presence in the urine of albumin, usually serum-albumin. Albumin in the urine may result from disease of the kidneys or from the admixture of blood or pus to the urine. Its presence is sometimes not accounted for by either of these causes. See A., Cyclic. A. of Ado- lescence. See A., Cyclic. A. Adventi- tious. See A., Psendo-. A. Cardiac, that due to chronic valvular disease. A. Cyclic, a condition also known as physiologic, simple, functional, or transient albuminuria, or the albuminuria of adolescence, in which a small quantity of albumin appears in the urine, especially of the young, at stated times of the day; hence the term " cyclic' The nature of this phenomenon is not posi- tively known, but it is probably the result of some changes in the renal circulation. A., Dietetic, that due to the ingestion of certain forms of food. A., False, a mix- ture of albumin with the urine during its transit through the urinary passages, where it may be derived from blood, pus, or spe- cial secretions that contain albumin. A., Febrile, that due to fever, or associated with acute infectious diseases, slight changes occurring in the glomeruli without organic lesion. A., Functional. See A., Cyclic. A., Gouty, albumin in the urine of elderly persons, who secrete a rather dense urine containing an excess of urea. A., Intrin- sic. See A., True. A., Mixed, the pres- ence of a true with a pseudo-albuminuria. A., Nephrogenous, that due to renal dis- ease. A., Neurotic, that due to nervous disorders. A., Paroxysmal. See A., Cyclic. A., Physiologic, the presence of albumin in normal urine; without appreci- able coexisting renal lesion or diseased condition of the system. A., Pseudo-, A., Adventitious ; albuminuria dependent upon the presence of such fluids as blood, pus, lymph, spermatic fluid, or the contents of an abscess cavity, in the urine. A., Simple. See A., Cyclic. A., Temporary, that last- ing but for a short time. A., Transient. See A. , Cyclic. A., True, A., Intrinsic; that due to the excretion of a portion of the albuminous constituerrts of the blood with the water and salts of the urine. Albuminuric (al-bu-min-ti' -rik) [albumin ; ovpov, urine]. Associated with, of the nature of, or affected by, albuminuria. Albumose (aV-bu-mos) [albumin~\. Any albuminoid substance ranking among the first products of the splitting up of proteids by enzymes, and intermediate between the food- albumins and the typical peptones. Accord- ing to Kiihne there are at least two albu- moses, antialbumose and Aemialbumose. The latter yields the following : Protalbumose, deuteroalbumose, heteroalbumose, and dysal- bumose. Albumosuria {al-bu-mos-zS -re-aJi) [albu- mose ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of al- bumose in the urine. Alchemy (aV -kem-e') [Arab., of doubtful derivation]. The supposed art of the trans- mutation of metals (into gold) and of finding a remedy for all diseases. Alcohol [al'-ko-hol) [Arab., al-koh' I, the fine powder for staining eyelids]. I. Any com- pound of an organic hydrocarbon radicle with hydroxyl. Alcohols are classed as monacid (monatomic), diacid (diatomic), and triacid (triatomic), according to the number of hydroxyl radicles present in the mole- cules. 2. Ethyl alcohol, C 2 H e O. A liquid obtained by the distillation of fermented grain or starchy substance. It is inflamma- ble, colorless, and possesses a pungent odor and burning taste. Internally, it is a cerebral excitant and cardiac stimulant ; in large doses a depressant, narcotic poison, producing mus- cular incoordination, delirium, and coma. It exists in wine, whisky, brandy, beer, etc., and gives to them their stimulant prop- erties. Commercial alcohol contains 91 per cent, of absolute alcohol, with 9 per cent, of water. It is valuable as a cardiac stimulant in acute failure of the heart's action and in adynamic conditions. A., Benzyl, C 7 H g O, obtained from benzaldehyd by the action of sodium amalgam. A. deodora- tum, deodorized alcohol, containing 92.5 per cent, by weight of ethyl alcohol and 7.5 per cent, of water. A., Dilute, composed of 41 per cent. , by weight, of alcohol. A., Ethyl. See Alcohol. A., Methyl, CH 4 commonly known as "Wood Spirit." A., Phenic. See Acid, Carbolic. A., Primary, A., Secondary, A., Tertiary, an alcohol pro- duced by the replacement of one, two, or three hydrogen atoms in carbinol by alkyls. A., Unsaturated, those derived from the unsaturated alkylens in the same manner as the normal alcohols are obtained from their hydrocarbons. In addition to the general character of alcohols, they are also capable of directly binding two additional affinities. Alcoholate (aV -ko-hol-df) [see Alcohol\ I. A chemic compound, as a salt, into which an alcohol enters as a definite constituent. 2. A preparation made with alcohol. Alcoholature (al'-ko-hol-at-chur) [ Fr. al- coolature~\. An alcoholic tincture. ALCOHOLIC RADICLE ALGESTHESIS Alcoholic Radicle, the name applied to the hydrocarbon radicle that unites with hydrogen and oxygen to form an alcohol. Alcoholica {al-ko- hoi' -ik-ah) [see Alcohol], In pharmacy, alcoholic preparations. Alcoholimeter {al-ko-hol-im' -it-er). See Al- coholometer. Alcoholism {al'-ko-hol-ism) [see Alcohol], The morbid results of excessive or prolonged use of alcoholic liquors. The term acute A. has been used as a synonym for inebriety. The chronic form is associated with severe disturbances of the digestive and nervous systems. Alcoholization {al-ko-hol-iz-a' -shun) [see Alcohol"]. The art or process of alcoholizing ; the state of being alcoholized ; the product of the process of alcoholizing. Alcoholize [al' -ko-hol-iz) [see Alcohol], I. To impregnate with alcohol. 2. To convert into an alcohol. Alcoholometer (al-ho-hol-om'-et-er) [alcohol; /ueTpov,a. measure]. An hydrometer or other instrument used in determining the percent- age of alcohol in any liquid. Alcoholophilia [al-ko-hol-o-fiV -e-aJi) [alco- hol ; (j>i2,eeiv, to love]. The appetite for strong drink ; a craving for intoxicants. Aldehyd (al'-de-hld) [a I, the first syllable of alcohol ; dehyd, from dehydratus] . I . A class of compounds intermediate between al- cohols and acids, derived from their corre- sponding primary alcohols by the oxidation and removal of two atoms of hydrogen, and converted into acids by the addition of an atom of oxygen. They contain the group COH. 2. C 2 H 4 0. Alcohol deprived of two atoms of hydrogen, or acetic aldehyd. It is a colorless, limpid liquid, with a characteristic odor. A., Anisic, C 8 H 8 2 , results on oxidiz- ing various essential oils (anise, fennel, etc.,) with dilute HN0 3 . A., Benzoic, C 7 H 6 0. Benzaldehyd, the oil of bitter almonds. A., Cinnamic, C 9 H 8 0, the chief ingredient of the essential oil of cinnamon and cassia. A., Formic, CH 2 0, Formaldehyd, is said to be microbicidal and antiseptic. See Formal- dehyd. Ale (dl) [A. S. , ealw]. An alcoholic bever- age brewed from malt and hops. It con- tains from three to seven per cent, of al- cohol. Alecithal {ah-les' -ith-al) [a priv.; "kenidog, yolk]. A term applied to certain ova having the food-yolk absent, or present only in very small quantity. Alembic [al-em'-bik) [Arab., al, the ; a/uf3i^, a cup]. A vessel used for distillation. Alembroth [al-em' '-broth) [origin unknown]. An old name for a compound of the chlorid of ammonium and mercury. Its solution has been used as an antiseptic. Aleppo Boil, Button, Evil, Pustule, or Ulcer. See Furuncuhts orientalis . Aletris [al'-et-ris). Star Grass, Unicorn Root, Starwort, Colic Root. The root of A. farinosa. It is tonic, diuretic, and anthel- mintic, and was formerly a popular domestic remedy in colic, dropsy, and chronic rheuma- tism. Dose of fid. ext. TT^x-xxx (0.65-2.0) ; of tincture (i in 8 proof spirit) gi-ij (4.0- 8.0) ; of aletrin, the extractive, gr. %-'w (0.016-0.26). A. Cordial. Dose gj (4.0) three times daily. Unof. Aleukemia {ah-lu-ke' -me-ali) [a priv. ; Xevnoc, white ; al/ua, blood]. Deficiency in the pro- portion of white cells in the blood. Aleurometer {al-u-rovi'-el-er) [alevpov, flour; fierpov, a measure]. An instrument used for the examination of crude gluten as to its power of distending under the influence of heat, as a means of judging of the value of a flour for bread-making. Aleuronat [al-tt' -ro-nat) [a?ievpov, flour]. A vegetable albumin used as a substitute for bread in cases of diabetes. Aleuroscope (al-u'-ro-skofi) [aAevpov, flour; Gnonelv, to view]. See Aleurometer. Alexanderism {al-eks-an' '-der-izm) [Alexan- der, the Macedonian King]. The insanity of conquest. Alexia (al-eks'-e-ah) [a priv.; M%lq, word]. Word-blindness. A form of aphasia, in which the patient is unable to recognize written or printed characters. A., Musical, musical blindness ; loss of the ability to read music. Alexin [al-eks'-in) [aAegig, help]. A defen- sive proteid existing normally in the blood. Alexipharmac, or Alexipharmic (al-eks-e- far' ' -mak, or -mik) [a/,e^eiv, to repel ; (jjdpfj.- anov, a poison]. A medicine neutralizing a poison. Alexipharmacon (a I- eks - e -far' - mak - on) [a?iif eiv, to repel ; (pappanov, a poison] . Any alexipharmac medicine. Alga? {al'-je) [alga, a seaweed]. A group of acotyledonous plants, living mostly in the water. Algaroth {al'-gar-otJi) [It., Algarotli, the Veronese physician] . Oxy chlorid of antimony. Algesia (al-Je'-ze-ah) [aXyrjctg, pain]. Pain; suffering. Algesimeter (al-jes-i?>i'-et-er) [akyrjciq, pain ; fiETpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- termining the acuteness of the sense of pain. A., Boas', an instrument consisting of a pad and spring, used to determine the relative sensitiveness over the epigastrium. The normal tolerance is 9 to 10 kilograms. In cases of gastric ulcer, I to 2 kilograms. Algesthesis, or Algsesthesis {al-jes-the'-sis) [akyoq, pain ; aladr/aic, feeling]. The percep- tion of pain ; painful disease. ALIMENTARY ALIMENTARY S~\ yJkW \Salivaty Gland --Esophagus Lacteals Vermiform Appendix — General Scheme of the Digestive Tract, with the Glands Opening into It ; Together with the Lacteals Arising from the Intestine and Joining the Thoracic Duct. — (Landois.) ALGID ALKALOID Algid {al f -jid) [algidus, cold]. Cold, chilly. A. Fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, with great coldness of the surface of the body. A. Cholera, the cold stage of Asiatic cholera. Algometer ( al-gom' -et-er ) [dAyoc, pain ; juerpov, a measure]. An instrument for test- ing the sensibility of a part to pain. Algor {aV-gor) [L.]. A sense of chilliness or coldness. Alible {aV-i-bl) \_alibilis, nutritive]. Nutri- tive ; absorbable and assimilable. Alienation (al -yen - a f - shuii) [alienus, strange]. Mental derangement. Alienist (al f -yen-ist) [alienus, strange]. One who treats mental diseases. Aliform {al'-if-orm) \_ala, wing; for?na, shape]. Wing-shaped. A. Process, the wing of the sphenoid. Aliment {aV -im-ent) [alimentuni, from ali- mentare, to nourish]. Nourishment, food. Alimentary {al - im - en' - ta - re) \alimentum, from alimentare, to nourish]. Nourishing. A. Bolus, the food after mastication and just prior to swallowing. A. Canal, Duct, Sys- tem, or Tube, the digestive tube, from the lips to the anus, with its accessory glands. Alimentation [al-im-en-ta f -shun) [alimen- tare, to nourish] . The act of supplying with food. A., Rectal, the nourishing of a pa- tient by the administration of small quantities of concentrated food through the rectum. There are many formulae for these nutritive enemata, the most important of which are the following: I. Lenbe 's Pancreatic-meat Emul- sion. — " For rectal alimentation : chop five ounces of finely-scraped meat still finer, add to it one and a half ounces of finely-chopped pancreas, free from fat, and then three ounces of lukewarm water ; stir to the consistence of a thick pulp. Give at one time, care being taken to wash out the rectum with water about an hour before." 2. May 'et' 's Formula. — "Fresh ox- pancreas 150 to 200 grams; lean meat 400 to 500 grams. Bruise the pan- creas in a mortar with water at a temperature of 37 C. , and strain through a cloth. Chop the meat and mix thoroughly with the strained fluid, after separating all the fat and tendinous portions. Add the yolk of one egg, let stand for two hours, and administer at the same temperature, after having cleansed the rec- tum with an injection of oil. This quantity is sufficient for 24 hours' nourishment, and should be administered in two doses." 3. Rennie 's Formula. — " Add to a bowl of good beef-tea one-half pound of lean , raw beefsteak pulled into shreds. At 99 F. add one dram of fresh pepsin and one-half dram of dilute HC1. Place the mixture before the fire and let it remain for four hours, stirring frequently. The heat must not be too great, or the artificial digestive process will be stopped altogether. It is better to have the mixture too cold than too hot. If alcohol is to be given it should be added at the last mo- ment. Eggs may also be added, but should be previously well beaten." 4. Feaslee's Form- ula. — " Crush or grind a pound of beef-mus- cle fine ; then add one pint of cold water ; allow it to macerate 40 minutes, and then gradually raise it to the boiling point ; allow it to boil two minutes — no more — and then strain." 5. Flint's Mixture. — "Milk ^ij, whisky ^ ss, to which add half an egg." Alinasal {al-in-a' ' -sal) \_ala, a wing ; nasus the nose]. Pertaining to the ala nasi, or wing of the nose. Alisphenoid {al-is-fe'-noid) [ala, a wing; Gtyrjv, a wedge ; eidoq, form]. I. Pertaining to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. 2. The bone that in adult life forms the main portion of the greater wing of the sphe- noid. Alkalescence {al-ka-les' '-ens) [Arab., al-qali, soda-ash]. Slight or commencing alkalinity. Alkalescent {al-ka-les' '-ent) [Arab., al-qali, soda-ash]. Somewhat alkaline. Alkali (al'-ka-li) [Arab., al-qali, soda-ash]. The term includes the hydrated oxids of the alkali metals ; these are electro-positive, are strong bases, uniting with acids to form salts, turn red litmus blue, and saponify fats. A., Caustic, the solid hydroxid of potassium or sodium. A., Fixed, potassium or sodium hydrate. A. Metals, sodium, potassium, lithium, cesium, and rubidium. A., Volatile, ammonium hydrate, which is decomposed by heat with the evolution of ammonia. Alkali-albumin {aV -ka-li-al-bid -min). A de- rived albumin; a proteid that has been acted upon by dilute alkalies and yields an alkaline reaction. Alkalimeter ( al-ka-lim' -et-er ) [alkali; fiETpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the alkali in a substance. Alkalimetry {al-ka-lim'-et-re) [alkali; fierpov, a measure]. The measurement of the amount of an alkali in a substance. Alkaline [aV -ka-li7i) [alkali]. Having the qualities of or pertaining to an alkali. A. Earths, the oxids of calcium, barium, stron- tium, and magnesium. Alkalinity (al-ka-lin'-i-te) [alkali]. The quality of being alkaline. Alkalinuria ( al-ka-lin-u' -re-ah) [alkali ; ovpov, urine]. Alkalinity of the urine. Alkalization (al-ka-li-za'-s/wn) [alkali]. The act of rendering a thing alkaline ; the state or quality of being rendered alkaline. Alkaloid (aF-ka-loid) [alkali; eldog, like- ness]. Any one of the nitrogeneous com- pounds occurring in plants and resembling ammonia in being basic and capable of forming salts with acids. They are believed ALKANET ALLOTRIODONTIA to be substituted ammonias. Several of the important alkaloids are related to piperidin and to quinolin. Alkaloids are, as a rule, the most active parts of plants ; many are used in medicine. A., Animal, substances chemically like alka- loids, formed in the decomposition of animal tissues. A., Cadaveric, or Putrefactive. See Ptomains. Alkanet {aV-kan-et) [ Sp. , dim. of alcana, henna]. The root of the herb, Alkanna (Anc/iusa) tinctoria, yielding a red dye that is used in staining wood, coloring adulterated wines, and in pharmacy to give a red color to salves, etc. Alkanna Red. See Alkannin. Alkannin (aV -kan-in) [Sp., dim. of alcana, henna]. Alkanna red; a valuable coloring matter obtained from alkanet. Alkapton [al-kap'-ton) a yellowish, resinous, nitrogenous body occasionally found in urine. Alkaptonuria [al-kap-ton-u' '-re-ah) [alkap- ton; ovpov, urine]. The presence of alkapton in the urine. It has been found in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and in other instances in which there were no local lesions or general disease. Urine containing alkapton turns dark on standing or on the addition of an alkali. Alkarsin {al-kar'-siri) \_alcohol ; arsenic\. Cadet's Fuming Liquid ; an extremely poison- ous liquid containing cacodyl. It is of a brown color, and on exposure to the air ignites spontaneously. Alkyls (aV-kilz) [alkali\ The name ap- plied to the univalent alcohol radicles, C n H 2n + 1 ; methyl, ethyl, etc., are alkyls. Alkyl-sulphids ( al f -kil-sid' -fids ). Thio- ethers. Sulphur analogues of the ethers. They are colorless liquids, generally insoluble in water, and possessing a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Allantiasis [al-an-ti' '-as-is) [dA/ldc, a sausage]. Sausage poisoning, due to the ingestion of sausages in which putrefactive changes have taken place. Allantoic [al-an-to' '-ik) [aXkag, a sausage ; eidog, resemblance]. Pertaining to the al- lantois. Allantoid ( al-an' -toid) [ aXXag, sausage ; elchg, resemblance]. I. Resembling a sau- sage. 2. Relating to the allantois. Allantoin ( y al-an' 'do-in) [hXkaq, a sausage ; euhg, resemblance], C + H 6 N 4 3 . A crys- talline substance occurring in traces in nor- mal urine, and prepared from uric acid by oxidation. Also the characteristic constitu- ent of the allantoic fluid, and likewise found in fetal urine and amniotic fluid. Allantois (al-an f -to-is) [aXkag, a sausage ; euhg, resemblance] . One of the fetal mem- branes, derived from the mesoblastic and hypoblastic layers. Its function is to convey the blood-vessels to the chorion. The lower part finally becomes the bladder, the upper, the urachus. Allantotoxicon {al-andodoks> '-ik-on) [d/Mdc,a sausage ; to^ikov. a poison]. A poisonous substance, probably a ptomain, that develops during the putrefactive fermentation of sau- sage. Allesthesia {al-es-the' 'se-ah) [aTCkog, other ; alcdrjCLQ, feeling]. Same as Allochiria. Alleviator [al-e f -ve-a-tor) [allevare, to lighten]. A device for raising or lifting a sick person from the bed. Alliaceous (al-e-a' '-shus) [allium, garlic]. Resembling garlic, or pertaining to the same. Alliteration [al it-er-a'-shun\ [ad, to ; litera, letter]. A form of dysphrasia in which the patient arranges his words according to the sound. Allium [aV-e-um) [L. ]. Garlic. The bulb of A. sativum. It contains a pungent volatile oil (allyl sulphid), that is found also in the leek and the onion. The tubers are used both as a food and as a condiment, and are stimulants to digestion. A. cepa, the common onion, and A. porrum, the leek, have similar qualities. A., Syr., contains, fresh garlic 20 gm. , sugar 80 gm., dil. acetic acid, a sufficient quantity to make 100 c.c. Dose .^j-.^iv (4.0-16.0). Allocheiria, or Allochiria {al-o-ki' '-re-alt) [aXkog, other ; x £L P> hand]. A peculiar dis- turbance of sensation in which, if one ex- tremity be pricked, the patient locates the sensation in the corresponding part on the other side. Allochesthesia, Allochaesthesia (al-ok-es- the'-ze-ali). Same as Alloc/iiria. Allolalia (al-o-la' de-ah) [dAAoc, other ; "ha^ziv, to speak] . Any perversion of the faculty of speech. Allopathy {al-op'-a-the) [aXkog, other ; ira6og, affection]. According to Hahnemann, the in- ventor of the term, that method of the treat- ment of disease consisting in the use of medi- cines the action of which upon the body in health produces morbid phenomena different from those of the disease treated. Opposed to homeopathy. Allorrhythmia (al-o-rith' '-me-ah) [dMoc, other; pvdjuog, rhythm]. Variation in inter- vals of the pulse. Allotoxin (al-o-toks' '-in) [dX/loc, other; to^l- kov, poison]. Any substance, produced by tissue metamorphosis within the organism, that tends to shield the body by destroying microorganisms or toxins that are inimical to it. Allotriodontia [al-ot-re-o-don' '-she-ah) \hXK6- rpiog, strange ; btiorg, tooth]. I. The trans- planting of teeth from one person to another. ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA ALOERETIN 2. The existence of teeth in abnormal situa- tions, as in tumors. Allotriogeustia {al-ot-re-o-gus' '-te-ah) \aKK6- rpioc, strange ; jevaig, taste]. Perversion of the sense of taste ; abnormality of the appe- tite. Allotriophagy {al-ot-re-off f -a-je) [aKkorpioq, strange ; (j>aytiv, to eat]. Depraved or un- natural appetite. Allotropic {al-o-trop* f -ic) [aXkoq, different ; rpoKog, turn]. Characterized by allotrop- ism. Allotropism (al-ot'-ro-pizm) [aXkoc, other ; rpd-og, turn]. I. The term expresses the fact of certain elements existing in two or more conditions with differences of physical properties. Thus carbon illustrates allotro- pism by existing in the forms of charcoal, plumbago, and the diamond. 2. Appear- ance in an unusual or abnormal form. Alloxan {al-oks' '-an) \_allantoin ; oxalic - ], C 4 H 2 N 2 4 . A crystalline substance pro- duced by the oxidation of uric acid. Alloxantin (al-oks-an> '-tin) [allantoin ; ox- alic^, C 8 H 4 N 4 7 -f- 3^0. A substance ob- tained by reducing alloxan with SnCl 2 , zinc, and HC1, or H 2 S in the cold. It occurs in small, hard, colorless prisms that turn red when treated with ammonia. Alloy [al-oi f ) [from the French word aloi, a contraction of a la loi\ I. A compound of two or more metals by fusion. 2. The least valuable of two or more metals that are fused together. Allspice [awV-spls). See Pimenta, and Florida Allspice. h\\y\{aV-il) [allium, garlick], C 3 H 5 . A uni- valent alcohol-radicle. A. Alcohol, C 3 H 5 - HO, a colorless, inflammable liquid, with pungent odor, boiling at 97 C. A. Alde- hyd, C 3 H 4 0, asyn. of Acrolein. A. Cyanid. See Sinamin. A. Mustard Oil, CS.N.C 3 - H 5 , Allyl thiocarbimid. The principal con- stituent of ordinary mustard oil. A. sulphid, (C 3 H 5 ) 2 S, the essential oil of garlic. A. thiocarbimid. See A. Mustard Oil. A. tribromid, C 3 H 5 Br 3 , a colorless liquid used as an antispasmodic. Dose, five drops (0.15). Unof. Allylamin {al-iV -am-in) [allium, garlick ; ammonia] , NH 2 (C 3 H 5 ). Ammonia in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by allyl. It is a caustic liquid. Almond (am'-zmd) [ME., almonde]. See Amygdala. A. Bread, a variety of bread made from almond flour, for use in diabetes as a substitute for ordinary bread. A. -eyed, applied to the Mongolian race on account of the peculiar elliptical form and slanting position of the eyes. A. of the Ear, the tonsil. A. Mixture. See Amygdalce Mis- tura. A. Oil, oleum amygdalae, the fixed oil obtained from both the sweet and the bitter almond. It is odorless, agreeable to the taste, and of a yellow color; sp. gr. .919 at 15 C. A. Oil, Bitter, oleum amygdalae amarae. See Amygdala. A. Paste, a magma of bitter almonds, alcohol, white of egg, and rose-water, used to soften the skin and pre- vent the hands and lips from chapping. A. of the Throat, the tonsil. Alnus (a/'-nus) [L.]. Alder Bark. The bark of the American Alder. A. serrulata, contains tannic acid. The decoction of bark and leaves is astringent, and used as a gargle and as a lotion for wounds and ulcers. Dose of powdered bark gr. x (0.65). Alochia {ah-lo'-ke-ah) [d priv.; "Xoxici, the lochia] . Absence of the lochia. Aloe (al'-o) [ahorj, the aloe]. The inspis- sated juice of several species of aloe, of which the A. socotrina, A. barbadensis, and A. capensis are most commonly used. Its properties are due to a glucosid, aloin, C 17 H 18 7 . It is a tonic astringent, useful in amenorrhea, chronic constipation, and atonic dyspepsia. It is also an emmenagogue and anthelmintic. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). A. americana. See Agave. A., Decoct., Comp. (B. P.). Dosegr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). A., Enema (B. P.), aloes, carbonate of po- tassium, and mucilage of starch. A. et Asa- fcetidse, Pil., aloes and asafetida aa gr. i 1 /^ (o. 1). A. et Canellae, Pulv., contains powdered bark of Canella alba. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). A. et Ferri, Pil., contains gr. j each of aloes, ferrous sulphate, and aro- matic powder, incorporated with confection of roses. A. et Mastich, Pil., " Lady Webster's" pill, contains aloes gr. ij (0.13), mastich and red rose gr. ss (0.032). A. et Myrrh., Pil., contains each aloes gr. ij (0.13), myrrh gr. j (0.065), aromatic pow- der gr. ss (0.032), mixed with syrup. A. et Myrrh., Tinct., aloes 10, myrrh 10, alcohol 100 parts. Dose ^ ss— ^ ij (2.0-8.0). A., Ext., Aquosum, prepared by mixing aloes I part with 10 parts boiling water, straining and evaporating. Dose gr. ss-v (0.032- 0.32). A., Hepatic, dark liver-colored aloes, mostly Socotrine or Barbadian. A., Pil., aloes and soap aa gr. ij (0.13). A. Purificata, the common drug purified by solution in alcohol and evaporation. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). A. Socotrin., Pil. (B. P.), contains socotrine aloes, hard soap, oil of nutmeg, and confection of roses. Dose gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). A., Tinct., consists of aloes 10, glycyrrhiza 10, dil. alcohol 100 parts. Dose ^ ss— 5 ij (2.0-8.0) A., Vin., has aloes 6, cardamon I, ginger I, white wine 100 parts. Dose .^j-.^iv (4.0-16.0). Aloeretin [al-o-e-re' '-tin) \_aX6r), aloes ; prjT- ivrj, resin]. A brown resin contained in aloes. ALOETIC ALUM Aloetic (al-o-et'-ik) [akorj, the aloe]. Con- taining or pertaining to aloes. Aloetin (al-o-e / -tin). I. Aloeretin. 2. A yel- low crystalline principle obtainable from aloes. Aloin [al'-o-in) [aAor/, the aloe]. A bitter principle found in aloes. It forms fine needles, possesses a very bitter taste, and acts as a strong purgative. Several glucosids of this name are described ; as Barbaloin, Nalaloin, Zanaloin, Socaloin. Dose gr. ss— ij ( 0.032-0. 13). Alopecia {al-o-pe f -she-ah) [aAcoizr]^ , a fox]. Deficiency of hair ; baldness. It may be universal or partial, congenital or acquired. It follows a large number of systemic affec- tions. A. adnata. See A., Congenital. A. areata ; Area celsi ; Tinea decalvans ; Por- rigo decalvans ; Alopecia circumscripta ; that condition in which suddenly or slowly one or several, usually asymmetrically distri- buted, patches of baldness appear upon the hairy regions of the body, more often upon the scalp and parts covered by the beard. A. circumscripta. See A. areata. A., Congenital, a rare form, seldom complete, due to absence of hair-bulbs. A. furfur- acea ; Alopecia pityroides capillitii ; Pity- riasis capitis ; Seborrhcea capillitii ; Pity- riasis simplex ; Dandruff ; a form of bald- ness associated with a disorder of the scalp, marked by hyperemia, itching, and exfolia- tion of dry or fatty scales from its surface. It may be acute or chronic, and produce a dryness, brittleness, and lack of luster in the hair. A. localis ; A. nenritica ; that form occurring in one or more patches at the site of an injury, or in the course of a nerve. A. neuritica. See A. localis. A. neurotica, a name given to baldness of trophoneurotic origin. A. orbicularis. Same as A. circumscripta. A. pityroides capillitii. See A. furfuracea. A. pity- roides universalis, a rapid and general de- nudation of hair occurring in debilitated states, preceded by abundant desquamation of fatty scales. A. senilis, that occurring in old age. A. simplex, the idiopathic premature baldness of young adults. It is most common in males, and is often associated with prema- ture grayness. A. syphilitica, that due to sy- philis. A. universalis, that in which there is a general falling out of the hairs of the body. Aloxanthin [al-oks-an' '-thin), C |5 H 10 O 6 . A yellow substance obtained from barbaloin and socaloin by the action of bichromate of po- tassium. Alpha [al'-fah) [aAcpa, the first letter of the alphabet]. The Greek letters, used in com- bination with many chemic terms to indicate the first of a series, as alpha-naphthol. Alphos (al'-fos) [aXfyoc, vitiligo]. I. An old name for leprosy. 2. Psoriasis. Alphosis (al-fo'-sis) [aAr/, form]. Shapeless condition. Amorphism {ah-mor ; -fism) [a priv. ; /uopi, both ; apuvq, net ; jp^a, color] . A term applied by Nissl to a nerve cell the stainable portion of whose cell body is in the form of a pale network, the nodal points of which are joined by an intensely staining network. Amphiarthrosis ( am-fe-ar-thro' '-sis ) \ajKpi, around ; apdpov, a joint]. A form of mixed articulation in which the surfaces of the bones are connected by broad discs of fibro-cartil- age, or else are covered with fibro-cartilage and connected by external ligaments. It is distinguished by limited flexion in every direction, as, e.g. , between the vertebrae. Amphiaster {a7ii f -fe-as-ter) [afupt, around ; aoTrjp, a star]. The figure formed in indirect cell-division by the achromatin threads and chromatin granules united to form the so- called nuclear spindle, together with the threads of cell-protoplasm radiating from a rounded clear space at each end of the spindle, known as the stars or suns. Amphibia {am -fib' '-e-ah) [d/z^/, both ; /3iog, life]. A class of the Vertebrata, living both in the water and upon the land, as the frog, newt ; etc. Amphibious {am-fib' '-e-us) [afxpt, both ; j3iog, life]. Living both on land and water. Amphiblastic {am-fe-blas ; -tik) [d//0£, on both sides ; /3/laoroc, a germ]. Pertaining to that form of complete segmentation that gives rise to an amphiblastula. Amphiblastula {a??i-fe-blas> '-tu-lah) [a/i^i, on both sides ; dim. of /3/laoroc, a germ]. The mulberry-mass or morula-stage in the develop- ment of a holoblastic egg. It follows the stage known as amphimorula. Amphibolia {am-fe-bo' '-le-ah) [aiKpt^oXia, un- certainty]. The vacillating period of a fever or disease. Amphibolic {am-fe-boV -ik) [d//<^'/3o/loc, un- certain] . Uncertain ; doubtful. Applied to a period in the febrile process occurring be- tween the fastigium and the defervescence, and marked by exacerbations and remissions. Amphicrania {am-fe-kra 1 '-ne-ah) [hfxfyi, both ; upaviov, the skull]. Headache affecting both sides of the head. Amphicreatin {am -fe - kre r - at - in) [afii, around; upeag, flesh], C 9 H 19 N 7 4 . One of the muscle -leukomains. It crystallizes in brilliant oblique prisms of a yellowish-white color, and is faintly basic. Amphicreatinin {am-fe-kre-at* '-in-in) \ap,, to throw up]. Synthetic or constructive meta- bolism. Activity and repair of function ; opposed to katabolism. Anacamptic (an-ak-amp f -tik) [avana/uTrreiv , to bend back]. Reflected, as sound or light ; pertaining to or causing a reflection. Anacardium (an-ak-ar' -de-uni) \_avd, up ; napdia, the heart, from its heart-shaped seeds], I. A genus of tropical trees. A. occidental yields cashew gum and the cashew nut. 2. The oil of the pericarp of the cashew nut, known as cardol, and used as an escharotic. It is said to be of value in leprosy. A., Tinct., 1 to 10 of rectified spirit. Dose, TTLij-x (0.13-0.65). A., Unguentum, one part of the tar to eight of lard or vaselin, used as a blistering ointment. Anaclasis (an-ak' '-las-is) [dvaKkacig, a break- ing off, or back]. I. Reflection or refrac- tion of light or sound. 2. A fracture ; forci- ble flexion of a stiff joint. Anacrotic (an-ak-rot* '-ik) [dvd, upward ; upd- rog, a stroke]. Relating to or characterized by anacrotism. Anacrotism (an-ak' -ro-tizm) \_avd, upward ; uporog, a stroke]. The condition in which there is one or more notches on the ascending limb of the pulse curve. Anacusia (an-ak-oo* ' -se-ah) \dv priv.; Iikovelv, to hear]. Complete deafness. Anadenia (an-ad-e' '-ne-ah) [av priv.; ddi/v, gland]. Insufficiency of glandular function. Anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krof '-ik) [dvd, upward; dig, twice ; Kpdrog, a stroke]. Characterized by anadicrotism. Anadicrotism (an-ah-di' ' -krot-izm) [dvd, up- ward ; dig, twice; updrog, a stroke]. Di- crotism of the pulse-wave occurring in the upward stroke. Anadidymous (an-ad-id' -im-tis) [dvd, up ; didvfiog, a twin]. Cleft upward into two, while single below — said of certain joined twins. Anadidymus (an-ad-id' -im-tis) \_avd, up; dldvfiog, a twin]. An anadidymous monster. Anadipsia (an-ah-dip f -se-ah) [avd, intensive ; diipa, thirst]. Intense thirst. Anaemia (an-e'-me-ah). See Ane7nia. Anaerobia (an-a-er-o' '-be-ah) [dv priv.; dr/p, air; /3/oc, life]. Microorganisms having the power of living without free oxygen. A., Facultative, applied to organisms normally or usually living in the pi-esence of oxygen, but capable of becoming anaerobic. Anaerobic (an-a-e-ro f -bik) [dv priv. ; drip, air; fiiog, life]. Living in the absence of free oxygen or air. See Aerobic. Anaerobiosis (an-a-er-o-bi-o' '-sis) [av priv.; drjp, air; j3loc, life]. Life sustained in the absence of free oxygen ; the power of living where there is no free oxygen. Anaerobiotic, Anaerobious (an-a-er-o-bi-of- ik, an-a-er-o' -be-tis)\dv priv.; d?/, air; (3log, life]. Capable of existing without free oxy- gen. Anaesthesia (an-es-the' -ze-ah). See Anes thesia. Anaesthetic (an-es-thel'-ik). See Anesthetic: ANAGRAPH ANARTHRIA Anagraph {an f -a-graf) [avaypav, the elbow; ay pa, a. seizure]. Arthritic pain at the elbow. Anconal, Anconeal {ang'-kon-al, ang-ko / - ne-al) [dynuv, the elbow]. Pertaining to the elbow. Anconeus {ang-ko-Jie / -us) [dyn&v, the elbow]. See Muscles, Table of. Ancyroid ( an' - sir - oid) [dynvpa, anchor ; eldoq , form] . Shaped like an anchor. Androgalactozemia {an - dro - gal-ak-to-ze r - me-ah) [avijp, man , ydla, milk ; C?/"' a > loss]. The presence of milk in the male mamma. Androgyna {an- drof -in- ah) [div/p, man ; yvvij, woman]. An hermaphrodite ; a female in whom the genital organs are similar to those of the male. Androgyneity {an - droj - in-e r -it - e) \avijp , man; pw/, woman]. Hermaphroditism. ANDROGYNUS ANESTHETIC Androgynus {an-drof '-in-us) [avrjp, man; yvvrj, woman]. An hermaphrodite. A male with genital organs similar to those of the fe- male. Andrology [an-droV -o-je) [avqp, man; Aoyoe, science]. I. The science of man, especially of the male sex. 2. The science of the dis- eases of the male genito-urinary organs. Andromania ( an-dro-ma' '-ne-ah ) [avrjp, a man ; pavia, madness]. Nymphomania. Androphobia (an-dro-fo' -be-ah) [avijp, man ; tyofioc, dread]. Fear or dislike of the male sex. Anelectrode (an-el-ek' -trod) [avd, upward; electrode]. The positive pole of a galvanic battery. Anelectrotonic [an-el-ek-tro-ton'-ik) [av priv.; if/ieKTpov, amber; rovog, tension]. Re- lating to anelectrotonus. Anelectrotonus {an-el-ek-trod -o-mis) [av priv.; TjkzKxpov, electricity; rovog, tension]. The decreased irritability that is present in a nerve in the neighborhood of the anode. Ariel's Probe, or Sound, a fine probe used in operations upon the lacrymal passages. A. Syringe, a syringe used in injecting fluids into the lacrymal passages. Anemia (an-e'-me-ah) [d^priv.; dlpa, blood]. Deficiency of blood as a whole, or deficiency of the number of the red corpuscles, or of the hemoglobin. It may be general or local. Local anemia, or ischemia, is the result of mechanical interference with the circulation of the affected part. General anemia is either idiopathic or symptomatic. A., Cytogenic. Synonym of A. , Idiopathic. A., Essen- tial. Synonym of A., Idiopathic. A., Idiopathic, one in which the lesion is in the blood or the blood-making organs. A. lymphatica. Synonym of Hodgkiri 's Dis- ease. See Lymphadenoma. A., Primary. See A., Idiopathic. A., Secondary, or Symptomatic, that due to a distinct cause, as hemorrhage, cancer, wasting discharges, poisons, etc. Anemic {an-em'-ifc) [av priv.; cu/ua, blood]. Pertaining to anemia. A. Infarct, a wedge- shaped area of coagulation-necrosis occurring in organs possessing terminal arteries. It is the result of the sudden stopping of such an artery by a thrombus or an embolus. A. Murmur, a murmur heard in anemic condi- tions, soft and blowing in character, and disappearing with the anemia. It is gener- ally heard over the base of the heart. A. Necrosis, the coagulation-necrosis of tissues resulting from the sudden stoppage of the supplying artery. Anemometer [an - em - ond-et - er) [avepog, wind; perpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the velocity of the wind. Anemone {an-evd -o-ne) [avejuuvq, wind flower]. A genus of ranunculaceous herbs, most of which have active medicinal and poisonous qualities. See Pulsatilla. Anemonin (an-evd -o-nin) [dvepoyvrj, wind- flower], C 15 H 12 6 . The active principle of the Anemone. It is given in bronchitis, asthma, and spasmodic cough. Dose gr. ^~ %" (0.016-0.048) twice daily. Anencephalia (an-en-sef-a / -le-ah) [av priv.; synetpaAog, brain]. Absence of the brain. Anencephalic (an-en-sef-ad-ik) [av priv.; kyuetyaAog, brain]. Pertaining to or charac- terized by anencephalia. Anencephalus (an-en-sef'-al-us) [av priv.; kynE '-thuni) [avr/dov, anise]. Dill ; the dried fruit of Peucedanum graveolens, indigenous to Southern Europe. It is aro- matic, carminative, and stimulant. A., Aqua (B. P.). Dose 3 j-ij (32.0-64.0). A., Oleum (B. P.). Dose n\, j-iv (0.065- 0.26). Aneuria {ah-nu' '-re-ah) [a priv.; vevpov, a nerve]. Lack of nervous power. Aneuric [ak-nu' '-rife) [a priv.; vevpov, a nerve]. Characterized by aneuria. Aneurysm (an f -u-rizm) \_avevpvoua, a widen- ing]. A circumscribed dilatation of the walls of an artery. The symptoms of aneu- rysm depend upon the location of the aneu- rysmal tumor. Expansile pulsation and a bruit are important ; very significant are the so-called pressure-symptoms, which vary with the organ or part pressed upon. A., Abdo- minal, one of the abdominal aorta. A., Ampullary, a small saccular aneurysm ; it is most common in the arteries of the brain. A. by Anastomosis, a dilatation of a large number of vessels — small arteries, veins, and capillaries — the whole forming a pulsating tumor under the skin. This form of aneurysm is especially seen upon the scalp. A., Ar- terio-venous, the simultaneous rupture of an artery and a vein, the blood from both being poured out into the cellular tissue and forming a false aneurysm. A Varicose Aneu- rysm is produced by the rupture of an aneu- rysm into a vein. An Aneurysmal Varix results from the establishment of a communi- cation between an artery and a vein, the latter becoming dilated and pulsating. A., Berard's, a varicose aneurysm with the sac in the tissues immediately around the vein. A., Cardiac, an aneurysm of the heart. A., Cirsoid, a tortuous lengthening and dilatation of a part of an artery. A., Com- pound, one in which one or several of the coats of the artery are ruptured and the others merely dilated. A., Consecutive, or Diffused, follows rupture of all the arterial coats with infiltration of surrounding tissues with blood. A., Dissecting, one in which the blood forces its way between the coats of an artery. A., Ectatic, an expansion of a portion of an artery due to yielding of all the coats. A., Endogenous, one formed by disease of the vessel walls. A., Exogenous, one due to traumatism. A., False, or Spurious, one due to a rupture of all the coats of an artery, the effused blood being retained by the surrounding tissues. A., Fusiform, a spindle-shaped dilatation of the artery. A., Sacculated, a sac-like dilatation of an artery communicating with the main arterial trunk by an opening that is relatively small. A., Park's, a variety of arterio-venous aneurysm In which the arterial dilatation communicates with two contigu- ous veins. A., Pott's. Same as Aneurys- mal Varix. A., Rodrigues', a varicose aneurysm in which the sac is immediately contiguous to the artery. A., Spurious. See A., False. A., Varicose. See A., Arterio - venous. Aneurysmal (an-u-riz / -mat) \avevpvcjia, a widening]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an aneurysm. A., Varix. See Aneurysm. Angeio- (an f -je-6). See Angio-. Angelica (an-jeF-ik-ah) [L. ]. The seeds and root of Angelica archangelica . It is an aromatic stimulant and emmenagogue. Dose of the seeds or roots, gr. xxx-3 j (2.0-4.0). Angel's Wing (an'-jelz wing) . A deform- ity of the scapula in which it turns forward and then backward, giving the shoulder a peculiar dorsal bulge. Angiectasis {an-je-ek f -tas-is) [ayyelov, a blood-vessel; ektciglq, dilatation]. Abnor- mal dilatation of a vessel. Angiitis, or Angeiitis (an-je-i' '-lis) [ayyelov, a vessel ; itlq, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymph-vessel or a blood-vessel. Angina [aii'-jin-ah or an-ji' '-nah) \_angere, to strangle]. Any disease attended by a sense of choking or suffocation, particularly an affection of the fauces or pharynx presenting such symptoms. A. acuta or simplex, simple sore-throat. A. externa. Synonym of Mumps. A. laryngea. Synonym of ANGINOID ANGIOSPASTIC Laryngitis. A. lingualis. Same as Glos- sitis. A. Ludovici, or A., Ludwig's, acute suppurative inflammation of the con- nective tissue surrounding the submaxillary glands. A. membranacea. Synonym of Diphtheria. A. parotidea, the mumps, or Parotitis. A. pectoris, a paroxysmal neurosis with intense pain and oppression about the heart. It usually occurs in the male after forty years of age, and is generally associated with diseased conditions of the heart and aorta. There is a sense of im- pending death, and frequently there is a fatal termination. A. pectoris vasomo- toria, a term given by Nothnagel and Landois to an angina associated with vasomotor dis- turbances, coldness of the surface, etc. A., Pseudo-, a neurosis occurring in anemic females, characterized by a less grave set of symptoms and never resulting fatally. A. simplex. See A. acuta. A. tonsillaris, Quinsy. A. trachealis, Croup. A. ul- cero-membranus. See Tonsillitis , Herpetic . Anginoid {an' '-jin-oid) [angere, to strangle]. Resembling angina. Anginose (an-jin' '-ose) [angere, to strangle]. Pertaining to angina; characterized by symp- toms of suffocation. Angiocholitis (an-je-o-ko-W '-tis) [ayyelov, a vessel ; koAt), bile ; trig, inflammation]. In- flammation of the biliary ducts. Angioderma pigmentosum (an-je-o-der'- mah pig-men-to' '-sum). See Atrophoderi7ia. Angiogenesis, Angiogeny {an-je-o-jen'-es- is, an-/e-og / -en-e) [dyyelov, a vessel ; yevvav, to produce] . The development of the vessels. Angioglioma (an-je-o gli-o' '-mah) [ayyelov, a vessel ; glioma~\. A glioma rich in blood- vessels. Angiograph [an' ' -je-o-graf) [dyyelov, a vessel ; ypd(ps iv, to write]. A variety of sphygmograph. Angiography (an-je-og r -ra-fe) [dyyelov, a vessel; ypd^rj, a writing]. A description of the vessels ; angiology. Angiokeratoma (an - je - o - ker - at - o / -?7iah) [ayyelov, a vessel ; nepag, horn : 6/ua, tumor], Lymphangiectasis ; Telangiectatic warts; a very rave disease of the extremities charac- terized by warty-looking growths that de- velop on dilated vessels in persons with chilblains, etc. Dark vascular spots the size of pins' points or pins' heads, develop as an attack of chilblains is subsiding. The disease is peculiar to childhood. Angioleucitis (an-je-o-lu-si' '-tis) [ayyelov, a vessel; Aeviwg, white; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. Angiolithic {an-je-o-litk 1 '-ik) [dyyelov, a ves- sel ; Ai8og,a. stone]. A term applied to neo- plasms in which crystalline or mineral de- posits take place, with hyaline degeneration of the coats of the vessels. Angiology (an-je-ol'-o-je) [ayyelov, a vessel ; Aoyog, science]. The science of the blood- vessels and lymphatics. Angiolymphitis (an-je-o- limf-i' -tis). Same as Angioleucitis. Angiolymphoma (an-je-o-limf-o / -mah) [ay- yelov, a vessel ; lympha, lymph ; 6/ua, tumor]. A tumor formed of lymphatic vessels. Angioma (an-je-o' '-mah) [ayyelov, a vessel ; bjia, a tumor]. A tumor formed of blood- vessels. A., Cavernous, an angioma with communicating blood spaces, like the caver- nous tissue of the penis. A., Telangiectatic, an angioma composed of dilated blood-ves- sels. Angiomalacia(, the. eye]. A difference in the refraction of the two eyes. Anisometropic (an-is-o-met-rop' '-ik) [avicoc, unequal ; juerpov, a measure; o)ip, the eye] Affected with anisometropia. Anisopia (an-is-o / -pe-ah) [avicoc, unequal o)ip, eye]. Inequality of visual power in thv two eyes. Anisosthenic (an-is-o-sthen'-ik) [hviooc, un equal ; aBevog, strength]. Not of equal power ; used of pairs of muscles. Anisotropal, Anisotropic, Anisotropous (an-is-o-trop' -al, an-is-o-trop' '-ik, an-is-ot'- ''22 "24" ANKLE-JOINT ANKLE-JOINT Posterior View of the Ankle-joint — {Sappey.) Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament. 2. Transverse ligament. 3. Posterior fasciculus of the exter- nal lateral ligament. 4, 6. Internal lateral ligament. 5. External calcaneo-astragalar ligament. 7. Middle fasciculus of external lateral ligament. 8. Tubercle on outer side of groove for flexor longus pollicis. 9. Posterior tuberosity of os calcis. 10. Tubercle on inner side of groove for flexor longus pollicis. 11. Groove on astragalus for flexor longus pollicis. 12. Posterior calcaneo-astraga- lar ligament. 13. Point of insertion of tendo Achillis. Tibialis posticus galocalcanean ligament Vertical Section of Ankle-joint. — (Henle.) 2. Flexor longus digitorum. 3. Flexor longus hallucis 6. Peroneus brevis. 7. Os calcis. 8. 4. Astragalus. Peroneus longus. 5. Astra- ANISUM ANODAL ro-pus) [avtaog, unequal ; Tporrog, turning]. Not possessing the same light-refracting properties in all directions ; a term applied to doubly refracting bodies. In biology, varying in irritability in different parts or organs. Anisum (nn'-is-um) [L.]. Anise. The fruit of Anisum pimpinella. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is slightly stimu- lant to the heart action. It is useful chiefly to liquefy bronchial secretions, and is there- fore a favorite ingredient in cough mixtures. Uose gr. x-xx (0.65-1.32). A., Aqua, oil of anise I, water 5 00 parts. Dose in- definite. A., Essentia (B. P.). Dose rr^x- xx (0.65-1.3). A., Oleum, an ingredient in tinct. opii camph. Dose TT\j-v (0.065- 0.32). A., Spiritus, a ten per cent, solution of the oil in alcohol. Dose £J-ij (4.0-8.0). A.nitrogenous [ah-ni-troj* '-en-us) [d priv.; nitrogen']. Non-nitrogenous. Ankle (ang'-kl) [ME., ancle]. The joint between the leg and the foot. It is a gin- glymus joint, with three ligaments, the ante- rior, internal, and external. A-bone, the astragalus. A. Clonus, the succession of a number of rhythmic muscular contractions in the calf of the leg, when the foot is suddenly flexed by a pressure upon the sole. It is a symptom of various diseases of the spinal cord, especially those involving the lateral pyramidal tracts. A. -jerk. See A. Clonus. A. -joint. See Ankle. A. Reflex. See A. Clonus. Ankyloblepharon (ang-kil- o-blef'-ar-ori) [aynvAr/, a thong or loop ; (3M(j)apov , the eyelid]. The adhesion of the ciliary edges of the eyelids. Ankylochilia (ang-kil-r- Jci'-le-ali) [dy/cu/ta?, loop ; ^eZAoc, lipl Adhesion of the lips. Ankylocolpos (ang-kil-o-kol f -pos) [aymikr], a loop ; /c6A7roc, the vagina]. Atresia of the vagina or vulva. Ankyloglossia, Ankyloglossum {ang-kil-o- glos f -e-ah, ang-kil-o-glos' '-sum) \_aynv?,r], a loop; -y'AuGaa, the tongue]. Tongue-tie. Ankylose (ang f -kil-os) [aynbTiq, a loop]. To be. or to become, consolidated or firmly united. Ankylosis (ang-kil-o'-sis) \_aynv?ir/, a loop]. Union of the bones forming an articula- tion, resulting in a stiff joint. A., Ex- tracapsular, that due to rigidity of the parts external to the joint. A., False, or Spurious, is due to the rigidity of surround- ing parts. A., Intracapsular, that due to rigidity of the structures within a joint. A., True, or Bony, when the connecting material is bone. A., Ligamentous, when the medium is fibrous. Ankylostoma, Ankylostomum {ang-kil- os'-to-mah, ang-kil-os' -to-muni) \ay\ih\oq, crooked ; ardjua, a mouth] . A genus of nematoid worms, one species of which, A. duodenale, is found in the human intestine. Ankylostomiasis [ang-kil- os- to -mi' -as -is) [ayiwAog, crooked; oro/ua, a mouth]. A form of pernicious anemia produced by the presence of the parasite Ankylostoma duode- nale in the human intestine. It is especially prevalent among brickmakers and other work- men in Europe. It is called also Doch- miasis, Brickmaicers' Anemia, Tunnel Anemia, Miners' Cachexia, Egyptian Chlor- osis, etc. Male fern and thymol expel the worm. Ankylotia (ang-kil-o' '-she-ah) \_ayiiv7\.r], a noose; owe, ear]. Union of the walls of the meatus auditorius. Annatto (an-at'-o). See Annotto. Annectant (an-ek' '-tant) [ad, to ; nectere, to bind]. Linking or binding together. A. Convolutions. See Convolutioti. Annidalin (an-id'-al-in). I. Dithymol triiodid. A substitute for iodoform and aris- tol. 2. See Aristol. Annotto (an-ot'-o) [native American]. An- natto, arnotto. A coloring matter obtained from the pellicles of the seeds of Bixa orellana. It is used to color plasters, and as an artificial color for butter. Annuens (an'-u-enz) \_annuere,X.o nod]. The rectus capitis anticus minor muscle. Annular (an' -u-lar) \_annulus, a ring]. Ring- like. A. Cartilage, the cricoid cartilage. A. Finger, the ring finger. A. Ligament, the ligament surrounding the wrist and the ankle. A. Muscle of Miiller, the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle. A. Process, or Protuberance, the pons varolii. A. Re- flex (of macula), a ring-like reflection some- times seen with the ophthalmoscope around the macula. Annulus (an'-u-lus) \annulus, a ring]. A ring-shaped or circular opening. A. abdo- minalis, the external or internal abdominal rings. A. abdominis, the inguinal ring. A. ciliaris, the boundary between the iris and choroid. A. fibrosus, the external part of the intervertebral discs. A. membranae tympani, an incomplete bony ring that forms the fetal auditory process of the temporal bone. A. osseus, the tympanic plate. A. ovalis, the rounded or oval margin of the Foramen ovale. A. tracheae, any tracheal ring. A. umbilicus, the umbilical ring. Anococcygeal {a-no-kok-sif '-e-al) [anus, the fundament ; kokkv^, the coccyx]. Per- taining to the anus and the coccyx. A. Lig- ament, a ligament that connects the tip of the coccyx with the external sphincter ani muscle. Anodal (an'-o-dal) [avd, up ; 6iv, the arm]. The forearm ; antebrachium. Anticardium Lan-te-kar' '-de-um) [avri, cvel ANTICHIROTONUS ANTIMONIC against ; napdia, the heart] . The scrobiculus cordis, or pit of the stomach ; the infraster- nal depression. Antichirotonus (an-te-ki-rof '-o-nus) [avrl, against, x £l Pi hand ; rovog, tension]. For- cible and steady inflection of the thumb, seen at times in or before attacks of epilepsy. Anticholerin (an - te - kol f - er -in) [avri, against ; jo/lcpa, cholera]. A product iso- lated by Klebs from cultures of cholera- bacilli. Immunizing and curative properties have been ascribed to it. Anticipating (an-tis' ' -ip-a-ting) \_anticipare , to take before] . Occurring before the regu- lar or expected time, as an anticipating inter- mittent fever, one in which the paroxysms occur earlier on successive days. Anticlinal {an-te-kli'-nal) [avri, against; kXivslv, to slope]. Sloping in opposite direc- tions. A. Vertebra, in man, the tenth thoracic vertebra, where the thoracic verte- brae begin to assume the characters of the lumbar. Anticnemion (an - tik - ne' - me - on) [avri, against ; Kvrjiiq, leg] . The shin or front of the leg. Anticus (an-ti f -kus) \anticits, that in front]. Anterior, in front of. Anticylic Acid. A white, fragrant powder, with a pleasant taste. It is said to be anti- pyretic. Dose T ^Q grain (0.0006). Unof. Antidinic (an-te-din'-ik) [avri, against; Slvog, a whirl]. Curing or preventing vertigo. Antidotal (an-te-do' '-tal) [avri, against; dolog, given]. Having the nature of an antidote. Antidote (an / -te-dot) [avri, against ; 6ol6g, given]. An agent preventing or counter- acting the action of a poison. A., Arseni- cal, G. Ph., is prepared by dissolving 100 parts of the hydrated sulphate of iron in 250 parts of water, to which 15 parts of burnt magnesia and 250 parts of water are added. A., Chemic, one that changes the chemic nature of the poison so that it be- comes insoluble or harmless. A. , Mechani- cal, one that prevents absorption by holding the poison in mechanical suspension or by coating the stomach. A., Physiologic, one that counteracts the physiologic effects of a poison. A., Universal, a mixture of one part of dissolved iron sulphate in two parts of magnesia water. Antidynamic (an - te - di - nam'-ik) \hvri, against ; (Yvvajiig, force]. Weakening. Antidysenteric (an-te-dis-in-ter* -ik) [avri, against ; dvaevrepla, dysentery]. I. Service- able against dysentery. 2. A remedy for dysentery. Antiemetic (an-te-em-ef '-ik) [avri, against ; e/j.eriit6g, causing vomit]. Preventing emesis ; relieving nausea. Antifebrin (an-te-feb' '-rin) [avri, against; febris, a fever], C 6 H 5 .C 2 H 3 O.NH. The proprietary name of acetanilid or phenyl- acetamid. A white, crystalline powder insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It is antipyretic and analgesic. The drug's official name is ace- tanilidum. Dose gr. v-x (0.3-0.6). Antiferment (an-te-fer* '-ment) [avri, against; fermenttim, leaven]. An agent that pre- vents fermentation. Antifermentative (an - te -fer - men' '-ta-tive) [avri, against ; fermentum, leaven]. Pre- venting fermentation. Antigalactic (an-te-gal-ak' '-tik) [avri, against; yaka, milk]. 1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 2. A drug that lessens the secretion of milk. Antihelix (an-te-he f -lik): See Anthelix. Antihidrotic (an-te-hi-drof '-ik)[avri, against ; I6p6g, sweat]. I. Diminishing the secretion of sweat. 2. An agent lessening the secretion of sweat. Antihydropin (an - te - hi ; - dro- pin) [avri, against ; vSup, water]. A crystalline princi- ple obtainable from the common cockroach, Blatta (Periplaneta) orientalis, and said to be diuretic. Dose gr. x-xx (0.6-I.3). Antikamnia (an - te - kam' - ne - ah) [avri, against ; nd/uvetv, to suffer pain]. A proprie- tary remedy said to be composed of sodium bi- carbonate, acetanilid, and caffein. It is used as an analgesic in doses of gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). Antikol (an f -tik-ol). A proprietary antipy- retic mixture said to contain acetanilid, sodium bicarbonate, and tartaric acid. Antilemic, or Antilcemic, Antiloimic (an- te-le'-mik, or an-te-loi'-mik) \_avri, against ; 2.0Lju6g, the plague]. Efficacious against the plague or other pestilence. Antileptic (an-til-ep'-tik) [avrifo/ipig, a receiv- ing in return]. Revulsive. Antilithic (an-te-lith f -ik) [avri, against ; Xidog, a stone] . I. Efficacious against calcu- lus. 2. An agent preventing the deposit of urinary sediment. Antilcemic. See Antilemic. Antiluetic (an-te-lu-ef '-ik) [aw!, against ; lues, the plague ; syphilis]. Efficacious against syphilis. Antilyssic (an-te-lis'-ik) [avri, against ; kva- aa, rabies]. I. Tending to cure rabies. 2. A remedy for rabies. Antimiasmatic (an-te-mi-as-maf '-ik) [avri, against; jtiiao/ua, exhalation]. Preventive of malaria. Antimonial (an-te-mo' '-ne-al) \_antimonium, antimony]. Containing antimony. Antimonic (a?i-te-mon / ik) \_antimonium, antimony]. A term applied to those com- pounds of antimony that correspond to its higher oxid. ANTIMONIOUS ANTIPYRIN Antimonious {an-te-mo' '-ne-us) [antimon- turn, antimony]. A term denoting those compounds of antimony that correspond to its lower oxid. Antimony {an' ' -te-mo-ne) \_antimoniuvi\ . Sb = 122 ; quantivalence III and v. A metallic, crystalline element possessing a bluish-white luster. The symbol Sb is derived from the old name, stibium. Antimony is found native, as the sulphid,Sb 2 S 3 ,as the oxid, and is a constitu- ent of many minerals. It is used commercially chiefly for making alloys. Type-metal, Britan- nia-metal, and Babbit's anti-friction metal are alloys of antimony. In medicine antimonium salts are used less frequently than formerly. The salts are cardiac and arterial depressants, diaphoretic and emetic, and in large doses powerful gastro-intestinal irritants, producing symptoms resembling Asiatic cholera. Anti- mony has been used as an antiphlogistic in sthenic inflammation, as a diaphoretic and expectorant, and as an emetic. A. chlorid, SbCl 3 , the " butter" of antimony ; a strong caustic. Unof. A.,Pilulae Compositae,Plum- mer's pills, which contain calomel and sulphur- etted antimony, aa gr. ss (0.032). A. tri- oxid, antimonious acid, Sb 2 3 ; soluble in hydrochloric and tartaric acids. Dose gr. j-ij (0.065-0.13). It is an ingredient of James' powder. A. oxy chlorid, the "powder of algaroth ; " now little used. A. pentoxid, Sb 2 5 , antimonic acid, combines with bases to form antimonates. A. et Potassii tartras (A. tartaratum) (B. P.), 2KSbOC 4 H 4 6 .- H 2 0, tartrate of antimony and potassium, "tartar emetic." Dose gr. -Jg— \ (0.004- 0.016). A., Pulvis, powder of antimony, James' powder, consists of antimonious oxid 33, and calcium phosphate 67 parts, and is diaphoretic ; in large doses, emetic and ca- thartic. Dose gr. iij-viij (0.2-0.5). A. sul- phid, Sb 2 S 3 , black sulphid of antimony. Dose gr. %-] (0.016-0.065). A. sulphur- atum, the sulphid with a small but in- definite amount of the oxid. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). Syr. Scillae Comp., Cox's hive mixture, hive syrup. Each f^j con- tains gr. ^ of tartar emetic. Dose TT\v— f 3 j (0.32-4.0) cautiously. A., Vinum, wine of antimony. Boiling water 60, tartar emetic 4, stronger white wine 1000 parts. It con- tains about 2 grains of tartar emetic to the ounce. Dose tt\v-xv (0.32-1.0). Antimycotic {an-te-mi-kot' '-ik) \_dvri, against; [xvki]q, a fungus]. Destructive to microor- ganisms. Antinarcotic {an-te-nar-kot'-ik) \_dvri, against; vdpKuaig, a benumbing]. Pre- venting narcosis. Antineuralgic {an - te - nit - ral f -jik ) [avrl, against; vevpov, a nerve; aXyog, pain]. Overcoming neuralgia. Antiparasitic {an-te-par-as-it'-ik) [awe, against; irapdorrog, a parasite]. 1. De- stroying parasites. 2. An agent destroying parasites. Antipeptone {an-te-pep' -tori) [avr'i ', against ; ttettteiv, to cook, digest]. A variety of pep- tone not acted upon by trypsin. Antiperiodic {an - te -pe- re - od f - ik) [avrl, against; irEplodog, a going round]. I. Pre- venting periodic attacks of a disease. 2. A remedy against periodic disease. A. Tinc- ture. See Warburg 1 s Tincture. Antiperistalsis {an-te-per-is-taV -sis) \dvri, against ; nspi, around ; ordXcig, compression] Reversed peristalsis. Antiperistaltic {an-te-per-is-taV -tik) \dvri against ; nspl, around ; arakatQ, compres sion] . Relating to antiperistalsis. Antiphlogistic {an - te -flo -JtV- tik ) [dvri against ; (p'Aoyuaig, inflammatory heat] . 1 Counteracting fever. 2. An agent subduing or reducing inflammation or fever. A. Treat- ment, consists in bloodletting, the application of cold, the administration of antipyretics. etc. Antiplastic {an-te-plas' '-tik) [avrl, against ; TzTidaaEiv, to form]. I. Unfavorable to gran- ulation or to the healing process. 2. An agent impoverishing the blood. Antipneumotoxin {an-te-mi-mo-toks' '-in) . See Pneumotoxin. Antipodal Cells {an-tip / -o-a 7 al) [avrl, oppo- site ; irovg, foot]. A term applied to a group of four cells formed in the lower end of the embryo-sac opposite to the cells constituting the egg- apparatus. Antipraxia {an-te-praks' '-e-ah) [avrl, against; irpdcGELv, to do]. Antagonism of functions or of symptoms. Antipruritic {an-te-pru-rit' -ik) [avri, against ; pruritus, itching]. I. Relieving the sensa- tion of itching. 2. A drug that relieves the sensation of itching. Antipsoric {an-te-pso' '-rik) [avrl, against ; tpupa, the itch]. Effective against itching or the itch. Antipyresis {an-te-pi-re' '-sis) [avrl, against ; TrvptGUEiv, to be feverish]. The reduction of fever by means of antipyretics. Antipyretic {an-te-pi-ref '-ik) [dvri, against ; TTvpErog, fever]. 1. Cooling; lowering the temperature. 2. An agent reducing tem- perature. The most important antipyretic agents are cold, diaphoretics, and the newer remedies, many of which are coal-tar pro- ducts, such as antipyrin, acetanilid, phena- cetin, etc. Antipyrin {an-te-pi' '-rin) [dvri, against; nvpETog, fever], C H H 12 N 2 0. Phenazon. The scientific name is dimethyl-oxy-chinicin- phenyl-dimethylpyrazolon, or dehydrodi- methylphenylpyrazin. An alkaloidal pro- ANTIRABIC ANTITHERMIN duct of the destructive distillation of coal-tar. It may be produced by heating acetoacetic ester with methyl-phenyl-hydrazin. It is a grayish or reddish-white crystalline powder, slightly bitter, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, and crystallizes from ether in shining leaflets, melting at II3 . It reduces the temperature, causes sweating, at times vomiting, peculiar eruptions, pruritus, coryza, etc. Not rarely a cyanotic condition of the face and hands is produced. Antipyrin is incompatible with nitrous compounds. It is a powerful antipyretic and analgesic. Dose gr. v-xv (0.3-1.0). A. Salicylate. See Salipyrin. Antirabic {an-te- rab f - ik ) [avri, against ; rabies, madness]. Preventing or curing rabies. Antirheumatic {an -te-ru - mat f - ik) [avri, against ; peufzariKog, of or pertaining to a flux]. Preventing or curing rheumatism. Antirheumatin {an-te- ru f -mat-in). A com- bination of sodium salicylate and methylene blue. It occurs as blue prismatic crystals easily soluble in water and alcohol, and tast- ing very much like sodium salicylate. It colors the urine blue or green. Antirrhinum {an-te-ri f -num) [L.]. A genus of scrophulariaceous plants. A. linaria, called also Linaria vulgaris, Toad - flax, Ramsted, Butter-and-Eggs ; an herbaceous plant of Europe and North America ; diuretic, cathartic, and irritant; used as a poultice and fomentation. Unof. Antiscorbutic {an - te - skor - bu r - tik) [avri, against; scorbutus, scurvy]. I. Effective against scurvy. 2. A remedy useful in scurvy. Antisepsin {an te-sep f -sin) [avri, against ; oqipig, putrefaction], C 6 H 4 BrNHC 2 H 3 0. Asepsin ; bromated acetanilid; soluble in alcohol and ether, insoluble in water. It is antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. Dose gr. vj-vij (0.39-0.45). Antisepsis ( an-te-sep' '-sis ) [avri, against ; o/'/ipiC, putrefaction]. Exclusion of the germs that cause putrefaction. Antiseptic ( an-te-sep' '-tic ) [avri, against ; crjtyig, putrefaction]. I. Having power to prevent the growth of the bacteria upon which putrefaction depends. 2. A remedy or agent that prevents the development of bacteria. The principal antiseptics in use are corrosive sublimate, creolin, carbolic acid, iodoform, thy- mol, salicylic acid, boric acid, etc. A. Gauze, open cotton cloth charged with an antiseptic. A. Ligature, catgut or other material rendered aseptic by soaking in antiseptic solutions. A. Treatment of Wounds looks to thorough antisepsis as regards the wound, the instru- ments, the operator's hands, the dressings, etc. Antisepticism [an - te - sep / - tis - izm) [avri, against; ai/ipig, putrefaction]. The theory or systematic employment of antiseptic methods. Antisepticize ( an - te - sep f - tis - Iz ) [avri, against; oijiptg, putrefaction]. To render antiseptic ; to treat with antiseptics. Antiseptin {an-te-sep' '-tin) [avri, against ; oqipig, putrefaction]. Zinc boro-thymo-iodid. It consists of 85 parts zinc sulphate, 2.5 parts each of zinc iodid and thymol, and 10 parts boric acid. It is an antiseptic. Unof. Antiseptol {an - te - sep f - tot) [avri, against ; crjiptg, putrefaction], Cinchonin iodosulphate, an odorless and fairly effective substitute for iodoform. Antisialagogue ( an-te-si-al' -a-gog ) [avri, against; oiaXov, saliva; ayuyog, leading]. I. Preventing or checking salivation. 2. A remedy that is effective against salivation. Antisialic ( an-te-si-aV -ik ) [avri, against ; GiaXov, saliva]. I. Checking the flow of saliva. 2. An agent that checks the secre- tion of saliva. Antispasmin {an-te-spaz r -min). A whitish powder, consisting of a mixture of narcein- sodium and sodium salicylate. It is sedative and hypnotic, and has been used in laryngis- mus stridulus and whooping-cough. Dose gr. \-\v (0.01-0.26). Antispasmodic ( an-te-spas-mod' -ik ) [avri, against; airaajudg, a spasm]. I. Tending to relieve spasm. 2. An agent relieving con- vulsions or spasmodic pains, as the narcotics, the nitrites, etc. Antispastic {an-te-spas f -tik) [avri, against; GiracTLKoq, drawing]. I. Revulsive; coun- ter-irritant. 2. Antispasmodic. 3. A re- vulsive agent. Antisudoral {an-te-su' '-dor-al) [avri, against ; sudor, sweat]. Checking the secretion of sweat. Antisyphilitic {an - te - sif - il - it r - ik) [avri, against ; syphilis\ . I. Effective against syph- ilis. 2. A remedy used in the treatment of syphilis. Antithenar {an-tith' '-en-ar) [avri, against ; devap, the hollow of the hand or foot]. 1. Opposite to thenar. 2. A muscle that ex- tends the thumb, or opposes it to the hand : an antithenar muscle. A. Eminence, the border of the palm of the hand from the base of the little finger to the wrist. A. Muscles, of the toe and of the thumb ; the abductor pollicis pedis and the flexor brevis pollicis manus ; also, the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Antithermic {an-te-ther' '-mik) [avri, against ; Oip/urj, heat]. Cooling; antipyretic. Antithermin {an-te-ther' ' -min) [avri, against ; Oepurj, heat], C n H u 2 N 2 . Phenylhydrazin- levulinic acid, a coal-tar derivative used as an antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. Dose gr. v (0.3). Unof. ANTITOXIC AORTIC Antitoxic (an-te- toks / - ik ) [avri, against ; ro^mov, poison]. Antidotal ; counteracting poisons. Antitoxin {an - te-toks / - in) [avri, against ; TogiKOv, poison]. A counter poison or anti- dote elaborated by the body to counteract the toxins of bacteria. According to some authorities, antitoxins are, like the toxins, bacterial products. Antitoxins are used in the treatment of certain infectious diseases and also to confer immunity against these diseases. Antitragic {an-te-traf '-ik) [avri, opposite to ; rpayog, the tragus]. Pertaining to the an- titragus. A. Muscle, a mere rudiment in man ; it arises from the antitragus, and ex- tends to the cauda of the helix. Antitragus (an-le-tra'-gtis) [avri, opposite to; rpayoc, the tragus]. An eminence of the external ear opposite the tragus. Antitrope ( an'-te-trop ) [ avri, against ; rperreiv, to turn]. Any organ set over against another to form a symmetric pair. Thus, the right eye is an antitrope to the left. Antivenene {an-te-ven f -en) [avri, against ; venenum, poison]. A term given to the blood-serum of animals rendered immune against snake-poison, on account of its anti- dotal properties. Antizymotic [an-te-zi- mot' '-ik) [avri, against ; C,vjiuGiq, fermentation]. I. Preventing or checking fermentation. 2. An agent pre- venting the process of fermentation ; an anti- ferment. Antracele {an f -tra-sel) [antrum, a cavity ; Krfkrj, a tumor]. Dropsy of the antrum ; an accumulation of fluid in the maxillary sinus. Antral {an r -tral) [antrum, a cave]. Relat- ing to an antrum. Antrectomy (an-trek f -to-me) [avrpov, antrum ; eK.ro/Ltrj, excision]. Surgical removal of the walls of the antrum. Antritis {an-tri f -tis) [avrpov, a cave ; itis, in- flammation]. Inflammation of an antrum. Antrophore {an' '-tro-for) [avrpov, a cavity ; (pepELv, to bear]. A soluble, medicated bougie. Antrotympanic [an - tro - tim -pan'- ik) [av- rpov, a cave; rv/xiravov, a drum]. Relating to the cavity of the tympanum and to the tympanic antrum. Antrum (an'-trum) [L.]. A cavity or hol- low space, especially in a bone. A. cardia- cum, a dilatation of the lower end of the esophagus. It has been noted in cases of rumination, and in other conditions. A. eth- moidale, the ethmoidal sinus. A. high- morianum, Antrum of Highmore, a cavity in the superior maxillary bone. A. high- mori testis. See Mediastinum testis. A., Mastoid, the hollow space beneath the roof of the mastoid process. A., Maxillary. See A. highmorianum. A. pyloricum willisii, the cavity of the pylorus. Anuresis (an-u-re' -sis) [av priv. ; ovpov, urine] . Anuria. Anuretic { an-u-ret f -ik) [av priv.; ovpov, urine] . Pertaining to or affected with anuria. Anuria {an-u f -re-ah) [av priv.; ovpov, urine]. Suppression of the urine. Anuric {an-u'-rik) [av priv.; ovpov, urine]. Pertaining to anuria. Anurous {an-u r -rus) [av priv.; ovpd, a tail]. Without a tail. Anus (a f -nus) [anus, the fundament]. *The extremity of the rectum ; the lower opening of the alimentary canal. A., Artificial, an opening established from the bowel to the ex- terior at a point above the normal anus, most commonly from the colon, either in the lum- bar or the iliac region. A., Fissure of, a slight tear in the mucous membrane at the anus, usually due to passage of hardened feces. It is very painful. A., Fistula of, fistula in ano, a sinus opening from the rec- tum into the connective tissue about the rec- tum, or discharging externally. A., Imper- forate, absence of the anus, the natural opening being closed by a membranous sep- tum. Anvil {an'-vtt). See Incus. Anydremia, Anydraemia {an-id-re' '-me-ah) [av priv. ; v Sup, water ; alpia, blood] . A deficiency of water in the blood. Anypnia {an-ip / -ne-ah ) [av priv.; vtcvoq, sleep]. Sleeplessness. Aorta (a-ort f -ah) [aoprrj, aorta]. The large vessel arising from the left ventricle and dis- tributing by its branches arterial blood to every part of the body. It ends by bifur- cating into the two common iliacs at the fourth lumbar vertebra. The arch, that ex- tending from the heart to the third dorsal vertebra, is divided into an ascending, a transverse, and a descending part. The thoracic portion extends to the diaphragm ; the abdominal X.o the bifurcation. Aortal (a-oi't'-al) [aoprrj, the aorta]. Re- lating to the aorta. Aortic (a-ort'-ik) [aoprrj, the aorta]. Per- taining to the aorta. A. Arch. See Aorta. A. Arches. See Arch. A. Foramen. See A. Opening of Diaphragm. A. Murmur. A murmur produced by disease of the aortic valves. A. Opening of Diaphragm, the aperture in, or really behind, the diaphragm, through which the aorta passes. A. Open- ing of Heart, the opening between the heart and the aorta. A. Plexus, the plexus of sympathetic nerves, situated on the front and sides of the aorta, between the ori- gins of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. A. Sinus, a deep depression be- tween the leaflets of the aortic valve and the AORTITIS APHEMIA aortic wall. A. Valve, the three semilunar valves closing the aortic opening during the cardiac diastole. Aortitis (a-ort-i* '-tis) [aopri], the aorta ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the aorta. Aortomalacia, or Aortomalaxia (a-ort-o- mal-a/ -se-ak y or -aks f -e-ah) \_aoprrj, aorta ; [mlania, softening]. Softening of the aorta. Aortostenosis (a-ort-o-sten-o' -sis) [aoprr], aorta ; crevSc, narrow]. Stenosis or narrow- ing of the aorta. Apatropin (ap-at f -ro-pin) \air6, from ; arpo- 7roc, unchangeable], C 17 H 21 N0 2 . A com- pound derived from atropin by the action of nitric acid. It is said to produce peculiar convulsions. Ape {dp) [ME., ape], A man-like monkey. A. Fissures, those fissures of the human brain that are also found in apes. A. -hand, a peculiar shape of the hand produced by the wasting of the thumb-muscles ; it is seen in some cases of progressive muscular atrophy. Apellous (ah-pel'-us) [d priv.; nk'k'ka, skin]. Skinless. Apepsia (ah-pep' -se-ah) [d priv.; tcetctuv, to digest]. Cessation or absence of the digest- ive function. A., Hysteric, condition of apepsia due to hysteria. It is also called Hys- teric Anorexia. A. nervosa. See Anorexia nervosa. Apeptic (ah-pep f -tik) [a priv.; irewTeiv, to di- gest]. Affected with apepsia. Aperient (ap-e f -re-ent) [aperire, to open]. I. Laxative ; mildly purgative. 2. A mild purgative ; a laxative. Aperistalsis (ah-per-is-taV -sis) [d priv. ; irepi, around ; GTaXaiq, constriction] . Ces- sation of the peristaltic movements of the in- testine. Aperture (ap f -er-chur) \apertura, an open- ing]. An opening. A., Angular, in the microscope, the angle formed between a luminous point placed in focus and the most divergent rays that are capable of passing through the entire system of an objective. A., Numeric, the capacity of an objective for admitting rays from the object and trans- mitting them to the image. Apex (a'-peks) \apex, the extreme end of a thing]. The summit or top of anything; the point or extremity of a cone. A. Beat, the impulse of the heart felt in the fifth inter- costal^ space, about t,%, inches from the mid- dle of the sternum. A. Murmur, a murmur heard over the apex of the heart. A. of the Lung, the upper extremity of the lung be- hind the border of the first rib. Aphacia (ah-fa' '-se-ah). Same as Aphakia. Aphacic (ah fa'-sik). Syn. of Aphakic. Aphagia (ah-fa' '-j'e-ah) [d priv.; Qayelv, to eat]. Inability to eat or to swallow. Aphakia (ah-fa' -ke-ah) [d priv.; tyanoc, a lentil, the crystalline lens]. The condition of an eye without the lens. Aphakic (ah-fa' -kik) [d priv.; tyaKoq, the lens]. Not possessing a crystalline lens. Aphasia (ah-fa' -ze-ah) [d priv.; (pdaic, speech]. Partial or complete loss of the power of expressing ideas by means of speech or writing. Aphasia may be either motor or sensory. Motor or Ataxic Aphasia consists in a loss of speech owing to inability to exe- cute the various movements of the mouth necessary to speech, the muscles not being properly coordinated, owing to disease of the cortical center. It is usually associated with agraphia, " aphasia of the hand," inability to write, and right-sided hemiplegia. Some aphasics can write, but are unable to articu- late words or sentences ; this variety is vari- ously named aphemia, alalia, or anarthria, according as the impairment of speech is more or less marked. Charcot supposes the center for articulate language divided into four sub- centers, a visual center for words, an auditory center for words, a motor center of articulate language, and a motor center of written lan- guage. Lesions of one or more of these centers produce the characteristic forms of aphasia, all of which have clinical exemplifi- cations. Sensory Aphasia, or Amnesia is the loss of memory for words, and may exist alone or in association with motor aphasia. Amnesia appears clinically in three distinct forms : I. Simple loss of memory of words. 2. Word-deafness, or inability to understand spoken words (there is usually some parapha- sia connected with this form). 3. Word- blindness, or inability to understand written or printed words. Paraphasia, a form of aphasia in which there is inability to connect ideas with the proper words to express the ideas. Agrammatism, a phenomenon of aphasia consisting in the inability to form words grammatically, or the suppression of certain words of a phrase. Ataxaphasia, inability to arrange words synthetically into sentences. Bradyphasia, abnormal slow- ness of speech, from pathologic cause. Tu- multus sermonis, a stuttering manner of reading, from pathologic cause. A., Con- duction, such as is due to defect in some commissural connection between centers. A., Gibberish, aphasia in which the patient can utter many words, but uses them in such a way that they express no meaning. Aphasiac (ah-fa' -ze-ak) [d priv.; ipdaig, speech]. One who is aphasic. Aphasic (ah-fa'-zik) [d priv.; pa£eiv, to utter]. Absence of the power to utter connected phrases. Aphrodisia (af ~-ro - diz' '- e - ah) \_'A(f>po6tr?/, Venus], Sexual desire, especially when morbid, or immoderate ; sexual congress. Aphrodisiac (af- ro - diz 1 - e - ak) [' 'Acppodhrj , Venus]. I. Stimulating the sexual appetite ; erotic. 2. An agent stimulating the sexual passion. Aphtha (af f -thah) [cupda, an eruption]. An eruption ; an ulcer. Aphthae (af'-tlie) \_aoOa, an eruption]. Also called Aphthous stomatitis. A form of sto- matitis characterized by the presence of small white vesicles in the mouth, occurring chiefly in children under three years of age, and sup- posed to be due to a special microorganism. A., Bednar's, two symmetrically placed ulcers seen at times on the hard palate of cachectic infants, one on either side of the mesial line. A., Cachectic, aphthae appear- ing beneath the tongue, and associated with grave constitutional symptoms; Riga's dis- ease. Aphthoid (af r -thoid) [dtyda, an eruption]. Resembling aphthae. Aphthongia (af-thong* '-ge-ah) [d priv.; (pdoy- yog, a sound]. A peculiar form of aphasia due to spasm of the muscles supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. Aphthous (af'-thi/s) \_a first ; fikaa- rog, germ]. In embryology, the granular areola surrounding the germinal vesicle. It is composed of three layers, the outer, or epiblast, from which the skin and its adnexa, the nervous system, and the terminal portions of the alimentary canal are formed ; the mid- dle, or mesoblast, from which the epithelium of the genito urinary organs and the smooth and striated muscle-tissue are derived ; and the inner, or hypoblast, for the development of the epithelium of the respiratory tract and of the alimentary canal. In pathology, the im- portant tissues of the body as contrasted with the parablast, or connective tissues. Archiblastic (ar-ke-blas' '-tik) [apxVi first ; fiXaorog, germ]. Derived from the archi- blast. The parenchymatous tissues are re- garded as archiblastic. Archiblastoma (ar-ke-blas-to 1 '-mali) \_apxv, first; pXaorog, germ; bjia, a tumor]. A tumor composed of archiblastic tissue, such as myoma, neuroma, papilloma, adenoma, carcinoma, etc. Archiblastula (ar-ke-blas' -tu-lah) [cipxv> first ; fthaorog, a germ or bud] . In embry- ology, a ciliated, vesicular morula, resulting from complete and regular yelk-division and by invagination forming the archigastrula. Archicytula (ar-ke-sif '-u-lah) [apxv, a be- ginning; Kurog, a cell]. A fertilized egg-cell in which the nucleus is discernible. Archigaster (ar-ke-gas'-ter) [apxv, first ; yaarrjp, belly]. The primitive, perfectly simple intestine ; archenteron. Archigastrula (ar-ke-gas' '-tru-lah) [ apxv, beginning; yaarrjp, belly]. The gastrula as it is observed in the most primitive types of animal development ; called also bell-gas- trula from its shape. Archigenesis (ar-ke-jen' '-es-is). See Ar- chebiosis. Archil (ar'-kil) [ME., orchell\ A coloring matter similar to litmus, chiefly obtained from the lichen, Roccella tinctoria ; used for staining animal tissues. Archimonerula (ar-ke-mon-er' '-u-lah) \apxv, first; juovqprjg, single, solitary]. In embry- ology, a special name given by Haeckel to the monerula stage of an egg undergoing primi- tive and total cleavage. Archimorula (ar-ke-mor' '-u-lah) [apxv, first ; fiopov, a mulberry]. In embryology, the solid mass of cleavage cells, or mulberry mass, arising from the segmentation of an archicytula, and preceding the archiblastula and archigastrula. Archineuron (ar f -che-nu-roti) \apxVt begin- ning ; neuron~\. See Neuron, 2d definition. Archinephron (ar-ke-nef ' -ron) [apxv, begin- ning; ve '-kis-tdm) \apxv, first ; orojua, mouth]. The gastrula mouth or opening of the archenteron ; blastoporus. Architis (ar-ki'-tis) \_apxog, anus]. Procti- tis ; inflammation of the anus. Arciform (ar f -se-form) \arcus, bow ; arch ; forma, form]. Bow-shaped; especially used to designate certain sets of fibers in the medulla oblongata. Arctation (ark-ta' '-shun) \arctatio ; arctare, to draw close together]. Contraction of an opening or canal. Arctium (ark' -she-um) [L.]. Burdock. See Lappa. Arcual (ar f -ku-al) [arcualis, arched]. Arched ; bent or curved. Arcuate (ar'-ku-dt) [arcuatio, a bowing]. Arched ; curved ; bow-shaped. A. Fibers of the Cerebellum, associating fibers con- necting one lamina with another. A. Fibers of the Cerebrum, associating fibers con- necting adjacent convolutions. Arcuation (ar-ku-a' '-shun) [arcuatio, a bow- ing]. Curvature, especially of a bone. Arcus (ar'-kus) \_arcus, a bow]. A bow or arch. A. dentalis, the dental arch. A. senilis, a ring of fatty degeneration seen about the periphery of the cornea in old persons. A. senilis lentis, an opaque ring in the equator of the crystalline lens ; it sometimes occurs in the old. A. zygomati- cus, the zygomatic arch. Ardor (ar'-dor) [ardor, heat]. Violent heat, burning. A. urinse, burning pain in the in- flamed urethra during micturition. Area (a f -re-ah) [area, an open space]. A limited extent of surface. A. Celsi. See Alopecia areata. A., Cohnheim's, certain clear-cut areas seen in a transverse section of muscle -fibers. A., Crural, a space at the base of the brain included between the pons and chiasm. A. germinativa, ox embryonic ARECA NUT ARISTOLOCHIA spot, the oval germinating spot of the embryo. A., Motor, the convolutions on either side of the rolandic fissure, containing the centers for voluntary motion. A. opaca, the opaque circle about the A. pellucida. A. pellucida, the light central portion of the A. germinativa. A. vasculosa, the vascular area of the A. opaca. Areca Nut (ar'-ek-ah). See Bete I. Arecane, Arekane {ar f -ek-dn) [Malay]. An oily and volatile basic substance obtainable from areca nut ; said to be a purgative and sialagogue, and to slow the pulse. Unof. Arecin [ar'-es-in) [Sp. , areca], C 23 H 26 N 2 0. I. An organic base isomeric with brucin, de- rived from cinchona bark. 2. A brown-red coloring matter, obtained from areca nuts ; areca red. Areola {ar-e f -o-lah) [dim. of area, an open space : pi. , Areolae]. I. The brownish space surrounding the nipple of the female breast. This is sometimes called Areola papillaris. A second areola, surrounding this, occurs during pregnancy. The pigmentation about the umbilicus is called the umbilical areola. 2. Any interstice or minute space in a tissue. Areolar (ar-e / -o-lar) [areola, dim. of area, an open space]. Relating to or characterized by areolae. A. Tissue, cellular tissue ; loose connective tissue. Argentamin (ar-jen-tam' '-in) [argentum, silver; amin~\. A solution of silver phos- phate in ethylendiamin. It is an antiseptic agent that does not coagulate albumin. Argentation (ar-jen-ta' '-shun) [argentum, silver] . Staining with a preparation of silver. Argentic [ar-jen' '-tik) [argentum, silver]. Containing silver. Argentine {ar f -jen-tin) \_argentum, silver]. Containing or resembling silver. Argentum (ar-jen- 'turn) [L.]. Silver. Ag.= 108 ; quantivalence, I ; specific gravity, 10.4 to 10.5. A malleable and ductile metal of brilliant white luster. It tarnishes only in the presence of free sulphur, sulphur gases, and phosphorus. The following salts are used in medicine : A. cyanidum, AgCN, used in the preparation of hydrocyanic acid. A. iodidum, Agl, sometimes used internally instead of A. nitras. Dose gr. *^-j (0.016- 0.065). A. nitras, AgN0 3 , nitrate of silver, argentic nitrate, " lunar caustic," a powerful astringent and an escharotic of moderate strength. It stains skin and other tissues black. If too long administered, it leaves a slate-colored, insoluble deposit of silver under the skin (Argyria). It is used in gastric catarrh, in gastric ulcer, in intestinal ulceration, and as an alterative in scleroses of the nervous system. Dose gr. Ye-Yi (0.01- 0.032). A. nitras dilutum, the mitigated caustic, or diluted stick, is fused with an equal amount of potassium nitrate. A. nitras fusum, " stick caustic," contains four per cent, of silver chlorid. It is used locally. A. oxidum, Ag 2 0, explosive when treated with ammonia. Dose gr. j^-ij (0.032-0.13). A. vivum, an old name for mercury or quicksilver. Argilla (ar-jil' '-ah) [apyiXkoq, potter's clay]. White or potter's clay ; alumina. Argol (ar r -gol) [apyoq, white]. The impure tartar derived from wine. Argon (ar'-gon) [apyog, inactive]. A new element discovered in the atmosphere in 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Prof. Ramsey. Its symbol is A ; the atomic weight has not been definitely determined, but is thought to be 19.7. It is soluble to the extent of 4 volumes in 100 of water, and condenses to a colorless liquid at — 1 28. 6° C. and under a pressure of ^3 atmospheres, the liquid having a density of 1.5. Argon may be obtained by freeing air which has been deprived of its carbon dioxid and water, from oxygen by means of red-hot copper, and then absorbing the nitrogen by means of metallic magne- sium. The residual gas, the passage of the gases being repeated a number of times, is argon. Chemically, it is the most inert ele- ment yet known. Argyll Robertson Pupil. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of, and Pupil. Argyria [ar-ji' '-re-ah) [argentum, silver]. A form of discoloration of the skin and mu- cous membranes produced by the prolonged administration of silver, the granules of silver being deposited in much the same po- sition as those of the natural pigment of the skin. Argyrosis (ar-ji-ro f -sis). Same as Argyria, a. v. Arhinia (ah-rin f -e-ah) [a priv. ; pic, nose]. Congenital absence of the nose. Arhythmia (ar-ith'-me-ah). See Arrhyth- mia. Arica Bark. Calisaya bark exported from Arica, Peru. It contains the alkaloid, aricin. Aricin (ar'-is-in) [Arica, in Peru], C 23 H 26 - N 2 4 . An alkaloid obtained from several varieties of cinchona bark. Aristol (ar'-is-tol) [aptaroq, best], (C 6 H ? - CH 3 OI.C 3 H 7 ) 2 . Dithymol-iodid. It is also called annidalin, although this is dithy- mol-triiodid. An iodin compound used as a substitute for iodoform as an antiseptic dress- ing. It has the advantage of being odor- less, and is used either in the powder form or as a five to ten per cent, ointment with vaselin or lanolin. Aristolochia (ar-is-to-lo' '-ke-ah) [ap/oroc, best ; Tioxela, the lochia] . A genus of exo- genous herbs, many species of which have ARISTOLOCHIN ARSENATE active medicinal qualities. A. clematitis, of Europe, has been used as a tonic, stimu- lant, and diaphoretic. A. cymbifera, of S. America, furnishes a part of the drug called Guaco, and is a good tonic and stimulant. A. serpentaria (see Serpentaria) is at pres- ent more used in medicine than any other species. Aristolochin (ar-is-to-lo' -kin) \apiGToq, best ; Tiox^lo,, the lochia]. A bitter principle found in Virginia snake-root. See Serpentaria. Aristotle's Experiment. The double feel- ing experienced by the fingers when a single pebble is placed between the crossed fingers of one hand. Arithmomania (ar-ith-mo-ma' '-ne-aJi) \ap- if)/uog, a number ; fcavta, madness] . An insane anxiety with regard to the number of things that fall under the observation. Some- times it consists in constant or uncalled-for counting, either of objects or in mere re- peating of consecutive numbers. Arlt's Ointment. An ointment containing grs. viiss of belladonna to "£]% of blue oint- ment. Arm (ami) \artnare, to arm]. I. That part of the upper extremity from the shoulder to the wrist. 2. That portion of the stand connecting the body or tube of a microscope to the pillar. A. Center, the cortical center for the movement of the arm ; it is situated in the middle third of the ascending frontal and ascending parietal convolutions. Armature {ar f -mat-chur) \armatura, equip- ment]. A mass of soft iron at the extremity of a magnet. Also, the core of iron around which coils of insulated wire are wound. Army Itch (ar f -me itch). A distressing, chronic form of itch prevalent in the United States at the close of the civil war. The itching was intense. The eruption was seen especially on the arms, forearms, chest, ab- domen, and lower extremities, particularly on the ulnar side of the forearm and inner aspect of the thigh. It resembled prurigo associated with vesicles, pustules, and ec- zema. Arnica (ar'-nik-ah) [L. ]. A genus of com- posite-flowered plants. The name in medi- cine denotes the plant commonly known as " Leopard's bane," A. montana. Both flowers and roots are used in medicine. Its properties are probably due to an alkaloid, trimethylamin, C 3 H 9 N. In small doses it is a cardiac stimu- lant ; in larger doses a depressant. It is a popular remedy, when locally applied, for sprains, bruises, and surface wounds. A., Emplastrum, contains extract of root 33, lead plaster 67 parts. A. Radicis, Ext. Dose gr. j-iij (0.065-0.2). A. Rad., Ext. Fid. Dose TT\v-xx (0.32-1.3). A., Infu- sum, 20 parts flowers, 100 parts water. It is superior to the tincture for local use. A., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose TT\v-xxx (0.32- 2.0). A. Rad., Tinct., 10 per cent. Dose TT^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). Arnicae flores, arnica flowers. Arnicae radix, the root of arnica. Arnicin (ar ; -nis-in) \amica~\ , C 20 H 30 O 4 . A brownish, bitter glucosid extracted from the flowers of Arnica montana. Arnold's Nerve. The auricular branch of the pneumogastric nerve. Aroma (ar-o'-mah) \hpofia, spice]. The fragrance or odor emanating from certain vegetable substances, especially those used for food and drink. Aromatic (ar-o-mat f -ik) \_apojua, spice]. I. Having a spicy odor. 2. A substance char- acterized by a fragrant, spicy taste and odor, as cinnamon, ginger, the essential oils, etc. 3. A qualification applied to any car- bon compound originating from benzin, C 6 - H 6 . Their stability is relatively great as com- pared with that of the fatty bodies. A. Acids, those derived from the benzin group of hydrocarbons. A. Compound, any benzyl derivative. A. Fluid Extract, aromatic powder 100, alcohol sufficient to make 100 c.c. A. Group, a series of hydrocarbons having the composition C 10 H 16 . A. Pow- der. See Cinnamomiim. A. Sulphuric Acid. See Acid, Sulphuric. A. Vinegar, any mixture of aromatic oils in vinegar. A. Wine, a wine containing in each 100 parts, one part each of lavender, origanum, peppermint, rosemary, sage, and worm- wood. Aromin (ar-o f -min) [apujua, spice]. An al- kaloid obtainable from urine. When heated it emits a fragrant odor. Arrack (ar'-ak) [Ind.]. A liquor distilled from malted rice. Any alcoholic liquor is called arrack in the East. Arrector (ar-ek'-tor) [L., an erector]. An erector. A. pili, a fan-like arrangement cf a layer of smooth muscular fibers surrounding the hair follicle, the contraction of which erects the follicle and produces cutis anserina, or " goose-skin." Arrhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah). Same as Arhinia. Arrhythmia [ah-rith f -me-ah)\h\)x\v .\ pvdjuog, rhythm] . Absence of rhythm. Arrhythmic (ah-rith' -mik) [a priv. ; pvdjuog, rhythm] . Without rhythm ; irregular. Arrow-poison [ar' '-o-poi' '-zun). See Curare. Arrowroot (ar'-o-root) [ME., arcnv ; roote~\. A variety of starch derived from Maranta arundinacea of the West Indies, Southern States, etc. It is a popular remedy for diar- rhea, and is widely used as a food. Many other starchy preparations are sold as arrow- root. Arsenate, or Arseniate (ar'-sen-dt, or ar-se / - ne-dt) \arsenum\ Any salt of arsenic acid. ARSENUM ARTERIOTOMY Arsenuni [ar-se f -num). As = 75 ; quanti- valence III, V. A brittle, crystalline metal, of a steel-gray color, tarnishing on exposure to the air. Sp. gr. 5.73. It sublimes at 180 C. , and gives off a garlicky odor. It forms two oxids : arsenous oxid, As 2 3 , and arsenic oxid, As 2 5 . The sulphids are used as pig- ments in the arts, rarely in medicine. Scheele's green is copper arsenite ; Schwein- furth and Paris-green likewise contain arsenic. Arsenic is also an ingredient of certain poisons used against rodents and insects. In medi- cine, arsenic is used as an alterative in ane- mias, chronic malaria, asthma, phthisis pul- monalis, as a gastric sedative, and in chorea. Arsenous Acid, white arsenic, "ratsbane," As 2 3 . Dose gr. ^- T V (0.002-0.006). A., Acidi, Liquor {Liq. arsenici hydrochloride B. P. ) , a I per cent, solution of the oxid in hydro- chloric acid and distilled water. Dose TT^ij — v (0.13-0.32). Ferri Arsenias, Fe 3 As 2 8 . Dose gr. ^-\ (0.004-0.03). Liq. arsenici hydrochlor. (B. P.). Dose ttyj-v (0.13- 0.32). Potassii arsenitis, Liq. (Liquor Arsenicalis, B. P.). Fowler's solution. It contains A. acid I, potass, bicarbonate I, comp. tinct. lavender 3, and distilled water q. s. to make 100 parts. Dose Ttyj-x (0.13-0.65). Sodii arsenias, Na 2 H As0 4 . 7H 2 0. Dose of the dried salt gr. ^-/a (0.0025-0.005). Sodii arseniatis, Liq., Pearson's solution. Dose n\ij-x (0.13-0.65). A.iodidum, Asl 3 . Dose gr. y$-\ (0.003-0.008). A. et hydrargyri iod., Liq., liquor of the iodid of arsenic and mercury. Donovan's solution. It contains A. iodid I, mercuric iodid I, distilled water 100 parts. Dose tt\,ij-x (0.13-0.65). A. bro- midum, AsBr 3 , is used in diabetes. Dose gr. -gL (0.001). A. bromidi, Liq., Clemens' solution, a one per cent, solution of the bromid of arsenic. Dose TT\j-iv (0.065-0.26). Arsenical (ar-sen* ' -ik-al )[arsenium, arsenic]. Pertaining to arsenic. Arsenicalism, Arsenism (ar-sen'-ik al-izm, ar' '-sen-izm) [arsenum, arsenic]. Chronic arsenical poisoning. Arsenite (ar f -sen-it) [arsenum, arsenic]. Any salt of arsenous acid. Arsenous (ar-se / -nus) [arsenum, arsenic]. Containing arsenic. A. Acid. See Arsenic. Arsins (ar f -sinz) [arsenum, arsenic]. Pe- culiar volatile arsenical bases found by Selmi to be produced by the contact of arsenous acid and albuminous substances. Arsonium (ar-so / -ne-um) \_arsenum, arsenic ; ammonium~\, AsH 4 . A univalent radical in which arsenic replaces the nitrogen of am- monium. Artefact (ar' -te-faki) [arte, by wet; factum, made]. In microscopy and histology, a structure that has been produced by mechanic, chemic. or other artificial means ; a struc- 6 ture or tissue that has been changed from its natural state. Artemisia (ar-tem-iz f -e-ah) ['Aprejuig, the goddess Diana]. A genus of plants of the order Composites. A. abrotanum, Southern wood, is stimulant, tonic, and vermifuge, and is popularly used as a vulnerary. It is simi- lar in properties to wormwood. Dose of fid. ext. TT^x-xx (0.65-1.3). Unof. A. absin- thium. See Absinthe. A. maritima affords pure wormseed. A. vulgaris, mugwort, a popular remedy in various diseases. Arteria (ar-te' '-re-ah) [aprepia, the trachea] . A hollow tube. See Artery. Arterial (ar-te' -re-al) [aprepia, the trachea]. Pertaining to an artery. Arterialization (ar - te - re - al- iz - a / - shtin) [aprepia, the trachea]. The process of mak- ing or becoming arterial ; the change from venous blood into arterial. Arterin (ar'-ter-in) [aprepia, trachea]. Hoppe-Seyler's term for the arterial blood- pigment as contained in the red corpuscles. Arteriocapillary (ar-te- re-o - kap' -il-a-re) [aprepia, trachea; capillus, a hair]. Per- taining to arteries and capillaries. A. Fibrosis, a chronic inflammatory process characterized by an overgrowth of connective tissue in the walls of the blood-vessels. It is also known as arteriocapillary fibrosis of Gull and Sutton. Arteriofibrosis (ar-te-re-o-fi-bro' '-sis). See A rteriocapilla ry > Fibrosis . Arteriogram (ar-te' ' -re-o-grani) . See Sphyg- ?nogram. Arteriography (ar-te-re-og' '-ra fe) [aprepia, trachea; ypa Uh et ^ Z^Q w 5 < w • 55 2 Q w 2 Opu <0 to 2 hours. 10 1 oz. 2 " 9 i£ ozs. 3 " 6 3 " 3 " 6 4 " 3 " 6 4-4 h " 3 " 6 5 " 3 " 6 6 " 3 " 5 8 " < . « O Z o IOOZS. t << I3i 18 24 24-27 30 36 40 Aryepiglottic {ar-e-ep-e-glof '-ik) . Same as A rytenoepiglottic. Arytenoepiglottic {ar-i-ten- 0- ep-e-glot f - ik) [apvTciiva, a pitcher; eldog, likeness; kiri, upon ; yluTrig, glottis] . Relating to an arytenoid cartilage and to the epiglottis ; as the arytenoepiglottic fold (or folds), con- sisting of a fold of mucous membrane that extends from each arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. Arytenoid (ar-i / -te-noid)[api)Taiva, a pitcher ; elSog, likeness]. Resembling the mouth of a pitcher. A. Cartilages, two cartilages of the larynx regulating, by the means of the attached muscles, the tension of the vocal bands. A. Glands, muciparous glands found in large numbers along the posterior margin of the arytenoepiglottic fold in front of the arytenoid cartilages. A. Muscle, a muscle arising from the posterior surface of one arytenoid cartilage and inserted into the corresponding parts of the other. It is composed of three planes of fibers, two oblique and one transverse. It draws the arytenoid cartilages together. Arythmia (ar-ith'-me-ah). See Arrhythmia. Arythmic (ar-ith'-mifc). See Arrhythmic. Asafetida, Asafoetida [as-a-fef -id-ah) [asa, gum ; fcetida, stinking] . A resinous gum obtained from the root of Ferula narthex and F. scordosoma. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and forms an emulsion with water. Its properties are due to allyl sulphid, C 6 H ]0 S. It is a powerful antispasmodic, stimulant, and expectorant, and is used in hysteria and bronchial affections. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32- 1.3). A., Tinct., strength 20 per cent. Dose ^ss-ij (2.0-8.0). A., Emplastrum, asafet- ida 35, lead plaster 35, galbanum 15, yellow wax 15, alcohol 120 parts. A., Emulsum, a 4 per cent, emulsion. Dose ^ ss- ^ ij (16.0-64.0). A., Enema (B. P.), asafe- tida and distilled water. A. et Magnesise, Mist., Dewees's carminative, magnesium carb. 5, tinct. asafoetidse 7, tinct. opii 1, sugar 10, distilled water sufficient to make 100 parts. Dose ^ss-Jjss (2.0-16.0). A., Pilulae, contain each gr. iij (o. 19) of asafetida and gr. j (0.065) °f soap. Dose j-iv. A. et Aloes, Pil., have gr. IJ/3 (0.087) of each ingredient. A., Pil., Comp. (B. P.). Pil. galbani comp. It consists of asafetida, gal- banum, myrrh, and treacle. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-I.3). Asaphia [as-a f -fe-aK) [aadtyeia, indistinctness] . Indistinctness of utterance, especially that due to cleft palate. Asaprol {as'-ap-rol), Ca(OH.C 10 H 6 SO 3 ) 2 ,- 3Aq. Calcium-/3-naphthol-tf-mono-sulphon- ate, a substance readily soluble in water and alcohol, and recommended in asthma, tonsil- litis, and acute articular rheumatism, in doses of from 15 to 60 grains (1.0—4.0). Asarol (as'-ar-ol) [aoapov, asarabacca ; oleum, oil], C ]0 H ]8 O. A camphor-like body derived from asarum. Asarum (as'-ar-um) [aoapov, asarabacca]. A genus of aristolochiaceous plants. A. canadense, called wild ginger, Canada snake-root, with other N. American species, is used chiefly in domestic practice. A. canadense is a fragrant, aromatic stimulant. Dose of fld. ext. n\ xv-gss (1.0-2.0). A. europaeum has diaphoretic, emetic, pur- gative, and diuretic qualities, but is now little used except in veterinary practice. Ascariasis [as-kar-i'-as-is) [aonapic;, a species of intestinal worm]. The symptoms pro- duced by the presence of ascarides in the gastro-intestinal canal. ASCARICIDE ASEXUAL Ascaricide (as-kar' '-is-ld) \_aanapic, a species of intestinal worm; ccedere, to kill]. A medicine that kills ascarides. Ascaris (as f -kar-is) [aonapiq, a species of intestinal worm : //. , Ascarides~\ . A genus of parasitic worms inhabiting the intestines of most animals. A. lumbricis is found in the ox, hog, and man. It inhabits the small in- testine, especially of children. A. mystax, the round- worm of the cat, and A. alata have rarely been found in man. A. vermicularis, a synonym of Oxyitris vermicularis. Ascending (as-end 1 '-ing) \ascendere, to rise]. Taking an upward course ; rising (as parts ,of the aorta and colon, and as one of the venae cavae). A. Current, in electricity, one going from the periphery to a nerve-cen- ter. A. Degeneration, a degeneration of the nerve-fibers extending from the periphery to the center, or, in the spinal cord, from below upward toward the brain. A. Para- lysis. See Paralysis. A. Tracts, the centripetal tracts of the spinal cord, carry- ing afferent impulses. Ascherson's Vesicles. The peculiar small globules formed when oil and an albuminous fluid are agitated together, and formerly thought to be cells. Ascia [a' ' -se-ah or as f -ke-ah) [d priv.; aula, shadow]. Fascia spiralis ; dolabra currens ; a spiral bandage applied without reverses, each turn of which overlaps the preceding for about a third of its width. Dolabra repens, is the same as the preceding, in which, however, the spirals are formed more ob- liquely, and do not overlap each other, but are separated by a greater or less interval. Ascites (as-i'-tez) [dcr/aY^c, a kind of dropsy ; from da/cdc, a bag]. An abnormal collection of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity ; dropsy of the peritoneum. It is either local in origin or a part of a general dropsy. The ascitic fluid is usually clear, yellow, and coagulates on standing. It may be turbid, blood-stained, and contain lymph-particles or shreds. There is a uniform enlargement of the abdomen, fluctuation, percussion-dulness. Its usual cause is cirrhosis of the liver. A. adiposus, ascites characterized by a fluid milky appear- ance due to the presence in it of numerous cells that have undergone fatty degeneration and solution. It is seen in certain cases of carcinoma, tuberculosis, and other chronic in- flammations of the peritoneum. A. chylosus, the presence of chyle in the peritoneal cavity. It follows rupture of a chyle duct. Ascitic (as-it'-ik) [aGKirrjq, a kind of dropsy]. Pertaining to or affected with ascites. Asclepiadin (as-kle-pi' ' -ad-in)\aaKkri-i6Q\. A bitter glucosid obtainable from various species of Asclepias. It is poisonous, and has emetic, purgative, and sudorific properties, Unof. Asclepias (as-kle f -pe-as) [aaKArjTciog'] . Pleu- risy Root. The root of Asclepias tuberosa. A popular remedy in the Southern States for pleurisy. It is diaphoretic, emetic, and ca- thartic. The infusion recommended has a strength of ^j of the powdered root to % xxxij of water. Dose, a teacupful every three or four hours. Also, A. curassavica, blood flower, an herb common to tropical America ; astringent, styptic, and anthelmintic against the tape -worm. A., Ext. fid. DosetT\xx-f3J (1. 3-4.0). ^ Asclepin (as-kle'-pin) [da/v^?/7ridc] . I. A poisonous principle obtainable from asclepia- din by the separation of glucose from the latter. 2. The precipitate from a tincture of Asclepias tuberosa ; alterative, evacuant, tonic, sedative. Dose grs. ij-iv (0.13-0.27). Unof. Ascococcus (as-ko-kok' '-us) [dcr/cdc, a leather bag; KOKtcog, a kernel]. A genus of the family of Schizomycetes. The ascococci are microorganisms made up of round or ovoid cells united in massive colonies, and sur- rounded by tough, thick, gelatinous envelops. A. billrothii, found in putrefied meat ; its natural habitat is the air; it is probably not pathogenic. Ascospore (as' -ko-spor) [dcwdc , a bag ; ctto/joc, seed]. A spore produced by or in an ascus. Ascus (as'-kus) [dcr/cdc, a bag or bladder]. The characteristic spore case of some fungi and lichens, usually consisting of a single terminal cell containing eight spores. Asemasia (as-eni-a f -ze-ah) [d priv. ; arjfiaaln, a signaling]. Absence of the power to com- municate either by signs or language. Asepsin (ah-sep' -sin). See Antisepsin. Asepsis (ah-sep' '-sis) [d priv. ; ofj^iq, putrefac- tion] . Absence of pathogenic microorganisms. Aseptic (ah-sep' '-tik) [d priv.; af/rjng, putre- faction]. Free from pathogenic bacteria, as aseptic wounds. A. Surgery, the mode of surgical practice in which everything that is used as well as the wound is in a germ- free condition. Asepticism (ah-sep' '-tis-izm) [d priv.; gtjtttoq, septic]. The doctrine or principles of asep- tic surgery. Asepticize (ah-sep f -tis-lz) [d priv.; a^rrrdc, septic]. To render aseptic. Aseptin (ah-sep' '-tin) [d priv.; otjtttoq, septic]. A secret preparation containing boric acid, used for preserving articles of food. Aseptol (ah-sep' '-tol) [d priv.; arjirroq, septic], CgHgSO^. Sulphocarbolic acid ; sozolic acid. A reddish liquid, with an odor of carbolic acid, recommended as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is used externally (i 10 per cent, solution), and internally in about the same dose as carbolic acid. Asexual (ah-seks'-u-al) [d priv. ; sexus, sex]. Without sex ; non-sexual, ASH ASPIRATOR Ash [ash) [ME., asch~\. I. The incombusti- ble mineral residue that remains when a sub- stance is incinerated. 2. See Fraxinns. A. Manna. See Fraxinns. A., Prickly. See Xanthoxylum . Asialia [as-e-a f -le-ah) [d priv.; a':a7iov, spit- tle]. Defect or failure of the secretion of saliva. Asiatic {a-ze-at r -ik) [Asia]. Pertaining or belonging to Asia. A. Cholera. See Cholera. A. Pill, a pill composed of arse- nous acid, black pepper, powdered licorice, and mucilage. Asitia [ah-siP '-e-a/i) [d priv.; clrog, food]. The want of food. Also a loathing for food. Asomata [ah-so' '-mat-ah) [d priv.; ctijua, body]. A species of omphalositic monster characterized by an absence of the trunk. The head is never well-formed, and the ves- sels run from it to the placenta in the mem- branes. Beneath the head is a sac in which rudiments of body-organs may be found. This is the rarest form of omphalosites. Aspalasoma [as-pal-as-o f -mah) [acrraAa^, mole; ctijua, body]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species celosoma, in which there is a lateral or median eventra- tion occupying principally the lower portion of the abdomen, with the urinary apparatus, the genital apparatus, and the rectum opening externally by three distinct orifices. Asparagin (as-par ; -ag-in) [aairdpayoc, as- paragus], C 4 H 8 N 2 3 .H 2 O s . An alkaloid found in the seeds of many plants, in aspara- gus, beet root, peas, and beans. It forms shin- ing, four-sided, rhombic prisms, readily soluble in hot water, but not in alcohol or ether. It is an amid of aspartic acid, and forms com- pounds with both acids and bases. It is di- uretic. The hydrargyrate of asparagin has been used as an antisyphilitic, in doses of ^ grain (o.oi) hypodermically. Asparaginic Acid, C 4 H 7 NC 4 . A dibasic acid, a decomposition-product of asparagin and also of proteids and gelatin. Asparagus {as-par' -ag-us) [aowapayoc;, as- paragus] . The green root of Asparagus offi- cinalis, a mild diuretic. Dose of fid. ext. 3 ss-j (2.0-4.0). Unof. Aspartic Acid {as-par'-tik). See Acid. Aspergillus (as-per-jil'-us) \aspergere, to scatter]. A genus of fungi. A. auri- cularis, a fungus found in the wax of the ear. A. fumigatus, found in the ear, nose, and lungs. A. glaucus, the bluish mold found upon dried fruit. A. mucoroides, a species found in tuberculous or gangrenous lung-tissue. Aspergillusmycosis {as-per-jil' '-tis-mi-ko' '- sis). See Otomycosis. Aspermatic {ah-sper-maf '-ik) [d priv.; cirep- /ua, seed]. Affected with or relating to aspermatism. Aspermatism (ah-sper' ' -mat-izm) [d priv.; CTTep/ua, seed] . Defective secretion of semen or lack of formation of spermatozoa. Aspermous (ah-sper'-mus) [d priv.; Gireppa, seed]. Without seed. Aspersion {as-pei-' -zhun)\_aspersio , aspergere, to sprinkle]. Treatment of disease by sprinkling the body or the affected part with a medicinal agent. Asphyctic, or Asphyctous [as-fik'-tik, as- fik'-tus) [d priv.; o^v^ig, the pulse]. Af- fected with asphyxia. Asphyxia {as-fiks' '-e-ah) [d priv. ; G(f>i'^tg, the pulse]. Suffocation; the suspension of vital phenomena resulting when the lungs are de- prived of oxygen. The excess of carbon dioxid in the blood at first stimulates, then paralyzes the respiratory center of the me- dulla. Artificial respiration is therefore re- quired in cases of asphyxia. A., Local, that stage of Raynaud's disease in which the affected parts are dusky red from intense congestion. A. neonatorum, the asphyxia of the new-born from any cause. Asphyxiant {as-fiks' -e-ant) [dcn/wAroc, pulse- less]. I. Producing asphyxia. 2. An agent capable of producing asphyxia. Asphyxiate {asfiks f -e-dt) [d priv. ; otyi %elv, to pulsate]. To produce or cause asphyxia. Aspidium {as-pid'-e-um) [L.: gen. AspidW]. 1. A genus of ferns, known as shield ferns. 2. The rhizome of Dryopteris filix mas and of D. marginalis, or male fern. Its properties are due to a resin containing filicilic acid. It is valuable chiefly against tape-worm. Dose ^ss-^ ss (2.0-16 o). A., Oleoresina, an ethereal extract. Dose ^ss-j (2.0—4.0). Extractum Filicis Liquidum (B. P.). Dose rr^xv-^j (1.0-4.0). Aspidosamin \as-pid-os' '-am-in). C 2 .,H 2S N 2 2 . A basic principle, from quebracho bark. It is emetic. Unof. Aspidosperma {as-pid-o-sper f -maJi) [doTr/'c, a shield ; citeppa, a seed]. A genus of apo- cynaceous trees, of which the Quebracho is the most important. Aspidospermin [as-pid-o-sper' '-min) [honk, shield ; oireppa, seed], C 22 H 30 N 2 O 2 . An alkaloid extracted from Quebracho. [As- pidosperma quebracho). It has the general effects of quebracho. Unof. Aspiration (as-pi~r-a' -slum) \ad, to ; spirare, to breathe]. I. The act of sucking up or sucking in ; inspiration, imbibition. 2. The act of using the aspirator. 3. A method of withdrawing the fluids and gases from a cavity. A. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia. Aspirator [as f -pir-a-tor) [ad, to ; spirare, to breathe]. An apparatus for withdrawing liquids from cavities by means of suction. ASPOROGENIC ASTHMA Asporogenic (ah-spor-o-jen' '-ik) [d priv.; cropog, seed ; yevqg, producing]. Not repro- ducing by means of spores ; not producing spores. Assault (as-awlt f ) \_assalire, to assail]. An attack. A., Criminal, in medical jurispru- dence, the touching or attempting to touch, on the part of a male, any of the sexual organs (the breasts included) of a female against her will, even though they be covered by clothing. Assideration (as-id-er-a' 'shun) \ad, inten- sive; sideratio, an evil influence]. In forensic medicine, infanticide by immersing in ice- water. Assimilable (as-im f -il-a-bl) \assimulare, to make like]. Capable of being assimilated; nutritious. Assimilation (as-im-il-a' 's hurt) \_assimulare, to make like] . The process of transforming food into such a nutrient condition that it is taken up by the circulatory system, to form an integral part of the economy ; synthetic or constructive metabolism; anabolism. A., Mental, the mental reception of impressions and their assignment by the consciousness to their proper place. A., Primary, that con- cerned in the conversion of food into chyle and blood. A., Secondary, that relating to the formation of the organized tissues of the body. Associated (as-o f se-a-ted) \_a s s ociatu s, united]. Joined. A, Movements, coin- cident or consensual movements of other muscles than the leading one, and which by habit or unity of purpose are involun- tarily connected with its action. Both eyeballs move alike in reading, though one be a blind eye. Movement of the normal arm will sometimes produce slight motion of the opposite paralyzed arm. Uniformity of innervation is usually the cause of these movements. A. Paralysis, A. Spasm, a common paralysis, or spasm, of associated muscles. Assurin (as' '-u-riri) , C 46 H 94 N 2 P 2 9 . A name given by Thudichum to a complex substance occurring in brain-tissue. Astasia (as-ta f -se-ah) [d priv. ; ardoig, stand- ing]. Motor incoordination for standing. A.- Abasia, a symptom consisting in inability to stand or walk in a normal manner. The person affected seems to collapse when attempting to walk. Asteatosis (as-te-at-o' 'sis) [d priv.; areap, tallow ; ucfyc, fulness]. I. A deficiency or absence of the sebaceous secretion. 2. Any skin disease (as xeroderma) characterized by scantiness or lack of the sebaceous secretion. A. cutis, a condition of diminished sebace- ous secretion, as the result of which the skin becomes dry, scaly, and often fissured. 7 Aster (as'-ter) {aster, a star]. The stellate form assumed by the mitome of the nucleus when undergoing karyokinesis. Asterion (as-te' '-7'e-on)[aarrjp, star]. A p )int on the skull corresponding to the junction of the occipital, parietal, and temporal bones. Asternal (ah-ster'-nal) [d priv.; arspvov, the breast-bone]. Not connected with the ster- num. A. Ribs, the five lower pairs, because not joined directly to the sternum. Asternia (ah-ster' '-ne-ah) [d priv.; arkpvov, the breast-bone]. Absence of the sternum. Asteroid (as'-ter-oid) [aarqp, a. star; eldog, resemblance]. Shaped like a star. Asthenia (as-then-i'-ak, as -the' -ne-ah) \aa6e- veca; a priv.; gBevoq, strength]. Absence of strength ; adynamia. Asthenic (as-then' -ik) [d priv.; adevog, strength]. Characterized by asthenia. Asthenometer (as-then-om' '-et-er) [aodiveia, want of strength; juirpov, a measure]. An instrument for detecting and measuring asthe- nia ; especially, a device for measuring mus- cular asthenopia. Asthenopia (as - then -o' '-pe-ah) [d priv.; adevug, strength ; hip, eye] . Weakness of the ocular muscles or of visual power, due to errors of refraction, heterophoria, over-use, anemia, etc. A., Accommodative, due to hyperopia, astigmatism, or a combination of the two, producing strain of the ciliary muscle. A., Muscular, due to weakness, incoordination (heterophoria), or strain of the external ocular muscles. A., Retinal, or Nervous, a rare variety, caused by retinal hyperesthesia, anesthesia, or other abnor- mality, or by general nervous affections. Asthenopic (as-then-op' -ik) [d priv.; odevog, strength; o)ip, eye]. Characterized by asthen- opia. Asthma (az'-mah) \_aadp:a, panting]. A par- oxysmal affection of the bronchial tubes char- acterized by dyspnea, cough, and a feeling of constriction and suffocation. The disease is probably a neurosis, and is due to hyperemia and swelling of the bronchial mucous mem- brane, with a peculiar secretion of a mucin- like substance. The attacks may be caused by direct irritation of the bronchial mucous membrane or by indirect or reflex irritation, as from the nose, the stomach, the uterus. When dependent upon disease of the heart, the kidneys, stomach, thymus, etc., it has been designated, cardiac, 7'enal, peptic, thy??iic, etc. A., Bronchial. See Asthma. A., Cardiac, paroxymal dyspnea due to heart-disease. A. convulsivum. Synonym of Bronchial Asthma. A. Crystals, acicular crystals (Charcot-Leyden crystals) contained in the sputum of asthmatic patients. They are generally associated with eosinophile cells. A. dyspepticum. is due to nervous reflexes ASTHMATIC ATAXIA through the vagus. A., Grinders'. Same as Fibroid Phthisis. A., Hay. See Hay Fever. A., Heberden's, angina pectoris. A., Kopp's, spasm of the glottis. A., Marine. See Beriberi. A., Miller's. See Laryngismus stridulus. A., Miner's. See Anthracosis. A. nervosum. Synonym of Bronchial Asthma. A., Renal, a paroxy- mal dyspnea sometimes occurring in the course of Bright' s disease. A., Spasmodic. See Asthma. A., Thymic. Synonym of Laryngismus stridulus. Asthmatic (az-mat f -ik) [aodfia, panting]. Relating to or affected with asthma. Astigmatic (as-tig-mat' '-ik) [d priv.; uriy/ia, a point]. Pertaining to or affected with as- tigmatism. Astigmatism (as-tig' -mat-izm) [d priv.; ariyjia, a point, because rays of light from a point are never brought to a point by the re- fractive media of the eye]. That condition of the eye in which rays of light do not converge to a point on the retina. It is usually due to inequality of curvature of the different meridians of the cornea (corneal A.), but may be caused by imperfections of the lens (lenticular A.), unequal contraction of the ciliary muscle, or may perhaps be due to retinal imperfection. It may be acquired or congenital, and may complicate hyperme- tropia or myopia, producing either simple hypermetropic A., in which one principal meridian is emmetropic, the other hyperme- tropic ; or compound hypermetropic A., in which both meridians are hypermetropic, but one more so than the other. Complicat- ing myopia, we may in the same way have simple myopic or compound myopic A. In mixed A., one principal meridian is my- opic, the other hypermetropic. Regular A. is when the two principal meridians are at right angles to each other. Irregular A., when different parts of a meridian have dif- ferent refracting powers. Astigmatometer (as-iig-mat-om' -et-er) [d priv.; GTiyjia, a point; /uerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of astigmatism. Astigmometer (as-tig-mom> '-et-er). See As- tigmatometer. Astigmometry (as-tig-mom' '-et-re) [d priv.; arly/ua, a point; jierpov, a measure]. The measurement of astigmatism. hstr3ig3^ectovriy{as-trag-al-ek / -to-J7ie)\aGTpd- yaXog, astragalus; enro/uy, excision]. Ex- cision of the astragalus. Astragaloscaphoid (as-trag-al-o-skaf f -oid ) \acrpayakoq, astragalus ; cr/ca^oetJr/c, like a boat]. Relating to the astragalus and the scaphoid bone. Astragalus (as-trag' '-al-us) \acTpayakoq, a dice ; the analogous bones of the sheep were used by the ancients as dice]. I. The ankle- bone, upon which the tibia rests. 2. A genus of leguminous plants from some varie- ties of which ginn tragacanth is derived. A. mollissimus, Loco Plant. The active prin- ciple of this plant has mydriatic properties. Unof. Astrapaphobia (as-trap-af-o' -be-ali) \harpa- 7C7], lightning; 0o/3oc, fear]. Morbid fear of lightning. Astrokinetic (as-tro-kin-et'-ik) \_ao~pov, a star; nivelv, to move]. Applied to the phe- nomena of motion as exhibited by the cen- trosomes of cells. Astrostatic (as-tro-stat' '-ik) \_aorpov, a star ; laraadat, to stand]. Applied to the resting condition of the centrosomes of cells. Asylum (as-i'-lum) . \_asylum, a place of refuge]. An institution for the support, safe- keeping, cure, or education of those incapa- ble of caring for themselves, such as the insane, the blind, etc. A. Ear. See Hem- atoma auris. Asymbolia (ah-sim-bo f -le-ah) [d priv.; avfi> (3o?iov, symbol]. The loss of all power of communication, even by signs or symbols. Asymmetry (ah-sim' -et-re) [dpriv.; ovjj-het- pia, symmetry]. I. Unlikeness of corre- sponding organs or parts of opposite sides of the body that are normally of the same size, etc. , e. g. , asymmetry of the two halves of the skull or brain. 2. The linking of carbon atoms to four different groups ; the combina- tion of carbon atoms with different atoms or atomic groups. Asynergy (ah-sin r -er-je) [dpriv.; avvepyla, cooperation]. Faulty coordination of the different organs or muscles normally acting in unison. Asynesia ias-in-e' '-ze-ah) [aavveoia, stupidity]. Stupidity ; loss or disorder of mental power. Asynodia [ah-sin-o' '-de-ah) [dpriv.; avvodta, a traveling together] . Impotence. Asystole (ah-sis ; -to-le) [d priv.; gvg~oXtj, a shortening]. Imperfect contraction of the ventricles of the heart. Asystolic (ah-sis-toV -ik) [d priv.; cvcrohij, a shortening] . Characterized by asystole. Atactic [at-ak ; -tic) [dra/croc, irregular]. Ir- regular, incoordinate. Pertaining to muscu- lar incoordination, especially in aphasia. Atavic (at f -av-ik) \atavus, a forefather]. Relating to or characterized by atavism. Atavism (at f -av-izm) \_atavus, a forefather]. A variety of heredity characterized by the reappearance of a peculiarity in an individual whose more or less remote progenitors pos- sessed the same peculiarity but whose imme- diate ancestors did not present it. Atavistic (at-av-is'-tik). Same as Atavic. Ataxia (at-aks f -e-ah) \Jim^ia, want of order]. Incoordination of muscular action. A., ATAXIC ATHLETE Cerebellar, A., Cerebral, A., Spinal, that due to disease of the cerebellum, of the brain, or of the spinal cord. A., Bri- quet's, an hysteric state marked by loss of sensation in the skin and in the leg-muscles. A. cordis. See Delirium cordis. A. Family. See A., Hereditary. A., He- reditary. See Friedreich' 1 s Disease. A., Locomotor, a synonym of tabes dorsalis, or posterior spinal sclerosis, a disease of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, char- acterized by static and motor ataxia, by fulgu- rant pains, girdle-sensation, the Robertson pupil, disturbances of sensation and of the sphincters, and the loss of the patellar reflex. A., Motor, inability to coordinate the muscles in walking. A., Static, the failure of muscular coordination in standing still, or in fixed positions of the limbs. A., Ther- mal, peculiar large and irregular fluctuations of the body-temperature, due to a condition of incoordination, or a disordered or weak- ened thermotaxic mechanism. This may give rise to the so-called paradoxic or hys- teric temperatures, rising occasionally to io8° or HO° F., without grave or permanent injury. A., Vasomotor. See Vasomotor Ataxia. Ataxic (at-aks / -ic) [ara^la, want of order]. I. Pertaining to or affected with ataxia. 2. A person affected with ataxia. A. Aphasia. See Aphasia. A. Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. Ataxophemia (at-aks-o-fe f -me-ah) \hrat;ia, want of order; ^i//ui, to speak]. Lack of coordination in speech. Ataxy (at-aks f -e). See Ataxia. Atelectasis (at-el-ek' '-tas-is) [dre/l^c, imper- fect ; enracig, expansion]. Imperfect ex- pansion or collapse of the air-vesicles of the lung. It may be present at birth, or may be acquired from diseases of the bronchi or lungs. Atelectatic (at-el-ek-taf '-ik) [dreA^c, imper- fect ; SKraatr, expansion] . Relating to or characterized by atelectasis. Ateleocephalous (at - el - e - o - sef f - al- us ) [dre/^c, imperfect; Kztyakr}, head]. Having the skull or head more or less incomplete. Atelia (at-el-i f -ah) [areTieta, imperfection]. Imperfect development. The word is com- pounded with others to designate the part affected, as atelocardia, etc., imperfect de- velopment of the heart, etc. Cf. Asthenia. Atelocardia (at-el-o-kar ; -de-ah) \hrzXrjq, im- perfect; Kapdia, heart]. An imperfect or undeveloped state of the heart. Atelochilia (at-el-o-ki' '-le-ah) [dreA^c, im- perfect; xellog, lip]. Defective develop- ment of a lip. Atelochiria (at-el-o-ki' '-re-ah) [dre/l^c, im- perfect; x Ei P> hand]. Defective develop- ment of the hand, Ateloencephalia (at- el- o- en- se/-a / - le - ah? [are'kijg, incomplete; kyKetydhov , brain]. In- complete development of the brain. Ateloglossia (at-el-o-glos' '-e-ah) [dreA^c, im- perfect ; y^tjcoa, tongue]. Congenital defect in the tongue. Atelognathia (at-el-og-na' '-the-ah) [dreA^c, imperfect; yvaOog, jaw]. Imperfect develop- ment of a jaw, especially of the lower jaw. Atelomyelia (at-el-o-mi-e / -le-ah) [dre/i^c, imperfect ; /uveaoc, marrow]. Congenital defect of the spinal cord. Atelopodia (at-el-o-po' -de-ah) \are?,rjg, im- perfect; 7Tovg, foot]. Defective develop- ment of the foot. Ateloprosopia (at-el-o-pro-so / -pe-ah) [dre/b/c, incomplete ; irpocnoirov, face] . Incomplete facial development. Atelorrhachidia (at- el- o - rah - id f - e -ah) [dreA^c, imperfect ; pd^ic, spine] . Imperfect development of the spinal column, as in spina bifida. Atelostomia (at-el-o-sto' '-me-ah) [are7J]Q, in- complete; or 6 pa, mouth]. Incomplete de- velopment of the mouth. Atheroma (ath-er-o / -mah) \aQqprj, gruel ; bpa, tumor]. I. A sebaceous cyst contain- ing a cheesy material. 2. The fatty de- generation of the walls of the arteries in arteriosclerosis ; by common usage, the word is also applied to the whole process of arteriosclerosis. Arterial atheroma is also termed atherosis. Atheromasia (ath-er-o-ma' '-ze-ah) [aJdr/prj, gruel; djua, tumor]. Atheromatous de- generation ; the condition of atheroma. Atheromatous (ath-er-o / -mal-us) [aO/jp/j, gruel ; bpa, tumor] . Characterized by or affected with atheroma. A. Abscess, is a collection of soft matter beneath the intima resulting from chronic arteritis, while an A. Ulcer is formed by the abscess break- ing through the intima. Atherosis (ath-er-o / -sis) \_a6r]prj, gruel]. A synonym of atheroma (second definition). Athetoid (ath' ' -et-oid) [d^roc, unfixed]. Pertaining to or affected with athetosis. A. Spasm, a spasm in which the affected member performs athetoid movements. Athetosis (ath-et-o' '-sis) \hdrjroq, unfixed ; changeable]. A condition most frequently occurring in children, and characterized by continual slow change of position of the fingers and toes. It is usually due to a lesion of the brain. It is also called " post-hemi- plegic chorea," from its occurrence after hemiplegia. A., Double Congenital. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. Athlete's Heart (ath f -let) \_a61eiv, to contend with]. A slight incompetency of the aortic valves, a condition sometimes found in ath- letes. ATHREPSIA ATROPHIA Athrepsia {ah-threps' '-e-aJi) [d priv.; rpiipeiv, to nourish]. Malnutrition. Athymia [ah-thi' '-me-a/i) [d priv.; dvpoc, mind]. I. Despondency. 2. Loss of con- sciousness. 3. Insanity. Atlas ( at' -las) [drAac, able]. The first of the cervical vertebrae. It articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and with the axis. Atlodymus (at-lod'-im-us) [drAac, able; dlSvjuog, double]. A monosomic dual mon- strosity with two heads and a single body. Atmograph (at'-mo-graf) \arp6q, breath; ypcupeiv, to record]. A form of self-register- ing respirometer. Atmometer, or Atmidometer {at-mom f -et-er, or at-mid~om f -et-er) [aTfiiq, vapor ; juerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the amount of water exhaled by evaporation from a given surface in a given time, in order to determine the humidity of the atmosphere. Atmosphere (at f -mos-fer) [dr//dc, vapor ; ccpaipa, a sphere]. I. The air; the mixture of gases, surrounding the earth, to the height of about 200 miles. 2. The pressure exerted by the earth's atmosphere at the level of the sea ; it is about 15 pounds to the square inch, or 1 kilogram to the square centimeter. Atmospheric (at-mos-fer' '-ik) \_arp6g, vapor; ctyalpa, a sphere]. Pertaining to the atmo- sphere. A. Moisture, the vapor of water mingled with the atmosphere. It varies in quantity according to the temperature. A. Tension, the pressure of the air per square inch on the surface of a body. Normally, at the sea level, it is about 15 lbs. per square inch, or equal to that of a column of mercury about 30 in. in height. It decreases about Y 1 ^- in. or ^L lb- per square inch for every 90 feet of altitude. Above 10,000 feet, the rarity of the atmosphere is usually noticeable in quickened breathing and pulse-rate. Atocia {at-o'-se-ali) [dro/coc, barren] . Sterility of the female. Atom {at f -uni) [d priv.; rejiveiv, to cut]. The ultimate unit of an element ; that part of a substance incapable of further division, or the smallest part capable of entering into the for- mation of a chemic compound, or uniting with another to form a molecule — which last is the smallest quantity of a substance that can exist free or uncombined. Atomic (at-om'-ik) [a priv.; re/xveiv, to cut]. Pertaining to atoms. A. Heat, the specific heat of an atom of a chemic element as com- pared with that of an atom of hydrogen. A. Theory, the theory of Dalton,that all matter is composed of atoms, the weight of each atom differing for the different elements. A. Valence, Equivalence, or the Atomicity of an element, is the saturating power of its atom as compared with that of hydrogen. A. Weight, the weight of an atom of an element as compared with the weight of an atom o{ hydrogen. Atomicity [at-om-is' '-i-te) [d priv.; rkpvziv, to cut]. Chemic valence; quantivalence. Atomization (at-om-iz-a'-tion) [d priv.; Te/uyeiv, to cut]. The mechanic process of breaking up a liquid into fine spray. Atomizer {at r -0711-i-zer) [d priv.; repveiv, to cut] . An instrument for transforming a liquid into a spray. Atonic (at-on'-ik) [arovia, want of tone]. Relating to or characterized by atony. Atony [at f -o-ne) [d priv.; rovog, tone]. Want of power, especially of muscular power. Atrabiliary (at-rah-bil'-e-a-i-e) \ater, black; bilis, bile]. Pertaining to black bile. A. Capsules, an old name for the suprarenal capsules. Atresia {at-re f -ze-afi) [a priv. ; rpf/aig, per- foration] . Imperforation of a normal opening or canal, as of the anus, vagina, meatus audi- torius, pupil, etc. Atresic (at-re'-zik) [d priv. ; rpf/aig, perfor- ation]. Characterized by atresia. Atrichia (ah-t?'ik f -e-ah) [d priv. ; dpl^, hair]. Absence of the hair. Atrichosis {ah-trik-o'-sis) [d, priv.; dpi!;, hair]. A condition characterized by absence of hair. Atrioventricular [a-tre- 0- ven - trik' '-u-lar) \atrium, hall; venti'iathis, ventricle]. Re- lating both to the atrium (or auricle) and to the ventricle of the heart. Atrium [a f -tre-uni) \atrium, the fore-court or hall]. I. That part of the auricle of the heart into which the venous blood is poured. 2. The part of the tympanic cavity of the ear be- low the head of the malleus. A., Infection, the point of entrance of the bacteria in an in- fectious disease. Atropa ( at'-ropah ) ["ArpoTroc, " she who turns not," undeviating; one of the three Fates, who cut the thread of life, — in allusion to the poisonous effects of the plant]. A genus of the natural order Solanacecr. A. belladonna, the deadly nightshade, from which atropin is obtained. See Belladonna. Atrophia (at-ro'-fe-ah) [dpriv.; rpo(p>/, nour- ishment]. Atrophy. Diminution in size of a part from degeneration or shrinkage of its component cells. A. cordis, atrophy of the heart, following senile changes, or occurring in cachectic conditions, or as a re- sult of pressure exerted by mediastinal tumors, etc. A. cutis, Atrophoderma ; a term ap- plied to various changes in the skin charac- terized by the diminution or disappearance of certain of its elements, especially seen in ad- vanced age. The skin becomes thin, loose, wrinkled, and discolored. A. cutis senilis, Senile Atrophoderma ; an atrophy of the skin usually associated with general signs of senile ATROPHIC ATTENUANT degeneration. A. infantum. Synonym of Tabes mesenteric a. A. mesenterica. Syno- nym of Tabes i?iesenterica. A. pilorum pro- pria, atrophy of the hair, either symptomatic or idiopathic in origin. A. unguis, atrophy of the nails. Atrophic {at-ro' '-fik) [a priv. ; rpo^rj, nourish- ment]. Pertaining to, or affected with atrophy. Atrophoderma {at-ro- fo-der 1 '-mah) [a priv. ; Tpotyf], nourishment; Sip/ua, the skin]. Atrophy of the skin. Atrophy [at'-ro-fe) [aTpofila, want of nourish- ment]. Diminution in the size of a tissue, organ, or part, the result of degeneration of the cells or a decrease in the size of the cells. A., Acute Yellow. See Icterus gravis. A., Brown, a form of atrophy in which the normal pigment of the organ is retained, and in which there is also frequently the addition of new pigment. It occurs most frequently in the heart, muscles, and liver, and is caused by chronic congestion ; also called pigmented atrophy. A., Correlated, an atrophy of certain portions of the body following the removal or destruction of other portions. Thus amputation of an arm will be followed by an atrophy of the scapula ; of a leg, by atrophy of the corresponding os innominatum. A., Cruveilhier's. See Diseases, Table of. A., Degenerative, that due to degeneration of the cells. A., Gray, a degenerative change in the optic disc in which the latter assumes a grayish color. A., Idiopathic Muscular, muscular wasting, beginning in various groups of muscles, usu- ally progressive in character, and dependent on primary changes in the muscles themselves. There is a strong hereditary predisposition to the disease. A. , Muscular, atrophy affecting muscles ; it may be hereditary or acquired, idiopathic, myelopathic, myopathic, neuro- pathic, primary, secondary, simple, or pro- gressive. A., Pigmentary, A., Pigmented, ti form of atrophy so called from a deposit of pigment (yellow or yellowish-brown) in the atrophied cells. A., Progressive Muscular ; Chronic Anterior Poliomyelitis ; Wasting Palsy. A chronic disease charac- terized by progressive wasting of individual muscles or physiologic groups of muscles, and by an associated and proportional amount of paralysis. It is due to a de- generation and atrophy of the multipolar cells in the anterior gray horns of the cord, with consecutive degeneration of the anterior nerve-roots and muscles. The right hand is usually the part first attacked, and takes on a peculiar claw-like form [main en griffe). The disease is most frequent in males of adult life, and follows excessive muscular exertion. A., Progressive Unilateral Facial, a dis- ease characterized by progressive wasting of the skin, connective tissue, fat, bone, and more rarely the muscles of one side of the face. It is most common in females ; its course is slow and generally progressive. A., Red, a form of atrophy due to chronic con- gestion, as seen in the liver in mitral and tri- cuspid valvular lesions. A., Senile, the physiologic atrophy of advanced life. It affects the lungs, the sexual and other organs. A., Serous, atrophy associated with an in- filtration of fluid into the atrophic tissues. A., Simple, that due to a decrease in the size of individual cells. A., Trophoneuro- tic, that dependent upon abnormality of the nervous supply of an organ or tissue, best illustrated in muscular atrophy from disease of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Atropina, or Atropin {at-ro-pi' '-nah ,or at'-ro- piri) [ v Arpo7roc, one of the Fates who cut the thread of life ; gen., Atropin sound; gkotceIv, to inspect]. A device for enabling a person to listen to sounds pro- duced within his own body. Autecious, or Autcecious ( aw - te f - shus ) [avrog, self; olnog, dwelling]. Applied to parasitic fungi that pass through all the stages of their existence in the same host. Autochthon (aw-tok' -thon) [avroxduv, sprung from the land]. An aboriginal inhabitant. Autochthonous (aw-tok' -thon-us) [avrox^v, sprung from the land]. Aboriginal; formed (as e. g. , a clot) in the place where it is found. Autocinesis (aw-to-sin-e'-sis) [avrog, self; KLvrjciq, motion]. Motion that is voluntary. Autocinetic (aw-to-sin-ef '-ik) [avrdg, self; nivrjGig, motion]. Possessed of the power of spontaneous motion. Autoclave (aw'-to-kldv) [avrog, self; clavis, a key]. I. Self- fastening ; closing itself. 2. An apparatus for sterilizing objects by steam- heat at high pressure. Autodidact (aw' - to - di- dakt) [avrog, self; didanroQ, taught]. One who is self-taught in his profession. Autodigestion (azv-to-di-jes'-chun) [avrdg, self; digere, to digest]. Digestion of an organ by its own secretion. Autogenesis (auto-jen'-es-is) [avrog, self; yeveaig, production]. Spontaneous gener- ation; self-production. Autogenetic (aw-to-jen-et' -ik) [avrog, self; yivEGig, production]. Produced within the organism. Autogenous ( aw-toj' -en-us) [avrog, self; yevsaig, production]. Pertaining to diseases or conditions self-produced within the body and not derived from external sources ; ap- plied to poisons generated in the body by its inherent processes. A. Hemorrhage, hem- orrhage due to causes residing within the body ; not traumatic. Autohypnotism (aw-to-hip' '-not-izm) [avrog, self; inrvog, sleep]. Mental stupor induced by dwelling intensely upon some all-absorbing thought. Autoinfection (aw-to-in-fek> '- shun) [avrog, self; infection. Infection by virus originat- ing within the body or transferred from one part of the body to another. Autoinoculable (aw-to-in-ok' -u-la-bl ) [avrog, self; inoculare, to implant]. Capable of be- ing inoculated upon the person aheady in- fected. Chancroid is autoinoculable. Autoinoculation ( azv - to-in-ok-u-la' - shun ) [avrog, self; inoctdare, to implant]. Inocu- lation in one part of the body by virus present in another part ; self-inoculation. Autointoxication (aw-to in-toks-ik-a' -shun) [avrog, self; to^ikov, a poison]. Poisoning by faulty metabolic products elaborated within the body ; autoinfection. Autokinesis {aw-to- kin-e / -sis) [avrog, self; KtvTjatg, movement]. Voluntary movement. Autokinetic (aw-to- kin- et' '-ik) [avrog, self; KivTjaig, movement]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, autokinesis. Automatic (aw-to-7nat f -ik) [avTo/uari^eiv, to act spontaneously]. Performed without the influence of the will. Automatism (aw-tom' '-at-izm) \_avTOjuaTi^etv, to act spontaneously]. The performance of acts without apparent volition, as seen in cer- tain somnambulists and in some hysteric and epileptic patients. A., Epileptic. See Au- tomatism. Automaton (aw-tom / -at-on) [avTo/uarog, spon- taneous]. One who acts in an involuntary or mechanic manner. Autonomy (aw - ton' - o - vie) [avrog, self ; vdfiog, law]. Independence. Autonomous (aw-ton-om' -us) [avrog, self; vojuog, law]. Self-ruled; independent. Autopepsia (aw-to-pep' '-se-ah) [avrog, self; ttetctsiv, to digest].' Autodigestion. Autophagia (aw-to-pha' '-je-ah) [avrog, self; (payelv, to eat]. Self-consumption; emaci- ation. Autophagy (aw-toff' '-a-je) . .See Autophag ia. Autophobia (aw-to-fo' -be-ah) [avrog, self; (/)6[3og, fear]. A morbid dread of one's self, or of solitude. Autophonous (aw-toff'-on-us) [avrog, self; (j>G)VT], voice]. Having the character of au- tophony. Autophony (aw-toff* -o-ne)[ahr6g, self; tyuvrj, voice]. I. The auscultation of the physician's own voice through the patient's chest. 2. The condition in which one's own voice appears changed. It may be due to chronic in- flammation of the ear or to other causes. Autophthalmoscopy (aw - toff- thai - ??ws / - ko-pe) [avrdg, self ; b(j)daX/n6g, the eye ; gko- Ttelv, to see]. Ophthalmoscopy performed upon one's own eye. Autoplasty (aw' ' -to-plas-te) [avrog, self; irXaGGtiv, to form] . A method of repairing the effects of a wound or lesion involving loss of tissue by grafting or implanting fresh parts taken from other portions of the patient's body. Autopsy (aw'-top-se) [avrog, self; dipig, a seeing]. The post-mortem examination. Autoscope (aw / -to-skop)[avr6g, self; gkotteIv, to see]. An instrument, e. g. , the ophthal- moscope, arranged for the examination of an organ by oneself. Autoscopy (aw-tos'-kope) [avrdg, self; gko- tteIv, to see]. The examination of one's own organs by means of an autoscope. AUTOSITE AXIS Autosite {azv' -to-slt) [avrog , self; ciroq, food]. I. A monster capable of an independent existence after birth. 2. That member of a double fetal monstrosity that nourishes itself by- its own organs and also the other member, which is called the parasite. Autositic {aw-to-sit' '-ik) [avrog, self; olrog, food]. Of the nature of an autosite. Autostethoscope [aw-to-steth' ' -o-skop) \_avrog, self; or?]doq, the breast ; gkottsIv, to exam- ine]. A stethoscope so arranged that by it one may listen to his own chest-sounds. Autosuggestion [aw-to-sug-jes' ' -chun) \_avroq, self; suggestio, an intimation]. A term sug- gested by Page for a peculiar mental con- dition, often developing after accidents, espe- cially railway accidents ; it is intimately asso- ciated with the hypnotic state. In both of these conditions the mental spontaneity, the will, or the judgment, is more or less sup- pressed or obscured, and suggestions become easy. Thus the slightest traumatic action directed to any member may become the oc- casion of a paralysis, of a contracture, or of an arthralgia. It is also called traumatic suggestion. Autotherapy (aw-to-ther' '-a-pe) [avroq, self; -&epa.ireia, a waiting on]. The spontaneous or self-cure of a disease. Autotoxemia {aw-to-toks-e f -me-ah) [avrog, self; to^lkov, a poison ; aifxa, blood] . Toxemia from poisons derived from the organism itself. Autotoxin {aw - to - to ks'- in) [abrog, self; to^ikov, a poison]. Any poisonous product of tissue-metamorphosis. Autotransfusion {aw - to - tranz -fu f - zhnri) \_avrog, self; transfusio, a pouring out or forth]. The transfer of the blood to the brain and other central organs by elevating the hips and legs, and by the use of elastic bandages compressing the limbs. Autovaccination (azv - to - vaks - in - a f - shun) [avToq, self; vaccinare , to vaccinate]. The reinsertion of fresh-vaccine lymph upon the same person from whom it is taken. Autumn Catarrh. Synonym of Hay-fever, since it occurs in August and the fall of the year. Autumnal {aw-tum'-nal) \_autumnus, au- tumn]. Pertaining to the fall of the year. A. Fever. Synonym of Typhoid Fever. Auxiliary {awks-il f -e-a-re) \_auxilium, help]. Aiding. Auxilium {azvks-iV-e-uvi) [L. , help]. A wheeled vehicle or ambulance with couch and mattresses, for use in the service of field mili- tary hospitals. Ava Kava {ah'-vah kah'-vali). See Kava- Kava. Avalanche Theory. Pniiger's theory that nerve-energy gathers intensity as it passes toward the muscles. Avascular {ah-vas' '-cul-ar) [a priv\; vasa, vessel]. Without blood; not possessing blood-vessels. Avena {av-e f -nah) [L.]. A genus of plants. Oat. A. farina, oatmeal. A. sativa, the embryo of the seed of the common oat plant. It contains starch, gluten, a ferment called diastase, and a small amount of alkaline phosphates, and is a nutritious food. Dose of the concentrated tinct. or fid. ext. TT^x— gij (0.65-8.0). The pericarp contains an alkaloid possessed of slight narcotic powers. Unof. Avenin {av-e'-niu) \_avena, the oat]. 1. A precipitate made from a tincture of avena sativa, or the oat. It is a nerve -stimulant and tonic. Unof. 2. A nitrogenous princi- ple obtained from the oat, and nearly identical with legumin ; the gluten-casein of oats. Avogadro, Law of. See Law. Avoirdupois Weight {av-or-du-poiz f -wat) [Fr., avoirdupois, to have some weight]. See Weights and Measures. Avulsion (av-ul ; -shun) \_avulsio ; avellere, to tear away]. A tearing or wrenching away of a part, as a polypus, a limb, etc. Axial {aks' -e-al) [axis, axis]. Pertaining to or situated in an axis. A. Current, the column of red corpuscles which, by reason of the weight of the cells, occupies the center or axis of the blood-stream. A. Hyperme- tropia. See Hypermetropia. A. Stream. See A. Current. Axilemma (aks-il-em' '-ah) [axis, axis ; Xe/a/ua, husk, skin]. An elastic sheath composed of neurokeratin, enclosing the axis-cylinder of medullated nerve-fibers. Axilla [aks-il f -ah) [L.: pi. , AxiUce~\. The armpit. Axillary {aks f -il-a-re) [axilla, armpit]. Per- taining to the axilla. A. Artery, the con- tinuation of the subclavian artery, extending from the lower border of the first rib to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle, where it becomes the brachial. See Arte7'ies, Table of. A. Glands, the lymphatic glands in the axilla. A. Plexus, the brachial plexus, formed by the last three cervical and the first dorsal nerves. A. Space, the irregular con- ical space of the axilla. A. Vein, a con- tinuation of the brachial vein, corresponding with the artery and terminating in the sub- clavian vein. Axis [ales' -is) [L. for axletree]. I. An im- aginary line passing through the center of a body. 2. The second cervical vertebra. 3. A short artery which breaks up into several branches, e. g. A., Thyroid ; A., Celiac. See Arteries, Table of. A., Basicranial, in craniometry, a )ine drawn from the basion to the middle of the anterior border of the cerebral surface of the sphenoid AXIS-CYLINDER AZZLE TEETH bone. A., Basifacial, in craniometry, a line drawn from the anterior border of the cerebral surface of the sphenoid to the alveolar point. A., Binauricular, in cranio- metry, the imaginary line joining the two auricular points. A., Cerebrospinal, the central nervous system. A., Frontal (of the eye), an imaginary line running through the eyeball from right to left, and corres- ponding with the movements of elevation and depression of the eyeball. A., Optic. I. The line from the center of the cornea to the macula lutea. 2. An imaginary line passing from the center of the eye-piece of a microscope through the body, objective, stage, and sub-stage, to the mirror. A., Sagittal (of the eye), an imaginary line run- ning through the eyeball from before back- ward, and conciding with the line of vision. A., Visual, the line from the object through the nodal point to the macula. Axis-cylinder (aks - is - sil f - in - der) \_axis ; cylinder] . The conducting or essential part of a nerve. It is also called the axis-cylinder of Purkinje. A. -cylinder Process, that one of the protoplasmic processes of a nerve-cell which becomes an axis-cylinder. Axis-traction (aks -is -trak'- shun) [axis; trahere, to draw]. Traction on the fetus in the axis of the pelvis. A. -traction Forceps, a forceps for performing axis- traction. Axon, Axone (aks' -on) [axis, axle-tree]. I. The body-axis. 2. An unbranched nerve- cell process of the second order. Axungia (aks-un* ' -je-ah) [L. : gen., Ax- ungice]. Fat; lard; adeps. Azalein (az-a'-le-in). Same as Rosanilin. Azedarach (az-ed ; -ar-ak) [Pers. dzdd, free ; dirakht, a tree]. Pride of China, the bark of Me Ha azedarach, an Asiatic tree natur- alized in the southern U. S. It occurs in curved pieces or quills, having a sweetish taste. A decoction, ^ ss to Oj, is used as an an- thelmintic against the round-worm. Dose ^ss-j (16.0-32.0). A., Ext. Fid. Dose 3J (4.0). Unof. A., Tinctura, 1 to 8. Dose gss-ij (2.0-8.0). Unof. Azerin (az / -er-in) [a priv.; ^r/pdi', dry]. A ferment analogous to ptyalin and found in the digestive secretions of Drosera Nepenthes, and probably all other insectivorous plants. Azobenzene (az-o-ben f -zen) [azote, nitrogen ; benzoin], C 1; ,H 10 N 2 . A compound formed by the action of sodium-amalgam upon the alcoholic solution of nitro-benzene. It forms orange- red, rhombic crystals, readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but sparingly soluble in water. It melts at 68°, and distils at 293 . Azo^compounds. In chemistry, compounds intermediate between the nitro-compounds and the amido- compounds, and made from the former by partial reduction, or from the latter by partial oxidation. Azo-dyes. A well defined group of the coal- tar colors, all containing the diatomic group — N=N — , bound on either side to a benzene radical. They may be prepared by reduction of the nitro-compounds in alkaline solutions, or by acting on diazo-compounds with phenols or amins of the aromatic series. The azo-dyes are the amido-derivatives of simple azo-compounds, and are to be distinguished as amidoazo-dyes and oxyazo-dyes. Azoic (az-o'ik) [a priv.; fw?/, life]. Destitute of living organisms. Azolitmin (az-o-lit'-mhi) [a priv.; £of/, life ; litmus], C-H 7 N0 4 . A deep blood-red color- ing matter obtained from litmus. Azoospermia (ah-zo-o-sper' '-me-aJi) [a priv.; far/, life; anepjia, seed]. Absence of, or deficient vitality of, the spermatozoa. Azote (az / -ot) [d priv. ; C,wij, life]. A syno- nym of nitrogen. Azotic acid, nitric acid. Azotemia (az-o-te / -me-ah) [azote, nitrogen ; al/xa, blood]. The presence of nitrogenous compounds in the blood ; uremia. Azotized (az / -ot-izd) [azote, nitrogen]. Nitrogenized ; containing nitrogen. Azoturia (az-o-tu' -re-ah) [azote, nitrogen ; ovpov, the urine]. An increase of the urea and urates in the urine. Azygos (az'-ig-os) [d priv. ; ^vyog, a yoke]. Applied to parts that are single, not in pairs. A. uvulae, a small muscle of the uvula. A. Vein, a vein connecting the superior and in- ferior venae cavae. Azygous (az'-ig-us) [a priv.; C,vy6c, a yoke]. Not paired. Azymia (ah-zi* '-me-ah) [a priv.; £{>/«/, a fer- ment]. Absence of ferment. Azzle Teeth (az f -l teth)[K. dial., assal teeth]. A name given to the molar teeth. B BACTERIA B B. In chemic terminology the symbol of Boron. Ba. The chemic symbol of Barium. Babbitt Metal. See Antimony. Bacca {bak'-ka) [L.]. Berry. Bacilliform {bas-il'-if-orni) \bacillum, rod; forma, form]. Having the shape or appear- ance of a bacillus. Bacilluria (bas-il-u f -re-aJi) \bacillum, a rod ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of bacilli in the urine. Bacillus {bas-iU -us) [dim. of baculum ; a small staff: pi., Bacilli ~\. I. A genus of the Schizomycetes comprising the rod-shaped forms of bacteria. 2. An individual of the genus Bacillus. 3, A medicated rod or bougie. 4. Any rod-like body, or specifi- cally, one of the retinal rods. Bacony Infiltration (ba f -kon-e in-fil-tra'- shun). Same as Amyloid Degeneration. Bacteremia {bak-ter-e' '-nie-ah) \fiaKrrjpLov, a little rod ; al/ua, blood] . The presence of bacteria in the blood. Bacterium [bak-te f -re-um) \fiaKTtjpiov, a little stick: pi. , Bacteria~\. I. A synonym of Schizomyces or microorganism. 2. The word was formerly restricted to a genus of schizomycetous fungi established by Ehren- berg (1838) and Dujardin (1841), charac- terized by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like forms, without tendency to unite into chains or filaments. Morphologically, bacteria are spheric (cocci) ; in the form of straight rods (bacilli) ; or of twisted rods (spirilla). Bac- teria are either aerobic requiring free oxy- gen, or anaerobic, not requiring free oxygen. Again, certain forms appear to possess the ability to flourish in either condition, and are known as facultative aerobic or anaerobic. Bacteria are either motile or nonmotile ; they may exist as saprophytes, facultative par- asites, strict, obligate, or true parasites Those that produce pigment are known as chromogenic ; those that produce fermenta- tion as zymogenic ; those that affect ad- versely the health of plants or animals as pathogenic. See Bacteria, Table of, and special terms under appropriate headings. TABLE OF BACTERIA.* Actinobacter polymorphus. See Bac- illus butyricus, Prazmowski. Actinomy- ces bovis, Harz. Syn. Cladothrix bovis, Cladothrix cam's, Rabe (?). Found in Actinomycosis. Occurs in grains the size of a poppy-seed ; composed of radiating threads. Stains with anilin dyes ; is not de- colorized by Gram's method. Grows on egg- albumin, gelatin, potato, and bouillon. Hqf, PS-> c hg- (Sulphur-yellow.) Anthrax bac- illus. See Bacillus anthracis. Arthrobac- terium aceti, De Bary. See Bacillus aceti. Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary. See Bacillus chlorinus. Arthrobacterium merismopcedioides, De Bary. See Bacillus merismopcedioides. Arthrobacterium pas- torianum, De Bary. See Bacillus pasteu- rianus. Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary. See Bacillus viridis. Arthrobacterium zopfii. See Bacillus zopfii. Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. Syn. Asco- coccus citreus. On the skin, in cases of ec- zema seborrhceicum. aer., Hqf., mot., chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Ascobacterium ul- vina, Van Tieghem. Short rods occurring in liquids containing decaying leguminous seeds. Ascococcus billrothii, Cohn. Lobu- lated masses, producing a viscous fermenta- tion of saccharine fluids and evolving butyric acid in solution of ammonium tartrate. Asco- coccus johnei, Cohn. See Micrococcus botryogemis. Ascococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski. See Leuconostoc ??iesenteroides. Ascococcus vibrans, Van Tieghem. Upon water containing Beggiatoa ; distinguished from A. billrothii by the whirling and oscil- lating of the cells. Bacilli of Butyric Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe and Prazmowski. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Bacilli of Fermentation of Carbo- hydrates. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe and Prazmowski. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Bacillus dysodes,Zopf. Bacillus poly mixa, Prazmowski. Bacilli of Guillebeau (a, b, c), obtained from milk of cows with mastitis; give rise to a peculiar fermentation of cheese, (a) aer., facanaer., mot., nliqf.; (b) aer., facanaer., Hqf., mot.; (c) aer. , nliqf. Bacillus aceti, Kutzing, Sommer. Syn., Arthrobacteruim aceti, De Bary. Bacillus aceticus, Flugge ; Bacterium aceti, Lanzi. Micrococcus aceti ; Mycoderma aceti, Pasteur. Ulvina aceti, Kutzing. Found in air and vinegar ; common. Large cylin- drical cells of varying size. Absorbs oxygen from air and oxidizes alcohol to acetic acid ; produces vinegar ; may, by further oxidation, convert this into carbon dioxid and water. * Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic. Hqf = liquefactive. monotn. = monomorphic. mot. = motile. nliqf. = nonliquefac- tive. nmot. = nonmotile. npg. = nonpathogenic, obi. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating, pg. = pa- thogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic. BACTERIA BACTERIA aer., nliqf, mot., npg., pleom. Bacillus aceticus, Fliigge. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitz- ing. Bacillus acidiformans, Sternberg. Obtained from the liver of a yellow fever cadaver. aer., facanaer., nliqf. , nmot., pg. Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Syn., Bac- terium lactis, Lister. Found in the air and in sour milk. aer., facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , npg. Bacillus actinobacter, Duclaux. Syn., Actinobacter polymorphus. A minute capsulated bacillus, rendering milk gelatinous and ropy, aer., nmot. See Bacillus buty- ricus, Prazmowski. Bacillus aerogenes, I, II, III, Miller. Syn., Bacterimn aero- genes, Miller. Helicobacterium aerogenes, Miller. Three small bacilli from the alimen- tary tract of healthy persons, aer. , nliqf., mot. , npg. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes , Escherich. Bacillus aerogenes capsula- tus, Welch and Nuttall. Found in the blood- vessels in a case of thoracic aneurysm, an- aer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus aero- philus, Liborius. Obtained from the air. aer.,liqf., nmot., npg. Syn., Bacille aero- phile, Fr. Bacillus aeruginosum. See Ba- cillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacillus albu- minis, Bienstock. Found abundantly in feces. Decomposes albumin , hence its name. aer., mot., npg. Bacillus albus, Becker, Eisenberg. The white bacillus of water. aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus albus an- aerobiescens, Vaughan. Found in water. aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacil- lus albus cadaveris, Strassmann and Strieker. Found in blood of cadaver, aer. , liqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus albus putridis, De Bary. Found in water, aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus allantoides, Klein. Ob- tained from the air. aer. , mot., npg. Not sufficiently studied. Bacillus allii, Griffiths. Syn., Bacterium allii. Found on surface of decaying onions, aer. , dig. (green) , npg. Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Syn., Bacillus preussii, Ciesielski. Bacillus melit- topthorus, Cohn. Bacillus of foul brood. Obtained from bee larv?e infected with " foul brood. ' ' aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , pg. Also pathogenic for mice and guinea pigs. Cf. Bacillus of Canestrini. Bacillus anaero- bicus liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained . from contents of intestine of yellow fever cadaver, anaer., liqf., nmot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus anthracis, Pol- lender and Davaine. Syn. , Bacterium an- thracicum, Bollinger. Bacteriian anthracis, Zopf. Bacterium carbunculare , Pollender, Brauell, Delafond, Davaine. Mettalacter anthracis, Trevisan. Bacille du charbon, Fr.; Milzbrand-bacillus, Ger. Found in the blood of animals and persons infected with anthrax, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus aquaticus liquefaciens, Pokrows- ky. Found in river water (Kura), and hydrant water (Tiflis). Bacillus aquatilis, Frankland. Found in well-water in the chalk- formations of Kent, Eng. aer. , liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus aquatilis sulcatus, I, II, III, IV, V, Weichselbaum. Found in hy- drant water (Vienna) . aer. , facanaer. , nliqf , mot., npg. Bacillus arborescens, Frank- land. Found in hydrant water (London). Bacillus argenteo-phosphorescens, I, II V III, Katz. Obtained respectively from sea- water, phosphorescent pieces of fish, and cuttle-fish (Sydney, N. S.W). aer., nliqf., mot. (except II), phos., npg. Bacillus ar- genteo - phosphorescens liquefaciens, Katz. Obtained from sea- water, near Syd- ney, N. S. W. aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., phos., npg. Bacillus aurantiacus, Frank- land. Found in well-water, aer., nliqf , mot., chg. (orange), npg. Bacillus aureus, Adametz. Found in water ; also on the skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum, Unna and Tommasoli. aer. , nliqf. , mot., chg. (golden yellow). Bacillus b, Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus B., Hofmann. Found in the larvse of Liparis monacha. The cause of Flacherie, or Schlaffsucht. Bacillus beribericus, Lacerda. Syn., Micrococcus of beriberi, Lacerda ; Neisseria winkleri. Found by Lacerda, Pekelharing and Wink- ler, in the blood of persons affected with beri- beri. Negative results were obtained by Eykmann and Sternberg. See Beri-beri. Bacillus berolinensis indicus, Classen. Found in water of the Spree, aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (indigo-blue) , npg. Bacillus bien- stockii, Bienstock. Found in human feces. mot., pg. Bacillus brassicae, Pommer. Found in infusions of cabbage-leaves, aer., facanaer., liqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus brunneus, Adametz and Weichmann. Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Syn., Bacillus ulna, Vignal. Bacillus a, Vignal ; Bacillus b, Vignal ; Bacillus f Vignal ; Bacillus g, Vignal ; Bacillus j , Vignal. Bacillus buc- calis fortuities, Vignal. Bacillus buccalis mi- nutus, Vignal. Leptothrix buccalis. Vignal. From the salivary secretions of healthy per- sons, aer., liqf. , npg., chg. (golden yellow). Bacillus buccalis maximus, Miller. Found in the mouth of man. Common. Biologic characters undetermined. Bacillus buccalis minutus, Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Syn., Bacille butylique, Fr. See Bacillus butvricus, Hueppe. Bacillus butyricus, Botkin, Hueppe, Prazmowski. Obtained from milk, hydrant water, and well water, old cheese, garden earth, dust, etc. Syn., Actinobacter polymorphus, Duclaux. Amy- lobacter Clostridium, Trecul. Bacillus actino- BACTERIA BACTERIA barter, Duclaux. Bacillus amylobacter, Van Tieghem. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Bac- terium navicula, Reinke and Berthold. Clos- tridium butyricum, Prazmowski. Micrococ- cus amylovorus, Burrill. Vibrione butyrique, Pasteur. Bacillus of butyric acid fermenta- tion ; Bacillus of fire-blight ; Bacillus of pear- blight ; Micrococcus of apple-blight ; Micro- coccus of pear-blight. One of the most widely diffused forms, exceedingly important and varied in its powers of decomposition. It is typically anaerobic and the chief of all the ferments giving rise to butyric acid as a prim- ary product. It plays an important part in the human economy and in the destruction of plant cellulose. Botkin regards the form observed by him as distinct, aer., anaer., liqf., mot., npg., pleom. Bacillus butyri fluorescens, Lafar. Occurring in every sam- ple of natural butter examined. See Bac- terium butyri colloideum, Lafar. Bacillus melochloros, Winkler and Schroter. Bacillus butyri viscosus, Lafar. Found in butter. aer., nliqf., npg. Bacillus cadaveris, Sternberg ; obtained from yellow fever cada- vers, obi. , anaer. (strict), nmot., pg. Ba- cillus canalis capsulatus, Mori. Found in sewer water. aer. , facanaer., nliqf., nmot. , pg. (for mice ; guinea pigs and rab- bits immune). Bacillus canalis parvus, Mori. Found in sewer water, aer. , nliqf., nmot., pg. (for mice and guinea pigs). Ba- cillus candicans, Frankland. Found in soil. aer. , nliqf. nmot., npg. Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Obtained from the blood of a guinea pig. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. (for white mice and house mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and pigeons (septicemia). Bacillus capsulatus mucosus, Fasching. Found in the nasal secretions of man in cases of influenza, aer., facanaer., nmot., nliqf., Pg. (for white mice and field mice), npg. (for rabbits and pigeons). Bacillus capsulatus smithii, a, b, c, Theobald Smith. Syn., Cap- sule-bacillus of Smith. Found in the intes- tines of swine, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , npg. According to Smith, possibly identical with Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. Bacillus carabiformis, Kaczynsky. Found in the stomach of meat-fed dogs, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus carotarum, A. Koch. Obtained from cooked carrots and sugar beets, aer., liqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus catenula, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix cate- nula. Found in cheese, anaer. (will, how- ever grow in air) , nmot. , npg. Bacillus cau- casicus, Kern. Syn. , Bacterium caucasicum. Dispora caucasica, Kern. Used in the pre- paration of the peculiar milk- wine, " Kefir." aer. , facanaer. , nmot. , npg. Bacillus caviae fortuitus, Sternberg. Found in exudates of guinea pig inoculated with liver from yellow fever cadaver, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus cavicida, Brieger. See Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Bacillus cavi- cida havaniensis, Sternberg. Obtained from intestine of yellow fever cadaver. aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot. Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Syn., Bacillus cavi- cida. Brieger' s bacillus. Obtained from human feces. aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. (not for rabbits or mice). Perhaps identical with Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Ba- cillus chauvaei, Bollinger and Feser, Arlo- ing, Cornevin, and Thomas. Syn., Bacillus of symptomatic anthrax. Bacille du charbon symtomatique. Rauschbrandbacillus. Clos- tridium of symptomatic anthrax, Neelsen and Ehlers. Found in tissues of cattle suf- fering from symptomatic anthrax, " black leg," or " quarter evil. " anaer., liqf., ??wt., pg. Bacillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Syn., Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary. Bac- terium chlorinum, Engelmann. Found in infusions of decaying vegetable matter, aer., sap., chg. (green), npg. Bacillus choleras asiaticae, Koch. See Spirillu??i cholei-ce asiaticcz, Koch. Bacillus cholerae galli- narum, Fliigge. See Bacillus septiccei?ii(B hce?norrhagicce , Sternberg. Bacillus chro- moaromaticus, Galtier. Obtained from the carcass of a diseased pig. aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus circulans, Jordan. Found in the water of Merrimac River, aer. , facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus citreus. See Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. Bacillus citreus cadaveris, Strassmann. Found in cadaver, aer. , liqf. , nmot. , chg. (yellow). Bacillus claviformis, Duclaux. Syn. , Tyrothrix claviformis , Duclaux. Found in fermenting casein. anaer., pg. Bacillus cloacae, Jordan. One of the most common microbes in sewage, aer. , facan- aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus cceruleus, Smith. Found in river water (Schuykill). aer., liqf., chg. (blue), npg. Bacillus coli communis. See Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacillus coli similis, Stern- berg. Obtained from human liver. aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus constrictus, Zimmermann. Found in water. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf , mot. , chg. (cadmium yellow), npg. Bacillus coprogenes fceti- dus, Schottelius. Obtained from intestinal contents of pigs dead of malignant erysipelas. aer. , nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus copro- genes parvus. Obtained from human feces. aer., nliqf., nmot. , pg. Bacillus crassus, Van Tieghem. The broadest known bacte- rium, 4 [x. mot., npg. Bacillus crassus sputigenus, Kreibohm. Syn. , Bacillus sputigenus crassus. From the sputum and tongue of man. aer. , nliqf , nmot. , pg. BACTERIA BACTERIA Bacillus crystallosus. Bacillus cunea- tus. Syn., Bacterimn cuneatum, Rivolta. Found in the blood and viscera of horses, cattle, and dogs dead of septic processes, pg. Bacillus cuniculicidus, Koch. See Ba- cillus septicemia hcemorrhagica , Sternberg. Bacillus cuniculicida havaniensis, Stern- berg. Found in viscera of yellow fever ca- davers, aer., facanaer., nliqf. , pg. Bacil- lus cuticularis, Tils. Found in water, aer. , liqf., mot., chg. (yellow), npg. Bacillus cyaneophosphorescens, Katz. Obtained from sea water (Australia). aer.,facanaer. liqf., mot., phos., chg. (greenish), npg. Bacillus cyanofuscus, Beyerinck. Ob tained from glue and Edam cheese, aer. chg. (green, changing to blue, brown, black) liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus cyanogenus Fuchs. Hueppe, Neelsen. Syn., Bacillus lactis cyanogenus. Bacillus syncyanum. Bac- terium cyanogenum, Fuchs, Bacterium syncy- anum, Ehrenberg, Schroter. Vibrio cyano- genus. Fuchs. Vibrio syncyanus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus of blue milk. Found in milk. aer. , nliqf, mot., chg. (grayish blue), npg. Ba- cillus cystiformis, Clado. Found in urine of patient with cystitis, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus delicatulus, Jordan. Pound in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus dentalis viri- dans, Miller. Syn., Miller's bacillus. Found in carious dentine, aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. Bacillus denitrificans, Giltay and Aberson. Obtained from the soil, air, and sewage, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Cf. Bacterium denitrificans, Gayon and Dupetit. Bacillus devorans, Zimmermann. Found in well water, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus diffusus, Frankland. Found in the soil. aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus diphtherise, Klebs and Loffler. Syn., Ba- cillus diphtheriticus , Bacillus diphtheritidis , Micrococcus diphtheriticus, Cohn. Found in diphtheritic false membranes, aer. , nliqf., nmot. , facanaer. , pg. Bacillus diphtheriae columbarum, Loffler. From the pseudo- membranes in the mouths of pigeons infected with pigeon diphtheria, aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus diphtheriae vitulorum, Loffler. From the pseudomembranes in the mouths of calves infected with epidemic diphtheria ; culture experiments unsuccess- ful, pg. Rabbits and guinea pigs immune. Bacillus diphtheriticus, Bacillus diph- theridis, Bacillus diphtheritis. See Ba- cillus diphtherice, Klebs and Loffler. Bacil- lus distortus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyroth?-ix distortus. Found in milk and cheese, aer., mot., npg. Bacillus dysenterise, Chante- messe and Widal. Found in the intestinal contents and viscera of dysentery cadavers. aer., nliqf, pg. Bacillus dysodes, Zopf. Syn., Bacterium dysodes. Found in yeast, inducing fermentative changes in bread, causing it to smell disagreeably and to be- come greasy and unfit for use. Bacillus Emmerich. See Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich. Bacillus endocarditidis cap- sulatus, Weichselbaum. From viscera of man who died of endocarditis with thrombi. aer., nliqf., pg. Bacillus endocarditidis griseus, Weichselbaum. From the heart in a case of endocarditis recurrens ulcerosa. aer., nliqf, mot.,pg. Bacillus enteritidis, Gartner. Obtained from the tissues of a cow killed on account of sickness attended with mucous diarrhea, and from the spleen of a man who died shortly after eating of the flesh of this cow. aer. , nliqf, mot., pg. Dogs, cats, chickens, and sparrows are im- mune. Bacillus epidermidis, Bizzozero. Syn., Leptothrix epidermidis, Microsporon minutissimum , Burchart. From the epider- mis between the toes. aer., nliqf., npg. Bacillus epidermidis, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. See Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus Epsi- lon, von Miller. See Spirillum, Finkler- Prior. Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch, Loffler, Schutz, Pasteur. Syn., Bacillus erysipelas malignum, Bacillus minimus, Ba- cillus murisepticus , Fliigge. Bacillus septi- cus, Koch. Bacillus of mouse septicemia. Bacillus of hog erysipelas. First obtained by Koch by injecting putrefying flesh beneath the skin of mice, afterward by Loffler and Schutz from carcasses of swine dead of "Rotlauf." aer. , facanaer., nliqf, pg. Bacillus erysipelatos leporis, Koch. Ba- cillus of erysipelas in the rabbit. Found in the erysipelatous inflammation in a rabbit's ear caused by the injection of mouse's dung. Bacillus erythrosporus, Eidam, Cohn, and Miflet. Found in putrefying albuminous fluids, water, etc. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (greenish yellow, fluorescent), npg. Ba- cillus ethaceticus, Frankland. Cause of fermentation of arabinose. Bacillus ex penumo-enteritide suis, E. Klein, Schutz, Salmon, Cornil, Chantemesse, Selander. Ba- cillus of hog cholera. Found in the in- testinal contents, blood, and viscera of swine dead of hog cholera, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot.,pg. Bacillus /, Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus facul- tatus, Sadebeck and E. Frankel. Found in non-malignant pharyngeal mycosis. Bacil- lus fcetidus, Liborius. Syn., Bacterium fitidum. Clostridium fcetidus, Liborius. Obtained from soil. anaer., liqf, mot. Bacillus fcetidus lactis, Jensen. From milk, aer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus fceti- dus ozaenae, Hajek. Obtained from nasal secretions of patients with ozena. aer. , facanaer., liqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus figu- BACTERIA BACTERIA rans, Crookshank. See Bacillus mesenteri- cus vulgatus. Bacillus figurans, Vaughan. Found in water. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus filiformis, Duclaux. Syn., Tyro- thrix filiformis. Found in cheese and milk. aer., mot., npg. Bacillus filiformis, Tils. Found in water, aer. , liqf., oscl., npg. Ba- cillus filiformis havaniensis, Sternberg. From the liver of a yellow fever cadaver. anaer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Ba- cillus fitzianus, Zopf. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacillus flavescens, Pohl. Found in swamp water, aer., nliqf, chg. (yellow). Bacillus flavocoriaceus, Eisenberg. Syn., Sulphur yellow bacillus (Adametz). Found in water, aer., nliqf., nmot., chg. (sulphur yellow), «#£■. Bacillus fiavus, Mace. Found in drinking water, aer. , liqf, chg. (golden yellow), nmot. Bacillus fluorescens au- reus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer. , nliqf., mot., chg. (ocher yellow), npg. Bacillus fluorescens longus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (grayish yellow), npg. Bacillus fluo- rescens liquefaciens, Fliigge. Common in water and putrefying infusions. aer., liqf., mot., chg. (greenish yellow), npg. Cf. Bacillus viscosus, Frankland. Bacillus fluorescens liquefaciens minutissimus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found upon skin in cases of eczema seborrhoeicum. aer., faca- naer., liqf., mot., chg. (greenish yellow), npg. Possibly identical with the preceding species. Bacillus fluorescens nivalis, Schmoick. Syn., Bacillus nivalis. Glacier bacillus. Found in snow and ice water from Norwegian glaciers, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (bluish green). npg- Bacillus fluorescens nonliquefaciens, Schiller. Bacillus fluorescens putidus, Fliigge. Found in water, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , chg. (greenish), npg. Bacillus fluorescens tenuis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer. , nliqf, nmot. chg. (greenish yellow), npg. Bacillus fcetidus, Passet. Syn., Bacterium foctidum, Thin. Clostridium fcetidum, Liborius. Corpuscles brillants. Found in cases of fetid sweating feet, in the exudations of mice inoculated with garden earth, and in cases of malig- nant edema, anaer., liqf., mot., npg. Ba- cillus fcetidus lactis, Jensen. Found in milk, aer., nliqf, npg. Resembles Ba- cillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacillus fulvus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer. , liqf, nmot., chg. (gamboge yellow), npg. Bacillus fuscus. Obtained from a putrefying infusion of maize, from the air, etc. Cf. Bacterium brunneum, Schroter. Bacillus fuscus limbatus. Scheibenzuber. Obtained from rotten eggs, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., chg. (brown), npg. Bacillus gallinarum, Klein. Found in blood of chickens dead from a disease resembling chicken-cholera. aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus gaso- formans, Eisenberg. Found in water, aer. , facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus gay- toni, Cheshire. The cause of a disease of honey-bees. Cf. Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacillus geniculatus, De Bary. Syn., Tyrothrix geniculatus, Du- claux, Bacterium en zigzag, Fr. Found in the contents of the stomach, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus gingivae, Miller. Bacillus gingivae pyogenes, Miller. See Bacterium gingiva? pyogenes, Miller. Found in a filthy mouth and in purulent dental pulp, aer., facanaer., liqf ., pg. (for white mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits). Bacillus glaucus, Maschek. Found in water, aer. , liqf, nmot., chg. (gray), npg. Bacillus gliscrogenus. See Bacterium gliscroge- num, Malerba. Bacillus glycerinae, Buch- ner. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacillus gracilis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz). aer. , facanaer., liqf., oscl., npg. Bacillus gracilis anaerobies- cens, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus gra- cilis cadaveris, Sternberg. Obtained from human liver, aer., facanaer., nmot., nliqf., pg. Bacillus granulosus, Russel. Found in mud (Bay of Naples), aer., facanaer., liqf., nmot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus graveolens, Bordoni and Uffre- duzzi. Found on epidermis between the toes of man. aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus guttatus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz). aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus halophilus, Russel. Obtained from water and mud (Bay of Naples), aer., liqf, mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus hansenii, Raspmus- sen. Found in various nutrient liquids, aer., mot., chg. (chrome yellow to yellowish brown). Bacillus havaniensis, Sternberg. Syn., Micrococcus havaniensis, (?) Sternberg. Bacillus havaniensis liquefaciens, Stern- berg. Obtained from the surface of the body of patients in the hospital at Havana, aer., nliqf., chg. (blood-red). Bacillus helvolus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz). aer., liqf, mot. (rotary only), chg. (Naples yellow), npg. Bacillus heminecrobiophilus, Arloing. Found in a caseous lymphatic gland of a guinea pig. aer. , facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus hepaticus fortuitus, Sternberg. Obtained from the exudations of a guinea-pig inocu- lated with liver from a yellow fever patient. aer. , nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus hessii, Guillebeau. Found in cow's milk, aer, , BACTERIA BACTERIA liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus hominis capsulatus, Bordoni- Uffreduzzi. Syn., Proteus capsulatus septicus, Banti. Proteus hominis capsulatus. Bordoni- Uffreduzzi. Bacillus of rag-picker's disease. Obtained from persons dead from rag-picker's disease. aer., nliqf , nmot., pg. Bacillus hyacinthi septicus, Heinz. Found in diseased hyacinths, aer., facanaer, nliqf, mot., npg. Cf. Bacterium hyacinthi, Wak- ker. Bacillus hyalinus, Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer. , facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Reduces nitrates rapidly. Bacillus hydrophilus fuscus, Sanarelli. From the lymph of diseased frogs. aer. , liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus implexus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer. , liqf-, mot., npg. Bacillus incanus, Pohl. Found in swamp water. aer. , liqf. , mot. Not sufficiently studied. Bacillus indicus, Koch. Syn., Bacillus indicus ruber, Koch. Micrococcus indicus, Koch. Found in the intestinal contents of a monkey, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., chg. (brick-red), pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus indigoferus, Classen. Found in river water (Spree), aer. , nliqf., mot., chg. (deep indigo blue), npg. Bacillus indigo- genus, Alvarez. Found in an infusion of the leaves of the indigo plant. {Indigofera tinctoria, L.). aer., mot., chg. (indigo blue), pg. Bacillus inflatus, A. Koch. Obtained from the air. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacil- lus intestinus motilis, Sternberg. From the intestinal contents of yellow fever cada- vers, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus inunctus, Pohl. Found in swamp water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot. Path- ogenesis not determined. Bacillus in- visibilis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer. , facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus iodo- coccus vaginatus, Miller. See Iodococcus vaginatus. Bacillus iris, Frick. aer., nliqf, nmot. (green), npg. Bacillus jan- thinus, Zopf. Syn., Bacterium janthinus, Zopf. Violet bacillus, found in sewage (Law T rence, Mass.). aer., liqf, mot., chg., (bluish violet), npg. Bacillus klebsii. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacil- lus lacticus, Pasteur. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacillus lactis aero- genes, Escherich and Abelous. Syn., Bacillus aerogenes, Bacillus capstilatus, Smith. Bacterium lactis aerogenes., Escher- ich. Found in the stomach and intestine of healthy adults, aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus lactis albus, Loffier. Found in milk aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus lactis cyanogenus. See Bacillus cyano- genus, Hueppe. Bacillus lactis erythro- genes, Hueppe and Baginsky. Syn., Bacillus of red milk. Found in milk and the feces of a child, aer. , liqf., nmot., chg., (yellow and red), npg. Bacillus lactis pituitosi, Loffier. Syn., Bacillus lactis viscosus, Adametz. Found in milk, aer., nliqf., npg. Bacillus lactis viscosus, Adametz. Found in ropy milk. aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Capsulated. Bacillus latericeus, Eisenberg. Found in water. aer., nliqf, nmot., chg. (brick-red), npg. Bacillus leiodermos, Loffier. Syn., Bacil- lus liodermos, Fliigge. Bacillus leporis lethalis, Gibier and Sternberg. From the intestinal contents of yellow fever patients. aer., liqf., mot., pg. Bacillus leprae, Ar- mauer and Hansen. Found in leprous tubercles. Cannot be cultivated in ordinary media. Specific pathogenesis settled by in- oculation of a condemned criminal. Bacillus leptosporus, L. Klein. Obtained from the air. aer. , mot., npg. Bacillus lethalis, Babes. Syn., Proteus lethalis. Obtained from spleen and lung of patient dead of septicemia, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., pg. Bacillus limbatus acidi lactici, Marpmann. Found in cow's milk. aer. , nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus limosus, Russel. Obtained from mud (Bay of Naples), aer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus lineola. See Bac- terium lineola, Cohn. Bacillus liodermos, Fliigge. See Bacillus leiodermos, Loffier. Bacillus liquefaciens, Eisenberg. Found in water, aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus liquefaciens bovis, Arloing. Syn., Pneu- mobacillns liqtiefaciens bovis. From the lungs of a diseased ox. aer. , facanaer., liqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus liquefaciens communis, Sternberg. Obtained from the feces of yellow fever patients, aer . , facanaer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus liquefaciens magnus, Liideritz. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated with garden earth. anaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus lique- faciens parvus, Liideritz. Source same as last, anaer., liqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus liquidus, Frankland. Found in river water (Thames). Common. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus litoralis, Russel. Obtained from mud (Bay of Naples), aer., facanaer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus lividus, Plagge and Proskauer. Found in hydrant water (Berlin), aer. , facanaer., liqf., mot., chg. (brick -red), npg. Bacillus lucens, Van Tieghem. Syn., Bacterium lucens, Van Tieghem. Found on the surface of water, aer. , nmot. Bril- liant. Bacillus luteus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacterium luteum. Found in superficial layers of gelatin plate culture, aer. , nmot. , nliqf., chg. (yellow), npg. Bacillus luteus suis, Salmon and Smith. Found in die perivisceral fluids of swine, aer. , liqf-, mot., BACTERIA BACTERIA chg. (yellow red). Smells like glue. Bacillus lyssae, Pasteur. Syn., Coccobac- terium lysscz, Rivolta. Lissophyton suspec- tum, Hallier. Cf. Bacterium septicum sputi- gemwi, Fraenkel. Found in saliva of hydro- phobic patients and animals. Cf. Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Bacillus mai- dis, Cuboni. From macerated corn and the feces of pellagra patients. aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus malandrise, Israel. See Bacillus mallei, Loffler. Bacillus malariae, Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. Bacillus of the blood. Obtained from the soil and air of the Campagna, from swamps, from the blood of malarial patients, etc. Pathogenesis disputed. Bacillus mallei, Loffler. Syn., Bacillus malandrice, Israel. Found in the nasal dis- charges, nodules, etc. , of animals with glanders. aer. , facanaer., mot. (strictly parasitic), pg. (proven by inoculation). Bacillus martinez, Sternberg. Obtained from the liver of a yellow fever cadaver. aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacil- lus megatherium, De Bary. Found on the leaves of boiled cabbage. aer. , liqf., mot. , npg. Bacillus melittopthorus. See Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacillus melochloros, Winkler and Schrotter. Syn., Bacillus butyrifluorescens, Lafar. Obtained from the dejections of the larva in a wormy apple, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (emerald green), pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus membranaceus amethystinus, Eisenberg. Found in well water (Spalato). aer. , liqf., nmot., chg. (dark violet), npg. Bacillus meningitidis purulentae, Nau- mann and Schaffer. Obtained from pus taken from beneath the pia mater in a person dead of purulent meningitis, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus merismopce- dioides, Zopf. Syn., Arthrobacterium or Bacterium meris7?iopcedioides, De Bary. Obtained from sewage mud ; the type of the so-called "tablet-cocci." Bacillus me- sentericus fuscus, Fliigge. Potato bacil- lus. Obtained from the air, hay dust, water, etc. Common. aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus mesentericus ruber, Globig. Potato bacillus. Found upon potatoes, aer., liqf., mot , chg. (reddish yellow or pink), npg. Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacillus figurans, Crook- shank. Proteus vulgaris. Potato bacillus. Common. Found in potatoes, water, milk, intestinal contents of man, etc. aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus miniaceus. See Bacilhis ruber. Bacillus minimus, Klebs. See Ba- cillus erysipelatos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus miriabilis, Hauser. Syn., Proteus mira- bilis. Obtained from decaying animal mat- ter, aer., facanaer., liqf. , mot., pg. Bacil- lus mollusci, Domenico. Found in mol- luscum contagiosum ; resembles somewhat Bacillus leprce and Bacillus malaria;. Pa- thogenesis disputed, the disease being at- tributed by some to psorosperms. Bacillus multipediculosus, Fliigge. Found in air and water, aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Ba- cillus murisepticus, Fliigge. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch. Bacillus muri- septicus pleomorphus, Karlinski. Found in purulent uterine discharges, aer., faca- naer. , liqf , mot., pg. Probably identical with Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. Bacillus mus- coides Liborius, Fliigge. Found in soil, old cheese, cow -dung, etc. anaer. ,nliqf. ,mot.,npg. Bacillus mycoides, Fliigge. Common in soil and water, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Ba- cillus mycoides roseus, Scholl. Found in the soil. aer. , liqf, chg. (red), npg. Ba- cillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Syn., Ba- cillus coli commtinis, Bacterium coli commune, Escherich, Bacterium neapolitanum, Colon bacillus of Escherich. Bacillus of Booker, a to n. A normal inhabitant of the intestine of man ; resembles the bacillus of typhoid fever, differing from it in producing gas, coagulat- ing milk, forming lactic acid in media con- taining lactose or glucose, in producing indol, in being nonmotile, and in giving a visible growth on potato. It is the cause of certain forms of suppuration in the peritoneum, liver, pelvis of kidney, urethra, etc. aer., faca- naer, nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus necro- phorus, Loffler. Obtained from rabbits after inoculation in the anterior chamber of the eye with portions of condyloma. aer. , facanaer., nliqf., pleom., pg. Bacillus nodosus parvus, Lustgarten. From the healthy urethra of man. aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus cedematis aerobicus. A new bacillus of malignant ede- ma, Klein. Found in the exudates of guinea pigs after inoculating with garden earth. aer., facanaer., nliqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Syn., Bacillus ozdematis, Koch ; Bacillus septicus, Pasteur. Bacillus of gangrene, Bacillus of gangrenous septicemia. Pink bacillus of spreading edema, A. B. Harris. A widely scattered species, obtained from surface soil, dust, putrefying matter, foul water, etc., and from the exudates produced by inoculating animals with garden earth, anaer. , liqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus of Afanassiew. See Bacillus tussis convulsivce. Bacillus of Albuminous Decomposition. See Bacillus putrifcus coli. Bacillus of Allantiasis, Midler, Hoppe-Seyler. See also Sarcina botulina, Van den Corput. Cf. Bacillus of choleraic diarrhea from meat-poisoning, Klein. Found in poisonous sausages, particularly in " Blunzen." aer,, liqf, pg. Bacillus of Alopecia areata, Kasauli. Found at BACTERIA BACTERIA tached to the hairs from the diseased patches ; easily cultivated. See Micrococcus of Alo- pecia areata, and Bacterium decalvans. Ba- cillus of Babes and Oprescu. Obtained from a case presenting symptoms of typhus fever. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf , mot. , pg. Bacillus of Belfanti and Pascarola. Syn., Impftetanusbacillus, Ger. From the pus of wounds in a person dead of teta- nus, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus of Beri-beri, Eykmann. See Bacillus beribericus, Lacerda. Bacillus of Blue Milk. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacillus of Blue or Green Pus. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacillus of Booker, a to n. Found in alvine dis- charges of children suffering from cholera infantum ; probably varieties of Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacillus of Bo- vet. Obtained from the intestines of a woman dead of acute choleraic enteritis. aer. , nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus of Braxy. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Bacillus of Bronchitis, Lum- nitzer. Syn., Bacillus of Lumnitzer. From the bronchial secretions in cases of putrid bronchitis, aer. , mot. Cf. Micrococcus of bronchitis, Picchini. Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyr- icus, Prazmowski. Bacillus of Carcinoma, Rappin and Scheurlen and Domingo-Freire. See Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus of Canestrini. Found in larvae and bees suf- fering from a malady common among bees in certain parts of Italy, aer. , liqf, mot., chg. (pink), pg. Bacillus of Canon and Pielicke. See Bacillus of measles. Bacil- lus of Cattle Plague, Metschnikoff. See Bacillus septicccmice hamorrhagica, Stern- berg. Bacillus of Cazal and Vaillard. Obtained from cheesy nodules upon the peri- toneum and in the pancreas, aer. , facanaer. , liqf., mot., pg. Bacillus of Chancroid, Ducrey. Found in pustules developed upon the arm from the inoculation of chancroidal virus ; does not grow in artificial cultures. Cf. Micrococcus ulceris mollis. Bacillus of Cheese. See Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Bacillus of Chicken Cholera. See Bacillus septicemia hai7iorrhagica , Stern- berg. Bacillus of Cholera. See Spirillum cholera: asiatica, Koch. Bacillus of Chol- eraic Diarrhea from Meat Poisoning, Klein. Found in the blood and feces of persons poisoned with tainted meat. Cf. Bacillus of allantiasis, Miiller and Hoppe- Seyler. Bacillus of Cholera in Ducks, Cornil and Toupet. Obtained from the blood of ducks that had died of an epidemic disease characterized by choleraic symptoms, aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. (for ducks, but not for chickens or pigeons). Bacillus of Chyl- uria, Wilson. Found in the coagulum of chylous urine, aer., facanaer. , mot. Bacil- lus of Colomiatti. Obtained from cases of conjunctivitis and xerotic masses in the eye. aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Cf. Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunctivae, Leber. Ba- cillus of Conjunctival Catarrh, Koch. Bacillus of conjunctivitis, Bacillus of pink eye, Weeks, aer. , nliqf. , pg. Resembles Bacillus xerosis. Bacillus of Dantec. Syn., Bacille du rouge de morue, Fr. Ob- tained from salted codfish to which it gives a, red color, aer. , liqf., mot., chg. (red), npg. Bacillus of Davaine's Septicemia. See Bacillus septic(zmice hccmorrhagicce , Stern- berg. Bacillus of Demme. Obtained from the contents of tumors and pustules and from the blood of patients suffering from erythema nodosum. aer. , facanaer., (?) nliqf., pg. (to guinea pigs ; rabbits, dogs, and goats refractory). Bacillus of Diphtheria in Calves. See Bacillus diphtheria vitu- lorum, Loffier. Bacillus of Diphtheria in Doves. See Bacillus diphtherice colum- barum, Loffier. Bacillus of Diphtheria in Man. See Bacillus diphtherice, Klebs and Loffier. Bacillus of Doderlein. See Bacillus vaginalis, Doderlein. Bacillus of Endocarditis. See Bacillus pyogenes fceti- dus, Frankel and Saenger. Bacillus of Egyptian Catarrhal Conjunctivitis. See Bacillus of Kartulis. Bacillus of Ery- sipelas in the Rabbit, Koch. See Bacillus erysipelatos leporis, Koch. Bacillus of False Hog Cholera. See Bacillus parvus ovatus, Loffier. Bacillus of False Tuber- culosis in Rabbits. See Bacillus of pseudo- tuberculosis in rabbits, Malassez and Vignal. Bacillus of Fiocca. Found in the saliva of cats and dogs. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. (for rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice). Bacillus of Foot Sweat. See Bacillus fcetidus, Bacillus saprogenes No. II. and Bacillus graveolens. Bacillus of Foul Brood of Bees. See Bacillus alvei, Che- shire and Cheyne. Bacillus of Fowl Cholera. See Bacillus septicamia hamor- rhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus of Fried- lander. See Bacillus pneumoniae fried- landeri. Bacillus of Fulles, III. Bacil- lus of Gangrene. See Bacillus ocdematis maligni, Koch, Bacillus saprogenes, III, Rosenbach, and Bacillus of senile gangrene. Bacillus of Gangrenous Septicemia. See Bacillus oedematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus of Gessner. See Bacterium tholoidcum, Gessner. Bacillus of Glanders. See Bacillus mallei, Loffier. Bacillus of Green Diarrhea in Children, Lesage. See Bacil- lus of Lesage. Bacillus of Green Pus. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacil- lus of Grouse Disease, Klein. Obtained BACTERIA BACTERIA from the lungs and liver of grouse that had died of an epidemic disease, aer. , nliqf., mnot., pg. (for mice, guinea-pigs, linnets, green finches, sparrows ; chickens, pigeons, and rabbits immune). Bacillus of Hay- Infusions. See Bacillus szibtilis ,~Ehrenberg. Bacillus heminecrobiophilus, Arloing. Obtained from the callous lymphatic glands of a guinea pig. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pleom., pg. Bacillus of Hog Cholera, Salmon and Smith. See Bacillus ex pneumo- enieritide suis, Klein. Bacillus of Hog Erysipelas. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus of Horse Pox, Dieck- erhoff and Grawitz. Syn. , Bacillus of acne contagiosa of horses. Obtained from the pustules of horses suffering from acne con- tagiosa, aer. , nliqf., pg. Bacillus of Hydrophobia. See Bacillus lyssce, Pasteur. Bacillus of Icterus, Karlinsky and Du- camp. Found in the blood during an attack of infectious icterus. Did not thrive on ordinary culture media. Bacillus of Influ- enza, Pfeiffer, Kitasato, and Canon. Influ- enza bacillus. Found in the purulent bron- chial secretions and in the blood of persons suffering from epidemic influenza. aer., nmot., pg. Cf. Micrococcus influenzce. Letz- erich. Bacillus of Intestinal- Diphtheria in Rabbits, Ribbert. Obtained from the viscera of rabbits dead of a disease character- ized by a diphtheritic inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane, aer. , nliqf, nmot., (?) pg. Bacillus of Jeffries. A group (A, G, J, K, P, S, Z,) of bacilli, resembling Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich, and Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. Found in the alvine discharges of children suffering from summer diarrhea. anaer., npg. Bacillus of Jequirity Ophthalmia, DeWecker and Sattler. Found in cases of jequirity ophthalmia and in infusions of jequirity seeds (Abrus precatorius) , the sup- posed source of Abrin. aer., liqf, mot., npg. The disease is now held to be caused by a soluble poison, jequiritin. Bacillus of Karlinski. See Bacillus murisepticus pleo- morphics, Karlinski. Bacillus of Kartulis, Koch and Kartulis. Obtained from the con- junctiva in cases of Egyptian catarrhal con- junctivitis, aer. Pathogenesis not well de- termined. Bacillus of Koubasoff. Ob- tained from carcinomatous growth in the human stomach. aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., pg. (for guinea pigs and rabbits). Cf. Bacillus of Scheuerlen. Bacillus of Lactic Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacillus of Laser. Ob- tained from mice infected with an epidemic disease, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. (for field-mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits and pigeons). Bacillus of Leprosy. See Bacillus lepra, Hansen. Bacillus of Les- age. Bacillus of green diarrhea in child- ren. Obtained in the green alvine dis- charges of infants suffering from green diar- rhea, aer. , nliqf., mot., pg. According to Baumgarten identical with Bacillus fluor- escens non-liquefaciens, Schiller. Bacillus of Letzerich. Obtained from the urine of children suffering from nephritis interstitialis primaria. aer. , liqf, pg. Bacillus of Liborius. See Bacillus amylobacter, Praz- mowski. Bacillus of Lichen Ruber, Laser. Found in the lymph passages in cases of lichen ruber. Bacillus of Lucet. Ob- tained from chickens and turkeys suffering from an infectious form of septicemia char- acterized by dysenteric discharges. aer., facanaer. , nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus of Lumnitzer. See Bacillus of Bronchitis. Bacillus of Lupus. See Bacillus tubercu- losis, Koch. Bacillus of Lustgarten. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacillus of Lymph in Fishes, Oliver and Richet. Observed in the lymph of certain fishes, aer. , mot., npg. Bacillus of Malaria. See Bacillus malarice, Klebs and Tommasi- Crudeli. Bacillus of Malignant Edema. See Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Ba- cillus of Measles, Canon and Pielicke. Syn., Bacillus of Canon and Pielicke. Found in the blood and in the secretions of the nose and conjunctiva of persons with measles. Cf. Micrococcus of measles, Klebs and Keating. Bacillus of Mouse Sep- ticemia. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pas- teur. Bacillus of Necrosis of the Liver in Badgers, Eberth. Found in the necrotic liver of a badger. Bacillus of Necrosis of the Liver in Guinea Pigs, Eberth. Found in the necrotic liver of a guinea-pig. Bacillus of Nephritis, Letzerich. See Bacillus of Letzerich. Bacillus of Nocard. Found in the superficial abscesses of cattle suffering from farcy, aer., nmot., pg. Ba- cillus of Okada. Obtained from the dust between the boards of a floor, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus of Osteomy- elitis, Kraske and Becker. Found in cases of osteomyelitis. aer., liqf (or in some forms nliqf), mot., pleom., pg. Held by Pasteur as identical with the micrococcus of furuncle. Bacillus of Phthisis. See Bacillus tuberculosis , Koch. Bacillus of Pink Eye, Weeks. See Bacillus of Con- junctival Catarrh, Koch. Bacillus of Po- tato Rot, Kramer. Obtained from potatoes affected with wet rot. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Putrefies the albuminous substances of po- tatoes. Bacillus of Pseudotuberculosis in Rabbits, Eberth, Malassez, and Vignal. Syn., Bacille de la tuberculose zoogleique, Bacille de la pseudo-tuberculose du lapin, BACTERIA BACTERIA Fr.; Bacillus der Pseudo-tuberculose der Kaninchen, Ger. Found in the nodular deposits characteristic of this disease. Ba- cillus of Puerperal Fever. See Bacillus puerperalis , Engel and Spillmann. Bacil- lus of Purpura Haemorrhagica of Babes. Obtained from the viscera of a patient dead of purpura haemorrhagica. aer. , facanaer., liqf., nmot., pg. Resembles the next two forms. Bacillus of Purpura Haemor- rhagica of Kolb. Obtained from the vis- cera of patients dead of purpura, aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus of Purpura Hemorrhagica of Tizzoni and Giovannini. Obtained from the blood of two children dead of purpura haemorrhagica. aer., facanaer. , nliqf, nmot.,pg. Bacillus of Pyemia, Beltzow. Two forms found in pyemia, one of which resembles Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus of Rabbit Septicemia. See Bacillus sep- ticemics hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacil- lus of Rabies. See Bacillus lyssce, Pasteur. Bacillus of Rag-pickers' Disease. See Bacillus hominis caps u I at us , Bordoni- Uffreduzzi. Bacillus of Red Bread. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus of Red Milk. See Bacillus lactis ery- throgenes, Hueppe ; and Bacillus prodigio- sus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus of Rheumatism. See Bacillus rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. Bacillus of Rhinoscleroma. See Bacillus rhinoscleromatis, Cornil and Alvarez. Bacil- lus of Roth, I, II. Obtained from old rags. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Resem - bles Bacillus 7ieapolitanus, Emmerich ; and Bacillus cavicidus, Burger. Bacillus of Rouget. See Bacillus crysipelatos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus of Scarlet Fever, Crooke. Found in the nasal mucus and tis- sues of the throat in a case of anginose scar- let fever, mot. Resembles Bacillus cedema- tis maligni, Koch, and the Proteus of Mau- ser. According to Doehle the parasite of this disease is a protozoon. Cf. Micrococcics scarlatincB. Bacillus of Scheuerlen, Scheu- erlen, Rapin, and Domingo Freire. Syn., Bacillus epidermidis, Bordoni Uffreduzzi. From cancerous tissues and from mammary epithelium of healthy persons. According to Mace possibly identical with a variety of Ba- cillus mesentericus vidgatus, Fliigge. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus of Schimmel- busch. Obtained from the necrotic tissues of a case of cancrum oils or noma, aer., nliqf, pg. Bacillus of Schou. See Bacil- lus pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Bacillus of Senile Gangrene, Tricomi. Bacillus of gangrene, Bacillus of Tricomi. Found in the blood, in the tissues along the line of demar- cation, in the subcutaneous tissue and the lymph-spaces of the skin, and in the ichor- ous discharge, aer., liqf., nmot., pg. Cf. Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch and Bacil- lus saprogenes, III, Rosenbach. Bacillus of Septicemia in Man, Klein. Bacillus of Southern Cattle Plague, F. S. Bil- lings. Syn. , Bacillus of Texas fever in cat- tle. Found in the blood, viscera, and man- ure of cattle infected with cattle plague or Texas fever, and in their discharges ; also in the ticks {Boophilus bovis, Curtice) infecting the cattle. The spread of the disease is largely due to the manure of the cattle and also indirectly to the ticks, aer, nliqf, mot., pleom, pg. Smith and Kilborn now attribute this disease to the psorosperm Pyrosoma bige- tninum. Bacillus of Spontaneous Rab- bit Septicemia, Eberth. See Bacillus of swine plagzie, Marseilles. Bacillus of Symp- tomatic Anthrax. See Bacillus chauvcei, Bollinger and Feser. Bacillus of Swine Pest, Selander. See Bacillus ex pneumo- enteritide suis, Klein. Bacillus of Swine Plague, Marseilles, Reitsch, and Jobert. Syn., Bacillus suis, Detmers. Bacillus of spontaneous rabbit septicemia ; Bacillus of swine plague, Detmers and Billings ; Bacil- lus of ferret disease. First obtained from swine attacked by a fatal epidemic disease in Marseilles, aer., nliqf, mot. pg. Caneva and others identify this with the Bacillus of ferret disease and with that of American swine plague ; also with the Bacillus of Southern cattle plague, Billings ; but this lat- ter seems to be a distinct species. See Ba- cillus tardigradus. Bacillus of Syphilis. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Ba- cillus of Tetanus. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Bacillus of Texas Cattle Fever, F. S. Billings. See Bacillus of Southern Cattle Plague. Bacillus of the Blood. Bacillus of the Lungs of Cattle, Lustig. Found in the lungs of healthy and diseased ca'ttle. aer., liqf. Bacillus of the Meconium, Escherich. Found in the me- conium. Bacillus of the Pneumoenter- itis of the Pig. See Bacillus ex pneumo- enteritide suis, Klein. Bacillus of the Smegma. Found in the smegma of the male and female genitals. Bacillus of Tommasoli. Found on the hair in a case of sycosis. Bacillus of Tricomi. See Bacillus of senile gangrene. Bacillus of Tuberculosis of Vines. Regarded by Corvo as the cause of the diseased condition of vines usually attributed to Phylloxera vas- tatrix, Planchon. Bacillus of Ulcerative Stomatitis of Cattle, Lingard and Batt. Found on the skin, the mucous membranes, and in the lungs of young cattle. Cf. Strep- tocytus of eczema cpizootica, Schottelius. Ba- cillus of Ulcus Molle, Krofting. Iden- tical with that described by Ducrey as the BACTERIA BACTERIA Bacillus of Chancroid. Bacillus of Ut- padel, Utpadel and Gessner. Obtained from the stuffing of the bed quilts in a military hos- pital (Augsburg), and from the intestinal contents of man. aer. , nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus of Vagus Pneumonia. See Ba- cillus pneumojiic us agilis. Schou. Bacillus of Verruga Peruana, Izquierdo. Found in the intercellular spaces and blood-vessels in the nodules characteristic of Peruvian wart. Bacillus of Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis minutusy Vignal. Bacillus of Whooping Cough. See Bacillus tussis convulsive?, Afanassiew. Bacillus of Xerosis Epithe- lialis Conjunctivae, Leber, Kuschbert, Frankel, and Neisser. Syn., Bacillus xerosis, Frank el ; Bacillus of Colomiatti, Bacillus of xerosis, Schreiber. Found in the white, fatty scales of the conjunctivae in cases of xeroph- thalmia, nmot. Does not grow on gelatin or potato. Pathogenesis not fully determined. Bacillus of Yellow Fever. Found in the mucous membrane of the small intestine in two cases of yellow fever. Sternberg has found many forms in the intestinal contents and viscera of yellow fever cadavers, the most frequent and abundant being the Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich ; Bacillus cadaverus, Sternberg ; and Bacillus X, Sternberg. The last is held by Sternberg as being possibly concerned in the etiology of yellow fever. Bacillus of Yellow Milk. See Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Ba- cillus ovatus minutissimus, Unna. Found upon the skin in cases of eczema seborrhoe- icum. aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Bacil- lus oxytocus perniciosus, Wyssokowitsch. Found in milk left standing a long time. aer. , nliqf., pg. Bacillus panificans, Laurent. Claimed as the active agent in the raising of bread. Found especially in black bread. Dunnenberger considers it a mere impurity and not concerned in the leav- ening processes. Bacillus parvus ovatus, Lo frier. Bacillus of false hog cholera. Found in the carcass of a pig dead of a disease re- sembling rouget. It resembles Bacillus septi- cemia hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus pasteurianus, Hansen. Syn., Bacterium pasteurianum, Micrococcus pasteurianus. Found in beer-wort and beer, especially that poor in alcohol. Resembles Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing and Sommer. Bacillus pestifer, Frankland. Found in the air. aer., liqf, mot. , npg. Bacillus phosphorescens, Fischer. Syn., Bacillus phosphorescens indicus, Fischer ; Photobacterium indicum, Fischer. Found in sea water (Gulf of Mexico), aer., liqf. , mot., phos., npg. Ba- cillus phosphorescens gelidus, Forster. See Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. Bacillus phosphorescens indicus, Fischer. See Bacillus phosphorescens, Fischer. Bacillus phosphorescens indigenus, Fischer. Found in sea water (harbor of Kiel) and upon herring, aer., liqf., mot., phos., npg. Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. Syn., Mi- crococcus phosphoreus , Cohn ; Bacterium phosphorescens, Hermes ; Bacillus phosphores- cens gelidus, Forster. Found on sea fish, raw and cooked (cooked salmon, Cohn). aer. , nliqf., phos., npg. Bacillus plicatus, Zimmerman. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer, liqf. , nmot. , chg. (grayish yellow) npg. Bacillus pneumoniae, Fliigge. See Bacillus pneumonice friedland- eri. Bacillus pneumonias friedlanderi. Syn., Bacillus pneumonice, Fliigge; Diplococ- cus pneumonice fibrinosce , Friedlander; Alicro- coccus pneumonice infetiosce, Friedlander. Occasionally obtained from the exudates in the pulmonary alveoli in cases of croupous pneumonia, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Syn. , Bacillus of Schou ; Bacillus of Vagus pneumonia. Obtained from rabbits suffering from pneumonia induced by section of the vagi. aer. , liqf., mot. , pg. Bacillus pneu- mosepticus, Babes. Obtained from the blood and tissues of a person dead of septic pneumonia, aer. , facanaer., nliqf., mnot., pg. Bacillus polymyxa, Prazmowski. Syn., Claustridium polymyxa, Prazmowski. Found in infusion of potatoes, lupin seeds, etc. aer., facanaer. , npg. Bacillus polypiformis, Liborius. Found in cow dung and in the exudates of mice inoculated with garden earth. anaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus preussii, Ciesi- elski. See Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehren- berg. Syn., . Bacteridium prodigiosum, Schroter; Bacterium prodigiosum, Micrococ- cus prodigiosus, Cohn ; Micrococcus imetro- phus, Trevisan ; Monas prodigiosa, Ehren- berg ; Palmella prodigiosa, Mont; Zoogalac- tina imetropa, Sette. Frequently found upon food-stuffs, boiled potatoes, hard-boiled eggs, moist bread, etc. aer., facanaer. , liqf.. mot., chg. (red), npg. Acts as a protective to rab- bits against anthrax. Bacillus pseudce- dema, Liborius. Syn., Bacillus pseudosep- ticus, Mace ; Pseudo-cedembacillus, Ger. Obtained from the exudates of mice, after in- oculation with garden earth, anaer. , liqf , pg. Resembles Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus pseudopneumonicus, Passet. Syn., Bacterium pseudopneumoni- cum. Found in pus. aer. , nliqf., nmot., pg. Resembles Micrococcus pneumonia croup- osce, Frankel. Bacillus pseudosepticus, Mace. See Bacillus pseudcedema, Liborius. Bacillus pseudosepticus of Mice, Bien- stock. Syn., Bacillus of pseudosepticemia of BACTERIA BACTERIA mice. Found in feces, aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Found after inoculation, mostly in the edematous fluid and not in the blood. Ba- cillus pseudotuberculosis, Pfeiffer. Ob- tained from the viscera of a horse killed on suspicion of having glanders, aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus puerperalis, Engel and Spillmann. Leptothrix of puerperal fever ; Bacillus of puerperal fever. Found in two cases of puerperal sepsis, pg. (for mice and rabbits) . Considered by Pasteur to be identical with Bacillus anthracis . Bacil- lus pulpse pyogenes, Miller. Obtained from gangrenous tooth-pulp. aer. , facanaer. , liqf., pg. Bacillus punctatus, Zimmer- mann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz). aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus putrificus coli, Bienstock. Found in human feces, aer. , facanaer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus pyo- cyaneus a, Gessard. Syn., Bacillus aerugi- nosis, Bacterium aeruginosum, Schroter ; Micrococcus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacillus of blue or green pus. A widely distributed form, found in purulent and serous wounds, in perspiration, and in the viscera of human cadavers, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., chg., pg. Two pigments, one fluorescent green, the other blue, pyocyanin. Bacillus pyo- cyaneus 3, Ernst. Found in pus from ban- dages stained green, aer. , liqf, mot., chg. (yellowish green), npg. Bacillus pyo- genes fcetidus, Passet. Syn., bacille pyo- gene felide, Fr. Obtained from an ischio- rectal abscess, aer., nliqf., mot., pg. Ba- cillus pyogenes soli, Bolton. Obtained from the exudates of a rat after inoculation with garden earth, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus radiatus, Liideritz. Obtained from the exudates of mice and guinea-pigs after inoculation with garden earth, anaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus radiatus aquatilis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus ramosus, Eisenberg. Syn., Wurzelbacillus . Common in soil and water, aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus ramo- sus liquefaciens. Obtained from the air. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus reticularis, Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. Syn., Ba- cillus rheumarthritis, Alicrococcus rheumar- thritis, Leyden. Found in the joint effu- sions in articular rheumatism. Bacillus rhinoscleromatis, Cornil and Alvarez, Von Frisch, Paltauf, Von Eiselsberg, Dit- trich, Stepanow, etc. Found in the newly- formed tubercles of rhinoscleroma. aer. , facanaer., nliqf., usually nmot. (becomes motile on cultivation), pg. Etiologic rela- tions not established. Considered by many as identical with Bacillus pneumonia; friedlanderi. It is less virulent, gelatin cul- tures more transparent, and the capsules more persistent. Bacillus rosaceum metal- loides, Dowdeswell. Bacillus rubefaciens, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer. , nliqf., mot., chg. (pale pink), npg. Bacillus rubt llus, Okada. Found in the exudates of guinea-pigs after inoculation with street dust, anaer., liqf. pwt., chg. (red), npg. Bacillus ruber Frank, Cohn, and Becker. Syn., Bacillu miniaceus, Zimmermann. Bacillus (or Bac teriuni) rosaceum metalloides, Dowdeswell. The red bacillus of water. Found in water and on boiled rice, aer., liqf, mot., chg. (magenta red) , npg. Bacillus ruber indicus. See Bacillus indiczis,K.och. Bacillus rubes- cens, Jordan. Found in sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer. , nliqf, mot., chg. (pale pink), npg. Bacillus rubidus, Eisenberg. Found in water, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (brownish red), npg. (Lustig describes a red bacillus from river water which he claims to be dif- ferent from this). Bacillus salivarius sep- ticus, Biondi. See Bacillus septicus sputi- genus, Fliigge. Bacillus sanguinis typhi, Brannan and Cheesman. Obtained from the blood of typhus-fever patients, aer. , facanaer. , nmot. Bacillus saprogenes, I, II, III, Rosenbach. Found in putrefying matter on fetid feet, the white plugs of the pharyngeal follicles, etc. aer., facanaer., pg. Bacillus scaber, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix scaber. Found in cheese, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , (in early stages becoming non motile), npg. Bacillus schafferi, Freudenreich. Obtained from cheese and fermenting potato infusion, aer. , facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Closely resem- bles Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bac- illus scissus, Frankland. Found in the soil, aer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus sep- ticaemiae haemorrhagicae, Sternberg. Bac- illus cholera gallinarum, Fliigge. Bacillus cuniculicida, Fliigge. Bacillus cuniculici- dus, Koch. Bacterium septicaemia;, Koch. Bacterium morbilli, Lanzi. Coccobacteria septica, Billroth. Micrococcus septicus , Cohn. Alicrococcus cholera; gallinarum, Micrococcus gallicidus, Microsporon septicus, Klebs. Bac- illus septicus, Koch. See Bacillus ery- sipelatos suis, Koch. Bacillus septicus. Pasteur. See Bacillus adematis maligni, Koch. Cf. Broleus septicus. Bacillus sep- ticus acuminatus, Babes. Obtained from the umbilical stump, blood and viscera of a five days old child, dead of septic infection. aer. , no growth on gelatin,/"^, (for rabbits and guinea-pigs, not for mice). Bacillus septicus agrigenus, Nicolaier. Obtained from manured garden soil. aer. , nliqf. (?) Resembles Bacillus septicemia; hemorrha- gica:, Sternberg. Bacillus septicus from BACTERIA BACTERIA Sputum. See Bacillus septicus sputi, I, II, Kreibohm. Bacillus septicus keratomal- aciae, Babes. Obtained from the corneal tissues and viscera of a child that died of septicemia following keratomalacia. aer., facanaer. , nliqf. , pg. (for rabbits and mice, slightly for birds, not for guinea-pigs). Bac- illus septicus sputi, I, II, Kreibohm. Ob- tained from human buccal secretions. Does not grow in any known culture-medium. Resembles Bacillus septicemia hcemorrha- gicce, Sternberg. Bacillus septicus sputi- genus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacterium septicum sputigenum, Frankel. Micrococcus pneu- monice crouposcz, Frankel. Micrococcus pasfeuri, Sternberg. Diplococcus pnezwionice, Weichselbaum. Streptococcus lanceolatus pasteuri, Gamaleia. Micrococcus of sputum septicemia, Frankel. Lancet-shaped micro- coccus, Talamon. Pneumococcus of Frank- el. Found both in healthy and in pneu- monic sputum, in the fibrinous exudate of croupous pneumonia, and in the pus of meningitis, in middle-ear disease, in certain forms of pleurisy, joint-disease, and endo- carditis, aer., facanaer., nmot., nliqf., pg. Held to be the cause of croupous pneumonia in man, and by some to be identical with Bacillus lyssae, Pasteur. Bacillus septicus ulceris gangraenosi, Babes. Found in the blood and viscera of a boy dead of septicemia following gangrene of the skin. aer. , liqf. , mot.,pg. Bacillus septicus vesicae, Clado. Found in the urine of a patient with cystitis. aer., facanaer., nliqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus sessilis, L. Klein. Found in the blood of a cow supposed to have died of anthrax, aer., mot. (convulsive jerking), npg. .Bacillus similis, Bienstock. See Bacillus subtilis simulans, I, II, Bienstock. Bacillus smar- agdinus fcetidus, Reimann. Found in the nasal secretions in a case of .ozena, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , pg. Bacillus smaragdino- phosphorescens, Katz. Obtained from a herring in fish market (Sidney, N. S. W.). aer., nliqf., nmot.,phos. (emerald green) npg. Resembles Photobacterium phosphorescens y Cohn, and Photobacterium pflugeri, Ludwig. Bacillus solidus, Luderitz. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated with garden earth, aer. , nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus spiniferus, Unna. Found upon the skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum. aer. t nliqf., chg. (grayish yellow), npg. Bacillus sputigenus crassus. See Bacillus crassus sputigenus , Kreibohm. Bacillus stolonatus, Adametz. Found in water, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus stoloniferus, Pohl. Found in swamp water, aer. , liqf. , mot. Pathogene- sis not determined. Bacillus striatus albus, Von Besser. Found in the nasal secretions of healthy persons, aer., nliqf., npg. Bacillus striatus flavus, Von Besser. Occasionally found in nasal mucus, aer., nliqf, chg. (sulphur yellow), npg. Bacillus subflavus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (pale yellow), npg. Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg, Cohn, Brefeld, Prazmowski, and Fitz. Syn. Bacillus glycerine, Fitz ; Bacillus Jitzianus, Zopf; Bacterium subtile, Zopf; Metallacter subtile, Pertz ; Vibrio subtilis, Ehrenberg. DeBary confines B. subtilis to the form described by Brefeld and Prazmow- ski. The relation of the starch fermentation species of Fitz remains doubtful. A com- mon form found in the air, water, soil, and on plants, aer., liqf, oscl., npg. Bac- illus subtiliformis, Bienstock. Syn. , Ba- cillus subtilis simulans, I, II, Bienstock. Bacillus similis, Bienstock. Found in hu- man feces, aei ., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bac- illus suis, Detmers. See Bacillus tardi- gradus. Bacillus sulfhydrogenus, Mi- quel. Found in water, aer., mot. Decom- poses albumin with evolution of H 2 S. Bac- illus sulfureum, Holschewnikoff and Rosen- heim. Two forms found in urine and in mud. Bacillus superficialis, Jordan. Common in sewage, aer. , liqf. , mot. „ npg. Bacillus, synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Syn., Bacillus xanthogenus, Fuchs and Ehrenberg. Bacterium xanthinum, Schroter. Vibrio synxanthus, Ehrenberg. Vibrio xanthogenus , Fuchs. Bacillus of yellow milk. Found in milk that has been boiled, aer. , mot. , chg. (golden yellow), npg. Precipitates the casein; renders the milk alkaline. Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Syn. , Bacillus syphilis, Lustgarten. Bacillus of Lustgarten. Found in syphilitic new growths and secretions ; does not develop in ordinary culture media. In staining, reaction seems to be identical with that of the Bacillus of the Smegma. Doehle describes parasitic infusoria as the causa- tive agents of syphilis. Bacillus tardi- gradus. Syn., Bacillus suis, Detmers. Micrococcus suis, Burrill. Found in dew, water, and in the fluids of pigs affected with swine plague, aer. , mot., npg. Cf. Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch and Jobert. Bacillus tenuis, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix tenuis, Duclaux. Found in de- composing albuminoid matter, cheese, etc. aer., facanaer., (?) ??iot. , npg. Used in ripening certain French cheeses. Bacillus tenuis sputigenus, Pansini. Obtained from sputum, aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus termo, Dujardin and Ehrenberg. See Bac- terium termo, Cohn. Bacillus tetani, Nico- laier. Syn., Bacillus tetani traumatici, Rosenbach. Bacillus of tetanus. Found in garden earth and in the wounds of persons BACTERIA BACTERIA suffering from tetanus. Spores form at one end and give bacillus a drum-stick appear- ance, anaer., liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus tetani traumatici. See the preceding. Bacillus thalassophilus, Russel. Obtained from mud (Bay of Naples), anaer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus thermophilus, Miquel. Found in the in- testinal tract of man and animals, in sewage, and in the soil, aer., nmot., npg. Bacillus tremelloides, Schottelius. Found in hy- drant water (Freiburg), aer., liqf., chg. (golden yellow), npg. Bacillus tremulus, Koch. Syn. , Metallacter tremulus, Trevisan. Found as a surface pellicle on decomposing plant infusions. Resembles Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Syn., Bacterium tuberculosis, Zopf; Bacte- rium tuberculosum, Bacillus tuberculi, Bac- illus tuberculosus. Found in the sputum, in tuberculous organs, and elsewhere in persons and animals affected with tuberculosis. Para- sitic, aer., facanaer., nmot., pg. Bacillus tuberculosis gallinarum, Maffucci. Ob- tained from cases of spontaneous tuberculosis in fowls. This seems to be a distinct species, characterized by its staining reactions, etc., its growth in pure cultures, and its patho- genic qualities, Koch. Bacillus tumes- cens, Zopf. Syn., Bacteriuj?i tumescens, Zopf. Found upon beets, aer., liqf. , mot., npg. Bacillus turgidus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix tuigidus, Duclaux. Found in cheese, aer. Produces alkaline reaction (car- bonate and butyrate of ammonium) in milk. Bacillus tussis convulsivae, Afanassiew. Syn., Bacillus of Afanassieiv. Found in the sputum of persons affected with pertussis. aer., nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth, Gaffky, Klebs, Ep- pinger, Brautlecht. Syn., Bacillus typhosus, Bacterium typhosum. Found in water and in milk, and in the feces and organs in typhoid fever, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. Bacillus typhi murium, L5ffier. Obtained from mice affected with an epidemic disease, aer. , facanaer., nliqf, mot. Bacillus typhosus. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth, etc. Bacillus ubiquitus, Jordan. Found in air, water, sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Resembles Bacillus candicans, Frankland. Bacillus ulna, Cohn, and Prazmowski. Syn., Vibrio b, Ehrenberg. Bacterium ulna, Miller. Vibrio bacillus, Miiller, Ehrenberg. Found in egg albumin, aer., mot., npg. Bacillus ulna of Vignal. Found in saliva of healthy persons ; perhaps identical with the preced- ing form, aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus ureae, Miquel. Found in the air. aer. , facanaer., nliqf. , npg. Perhaps identical with the pre- ceding form. Bacillus ureae, Leube. Three varieties found in old urine, aer., nliqf, npg., Converts urea into ammonium carbonate. Bacillus urocephalus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix urocephalus, Duclaux. One of the commonest forms associated with putre- faction of animal matter, aer. , facanaer., npg. Bacillus vasculosis, Sternberg. Ob- tained from the intestine and stomach of yellow-fever cadavers, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus vaginalis, Doderlein. Constantly found in the normal vaginal secretions of adults, aer., facanaer., nmot., (no growth in gelatin), npg. Bacillus varicosus con- junctivae, Gombert. Found in the healthy conjunctival sac of man. aer., facanaer. , nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus venenosus, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus venenosus bre- vis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot.,pg. Bacillus vene- nosus invisibilis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus venenosus liquefaciens, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., pg. Bacillus ventriculi, Rac- zynssky. Obtained from the stomach of meat-fed~ dogs, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus vermicular is, Frankland. Found in river water, aer. , liqf., oscl., npg. Bacillus vermiculosus, Zimmermann. Found in water, aer. , liqf., oscl., npg. Bac- illus violaceus, Becker. Found in river water, aer. , facanaer. , liqf , mot. , chg. (dark violet). Bacillus violaceus laurentius, Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer. , facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus virens, Van Tieghem. Syn., Spor- onema gracile. Found in stagnant water, aer. , mot., chg. (green, held by some to be chloro- phyll, but not sufficiently studied), npg. Bacillus virescens, Frick. Found in green sputum. aer. , nliqf., mot., chg. (green), npg. Bacillus virgula, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix virgula, Duclaux. Found in albuminous solutions. aer. , nmot., npg. Bacillus virgula. See Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Bacillus viridis, Van Tieghem. Syn., Bacterium viride, Van Tieghem, Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary. Found in water collected in the hollow of a polyporous fungus. aer., chg. (green). Not thoroughly investigated. Bacillus viridis flavus, Frick. Syn., Bacillus viridis pallescens, Frick. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (yellowish-green), npg. Resembles Bacillus virescens, Frick. Bacillus viridis pallescens, Frick. See Bacillus viridis flavus, Frick. Bacillus viscosus, Frank- land. Found in river water, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (fluorescent green). Per- haps identical with Bacillus fuorcscens, Fliigge. Bacillus viscosus, I, II, Van BACTERIA BACTERIA Laer. Found in ropy milk, aer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus viscosus cerevisiae, Van Laer. Found in viscous beer and in milk. aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus viscosus sac- chari, Kramer. Found in viscous saccharine fluids, aer., liqf., ngp. Bacillus vul- garis, Hauser ; Syn. , Proteus vulgaris. Proteus sulfureus, Holschenikoff. Proteus of Hauser. Commonly associated with putre- faction, aer., facanaer., liqf-, mot., pg. This species is probably one of those form- erly included under Bacterium termo. Bacillus X, Sternberg. Found in yellow- fever cadavers. Sternberg thinks it possible that this form is concerned in the etiology of the fever, pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus xan- thogenus, Fuchs and Ehrenberg. See Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus xerosis, Frankel. Syn. Xerose bacillus. See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunc- tivae, Leber. Bacillus zenkeri, Hauser. Syn. , Proteus zenkeri. Bacille de Hauser, Fr. Found in putrefying animal matter. aer., facanaer., nliqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus zopfii. Syn., Bacterium zopfii, Kurth. Arthrobacterium zopfii, De Bary. Found in the intestinal tract of fowls, aer., nliqf., mot. , npg. Bacillus zurnianum, List. Found in water, aer. , nliqf , nmot. , npg. Bacteridium prodigiosum, Schroter. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bac- terium aceti, Lanzi. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Bacterium aerogenes, Miller. See Bacillus aerogenes, II, Miller. Bac- terium aeruginosum, Schroter. See Bacil- lus pyocyaneus a, Gessard. Bacterium allii. See Bacillus allii, Griffiths. Bacterium anthracis, Zopf. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Bacterium arti- culatum, Ehrenberg. See Bacterium lineola, Colin. Bacterium aurantiacum, Tre- lease ; a chromogenic form. Bacterium bacillus, Pasteur. See Bacterium termo, Davaine. Bacterium brunneum, Schroter. Found in a putrid infusion of Indian corn, chg. (brown). Perhaps identical with Bacil- lus fuscus, Zimmerman. Bacterium butyri colloideum, Lafar. Found in every sample of natural butter examined. Cf. Bacillus butyri fluorescens, Lafar. Bacterium can- didum, Trelease. A chromogenous form, identical with Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, Fliigge. Bacterium capitatum, Davaine. Found in an infusion of albuminous matter. aer. , mot. Bacterium carbuncolare, Pol- lender, Brauell, Delafond, and Davaine. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Bacterium carlsbergense, Hansen. Found in the air. Cf. Bacterium kochii, Hansen. Bacterium catenula, Dujardin. Has been observed especially in putrid wine or putrefy- ing blood, generally in albuminous liquids in contact with air. Coze and Feltz found it in typhoid fever in man. It resembles Bacillus acidi lactici, Davaine, Hueppe. Bacterium caucasicum. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Bacterium chlorinum, Engelmann. Found in water, aer., chg. (green). Engelmann holds this to be chlo- rophyll, as a small amount of oxygen is given off, indicating the assimilation of carbon. Bacterium coli commune, Escherich. See Bacillus neapolitanus. Bacterium com- mune, Pasteur. See Bacterium termo, Dujardin. Bacterium cuneatum, Rivolta. See Bacillus cuneatus. Bacterium cyano- genum, Fuchs. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacterium denitrificans. See Bacillus denitrificans . Bacterium dysodes, Zopf. See Bacillus dysodes. Bacterium en- chelys, Ehrenberg. Found in river water. Bacterium farinaceum, Wigand. Found in sour sponge or dough. Bacterium fitzia- num, Zopf. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacterium fcetidum, Thin. See Bacillus fostidus, Passet. Bacterium fusiforme, Warming. Found in sea water. Bac- terium gingivae pyogenes, Miller. See Bacillus gingiva pyogenes. Bacterium gliscrogenum, Malerba. Syn. Bacillus gliscrogenus. Found in viscid acid urine. aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacterium gris- eum, Warning. Syn. Micrococcus griseus, Winter, a doubtful form. Bacterium gummis, Commes. The cause of the gum- mous disease of the fig, almond, and orange trees, and the mal nero of vines. Cf. Bac- terium putredinis, Davaine. Bacterium gummosum, Ritsert. Found to produce the viscosity of infusions of digitalis, aer., liqf., pleom. Bacterium hessii, Guillebeau. One of the two forms found by Gillebeau to cause milk to become ropy. Thrives best in pasteurized milk, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Cf. Micrococcus freudenreichii. Bacterium hyacinthi, Wakker. Found in the bulbs and leaves of the hyacinth and causing the "yellows" of hyacinths. Cf. Bacillus hyacinthi septicus, Heinz. Bacterium janthinum, Zopf. See Bacillus janthinus, Zopf. Bacterium kochii, Hansen. Found in the air of Carlsberg. Cf. Bacterium carlsbergense , Hansen. Bacterium lactis, Lister. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacterium lactis aerogenes, Escherich. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Abelous. Bacterium lineola, Midler, Colin. Syn. Bacterium punctual, Rivolta. Bacterium tremulans, Trevisan. Bacterium triloculare, Ehrenberg. Bacterium articulation, Ehren- berg. Vibrio lineola (Miiller), Ehrenberg. Vibrio tremulans, Ehrenberg. Bacillus lineola. Found in well and other water, in infusions, in soil on vegetables, etc. aer., mot. BACTERIA BACTERIA (trembling and darting back and forth), pleom., npg. Probably represents several species, or a developmental form of a spiril- lum. Bacterium litoreum, Warming. Found only in sea water, aer. , mot., npg. Bacterium lucens, Van Tieghem. See Bacillus lucens, Van T. Bacterium luteum, Trelease. See Bacillus lutetis, Fliigge, Bacterium maidis, Cuboni. See Bacillus maidis, Cuboni. Bacterium merismopcedioides, Zopf. See Bacillus merismopcedioides , Zopf. Bacterium mor- billi, Lanzi. Found in the urine of persons with measles. Cf. Bacillus septicemic? hemorrhagica:, Sternberg. Bacterium navicula, Reinke and Berthold. See Biicillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacterium neapolitanum. See Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacterium oblongum, Bou- troux. Syn., Micrococcus oblongus, Boutroux. Found in beer ; the agent of gluconic fermen- tation. Bacterium of Butyric Acid Fer- mentation. See Bacillus butyricus, Praz- mowski. Bacterium of Diphtheria, Em- merich. Found in cases of diphtheria in man and doves. Bacterium of Fire Blight. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmow- ski. Bacterium of Infectious Pneu- monia in the Horse. See Streptococcic coryzce contagiosa equorum, Schiitz. Bac- terium of Kefir. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Bacterium of Pear Blight. Cf. Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski, and Micro- coccus amylovorus, Burrill. Bacterium of Sheep Pox. Found in cases of sheep pox, or ' ' Schaf blattern. ' ' Bacterium of Variola, Cose and Feltz. Found in the vesicles of smallpox; pathogenic for rabbits. Bac- terium oleae, Arcangeli. Said to cause the so-called tuberculosis ("Maladie de la loupe;" " Rogner") of olives. Bacterium ovatum, Lebert. See Nosema bombycis, Nageli. Bacterium pasteurianum, or Bacterium pastorianum. See Bacillus pasteurianus, Hansen. Bacterium perip- lanetae, Tichomirow. Found in the com- mon cockroach {Periplaneta orientalis), and producing in it a specific disease. Bac- terium pfliigeri, Ludwig. See Photobac- terium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Bacterium phosphorescens, Hermes. Bacterium phosphorescens, Cohn. See Photobacte- rium phosphorescens. See Bacillus phos- phoreus, Cohn. Bacterium photome- tricum, Engelmann. Found in water; motion dependent on light ; possibly not a bacterium at all. Bacterium pneumoniae, Bacterium pneumoniae crouposae, Fried- lander. See Bacillus pneumoniae fried- landeri. Bacterium porri, Tommasi- Crudeli. Found in warts. Bacterium prodigiosum. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacterium pseudopneu- monicum. See Bacillus ps sudopneumon- icus, Fliigge. Bacterium punctum, Rivolta. See Bacterium lineola (Miiller), Cohn. Bacterium putredinis, Davaine. Found in rapidly-decaying plants. Cf. Bac- terium gummis, Comes. Bacterium pyri- forme, Hansen. Found in the air. Bac- terium radicicola, Prazmowski. Syn., Bacillus radicicola, Beyernick ; Rhizobium leguminosarum, Frank. Found in the soil, particularly in the roots of the Leguminose, where it is held to stimulate the cells to unusual growth, affect nitrification, consti- tute the " bacteroids " of Woronin, and form the so-called " bacteroid tissue." Bacte- rium rosaceum metalloides, Dowdeswell. See Bacillus ruber, Frank, Cohn. Bacte- rium rubescens, Lankester. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Bacterium septi- caemiae, Koch. See Bacillus septicemias hemorrhagica?, Sternberg. Bacterium sep- ticum sputigenum. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Bacterium subtile, Buchner. See Bacillis subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacterium sulfuratum ; Bacterium sul- phuratum, Warming. See Beggiatoa roseo- persicina, Zopf. Bacterium sulfureum, Rosenheim. Found in wine. nliqf. Evolves H 2 S. Bacterium syncyaneum, Ehrenberg, Schroter. See Bacillus cyanog- enus, Hueppe. Bacterium synxanthum, Schroter. See Bacillus synxanthus. Bac- terium termo, Dujardin and Ehrenberg. Syn., Bacillus termo, Davaine. Bacterium bacillus, Pasteur. Cryptococcus natans, Kiitz- ing. Cryptococcus nebulosus, Kiitzing. Micro- coccus creptisculum , Cohn. Zooglcea termo, Alonas termo (Miiller). A collective species. Bacterium termo, Vignal. Found in the saliva of healthy persons, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (yellowish gray), npg. Bacterium tholoideum, Gessner. Syn., Bacillus of Gessner. Found in the intestinal contents of healthy persons. Resembles Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. pg. (for mice and guinea-pigs). Bacterium tremulans, Tre- visan. See Bacterhim lineola, Cohn. Bac- terium triloculare, Ehrenberg. See Bac- terhim lineola, Cohn. Bacterium tuber- culosis, Zopf. Bacterium tuberculosum, Koch. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacterium tumescens, Zopf. See Bacillus tumescens, Zopf. Bacterium typhosum. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth and Gaffky. Bacterium ulna. See Bacillus ulna, Cohn. Bacterium ulna, Cohn. See Micrococcus uree. Bacterium ureae, Jaksch. Found in ammoniacal urine, aer., facanaer., nliqf. Not sufficiently investigated. Bac- terium vermiforme, Ward. Found in fer- mented ginger-beer. Bacterium viola- BACTERIA BACTERIA ceum, Bergonzini. Syn., Chromobacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. Found in putrefying solutions of egg-albumen. chg. (violet). Bacterium viride. See Bacillus viridis, Van Tieghem. Bacterium xanthinum. See Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Bacterium xylinum, A. J. Brown. Found in solutions of carbohydrates, giving rise to acetic acid, and converting dextrose into glu- conic acid, and mannitol into levulose. Bac- terium zopfii, Kurth. See Bacillus zopfii. Bacteroides, Woronin. Microorganisms forming tubercles in the roots of leguminous plants, and assisting in the fixing of nitrogen. Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Syn., Beggiatoa punctata, Trevisan. Beggiatoa leptomiti- formis, Meneghi. Oscillaria alba, Vaucher. Hygrocrocis vandelli, Meneghi. Next to Cladothrix the most common bacterium of water, forming a superficial layer in the mud. Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Syn. , Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Rabenhorst. See Beggi- atoa marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa arach- noidal, Agardh. Syn., Oscillaria arach- noidea, Agardh. Oscillaria versatilis, Kutz. Found in swamps and sulphur springs. Beg- giatoa leptomitiformis, Meneghi and Tre- visan. Syn., Oscillaria leptomitiformis, Men- eghi. Found in sulphur springs. Beggiatoa marina, Cohn. Syn., Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Raben- horst. Found in a salt water aquarium, form- ing a whitish slimy layer on dead fish. Beg- giatoa minima, Warming. Found in sea water ; gray. Beggiatoa mirabilis, Cohn. Found in a salt water aquarium ; snow white. Beggiatoa multisepta. See Prag77iidio- thrix multisepta, Engler. Held by Zopf to be identical with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Syn., Lep- tonema niveum, Symphiothrix nivea, Brug- ger. Found in sulphur springs. Beggiatoa nodosa, Van Tieghem. A doubtful form characterized by nodes in the filaments, which differ from other members of the genus in the absence of sulphur grains and of motion. Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Rabenhorst. See Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Beggi- atoa pellucida, Cohn. Found in a marine aquarium; sulphur grains few. Beggiatoa punctata, Trevisan. See Beggiatoa alba, Cohn. Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Syn. , Bacterium rubescens, Lankester. Bac- terium sulfuratum or Bacterium sulpJmr- atum, Warming. Clathrocystis roseopersi- cina, Cohn. Cohnia roseopersicina, Winter, Kutzing. Microhaloa rosea, Kutz. Ophidi- omonas sanguinea, Ehrenberg. Pleurococcus roseopersicina, Rabenhorst. Peach-colored bacterium. Morphologically identical with Beggiatoa alba , Vaucher. Forms rose-colored to violet pellicles on putrid matter. Produces bacteriopurpurin. Beggiatoa tigrina, Ra- benhorst. Syn., Oscillaria tigrina, Rcemer. Found in swamps on submerged wood. Forms a thin white layer. Bienstock's Putrefac- tive Bacillus. Bienstock's Putrefactive Bacillus from the Feces. See Bacillus putreficus coli, Bienstock. Brieger's Ba- cillus. See Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Buff Bacillus of Spreading Edema, A. B. Harris. nliqf., aer., chg. (buff), pleom. Capsule Bacillus of Loeb. Obtained from a case of keratomalacia infantum. aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot , pg. Resembles Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Capsule Bacillus of Ozena, Marano. Found in the nasal secretions in ten cases of ozena. Re- sembles Bacillus pneumonia friedldnderi. Cf. Micrococcus lozwenbergii . Capsule Bacillus of Smith. See Bacillus capsu- latus smithii. Cheese Spirillum. See Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Chromo- bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. See Bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. Clado- thrix bovis. See Actinomyces bovis, Harz. Cladothrix canis. Held by Rabe to be very like Actinomyces bovis. Cladothrix dicho- toma, Cohn and Zopf. See Leptothrix och- racea, Kutzing. Myconostocgregarium,C6hn. Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Syn., Creno- thrix fcersteri, Streptothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Forms yellowish or grayish concretions in the human lacrymal ducts. Cladothrix intricata, Russel. Obtained from sea mud (bay of Naples), aer., Hqf, mot. Clath- rocystis roseopersicina, Cohn. See Beg- giatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Clostridium butyricum, Prazmowski. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Clostridium fceti- dum, Liborius. See Bacillus fcetidus, Pas- set. Clostridium of Symptomatic An- thrax (or Charbon), Neelsen and Ehlers. See Bacillus chauvczi, Bollinger and Feser. Clostridium polymyxa, Prazmowski. See Bacillus polymyxa, Prazmowski. Cocco- bacillus pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. See Diplococcus pyogenes urece. Coccobacteria septica, Billroth. The single term under which Billroth includes all putrefactive bac- teria. See Bacillus septiccemice hcemorrhagi- cce. Coccobacteria ureae, Rorsing. See Diplococcus pyogenes urece. Coccobacterium lyssae, Rivolta. See Bacillus lyssce. Coh- nia roseopersicina, Winter and Kutzing. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Colon Bacillus of Escherich. See Bacillus nea- politanus. Comma Bacillus, Comma Ba- cillus of Koch, Comma-shaped Bacillus, Waten. See Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Corpuscles brillants. See Baci'- lus fcetidus, Passet. Coryza diplococci. See Micrococcus cereus aureus, Schroter and Winckler. Crenothrix fcersteri, Cohn. See BACTERIA BACTERIA Cladothrix fcersteri. Crenothrix kiihniana, Saccardo and Rabenhorst. Syn., Crenothrix polyspora, Colin. Hypoeothrix kiihniana, Leptothrix kiihniana. Found in drinking water, to which it imparts a disagreeable taste. Crenothrix polyspora, Cohn. See Crenothrix kiihniana, Saccardo and Raben- horst. Cryptococcus alveareus. See Bacillus alvei. Cheshire and Cheyne. Cryptococcus clava, Wedl. Found in the stomachs of ruminants. Cryptococcus cerevisiae, Robin. Cryptococcus fer- mentatum, Kiitzing. See Saccharomyces cerevisice, Reess and Robin. Cryptococcus glutinis, Fersen. See Saciharo?nyces glu- tinis. Cryptococcus guttulatus, Robin. See Saccharomyces guttulatus . Cryptococcus natans, Cryptococcus nebulosus, Kiitz- ing. See Bacterium ten/io, Dujardin and Davaine. Cryptococcus of Yellow Fever. See C xanthogenicus, Freire. Cryptococ- cus xanthogenicus, Domingo PVeire. Con- sidered by D. Freire to be the cause of yel- low fever. Cf. Bacillus of Yellow Fever. Denecke's Cheese Bacillus. See Spiril- lum tyrogenum. Dengue Micrococci. See Scheutzia laughlini. Detionella ochracea, Saccardo. See Leptothrix ochracea, Kiitz- ing. Diplococcus albicans amplus, Bumm. Grayish white micrococcus. Found in mucus from the healthy vagina. aer. , facanaer., liqf., npg. Diplococcus albi- cans tardus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found in eczema, aer., nliqf., nmot. Diplococ- cus albicans tardissimus. Morphologi- cally identical with the gonococcus ; but more adherent, forming small masses, aer. , nliqf., npg. Diplococcus citreus conglom- erate, Bumm. Obtained from the air, in dust, and from gonorrheal pus. aer. , faca- naer., liqf., chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Dip- lococcus citreus liquefaciens, Unna and Tommasoli. ' Found on the skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum. aer., liqf. n??iot., chg. (lemon -yellow), npg. Diplococcus coryzae, Klebs and Hajek. Obtained from the nasal secretions in cases of acute nasal catarrh. aer. , nliqf, npg. Diplococcus flavus liquefaciens tardus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found on the skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum. aer. , facanaer. , liqf , chg. (chrome-yellow), npg. Diplococcus fluorescens fcetidus, Klamann. Obtained from the posterior nares. aer., facanaer., liqf., chg. (grass-green to violet), npg. Diplo- coccus intercellularis meningitidis, Gold- schmidt and Weichselbaum. Found within the cells of the exudate in cerebro-spinal meningitis, aer., nliqf., pg. Diplococcus lacteus faviformis, Bumm. Found fre- quently in the vaginal secretions. aer. , nliqf, npg. Diplococcus luteus, Ada- metz. Found in water, aer. , liqf, mot., chg. (yellow), npg. Diplococcus of Gonor- rhea. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea , Neisser. Diplococcus of Orchitis, Hugouneng and Eraud. Syn., Orchiococcus. Frequently found in gonorrheal pus during the first few days. aer. , nliqf, pg. Diplococcus of Ozena, Loewenberg. Found in the se- cretions in cases of ozena. Diplococcus of Pemphigus, Diplococcus of Pemphigus Acutus, Demme. Syn., Micrococcus of Demme. Found in the bulla? of pemphigus. aer., nliqf ., pg. Resembles the gonococcus. Diplococcus of Pneumonia in Horses, Schiitz. Obtained from the lungs of a horse affected with acute pneumonia, aer. , nliqf. , pg. Diplococcus pneumoniae fibrinosae, Friedlander. See Bacillus pneianonice fried- lander i. Diplococcus pneumoniae, Weich- selbaum. Syn., Pneumococcus of Frankel. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Diplococcus pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. Syn., Diplococcus urece, Rorsing. Cocco- bacillus pyogenes urece, Rorsing. Cocco- bacterium urece, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf. Diplococcus urea trifoliatus, Rorsing. Micrococcus pyogenes tirecz flavus , Rorsing. Diplococcus roseus, Bumm. Found in the air. aer. , facanaer., liqf. , chg. (pink), npg. Diplococcus ureae, Rorsing. See Diplococcus pyogenes urece, Rorsing. Diplococcus ureae trifoliatus, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf. Diplococcus pyogenes iirece, Rorsing. Micrococcus pyogenes urece flavus, Rorsing. Dispora caucasica, Kern. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Drumstick Bacillus. See Bacillus putri- ficus coli. Epsilon Bacillus. See Spirillum finkleri. Erythroconus litoralis, CErstedt. See Sarcina litoralis. Feet-sweat Bacillus. See Bacillus fcetidus, Bacillus saprogenes, II, and Bacillus graveolens. Finkler-Prior's Bacillus. See Spirillum Finkler-Prior. Flesh-colored Bacillus, Tils, aer., liqf. mot., chg. (pink), npg. Flowers of Wine. See Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Frankel's Pneumobacillus. See Bacil- lus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Frog- spawn Bacterium of Sugar Factories, Frog-spawn fungus. See Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Gaffkya tetragenes, Sac- cardo. See Micrococcits tetragenus, Gaffky. Gas Forming Bacillus. See Bacillus gasoformans, Eisenberg. Ginger Beer Plant, Marshall Ward. Forms jelly like, semi-transparent, yellowish- white, brain- like masses at the bottom of the fermenta- tion ; resembles Caucasian kephir grains ; it is a symbiotic association of Saccharomyces pyriformis and of Bacterium vermiforme. Glacier Bacillus. See Bacillus fluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Gliococcus, a micro- BACTERIA BACTERIA coccus with a slimy capsule. Golden Sta- phylococcus. See Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston, Beeker. Gray-white mi- crococcus, Bumm. See Diplococcus albicans amplus, Bumm. Haematococcus bovis, Babes. Zimmermann. Obtained from the blood and viscera of cattle dead of an epi- demic, infectious disease characterized by hemoglobinuria (in Roumania). aer. , fa- canaer., nliqf, pg. Hay bacillus. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Helicobacte- rium aerogenes, Miller. See Bacillus aerogenes, III, Miller. Helicobacterium klebsii, Escherich. Found in the intestine of guinea pigs, pleom. Helicomonas, Klebs. Syphilis fungus. Cf. Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Hormiscium cere- visiae, Bonard. Hormiscium vini. Hor- miscium vini et cerevisiae, Bonard. See Saccharomyces my coder ma. Hueppe's Ba- cillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe. Hygro- crocis vandelli, Meneghi. See Beggiatoa alba, Trevisan. Hypaeothrix kiihniana. See Crenothrix kiihniana. Influenza-ba- cillus. See Bacillus of Influenza, Pfeiffer. Iodococcus vaginatus, Miller. Found in unclean mouths ; gives peculiar reaction with iodin, the sheath being stained yellow, the cocci dark blue. Koch's Bacillus. Koch's Comma Bacillus, Commabacillus. See Spirillum cholera? asiaticce, Koch. Lanceo- late Coccus, Lancet-shaped Micrococ- cus, Talamon. See Bacillus septicus sputi- gemts, Flugge. Lepra-bacillus. SeeBacillus leprce, Hansen. Leptonema niveum. See Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Syn., Leptothrix gigantea, Miller. Leptothrix pidmonalis, Rasmussenia buccalis, Saccardo. Found in the mouth of man and animals. Falsely considered the cause of dental caries. Leptothrix buccalis of Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis (a),Vig- nal. Leptothrix epidermidis. Syn., Ba- cillus epidermidis, Bizzozero. Microsporon minutissimum, Burchart. Found on the epi- dermis between the toes, and held by Bizzo- zero to be nonpathogenic, but by Boeck as the cause of erythrasma. Leptothrix gigan- tea, Miller. Found on the teeth of dogs, sheep, cattle, and other animals affected with Pyorrhcea alveolaris. Some consider it identical with Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Leptothrix hyalina, Reinsch. Found on marine algae. Leptothrix innominata, Miller. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Leptothrix kiihniana. See Crenothrix kiihniana, Saccardo. Leptothrix lacrimalis. See Cladothrix fozrsteri, Cohn. Leptothrix lanugo, Kiitzing. Found on marine algae near Heligoland. Leptothrix maxima buccalis, Miller. See Bacillus buccalis maximus, Miller. Leptothrix muralis, Kiitzing. See Leptothrix parasitica. Lep- tothrix natans. See Sphcerotilus natans, Saccardo. Leptothrix ochracea, Kiitzing. Syn., Detionella ochracea, Saccardo. Clado- thrix dichotoma, Zopf. According to Zopf, this represents filaments of Cladothrix stained with oxid of iron. Leptothrix of Puer- peral Fever, Leptothrix puerperalis, Fettz. See Bacillus puerperalis, Engel and Spillman. Leptothrix parasitica, Kiitzing. Parasitic on fresh- water algae. Leptothrix pulmonalis. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Leptothrix pusilla, Rabenhorst. Found on fresh-water algae, also in the mouth, Klebs. Leptothrix symplacoides, Dickie. Found on marine algae. Leptothrix vagi- nalis. Found in the vagina of animals and women. Leptothrix variabilis, Saccardo. Found in saliva of healthy persons. Leu- conostoc mesenteroides, Van Tieghem. Syn., Ascococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski. Frog spawn bacterium of sugar factories, Frog spawn fungus. A source of great loss to the manufacturers of beet sugar, fre- quently and rapidly converting large quanti- ties of the beet juice into a mucilagino-gela- tinous mass. Liborius's Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation, Liborius. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Lis- sophyton suspectum, Hallier. See Ba- cillus lysscB, Pasteur. Melunella flexuosa, Borg. See Spirillum rtigula, Mtiller. Merismopedia chondroidea, With, Meris- mopedia glauca. See Sarcina rents, Hep- worth. Merismopedia goodsirii. See Sar- cina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopedia hyalina, Kiitzing. Sarcina hyalina, Kiitz- ing. Merismopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst. See Sarcina litoralis, CErstedt. Merismo- pedia reitenbachii, Caspary. See Sarcina reitenbachii, Caspary. Merismopedia urinae, Rabenhorst. See Sarcina urinae, Welcker. Merismopedia ventriculi, Husem. See Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopedia violacea, Kiitzing. See Sarcina violacea, Kiitzing. Metallacter anthracis, Trevisan. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Da- vaine. Metallacter tremulus, Trevisan. See Bacillus tremulus, Koch. Metallacter ulna, Trevisan. See Bacillus ulna, Cohn. Micoderma cerevisiae, Trecul. See Sac- charomyces mycoderma, Reess. Micrococcus aceti. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Micro- coccus acidi lactici, Marpmann. Found in milk ; resembles in its action Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Cf. Sphcerococcus acidi lactici. Marpman. Micrococcus acidi lactici liquefaciens, Kriiger. Found in butter and cheese, aer., facanaer., Hqfl, nmot. Micrococcus aero- genes, Miller. Found in the intestinal BACTERIA BACTERIA tract of man. aer., liqf, nmot., npg. Micrococcus agilis, Ali-Cohen. Found in drinking water, aer., lie]/., mot., npg. A motile coccus, provided with a flagellum; described by Menge. Micrococcus agilis citreus, Menge. Micrococcus (Diplo- coccus) albicans amplus, Bumm. Syn. Neisseria albicans. Frequently found in the vaginal secretions, aer., liqf., npg. Micro- coccus (Diplococcus) albicans tardus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found in eczema. aer., nliqf, nmot. Micrococcus albicans tardissimus, Eisenberg, Bumm. Found in the vaginal secretions of puerperal women. aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus liquefaciens, Von Besser. Found in the nasal secretions of healthy persons, aer., facanaer., liqf., npg. Micrococcus albus urinae. See Micrococcus urinalbus . Micro- coccus amylovorus, Burrill and Arthur. Syn. , Micrococcus of apple blight. Bacte- rium of pear blight. Produces fermentation in saccharine fluids, aer., nliqf , mot. , pg. (for apple and pear trees). Cf. Ba- cillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Micro- coccus aquatilis, Bolton. Found fre- quently in water. aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus arei celsii, Buchner and Sehlen. Syn., Bacterium decalvans, Thin. Found on the diseased hairs in alopecia areata. Cf. Bacillus of alopecia areata, Kasauli, and Micrococcus of alopecia areata, Robin- son. Micrococcus ascoformans, Johne. See Micrococcus botryogemis, Rabe. Micro- coccus aurantiacus, Cohn. Syn., Pedio- coccus aurantiacus. Found in water, aer., nliqf., chg. (orange-yellow), npg. Micro- coccus biskrae. See Micrococcus of Heyden- reich. Micrococcus blennorrhceus. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea;, Neisser. Micro- coccus bombycis, Cohn, Bechamp. Syn., Streptococcus bombycis, Bechamp. Found in the intestinal tract of silkworms and other Lepidoptera dead of the epidemic disease known in France as la facherie ; etiologic relation demonstrated by Pasteur. Micro- coccus botryogenes, Bollinger, Rabe. Syn., Bollingera equi, Saccardo ; Ascococcus johnei, Cohn ; Micrococcus ascoformans, Johne ; Micrococcus of myko-desmoids of the horse. Found in colonies in the connective tissue of horses affected with " mykodesmoids." aer. , liqf. , pg. Micrococcus candicans, Fliigge. Found abundantly in air and water, aer., nliqf. , npg. Micrococcus candidus, Cohn. Found in water, aer., nliqf., npg. Micro- coccus capillorum. Found on the scalp and said to alter the color of the hair. aer. , chg. (reddish-yellow). Micrococcus car- neus, Zimmermann. Found in water, aer., nliqf, chg. (red to violet), npg. Micrococ- cus cerasinus siccus, List, aer., nliqf., chg. (cherry-red), npg. Micrococcus cereus albus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus albus, Passet. Found in the pus of acute abscesses, and by Tils in hydrant water (Freiburg), aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus cereus aureus, Schroter and Winkler. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus aureus, S.and W. Found in the thin secretions of coryza. aer., nliqf., chg. (orange-red), npg. Micrococcus cereus fiavus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus flavus, Passet. Staphylococcus passetii. Found in an acute abscess, aer. , nliqf. , chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Micrococcus chlo- rinus. Occurs in zooglcea masses, aer., chg. (greenish-yellow), npg. Micrococcus chol- erae gallinarum, Pasteur. See Bacillus septicemia; hemorrhagica;, Sternberg. Micro- coccus cinnabareus, Fliigge. Syn., Strep- tococcus cinnabareus, Fliigge. Found in air and water, aer., nliqf., chg. (reddishTrown), npg. Micrococcus citreus, List. Syn., Staphylococcus citretis, List. Found in water, also by Lannelongue and Achard in the seat of an old osteomyelitis, aer. , nliqf. , chg. (pale-yellow), npg. Micrococcus citreus conglomeratus, Bumm. See Diplococcus citretis conglomeratus, Bumm ; Micrococcus concentricus, Zimmermann. Pound in water, aer., nliqf., sap., npg. Micrococ- cus conglomeratus, Weichselbaum. Syn., Neissera conglomerata, W. Micrococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Syn., Streptococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Found in the air. aer., liqf., npg. Micrococcus cremoides, Zim- mermann. Found in water, aer., liqf , chg. (yellowish- white), npg. Micrococcus cre- pusculum, Cohn. See Bacillus termo, Ehrenberg and Dujardin. Micrococcus cumulatus tenuis, Von Besser. Pound in abundance in the nasal mucus of man. aer. , facanaer., nliqf, npg. Micrococcus cya- neus, Schroter. Obtained from the air, on boiled potatoes. aer., chg (cobalt blue, altered to carmine by acids, restored by alka- lies). Micrococcus decalvans, Schroter. Syn. , Bacterium decalvans, Saccardo. Cf. Bacillus of alopecia areata, Kasauli, Micro- coccus arei celsii, Buchner and Sehlen ; Micro- coccus of alopecia areata, Robinson. Micro- coccus difnuens, Schroter. Found in the air, dust, and in excrement; common, aer. , nliqf., chg. (yellow, with a greenish fluores- cence; not modified by acids). Resembles Bacillus fuorescens ptitidus, Fliigge. Micro- coccus diphtheriticus, Oertel ,Cohn, Loffler. Syn., Streptococcus articulorum, Loffler. Found in the false membranes, and in the tissues of diphtheria patients ; Cornil identi- fies this with Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosen- bach, aer., nliqf, pg. Micrococcus doy- enii. See Micrococcus urine albus olearius, Doyen. Micrococcus endocarditicus. Syn., BACTERIA BACTERIA Streptococcus endocarditicus. Micrococcus endocardkidis rugatus, Weichselbaum. Found in a case of ulcerative endocarditis. aer., nliqf.,pg. Micrococcus erysipelatis, Micrococcus erysipelatos, Micrococcus erysipelatosus, Fehleisen. See Micrococ- cus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Micrococcus fermenti. See Micrococcus viniperda. Micrococcus fervidosus, Adametz. Found in water, aer., liqf., npg. Micrococcus fickii. Found in healthy and diseased eyes. Micrococcus finlayensis, Sternberg. Ob- tained from the viscera of a yellow-fever cadaver. aer., liqf., chg. (pale-yellow), npg. Micrococcus flavus. See Micrococ- cus flavus liquefaciens, Fliigge. Micrococ- cus flavus desidens, Fliigge. Found in air and water, aer., liqf., chg. (yellowish- brown), npg. Micrococcus flavus lique- faciens, Fliigge. Syn., Micrococcus flavus, Micrococcus liquefaciens. Micrococcus fla- vus tardigradus, Fliigge. Syn., Micrococcus tardigradus. Found in the air and water. aer., nliqf, chg. (dark olive-green), npg. Micrococcus fcetidus,Klamann, Rosenbach. Found in the posterior nares of man. aer., liqf. , npg. Micrococcus fervidosus, Adametz. Found in water, aer. , nliqf, npg. Micrococcus freudenreichii, Guille- beau. One of the two forms found by Guillebeau to produce ropiness in milk. aer., liqf., npg. Cf. Bacterium hessii, Guillebeau. Micrococcus friedlanderi. See Bacillus pneumonice friedlanderi. Mi- crococcus fulvus, Cohn. Syn. , Staphy- lococcia fulvus. Found in horse and rabbit dung, aer. nmot., nliqf, chg. (rose), npg. Micrococcus fuscus, Maschek. Found in water. aer. , nmot., liqf., chg. (sepia- brown), npg. Micrococcus gallicidus. See Bacillus septiccemioz hcemorrhagiccB, Sternberg. Micrococcus gelatinosus. Found in milk, which it causes to coagulate at about 22 C. Micrococcus gingivae pyogenes, Miller. Found in the mouth of a man affected with alveolar abscess, aer., facanaer., nliqf. , pg. Micrococcus gon- orrhoeae, Neisser. Micrococcus blennorrhceus, A r eissera gonorrhoea, Micrococcus gonococcus. Found in gonorrheal pus. aer. No growth on ordinary gelatin ; has been grown on acid gelatin and human blood-serum, pg. Micro- coccus griseus, Winter. See Bacterium grisettm, Warming. Micrococcus haema- todes, Babes. Syn., Micrococcus of red sweat. Found in foul sweat from the axilla. aer., chg. (red), npg. Micrococcus hava- niensis, Sternberg. Syn., Bacillus hava- niensis, Sternberg. Obtained by Sternberg in his investigation of yellow fever, aer., nliqf, chg. (blood-red). Only found in the presence of free oxygen. Micrococcus of hepatitis enzootica of hogs. See Micrococcus porcellorum. Micrococcus imetrophus, Trevisan. See Bacillus pro- digiosus, Ehrenberg. Micrococcus indicus, Koch. See Bacillus indicus, Koch. Micro- coccus influenzae, Letzerich. Syn., Strep- tococcus seiferti, Micrococcus of influenza, Seifert. See Bacillus of influenza, Pfeiffer. Micrococcus insectorum, Burrill, Strepto- coccus insectorum. Found in the cecal ap- pendages or pancreatic organs of the Chinch bug (Blissus leukopterus, Say) and the higher Hemiptera. Especially recommended as a remedy for the Chinch bug and for Halticus minutus, so damaging to the peanut. Micro- coccus intercellularis meningitidis, Neumann and Schaffer. Syn. , Micrococcus meningitidis, Neumann. Neisseria Weichsel- baumii. Found in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord in cases of cerebro-spinal meningitis. Micrococcus lacteus favi- formis, Bumm. Syn., Neisseria lactea. Frequently found in normal vaginal mucus. aer. , nliqf., npg. Micrococcus lactis viscosus, Conn. Syn., Micrococcus of bitter milk, Conn. The cause of the bitter taste of milk and cream, aer. , liqf, nmot., npg. Micrococcus liquefaciens. See Micrococcus flavus liquefaciens, Fliigge. Micrococcus lcewenbergii. Syn., Micro- coccus of ozena. Found in the secretions, in cases of ozena, aer., liqf, pg. Micrococ- cus luteus, Cohn. Found in water, the superficial soil, dust of bed-rooms, moist foods, etc. aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow), npg. Micrococcus lyssae, Neisser. Syn., Neis- seria lyssce, Micrococcus of hydrophobia, Mi- crococcus of rabies, Fob. Found in the spinal cord of rabid animals. Cornil and Babes throw doubt on the culture experi- ments of Fol. Micrococcus major, Doyen. See Micrococcus urince major, Doyen. Mi- crococcus manfredii. Syn., Streptococcus manfredii. Micrococcus of progressive granuloma formation. Found in the sputum of two cases of pneumonia following measles. aer. , nliqf., pg. Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau and Kitt. Syn., Strep- tococcus nocardi. Micrococcus of bovine mastitis, Kitt. Micrococcus of mastitis in cows. Streptococcus of mastitis in cows. Micrococcus of contagious mamrnitis. Mi- crococcus of gangrenous mastitis in sheep, Nocard. Obtained from the milk of cows and sheep affected with mastitis, aer. , fac- anaer. The form found in cattle is said to be nonliquefactive ; that of sheep liquefies both gelatin and blood-serum. Sternberg recognizes three distinct forms producing mastitis. Micrococcus meningitidis, Neu- mann. See Micrococcus intercellularis men- ingitidis, Neumann and Schaffer. Micro- BACTERIA BACTERIA coccus meningitidis purulentae, Heyden- reich. Micrococcus morbillosus. Syn. , Streptococcus morbillosus. Micrococcus na- salis, Hack. Found in the nasopharyngeal space. aer. , mot., nliqf, npg. Micro- coccus nitrificans, Van Tieghem. Found in water, aer., npg. Micrococcus, II, of Fischel. Found in the blood of two cases of influenza. aer.,facanaer.,liqf.,pg. Mi- crococcus oblongus. See Bacterium ob- longum, Boutroux. Micrococcus ochroleu- cus, Prove and Legrain. Syn., Streptococcus ochroleucus. Found in urine. aer., nliqf, chg. (sulphur yellow), npg. Micrococcus of Acute Infectious Osteomyelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Micrococcus of Alopecia areata, Von Sehlen, Robinson, Vaillard, and Vincent. Found on the hairs from the diseased patches. aer. , liqf., pg. Cf. Bacillus of Alopecia areata, and Micrococcus decalvans. Schroter. Micrococcus of Ammoniacal Urine. See Micrococcus urea:, Cohn, and Micrococcus urciE liquefaciens, Fliigge. Micrococcus of Apple Blight. See Bacillus butyricus, Botkin, Prazmowski, etc. Micrococcus of Beriberi, Lacerda. See Bacillus beri- bericus, Lacerda. Micrococcus of Biskra Button. See Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Micrococcus of Bitter Milk. See Micro- coccus lactis viscosus, Conn. Micrococcus of Bronchitis, Picchini. Three distinct forms. aer. , liqf. Cf. Bacillus of Lum- ??itzer. Micrococcus of Bovine Mastitis, Kitt. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt. Micrococcus of Bo- vine Pneumonia, Poels and Nolen. Mi- crococcus of cattle pneumonia. Found in the lungs of cattle suffering from infectious pleuropneumonia. aer., nliqf., pg. Mi- crococcus of Cerebrospinal Meningitis. See Micrococcus intercellularis meningitidis. Neumann and Schaffer. Micrococcus of Chicken Pox. See Staphylococcus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. Micrococcus of Contagious Mammitis. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt. Micrococcus of Cow Pox. See Micro- coccus variola: et vaccina;, Cohn. Micrococ- cus of Dantec. Obtained from salted cod- fish which had turned red. aer. , nliqf, chg. (yellow, changing to deep red), npg. Micrococcus of Demme. See Diplo- cocctis of pemphigus acutus, Demme. Mi- crococcus of Dental Caries. See Lepto- thrix vulgaris, Robin ; Leptothrix gigantea , Miller ; Miller 3 s epsilon bacillus, and Spirillum dentium, Arnt. Micrococcus of Dengue, McLaughlin. See Scheutzia laughlini. Mi- crococcus of Diphtheria. Streptococcus ar- ticulorum, Loffler. Micrococcus of Disse and Taguchi. Obtained from the blood, the secretions of broad condyloma, as well as the primary indurations of syphilis. Eti- ologic relations not confirmed. Micro- coccus of Drinking Water. See Micro- coccus aquatilis, Bolton. Micrococcus of Egyptian Ophthalmia. See Micrococcus of trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Micro- coccus of Endocarditis. See Streptococcus endocarditicus and Micrococcus endocarditicus rugatus, Weichselbaum. Micrococcus of Erysipelas, Fehleisen. See Micrococacs pyogenes, Rosenbach. Micrococcus of Foot and Mouth Disease. Syn. , Streptocytus of ecze?na epizootica, Schottelius, Streptocytus aphthicola, Hallier. Found in the vesicular eruptions about the mouth and feet of cattle, pigs, and sheep. Communicable to man. aer., facanaer. Pathogenesis not fully settled. Cf. Bacillus of ulcerative stomatitis of cattle. Mi- crococcus of Forbes. Found in the bodies of larvre of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapa:, affected with an infectious disease. Micro- coccus of Fowl Cholera. See Bacillus septicemia: hemorrhagica:, Sternberg. Mi- crococcus of Freire. See Cryptococcus xanthogenicus. Micrococcus of Furuncle. See Bacillus osteomyelitidis. Micrococcus of Gangrenous Mastitis in Sheep, Mi- crococcus of Gangrenous Mammitis. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt. Micrococcus of Gonorrhea. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea:, Neisser. Micro- coccus of Gray Parrot Disease. See Mi- crococcus psittaci, Eberth and Wolff. Micro- coccus of Heydenreich. Syn., Streptococcus biskre. Micrococcus of Biskra Button. Found in the tumors and ulcers characteristic of Aleppo boil or Biskra button, aer., liqf,pg. Micrococcus of Hydrophobia. See Mi- crococcus lyssae, Pasteur. Micrococcus of Infectious Osteomyelitis. See Micro- coccus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach, and Micrococais osteomyelitidis, Becker and Kraske. Micrococcus of Influenza, Seifert, Streptococcus seiferti. See Micrococais in- fluenza:, Letzerich. Micrococcus of Kirch- ner. Obtained from the sputum of patients suffering with influenza. aer.,pg. Micro- coccus of Manfredi. See Micrococcus manfredii. Micrococcus of Mastitis, Kitt. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau. Micrococcus of Measles, Klebs and Keating. Syn., Streptococcus mor- billosus, Micrococcus morbillosus. Found in the blood and exudates of persons afflicted with measles. Fliigge considers it unim- portant. Micrococcus of Mykodesmoids of the Horse. See Micrococcus botryogenes, Rabe. Micrococcus of Osteomyelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston. Micro- coccus of Ozena. See Micrococcus la-wen- bergii. Micrococcus of Pear Blight, BACTERIA BACTERIA Burrili. See Bacillus bulyricus, Prazmowski. Micrococcus of Pebrine. See Nosema bombycis, Nageli. Micrococcus of Pneu- monia. See Bacillus pneumoniae friedldnd- erii and Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge. Mi- crococcus of Progressive Abscess For- mation in Rabbits, Koch. Found in the exudates of rabbits inoculated with putrefy- ing blood, pg. Micrococcus of Progres- sive Granuloma Formation. See Mi- crococcus manfredii. Micrococcus of Progressive Tissue Necrosis in Mice, Koch. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated with putrid blood, pg. Mi- crococcus of Pyemia in Rabbits, Koch. Found in the exudates of rabbits inoculated with putrefying flesh infusion, pg. Micro- coccus of Rabies, Fol. See Micrococcus lyssce, Neisser. Micrococcus of Red Sweat. See Micrococcus hcematodes , Babes. Micro- coccus of S. Le M. Moore. See Bacillus fostidus, Liborius. Micrococcus of Salvioli. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Micrococcus of Scarlet Fever, Pohl and Pincus. See Micrococcus scarlatinas. Mi- crococcus of Septicemia in Rabbits, Koch. Syn., Streptococcus Kochii. Found in the exudates of rabbits inoculated with putrefying flesh-infusion, pg. Micrococcus of Smallpox. « See Micrococcus variola et vaccinas, Cohn. Micrococcus of Sputum Septicemia. See Bacillus septicus sputi- genus, Fliigge. Micrococcus of Swine Plague or Hog Cholera. See Bacillus of szvine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch, and Jobert, and Bacillus ex pneumo- enter itide suis, Klein. Micrococcus of Syphilis, Haberkorn and Marcus. Found in the white blood cor- puscles in cases of syphilis, aer., osc. , dig. (red). Micrococcus of Trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Syn., Neisseria rebellis. Mi- crococcus of Egyptian ophthalmia. Found in the secretions and nodules of the conjunctiva in cases of trachoma, aer., nliqf ., pg. Re- searches of Baumgarten and Kartulis go to show that this form has no etiologic relation to the diseases mentioned. Micrococcus of Vaccinia. See Micrococcus variolas et vaccines, Cohn. Micrococcus of Whoop- ing Cough, Letzerich. Found in the sputum in cases of whooping cough. See Bacillus tussis convulsive, Afanassiew. Micrococcus olearius. See Micrococcus urincB flavus olearius. Micrococcus OS; teomyelitidis, Becker. Syn., Micro- coccus of acute infectious osteomyelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Micrococcus ovalis, Escherich. Found in the meconium and feces of infants, aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus ova- tus. See Micrococcus of pebrine. Micro- coccus pasteuri, Sternberg. See Bacillus 9 septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Micrococcus petechialis. Syn., Neisseria petechia lis. Micrococcus pfliigeri, Ludwig. See Pho- tobacterium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Micrococ- cus phosphoreus, Cohn. See Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. Micrococcus plu- mosus, Brautigam. Found in water, aer. , nliqf., npg. Micrococcus pneumoniae crouposae, Sternberg. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Micrococcus pneu- moniae infectiosae, Friedlander. See Bacil- lus pneumo?iias friedldnderii. Micrococcus porcellorum. Syn., Micrococcus of Hepati- tis enzootica of hogs. Found in hogs affected with hepatitis (Russia), aer. , liqf-, pg- Mi- crococcus prodigiosus, Cohn. See Bacil- lus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Micrococcus pseudocyanus, Cohn. Found in boiled potatoes exposed to air. aer., chg. (verdigris green), npg. Micrococcus psittaci, Wolf. Syn., Streptococcus perniciosus psittacorum, Eberth and Wolf. Micrococcus of gray parrot disease. The cause of a disease of parrots re- sembling fowl cholera; fatal to many of the parrots imported from Guinea into Europe. Micrococcus putridus. A form emitting a fetid gas from gelatin when mixed with iodo- form. Micrococcus pyocyaneus, Gessard. See Bacillus pyocyaneus a, Gessard. Micro- coccus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Syn., Strep- tococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus erysipelatos, Streptococcus longus, Von Lingelsheim. Mi- crococcus erysipelatis [tos) (tosus) , Streptococ- cus of pus. Micrococcus of erysipelas, Fehleisen. Found in the pus of acute ab- scesses, and in the skin in cases of erysipelas. aer. , facanaer., nliqf., pg. Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. Syn., Sta- phylococcus pyogenes albus. Passet. Staphy- lococcus epiderrnidis albus, Welch. Frequently found in company with Micrococcus pyogenes aureus. The cause of "stitch abscesses." aer., liqf, pg. Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Syn., Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. Micrococcus of infectious osteomyelitis. The species most frequently found in pus. Obtained from various sup- purations, boils, anthrax, osteomyelitis, ulcerative endocarditis, phlegmon, etc. aer. , facanaer., liqf., chg. (brilliant golden yellow), /£-. Micrococcus pyogenes cit- reus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet. Micrococcus pyogenes flavus. Found associated with the two preceding forms first described in acute abscesses. aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , chg. (lemon yel- low), pg. Held by some to be but a variety of Micrococcus pyogenes aureus. Mi- crococcus pyogenes tenuis, Rosenbach. Syn., Micrococcus rosenbachii. Found in pus. Culture thin, varnish-like ; pathoge- nesis not settled. Cf. Micrococcus septicus, BACTERIA BACTERIA Flugge. Micrococcus pyogenes ureae flavus, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf. Diplococcus pyogenes urece, Rorsing ; Diplococcus tcrece trifoliatus , Rorsing. Mi- crococcus pyosepticus, Richet. Syn., Staphylococcus pyosepticus, Hericourt and Richet. Obtained from a carcinomatous tumor in a dog. aer., liqf, pg.; resembles Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. Micrococcus radiatus, Flugge. Syn., Streptococcus radiatus, Flugge. Found in air and water, aer., liqf., npg. Micro- coccus rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. See Bacillus rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. Mi- crococcus rosenbachii. See Micrococcus pyogenes tenuis, Rosenbach. Micrococcus rosettaceus, Zimmermann. Found in water. aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus roseus, Eisenberg. Found in the sputum of a person suffering from influenza, aer. , facanaer., liqf., chg. (pink), npg. Micro- coccus roseus, Buram. See Diplococcus roseus, Buram. Micrococcus roseus, Maggiora, Flugge. Syn., Neisseria rosea. Pound on the skin, aer., npg. Micrococ- cus salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Syn., Staphylococcus salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Found in an abscess produced in a guinea- pig by inoculation with saliva from a child affected with anginose scarlatina. aer. , liqf. , pg. Micrococcus salivarius septi- cus, Biondi. Obtained from animals after inoculation with saliva from a person with puerperal septicemia, aer., nliqf, pg. Cf. Micrococcus sialosepticus. Micrococcus scarlatinae, Micrococcus scarlatinosus, Coze and P'eltz. Syn., Perroncitoa scarlati- nosa. Micrococcus of scarlet fever, Pohl and Pincus. P'ound in the blood, on the desquamating skin, and on the palate of scar- let fever patients ; resembles Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Cf. Streptococcus rubigi- nosus, Edington, and Bacillus of scarlet fever, Crooke. Micrococcus septicus. Cohn. See Bacillus septicemics hczmoi'rhagicce, Sternberg. Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Syn., Streptococcus septicus, Flugge, and Streptococcus pyogenes , Saccardo, Streptococcus pneumonia, Weichselbaum. Found in soil. aer., nliqf, pg. Micrococcus septopy- aemicus. Syn., Streptococcus septopycemicus. Obtained from cases of phlegmonous angina and erysipelas of the larynx, aer., nliqf., pg. Resembles Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Micrococcus sialosepticus. Found in the saliva in a case of puerperal septicemia. aer., nliqf, pg. Cf. Micrococcus salivarius septicus, Biondi. Micrococcus subflavus, Flugge, Neisser. Syn., A T eisseria subflava. Yellowish-white micrococcus or diplococcus, Bumm. Obtained from the lochia of puer- peral women, and from vaginal mucus. aer. f Hqf,Pg- Micrococcus suis, Burrill. See Bacillus tardigradus. Micrococcus tardi- gradus. See Micrococcus flavus tardigradus, Pliigge. Micrococcus tetragenes, Micro- coccus tetragenus, Gaffky. Syn., Gajfkya tetragenus, Saccardo. Obtained from a cavity in the lung of a person with pulmonary tuber- culosis, aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. Micro- coccus tetragenus, Marotta. Constantly found in small-pox vesicles and pustules. aer., liqf,pg. Produces vaccinia in calves. Micrococcus tetragenus febris flavae, Finlay. Syn. , Micrococcus tetragenus versa- tilis, Sternberg. Obtained from the excre- ments of mosquitoes which had drawn blood from yellow fever patients ; also from the surface of the body in the same disease (Sternberg), aer., liqf., chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Micrococcus tetragenus mobilis ventriculi, Mendosa. Found in the con- tents of the stomach of man. aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Micrococcus tetragenus sub- flavus, Von Besser. Found in nasal mucus. aer., facanaer. (no growth in gelatin), npg. Micrococcus tetragenus versatilis, Sternberg. See Micrococcus tetragenus febris Jlavce, Finlay. Micrococcus toxicatus, Burrill. Syn., Micrococcus variolce et vaccince, Cohn. Streptococcus toxicatus, Burrill. P'ound in the poison of the poison ivy, Rhus toxicodendron. Micrococcus ulceris mol- lis. See Bacillus of chancroid, Ducrey. Micrococcus ureae, Cohn. Syn., Bacterium tcrece, Cohn. Streptococcus urea. Torula urea, Pasteur. Found in urine, in which it pro- duces ammoniacal fermentation. Micro- coccus ureae, Pasteur and Van Tieghem. Found in the air and in ammoniacal urine. aer. t facanaer., nliqf, npg. Possibly the last two forms and the Bacterium urea, Jaksch, are identical. Micrococcus ureae liquefaciens, Flugge. Syn., Streptococcus athebius. Found in ammoniacal urine, aer.. facanaer., liqf., npg. Micrococcus urin- albus. Syn., Micrococcus albus uritia, Found in the urine in cases of pyelonephritis and cystitis. Micrococcus urinae albus olearius, Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus doyen ii. Found under the same circumstances as the last form, aer., liqf Micrococcus urinae flavus olearius, Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus olearius. Found in the urine of cystitis, with the two preceding forms, aer., liqf, chg. (golden-yellow). Micrococcus urinae major, Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus major. P'ound in same circumstances as the three preceding forms. Micrococcus versatilis. P'ound on the skin of healthy persons, also in the liver, spleen and kidneys after death from yellow fever. Not sufficiently studied. Mi- crococcus versicolor, Flugge. Found in water, aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow), npg. BACTERIA BACTERIA Micrococcus viniperda. Syn., Micrococcus fermenti. Found in spoiled wine. Micro- coccus violaceus, Cohn. Found in water. aer., nliqf., chg. (violet), npg. Micrococ- cus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. Found in the lymph of a varicella pustule, aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus viscosus, Pas- teur. Found in the disease of wine known as la graisse. Micrococcus viticulosus, Fliigge, Katz. Found in air and water, aer. , facanaer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus xan- thogenicus. Cryptococcns xanthogenicus , Freire. Found in cases of yellow fever. Microhaloa rosea, Kutzing. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Microsporon minu- tissimum, Burchardt. See Bacillus epider- midis, Bizzozero. Microsporon septicum, Klebs. See Bacillus septicemics hemor- rhagica;, Sternberg. Microzyma bombycis, Bechamp. See Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn, Beck. Milkwhite Micrococcus. Bumm. See Micrococcus albicans tardissimus, Eisen- berg. Milk Yeast. See Saccharomyces lactis, Adametz. Miller's Bacillus. See Bacil- lus dentalis viridans, Miller, and Spirillum of Miller. Miller's Bacillus of the Intes- tine. See Bacillus aerogenes, I, II, III, Miller. Miller's Epsilon Bacillus. See Epsilon Bacillus, Miller. Milzbrandbacil- lus. See Bacillus anthracis , Pollender and Davaine. Monas prodigiosa, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Mo- nas termo, Miiller. See Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Mycoderma aceti. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing. Mycoderma vini, Pasteur. See Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. My- conostoc gregarium, Cohn. A spiral or crumpled condition of a filamentous schizo- mycete, perhaps Cladothrix dichotoma, Cohn. Neisseria albicans. See Micrococcus albi- cans amplus, Neisser. Neisseria citrea. See Micrococctis citreus conglomeratus,Bumm. Neisseria conglomerata. See Micrococcus conglomeratus , Weichselbaum. Neisseria gonorrhoea. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea, Neisser. Neisseria lactea. See Micrococ- cus lacteus favifortnis, Neisser. Neisseria lyssse. See Micrococcus lysse, Neisser. Neisseria petechialis. See Micrococcus pete- chialis, Neisser. Neisseria rebellis. See Micrococcus of trachoma, Sattler. Neisseria rosea. See Micrococcus roseus, Maggiora. Neisseria subflava. See Micrococcus subflavus, Fliigge. Neisseria tardissima. See Micrococcus albicans tardissimus, Bumm. Neisseria weichselbaumii. See Micrococ- cus inter cellularis meningitidis, Neumann and Schaffer. Neisseria winckleri. See Bacillus beriberictis, Lacerda. Nitrifying Bacillus of Winogradsky, Nitromonas of Winogradsky. It is found in the soil ; no growth on ordinary culture media ; one of the very few nitrifying ferments. Nosema bombycis, Nageli. Syn. Micrococcus ovatus. It is found in the organs and the blood of silk- worms suffering frompebrine. Ophidomonas jenensis,Ophidomonas sanguinea, Ehren- berg. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Orchiococcus. See Diplococcus of Orchi- tis, Hugouneng and Eraud. Oscillaria alba, Vaucher. See Beggiatoa alba, Trevi- san. Oscillaria arachnoidea, Agardh. See Beggiatoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Os- cillaria leptomitiformis, Meneghi. See Beggiatoa leptomitiformis, Trevisan. Oscil- laria tigrina. See Beggiatoa tigrina, Raben- horst. Oscillaria versatilis, Kutzing. See Beggiatoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Pal- mella infusionum, Ehrenberg. See Bacil- lus termo, Dujardin. Palmella prodigiosa, Mont. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Palmellina capillorum (Radlkoffer), Bulh. Syn., Zoogloea capillorum, Bulh. Found in the epidermis of the head ; supposed to affect the color of the hair. Panhystophyton ovatum. Syn. of Nosema bombycis. Pas- set's Putrefying Bacillus of Pus. See Bacillus pyogenes fostidus, Passet. Peach- colored Bacterium, Lankester. See Beg- giatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Pediococcus acidi lactici, Lindner. Found in hay infusion and in mash from malt. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , npg. Pediococcus albus, Lindner. Found in well water, aer. , liqf , npg. Pediococcus aurantiacus, Cohn. See Micrococcus auran- tiacus, Cohn. Pediococcus cerevisiae, Balcke. Syn., Sarcina cerevisie, Lindner. Found in beer and in the air of breweries. aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Peroncitoa scarlatinosse. See Micrococcus scarlatina;, Pohl-Pincus. Pfeiffer's Bacillus. See Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Photobacte- rium balticum, Fischer. Found in the waters of the Baltic, aer., liqf, phos., npg. Cf. Bacillus phosphorescent indigenus, Fischer. Photobacterium fischeri, Katz. Found in the waters of the Baltic, aer. , liqf, phos., npg. Photobacterium indi- cum, Fischer. See Bacillus phosphorescens, Fischer. Photobacterium luminosum, Beyerinck. Found on many of the phospho- rescent animals, crustaceous polyps, infusoria, of the North Sea. aer. , liqf , phos. , npg. Photobacterium pflugeri, Ludwig. Syn., Bacterium pflugeri, Micrococctis pflugeri. Found upon butcher's meat and upon market fish. The most phosphorescent of all light- producing bacteria. aer., liqf, phos., npg. Photobacterium phosphorescens, Fischer. See Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. Photobacterium phosphorescens, Cohn. Syn., Bacterium phosphorescens. Pink Bacillus of Spreading Edema, A. B. Harris, aer., nliqf, pleotn., chg. (pink), BACTERIA BACTERIA npg. Cf. Bacillus cedeviatis malignly Koch. Pleurococcus roseopersicina, Raben- horst. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Pneumobacillus friedlanderi. See Bacillus pneumonia: friedlanderi. Pneumobacillus liquefaciens bovis. See Bacillus lique- faciens bovis, Arloing. Pneumococcus, Friedlander's ; Pneumoniacoccus of Friedlander, Sternberg. See Bacillus pneu- monia; friedlanderi. Potato Bacillus. Applied to Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, Eliigge. Bacillus mesenterictis vulgatus, Fliigge. Bacterium mesentericum rubrum, G 1 o b i g. Pragmidiothrix multisepta, Engler. Syn. , Beggiatoa multisepta. Found in sea- water upon crustaceans (Kieler Bucht). It is distinguished from Beggiatoa by the absence of sulphur grains. Prazmowski's Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyric us, Botkin, Prazmowski. Proteus capsulatus septicus, Proteus hominis capsulatus. See Bacillus Jiominis capsulatus, Banti, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Pro- teus lethalis. See Bacillus lethalis, Babes. Proteus mirabilis. See Bacillus mirabilis, Hauser. Proteus of Karlinski. See Ba- cillus murisepticus pleomorphics, Karlinski. Proteus septicus. See Bacillus septicus, Pasteur. Proteus sulfureus. See Bacillus sulfureus, Liridenborn. Proteus sulfureus of Holochenikoff, Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. See Bacillus vulgaris, Hauser. Proteus zenkeri. See Bacillus zenkeri, Hauser. Pseudodiphtheria Bacillus, LofBer, Von Hoffmann, Roux, Yersin, and Abbott. Found in the mucus from the pharynx and tonsils of children suffering from nondiphtheric throat affections. Pseu- dodiplococcus pneumoniae, Bonome. Ob- tained from the serofibrinous exudate of a person dead of cerebrospinal meningitis. aer., nliqf, pg. Cf. Micrococcus menin- gitidis, Neumann, and Bacillus ??ieni?tgitidis purulentce, Neumann. Rasmussenia buc- calis, Saccardo. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Rauschbrand-bacillus. See Ba- cillus chauvai, Bollinger and Feser. Red Bacillus of Water. See Bacillus ruber, Frank and Becker. Saccharomyces al- bicans, Robin. Syn., Oidium albicans, Robin; the cause of thrush. Saccharomyces apiculatus, Reess. Occurs in fermented wine and beer, and, in the hot seasons, on sweet succulent fruits ; in winter, in the soil beneath the trees that bear these fruits. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Reess and Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus cerevisice, Kiitz- ing, Cryptococcus fermentatum, torula cere- visics, yeast plant. Under this heading are included a series of different yeasts. Sac- charomyces conglomeratus, Reess. As the result of Hansen's investigations this species has been dropped by recent writers. Saccharomyces ellipsoideus I, II, Han- sen, a "wild" species of wine ferment. Saccharomyces exiguus, Hansen. Found in German yeast; acts toward sugar exactly as does Saccharomyces marxianus. Sac- charomyces glutinis. Syn., Cryptococcus glutinis, Fersen. A pullulating yeast that forms beautiful rose-colored patches on cooked potatoes. Saccharomyces guttu- latus, Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus guttulatus, Robin, Winter. Found in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines of mammals, birds, and reptiles. The feces of patients suffering from tunnel anemia, or anchylostomiasis, frequently contain this species of saccharomy- ces. Saccharomyces lactis, Adametz. Syn., Milk-yeast. Found in milk, of which it ferments the milk-sugar. Saccharomy- ces marxianus. Found in wine ; acts vigorously on saccharose, inverting and fer- menting it with great activity ; it also acts on dextrose. Saccharomyces membrani- faciens. Forms a bright yellow, tough scum on beer- wort ; liquefies gelatin ; has no fer- mentative action on ordinary carbohydrates, and does not invert cane-sugar. Sacchar- omyces minor, Engel. According to En- gel this is the cause of fermentation in bread. Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Syn., Mycoderma mesentericum , Pers. Mycoderma cerevisice et vini, Desm. Hormiscium vini et cerevisice, Bonard. Mycodertna vini, Pas- teur. Mycoderma cerevisice, Trecul. Found on the surface of wine and beer, forming the so-called "flowers of wine." Saccharo- myces pasteurianus, Reess. Accord- ing to Hansen, this represents a group of three forms that cause changes in beer and wine. Saccharomyces pyriformis,Ward. Found in the fermentation of ginger-beer. A yeast which develops much C0 2 but little alcohol ; it inverts cane-sugar and fer- ments the products ; does not ferment milk- sugar, aer., facanaer. Saccharomyces ruber, Demme. Found in milk and cheese, forming red spots in the latter, and red sedi- ment in the former. nliqf Sacchar- omyces vacciniae, Pfeiffer. Found in the lymph of- a vaccinia pustule ; nothing is known of its action. Sarcina alba, Eisen- berg. Found in air and water. aer. , liqf, npg. Sarcina aurantiaca. Syn., Orange Sarcina, Koch. Found in air and water, aer. , liqf,chg. (orange yellow), npg. Sarcina aurea, Mace. Found in the pul- monary exudates of a person dead of a pneu- monia complicated with purulent pleurisy. aer., liqf., dig. (brilliant golden yellow). Sarcina botulina, Van den Corput. Found in cases of poisoning with tainted sausage [botulismus) and believed to be the active BACTERIA BACTERIA agent. Cf. Bacillus of allantiasis. Sarcina Candida, Reinke. Found in the air of breweries, aer. , liqf., npg. Sarcina cere- visiae, Lindner. Syn. , Pediococcus cerevisicB, Balcke. Found in beer and the air of brew- eries, aer. , facanaer., nliqf, npg. Sar- cina flava, De Bary. Found in beer. aer. , liqf., chg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina fusees - cens, Falkenheim. Found in the human stomach. Sarcina hyalina, Kiitzing. Syn., Meris7nopedia hyalina, Kiitzing. Found in swamps. Sarcina intestinalis, Zopf. Found in the intestines of chickens and turkeys, principally in the cecum. Sarcina litoralis, (Erstedt. Syn., Meris- mopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst, Erythroconis, CErstedt. Found in sea-water ; forms a thin reddish layer between decomposing algse on the shore. Sarcina lutea, Schroter. Found in the air and in fungus cultures, aer. , liqf. , chg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina minuta, De Bary. Occurred spontaneously in a culture of sour milk on a microscopic slide ; resem- bles Sarcina welckeri. Sarcina mobilis, Maurea. Found in old ascitic fluid. aer. , liqf, mot., chg. (brick-red). Sarcina mor- rhuae. Obtained from codfish. Sarcina of the Lungs. See Sarcina puhnonwn, Hauser. Sarcina of the Urine. See Sarcina tirine, Welcker. Sarcina palu- dosa, SchrSter. Found in bog water. Sarcina pulmonum, Hauser. Syn., Sar- cina of the lungs. Found in sputum, aer. , nliqf., npg. Sarcina reitenbachii, Cas- pary. Syn., Merisniopedium reitenbachii. Found in fresh water on decaying plants. Sarcina renis, Hepworth. Found in the lungs of persons dead of pulmonary tuber- culosis. Sarcina rosea, Menge. Found in milk and other food-stuffs. Held to be distinct from the form described by Schroter. aer., liqf., chg. (rose-red), npg. Sarcina rosea, Schroter. Found in the air. aer., liqf, chg. (intense red, giving same reaction as the pigment of Sarcina aurantiacd), npg. Sarcina urinae, Welcker. Syn., Merismo- pedia urinae, Rabenhorst. Found in the bladder ; appears to be destitute of zymotic action. Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Common in the stomach of man and animals. aer. , nliqf. , npg. Sarcina welckeri, Rossmann. Repeatedly found in the human bladder and voided for months at a time in the urine, which is usually abnormally rich in phosphates, the patient retaining good health. Scheutzia laughlini. Syn. , Micrococcus of Dengue, Staphylococcus of Dengue, Dengue Micro- coccus. Found in the blood of patients suf- fering from dengue. Pathogenetic relations not determined. Schweinerotlauf bacillus. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch. Smegma bacillus. See Bacillus of the smegma. Sphaerococcus acidi lactici, Marpmann. Found in fresh cow's milk. aer., nliqf., npg. Sphaerotilus natans, Kiitzing, Saccardo. Syn. , Leptothrix natans. Found in running and stagnant water. Old portions yellowish, younger portions color- less. Spirillum amyliferum, Van Tieghem. Found in water. Forms granulose at cer- tain developmental stages ; gives the blue reaction with iodin. Cf. Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Spirillum anserum. Syn., Spirochete anserina, Sakharoff. Found in the blood of geese affected with a fatal form of septicemia due to this microbe. A disease prevalent in the swampy regions of Caucasia. aer., mot., pg. (not for chickens). Spirillum a of Weibel. See Spirillum sapr ophites a, Weibel. Spirillum attenuatum, Warming. Found in sea water. Spirillum aureum. Syn., Vibrio aureus, Weibel. Found in the air and slime of sewers, aer., nliqf., nmot., chg. (golden yellow), npg. Spirillum (3 of 'Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiles /3, Weibel. Spirillum choleras asiaticae, Koch. Syn., Spirillum cholera. Spirillum of cholera, Bacillus of cholera, Comma bacillus of Koch. Found in the discharges of cholera patients and in the intestines of cholera cadavers. aer. , facanaer., liqf, mot., pg. Spirillum concentricum, Kitasato. Found in putrefying blood, aer. , nliqf., mot., npg. Spirillum denticola, Miller ; or, Spirillum dentium, Arnt. Syn., Spirochcete denticola, Spirochete den- tium. Found under the margins of the gums in the mouths of healthy persons ; biologic characters unknown, as it does not thrive in culture fluids. Spirillum endo- paragogicum, Sorokin. Found in a glairy, liquid exuding from a poplar tree. Spirillum finkleri, Spirillum Finkler- Prior. Syn., Vibrio proteus. Bacillus of Finkler- Prior. Found in the feces of persons affected with cholera nostras, after allowing the discharge to stand for some time. aer. , facanaer. , liqf., mot. Pathogenetic relation not con- firmed. Spirillum flavescens. Syn., Vibrio flavescetis, Weibel. Found in the slime of sewers, aer., nliqf., nmot., chg. (yellowish-green), npg. Spirillum flavum. Syn., Vibrio flavescens, Weibel. Found in the slime of sewers, aer. , nliqf , nmot. , chg. (ocher yellow), npg. Spirillum jenensis, Ehrenberg. Syn., Ophidomonas jenensis, Ehrenberg. A doubtful species. Spirillum leukomelaenum, Perty. Found in water containing decaying algae. Spirillum linguae. Syn., Vibrio lingua lis. Found in the deposit on the tongue of a mouse, after inoculation. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf, nmot., npg. (for mice). Spirillum litorale, Warm- BACTERIA BACTERIA ing. Syn. , Vibrio spirillum, Miiller ; Melunella spirillum, Borg. Found in bog water. Spirillum metschnikovi. Syn., Vibrio metschnikovi, Gameleia. Found in the intestinal contents of chickens affected with an epidemic infectious disease re- sembling fowl cholera. aer., facanaer. (/), liqf., mot., pg. Spirillum nasale. Syn., Vibrio nasale, Weibel. Found in nasal mucus, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Spirillum obermeieri, Cohn. Syn., Spirochceta obermeieri. Spirillum of relaps- ing fever. Found in the blood of persons affected with relapsing fever. aer., mot., (efforts to cultivate thus far unsuccessful) , pg. Spirillum of Asiatic cholera. Spirillum of cholera. See Spirillum cholerce asiaticce, Koch. Spirillum of Denecke. See Spir- illum tyrogenum, Denecke. Spirillum of Finkler and Prior. See Spirilhmi Jinkleri. Spirillum of Miller. Syn., Miller's bacil- lus. Found in carious teeth, aer., fac- anaer., liqf., mot., npg. Spirillum of Relapsing Fever. See Spirillum obermeieri, Cohn. Spirillum of Smith. Found in the intestines of swine, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Spirillum plicatile, Dujardin. Syn., Spirochete plicatilis, Ehrenberg ; Spirztlina plicatilis, Cohn. Found in water containing decomposing algse. Biologic characters un- determined. Spirillum rosaceum. Ob- served upon excrement in water, aer. , chg. (red), npg. Spirillum rosenbergii, Warm- ing. Found in brackish water. Contains refractive sulphur grains, aer. , mot. Spir- illum roseum, Mace. Found in a tube culture of blennorrhagic pus. aer., nliqf, mot., chg. (rose-red), npg. Spirillum rubrum, von Esmarch. Obtained from the putrefying body of a mouse, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., chg. (pink), npg. Spirillum rufum, Perty. Found in cistern water. aer., mot., chg. (rose-red), npg. Spirillum rugula, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio rugula. Found in swamp water and frequently in the alimentary canal, on the teeth, etc. aer., facanaer., mot., npg. According to Praz- mowski this species gives rise to decomposi- tion of cellulose. Spirillum sanguineum. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Spir- illum saprophiles a of Weibel. Syn., Vibrio saprophiles a of Weibel. Found in rotting hay infusion and in the slime of sewers, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Spirillum saprophiles /3 of Weibel. Syn., Vibrio saprophiles /?, Weibel. Found in rotting hay infusion, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Spiril- lum saprophiles y of Weibel. Syn., Vibrio saprophiles y, Weibel. Found in the slime of sewers, aer. , nliqf., mot., npg. Spirillum serpens, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio serpens, Miiller. Found in stagnant water containing decaying plants, etc. Biologic characters not determined. Spirillum sputigenum, Miller. Common in the neg- lected mouths of healthy persons. Does not grow on culture media. Spirillum tenue, Ehrenberg. Found in putrefying plant infusions. Biologic characters unde- termined. Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Spirillum of Denecke, Bacillus of cheese, Denecke' s cheese spirillum. Found in old cheese. aer. , facanaer., liqf, mot., pg. (for guinea pigs). Spirillum undula, Cohn, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio undula, Miiller; Vibrio prolifer, Ehrenberg. Found in zo- oglea masses in swamp water, vegetable in- fusions, etc. aer. , mot., npg. Spirillum violaceum, Warming. Found in brackish water ; cell contents violet, with a few sul- phur grains. Spirillum volutans, Ehren- berg. Syn., Vibrio spirillum, Miiller; Me- lunella spirillum, Borg. P\>und in infusions and in bog water. Biologic characters unde- termined. Spirochaete anserina, Sakha- roff. See Spirillum anseru?n. Spirochaete denticola, Miller, or Spirochaete dentium, Arnt. See Spirilhmi dentium. Spirochaete obermeieri. See Spirillum obe?-meieri, Cohn. Spirochaete plicatilis, Ehrenberg. See Spirillum plicatile, Dujardin. Spiro- monas cohnii, Warming. Found in foul water. Spiromonas volubilis, Pertz. Found in putrefying infusions and in bog water. Sporonema gracile. See Bacillus virens, Van Tieghem. Staphylococcus albus liquefaciens, Escherich, Syn., White liquefying staphylococcus. Found in the alvine discharges of healthy infants, aer. , liqf, npg. Staphylococcus biskrae. See Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Sta- phylococcus cereus albus, Passet. See Micrococcus cereus albus, Passet. Staphy- lococcus cereus aureus, Schroter and Winkler. See Micrococcus cereus aureus, S. and W. Staphylococcus cereus flavus, Passet. See Micrococcus cereus flavus, Pas- set. Staphylococcus citreus. See Micro- coccus citreus, List. Staphylococcus epi- dermidis albus, Welch. See Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. Staphylo- coccus of Dengue, McLaughlin. See Scheutzia laughlini. Staphylococcus of pemphigus, De Michele. Obtained from " the skin, kidney, and spleen of a case of pemphigus chronica. Staphylococcus pas- setti. See Micrococcus cereus flavus, Passet. Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, Rosen- bach. See Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston, Becker. See Micrococ- cus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Sta- phylococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet. See Micrococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet. BACTERIA BACTERIA Staphylococcus pyosepticus, Hericourt and Ricbet. See Micrococcus pyosepticus, Richet. Staphylococcus salivarius pyo- genes, Biondi. See Micrococcus salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Staphylococcus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. Syn., Micrococcus of chicken-pox. Found in the vesicles of varicella, aer. , nliqf. , chg. (greenish-yellow) , npg. Streptococcus acidi lactici, Groten- feldt. Found in coagulated milk in Finland. anaer. (not strictly), nliqf., npg. Strep- tococcus aethebius. See Micrococcus urece liquefaciens , Fliigge. Streptococcus albus, Maschek. Found in hydrant water (Freiburg). aer., liqf., npg. Streptococcus apthicola, Hallier. See Streptocytus of eczema epizoo- tica, Schottelius. Streptococcus articu- lorum, Loffler. Syn., Micrococcus of diph- theria. Obtained from the affected mucous membrane in cases of diphtheria. Possibly a variety of Micrococcus pyogenes, pg. (for mice). Streptococcus bombycis. See Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn. Streptococ- cus brevis, Von Lingelsheim. Obtained from normal human saliva, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , npg. Streptococcus cadaveris, Sternberg. Found in the liver of a yellow- fever cadaver, aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Probably identical with the preceding species. Streptococcus cinnabareus. See Micro- coccus cinnabareus, Fliigge. Streptococcus coli gracilis, Escherich. Found in the feces of healthy children living on a meat diet, aer., facanaer., liqf, npg. Strep- tococcus conglomeratus, Kurth. Ob- tained from cases of scarlet fever, pg. (for mice). Streptococcus coronatus, Fliigge. See Micrococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Strep- tococcus coryzse contagiosa^ equorum, Schiitz. Found in the pus from affected lym- phatic glands in horses suffering with the dis- ease known in Germany as Druse des Pferdes. aer., facanaer., pg. (for horses and mice), npg. (for rabbits, guinea pigs, and pigeons). Streptococcus endocarditicus. See Mi- crococcus eiidocarditicus rugatus, Weichsel- baum. Streptococcus erysipelatis (ery- sipelatos), Fehleisen. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus fer- menti. See Micrococcus viniperda. Strep- tococcus giganteus urethrse, Lustgarten and Manneberg. Found in the healthy human urethra, aer., npg. Streptococcus havaniensis, Sternberg. Found in the acid vomit of a yellow-fever patient. Biologic characters undetermined. Streptococcus in - sectorum, Burrill. See Micrococcus insecto- rum, Burrill. Streptococcus kochii. See Micrococcus of septicemia in rabbits, Koch. Streptococcus lanceolatus pasteuri, Gamaleia. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Streptococcus liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained from the intestines and livers of yellow-fever cadavers, aer. , fac- anaer., liqf., npg. Streptococcus longus, von Lingelsheim. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus lucae. See Micrococcus ulceris mollis. Streptococcus manfredii. See Micrococcus manfredii. Streptococcus meningitidis. See Micro- coccus intercellularis meningitidis, Naumann and Schaffer. Streptococcus monomor- phus, Bujwid, Heryng. Found in benign pharyngeal ulcers. npg. Streptococcus morbillosus. See Micrococcus of measles. Streptococcus nocardi. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard. Streptococcus ochro- leukus. See Micrococcus ochroleukus, Prove and Legrain. Streptococcus of Bonome. Obtained from the exudations in the cerebro- spinal meninges and from hemorrhagic extra- vasations in the lungs, in cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. pg. (for white mice and rabbits). Streptococcus of gran- uloma fungoides, Rindfleisch and Auspetz. See Streptococcus of mycosis fungoides. Streptococcus of Manneberg. Obtained from the urine in cases of acute nephritis. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , pg. (for dogs and rabbits). Streptococcus of Mastitis in Cows. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau. Streptococcus of Myco- sis fungoides. Streptococcus of granuloma- fungoides, Rindfleisch and Auspetz. Found in the capillaries and subcutaneous tissue in the parts affected by this disease. Not suf- ficiently investigated. Streptococcus of Pus. See Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge. Streptococcus perniciosus psittacorum, Eberth and Wolf. See Micrococcus psittaci, Wolf. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Weich- selbaum. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Fliigge. Streptococcus putrefaciens. Micrococ- cus of putrefaction. Refers to any one of the many micrococci found in putrefying sub- stances. Streptococcus pyogenes, Rosen- bach. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus pyogenes, Saccardo. See Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge. Streptococcus pyogenes maligni, Krause and Fliigge. Found in necrotic masses in a leukemic spleen, pg. (for mice and rabbits). Strep- tococcus pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf. Micrococcus pyogenes ure&flavus, Rorsing. Streptococcus radi- atus. See Micrococcus radiatus, Fliigge. Streptococcus rubiginosus, Edington. Found in cases of scarlatina, npg. Does not appear till late in the disease. Strep- tococcus seiferti. See Micrococcus influ- enza, Letzerich. Streptococcus septicus, Fliigge. See Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge. Streptococcus septicus liquefaciens, Babes. Obtained from the blood and viscera BACTERIA BACTERIOID of a child that died of septicemia following scarlatina, aer. , liqf., pg. (for mice and rabbits). Streptococcus septopysemicus. See Micrococcus sept opy amicus, Biondi. Streptococcus toxicatus. See Micrococcus toxicatus, Burrill. Streptococcus ureae. See Micrococcus urece, Cohn. Streptococ- cus ureae rugosus, Rorsing. Found in urine. Streptococcus vermiformis, Ma- schek. P'ound in hydrant water (Freiburg), aer. liqf. , npg. Streptocytus of Eczema epizoo- tica, Schottelius. Syn., Streptococcus apthi- cola, Hallier. Micrococcus of foot-and-mouth disease. Found in vesicular eruptions about the mouth and feet of cattle, pigs, and sheep. Communicable to man. aer. , facanaer. Pathogenesis not fully settled. Cf. Bacillus of ulcerative stomatitis of cattle. Strepto- thrix fcersteri, Cohn. See Cladothrix fcer- steri, Cohn. Swine Plague Schizophyte, Detmers. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch, and Jobert. Syphilis Bacillus. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lust- garten. Syphilis Bacillus of Eve and Lingard. Obtained from the blood and diseased tissues of syphilitic persons who have not undergone mercurial treatment. aer. , chg. (pale yellow or brown). Patho- genetic relations not settled. Not stained by Lustgarten's method; capable of develop- ment on blood-serum. Tetanus Bacillus. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Thiothrix nivea. See Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Thiothrix tenuis, Winogradsky. Found in sulphur springs. Thiothrix tenuissima, Winogradsky. Found in sulphur springs. Torula cerevisiae. See Saccharomyces cere- visice, Reess and Robin. Torula ureae, Pasteur. See Micrococcus urece, Cohn. Tubercle bacillus. See Bacillus tuberculo- sis, Koch. Typhus bacillus. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth. Tyrothrix cat- enula. T. claviformis. T. distortus. T. filiformis. T. geniculatus. T. scaber. T. tenuis. T. turgidus. T. urocephalus. T. virgula. See the corresponding terms under Bacillus, Ulvina aceti, Kiitzing. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Urobacillus duclauxi, Miquel. Found in sewage and river water, aer., facanaer. , mot., liqf. Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus freudenreichii, Miquel. Obtained from air, dust, sewage, aer., liqf, mot. Pathogene- sis not determined. Urobacillus maddoxi, Miquel. Obtained from sewage and river water, aer. , liqf , mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus pasteuri, Miquel. Obtained from decomposing urine, aer., liqf, mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus schutzenbergii, Miquel. Ob- tained from sewage and river water, aer., Itqf, mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Vibrio aureus, Weibel. . See Spirillum aureum. Vibrio bacillus, Miiller, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus ulna, Cohn. Vibrio cholerae. See Spirillum cholerce asiaticce, Koch. Vibrio cyanogenus, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Vibrio flaves- cens, Weibel. See Spirillum Jlavescens, Weibel. Vibrio flavus, Weibel. See Spirillum Jlavum , Weibel. Vibrio lineola, Miiller and Ehrenberg. See Bacte7'iu?n lineola, Cohn. Vibrio lingualis. See Spirillum Ungues, Weibel. Vibrio met- schnikovi, Gamaleia. See Spirillum met- schnikovi, Gamaleia. Vibrio nasalis, Wei- bel. See Spirillum nasale, Weibel. Vibrio proteus. See Spirillum finkleri. Vibrio rugula, Miiller. See Spirillum rugula, Miiller. Vibrio saprophiles a, Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiles a, Weibel. Vibrio saprophiles (3, Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiles j3, Weibel. Vibrio saprophiles y, Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiles y, Weibel. Vibrio serpens, Miiller. See Spirillum serpens, Miiller. Vibrio syn- cyanus, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus cyanoge- nus, Fuchs. Vibrio synxanthus, Ehren- berg. See Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Vibrio tremulans, Ehren- berg. See Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Vibrio undula, Miiller. See Spirillum undula, Miiller. Vibrio Xanthogenus, Fuchs. Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Violet Bacillus. See Bacillus Janthinus, Zopf. Zooglcea capillorum, Buhl. See Palmellina capillorum, Radl- kofer. Zooglcea termo, Miiller, Cohn. See Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Zooglcea ramigera. A tree-like variety of Cladothrix dichoto/na. Zoogalactina imetropa, Sette. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacteriaceae {bak-te-re-a' -se-e) [fianrf/piov, a little stick]. The Schizomycetes. Bacterial (bah-te'-re-al) \_QaKT7)piov, a little stick]. Resembling, of the nature of, or derived from bacteria. Bactericidal (bah-te-ris-? v -dal) [pa/cri/p/ov, a little stick; ccedere, to kill]. Destructive to bacteria. Bactericide (bah-te'-ris-ld) [fiaK-?/piov, a little stick ; ccedere, to kill]. I. Destructive to bacteria. 2. An agent that destroys bac- teria. Bacteridium {bak-ter-id' '-e-uni) [fianrripior, a little stick]. According to Davaine, a genus of Bacteriacecz characterized by immobility of the elements at all periods of their exist- ence. The distinction does not now obtain. Bacterioid (bah-te'-re-oid) [3aKT>/piov, a little stick; eidog, form]. Applied to certain microorganisms flourishing in and around the roots of leguminous plants, assisting in the accumulation of nitrogen, and giving rise to BACTERIOLOGIST BALSAM tubercles. They may be cultivated in artifi- cial media like ordinary bacteria. Bacteriologist (bak-te-re-ol f -o-jist) \jianrripiov, a little stick; Aoyog, science]. One who makes a special study of bacteriology. Bacteriology (bak-te-re-oF-o-je) \_fiaKTrjpiov, a little stick ; Aoyog, science]. The science concerned with the study of bacteria. Bacterioprotein (bak-te-re-o-pro'-te- in) [j3aiiTrjpiov, a little stick; npuTog, first]. A protein contained in bacteria. Bacteriopurpurin (bak-te-re-o-per' ' -pu-rhi) \_(3aiiT/jpim>, a little stick; purpura, purple]. A peach-colored pigment found by Lankester in the protoplasm of Beggiatoa roseopersicina. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ' ammonia, acetic and sulphuric acids. Bacterioscopic (bak-te-re-o-skop f -ik) \Qo.k- ri/piov, a little stick; gkotzsIv, to view]. Pertaining to bacterioscopy. Bacterioscopy (bak-te-re-os' '-ko-pe) \_f3atcT7/- piov, a little stick; aicoirelv, to view]. The microscopic study of bacteria. Bacteriotherapy (bak-te-re o-ther' ' -ap-e)\J$aK- rfjpLov, a little stick; dspaweia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by the introduction of bacteria into the system. Bacterium (bak-te' '-re-uni) \_(3aKT?/piov, a little stick; dim. of [iaKTripia, a stick, staff: pi. , Bacterid\. I. A unicellular vegetable mi- croorganism. The word is a generic term and includes the groups bacillus, coccus, and spirillum. 2. Formerly, a genus of fungi characterized by inflexible linear filaments. Bacteroid (bak r -ter-oid) [ftaKrfjpLov, a little stick; slSog, form]. Resembling bacteria. Bael (ba'-el). See Bela. Bag (bag) [AS., baelg\ I. A sac. 2. The scrotum. B., Barnes's. A rubber bag shaped somewhat like a lyre, used for dilat- ing the cervical canal. B., Politzer's, a soft rubber bag for inflating the middle ear. B. of Waters, the fetal membranes enclosing the liquor amnii and projecting through the os titeri early in labor. The sac usually ruptures when the cervix is dilated. Bagnio (ban' -yd) [It. , bagno\ I. A house of prostitution. 2. A bath-house. Bakers' Itch. An eczematous affection of the hands, caused by the irritation of the yeast. B. Leg, knock-knee, or genu valgum. B. Salt, a synonym of smelling salts, or the car- bonate of ammonium; it is sometimes used by bakers in leavening cakes. Balance (bal'-ans) \bilanx, having two scales]. I. An instrument for weighing. 2. The harmonious adjustment of related parts. Balanic (baF-an-ik) \_fid/\.avog , the glans penis]. Pertaining to the glans of the penis or of the clitoris. Balanitis (bal-an-i'-tis) [fia/\avog, the glans penis; irtg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans penis. Balanoblennorrhea (bal-an-o-blen-o-re' '-ah) \j^akavog, the glans ; fitevva, mucus ; poia, a now]. Gonorrheal balanitis. Balanoplasty (balan'-o-plas-te) \_{5aAavog, the glans penis; -KAdoaeLv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the glans penis. Balanoposthitis (bal-an-o-pos-thi' '-tis) \fia- AavoQ, the glans penis ; irda&Tj, prepuce ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans penis and of the prepuce. Balantidium (bal-an-tid* '-e-uni) [ftaAavruhov, dim. of fia'AavTiov, a bag]. A genus of pro- tozoa. B. coli, a protozoan parasite that inhabits the intestine of the pig. Balbuties (bal-bu'-she-ez) \balbutire, to stam- mer]. Stammering. Baldness (bawld'-nes) [ME., balde, bald]. Loss of hair ; alopecia. Ball (bawl) [ME., bal]. An object having a round or spheric shape. B.-and-Socket Joint. See Diarthrosis and Enarthrosis. B. Thrombus. See Thrombus. Ballottement (bal-oF-mon(g) ) [Fr. , from ballotte, a ball]. A method of diagnosticat- ing pregnancy from the fourth to the eighth month. A push is given the uterus by the finger inserted into the vagina, and if the fetus be present, it will rise and fall again like a heavy body in water. Balm (bah in) \_balsamum, a balsam]. I. A popular synonym of balsamuni. 2. Any soothing application or ointment. B. of Gilead. See Balsam, Abies, and Melissa. Balneography (bal-ne-og' -ra-fe) \_balneum, a bath; ypdipr/, a writing]. A treatise on bathing and baths. Balneology (bal-ne-oV - o-je) \_balneum, a bath ; AoyoQ, science]. The science of baths and their effects upon the system. Balneotherapy (bal-ne-o-ther' '-ap-e) [bal- neum, a bath ; depaiteia, treatment]. System- atic bathing for therapeutic purposes, or the treatment of disease by baths. Balneum (bal f -ne-um) [L. ]. A bath. See Bath. B. arenae, a sand-bath. See Am- motherapy . B. lacteum, a milk-bath. B. luteum, a mud-bath. B. pneumaticum, an air-bath. Balsam (bawF-sam) \_fia/\ca[iov , the resin of the balsam tree]. The resinous, volatile, aromatic substance, liquid or solid, obtained from certain trees by natural exudation or by artificial extraction. Balsams are divided into two classes, those with, and those with- out benzoic and cinnamic acids. In general they are mixtures of various essential oils, resins, and acids. B. Apple, the plant Momordica balsamina, and its warty, gourd- like fruit. It is purgative, but its tincture is chiefly used in domestic medicine as a vul- BALSAMATION BANDAGE nerary. Unof. B. Bog, a singular stone- like, woody, umbelliferous plant, Bolax, or Azorella glebaria, of the Falkland Islands and Patagonia. Its aromatic gum is locally prized as a vulnerary, desiccative, and anti- gonorrheal remedy. Unof. B., Canada, a turpentine gathered from the natural blisters of the bark of Abies balsamum. It is used as a mounting-medium by microscopists. B. of Copaiba. See Copaiba. B. of Fir. Same as Canada Balsam. B., Friar's. See Benzoin. B. of Gilead, the balm of the Old Testament ; an oleoresin ob- tained from the Balsamodendron gileadense. B. of Peru, the balsam obtained from Myroxylon pereirce ; antiseptic, stimulant to the circulation, and sedative to the nervous system, tonic, and expectorant. Applied locally, it is useful in chronic inflammatory skin-diseases. Dose of the emulsion Tr^x- xxv (0.65— 1.6). B. Root, a popular name for certain composite-flowered plants of the genus Balsamorrhiza. B. hookerii, B. macrophylla, B. sagittata are common in the Pacific States and abound in a resinous bal- sam. Unof. B. of Tolutan, or of Tolu, obtained from Myroxylon toluifera. Its pro- perties are due to a volatile oil, toluene. It possesses an agreeable odor, and is a basis for many cough-mixtures. It is expectorant. Tinct. tolntana contains 10 per cent, of the balsam in 90 per cent, of alcohol. Dose TT^x— xxx (0.65-2.0). Syr. tolntanns. Dose f^j-ij (4.0-8.0). Balsamation {bawl-sam-a' '-shun) [(3a?,(jafjov, the resin of the balsam tree]. Embalmment with balsamic or aromatic spices. Balsamic (bawl-sam'-ic) [f3a?ioa/.wv , the resin of the balsam tree]. Having the nature or qualities of a balsam. Balsamodendron {bawl - sam-o-den' -dron). See Myrrh and Bdellium. Balsamum {bal f -sam-um) \_fiakaanov, bal- sam]. A balsam. B. dipterocarpi. See Gurjun Balsam. Balser's Fat-Necrosis. See Diseases, Table of. Bamberger's Fluid. An albuminous mer- curic compound used in the treatment of syphilis. It is made as follows: To 100 c.c. of a filtered solution of white of egg (con- taining 40 c.c. of albumin and 60 c.c. of water) there are added 60 c.c. of a solution of mercuric chlorid (containing 5 per cent., or 3 grams, of bichlorid of mercury) and 60 c.c. of a solution of sodium chlorid (con- taining 20 per cent.); finally, 80 grams of distilled water are added, which brings the bulk of the solution up to 300, containing 0.010 mercuric chlorid in every cubic centi- meter. Bamboo (bam-boo f ) [E. Ind., bambu~\. A popular name for many tree-like, woody- stemmed grasses, especially those of the genus Bambusa. B. arundinacea is em- ployed as an alterative, anthelmintic, and de- purative. Unof. B. Brier, the root of Smilax sarsaparilla, habitat, Southern United States. Its properties are identical with those of sarsaparilla. Dose of the fid. ext. fzss-ij (2.0-8.0). Unof. Banana {ban-an f -ah) [Sp.]. The fruit of the common banana, Musa sapientum, said to be a valuable alterative, and useful in strumous affections. Dose of the fid. ext. rr\,x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Unof. Band {band) [ME., bande\ That which binds. A stripe. A ligament. B., Axis, the primitive streak. B., Belly, a flan- nel band wound around the abdomen. B., Head, a strap for securing a mirror to the forehead. B., Horny, of Tarinus, the fore part of the taenia semicircularis. B., Moder- ator. See B., Beit's. B., Reil's, a fibro- muscular fillet that frequently extends across the right ventricle of the heart ; it is also called the moderator band. B. of Remak. See Fiber, axial ; also Pur/cinje, Axis Cyl- inder of. B. of Tarinus. See B., Horny. Bandage {ban'-daj) [Fr., bande, a strip]. Bandages are usually strips of muslin or other material, of varying widths and lengths, used in surgery for the purpose of protecting, com- pressing, etc., a part, or for the retention of dressings and applications. A simple ban- dage or roller consists of one piece ; a com- pound, of two or more pieces. Starch, plaster- of- Paris, silica, dextrin, tripolith, etc., etc., are used for making stiff and immovable dressings or bandages. According to their direction bandages are classed as : I . Circu- lar, circular turns about the part. 2. Figure- of-8, the turns crossing each other like the figure 8. 3. Oblique, covering the part by ob- lique turns. 4. Recurrent, the turns return- ing successively to the point of origin. 5. Spica, the turns resembling the arrangement of the husks of an ear of corn. 6. Spiral, each turn covering one-half of the preceding. 7. Spiral reverse, the bandage is reversed in order better to adapt it to the part. Ban- dages are also classed according to the part to which they are applied. B., Genga's. See B., Theden's. B., Heliodorus's, the T-bandage. B., Hueter's, a spica bandage for the perineum. B., Langier's, a many- tailed paper bandage. B., Larrey's, a form of many-tailed bandage, the edges being glued together. B., Maisonneuve's, a variety of pi aster- of- Paris bandage, formed from cloths folded, these being supported by other bandages. B., Recurrent, is used after amputations, to support the flaps of the stump. B., Richet's, a form of plaster- BANDAGE BANDAGE Crossed Bandage of Eoth Eyes. Barton's Bandage. T-Bandage of the Eye. The Six-tailed Bandage of Galen. Recurrent Bandage of the Head. — (Moullin.) Transverse Recurrent Bandage of the Head. {Moullin.) Four-tailed Bandage of the Head. Agnew's Bandage.— (Moullin.') Four-tailed Bandage of the Head. Gibson's Bandage. — {Moullin.) BANDAGE Anterior Figure-of-3 Bandage of the Ciiest. Suspensory and Compressor Bandage of the Breast. Spiral Bandage of the Chest. Desault's Bandage. Posterior Figure -of -8 Bandage of the Chest. Spica Bandage of ShoulJer. Velpeau's Bandage. Double Spica Bandage of the Groins, BANDAGE BANDAGE Eight-tailed Bandage of the Abdomen.— {Moullin.) Ascending Spica Bandage of the Groin.— (Moulhn.) Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Elbow. — {Moulhn.) Spiral Bandage of the Finger. Gantlet Bandage. Spica Bandage of the Thumb— {Horwitz.) Demigantlet Bandage. BANDAGE BANDAGE Modified Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Lower^Extremity.— {Moullin.) Spiral Reversed Bandage of the Forearm (or Leg). — {Moullin.) Recurrent Bandage of Stump. Spica Bandage of the Foot.— {Moullin.) Figure-of-8 Bandage of Ankle.— {Horwitz.) Esmarch's Bandage.— {Horzvitz.) BANEBERRY BAROGRAPH of- Paris bandage to which a small amount of gelatin has been added. B. of Scultetus, a compound bandage, similar to a spiral reverse in appearance and action, used in compound fractures, so that the short pieces of which it is composed may be removed without motion of the limb. T. -Bandages bandages shaped like the letter T. B., The- den's, a form of roller bandage applied from below upward over a graduated compress, to control hemorrhage from a limb. (For a more complete description of bandages, with illustrations, see Gould's Illustrated Dic- tionary.} Baneberry {ban'-ber-e). See Actcea. Bang, Bhang, or Bangue {bang). See Cannabis indica. Banian {ban' -yan) [Ar., banyan, a trader]. A South Asiatic fig-tree, Ficus bengalensis, remarkable for the development of roots and secondary trunks from its branches. The bark and seeds are tonic, diuretic, and anti- pyretic. Unof. Bantingism {ban' ' -ting-izm) [from Banting, the name of the inventor]. A method for the treatment of obesity, consisting in the absti- nence from saccharine and farinaceous foods. Banyan {ban' -yan). See Banian. Baobab Tree. See Adansonia digitata. Baptin {bap' -tin) [fScntTiatg, a dipping]. A purgative glucosid, obtainable from Bap- tisia tinctoria. Baptisia {bap-tiz' '-e-ah) [P&tttigic, a dipping]. Wild Indigo. The root bark of B. tinctoria the properties of which are due to an impure glucosid, the so-called Baptisin. It is laxative and stimulant in moderate doses ; emetic and cathartic in large doses, and is used in amenorrhea, typhus and typhoid fevers, and as a local application to indolent ulcers and gangrenous sores. B., Extract. Dose gr. j-x (0.065-0.65). B., Ext. Fid. Dose M\ij-xx (0.13-1.3). B., Tinct. Dose rr^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). Dose of the resin gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). All unof. Baptisin {bap'-tiz-in) [j3d7rr/.aig, a dipping]. 1. A precipitate from the tincture of Baptisia tinctoria; antiseptic, purgative, ecbolic, re- solvent. Dose gr. j-iij (0.065-0.2). Unof. 2. A bitter glucosid obtainable from the plant, Baptisia tinctoria ; it has little medici- nal activity. Baraquet {bar-ah-kwet') [Fr.]. Synonym of Influenza. Barba {bar' -bah) [L.]. The beard. Barbadoes Leg {bar- ba'-doz leg). See Elephantiasis Arab urn. B. Aloes. See Aloes. B. Nut. See Purging Nut. Barbaloin {bar-bal' '-o-in) [Barbadoes ; akorj, aloe], C n H 20 O r . The aloin derived from Barbadoes aloes. Barber's Itch {bar'-berz ich). Tinea barbae. Barberry {bar' -ber-e). See Berberis. B. Gum, a commercial name of certain varie- ties of gum-arabic. Bardana {bar-da' -nah) [L.]. The burdock. See lappa. Baregin {bar-a'-zhin). See Glaisin. Baresthesiometer {bar-es-the-ze-om' -et-er) [[3dpog, weight ; aiadrjoic, perception ; fxerpov, a measure]. An instrument for esti- mating the sense of weight or pressure. Baric {ba'-rik) [fiapog, weight]. Pertaining to or containing barium. Barilla {bar-il'-ah) [Fr. , barille, impure soda]. The ashes obtained by burning vari- ous chenopodiaceous plants of the genera Salicornia and Salsola. They contain about 30 per cent, of sodium carbonate. Barium {ba'-re-um) [ftapog, weight]. Ba = 1,36. 8; quantivalence II. A metal of the group of alkaline earths, of pale, yellow color, characterized by a strong affinity for oxygen. The salts are poisonous. B. Carbonate, BaC0 3 , used in the prepara- tion of the chlorid. B. Chlorid, BaCl 2 .- 2H 2 0, soluble, used as a test for sulphates, which it precipitates as barium sulphate, and also as a cardiac and vasomotor stimu- lant. Dose gr. ss-v (0.032-0.32). B. Hy- drate, Ba(OH) 2 , caustic baryta; a crystalline substance, soluble in water, and used as a test for sulphates, which it precipitates as barium sulphate. B. Iodid, formerly used as an alterative. Dose gr. |- (0.008). It is employed in ointments. Unof. B. Oxid, BaO, baryta. B. Sulphate, BaS0 4 . Bark {bark) [ME., barke\. I. The cortex or covering surrounding the wood of exo- genous trees. 2. A synonym of cinchona or calisaya bark. B., Peruvian. See Cinchona. (For, other barks, see the names of the plants or trees that produce them.) Barley {bar'-le) [ME., barly\ A cereal be- longing to the order Gramineoe ; the most common variety, Hordeum distichon, is used as a food, and also in the preparation of malt. B. Decoct. (B. P.). Dose fgj- iv (32.0-128.0). B., Pearl, is the decorti- cated grain, rounded and polished. B. Water, decoctum hordei, a decoction consist- ing of two ounces of Pearl B. boiled in one and one-half pints of water and afterward strained. It is used as a demulcent and food in the diarrheas of children. Barnes's Curve [Barnes, an English ob- stetrician]. In obstetrics, the segment of a circle, having for its center the sacral promontory, its concavity looking backward. B.'s Dilators, graduated rubber bags used for dilating the cervix uteri in the induction of abortion or premature labor. Barograph {bar' -o-graf)\_Qapog , weight; ypd- (j)eiv, to record]. A self-registering barometer. BAROMETER BASILAR Barometer [bar-om f -et-er) \_fiapog, weight ; juerpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- termining the weight and tension of the atmosphere. It consists essentially of a glass tube about 36 inches long, closed at one end, filled with mercury, and inverted in a basin of mercury. The mercury will sink in the tube until it rests at a height of about 30 inches (760 mm.) at the sea-level, the height varying as the atmospheric pressure increases or diminishes. B., Aneroid, a metallic box from which the air has been exhausted, the tension being indicated by the collapsing or bulging of the thin corrugated cover, which is connected with a movable index. B. -maker's Disease, a form of chronic mercurial poisoning among the work- men who make barometers. It is due to the inhalation of the fumes of mercury. Barometrograph [bar-o-met' -ro-graf). See Barograph. Baroscope (bar' '-o-skop) [(lapoc, weight ; gkottsIv, to observe]. An instrument used for determining the loss of weight of a body in air, compared with its weight in a vacuum. A form of baroscope has been invented by Esbach for the quantitative determination of urea. Barosma [bar- oz f -mail) \_ftdpog, weight ; bap?/, smell]. A plant of the order Rutacea:, native to the Cape of Good Hope and vicinity, several species of which yield the Buchu of commerce. Barosmin [bar-oz r -miii) [/Mpoc, weight ; oa/u?/, smell]. A precipitate from the tincture of Barosma crenata. Dose grs. ij-iij (0.13— 0.2). Unof. Bartholin, Duct of (bar'-tho-lin). An ex- cretory duct of the sublingual gland emptying into Wharton's duct. B., Glands of, the vulvovaginal glands, a pair of glands situated at the entrance of the vagina, one on each side, and corresponding to Cowper's glands in the male. Barton's Fracture. See Diseases, Table of. Baruria {bar-u r -re-aJi) \_BapoQ, weight ; ovpov, urine] . The passage of urine having a high specific gravity ; also the condition of the body associated therewith. Baryencephalia [bar - e - en - sefa / - le - ah) [ftapvc, heavy; synetyaTioc, brain]. Dulness of intellect. Baryglossia [bar-e-glos f -e-ah)\fiapvq, heavy; yTiuaaa, a tongue]. Thick, slow utterance. Barylalia [bar-e-la f -le-aJi) \fiapvq, heavy ; XaXid, speech]. Thickness of speech. Baryta, or Barytes [bar-i'-tah, or bar-i f -tes) [fiapvc, heavy]. Oxid of barium. See Barium. Barythymia [bar - e - thi f - me - ah) [/3ft/){»c, heavy; dvpoc, mind]. A melancholy, gloomy, or sullen state of mind. Basal [ba / -sal) [ftacig, a foundation]. Per- taining to or located at the base. B. Ganglia, the optic thalamus and corpus striatum of the brain. Bascule Movement [bas'-kfd moov f -menf) [Fr., bascule, a swing]. The recoil of the heart in its systolic motion. Base [bds) [fiaoig, a foundation]. The low- est part of a body or the foundation upon which anything rests. In chemistry, an ele- ment or radicle that combines with an acid to form a salt. The electropositive mole- cule or radicle of a compound. In phar- macy, the most important part of a pre- scription. Basedow's Disease. Exophthalmic Goiter, or Graves' Disease. See Goiter and Dis- eases, Table of. Basement [bds'-ment) [Fr. , bassement]. The fundamental portion. B. Membrane. See Membrane. Bas-fond [bahfon(g)) [Fr.]. The floor 01 lowest portion of the urinary bladder. Basham's Mixture. Liquor ferri et ammo- nii acetatis. Basial [ba'-ze-al) [/Moyc, a foundation]. Re- lating to a base, or to the basion. Basic [ba'-sih) [(3acic, a foundation]. Hav- ing properties of a base; i.e., capable of neutralizing acids. Basicity [bas-is' '-it-e) \_fiaoiq, foundation]. 1. The quality of being basic. 2, The com- bining power of an acid. Basicranial [bas-e-kra' '-ne-al) [/Move, founda- tion ; icpaviov, the skull]. Relating to the base of the skull. B. Axis, a line running from a point midway between the occipital condyles through the median plane to the junction of the ethmoid and presphenoid. Basifacial [bas-efa / -shal)^(3daig, foundation ; fades, face]. Pertaining to the lower por- tion of the face. B. Axis, in craniometry, a line from the anterior point of the premax- illa to the anterior point of the basicranial axis. Basihyal [bas-e-hi / -al) [ffdctg, foundation ; voetfirjQ, from v, upsilon ; eldog, resemblance]. Either one of the two bones, one on each side, that form the principal part of the body of the hyoid arch. Basihyoid [bas-e-hi f -oid). See Basihyal. Basilar [bas / -il-ar) [ftdotg, foundation]. Per- taining to the base. B. Artery. See Arter- ies, Table of B. Membrane, a membranous division -wall separating the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani, extending from the base to the apex of the cochlea, and support- ing the organ of Corti. B. Process, a strong quadrilateral plate of bone in front of the foramen magnum. B. Suture, the suture formed by the junction of the basilar process of the occipital bone with the pos- terior surface of the body of the sphenoid. BASILATERAL BATH Basilateral {bas-e-lat'-er-al) [fiaaig, founda- tion ; latus, side] . Both basilar and lateral. Basilic {bas-il f -ik) [fiaoikinog, royal] . Illus- trious ; eminent. B. Vein, a large vein of the arm on the inner side of the biceps. Basilicon Ointment {bas-il f -ik-on oint- ment). Ceratumresinae. It consists of resin 35 grams, yellow wax 15 grams, lard 50 grams. Basilysis {bas-iV-is-is) [fiaoig, foundation ; Avatg, a loosening]. The breaking up of the fetal skull in craniotomy. Basilyst {bas'-il-ist) [ftdaig, foundation; Ivglq, a loosening] . An instrument for use in perforating the cranial vault and breaking up the base of the skull. Basin {ba'-sin) [ME., basin]. I. The third ventricle of the brain. 2. The pelvis. B.- Trap, a trap or seat in the outlet of the basin of a water-closet, placed there to prevent the escape into the apartment of noxious and offensive vapors and gases. Basinasal (bas-e-na'-sal) [fiaoig, foundation ; nasus, the nose]. Relating to the basion and the nasion. Basioccipital {bas -e - ok- sip'-it-al) [fiacric, foundation ; occiput, the back of the head] . A bone, separate in many of the lower ver- tebrate animals, forming the central axis of the skull. In adult human life, it is the basilar process of the occipital bone. Basioglossus {bas-e-o-glos ; -us) \_j3d Belly (be/'-e) [ME., be/y\ See Abdomen. B.-ache. See Colic. B. -bound, a vulgai term for constipated. B. -button, the navel. Ben, or Benne Oil {ben, or ben'-e). Oleum balatinum, is obtained by expression from the seeds of the several species of Moringia. It is a colorless, odorless oil, not readily turning rancid. It is used for extracting odors, and for lubricating clocks and light machinery. Benedikt, Syndrome of. Paralysis of the muscles supplied by the oculomotor nerve of one side and tremor and paresis of the upper extremity of the other side. Bengalin (ben f -gawl-in) [Hind., Bengdl~\. A blue pigment derived from the benzene colors. Benign, or Benignant (be-niii', or be-nig f - nant ) [benignns , luiid] . Not endangering health or life ; applied to certain tumors. Benzaldehyd (ben-zal r -de-Jiid) [benzoin; a/dehyd~\, C 7 H 6 0. Bitter-almond oil; a compound that results from the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Benzanalgen, C 9 H 5 OC 2 H 5 .NHCOC 6 H 5 N. A derivative of chinolin. It is antiseptic, antipyretic, and antineuralgic, and has the power of dissolving uric acid. It is used in rheumatism, tabes dorsalis, and chronic gout. Dose gr. viiss-xlv (0.5-3.0). Benzanilid (ben-zan f -il-id) [benzoin ; an- i/in~\, C 13 H H NO. Benzoyl anilid. prepared by the action of benzoyl chlorid on anilin. It is used as an antipyretic in children, in doses of gr. iij-viij (0.20-0.50). Unof. Benzene (ben'-zen) [benzoin], C fi H fi . A hy- drocarbon contained in coal-tar. It is formed by the dry distillation of all benzene acids. It is a mobile, ethereal-smelling liquid, of specific gravity 0.899 at °°- ^ solidifies about o°, melts at +- 6°, boils at 80. 5 , and burns with a luminous flame. It readily BENZIMID BERBERIS dissolves resins, fats, sulphur, iodin, and phos- phorus. Anilin and the anilin-colors are de- rived from it. B.-sulphonic Acid, C 6 H 5 .- S0 3 H, is prepared by boiling together equal parts of benzene and H 2 S0 4 . It occurs in small plates, readily soluble in alcohol and water, and which deliquesce in the air. Benzimid (ben' -zim-id) [benzoin; amid], C 23 H 18 N 2 2 . A compound formed by the action of hydrocyanic acid on hydrid of benzoyl. It occurs also in the resinous resi- due of the rectification of the oil of bitter almonds. Benzine (ben'-zin). See Benzinum. Benzinum (ben-zi' -nuni) [L.]. Benzine, Petroleum ether. A purified distillate from American petroleum, having a spe- cific gravity of .77 to .79, boiling at 8o° to 90 C, colorless, of ethereal odor, and a slightly peppermint-like taste. It is a valu- able solvent for oils, fats, resins, caoutchouc, and some alkaloids. It has been used against tapeworm. It should be distinguished from Benzol, which is called Benzene by English chemists. Dose gtt. v-x (0.33-0.66), on sugar or in mucilage. Benzoate [ben' '-zo-ai) [benzoin"]. Any salt of benzoic acid. B. of Naphtol. See Benzonaphtol. Benzoated (ben'-zo-a-ted) [benzoin]. Im- pregnated with benzoin or with benzoic acid. Benzoic (ben-zo'-ik) [benzoin]. Pertaining to or derived from benzoin. B. Acid. See Acid. Benzoin [ben' ' -zo-in or -zohi) [origin ob- scure]. A resin obtained from Styrax ben- zoin, a tree native to Sumatra and Siam. It is a ketone alcohol, C ]4 H ]2 2 , and may be produced by oxidizing hydrobenzoin with concentrated HN0 3 . It is sparingly soluble in water, cold alcohol, and ether, and crys- tallizes in shining prisms, melting at 134 . It yields benzoic and cinnamic acids, is antiseptic and disinfectant, and is used mainly as a stimulant expectorant in chronic bronchitis. Adeps benzoinatus, benzoinated lard, contains 2 per cent, of ben- zoin. B., Tinct., 20 per cent, of the resin in alcohol. Dose f^ss-j (2.0-4.0). B., Tinct. Comp., Friar's Balsam, benzoin 12, aloes 2, storax 8, balsam of Tolu 4, alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts. Dose f^ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Benzol (ben'-zol) [benzoin], C B H fi . A hy- drocarbon formed by the dry distillation of organic substances, but in commerce chiefly derived from coal-tar. It is inflammable, volatile, and a solvent for fats. It is em- ployed externally as a parasiticide ; internally, as a pulmonary antiseptic, in influenza, and in trichiniasis. Its vapor is used in whoop- ing-cough. Dose gtt. v-x (0.32-0.65). Benzonaphtol (ben-zo-naf'-tol) [benzoin; va '- e) [Cingalese, beri, weakness] . Synonyms : Kakke, Panneu- ritis epidemica. An infectious disease, en- demic in various countries of Asia (Ceylon, India, China, Japan), Africa, and Australia, and presenting the features of a multiple neuritis. Bad food and defective hygienic conditions are predisposing causes; the true etiologic factor is probably a microorganism. Various types of the disease have been described, particularly an anasarcous form and an atro- phic form. The main symptoms are anesthe- sia, paralysis, wasting of the muscles, edema, changes in the electric reactions, dyspnea, and palpitation. The mortality is variable ; often it is very great. True beriberi has been met with in the seaport towns of the United States, introduced there by East In- dian sailors, and an affection resembling it seems to occur among certain fishermen of New England. Bernard's Granular Layer. The inner zone of the cells lining the acini of the pancreas. It is granular in appearance and stains but slightly with carmin. Berry (ber f -e) [ME., bery\. An indehis- cent fruit with a pericarp that is succulent throughout, as the grape and gooseberry. Bertillonage (ber-til-lon-a{h)j) [Bertillon, a French criminologist]. A system of care- fully-recorded measurements and descriptions of criminals, for the purpose of future iden- tification, introduced into France by Bertil- lon and adopted by the police of many large cities of the U. S. Bertin, Bones of. The sphenoidal turbin- ated bones, partly closing the sphenoidal sinuses. B., Column of, a cortical column of the kidney; the part separating the med- ullary pyramids. B., Ligament of, the ilio- femoral ligament. Berthollet's Law. See Law. Beryllium (ber-iP '-e-um) [fff/pvX'Aog, beryl]. A bivalent metal obtained from the beryl, whence its name ; it is called also glucinum. See Elements, Table of. Bestiality (bes-te-al f -it-e) [bestia, a beast]. Unnatural intercourse with an animal. Bestucheff's Mixture or Tincture. The ethereal tincture of chlorid of iron, used in erysipelas. It is made as follows : r£ . Tinct. ferri chloridi, I part ; sp. aether, ni- trosi, 4 parts. Mix and expose to the rays of the sun in well-closed bottles until the brownish color disappears. The dose is from one to two teaspoonfuls every three hours. Beta {pa'-tah) [L.]. 1. The beet. 2. The second letter of the Greek alphabet, used in chemic nomenclature, to indicate the second of two isomeric compounds. B.-naphtol. See Naphtol. Betacism (ba ; -tas-izm) [beta, fir/To,, the second letter of the Greek alphabet]. The too-frequent use of the ^-sound in speech, or the conversion of other sounds into it. Betain (be-ta / -in) [beta, a beet], C 5 H u N0 2 , or C 10 H 22 N 2 O 4 . Called also oxyneurin and lycin. A basic substance obtained by the careful oxidation of cholin. It occurs already formed in the sugar-beet (Beta vul- garis') and crystallizes from alcohol with one molecule of water in shining crystals that deliquesce in the air ; it has an alkaline re- action and a sweetish taste. Beta-naphtol Bismuth. A preparation con- taining 80 per cent, of bismuth oxid and 20 per cent, of beta-naphtol. It is a brown powder, insoluble in water and decomposed into its component parts in the intestine, the beta-naphtol being absorbed and dis- charged with the urine, while the bismuth is evacuated with the stools. It is an intes- tinal antiseptic. Dose gr. xv-xlv (1.0—3.0). Betel (be / -tel) [E. Ind.]. A masticatory used in the East. A few grains of the nut of the Catechu palm, Areca C, are rolled up with a small amount of quicklime in a leaf of Piper betel, and chewed. It is tonic, astringent, stimulant, and aphrodisiac, and seems to increase the powers of endurance. Dose of fid. ext. f^j-iij (4.0-12.0). Unof. Betol (be'-tol), C^HjO.CjFL/V Salinaph- tol. Naphthalol. A salicylic ether of naphtol, used in rheumatism and cystitis. It resembles salicylic acid in its properties. Dose gr. x-xv (0.65-1.0). Betula (bet'-u-lah). See Birch. Betulin (bet ; -u-lin) [betula, birch], C 36 H 60 O 3 (Hausmann). Birch-resin, or birch-camphor, derived from the bark of the white birch. Bezoar (be f -zo-ar) [Pers. , pad-zahr, the be- zoar-stone, a supposed antidote against poi- son]. A concretion found in the stomach or intestines of some animals (especially rumin- ants), formerly believed to be efficacious in preventing the fatal effects of poison. Bhang (bang). See Cannabis indica. Bhel (del). See Bela. Biauricular (bi-aw-rik' '-u-lar) [bis, twice ; auricula, the ear]. Relating to two auricles, or to two corresponding auricular points. BIBULOUS BILICYANIN Bibulous (bib'-u-lus) [bibere, to drink]. Having the property of absorbing moisture, as, B. Paper. Bicarbonate (bi-kar' '-bon-dt ) [bis, twice ; carbo, a coal]. Any salt of carbonic acid that has two carbonic acid equivalents for one of the base. Bicaudal, Bicaudate {bi-kazv f -dal, bi-kazv'- ddt) [bicaudalis , two-tailed]. Having two tails or appendages. Biceps (bi'-seps) [bis, twice ; caput, the head]. Having two heads, a term applied to several muscles, as B. brachii, B. exten- sor, B. flexor cruris. Bichat (be / -shah) Canal of. See Canal. B., Fissure of. See Fissure. B., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. B., Tunic of, the intima of the blood-vessels. Bichlorid {bi-klo'-rid) [bi, two; chloriii\. A salt containing two equivalents of chlorin. Bichromate {bi-kro f -mat) [bi, two ; chro- mium^. A salt containing two equivalents of chromic acid. Bicipital (bi-sip / -it-al) [bi, two ; caput, the head]. Pertaining to the biceps muscle. Biconcave {bi-kon f -kav). ' See Lens. Biconvex {bi-kon f -veks). See Lens. Bicuspid {bi-kus f -pid) [bi, two ; cuspis, the point of a spear]. Having two cusps, as B. Teeth. B. Valve, the mitral valve of the heart. Bidder's Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of. Bidet {be-def ', or -da) [Fr. for pony]. A tub or basin with fixed attachments for the administering of injections ; also for use as a sitz-bath or hip-bath. Biedert's Cream Mixture. An infant's food made by mixing 4 oz. of cream with 12 oz. of warm water, and adding y 2 oz. of milk-sugar. It contains I per cent, of casein, 2.5 per cent, of fat, and 3.8 per cent, of sugar. As the child grows older a larger proportion of milk is added. Biermer's Change of Note. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Bifid (bi / -fd)[bis, twice; findere, to cleave]. Divided into two parts ; cleft, as bifid uvula. Bifocal {bi-fo ; -kal) [bi, two ; focus, a point]. Having a double focus. Applied to a system of lenses or spectacle-glasses with two foci, chiefly used for the correction of presbyopia, when there is at the same time an error of refraction for distant vision. The distance lens is above that for near work. These are sometimes called Pantoscopic lenses, and also Franklin spectacles, because the device was first made by Benjamin Franklin. They are also called Ceme?zt le?tses, because now made by cementing the lower segment to the dis- tance lens. Bifurcate {bi-fer f -kat) [bi, two ; furca, a fork]. Divided into two, like a fork. Bifurcation (bi -fer - ka f - shun) [bifurcatio ; from bi, two ; furca, a fork] . Division into two branches, as of the trachea or of the aorta. Bigelow's Ligament. The Y-ligament of the hip-joint; iliofemoral ligament. B.'s Septum, in anatomy, a layer of hard bony tissue in the neck of the thigh-bone. Bilateral {bi-laf '-er-al) [bi, two ; latus, a side]. Relating to two sides; pertaining to or affecting both sides of the body. B. Symmetry, the symmetry of right and left halves. Bilateralism {bi - lat f - er - al- izni) [bi, two ; latus, a side]. Bilateral symmetry. Bile (bil) [bills, the bile]. The substance secreted by the liver. It is mucilaginous, golden-brown, and is composed of biliary salts, cholesterin, mucus, and certain pig- ments. The principal salts are the sodium salts of taurocholic acid (C 26 H 45 NS0 7 ), and glycocholic acid (C 26 H 43 N0 6 ). The taste of bile is intensely bitter, its reaction feebly alkaline, and its density from 1026 to 1032. It exercises a diastatic action on starch, emul- sifies fats, and precipitates soluble peptone ; it is also the natural antiseptic of the intes- tines, and has an action on the intestinal mu- cous membrane through which absorption is favored. Its composition varies, but accord- ing to Hoppe-Seyler, in 100 parts bile there are of — ^organic matte;,! '. \ \ '. '. ! J^S Parts. Organic matter, 8.32 " Mucus, 1.29 " Taurocholate of sodium, . 0.87 " Glycocholate of sodium, . 3.03 " Saponified fat, 1.39 " Cholesterin, 0.35 " Lecithin, 0.53 " Fat, 0.73 " B. Pigments, the coloring-matters of the bile. Bilharzia (bil-har'-ze-ah) [named after Theo- dor Bilharz, a physician of Cairo]. A genus of trematode worms, established by Cobbold, characterized by having the sexes separate. B. hsematobia. See Distoma. Bilharziosis (bil-har-ze-o / -sis) [Bilharzia~\. The group of symptoms produced by the presence in the intestine of worms of the genus Bilharzia. Biliary (bil'-e-a-re) [bills, bile]. Pertaining to the bile. B. Acids, glycocholic and tau- rocholic acids. B. Colic, colic produced by the passage of gall-stones. B. Diabetes, Hanot's disease, or hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver with icterus. B. Ducts, the hep- atic and cystic ducts, and the ductus commu- nis choledochus, together with the small ducts in the liver itself. Bilicyanin (bil-e-si'-an-m) [bills, bile; /cud- BILIFLAVIN BIOMETRY veog, blue]. Cholecyanin, choleverdin. A blue pigment obtained from bilirubin. Biliflavin {bil-e-fla'-vin) \_bilis, bile ; flavus, yellow]. A yellow coloring- matter deriva- ble from biliverdin. Bilifulvin {bil-e-fuV -vin) \bilis, bile ; fulvus, fulvous]. An impure form of bilirubin ; also a yellow bile-color from ox-gall, not normally present in human bile. Bilifuscin {bil-e-fus' ' -hi) \bilis, bile ; fuscus, brown], C ]6 H 20 N 2 O 4 . A pigment occurring in bile and in gall-stones. Bilihumin (bil-e-hu'-min) \_bilis, bile ; hu- mus, earth] . An insoluble residue left after treating gall-stones with various solvents. Bilin (bi'-lhi) \_bilis, bile]. A mixture of the taurocholate and glycocholate of sodium, forming a constituent of the bile. Bilineurin {bil-e-riu* '-rin). Cholin. Bilious (bil'-ynis) \biliosus, full of bile]. A term popularly applied to disorders supposed to arise from a too free secretion of bile. B. Fever, a remittent fever characterized by the vomiting of bile. Biliousness {biV -yus-nes) \biliosus, full of bile]. A popular name for a condition char- acterized by anorexia, constipation, coated tongue, lassitude, and headache, and sup- posed to be due to an excessive secretion of bile. Biliprasin (bil-e-pra> '-sin) \bilis, bile ; irpaoov, leek; Tzpaavog, leek-green], C 16 H 22 N 2 6 . A pigment occurring in gall-stones, icteric urine, and bile. Bilirubin [bil-e-ru* '-bin) \bilis, bile ; ruber, red], C 16 H 18 N 2 3 . A red coloring-matter, the chief pigment of the bile, and also found in the urine in jaundice. It is insoluble in water, and almost so in ether and alcohol, but it is readily soluble in alkaline solutions. It crystallizes in rhombic plates or prisms. Biliverdin {bil-e-ver'-dui) [bilis, bile ; viridis, green], C 12 H 20 N 2 O 5 , or C 8 H 9 N0 2 . A green pigment, the first product of the oxidation of bilirubin. It gives the characteristic color to the bile of herbivora, and occurs in the urine in jaundice, and in gall-stones. Billroth's Mixture. See Anesthetic. Bimanual {bi-man' -ti-at) [bi, two ; mantis, a hand]. With both hands ; two-handed. B. Palpation, palpation by means of both hands. Binary {bi'-nar-e) [binus, a couple]. In chemistry, compounded of two elements. In anatomy, separating into two branches. Binaural {bin-aw f -ral) [bis, twice ; auris, ear]. Pertaining to or having two ears; used for both ears. B. Stethoscope, a stethoscope with two tubes, one for each ear. Binauricular [bin-azv-rik' '-u-lar) [bis, twice ; auricula, the ear]. Pertaining or belong- ing to both ears. Binder {blnd / -er) [ME., byndere\. A wide bandage about the abdomen, worn by women after labor, or after celiotomy, to support the abdominal walls. B., Mammary, a sling or suspensory for the mamma. Biniodid {bin-i'-o-did). Having two atoms of iodin in the molecule. Binocular {bin-ok' '-u-la?') [bi, two ; oculus, an eye]. Pertaining to both eyes. In optics, an . instrument with two eye-pieces for use with both eyes at once. B. Vision, the faculty of using both eyes synchronously and without diplopia. Binoxid {bin - oks' '- id) [bi, two; oxid~\. See Dioxid. Bioblast {bi f -o-blast) [/3/oc, life ; /3/i acrog, a germ]. A plastidule or formative cell; a corpuscle that has not yet become a cell. Biochemics {bi - o - kem' '- iks) [fiiog, life; Xrjiieta, chemistry]. The chemistry of life. See Biochemy. Biochemistry {bi-o-kem'-is-tre) [fiiog, life ; X^fieia, chemistry]. The chemistry of the living body, or of life. Biochemy {bi f -o-kem-e) [j3iog, life ; xv^ eia , chemistry]. Chemic force as exhibited in living organisms. Biodynamics {bi-o-di-nam' '-iks) [/3/oc, life ; dbvatiLQ, power]. The dynamics of life; dynamic biology. Biogenesis {bi- o -jen f - es - is) [(3tog, life ; yeveaig, origin]. I. The doctrine that living things are produced only from living things — the reverse of abiogenesis. 2. Reproduction from living parents. Biogenetic {bi- o- jen- et'-ik) [frog, life; yeveoig, origin]. Pertaining to biogenesis. B. Law, the fact that a certain tendency directs the drift or trend of development of a being along a line parallel with that of the series of forms ancestral to it. The being in the course of its development briefly recapitulates that of the ancestral series to which it belongs. This is also called Mutter'' s Law. Biogeny {bi-oj'-en-e) [,5/oc, life; yeveaig, origin]. In biology, the evolution of or- ganic forms, either considered individually {ontogeny) or tribally {phytogeny). Biologic {bi-o-loj' '-ik) [/3ioc, life ; Myog, science]. Pertaining or belonging to biology. Biologist {bi-ol'-o-jist) [(Slog, life ; Xoyog, science]. One who is a student of biology. Biologos {bi-o-log f -os) [/3tog, life ; Tidyog, a word]. A designation proposed for the intelligent living power displayed in cellular and organic action and reaction. Biology {bi-oV-o-je) [3tog, life ; loyog, sci- ence]. The science embracing the structure, function, and organization of living forms. Biometry {bi-om' ' -et-re) [l3iug, life; /uerpov,a. measure] . Life-measurement ; the estima- BIONDI'S FLUID BISMUTH tion of the probable duration of any given life-form— in the past or future. Biondi's Fluid. A staining medium used in histologic laboratories. It is a mixture of orange-G, methyl-green, and acid-fuchsin. Bionergy {bi-on'-er-je) [fiiog, life ; epyov, work]. Life-force; force exercised in the living organism. Bionomy {bi-on'-o-me) [j3iog, life ; vojuog, a law]. Dynamic biology ; biodynamics ; the science of the laws of life. Biophagous {bi-qp r/ -ag-zts)[f3Log, life ; (payelv, to eat]. Feeding upon living organisms, or upon living tissue, as insectivorous plants. Biophysiography {bi-o fiz-e-og' -ra-fe) [ftiog, life ; (pvoig, nature; ypd(p£iv, to write]. De- scriptive or structural biology ; organography, as distinguished from biophysiology. Biophysiology {bi- o-fiz-e-ol'- o-je) [frog, life; <^t'07c 5 nature; 'Aoyog, science]. The branch of biology including organogeny, morphology, and physiology. Bioplasm {bi'-o-plazm) [(Slog, life ; TzTidopia, form]. Any living matter, but especially germinal or forming matter ; matter possess- ing reproductive vitality. Bioplast {bi f -o-plast) [fiiog, life ; Trlaarog, formed]. A mass or cell of bioplasm that is a unit of living matter. Biorbital {pi- or' ' -bit-al) [bi, two; orbita, a circle]. Relating to both orbits. Bioscope {bi'-o-skop) [/3/oc, life ; cuoTreiv, to view]. An instrument used in bioscopy. Bioscopy {bi-os' -ko-pe) [fliog, life ; cuoTtelv, to examine]. Examination of the body to ascertain whether life is present. B., Elec- tro-, examination by the aid of the electric current. The muscular reaction is lost to fara- dic stimulation in about two hours after death in the tongue ; after three or four hours in the extremities ; after five or six hours in the trunk. The reaction to galvanism persists somewhat longer. Biosis {bi-o* -sis) [/3/oc, life]. Life ; vitality. Biostatics {bi-o-staf '-iks) [f3log, life ; arart- nog, causing to stand] . Static biology ; the science of the determinate parts of biology, including anatomy, and the physics of the living body. Biotic {bi-ot'-ik) [3iog, life]. Pertaining to life or to the laws of animal and vegetable progress and evolution. Biotomy {bi-ot'-o-me) [j3log, life ; rejuveiv, to cut]. Vivisection. Biparasitic {bi-par-as-itf '-ik) \_bi, two ; irapa- cltoq, a parasite]. Parasitic upon a parasite. Biparietal {bi-par-i' '-et-al) [pi, two; paries, a wall]. Relating to both parietal bones. B. Diameter, the distance from one parietal eminence of the cranium to the other. Biparous {bip* -ar-ns) [bi, double ; parere, to bring forth]. Producing two at a birth. Bipartite {pi-par* -tit) [bi, two; pars, a part]. In biology, composed of two parts or divi- sions. Biped {bi'-ped)[bi, two ; pes, a foot]. I. Hav- ing two feet. 2. An animal with two feet. Bipolar {bi-po'-lar) [bi, two ; pot us, a pole]. Having two poles. B. Nerve-cells, nerve- cells that have two prolongations of the cell matter. They are found chiefly in the spinal ganglia. Birch (berc/i) [AS., birce]. Any tree of the genus Betula. Birch-tar, or the tarry oil of B. alba, is useful in certain skin-diseases. The bark of B. lenta, the American black birch, yields a fragrant volatile oil, identical with that of Gaultheria procumbens, for which it is extensively substituted. B. Cam- phor. Same as B. Resin. B. Resin. See Be helm. Bird-lime {berd'-hni). A viscous vegetable substance used in Japan as a local dressing for wounds. Bird's Formula. The last two figures of the specific gravity of urine nearly represent the number of grains of solids to, the ounce contained in the urine. The same two figures multiplied by 2 {Trapp's Factor) give the parts per iooo. Birth {berth) [ME., by rt/i]. I. The delivery of a child ; parturition. 2. That which is brought forth in -parturition. B.-mark. See Ncevus pigmentosus. B. -palsy, any paralytic affection due to an injury received at birth ; less correctly, a congenital paralytic affection due to a lesion that existed in the fetal state. Bisacromial {bis-ak-ro* -vie-al) [bis, two ; acromion~\. Relating to the two acromia. Biscara Button {bis'-kar-ah bid'-uii). See Furunctdus orientalis. Bisexual {bi-seks'-u-al) [bi, two ; sexits, sex]. Having the reproductive organs of both sexes ; hermaphrodite. Bisiliac {bis-il* -e-ak) [bis, two; iliaats~\. Relating to the two most distant points of the two iliac crests. Biskra Boil, or Button. See Furunculus orientalis. Bismarck Brown. A brown, basic anilin dye, extensively used as a stain and counter- stain in histology. Bismuth, or Bismuthum {biz'- vmth, biz- mu'-thum) [L. ]. Bi = 2io; quantivalence I, in, V. A pinkish-white crystalline metal. Its commercial salts often contain arsenic. The insoluble salts of bismuth are feebly astringent. The derivatives of bismuth are chiefly employed as astringents and sedatives to mucous membranes and as gastrointestinal antiseptics. The soluble salts are irritant in large doses. B. et Ammonii Citras, sol- uble in water. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). B. et Ammon. Citratis, Liqujr (B. P.). BISMUTHOSIS BIZYGOMATIC Dosef^ss-j (2.0-4.0). B.Carbonas (B.P.), (Bi 2 2 CO.,) 2 ,H 2 0. Dosegr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). B. Citras, BiC 6 H 5 7 , soluble in water of ammonia. Dose gr. ij-v (0.13-0.32). B. Oxid (B. P.), Bi 2 3 . Dose gr. v-xv (0.32-1.0). B. Oxychlorid, pearl white. Unof. It is used as a cosmetic. B., Pulvis, Comp., Ferrier 1 s Snuff, contains two grains of hydrochlorate of morphin in one ounce, with bismuth and acacia. It is used in the treatment of coryza. B. Salicylas, Bi(C 7 H 5 3 ) 3 .Bi 2 3 . Dose gr- v ~ x (°-32- 0.65) ; an intestinal antiseptic. B. Sub- carbonas. (BiO) 2 C0 3 .H 2 0, insoluble. Dose gr. x-^j (0.65-4.0); feebly astringent and sedative. B. Subgallas. See Dermatol. B. Subiodid, BiOI, used as an antiseptic dusting-powder, like iodoform. B. Subni- tras, BiON0 3 . H 2 0, the salt chiefly used in medicine as a sedative astringent to the gastrointestinal mucous membrane. Dose gr. X-3J (0.65-4.0). B., Trochisci (B. P.), each contains gr. ij (o. 13). Bismuthosis [biz-muth-o' 'sis). Chronic bis- muth-poisoning ; it may follow the use of the soluble salts. Bistoury (bis'-too-re)\Yx. bistouri]. Along, slender knife, straight or curved, used in surgery. Bisulphate (bi-sul' -fat) \bi, two; sulphur]. A sulphate in which the base replaces but one of the two hydrogen atoms of the acid. Any acid sulphate having twice the amount of acid contained in the corresponding nor- mal sulphate. Bitartrate (bi-tar'-trdt) [^', two ; raprapov, tartar]. Any tartrate in which one replaceable hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base. Bitemporal [bi-tem' '-por-al) \bi, two; tem- pora, the temples]. Pertaining to the two temples. Bitter [bit'-er) [AS., bitan, to bite]. A pe- culiar, well-known taste, of which that of quinin is an example ; unpalatable. B. Al- mond, the nut of the Amygdalum amarnm. It contains hydrocyanic acid. B. Almond Oil, oleum amygdalae araarae. See Benzalde- hyd. B. Apple, the fruit of the colocynth, a purgative remedy. B. Blain, a West Indian herb,' Vandellia diffusa, employed in fevers and in hepatic disorders. Unof. B. Bugle- weed, the herb Lycopus europmis, alterative and tonic. Dose of fld. ext. f^ss-j (16.0— 32.0). Unof. B. Cucumber, colocynth. B. Cup, a cup made- of quassia wood. It is a tonic. B. Purging Salt, magnesium sulphate. B. Root, the root of Gentiana catesbcei, a tonic. B. Tincture, the tinc- tura amara (N. F. ), prescribed also in the German pharmacy ; it is a tincture of gen- tian, centaury, bitter orange-peel, orange- berries, and zedoary ; it is known also as Stomach-drops. B. Wine of Iron, a solu- tion of white wine, syrup, citrate of iron, and quinin. Bitters (bit'-ers) [AS., bitan, to bite]. Medi- cines characterized by a bitter taste. B., Aromatic, medicines that unite the proper- ties of aromatics with those of simple bitters. B., Simple, medicines that stimulate the gastrointestinal tract without influencing the general system. B., Styptic, medicines that add styptic and astringent properties to those of bitterness. Bittersweet (bit'-er-sivet). See Dulcamara. Bitumen [bit-it' -men) [L. , bitumen']. Min- eral pitch or oil, composed of various hydro carbons. In the solid form it is usually called asphalt ; in the liquid form, petroleum. An intermediate form is known as mineral tar or maltha. By distillation, bitumen yields benzol, naphtha, paraffin, and various other hydrocarbons, liquid and gaseous. Biuret {bi'-u-ret) \bi, two ; ovpov, urine], C 2 H 5 N 3 2 -\~ H 2 0. A compound formed by exposing urea to a high temperature for a long time. It is readily soluble in water and in alcohol ; it crystallizes with one molecule of water in the form of warts and needles. When anhydrous, biuret melts at 190 with decomposition. B. Reaction, or Test, a reaction given by proteids and by urea when heated (when biuret is formed). It consists in the development of a violet color when a few drops of a solution of cupric sulphate and an excess of potassium or sodium hydrate are added to the substance. Bivalence [biv'-al-ens) [fo',two; valens, hav- ing power]. In chemistry, a valence or satu- rating power double that of the hydrogen atom. Bivalent (biv'-al-ent) \bi, two ; valens, hav- ing power]. In chemistry, applied to an element of which an atom can replace two atoms of hydrogen or other univalent ele- ment, or to a radicle that has the same valence as such an element. Bivalve {l>i f -valv) \bi, two ; valva, a valve]. Having two valves or shells, as a speculum. Biventer {bi-ven' '-ter) [fit, two ; venter, a belly]. Having two bellies, as a muscle. B. cervicis, the inner portion of the corn- plexus muscle. B. maxillae, the digastricus muscle. Biventral {bi-ven' '-tral) [bi, two ; venfrum, a stomach]. Having two stomachs ; having two bellies, as the digastric muscle. Bixin (biks'-in) \_Bixa, a genus of plants], C ]6 H 26 2 . An orange-red coloring-matter found in annatto. Bizygomatic {bi-zi-go-maf '-ik) \bi, two ; r 'vyo)}ja, the zygomatic arch]. Relating to the most prominent points on the two zygo- matic arches. BIZZOZERO'S BLOOD-PLATES BLASTOCYST Bizzozero's Blood-plates. See Blood- plates. Black (bla/c) [AS., blcec]. Characterized by an absence of color. The appearance of an object from the surface of which none of the spectrum colors are reflected. B. Alder. See Prinos. B. Antimony, antimonium tersulphid, SbS 3 . B. Ash, the bark of Fraxinus sambucifolia, a mild tonic and astringent. Dose of fld. ext. fgss-j (2.0— 4.0). Unof. B. Blood, venous blood. B. Cohosh. See Cimicifuga. B. -damp, carbon dioxid gas, which is found in greater or less quantity in all collieries, being given off by many coals, either mixed with fire-damp, or separately, or produced in various other ways, as by the exhalations of the miners, by fires, and by explosions of fire-damp. Also called choke-damp. B. Death. See Plague. B. Disease, a disease of malarial origin and pernicious course, characterized by extreme darkening of the skin, which maybe brown or black in color. It occurs in the Garo Hills in Assam. B. Draught. See Senna. B. Drop. See Opium. B. Erysipelas. Syn- onym of Anthrax. B. Eye, livor (or sugil- latio) oculi ; ecchymosis of the tissues about the eye, usually from injury. B. Haw. See Viburnum. B.-head. See Comedo. B. Hellebore. See Hellebore. B. Jaundice, an excessive jaundice arising from obstruction of the gall-ducts. The color of the skin is greenish-black. B. Lead, a form of car- bon properly known as the mineral graphite. B.-Leg, a febrile, generally fatal disease chiefly affecting cattle and sheep, which is characterized by the rapid appearance of irregular nodules in the- skin and muscular tissues, that are at first tense and very painful, but rapidly become painless and crepitating. It is caused by the Bacillus chauvsei, or B. of Symptomatic Anthrax. It is also called Symptomatic Anthrax. B. Measles, ru- beola nigra ; a grave or malignant form of measles. B. Pepper. See Piper nigrum. B. Phthisis, a synonym of Miner's Phthisis. B. Sickness, cerebrospinal fever. B. Snake-root. See Cimicifuga. B. Spauld. See Black-Leg. B. Spit. See Miner's Phthisis. B. Tongue. I. A name given to a condition characterized by the formation upon the dorsum of the tongue of a hair-like deposit that passes through various stages of coloration from yellow to brown and finally black, ultimately disap- pearing by desquamation as gradually as it came. Repeated recurrence is the rule. It is probably an undue proliferation of the epi- thelium, the result of irritation. 2. A term applied to erysipelatous glossitis. B. Vomit, the coffee-ground vomit of yellow fever, etc. B. Walnut, the leaves of Juglans nigra, a tonic, alterative, and deobstruent. Dose of fld. ext. TT\_ xx-xxx (1.3-2.0). Unof. B. Wash. See Hydrargyrum. B. Willow, the buds of Salix nigra, a bitter tonic with aphrodisiac properties. Dose of fld. ext. TT\, xv-f^j (1.0-4.0). Unof. Blackberry (blak f -ber-e) [AS., Mac; berie, berry]. See Kubus. B. Cordial, the cordiale rubi fructus (N. F. ). Its formula is : blackberry juice, 3 pints ; cinnamon, in coarse powder, 2 Troy oz.; cloves and nut- meg, in coarse powder, each ]/ 2 Troy oz.; dilute alcohol, 2 pints ; syrup, 3 pints. Blackwater-fever. A very fatal infectious disease occurring especially on the low coasts of tropic Africa, but also in Sicily, Greece, Central and South America, Java, and New Guinea. The disease is almost ex- clusively confined to the white race and is characterized by a chill, an irregular inter- mittent or remittent fever, vomiting, dyspnea, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. An almost invariable complication is nephritis. Studies of the blood have revealed the presence of a small, annular, non-pigmented, intracellular parasite ; also forms having a rosette or cres- cent shape. Bladder (blad'-er) [AS., blcedre, a blister]. I . A membranous sac serving for the recep- tion of fluids or gases. 2. The receptacle for the urine. B., Atony of, inability to expel the urine, from deficient muscular power. B., Catarrh of. See Cystitis. B., Extro- phy, or Extroversion of, absence of the anterior wall of the bladder, and more or less deficiency of the corresponding part of the abdomen. B., Gall-, the receptacle for the bile, situated on the lower surface of the liver. B., Irritable, a condition char- acterized by constant desire to urinate. B., Neck of, the constricted portion continuous with the urethra in front. B., Nervous, a condition in which there is a frequent desire to pass water, with inability at the same time to perform the act perfectly, and consequent slight dribbling at its close. B., Sacculated, pouches formed between the hypertrophied muscular fibers. B. Worm. See Worm. Blancard's Pills {blang'-kards). Pills of the iodid of iron. Bland {bland) [blandus, mild]. Mild ; soothing. Blastema [blas-te' '-mah) \_(5Monma, from j31aardveiv, to germinate]. The formative lymph or rudimentary tissue, from which, by differentiation, tissues and organs are de- veloped. Blastochyle (blas'-to-hll) [phacrdr, a germ ; XvMg, juice]. The colorless fluid in the blastodermic vesicles. Blastocyst (blas'-to-sist) [filaardc, a germ ; nvoTiq, a bladder]. The germinal vesicle. BLASTODERM BLEPHAROSPASM Blastoderm (blas f -to-derm) [ftXaaroc, a germ; 5ep/ua, the skin]. In embryology, the germinal membrane formed by the cells of the morula, lying on the internal surface of the vitelline membrane of the impreg- nated ovum. The whole hollow sphere, with its surrounding cells, is called the blas- todermic vesicle, and is formed about the tenth day. The ectoderm (or epiblast) and the endoderm {entoderm or hypoblast) layers are simply due to a proliferation of the blastodermic cells about the germinal area, whereby the blastoderm is doubled, thus forming these outer and inner layers. The mesoblast or middle layer is developed after the others, and probably from the hypoblast. Blastodermic (blas-to-der' '-mik) [/3/laordc, a germ; dep/ua, the skin]. Relating to the blastoderm. Blastodisc {blas r -to-disk) \_^\aarog, a germ ; dionoc, disc]. A blastodermic disc; amass or disc capping one pole of the yolk. Blastogeny {blas-toj'-en-e) [(JXdaTog, a germ ; yeveaig, generation]. Haeckel's term for the germ-history of an individual organism ; a division of ontogeny. Blastomere {blas f -to-mer) [/Waardc, a germ ; fiepoc, a part]. Any one of the nucleated cells or segments into which the fecundated vitellus divides. Blastoneuropore {blas-to-nid '-ro-por) \_fiXaa- rdg, a germ ; vevpov, a nerve ; Ttopog, a pore]. In biology, the temporary aperture in certain embryos formed by the coales- cence of the blastopore and neuropore. Blastophore {Idas' '-to-for) [/3/laordc, a germ ; (pepsiv, to bear]. That part of a sperm- cell that does not become converted into sper- matozoa. Blastophyllum {blas-to-fil* '-urn) [/5/lacrdc, a germ; (pvAXov, a leaf]. The endoderm or ectoderm ; a primitive germ-layer. Blastophyly {blas-toff r/ -il-e)[j3A.aGT6c;,a germ; tyvkr], a tribe]. The tribal history of indi- vidual organisms. Blastopore {bias' '-to-por) [(3?mgt6c;, a germ ; Tcopog, passage, pore]. The small opening leading into the notochordal canal, or, after the canal has fused with the yolk-cavity, lead- ing into the archenteron. It is situated at the hind end of the primitive axis, and is a small portion of the gastrula mouth. Blastula {bias' '-tu-lah) [dim. of pXaarog, a germ]. The blastodermic vesicle. Blaud's Pill {blohs). A pill containing equal parts iron sulphate and potassium carbonate; for use in anemia, etc. Bleach {blech) [ME., bhzcan, to make white]. To make white or pale. Bleach- ing Powder, chlorinated lime, a mixture of calcium chlorid and calcium hypochlorite, containing free chlorin-gas. It is used as a disinfectant. Bleaching Fluid, eau de Jav- elle, a fluid obtained by passing chlorin-gas into an emulsion of calcium hydrate. Bleacher's Eczema {blech'-erz eh'-zem-ah). Eczema of the hands of bleachers, due to the use of hot water and strong lye. Blear Eye [bler'-i). See Blepharitis ulcerosa. Bleb [bleb). See Bulla. Bleeders {ble f -derz) [AS., bledan, to bleed]. A popular term for those who are subjects of the hemorrhagic diathesis. B.'s Dis- ease. See Heinophilia. Blennorrhagia {blen-or-a / -Je-ah) [(3Mwa, mucus; peyvvvai, to burst forth]. I. An excessive mucous discharge. 2. Gonorrhea. Blennorrhagic {blen-or-a f -jik) [_j3'Aevva, mu- cus ; peyvvvai, to burst forth]. Relating to blennorrhagia. Blennorrhea {blen-or-e' -ah) \_j3A\ivva, mucus ; peetv, to flow]. Same as Blennorrhagia. Blennorrheal {blen-or-e'-al) [(Iaevvo,, mu- cus; peeiv, to flow]. Relating to blennor- rhea. Blepharadenitis {blef-ar-ad-en-i' -tis) \_j3Xe- tyapov, the eyelid ; a<5r/v, a gland ; trig, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the Meibo- mian glands. Blepharitis {blef-ar-i f -tis) [fihecpapov , the eyelid; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the eyelids. B. ciliaris, or B. margin- alis, inflammation of the ciliary or marginal border of the lids. B. ulcerosa, an ulcera- tive inflammation of the eyelids. Blepharoadenitis (blef-ar-o - ad- en - i'-tis). See Blepharadenitis. Blepharoadenoma {blcf r - ar-o- ad - en - o f - mah) [pteQapov, the eyelid ; adf/i>, a gland ; bjua, a tumor]. An adenoma of the eyelid. Blepharoatheroma {blef -ar-o- ath-er - o'- mah) [fiAecpapov, an eyelid ; adrjprj, gruel ; b/m, tumor]. A sebaceous cyst of the eyelid. Blepharochromidrosis {blef-ar-o-kro-niid- ro f -sis) [_j3/ie(j)apov , the eyelid ; j/^cj/za, color; ISpcjg, sweat]. Colored sweat of the eyelids, usually of a bluish tint. Blepharophimosis (blef-ar-o-Ji-mo' '-sis) [/3A£- (jxipov, the eyelid; (pi/uuaic, a shutting up]. Abnormal smallness of the palpebral aperture. Blepharoplasty {blef'-ar-o-plas-te) [[3'AeQapov , the eyelid ; ir/iacroeiv, to form] . An operation for the restoration of any part of the eyelid. Blepharoplegia {blef-ar-o-ple' '-je-ah) [(3?Jy- fioc, a rumbling] . A rumbling of the bowels. Boric Acid (bo'-rik as / -id). See Boron. Borneo Camphor {bor'-ne-o kam'-for). See Borneol. Borneol {bor f -nc-ot) \_Borneo~], C 10 H 18 O. Borneo Camphor ; a substance that occurs in Dryobalanops camphorcz, a tree growing in Borneo and Sumatra. It is artificially pre- pared by treating the alcoholic solution of common camphor with sodium. Boroglycerid (bo-ro-glis' '-er-id). A mixture of boric acid, 62 parts, with glycerol, 92 parts. It is antiseptic. Unof. Boron [bo' '-ron)[_Ar. , buraq, borax]. B — II; quantivalence in, V. A non-metallic ele- ment occurring in two allotropic forms — as a powder and as a crystalline substance. It is the base of boric acid and of the mineral borax. Boracic, or, more properly, Boric Acid, H3BO3, a crystalline substance, found native in the volcanic lagoons of Tuscany. It occurs in white, transparent crystals, soluble in water and alcohol ; it is antiseptic. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). Unguent. Acidi Borici (B. P.), contains hard paraffin 2, soft paraffin 4, boric acid I. It is used as an antiseptic and in dermatology. Borax, Na 2 B 2 7 ,- ioII 2 0, sodium bi borate, occurs as white, transparent crystals, soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol. It is used as an antiseptic. Dose gr. v— xl (0.32—2.6). Glycerinum Boracis (B. P.), contains borax, glycerol, and distilled water ; it is used as a local application. Mel Boracis (B. P.), borax honey, contains borax, clarified honey, and glycerol (about I in 7) ; it is used as a local application. Bosselated [bos' '-el-a-ted) [ME., 60s]. Cov- ered with bosses or small nodules. Bot [6ot) \botus, a belly worm]. The larva of certain species of flies of the genus (Estrus, which are conveyed into the stomach of man, where they hatch. Also the thread-worm, Oxyuris vermicularis. Botal, or Botallo, Duct of. See Duct. B., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. Botalismus (6ot-al-iz / -mtis). See Botulis- mus. Botany {bot> ' an-e) [/fordi^, an herb]. The science of plants — their classification and structure. Bothriocephalus (botli-re-o-sef'-al-us) [0od- piov, a pit ; Kecpa/iij, a head]. A genus of tapeworms. B. latus, the fish tapeworm, a common parasite of man in certain Euro- pean localities. It may reach twenty-five feet in length, with a breadth of three-fourths of an inch. It is also called Tcznia lata and Dibothrium latum. Botryoid [bot'-re-oid) \_06rpvg, a cluster ; elSog, likeness]. Resembling in shape a bunch of grapes. Bottcher's Cells. Small cells in the cochlea, occurring in a single layer on the basilar mem- brane. B.'s Crystals, peculiar microscopic crystals formed by adding a drop of a one per cent, solution of phosphate of" ammonia to a drop of prostatic secretion. They are composed of a phosphate formed from a base that exists in prostatic fluid, and that is sup- posed to impart to it its peculiar odor. Bottger's Test. A test for sugar in the urine. The urine is alkalinized with sodium hydrate, a little bismuth subnitrate is added, and the urine boiled. A black color, due to the reduction of the bismuth, will be produced if sugar is present. Albumin, if present, must previously be removed. Botulism, Botulismus (bot'-u-lizm, bot-u- liz'-tnus) \botulus, a sausage]. Sausage- poisoning. Bougie [boo-zhe f ) [Fr. , acandle]. A slen- der, cylindric instrument made of waxed silk, catgut, etc., for introduction into the urethra or other passage, for the purpose of dilatation, exploration, etc. B. a boule. See B., Bulbotis. B., Armed, a bougie with a piece of silver nitrate or other caustic attached to its extremity. B., Bulbous, a bougie with a bulbous tip. B., Filiform, a whalebone or other bougie of very small diameter. Bouillon {boo-e-yon(gV) [Fr.]. I. A broth made by boiling meat, usually beef, in water. 2. A liquid nutritive medium for the culture of microorganisms prepared from finely chopped beef or beef-extract. Bourdin's Paste. A mixture of nitric acid with flowers of sulphur; it is used as an escharotic. Bourdonnement (boor-dun-mon{g)') [Fr. , bourdonner, to buzz\ Any buzzing sound. The murmur that is heard when the stetho- scope is applied to any part of the body. It is thought to result from contraction of the muscular fibrillre. Bovine {bo'-vin) \bovinus, of an ox]. Ox- like. B. Heart, the immensely hypertro- phied heart of aortic valvular disease. Bovinine [bo f -vin-iii) \bos {gen. bovis), an ox]. A proprietary preparation of beef used as a food for invalids and. convalescents. BRAIN BRAIN Superior Aspect, or Convexity, of the Brain. 1,1. Fissure of Rolando. 2,2. Ascending frontal convolu- tion. 3, 3. Ascending- and superior parietal convolu- tions. 4, 4. First frontal convolution. 5, 5. Second frontal. 6,6. Third frontal. 7, 7. First occipital. 8, 8. Second occipital. 9, 9. Third occipital. 10. Ante- rior extremity of corpus callosum. 11. Posterior ex- tremity. Inferior Aspect of the Brain. 1. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. 2. Optic chiasm. 3. Tuber cinereum and infundibulum. 4. Corpora albicantia, or mamillaria. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Third nerve. 7. Aqueduct of Syl- vius. 8. Testes. 10. Infe- rior surface of frontal lobe. 11, 11. Convolution of the fissure of Sylvius. 12. Ol- factory nerve. 13, 13. Third convolution of- inferior sur- face of frontal lobe. 14, 14. Fourth convolution. 15, 15. Third convolution of ex- ternal surface of frontal lobe. 16, 16. External border of posterior lobe. 17. Sphenoid extremity. 18. Occipital extremity. 19. Hippocampal convolution. 20. External convolution of posterior lobe. 21. Mid- dle convolution 22. Inter- nal convolution. 23. Gyrus fornicatus. BRAIN BRAIN Medisection of Brain, Showing Important Sinuses. — (Holden.) Falx cerebri. 2, 2. Its convex border, with the great longitudinal sinus. 3. Its concave border. 4, 4. Inferior longitudinal sinus. 5. Base of falx cerebri. 6. Straight sinus. 7. Apex of falx cerebri. 8. Right half of the tentorium, seen from below. 9. Right lateral sinus. 10. Superior petrosal sinus. 11. Inferior petrosal sinus. 12. Posterior occipital sinus. 13. Falx cerebelli. 14. Optic nerve. 15. Motor oculi. 16. Pathetic. 17. Trigeminus. 18. Abducens. 19. Facial and auditory nerves. 20. Glossopharyngeal, pneumogastric, and spinal accessory nerves. 21. Hypoglossal nerve. 22. First cervical nerve. 23. Second cervical nerve. 24. Upper extremity of ligamentum denticulatum. BOVISTA BRANCHIAE Bovista [bo-vis* '-tah) [L.]. I. A genus of fungi closely allied to Lycoperdon ; some of the species are edible. 2. The Lycoperdon bovista, a fungus or puff-ball. When dry it is a good styptic, and its tincture has been used for nervous diseases. Bowels (bow / -elz) [OF. , doe/, from L. botellus, a sausage]. The intestines. Bow-leg [ME., bowe\. An arching out- ward of the lower limbs. See Genu varum. Bowman's Capsule. The expanded portion forming the beginning of a uriniferous tubule. B. Discs, the products of a breaking up of muscle-fibers in the direction of the trans- verse striations. B. Glands, glands found in the olfactory mucous membrane. B. Mem- brane, a thin, homogeneous membrane rep- resenting the uppermost layer of the stroma of the cornea, with which it is intimately con- nected. B. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. B. Probe, a probe used in dilating strictures of the lacrymal duct. Boyle's Law. See Law. Bozeman's Catheter. A double-current catheter. Brachia (bra f -ke-ah) . Plural of Brachium. Brachial (bra'-ke-al) [brachium, the arm]. Pertaining to the arm. B. Artery, the con- tinuation of the axillary artery, extending along the inner side of the arm: See Arteries, Table of . B. Glands, the lymphatic glands of the arm. B. Plexus, the plexus of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical and the first dorsal nerves. B. Veins, the veins of the arm that accompany the brachial artery. Brachialgia (bra-ke-aV '- j'e-ah) [fipaxiov, the arm ; aAyog, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the arm or in the brachial plexus. Brachinin (brak f -in-in) [fipo.xvg, short]. A substance obtained from the bombardier beetle, Brachinus crepitans, of Europe. It is said to be efficacious against rheumatism. Unof. Brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-sef-aV '-ik) [/?pa- X'iuv, the arm ; /ce^aAiy, head]. Pertaining to the arm and the head. B. Artery and Vein, the innominate artery and vein. Brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-ku' '-bit-al) [f3pa- X'iuv, the arm; cubitus, forearm]. Relating to the arm and forearm ; as the brachiocubi- tal ligament. Brachium (bra f -ke-um) [brachium, fipax'iuv, the arm]. The arm, especially the upper arm. B. cerebri or B. of Optic Lobes, the bands connecting the nates and testes with the optic thalamus. B. cerebelli, the pe- duncles of the cerebellum. B. pontis, the brachium of the pons, being also the middle peduncle of the cerebellum. Brach-Romberg Symptom. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Brachycardia (brak-e-kar' '-de-ah). Same as Bradycardia. Brachycephalic (brake-sefal' ' -ik) [fipaxvc, short; KztyaAi], a head]. I. Applied to skulls of an egg-like shape, with the larger end be- hind. 2. Having a skull the transverse diam- eter of which is more than eight-tenths of the long diameter. 'Bva.chycephalons(brak-e-sef / -al-us)[j3paxvg, short ; Ketpalr/, a head] . Brachycephalic. Brachymetropia (brak - e - met - ro'- pe - ah) [fipax'vc;, short ; perpov, a measure ; coip, the eye]. See Myopia. Bradycardia (brad-e-kar' '-de-ah) [ftpadug, slow ; napdta, the heart]. Slowness of the heart-beat. Bradyesthesia (brad-e-es-the' '-ze-ah) [fipadvg, slow; aiadrjatg, perception]. Dulness of perception. Bradylalia (brad-e-la f -le-ah) [^pad'vq, slow; "kakuv, to talk]. A slowness of utterance. Bradypepsia (brad - e - pep' - se - ah) [/3p '-dust de-pos' '-it). A reddish sediment in the urine consisting of urates. Bricklayers' Itch {brik' '-la-erz itch). Eczema due to irritation of lime-mortar. Brickmakers' Anemia. See Anchylosto- miasis. Bridle {bri'-dl) [AS., bride/]. A band or filament stretching across the lumen of a passage, or from side to side of an ulcer, scar, abscess, etc. B. Stricture, a stricture due to the presence of a delicate band stretched across the lumen of the urethra. Bright's Disease {brits dis-ez f ) [Bright, an English physician] . A term applied to any disease of the kidney associated with albu- minuria. Acute Bright's Disease, an acute inflammation of the kidney ; it may be paren- chymatous, interstitial, or diffuse. Chronic Bright's Disease, a chronic inflammation BRIM BRONCHIECTASIS of the kidney, affecting the parenchyma, the connective tissue, or both. Amyloid degen- eration is also considered a chronic form of Bright' s disease. Brim {brim) [ME., brim\ An edge or mar- gin, as the brim of the pelvis. Briquet's Ataxia. See Diseases, Table of. * Brisement (brez-mon(g) / ) [Fr.]. A crush- ing ; the forcible breaking up of structures causing ankylosis of a joint. Bristle-cell [AS., byrst, a bristle]. Any one of the ciliated cells at the terminations of the auditory nerve-filaments. British (brit'-ish) [AS., Bryttisc, Britons, the original inhabitants of Britain]. Of or pertaining to Great Britain. B. Gum. See Dextrin. Broad [prod) [AS., brad\ Wide, extensive. B. Ligament. See Ligament. B. Tape- worm. See Bothriocephalic latus. Broca's Area. The speech-center in the frontal convolution. B. Auricular Point, the center of the external auditory meatus. B. Convolution, the third left frontal con- volution ; the center for voluntary speech. B. Fissure. See Fissures, Table of. Brodie's Abscess. See Diseases, Table of. B. Disease. Same as Brodie's Knee. B. Joint. See Diseases, Table of. B. Knee. See Diseases, Table of. Brokaw Ring (brok f -aw ring). A ring used in intestinal anastomosis, made of segments of rubber drainage-tubing and threaded with catgut strands. Bromal (bro' '-mal) [/?p '- o - sel) [fiovfiov, the groin ; ktjXtj, tumor]. Inguinal hernia when the gut does not extend beyond the inguinal canal. Buccal {buk'-al) \bucca, the cheek]. Per- taining to the cheek. Buccinator {buk' -sm-a-tor)\X^., a trumpeter]. The thin, flat muscle of the cheek. Buccula {buk'-u-lah) [L. , dim. of bucca, the cheek]. The fleshy fold seen beneath the chin, and forming what is called a double chin. Buchu {bu'-ku) [native African]. The leaves of several species of Barosma, yielding a vol- atile oil, to which its properties are probably due, and a bitter extractive, barosmin. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0. 32) . It causes a sensation of glowing warmth over the body, stimulates the appetite, and increases the circulation. It is useful in cystitis and other affections of the genitourinary mucous membrane. Dose of the leaves, gr. xv-xxx (1.0-2.0). B., Bxt., Fid. Dose TT\x-f3J (0.65-4.0). B., In- fusum (unof. ), 1-16. Dose fjss-ij (16.0-64.0). B.,Infusum (B. P.). Dose f 3 H v (32.0-128.0). B., Tinctura (B. P.). Dose f^j-ij (4.0-8.0). Buck's Fascia. The superficial perineal fascia. Buckbean {buk'-ben). Bog-bean. The rhi- zome of Menyanthestrifoliata, tonic, antiscor- butic, and emmenagogue. It has been recom- mended as a vermifuge, and has been used in functional amenorrhea. Dose of fid. ext., TT^v-xxx (0.32-2 o). Unof. Buckeye Bark (buk'-i bark). The bark of sEsculus glabra, astringent and tonic, used in rectal irritation, prolapsus, and various uterine derangements. Dose of fid. ext. gtt. iij-v (0.2-0.32). Unof. Buckthorn [pick' '-thorn). See Frangula. B., California. See Cascara sagrada. Budding {bud'-ing) [ME., budden\ In biology, a form of reproduction or cell-divi- sion, occurring among the polyps and infu- sorians, in which a bud is given off by the parent and comes to resemble the latter. The process is also called gemmation. Buffy Coat {buf'-e hot). A grayish or buff- colored crust or layer sometimes seen upon a blood-clot, after phlebotomy, and once looked upon as a sign of inflammation. It is caused by the partial subsidence of the red blood- corpuscles. Buhl's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Bulb {bulb) [/?oA/3oc, a bulb]. I. An oval or circular expansion of a cylinder or tube. 2. The medulla oblongata. B. of a Hair, the swelling at the root of a hair. B., Olfactory, one of the two bulbs of the olfactory nerve situated on either side of the longitudinal fis- sure upon the under surface of each anterior lobe of the cerebrum. B. of Urethra, the posterior expanded part of the corpus spongi- osum penis. B. of the Vagina, a small body of erectile tissue on each side of the vestibule of the vagina, homologous to the bulb of the urethra of the male. B. of Vena Jugularis, the dilatation at the termination of the external jugular vein. Bulbar {bul'-bar) [/fo/l/^oc, a bulb]. Bulbous. .Pertaining to the medulla. B. Disease, or Paralysis, a term applied to the progressive and symmetric paralysis of the muscles of the mouth, tongue, pharynx, and some- times those of the larynx. This paralysis is due to a disease of the motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata ; an acute and a chronic form are met with. The acute form is due to hemorrhage or softening ; the chronic to de- generation. The disease is also called labio glossolaryngeal paralysis. There is also a pseudobulbar paralysis, due to symmetric lesions of the motor cerebral cortex. Bulbi vestibuli {bul'-bi ves-tib'-u-li) [L.]. A name sometimes given to the glands of Bartholin. Bulbocavernosus {bid- bo - kav - em - o f - sus) \_(3oX(36g, a bulb; caverna, a cavern]. The accelerator urinae muscle, corresponding to the sphincter vaginae of the female. Bulbourethral {bul-bo-u-re' -thral) [/fo/l/?dc, a bulb ; ovpr/Opa, the urethra]. Relating to the bulb of the urethra. Bulbous [(3oX/36g, a bulb]. Terminating in a bulb. B. Urethra. See Urethra. Bulesis {bu-le'-sis) [fio'vlrjotQ, the will]. The will, or an act of the will. Bulimia {bit-lim f -e-ah) \_[5ov, increase ; ?ii/wg, hunger]. Excessive, morbid hunger; it sometimes occurs in idiots and insane per- sons, and it is also a symptom of diabetes mellitus and of certain cerebral lesions. Bulimic {bu-lim'-ih) \_ftov, increase ; Xt/i6g, hunger]. Pertaining to or affected with bulimia. Bulla {bull' -ah) [bulla, a bubble] . A bleb or blister, consisting of a portion of the epider- mis detached from the skin by the infiltra- tion beneath it of watery fluid, the result of a liquefaction-necrosis. B. ethmoid- BULLET FORCEPS BUTYROID alis, a rounded projection into the middle meatus of the nose, due to an enlarged ethmoid cell. B. ossea, the inflated or dilated part of the bony external meatus of the ear. Bullet Forceps. A forceps for extracting bullets. Bullous (bull' -us) [bulla, a blister]. Marked by bullae ; of the nature of a bulla. Bundle {bun'-dl) [AS. ,bindan, to bind]. In biology, a fascicular grouping of elementary tissues, as nerve-fibers or muscle-fibers. Bunion {bun' -run) [origin uncertain]. A swelling of a bursa of the foot, especially of the great toe. Bunsen Burner. See Burner. B. Cell. See Batteries, Table of. Buphthalmia {boof-thaV -me-ah) y or Buph- thalmos {boo f -thai' '-mos) [,3ovg, ox ; b '-ser-us) [cancer, a crab]. Having the qualities of a cancer ; malignant. Canceromyces (lean - ser - o - mi'- sez). See Cladosporium cancerogenes. Cancroid (kang'-kroid) [cancer, a crab]. Cancer-like. C. Corpuscles, the pearly bodies of squamous epithelioma. C. Ulcer. See Rodent Ulcer. Cancroin (kan'-kro-iii) [cancer, a crab]. A substance (said to be identical with neurin), introduced by Adamkiewicz as a material for hypodermic injection in cases of malignant disease, it being regarded by him as an alexin destructive of cancer-tissue. Cancrum (kang'-krum) [cancer, a crab]. A cancer or rapidly-spreading ulcer. C. oris, canker of the mouth, gangrenous stomatitis, CANE SUGAR CANTHARIS noma, gangrenous ulceration of the mouth. It is a disease of childhood between the ages of one and five, characterized by the forma- tion of foul, deep ulcers of the buccal surfaces of the cheeks or lips. There is but slight pain, but the prostration is great, and death usually results from exhaustion or blood- poisoning. The disease is bacterial, poor hygienic surroundings and a debilitated sys- tem being predisposing causes. Cane Sugar. See Saccharum. Canella {kan-el f -ah) [dim. of Carina, a reed] . The bark of C. alba deprived of its corky layer and dried. It is a native of the West Indies and is an aromatic tonic and bitter stomachic. Dose of the powdered bark, gr. xv-xxx (1.0-2.0). It is official in the B. P. Canine (ka'-nni) [cam's, a dog] . Partaking of the nature of, relating to, or resembling a dog, or the sharp tearing-teeth of mammals, located between the incisors and the molars. C. Appetite, bulimia. C. Eminence, a prominence on the outer side of the upper maxillary bone. C. Fossa. See Fossa. C. Laugh, a sardonic smile or grin. C. Mad- ness, rabies, hydrophobia. C. Muscle, the levator anguli oris. C. Teeth, dentes canini ; cynodontes ; dentes laniarii ; dents angulaires ; cuspidati ; conoides ; eye-teeth. The cuspid teeth next to the lateral incisors ; so called from their resemblance to a dog' s teeth. Canities [kan-ish' '-e-ez) [Lat.]. Poliosis; hoariness ; blanching of the hair. Canker {kang> '-ker) [cancer, a crab]. An ulceration of the mouth, or any ulcerous or gangrenous sore ; cancrum oris ; in far- riery, a fetid abscess of the horse's foot. See Cancrum oris. C.-rash. Synonym of Scarlet Fever. Canna {kan' -ah) [nawa, a cane]. A genus of large-leaved marantaceous plants. C. indica, has an acrid and stimulant root ; it is alterative, diuretic, and diaphoretic. Unof. The rhizome of C. speciosa affords canna-starch, a substitute for arrow-root. Cannabene [kan f -ab-en). See Cannabis. Cannabin. See Cannabis. Cannabinin {kan - a¥- in - in) [cannabis, hemp] . A volatile alkaloid from cannabis indica. Cannabinon, Cannabinone {kan-ab' '-in-on) [cannabis, hemp]. An amorphous bitter resinoid from Indian hemp, used as an hyp- notic. Dose 1 to 3 grains (0.065-0.2). Unof. Cannabis {kan f -ab-is) [L.]. Hemp. Indian hemp. The flowering tops of C. saliva, of which there are two varieties, C. indica and C. americana, the former being the more potent. They contain a resin, cannabin, and a volatile oil, from which are obtained can- nabene, C 18 H 20 , a light hydrocarbon, and hydrid of cannabene, a crystalline body. It is antispasmodic, narcotic, and aphrodisiac. In large doses it produces mental exaltation, intoxication, and a sensation of double con- sciousness. It is used in migraine, in para- lysis agitans, in spasm of the bladder, in sexual impotence, in whooping-cough, in asthma, and in other spasmodic affections. Bang, Bhang, Gunjah, Churras, and Hashish are the various Indian names by which the drug is known. C. indica, Ext., dose gr. v£-j (0.01-0.065). C, ind., Ext., Fid., an alco- holic preparation. Dose TT\j-v (0.065-0.32). C. ind., Tinct., contains 20 per cent, of the drug. DoseTT\ / xx-f3 j (1.3-4.0). Can- nabin Tannate. Dose as an hypnotic gr. v-x (032-0.65). Cannula {kan' '-u-lah) [dim. of canna, a tube]. A tube used for withdrawing fluids from the body. It is generally fitted with a pointed rod for puncturing the integument. Canquoin's Paste. A paste of flour, water, and zinc chlorid ; it is a powerful escharotic. Cantani's Diet. An exclusive meat-diet in diabetes. Cantering Rhythm [kan' '-ter-ing rithm). See Bruit de Galop. Canthal {kan' -thai) [navQoq, a canthus]. Relating to a canthus. Cantharidal {kan-thar' '-id-al) [navdapic, a blistering fly]. Relating to or containing cantharides. Cantharides {kan-thar' '-id-ez) . Plural of Cantharis. Cantharidin {kan-thar 7 -id-in) [navdapic, a blis- tering fly], C ]0 H 12 O 4 . The bitter principle contained in Spanish flies and other insects ; it crystallizes in prisms or leaflets, and melts at 2 1 8°. It has an extremely bitter taste, and produces blisters on the skin. See Cantharis. Cantharis {kan f -thar-is) [navdapic, a blister- ing fly: pi., Canlharides~\. Spanish fly. The dried body of a species of beetle, C. vesicatoria (nat. ord. Coleoptera) . It contains a powerful poisonous principle, cantharidin, CjqH^O^. Locally applied, cantharis is a rube- facient and vesicant ; internally it is an irri- tant, causing pain and vomiting. In toxic doses it produces severe gastroenteritis, strangury, and priapism. It is used as an external counterirritant in the form of "blisters." Internally it is employed as a stimulant to the genitourinary mucous membrane, especially in cystitis, atony of the bladder, amenorrhea, etc.; also in skin diseases. C, Acetum (B. P.), of the strength of I to 8. C, Ceratum, cantharides 35, yellow wax 20, resin 20, lard 35 parts, alcohol q. s. C, Ext., Ceratum, cantharides 30, resin 15, yellow wax 35, lard 35, alcohol q. s. C, Charta, cantharides 1, Canada turpentine I, olive oil 4, spermaceti 3, white wax 8, water 10 parts, spread on CANTHECTOMY CAPSULAR paper. Charta epispastica (B. P.), blister- ing-paper (white-wax, spermaceti, olive oil, resin, Canada balsam, cantharides, distilled water). C. cum collodio, cantharides 60, flexible collodion 85, chloroform q. s. Em- plastrum picis cum cantharide, warming plaster, Burgundy pitch 92, cerat. canthar. 8 parts. Emplastrum calefaciens (B. P.), cantharides, expressed oil of nutmeg, yellow wax, resin, resin -plaster, soap-plaster, boiling water. C, Emplastrum (B. P.), cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, prepared lard, resin. C, Liniment., cantharides 15 parts, oil of turpentine q. s. ad 100. C, Tinct., contains 5 per cent, of the drug. Dose 3-10 drops (0.09-0.3). C, Unguent. (B. P.), cantharides, yellow wax, olive oil. Canthectomy [kan-thek' '-to-me) \jiavdoq, can- thus ; enTo/xi/, a cutting out]. Excision of a canthus. Canthitis (han - thi f - tis) [icavdog, canthus ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a can- thus. Canthoplasty {kan' ' -tho-plas-te) [navdog, can- thus ; TTAaaaeiv, to form]. An operation for increasing the size of the palpebral fissure by cutting the outer canthus. Canthorraphy [kan-thor f -a-fe) \jiavQ6q, can- thus; pa '-dam-id) \carbo, a. coal ; amid~\, CH 4 N 2 0. Urea. Carbinol (car'-bin-ol) \_carbo, a coal]. Me- thyl alcohol, CH 3 OH. Also a generic term for the alcohols formed by substituting hydro- carbon radicles for the hydrogen in the methyl radicle of carbinol. Carbazotic Acid (kar-baz-of -ik) . See Acid, Picric. Carbo [kar'-bd) [L.]. A coal; charcoal. C. animalis, animal-charcoal; bone-black; it is used in pharmacy and in manufacturing chemistry largely as a decolorizing agent and as a filter. C. ligni, wood-charcoal ; an absorbent, disinfectant, and deodorizer, used in poulticing wounds and dressing ulcers. It is used internally in gastrointestinal irritation. Carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi' '-drat) \_carbo, coal ; v6u>p, water]. An organic substance contain- ing six carbon atoms or some multiple of six, and hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion in which they form water ; that is, twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms. The car- bohydrates form a large class of organic compounds, and may be arranged into three groups: the glucoses (monoses) ; the disac- charids, or sugars ; and the polysaccharids. The glucoses are the aldehyd derivatives or ketone-derivatives of the hexahydric alco- hols, into which they may be converted by the absorption of two hydrogen atoms. They are mostly crystalline substances, very soluble in water, but dissolving with difficulty in alcohol. They possess a sweet taste. The disaccharids and polysaccharids are ethereal anhydrids of the glucoses. All of them may be converted into the glucoses byhydrolytic decomposition. The disaccharids are ether- like anhydrids of the hexoses. Carbolic ( ' kar-bol' '-ik) [carbo, a coal ; oleum, oil]. Containing or derived from coal-tar oil. C. Acid. See Acid, Carbolic. Carbolize (kar'-bol-iz) \_carbo, a coal ; oleum, oil]. To impregnate with carbolic acid. CARBON CARDIAC Carbon {kar'-bon) [carbo, charcoal]. Char- coal. C = I2; quantivalence II, IV. A nonmetallic element occurring in the various forms of diamond, graphite or " black lead," charcoal, and lamp-black. It is the central or characteristic element of organic compounds. Carbo animalis purificat., purified animal charcoal. Dose gr. xx-^j (1.3-4.0). C, Cataplasma(B. P.), charcoal-poultice; wood- charcoal I, bread-crumb I, linseed-meal 3, boiling water 20 parts. C. dioxid, the acid, gaseous product, having the composition of C0 2 , commonly known as " carbonic acid gas," or carbonic acid. It is a colorless gas, having a sp. gr. of 1.52, soluble in cold water, and possessing a pungent smell and an acid taste. Inhaled, it destroys animal life by asphyxiation. C. disulphid, bisulphid of carbon, CS 2 , a colorless, transparent liquid of offensive odor, highly inflammable, very poisonous. It is used as a solvent for caoutchouc and as a reagent. C. monoxid, CO, carbonic oxid, a colorless, tasteless, and inodorous gas, one of the products of imperfect combustion. It is actively poisonous. C. nitrid, CN, cyanogen. C. tetrachlorid, CC1 4 , anesthetic, used in asthma by inhalation. Unof. C. oxysulphid, a body, COS, formed by conducting sulphur-vapor and carbon monoxid through red-hot tubes ; it is a colorless gas, with a faint and peculiar odor. It unites readily with air, forming an explosive mixture, and is soluble in an equal volume of water. It is present in the waters of some mineral springs. Carbonate [carbo, a coal] . A salt of car- bon dioxid. Carbonemia {kar-bon-e f -me-ah) [carbon, charcoal; al/ua, the blood]. An accumula- tion of carbon dioxid in the blood. Carbonic Acid {kar-bon'-ik as / -id). See Carbon dioxid. Carbonization [kar-bon-iz-a'-shiin) [carbo, coal]. The process of decomposing organic substances by heat without air, until the vola- tile products are driven off and the carbon remains. Carbonyl {kar> '-bon-il) [carbo, charcoal]. A hypothetic organic radicle having the formula CO. Carboxyhemoglobin {kar-boks-y-hem-o-glo f - bin) [carbo, coal; 6fi>c, sharp; al/ua, blood]. The compound of carbon monoxid and hemoglobin, formed when CO is present in the blood. The carbon monoxid displaces the oxygen and checks the respiratory func- tion of the red corpuscles. Carboxyl (kar-boks'-il) [carbo, charcoal; otjvc, sharp]. The group, CO. OH, charac- teristic of the organic acids. The hydrogen of this can be replaced by metals, forming salts. Carbuncle {kar' '-biing-kl) [carbo, a live coal]. A hard, circumscribed, deep-seated, painful, suppurative inflammation of the sub- cutaneous tissue. It differs from a boil in having greater size, a flat top, and several points of suppuration. It is erroneously called anthrax. Carcinoma [kar - sin - o r - mail) [KapKivu/ua ; napnivog, a crab ; b/ua, tumor]. A malignant epithelial tumor composed of a connective- tissue stroma, surrounding groups or nests of epithelial cells. Three varieties are generally described — the squamous, the cylindric, and the glandular. C., Colloid, affects chiefly the alimentary canal, uterus, etc.; the deli- cate connective-tissue stroma is filled with colloid matter, the result of a colloid degen- eration of the epithelial cells. In some cases the degeneration is mucoid, instead of colloid. C. , Cylindric, one in which the cells tend to assume a cylindric or columnar shape. This shape is best seen in the cells nearest the periphery of the nests. C, En- cephaloid, is of rapid growth, with a small amount of stroma, large alveoli, and greater amount of cells and blood-vessels. C, Glandular, a carcinoma in which the cells are of the glandular or secreting type. C, Squamous, one derived from squamous epithelium ; the cells are cuboidal in shape. Carcinomatous {kar-sin-o' '-mat-us) [napnivog , a crab]. Relating to or affected with car- cinoma. Carcinosis {kar- sin- o f -sis) [napnivoq, a crab]. I. A carcinomatous cachexia; a tendency to the development of malignant disease. 2. A form of carcinoma, usually fatal, beginning generally in the uterus or the stomach and spreading to the peritoneum. C, Acute, rapidly fatal carcinosis. C. , Miliary, one in which there are many secondary nodules the size of miliary tubercles. Cardamomum [kar-dam-o' '-/;/«///) [L.]. Car- damom. The fruit of C. elettaria, cultivated in Malabar. Its properties are due to a vola- tile oil, C 10 H, 6 . It is an aromatic, carmina- tive stomachic, used as an ingredient of sev- eral " bitters." It is useful when combined with purgatives to prevent griping. C , In- fusum. Unof. Dose f]|ij (64.0). C, Tinct., 15 per cent, strength. Dose f^j-ij (4.0-8.0). C, Tinct., Comp., cardamom 20, cinnamon 20, caraway 10, cochineal 5, glycerol 60, dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 1000 parts. Dose f^j-ij (4.0-8.0). Cardia {kar'-de-ah) [napdta, the heart]. The heart. C. of the Stomach, the esophageal orifice of the stomach. Cardiac {kar' '-de-ak) [napdia, the heart]. Per- taining to the heart or to the cardia of the stomach. C. Cycle, the period included between the beginning of one heart-beat and CARDIALGIA CARNAL the beginning of another. C. Dropsy, a dropsical effusion due to heart-disease with loss of compensation. C. Ganglia, ganglia lying in the grooves and substance of the heart — the principal ones are Remak's and Bid- der's, the first on the surface of the sinus venosus, and the latter (two) at the auriculo- ventricular groove. C. Impulse, the eleva- tion caused by the movement of the heart, usually seen in the fifth left intercostal space. C. Murmurs. See Murmurs. C. Orifice, of the stomach, the esophageal orifice. C. Passion, pain in the heart or the stomach. C. Plexus. See Plexus. C. Rhythm, the term given to the normal regularity in the force and volume of the individual heart- beats. Cardialgia {kar-de-al' -je-ah) [tiapfiia, heart ; akyog, pain]. Pain in the region of the heart, usually due to gaseous distention of the stomach ; heart-burn. Cardinal {kar f -din-al) \_cardo, a hinge] . Im- portant ; preeminent. C. Flower, a common name for several species of Lobelia, chiefly L. cardinalis. C. Points of Capuron. See Pelvis. C. Veins, the venous trunks which, in the embryonic stage, form the primitive jugular veins. Cardiocele {kar' '-de-o-sel) \_Kap6ia, heart ; K7j7i7], tumor]. Hernial protrusion of the heart. Cardiocentesis {kar-de-o-sen-te' '-sis) \_Kapfiia, heart; nevTrjatQ, puncture] . Puncture of one of the chambers of the heart to relieve en- gorgement. Cardiodynia {Jzar-de-o-din'-e-aJi) [itapdia, heart; bS'vvrj, pain]. Pain in or about the heart. Cardiogram [kar f -de-o-gram) [napdia, heart ; •ypdjijua, a writing]. The tracing made of the cardiac impulse by the cardiograph. Cardiograph {kar' ' -de-o-graf) [napdia, heart ; ypatysiv, to write]. An instrument for regis- tering graphically the modifications of the pulsations of the heart. Cardioinhibitory {kar-de-o-in- hib'- it- o-re) \_napdia, the heart ; inhibere, to restrain] . Inhibiting or diminishing the heart's action. The C. fibers pass to the heart through the pneumogastric nerves. Cardiomalacia {kar-de-o-mal-a' '-se-a/i) \jiap- fila, heart; fialaida, softness]. Softening of the substance of the heart. Cardiopathy {kar - de - op f - a - the) [napS/a, heart; TrdOog, disease]. Any disease of the heart. Cardiopericarditis (kar- de- o -per- e - kar- di' - tis) [napdia, heart ; Trepi, around ; napdia, the heart; trig, inflammation]. Associated car- ditis and pericarditis ; inflammation of the heart-tissues and of the pericardium. Cardioplegia {kar-de-o-ple' '-je-ah) [mpdia, 13 heart; irlriy?], a stroke]. Paralysis of the heart. Cardiopneumatic {kar-de-o-nu-maf '-ik) \jiap- 6ia, heart; irvev/ua, the breath]. Pertain- ing to the heart and respiration. C. Move- ments, those movements of the air in the lungs that are caused by the pulsations of the heart and larger vessels. Cardiopneumograph (kar - de - - nu'- mo- graf) \_napdia, heart ; irvevfia, breath ; ypd- (j>eiv, to write]. An instrument designed for graphically recording cardiopneumatic move- ments. Cardiopuncture (kar-de-o-punk' '-chur) \_nap- 6ia, heart; punctura, a puncture]. Cardio- centesis, especially on lower animals. Cardiovascular (kar-de-o-vas' -ku-lar) \jiap- 61a, heart; vasculum, a small vessel]. Per- taining to the heart and the blood-vessels. Carditis {kar-di' '-lis) \_Kap6ia, the heart ; iriq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the heart. C, Internal. Synonym of Endocarditis. Cardol (kar'-dol). See Anacardium. Carduus [kar' '-du-us) [L., a thistle]. The seeds of C. marianus, St. Mary's thistle, and C. benedictus, blessed thistle. A decoction of the former, J ij ad Oj, constitutes an old and popular remedy for hemoptysis. The latter is also a popular cure-all, used mainly as a tonic bitter. Dose of decoction f^j-f % ss (4.0-16-0) ; of a tincture, n\x-xx (0.65-1.3). Carica Papaya {kar f -ik-ahpap-a'-yah). See Papain. Caricin {kar'-is-in). See Papain. Caries {ka f -re-ez) \_caries, rottenness]. A molecular death of bone, corresponding to ulceration in the soft tissues. C, Necrotic, when portions of the bone lie in a suppur- ating cavity. C. sicca, a form of tuberculous caries characterized by absence of suppuration, obliteration of the cavity of the joint, and sclerosis and concentric atrophy of the ar- ticular extremity of the bone. C. of Spine, or Pott's Disease, tuberculous osteitis of the bodies of the vertebra; and intervertebral fibrocartilage, producing curvature of the spine. C. of Teeth, a chemic decomposi- tion of the earthy part or any portion of a tooth, accompanied by a partial or complete disorganization of the animal framework of the affected part. Carious [ka' -re-us) \_caries, rottenness]. Per- taining to or affected with caries. Carmalum, Mayer's. A stain consisting of carminic acid I, alum 10, water 200 parts. It is well adapted for sections cut on the freez- ing microtome. Carmin [kar f -min\, C 17 H 18 O ]0 . A coloring- matter extracted from cochineal. Carnal {kar f -nal) \_camalis, fleshly]. Per- taining to flesh. C. Knowledge, sexual in- tercourse. CARNAUBA CARYOCINESIS Carnauba [kar-na-oo' '-bah) [Braz.]. The root of Corypha cerifera, a wax-producing palm-tree of tropic America. It is used in Brazil as an alterative and resembles sarsa- parilla in its properties. Dose of the fid. ext. TTLxxx-f^j (2.0-4.0). Unof. Carnification (kar - nif- ik - a f - shun) \_caro, flesh ; fieri, to become]. A term indicating the alteration of tissue, especially the lung, to a dense fleshy appearance. Carnin (kar'-nin) \_caro, flesh], C Y H 8 N 4 3 . A leukomain isolated from American meat- extract, but not from muscle-tissue itself; also obtained from yeast and wine. Carnivorous (kar-niv' '-o-rus) \_caro, flesh ; vorare, to devour] . Flesh-eating. Caroba (kar-o' '-bah) [L.]. The leaflets of Jacaranda procera and of Cybistax anti- syphilitica. It is a popular Brazilian remedy as an emetocathartic, alterative, and tonic in syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the fid. ext. TT^ xv-f 3 j (1.0-4.0). Unof. Carotid {kar-of '-id) [naptdTic ; napoeiv, to produce sleep]. I. The carotid artery, the principal large artery on each side of the neck. See Arteries, Table of. 2. Of or re- lating to the carotid artery. Carpal (karp'-al) [/cap7rdc, the wrist]. Per- taining to the wrist. Carphologia (kar-fo-lo' '-je-ah). See Carphol- ogy. Carphology {kar-foV -o-je) [naptpog, chaff ; leyeLV, to collect]. The aimless picking at the bedclothes, seen in grave fevers, partic- ularly in the so-called typhoid state. Carpometacarpal (kar-po - met- a - kar'-pal) \_KapnoQ, carpus ; //era, between, among ; Kaprcoc, carpus]. Relating to the carpus and to the metacarpus. Carpopedal (kar-po-pe' '-dal) [xapTrog, car- pus; pes, pedis, a foot]. Affecting the wrists or the hands and feet. C. Spasm, a spasm of the hands and feet, or of the thumbs and great toes, associated with the laryngismus stridulus of children. C. Contraction. See Contraction. Carpozyma [kar-po-zi' '-mah) [/cap7rdc, fruit; ^vfiTj, ferment] . A genus of microorganisms producing fermentation. Carpus [karp'-us) \jiapix6q, the wrist]. The eight bones collectively forming the wrist. Carrageen, or Carragheen [kar f -ag-en) [Carragheen in Ireland]. Irish moss. See Chondrus . Carron Oil (kar'-on oil). See Linum. Carswell's Grapes. Pulmonary tubercles when they occur in a racemose distribution at ■ the extremities of several adjacent bronchioles. Cartilage [kar' '-til-aj) \_cartilago, gristle]. Gristle; a white, semi-opaque, nonvascular connective tissue composed of a matrix con- taining nucleated cells which lie in cavities or lacunae of the matrix. When boiled, cartil- age yields a substance called chondrin. C, Articular, that lining the articular sur- faces of bones. C, Costal, that occupying the interval between the true ribs and the sternum or adjacent cartilages. C, Ensi- form, the third piece of the sternum. It is also called the xiphoid appendix. C, Epactal, small cartilaginous nodules on the upper edge of the alar cartilages of the nose. C, Hyaline, is distinguished by a granular or homogeneous matrix. C, Fibro-, distin- guished by a fibrous matrix. C. of Meckel, a process from the first branchial arch, from which the internal lateral ligament of the lower jaw is formed. C, Reticular, a peculiar cartilage found in the auricle of the ear, the epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes. Its peculiarity consists in a network of yellow elastic fibers pervading the matrix in all directions. C. of Santorini, a nodule at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage, the corniculum laryngis. C. of Weitbrecht, the interarticular fibrocartilage that exists in the acromioclavicular articulation. C. of Wrisberg, the cuneiform cartilages, one on each side of the fold of membrane stretching from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. C, Yellow. See C, Reticular. Cartilaginous (kar-til-af '-in-us) \cartilago, cartilage] . Made up of or resembling cartil- age. Carum (ha' -rum) \_mpov, caraway]. Cara- way. The seeds of C. Carui, indigenous to Europe and an allied species native to the Pacific coast of America. Its odor and taste are due to a volatile oil. It is used chiefly as a flavor. C, Aqua (B. P.). Dose f^j-ij (32.0-64.0). C, Infusum, unof., 3J-ij, ad Oj. Dose f ( ^ss-ij (16.0- 64.0). C, Oleum. Dose mj-v (0.065- 0.32). Caruncle {kar / -ung-kl) \caruncula, dim. of caro, flesh]. A small, fleshy growth. C, Lacrymal, one upon the conjunctiva near the inner canthus. C, Urethral, a small, bright-red growth situated on the posterior lip of the meatus urinarius ; a frequent con- dition in women. The caruncle varies in size from a hempseed to a filbert ; it is very painful, especially during micturition and coitus, and bleeds readily. Carunculae (kar-ung' '-ku-le) \jcaruncula, a caruncle]. The nymphre. C. myrtiformes, the projections of membrane near the orifice of the vagina, thought to be the remains of the hymen after its rupture. Carvacrol (karv f -ak-rol) [Ital., carvi, cara- way; a/cpoc, sharp], C ]0 H ]3 .OH. A liquid body occurring in the oil of certain varieties of satureia. Caryocinesis (kar-e-o-sin-e' '-sis) [napvov, a CARYOLYSIS CASTANEA nut (nucleus) ; kivtjgic, movement]. See Karyokinesis. Caryolysis (kar-e-ol* '-is-is) \_mpvov, nucleus ; Xiieiv, to loose]. The process of the dissolu- tion of cell-nuclei. Caryomitosis. See Karyo mitosis. Caryophyllin (kar-e-o-fiF-in) [napvov, a nut ; (pb'kTiov, a leaf], C 10 H 16 O or C 20 H 32 O 2 . The neutral crystalline principle of cloves. Caryophyllus (kar-e-o-fil' -us) \jiapvov, a nut ; 0/vJW, a leaf]. Clove. The unexpanded flowers of Eugenia caryophyllata, distin- guished by their pungent, spicy taste. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, which is antiseptic, stimulant, and irritant. It also contains a crystalline body, eugenin, C 10 H 12 - 2 , and a camphor, caryophyllin, C 10 H 16 O. It is useful as a stomachic, and to prevent "griping" when combined with purgatives. C, Infusum (B. P.). A strength of I to 40 is recommended. Dose f^j-ij (32.0-64.0). C, Oleum, contains an acid and a phenol com- pound. Dose TT\j-iv (0.065-0.26). It is used also by microscopists to clarify pre- parations and tissues for mounting. Caryoplasm (kar f -e-o-plazm) \jidpvov, a nu- cleus ; irMofia, that which is formed]. The plasm of a cell-nucleus ; nuclear plasm. Casca Bark (kas'-kah bark). Sassy bark ; Ordeal bark. The bark of Erythrophlozum guinense, a tree native to Africa. Its prop- erties are due to an alkaloid. It is valuable in intermittent fevers, and as a heart-tonic ; in over-doses it produces nausea and vomit- ing. Erythrophlein, the active alkaloid, unof. , is a local anesthetic. C, Ext., Aq. Dose gr. j (0.065). C., Ext., Fid. Dose ir^v-xv (0.32-1.0). C, Tinct., 25 per cent, in strength. Dose rr^ x (0.65). Unof. Cascara {Jms-kar' '-ah) [Sp., "bark"]. The bark. C. amarga, Honduras bark. The bark of a tree native to Mexico, much used as an alterative tonic in syphilis and skin affections. C. Cordial, a trade preparation. Dose TTLxv-f3ij (1.0-8.0). C, Ext., Fid. Dose fgss-j; (2.0-4.0); of the powdered extract gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). Unof. C. sag- rada, Chittem bark, Sacred bark. The bark of Rhamnus purshiana, or California Buckthorn. Its properties are due to a vola- tile oil. It is useful in the treatment of chronic constipation. Case, sagrad., Ext. (B. P.). Dose gr. ij-viij (0.13-0.52). Case, sagrad., Ext., Liquidum (B. P.). Dose TTLv-f^j (0.32-4.0). Cascarilla [kas-kar-W '-ah) [Sp. , dim. of casca, bark]. The bark of Croton eluteria, native to the Bahama Islands, an aromatic bitter, in- creasing the natural secretions of the diges- tive organs. C, Infus. (B. P.). Dosef^j- ij (32.0-61.0). C, Tinctura (B. P.). Dose f 3 ss— ij (2.0-8.0). Cascarillin [kas-kar-il'-in) \_cascarilla, dim. of casca, bark], C 6 H 9 2 . The active prin- ciple of cascarilla-bark ; a white, crystalline, bitter substance, scarcely soluble in water. Caseation (ha-ze-a' '-shun) \_caseum, cheese]. The precipitation of casein during the coagu- lation of milk. Also a form of degeneration in which the structure is converted into a soft, cheese-like substance. Casein {ka f -ze-in) [casetim, cheese]. A de- rived albumin, the chief proteid of milk, precipitated by acids and by rennet. It is closely allied to alkali-albumin, but contains more nitrogen and a large amount of phos- phorus. It constitutes most of the curd of milk. C. Saccharid, a compound of dry casein one part, cane-sugar nine parts, and sodium bicarbonate enough to render it slightly alkaline. It is useful in preparing emulsions of oils, balsams, terpenes, resins, or gum-resins. C, Vegetable, two varieties have been described, — Legumin, in peas, beans, etc., and Conglutin, in hops and almonds. Caseous (ka f -ze-us) \caseum, cheese]. Hav- ing the nature or consistency of cheese. Cassava (kas-a f -vah) [Sp., casabe\ . The fecula of manioc, Janipha manihot, sepa- rated from the juice. Unof. See Tapioca. Casserian (kas-e'-re-an). See Gasserian. Cassia (cash'-e-ah) \_moia, a perfume]. I. A genus of leguminous plants, several species of which afford senna. 2. An old name, still used commercially, for the coarser varieties of cinnamon. See Cinnamon. C. Bark, Cassia lignea. See Cinnamon. C. Buds, the immature fruit of Chinese cinnamon ; used chiefly as a spice. C. marilandica, of N. America, produces the leaves called American senna, which are less active as a cathartic than the true senna. C. Oil, a variety of oil of cinnnamon, used in pharmacy and in perfumery. The pulp, C, Pulpa (B. P.) , is a mild laxative. Dose £ j— ij (4.0-8.0). C, Purging, is the fruit of a tree, C. fistula, growing in tropic regions. Cast (hast) [ME., casten, to throw]. I. A mass of fibrous or plastic material that has taken the form of some cavity in which it has been moulded. From their source, casts may be classified as bronchial, intestinal, nasal, esophageal, renal, tracheal, urethral, vaginal, etc. Of these, the renal casts are the most important, by reason of their significance in diseases of the kidney. Classed according to their constitution, casts are epithelial, fatty, fibrinous, granular, hyaline, mucous, san- guineous, waxy, etc. See Tube-casts. 2. Strabismus. Castanea [kas-ta f -ne-ah) [L.]. Chestnut. The leaves of C.vesca. They contain tannic^ and gallic acids and other principles the CASTOR CATARACT value of which is not known. They are used in infusion or decoction as a remedy for whooping-cough. C, Ext., Fid. Dose TT^ v-lx (0.32-2.6). Castor [kas f -tor). See Castoreum. C. Bean and C. Oil. See Ricinus. Castoreum (kas - to f - re - uni) [ndcTtop, the beaver]. The dried preputial follicles and their secretion, obtained from the beaver, Castor fiber. It is a reddish-brown sub- stance with a strong odor. It is antispas- modic and stimulant, its action resembling that of musk. C, Tinct. Dosef^ss-j (2.0-4.0). Castration [kas-tra f -shun) \castrare, to cut]. Orchectomy ; the excision of one or both testicles. C, Female, removal of the ova- ries ; oophorectomy ; spaying. Catabolergy, or Katabolergy [kat-ab' '-ol-er- je) [Kara, down ; /3aAAeiv, to throw ; epyov, work]. Energy expended in katabolic pro- cesses. Catabolic [kat-ab- o^-ik) \jiard, down ; (3aA- Astv, to throw]. Of the nature of, or per- taining to, catabolism. Catabolism {kat-ab f -o-lizni) [/card, down ; j3d?iAeiv, to throw]. Destructive metamor- phosis ; disassimilation ; physiologic disinte- gration. Catacrotic [kat-ah-krot f -ik) [nard, down ; upoToc, a striking]. Interrupting the line of descent in a sphygmogram. Catalepsy [kat / '-al-ep-se) \jiard, down ; Aa/u- ftdveiv, to seize]. A condition of morbid sleep, associated with a loss of voluntary motion and a peculiar plastic rigidity of the muscles, by reason of which they take any position in which they are placed and pre- serve it for an indefinite time. The condi- tion is associated with hysteria, with forms of insanity, and is a stage of the hypnotic sleep. C, Local, that affecting a single organ or group of muscles. Cataleptic [kat-al-ep'-tik) '[Kara, down ; Aa/u- (3dvecv, to seize]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, catalepsy. Cataleptiform [kat-al-ep'-tif-orni) \_Kard, down; Aa^ifidvuv, to seize; forma, form]. Resembling catalepsy. Catalysis [kat-al' '-is-is) [naraAvEtv, to dis- solve]. In chemistry, a reaction that ap- pears to take place owing to the mere pres- ence of another body that apparently under- goes no change. Catalytic [kat-al-if '-ik) [naTaAvetv, to dis- solve]. I. Of the nature of, or character- ized by, catalysis. 2. Any medicine that is supposed to break down, destroy, or counter- act morbid agencies existing within the economy. Catamenia [kat-am-e' '-ne-ah) \jiard, concern- ing, according to ; /ur/v, month]. The recur- rent monthly discharge of blood during sexual life from the genital canal of the female. Catamenial [kat-am-e' '-ne-al) [/card, con- cerning; jut/v, a. month']. Pertaining to the catamenia. Cataphoresis [kat-af-or-e' '-sis) \_nard, down ; (popeeiv, to carry]. The introduction of drugs into the system through the skin, by means of ointments or solutions applied by the electrode of a battery. Cataphoric [kat-afor' ' -ik) \_nard, down ; (popeecv, to carry]. Passing or causing to pass from the anode to the kathode, through a diaphragm or septum. Cataplasm [kat f -ap-lazni) \_K.aTdTz?,acjj.a, a poultice]. See Poultice. Cataplasma [kat-ap-laz ; -mah). A poultice. C. fermenti (B. P.), a mixture of beer yeast, wheaten flour, water at loc° F. It is a stimulant and antiseptic for indolent ulcers. Cataract [kat'-ar-akt) \_KarappdKT7jg, a water- fall]. Partial or complete opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsule. C., Capsular, cataract due to opacity of the capsule. C. , Cortical, one due to loss of transparency of the outer layers of the lens. C, Diabetic, is associated with diabetes. C, Discission of, an operation preliminary to absorption, or extraction by suction, consisting in rupturing the capsule, so that the aqueous humor gains access to the lens. C, Extraction of, removal of the cataractous lens by surgical operation. C, Fluid, the breaking up of an opaque lens into a milky fluid. C, Green, a name given to a grayish -green reflex seen in glaucoma ; it is also seen when the pupil is dilated and the media are not completely transparent. C, Hard. See C, Senile. C., Immature, only a part of the lens-substance is cataractous. C, Incipient, one still in its early stages. C, Lacteal, See C, Fluid. C, Lamellar, one due to opacity of certain layers between the cortex and nucleus, the remaining layers being transparent. C, Lenticular, one occurring in the lens proper. C, Mature, one in which the whole lens-substance is cataractous. C, Morgagnian, when an over-ripe C. shrinks and leaves a nucleus floating in the dissolved outer layers. C, Polar (anterior or posterior) , the opacity is confined to one pole of the lens. C., Pyramidal, the opacity is at the anterior pole and is conoid, the apex extending forward. C, Recur- rent Capsular, or Secondary, capsular cataract, appearing after the extraction of the lens. C, Ripe. See C, Mature. C, Senile, the cataract of old persons, the most frequent form, and that understood when not specified as congenital, juvenile, traumatic, soft, etc. C, Soft, is especially that of the young ; the lens matter is of soft consistency CATARACTOUS CATOPTRIC TEST and milky appearance. C, Unripe. See C. , Immature. C, Zonular. See C, Lamellar. Cataractous {kat-ar-ak' '-tus) [narappanTTjc;, a waterfall]. Of the nature of or affected with cataract. Catarrh (kat-ahr ; ) \jiarapphLv , to flow down]. Inflammation of a mucous membrane. The term is also applied to certain inflam- mations of the tubules of the kidney and the air- vesicles of the lung. C, Epidemic. See Influenza. - C, Gastric, gastritis. C, Intestinal, enteritis. C, Nasal, coryza. C, Pulmonary, bronchitis. C, Suffocative. Synonym of Bronchitis , Capillary. C, Uterine, endometritis. C, Venereal. Synonym of Gonorrhea. C, Vesical, cys- titis. Catarrhal {kat-ahr' '-al) [narappeetv, to flow down]. Of the nature of, affected with, or relating to catarrh. C. Fever. Synonym of Influenza. C. Inflammation, an in- flammation of an archiblastic surface char- acterized by proliferation and desquamation of the epithelium. Catastate or Katastate (kat f -as-tdt) [tiaraa- tcltoc;, settling down]. i\.ny one of a series of successive catabolic substances or condi- tions, each one of which is less complex, more stable, and exhibits less functional activity than its predecessor. Catatonia, or Katatonia [kat-at-o' '-ne-ah) [Kara, down; tovoq, tension]. A form of insanity characterized by a pathetic emotional state and verbigeration, combined with a condition of motor tension. Catechin (kat' -e-chin) \_catechii\, C 2l H 20 - 9 -f- 5H 2 0. Catechinic acid, the active principle of catechu. It crystallizes in shining needles of a snow-white, silky ap- pearance. Catechu {kat r -e-choo) [E. Ind. ]. An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia catechu, a native of the East Indies. It contains 50 per cent, of tannic acid, and hence is a powerful astringent. It is used for the diarrhea of children and as a gargle and mouth-wash. Dose of the powdered extract gr. x— ^ss (0.65-2.0). C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose f^j-iss (32.0-48.0). C, Pulv., Comp. (B. P.). Contains catechu, kino, and rhatany. Dosegr. xx-xl (1.3-2.6). C, Tinct., Com- posita, contains catechu 12, cinnamon 8, dilute alcohol q. s. ad ioi. Dose Tr^x-f^ (0.65-4.0). C, Trochisci, each contains one grain of catechu with sugar, tragacanth, and orange-flower water. Catelectrotonus {kat-el-ck-trotf -o-nus) \_nara, down; fyXenrpov, amber; rovoq, tension]. The state of increased irritability of a nerve near the cathode. See Anelectrotonus. Catgut (hat' -gut). The intestines of a sheep treated to make ligatures. C, Carbolized, catgut rendered aseptic by soaking in a solu- tion of phenol. C, Chromicized, treated with chromic acid. C. Plate, an appliance for uniting the intestinal edges in intestinal anastomosis. It is made of a solid catgut sheet ; is thin, large, and flat, and resembles the Senn decalcified bone-plates. Catharsis {kath-ar' 'sis) [nadaipeiv, to purge]. Purgation. Cathartic {kath-ar' '-tik) [mdapTLKoq, purg- ing]. I. Purgative. 2. A medicine used to produce evacuations of the bowels. A purgative. C. Acid. See Senna. C. Pill, Compound. See Colocynth. Catheter (kath> '-et-er) \_Ka6er?]p, a thing put down]. A hollow tube for introduction into a cavity through a narrow canal. C, Bozeman's, a double-current uterine cathe- ter. C, Eustachian, an instrument for examining the E. tube, distending, or mak- ing applications to it. C. Fever, systemic disturbance with fever, following the intro- duction of the catheter into the urethra. C, Gouley's, a solid, curved-steel instru- ment grooved on its inferior aspect, for passing over a guide, through a stricture into the bladder. C, Lung, a soft-rubber tube that may be passed down the trachea. C, Schrotter's, instruments of hard rubber and of varying caliber, somewhat triangular on section, used for the dilatation of laryn- geal strictures. C, Self-retaining, one that will hold itself within the. bladder with- out other appliances to assist it. Catheterism, or Catheterization {kath f -et- er-izmi or kath-et-er-iz-a' '-shun) \_K.aderrjp, a thing put down]. The introduction of a catheter. Cathodal {kath' '-o-dal) [/caro , down ; udoc;, way]. Relating to the cathode. Cathode (kath'-od) [/card, down; wooc, way]. The negative electrode or pole of an electric circuit. Cathodic {kath-od' '-ik) [/card, down ; wdoq, way]. Relating to the cathode. Cation [kaf '-e-on) [/card, downward; levai, to go]. An electropositive element; one that accumulates at the cathode in electroly- sis. See Ion. Catling, or Catlin {kat'-ling, or kat f -lhi) [dim. of cat~\. A long, pointed, two-edged knife used in amputation. Catnep, or Catnip (hat'-nep, or -nip) [cor- ruption of catmint]. The leaves and tops of the herb Nepeta cataria, a stimulant and tonic ; a popular remedy for chlorosis, hys- teria, etc. Dose of fid. ext. f^j-ij (4.0-8.0). Unof. Catoptric Test. The diagnosis of cataract by means of the reflection of images from the cornea and lens-capsules. CATOPTRICS CELIAN Catoptrics {kat-op' '-triks) \jidroTcrpov, a mir- ror]. The laws of the reflection of light. Cauda {kaw'-dah) [L.]. Tail. C. cerebelli, the vermiform process. C. epididymidis ; the inferior part of the epididymis. C. equina, a term applied collectively to the roots of the sacral and coccygeal nerves, from their resemblance to a horse's tail. Caudad (kaw'-dad) [cauda, the tail ; ad, to]. Toward the tail or cauda; opposed to cepha- lad ; in man, downward. Caudal {katv'-dal') [cauda, the tail]. Per- taining to a cauda, or tail. Caudate (kaw'-dat) [cauda , a tail] . Having or resembling a tail. C. Lobe of Liver, a small lobe of the liver. C. Nucleus, the in- traventricular portion of the corpus striatum. Caul {kawl) [ME. , calle, a hood]. I. A portion or all of the fetal membranes covering the head and carried out in advance of it in labor. 2. The great omentum. Cauliflower Excrescence. A tumor with an irregular surface resembling the cauliflower. Caulophyllum [kaw - lo -fil f - uni) [nav^oc, stalk: (pvXTiov, leaf]. Blue cohosh, " Squaw- root; " the rhizome and rootlets of C thal- ictroides, growing in Canada and the northern U. S. It contains a glucosid, saponin, and two resins, one of which is caulophyllin. It produces intermittent contractions of the gravid uterus, and possesses diuretic, emmen- agogue, and antispasmodic powers. There are no official preparations. Dose of the powdered drug gr. v-xx (0.32-I.3) ; of Caulophyllin, gr. ij— v (0.13-0.32). Causalgia {kaw-zal f -je-ah)[Kavooq, a burning ; a'Ayog, pain] . The burning pain that is some- times present in injuries of the nerves. Caustic [kaivs f -tik) [naiuv , to burn] . I. Very irritant ; burning ; capable of destroying tis- sue. 2. A substance that destroys tissue. C. Alkali, a pure alkaline hydrate or oxid. C, Lunar, argentic nitrate. C, Mitigated, argentic nitrate made less active by fusion with potassium nitrate or argentic chlorid. C. Potash, potassium hydrate. C. Soda, sodium hydrate. Cauterant [kaw / -ter-anf) [navrrjp, a burner]. I. Caustic; escharotic. 2. A caustic sub- stance. Cauterism ( kaw' '-ter-ism). See Cauterization. Cauterization {kaw-ter-iz-a' '-snun) [Kavrrj- pia r eiv, to cauterize]. The application of a cautery ; the effect of such an application. Cauterize (kaw-ter-iz) [navrr]pLd(,£Lv, to cau- terize]. To sear or burn with a cautery or a caustic. Cautery [kaw f -ter-e) [navTrjpLov ; a branding iron]. A metal instrument heated by the electric current or in a flame, used to destroy tissue, or for producing counterirritation. C, Actual, the white-hot iron. C, Button, an iron heated in hot water. C, Galvanic, a platinum-wire heated by electricity. C, Paquelin's, or C, Thermo-, a hollow plat- inum-point kept at a uniform temperature by a current of benzene vapor. C, Potential, or C, Virtual, the application of caustic sub- stances. Cava {ka'-vah) [L.]. A vena cava. Caval (ka'-val) [cava, a hollow]. Relating to a vena cava. Cavalry Bone {kav f -al-re bon). A bony de- posit in the adductor muscles of the thigh. Cavernoma {kav-ern-o' ' -mah)[caverna , a cav- ern ; bjia, a tumor]. A cavernous tumor; a cavernous angioma. Cavernous (kav f -er-nus) [caverna, a cave]. Having hollow spaces. C. Bodies, the cor- pora cavernosa of the penis. C. Breathing, the breath-sounds heard over a pulmonary cavity. C. Groove, the carotid groove. C. Plexus. See Plexus. C. Sinus, a venous sinus situated at the side of the body of the sphenoid. C. Tissue, erectile tissue. C. Tumor, a cavernous angioma. Cavitary {kav' '-it-a-re) [cavitaritis, hollow]. Hollow ; having or forming cavities. Cayenne Pepper (ki'-enpefi'-er). See Cap- sicum. Cazenave's Lupus. See Diseases, Table of . Cc, an abbreviation for cubic centimeter. Cd., symbol for Cadmium. Ce., symbol for Cerium. Cebocephalus (se-bo-sef'-al-tis) [k^^oq, a monkey ; Kt^aMj, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species cycloceph- alus, in which there is entire absence of the nose, with, however, two orbital cavities and two eyes, the interocular region being narrow and perfectly flat. Cedar (se'-dar) [cedriis, cedar]. One of the genus of coniferous trees, Cedrus. C, Oil of, a transparent oil obtained from Juniperus vir- giniana, and used as a clearing agent in his- tology and for oil-immersion lenses. -cele (sel) [nifkri, a tumor]. A suffix denoting a tumor. Celia [se f -le-ali) [noiAia, the belly]. 1. The belly : the stomach. 2. A ventricle of the brain. Celiac (se'-le-ak) \_cceliacus ; KoiX'ta, belly]. Abdominal ; pertaining to the belly. C. Artery. Same as C. Axis. See Arteries, Table of. C. Axis, a branch of the abdom- inal aorta ; it divides into the gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. See Arteries, Table of. C. Ganglion. See Ganglion, Semilunar. C. Plexus. A sympathetic nerve-plexus situated about the origin of the celiac axis. Celialgia {se-le-al' -je-ah) [noilia, belly; akyoQ, pain]. Pain in the abdomen. Celian, Celine (se'-le-an, se'-lin.) Same as Celiac. CELIOTOMY CENESTHESIS Celiotomy [se-le-ot' -o-me) \_Koikia, belly; to/lit/, a cutting] . Surgical opening of the abdominal cavity. Celiitis, Cceliitis [se-le-i f -tis) \Koikia, belly ; itiq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the abdominal organs. Cell (sel) \_cella, a small, hollow cavity]. I. A granular mass of protoplasm containing a nucleus. The typical adult cell consists of protoplasm or cell-contents, a nucleus, and within the latter, one or more nucleoli. The cell may or may not have a cell-wall. The protoplasm consists of two parts, the spongioplasm and the hyaloplasm. The nucleus is made up of a nuclear membrane, nuclear fibrils (chromatin), and nuclear matrix (achromatin). The nucleolus is a highly refracting body the function of which is not known. 2. A galvanic element, or single member of a galvanic battery without the connecting wire between the metals. C, Air. See Air-cell C, Ameboid, a cell capable of changing its form and of moving about like an ameba. C, Apolar, a nerve- cell without processes. C, Beaker. See C, Goblet. C. -capsule, a thick or unusually strong cell-wall. C, Ciliated, one provided with cilia. C. -cones, the cancer-nests of a squamous epithelioma — so called from their cone-shape. C. of Corti, any one of the hair-cells on the outer surface of the organ of Corti. C, Cylindric, a variety of epithelial cell shaped like a miniature cylinder. C, Daughter, a cell originating from the divi- sion of the protoplasm of a mother-cell. C. of Deiters, one of the cells with fine pro- cesses resting on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, beneath the air-cells; also a neuroglia- cell. C. Demilune, Giannuzzi's cells, granu- lar protoplasmic cells found in mucous glands, lying between the mucous cells and the base- ment-membrane. C. -doctrine, the theory that the cell is the unit of organic structure, and that cell-formation is the essential pro- cess of life and its phenomena. C, Endothe- lial, flat cells found on the inner surface of vessels and spaces that do not communicate directly with the external air. C, Epider- mic, or Epithelial. See Epithelium. C, Ganglion, a large nerve-cell, especially that found in the spinal ganglia. C. of Gian- nuzzi. See C, Demilune. C, Giant, large multinuclear cells occurring in tuberculosis and other infectious granulomata, in bone, in giant-cell tumors, etc. C. -globulins, Hal- liburton's name for forms of globulin that occur in lymph-corpuscles and can be ex- tracted from them by solutions of sodium chlorid. C, Goblet, an epithelial cell that has been bulged out like a goblet by the presence of mucin. C. -islets, the centers of most active growth in young cellular tissues. They contain the stores of nutriment that are gradually dissolved and digested. C, Lymphoid, a small, round, connective-tissue cell containing a relatively large nucleus. C, Mother, a cell that divides its proto- plasm and gives each part a new cell- wall. C. -multiplication, Cytogenesis, a name given to the process of reproduction of cells. It may be direct, as when a cell constricts and cuts off a part of itself, or indirect, when the division is preceded by the cycle of nuclear changes known as karyokinesis. C. -nests, a collection of epithelial cells closely packed together and surrounded by a connective- tissue stroma. Cell-nests are found in car- cinomata. C, Squamous, a variety of epi- thelial cells found on the surface of the skin and certain mucous membranes and charac- terized by their scale-like flatness. C, Vaso- factive, or Vasoformative, a cell that in embryonic or very early life, and probably in certain neoplasms, anastomoses with other similar cells so as to form blood-vessels. CelloMin (sel-oid'-iit) \cella ; e Woe, form]. A concentrated form of collodion for use in imbedding objects for histologic purposes. Cellular [seV -ti-lar) \cella, cell]. Relating to or composed of cells. C. Pathology. See Pathology. Cellule {sel' -ill) [cellula, a small cell]. A small cell. Cellulitis (sel-ti-li'-tis) \_cellula, a small cell ; ltiq, inflammation]. A diffuse inflammation of cellular tissue. C, Pelvic. See Para- metritis. Cellulose {seV -tt-los) \_cellula, a little cell], C 12 H 20 O 10 . Wood-fiber; lignose, the prin- cipal ingredient of the cell-membranes of all plants. It is a white, amorphous mass, insoluble in most of the usual solvents. Celosoma {se-lo-so r -mail) [nijfo/, hernia; acofia, a body]. A species of single auto- sitic monsters characterized by more or less extensive body-cleft with eventration, associ- ated with various anomalies of the extremi- ties, of the genitourinary apparatus, of the intestinal tract, and even of the whole trunk. Celotomy (se-lof '-o-me) \_Krfki], hernia; re/uveiv, to cut]. The operation for strangulated hernia by incision of the stricture. Cement (se-ment') \_cczmentum, a rough stone]. Any plastic material capable of be- coming hard and of binding together the ob- jects that are contiguous to it ; filling-mate- rial for the teeth ; the crusta petrosa of the teeth. C. Substance, the substance holding together the endothelial cells of the intima of blood-vessels. Cenesthesis (sen-es-the'-sis) \K0iv6g, common ; aicdrjoic, feeling]. The prevailing conscious state of feeling, either of depression or of exaltation, which is the resultant of the sub- CENTAUREA CENTROSOME conscious perceptions from the whole or- ganism. Centaurea {sen-taw' '-re-ah) [nEvravpov, cen- taur]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs. C. benedicta. See Carduus. Centaury {sen/ -taw-re) \centauria~\ . A popu- lar name for various plants of the genera Centaurea, Eiythrcea, Sabbatia, Chlora, etc. It is used as a simple, bitter tonic. Dose £ ss-j in decoction several times a day. Unof. Center {se?i'-ter) [nevrpov, the center]. I. The middle point of any surface or of a body. 2. The ganglion or plexus whence issue the nerves controlling a function. C, Accel- erating, a center in the medulla send- ing accelerating fibers to the heart. These leave the cord through the branches of com- munication of the lower cervical and upper six dorsal nerves, passing thence into the sympathetic. C, Auditory, a center in the first temporosphenoidal convolution, upon each side. C, Broca's. See C, Speech. C, Cardioinhibitory, in the medulla, effer- ent impulses being carried by the vagus. C, Ciliospinal, connected with the dilatation of the pupil ; it is in the lower cervical part of the cord, and extends downward to from the 1st to the 3d dorsal. C, Convulsional, a hypothetic center said to lie in the floor of the 4th ventricle. C, Coughing, in the me- dulla, above the inspiratory center. C, Dia- betic, in the posterior part of the anterior half of the floor of the 4th ventricle, in the median line. C, Erection, is in the lumbar region of the spinal cord, but is controlled from the medulla. C. for Mastication and Sucking, in the medulla. C. for Secretion of Saliva, on the floor of the 4th ventricle. C, Olfac- tory, probably in the hippocampal region of the temporal lobe. C, Heat-regulating or Temperature, the center for the control of body-temperature. See Thermotaxis. C, Leg, in the upper portion of the ascending frontal convolution. C. of Ossification, the place in bones at which ossification begins. C, Parturition, in the spinal cord, at the level of the 1st and 2d lumbar vertebrae. C, Respiratory, in the medulla, between the nuclei of the vagus and accessorius. C, Sneezing, in the medulla. C, Spasm, in the medulla, at its junction with the pons. C, Speech, in the third left frontal convolution in right-handed people; probably the island of Reil has some influence also. C, Swal- lowing, on the floor of the 4th ventricle. C, Sweat, the dominating center is in the me- dulla, with subordinate centers in the spinal cord. C, Upper, for Dilator Pupillae, in the medulla. C, Vasodilator, in the me- dulla. C, Vaso-motor, in the medulla. C, Visual, in the occipital lobe, especially in the cuneus. Centering {sen' -ter-ing) [nevrpov, a center]. In microscopy, the arrangement of an object or an accessory so that its center coincides with the optic axis of the microscope. In optics, having the pupil and the optic center of the refracting lens in the same axis. Centesimal {sen-tes'-im-al) [centu?n, hun- dred]. In the proportion of I to 100. Centigrade {sen'-te-grdd) [centum, a hun- dred; gradus, a step]. Abbreviation, C. Having 100 divisions or degrees. C. Ther- mometer, a thermometer with zero as the freezing-point and 100 as the boiling point of water. See Thermometer. Centigram {sen' '-te-grani) [centum, a hun- dred; ypa/ufia, a small weight]. The hundredth part of a gram, equal to 0.15433 Troy grain. Centiliter {sen'-til-e-ter) [centum, a hundred ; alt pa, a pound]. The hundredth part of a liter, equal to 0.6102 of a cubic inch. Centimeter {sen' ' -tim-e-ter) [centiwi, a hun- dred ; /uirpov, a measure]. The hundredth part of a meter, equal to 0.39371 (or about |) of an inch. Centinormal {sen-te-nor'-mal) [centum, a hundred ; norma, normal]. The T ^ 7 of the normal ; applied to a solution the yl-g- of the strength of a normal solution. Centrad {sen' -trad) [centrum, the center ; ad, to]. Toward the center, or toward the median line. Central {sen'-tral) [centrum, the center]. Relating to the center ; passing through the center. C. Artery, an artery in the optic nerve and retina; it passes to the optic papilla and then divides See Arteries, Table of. C. Ganglia, the corpora striata and thalami optici. C. Ligament, the terminal filum of the spinal cord. C. Lobe, the island of Reil. Centraphose {sen'-trafos). See Those. Centric {sen'-trik) [centrum, a center]. Relat- ing to a center, especially to a nerve-center. Centrifugal {sen-trif'-u-gal) [centrum, cen- ter ; fugere, to fly] . Receding from the center to the periphery. C. Machine, one by which tubes of liquid are rapidly revolved for the purpose of driving particles floating in t"..e liquid to the distal ends of the tubes. Centrifuge (sen'-trif-uj) [centrum, the cen- ter; fugere, to fly]. A centrifugal machine. Centripetal {sen-trip' -et-al) [centrum, the center; pelere, to seek]. Traveling toward the center from the periphery. Centrolecithal {sen-tro-les' '-ith-al) [nevTpov, center; AeklBoc, yolk]. In embryology, hav- ing the food-yolk located centrally. Centrosome {sen'-tro-som) [nevrpov, center; atijua, body]. A highly refractive body ly- ing in the protoplasm of the ovum and other cells, and taking an active part in cell-divi- sion. It is also known as pole-capsule. CENTRUM CEREBROSCOPY Centrum (sen f -trum) [L.]. The center or middle part ; the body of a vertebra, exclu- sive of the bases of the neural arches. C. ovale majus, the large mass of white mat- ter appearing when either of the cerebral hemispheres is cut down to the level of the corpus callosum. C. ovale minus, the white matter appearing when the upper part of a hemisphere of the brain is removed. Cephaelis [sef -a f -el-is). See Ipecacuanha. Cephalad (sef'-al-ad) [Kzfyaki), head; ad, to]. Toward the head. Cephalalgia (sef-al-al'-ge-ah) [ae^aTd] , head; a'Ayog, pain]. Headache. Cephalhematoma (sef- al- hem - at-o / - mah) [nE(pa?J], head; alfia, blood; bfia, tumor]. A collection of blood beneath the pericranium, forming a tumor-like swelling. Cephalic (sef-aV -ik) [nE chem- istry ; rdoasiv, to arrange]. Pertaining or relating to chemotaxis. Chemotaxis, Chemiotaxis (kem-o-taks'-is, keiti-e-o-taks ; -is) [ j?7//£«i, chemistry ; rdaaeiv, to order, arrange]. The property of cellular attraction and repulsion. It is displayed by the proteid constituents of the protoplasm of various species of bacteria, as well as by pro- teids from a great variety of sources. The qualifications positive and negative are added according as the phenomenon is one of attraction or repulsion. Chemotic (ke-mot'-ik) [xW ucn C> a g a P m g]- Pertaining to or marked by chemosis. Chemotropism (kem-ot'-ro-pizm) [j^em, chemistry; Tporrrj, a turning]. The destruc- tion of bacteria by phagocytes ; the victory of the phagocytes over bacteria, or of bac- teria over phagocytes. In biology, the attraction of leukocytes by certain chemic substances held in solution in the blood. Cf. Chemotaxis. Chenopodium (ken-o po f -de-uni) \_XW, a goose; irodiov, a little foot]. American Wormseed ; the fruit of C. ambrosioides, or anthelminticum , a plant native to the United States, with properties due to a volatile oil, which is the only preparation used. It is an efficient anthelmintic against the round- worm. Dose of the oil TT^v-xv (0.32-1.0). Cherry {cher'-e) [tiepaoog, cherry-tree]. The bark of the common cherry, Prunus sero- tina, a mild bitter and tonic, containing tannin. Dose of fid. ext. f^ss-j (2.0-4.0). Prunin, a concentrated extract ; dose gr. j-iij (0.065-0.2). See also Choke-cherry and Prunus virginiana. C. -laurel, the Euro- pean evergreen cherry, Primus laurocera- sus. Water distilled from its leaves is used in the same way as dilute hydrocyanic acid. Dose TTLxxx-f 3J (2.0-4.0). Chest. See Thorax. C, Barrel-, a peculiar formation of the chest observed in cases of long-standing emphysema of the lungs ; it is round like a barrel, and in respiration is lifted vertically instead of being expanded laterally. Chestnut. See Castanea. Cheyne-Stokes' Breathing or Respiration. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. C.-S.' Nystagmus, a variety of nystagmus in which the oscillations of the eyeball have a rhythmic variation similar to the rhythm of Cheyne- Stokes' respiration. Chiasm, Chiasma {ki'-azm, ki-az r -viah) [X c ^£iv, to make a cross, as an X]. The optic commissure. Chickahominy Fever {chik-a-hom'-in-e fe'-ver}. See Fever. Chicken {chik'-en) [AS., cicen, a chicken]. A domestic fowl. C. Breast, an abnor- mally prominent condition of the sternum and of the sternal region ; pigeon -breast ; it is seen in rhachitic persons, etc. C. Chol- era. See Cholera. C.-fat Clot, a clot of blood yellowish in color, consisting largely of fibrin, and containing but few red cells. C.-pox. See Varicella. Chicory {chiW -or-e) [nixopa, chicory]. Ci~ chorium intybus, a composite plant of Europe and Asia, naturalized and growing in the United States. Its ground root is used to adulterate coffee. Chilblain (chil'-blan) [AS., cele, cold; blegen, a boil]. Pernio; Erythema pernio. A congestion and swelling of the skin, due to cold, and attended with severe itching or burning ; vesicles and bulla? may form, and these may lead to ulceration. Child-bed. The popular term for the puer- peral state. C.-bed Fever, puerperal fever. C. -birth, parturition. C. -crowing, the crowing sound of the respiration that char- acterizes laryngismus stridulus. Chili Saltpeter. Sodium nitrate. Chill (chil) [AS., cele, chilliness]. A sensa- tion of cold accompanied by shivering, usually appearing shortly after exposure to cold or wet. It is frequently the initial symptom of acute disorders, as pneumonia, etc. It is a prominent symptom of various forms of malarial fever. Chills and Fever. A popular term for inter- mittent fever. Chiloplasty (lei' '- lo-plas-te)\_x £ ^oc , lip ; 7t?iao- CHIMAPHILA CHLORALOSE osiv, to form]. Any plastic operation upon the lip. Chimaphila (ki-maf'-il-ah) [^et^a, winter ; l?ioc, loving]. Pipsissewa, Prince's Pine; the leaves of C. umbellala, an evergreen found in the U. S. , an astringent tonic and excellent diuretic. The bruised leaves are used as a rubefacient. It is valuable in dropsy, in renal disease, and in affections of the urinary passages. C, Decoctum. Dose f^j-iij (32.0-96.0). Unof. C, Ext., Fid. Dose f 3 ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Chimiotaxis \kim-e-o-taks' '-is). See Chemo- tnxis. Chimney-sweep's Cancer. Epithelioma of the scrotum, occurring among chimney- sweepers. Chin [AS., cin, chin~\. The mentum ; the lower part of the face , at or near the symphy- sis of the lower jaw. C.-jerk. See Jaw- jerk, and Reflexes, Table of . C. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. China {kin'-ah, or ke'-nah) [Sp.]. Same as Cinchona. Chinoidin, or Chinoidinum {kin-oi'-din, or kin-oidin f -um) [Sp. , China]. Quinoidin. A mixture of amorphous alkaloids obtained in the manufacture of quinin. It has the therapeutic properties of quinin. Dose gr. j-xx (0.065-I.3). Chinolin (kin' -o-lin). See Chinolina and Quinolin. Chinolina {kin-o-li f -nah) \_china, quinin], C 9 H 7 N. Chinolin, Leukolin. An alka- loidal derivative of quinin and cinchonin, occurring also in coal-tar. It is an antiseptic and antipyretic. It is commonly used in the form of the tartrate because of the deliques- cence of the other salts. Dose IT^iij-x (0.2— 0.65) ; of the tartrate gr. v-xv (0.32-1.0). The tartrate is used as a local application to the throat in strength of I-10. Unof. Chionablepsia [ki-on-ab-lep' -se-ah) [x^v, snow ; apAeipla, without sight] . Loss of sensibility of the retina resulting from the exposure of the eyes to reflection of the sun- light upon snow. Chirata {ke-ra f -tah, or che-ra f -tali) [Hind., ckirdetd, a species of gentian]. Chiretta. The leaves and lighter stems of C. Ophelia. It resembles gentian in its therapeutic proper- ties, and is an excellent tonic. It does not contain any tannin. Dose of the powdered plant gr. xv-xxx (1.0-2.0). C, Ext., Fid., in glycerol and alcohol. Dose rr^xv-xxx (1.0-2.0). C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose, a wineglassful (64.0). C, Tinct., ten per cent, in strength. Dose f^ ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Chiropodist {ki-rop' '-o-dist)[x^p, hand ; Trove, Trodog, foot]. A surgeon or person who pro- fessionally treats diseases of the hands and feet, especially corns, bunions, etc. Chirurgeon {ki-rer f -jon) [xzcpovpyoc , a sur- geon]. A surgeon. Chirurgia [ki-rer' '-je-ah) [x £t P, hand ; epyov, work] . Surgery. Chittim Bark (chit'-im bark). See Cascara sagrada. Chloasma {klo-az'-mah) [x^oa^eiv, to be pale green]. Melanoderma; melasma; dis- colorations. A deposit of pigment in the skin, occurring in patches of various sizes and shapes, and of a yellow, brown, or black color. C. hepaticum, liver-spots ; a form following dyspepsia and popularly associated with hepatic disturbance. C. phthisicorum, the brown patches upon the skin of the fore- head or upper portions of the cheeks in tuber- culous patients. C. uterinum, chiefly located on the forehead, temples, cheeks, nipples, and median line of abdomen. They are marked during pregnancy, and often during menstruation. Chloracetic Acid (klo-ras-e'-tik). See Acid. Chloral (klo f -ral) [chlorin ; aldehyd], C 2 C1 3 - HO. A pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The name is often misapplied to chloral hydrate. C. butylicum, Butyl-chloral Hydrate (B. P.), croton-chloral, C 4 H 5 C1 3 0,- H 2 0, a solid occurring in crystalline scales, resembling chloral hydrate, but made with butyl, C 4 H 9 , as a base, instead of ethyl, C 2 H 5 . Its properties are parallel to those of chloral, but are much feebler. Dose gr. v— xx (0.32-1.3), in syrup. Syrupus Butyl- chloral, strength I-30. Dose f^j-iv (4.0- 16.0). Unof. C. Hydrate, a colorless, crystalline solid having the composition C 2 - HC1 3 (H0) 2 , the hydrate of chloral. It is a powerful hypnotic, antispasmodic, and de- pressant to the cerebral, medullary, and spinal centers, and, to a limited extent, is an anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers ac- companied by cerebral excitement, in chorea, convulsions, and in delirium tremens, but should be used with great caution. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). C, Syrupus (B. P.). Dose f 3 ss-ij (2.0-8). C.-urethane. See Uralium. Chloralamid {klo- ral f -am - id) [chloral; amid~], CC1 3 CH ^atrcHO- Chloral for- mamidate. In doses of 30 to 45 grains (2.0—3.0) it is an hypnotic. Chloralimid {klo-ral' ' -im-id)\chloral ; imid~\, CC1 3 .CH.NH. An hypnotic allied to chloral, soluble in alcohol. The dose is the same as that of chloral hydrate. Unof. Chloralism ( klo '- ral- ism ) [ chloral ] . I . Chloral -poisoning, the morbid state caused by the injudicious use of chloral. 2. The habit of using chloral. Chloralose {klo f -ral-os) [chloral ; glucose - ]. Anhydroglycochloral ; a product of the CHLORANEMIA CHLOROPHYL action of anyhdrous chloral upon glucose. It is used as an hypnotic. Dose gr. iij— xiv (0.2-0.9). Chloranemia [klo-ran-e f me-ali). Synonym of Chlorosis. Chloranodyne (hlor-an'-o-dln) [chlorin; av priv. ; bdvvrj, pain]. A proprietary rem- edy introduced as an improvement on chlor- odyne. It contains morphin hydrochlorate, tinct. cannab. ind., chloroform, dilute hydro- cyanic acid, and aromatics. Dose for an adult TTLxv (1.0). Unof. Chlorate {klo'-raf) \chlorin\ A salt of chloric acid. Chloric {klo'-riti) \_chlorin~\. Pertaining to or containing chlorin. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Ether. I. See Ethyl chlorid. 2. See Spiritus Chloroformi. Chlorid (klo'-rid) \j:hlorin\ A binary com- pound, one of the elements of which is chlorin. C. of Methyl. See Anesthetic. Chlorin (klo f -rhi) [xTiupog, green]. Chlorum CI =r 35.5 ; quantivalence I. A greenish-yel- low gas, prepared by decomposing sodium chlorid, NaCl. It is highly irritative to the skin and mucous membranes, producing spas- modic closure of the glottis. It is a valuable disinfectant. Chlori, Aqua, U. S. P.; C, Liquor, (B. P.), chlorin-water, contains four per cent, of the gas in solution. It is a good antiseptic wash. , Dose, internally, rrLx-xxx (0.65-2.0). Calcis Chlorinatae, Liq., (B. P.), contains I pound of the salt per gallon of water. Calx Chlorata, "chlorid of lime," a hypochlorite of cal- cium containing free chlorin ; a valuable disinfectant. Dose, internally, gr. iij— vj (0.2-0.4). C. -hunger, the condition of the body when chlorin (usually in the form of common salt) is lacking. Among the imme- diate results of this deficiency are indi- gestion and albuminuria. C. -vapor (B. P.), used for inhalation. Sodae Chlo- ratse., Liq., Labarraque's Solution, sodium carbonate 10, calx chlorinata 8, water ad 100. Dose n\x-f gj (0.65-4.0), in 20 parts of water. Chlorobrom (klo> '-ro-broni) \_chlorin ; bro- miii\ . A solution each ounce of which con- tains 30 grains each of chloralamid and potassium bromid. It is hypnotic and useful in seasickness. Chlorodyne (klo f -ro-d'ni) [^wpoc, green ; b(Vvv?], pain]. A proprietary remedy sup- posed to contain chloroform, ether, morphin, cannabis indica, hydrocyanic acid, and cap- sicum. It is anodyne and narcotic. Dose rr^x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Unof. Chloroform \klo' '-ro-form) [chlorofor/mim, chloroform]. Methyl terchlorid, CHCl 3 . A heavy, colorless liquid obtained by the action of chlorinated lime on methyl alcohol. The commercial article, C. venale, contains 2 per cent, of impurities. Administered internally in large doses, chloroform produces narcosis and violent gastroenteritis. In small doses it is antispasmodic and carminative. Chloro- form has an agreeable odor and a sweetish taste. It solidifies in the cold, boils at 6i°, and has a specific gravity of 1.526. Ex- ternally, it is much employed as an ingre- dient of rubefacient and anodyne liniments. Mixed with a large per cent, of air, and in- haled, it is one of the most valuable of general anesthetics, but occasionally (1 : 3000) causes death by cardiac paralysis. See Anesthetic. Deep injections in the vicinity of the sciatic nerve are recommended in sciatica. C, Alcoholized, a mixture of chloroform and alcohol. C, Ammoniated, equal parts of ammonia in alcohol and chloroform ; an- tipyretic and anodyne. Unof. C, Aqua (B. P.). Dose f.^ss-ij (16.0-64.0). C, Emulsum, chloroform 4, expressed oil of almond 6, tragacanth 1.5, water sufficient to make 100 parts. C. -liniment, commercial chloroform 40, soap liniment 60 parts. C, Liniment., Comp., chloroform 4, oil of turpentine 4, tincture of opium 2, tincture of aconite I part. Unof. C, Spt.,pure chloro- form 10, alcohol 90 parts. Dose TTLx-f^j (0.65-4.0). Tinct. Chloroformi et Mor- phinse (B. P.), a substitute for chlorodyne. Each dose of Tu^io contains chloroform T\i%, ether Tr^, alcohol rr^i^ , morphin hydrochlorate gr. ^L, dilute hydrocyanic acid TTb)^, oil of peppermint Tri^, fluid extract of licorice Tr^i*^, treacle and syrup q. s. Tinct. C. Comp. (B. P.), chloroform 2, alcohol 8, comp. tinct. of cardamon 10. Dose n\xx-f3J (1.3-4.0). Chloroformism [klo' ' -ro-form-isni) [chloro- f or mum, chloroform]. I. The use of chloroform to excess for its narcotic effect. 2. The symptoms produced by this use of the drug. Chloroma {klo-ro' '-mail) [x^upoq, yellowish- green ; o/ua, a tumor]. " Green cancer " ; a rare variety of sarcoma, of a greenish tint, usually seated upon the periosteum of the bones of the head. Chlorophane (klo' '-ro-fati) [^/Iwpoc, green ; (jxiiveoOai, to appear]. A yellowish-green chromophane. See Chromofihanes. Chlorophyl (klo' ' -ro-fil) [xXupos, green; 0v A Aov, leaf]. The green coloring-matter of plants. It decomposes carbon dioxid, setting free oxygen, and forming new organic com- pounds. This decomposition takes place only or chiefly in the presence of sun-light. The chlorophyl is contained in certain parts of the protoplasm of the plant. It is the sub- stance by the agency of which carbohydrates are formed in green plants. CHLOROSARCOMA CHOLERA Chlorosarcoma {Jzlo-ro-sar-ko f -mah). See Chloroma. Chlorosis {klo-ro'-sis) [xlupoc, green]. The "green sickness." A form of anemia, most common in young women, and characterized by a marked reduction of hemoglobin in the blood, with but a slight diminution of red corpuscles. In some cases there is a hyper- plasia of the sexual organs and the heart and large blood-vessels. The symptoms are those of anemia, a greenish color of the skin, gas- tric and menstrual disturbances. Chlorotic [klo-rot r -ik) \_xAoporrjg , paleness]. I. Relating to chlorosis. 2.*A person af- fected by chlorosis. Chlorphenol (klor-fe'-nol) \_xAupog, green ; (j)olvt^, purple-red], C 6 H 4 C1.0H. Mono- chlorphenol, a substance possessed of anti- septic properties. It is recommended for in- halation in diseases of the respiratory pas- sages. Chlorum (klo'-rum) [x^apog, green]. The official pharmaceutic name of chlorin. See Chlorin. Choana (ko'-an-ah) [xoavr], a funnel]. I. A funnel-like opening. 2. A name applied to the posterior nasal orifices. Chocolate (chok* '- o - lat) [Mex., chocolatl, chocolate]. A dried paste prepared from the powder of cacao-seeds (see Cacao) with various mucilaginous and amylaceous ingre- dients. It is used to prepare a beverage, and also as a vehicle, especially for quinin. Choked Disc [chokd disk). See Papillitis. Cholagogue (kol'-ag-og) [^cA?/, bile ; ayuyog, leading] . I . Stimulating the flow or the se- cretion of bile. 2. Any agent that promotes the flow of bile. Cholalic Acid {kol-a'-lik) , C 18 H 24 4 . A de- composition product of glycocholic or tauro- cholic acid, obtained when the latter is boiled with caustic potash, baryta water, or dilute mineral acids. It is dextrorotatory, and is colored blue by iodin. Cholangitis (kol-an-ji'-tis) [x°^V> bile; ayyelov, a vessel; trig, inflammation]. In- flammation of a bile-duct. Cholecystectomy (kol-e-sis-tek' '-to-me) \_xohrj, bile ; xvong, bladder; eKTOfirj, a cutting off]. Excision of the gall-bladder. Cholecystenterostomy [kol-e-sis-ten-ter-os' '- to-me) \_xo"^V, bile ; Kvang, a bladder ; evrepov, intestine; ardjia, a mouth]. The artificial establishment of a communication between the gall-bladder and the intestine. Cholecystitis {kol-e-sis-ti'-tis) \_X°"^V, bile ; Kvong, bladder ; trig, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the gall-bladder. Cholecystolithotripsy (kol-e-sis-to-lith-of- rip-se) {_x°^V > bile ; niioTig, a bladder ; Xidog, a stone; rpifteiv, to crush]. The "crushing of gall-stones in the gall-bladder. Cholecystorrhaphy {kol-e-sist-or' '-a-fe) [x°^V, bile ; Kuarig, bladder ; pa(pq, a seam]. Suture of the gall-bladder, especially suture to the abdominal wall. Cholecystostomy {kol-e-sist-os'-to-me) \_x°^V> bile: nvorig, a bladder; ord/za, mouth]. The establishment of an opening into the gall- bladder. Cholecystotomy (kol-e-sist-ot* '-o-me) [x°? l V> bile; nvcrrig, bladder; rejivuv, to cut]. In- cision of the gall-bladder to remove gall- stones, etc. Choledochus {kol-ed' ' -o-kus) \_xo~hrj, bile ; Ssxs^Oai, to receive]. Receiving or holding bile. C, Ductus Communis, the com- mon excretory duct of the liver and gall- bladder. Choleic [kol-e / -ik) [joA?/, bile]. Pertaining to the bile. Cholelithiasis {kol-e-lith-i' '-as-is) \_x oA ^ bile ; Aidog, a stone]. The presence of, or a con- dition associated with, calculi in the gall- bladder or in a gall-duct. Cholemia (kol-e'-me-ak) {_x° A V> bile ; aljua, blood]. The presence of bile in the blood. Cholera {koU -er-ah) [xo^kpa ; from X ^-, bile]. I. A name given to a number of acute diseases characterized mainly by large dis- charges of fluid material from the bowels, vomiting, and collapse. 2. A synonym of C. asiatica. C. asiatica, an acute, specific, highly malignant disease, existing in India and the tropics of Asia during the entire year, and occasionally spreading as an epi- demic over large areas. It is characterized by vomiting, alvine discharges resembling flocculent rice-water, severe cramps, and col- lapse. The rate of mortality varies from io to 66 per cent. , the average being over 50 per cent. The cause is the comma bacillus of Koch, which is always found in the rice- water discharges. The germs commonly gain entrance into the system by means of the drink- ing-water. C, Bilious, a form of the disease attended with excessive discharge of bile. C, Chicken, a very fatal epidemic disease of fowls, marked by tumefaction of the lym- phatic glands, with inflammation and ulcera- tion of the digestive organs. C, English. See C. nostras. C, Epidemic. Synonym of C. asiatica. C, Hog, an infectious dis- ease attacking swine and characterized by a patchy redness of the skin, with inflamma- tion and ulceration of the bowels, enlarge- ment of the abdominal glands, and conges- tion of the lungs. C. infantum, the " sum- mer complaint" of infants and young chil- dren ; an acute disease occurring in warm Weather, and characterized by pain, vomiting, purgation, fever, and prostration. The cause of the disease is probably microorganismal, and is favored by the prolonged action of heat, to- CHOLERAIC CHOPART'S AMPUTATION gether with errors in diet and hygiene. It is most common among the poor and in hand- fed babes. The disease is of short duration, death frequently ensuing in from three to five days. C. morbus, an acute catarrhal inflam- mation of the mucous membrane of the stom- ach and intestines, with pain, purging, vomit- ing, spasmodic contractions of the muscles, etc. It is a disease of the heated term and is very similar to Asiatic cholera in its symp- tomatology. C. nostras, same as C. morbus. C. sicca, a term applied to those cases of Asiatic cholera in which rice-water liquid is found in the intestines after death, though none had been voided during life. Choleraic (ko/-er-a / ik) \_x°^P a i cholera]. Pertaining to or resembling cholera. C. Diarrhea, diarrhea characterized by a pro- fuse, exhausting discharge of watery material. Cholerine (kol'-er-en) [dim. of cholera], A mild form of Asiatic cholera, or the initial stage of a more severe form. Cholesteatoma (kol-es-te-at-o' '-mah) \_x°^V f bile (cholesterin) ; areap, fat ; bpia, tumor]. A teratoid tumor containing plates of choles- terin, epithelial cells, hair, and other dermal structures, and occurring most frequently in the brain. Cholesteremia, Cholesterinemia (kol-es- ter-e / -me-ah, kol-es-ter-in-e' '-me-ah) \_x°"^Vy bile; oreap, fat; al/za, blood]. The mor- bid state resulting from the retention of cholesterin in the blood. The condition is probably due to the retention of the bile- acids. Cholesterin (hoi '- es / - ter - in) \_xokr], bile; oreap, fat], C 26 H 44 0, or C 25 H 42 0. A monat- omic alcohol, a constituent of bile, gall- stones, nervous tissue, yelk, and blood, and sometimes found in foci of fatty degeneration. It is a glistening, white, crystalline substance, soapy to the touch, crystallizing in fine nee- dles and rhombic plates. It is insoluble in water, soluble in hot alcohol, ether, or chloroform. It is held in solution in the bile by the bile-salts ; it is levorotatory. Choletelin (kol-ef '-el-in) [x°^V> bile ; rehig, completion], C 16 H 18 N 2 6 . An amorphous, soluble, yellow pigment derived from biliru- bin. It is the final product of the oxidation of bile-pigments. It is readily soluble in alkalies, alcohol, and chloroform. Choleuria (kol-e-u f -re-ah) [x°^V> D ^ e 5 ovpov, urine]. The presence of bile in the urine. Cholic (hol'-ih) [x°^V, bile]. Pertaining to the bile. C. Acid. See Acid. Cholin (kol'-in) [xo*V, bile], C 5 H 15 N0 2 . A substance found among the products of the decomposition of hog's bile and ox-bile. It is also found in the extracts of the supra - renals, and is a product of the decomposition of lecithin. Choloidinic Acid (kol-oi-din f -ik), C 24 H 38 4 . A decomposition product of cholalic acid. Chololith (koF-o-lith) \_x°'M> bile ; Xidoc, stone]. A gall-stone. Chondral (kon'-dral) [jwrfpoc, cartilage]. Cartilaginous ; relating to or composed of cartilage. Chondrification (kon-drif-ik-a f -shun) \_xov- opoc, cartilage; facere, to make]. The process of being converted into cartilage. Chondrin (kon f -drin) [xovdpog, cartilage]. A substance obtained from the matrix of hyaline cartilage by boiling. It resembles gelatin in general properties, but differs from it in not being precipitated by tannic acid. Chondritis (kon-dri' '-(is) [xbvdpoc, cartilage ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a cartilage. Chondroblast (kon' '-dro-blast) [xovdpoc, car- tilage ; flAaorog, germ]. A cell of develop- ing cartilage. Chondrocostal (kon-dro-kos' '-tal) \_xov6pog, cartilage ; costa, a rib]. Relating to the ribs and their cartilages. Chondrodendron (kon-dro-den* '-droit) \_x^v- dpog, cartilage ; divfipov, a tree]. A genus of S. American menispermaceous climbing- plants. C. glaberrimum and C. tomen- tosum are among the plants that furnish Pareira brava. Chondrogen (kon f -dro-jeii) [xbvdpog, carti- lage ; yevvelv, to produce]. A substance forming a part of the tissue of imperfectly developed cartilage. Chondroma (koti-dro f -mah) [jd?Jpoc, -cartil- age ; bfia, tumor]. A cartilaginous tumor. Chondromalacia (kon - dro - mal - a f -se-ah) \_Xov6pog, cartilage; juaTiania, softening]. Softening of a cartilage. C. auris. Same as Hematoma auris. Chondrosarcoma (kon - dro - sar - ko r - mah) \_Xov6pog, cartilage ; oap^, flesh ; bjia, tumor]. A tumor composed of cartilaginous and sar- comatous tissue. Chondrotome (kon f -dro-tdni) [xbvdpog, cartil- age ; Top.6g, cutting]. An instrument for cutting cartilage. Chondrotomy (kon - drot'- - me) \_xbvdpog, cartilage; te/uveiv, to cut]. The division of a cartilage. Chondrus (kon' ' -dries) [xovdpog, a grain ; car- tilage]. I. Irish Moss. The substance of the alg?e C. crispus and C. mammillosus. These yield, on boiling with water, a soluble colloid consisting mainly of mucilage. This is demulcent and somewhat nutrient. Dose indefinite. Unof. 2. A cartilage ; the ensi- form cartilage. Chopart's Amputation. An amputation of the foot consisting of a disarticulation through the tarsal bones, leaving only the os calcis and the astragalus, CHORDA CHOROIDOIRITIS Chorda {kor'-dali) [L.]. A cord, tendon, or a nerve -filament. C. dorsalis. See Noto- chord. C. tendinea, any one of the tendi- nous strings connecting the papillary muscles of the heart with the auriculoventricular valves. C. tympani. See Nerves, Table of. Chordee {kor-de f ) \_xop8rj, a cord]. A pain- ful curved erection of the penis with concav- ity downward. The corpus spongiosum being infiltrated from urethral inflammation, does not fill with blood during erection, and so acts like a bow-string. Chorea (ko-re r -ah) \xopda, dancing]. St. Vitus's dance. A functional nervous disorder, usually occurring in youth, characterized by irregular and involuntary action of the mus- cles of the extremities, face, etc., with gen- eral muscular weakness. Frequently a mi- tral systolic murmur is heard, often hemic, but in a large proportion of cases due to en- docarditis, and there seems to be a close re- lation between the two diseases. Rheumatism often coexists. Chorea may be caused by a number of conditions, among which are fright and reflex irritation. It affects girls about three times as frequently as boys. Occasion- ally a form of chorea is seen in the adult, and may become a serious complication of pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus and mother. When it occurs late in life it generally resists treatment. C, Button- maker's, a form of chorea occurring in per- sons employed in making buttons. C, Chronic. See C, Huntingdon's. C, Elec- tric. See Dubinins Disease. C, Epidemic, dancing mania. C, Habit. See Spasm. C, Hereditary. See C, Huntingdon's. C, Hysteric. See C, Major. C, Hunting- don's, an hereditary affection of adult or middle life, characterized by irregular move- ments, disturbance of speech, and gradual dementia. C. insaniens, maniacal chorea ; a grave form of chorea usually seen in women, and associated with mania, and usually ending fatally. It may develop dur- ing pregnancy. C, Maniacal. See C. insaniens. C. major, a form of hysteria in which there are continual regular os- cillatory movements. C, Mimetic, that which is caused by imitation. C. minor, simple chorea. C, Posthemiplegic, C, Postparalytic, a form of involuntary move- ment seen in patients after an attack of hemi- plegia. C, School-made, chorea resulting from overstimulation of children at school. C, Senile, a choreiform affection coming on in old age. C, Sydenham's, ordinary chorea. Choreic (ko-re'-ik) [^ope/a, dancing]. Rela- ting to, of the nature of, or affected with, chorea. Choreiform {ko-re' -if-orni) \_xopzia, dancing ; forma, form]. Resembling chorea. 14 Choremania {ko - re - ma / ■ ne - ah) [x°P £ <-a, dancing; iiavia, madness]. Synonym of Choromania. Choriocapillaris (ko-re-o-kap-il-a'-ris) [xo- piov, skin ; capillus, a hair]. The network of capillaries over the inner portion of the choroid coat of the eye. Chorioid {ko' '-re-oid). See Choroid. Chorioidal {ko-re-oid'-al). See Choroid. Chorioideremia [ko-re-oid-er-e' '-me-ah). See Choroideremia. Chorioiditis {ko' -re-oid-i' -tis). See Choroid- itis. Chorion {ko'-re-on) \_xopiov, fetal membrane]. The outermost of the fetal membranes, formed from the vitelline membrane, the false amnion, and the allantois. The cho- rion lies between the amnion and thedeciduae (reflexa and vera). C, Cystic Degenera- tion of, a myxoma of the chorion, producing the so-called "hydatid mole." It is character- ized by rapid increase in the size of the uterus, hemorrhage, often profuse, beginning during the second month of pregnancy, and the discharge of small cysts, whitish in ap- pearance, surrounded by bloody clots. These cysts vary in size from a pin's-head to a filbert. C. leve, the membranous portion of the chorion. C, Shaggy, or C. frondosum, the part covered by villi. It helps to form the placenta. Chorionic {ko-re-on' '-ik) \_xoptov, the cho- rion]. Relating to the chorion. Chorionitis (ko-re-on-i'-tis). See Sclero- derma. Choroid {ko'-roid) \_xoptov, the chorion; ehhr, likeness]. The vascular tunic of the eye, continuous with the iris in front and lying between the sclerotic and the retina. C. Plexus, avascular plexus in the ventricles of the brain. Choroideremia [ko-roid-er-e f -me-ali) [^d- ptov, the chorion ; eldog, like ; epr/fila, deso- lation]. Absence of the choroid. Choroiditis {ko-roid-V '-tis) \_xopiov, the cho- rion ; /.rig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye. It may be anterior, the foci of exudation being at the periphery of the choroid ; or central, the exudate being in the region of the macula lutea ; diffuse or disseminated, characterized by numerous round or irregular spots scat- tered over the fundus ; exudative or nonsup- purative, when there are isolated foci of in- flammation scattered over the choroid ; metastatic, when due to embolism ; and suppurative, when proceeding to suppuration. C. serosa. Synonym of Glaucoma. Choroidoiritis {ko-roid-o-i-ri'-tis) [xopiov, the chorion ; e}fiog, like ; Ipic, the rainbow ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the choroid and the iris. CHOROIDORETINITIS CHVOSTEK'S SIGN Choroidoretinitis {ko-roid- o- ret- in - i'- tis) \ji6pLov, the chorion ; eldog, like; retina, the retina; trig, inflammation]. Choroiditis associated with retinitis. C., Ametropic, that caused by ametropia. . Choromania {ko-ro-ma' '-ne-a/i) \_X°P°Q> a dance ; piavia, madness]. A nervous dis- order characterized by dancing or other rhythmic movements ; epidemic chorea ; dancing mania. Christian Science (kris'-te-an si' -ens). An alleged system of therapy ; a form of faith- cure. Christison's Formula. A formula for esti- mating the amount of solids in the urine : Multiply the last two figures of the specific gravity expressed in four figures by 2.33 (or by 2, Trapp ; or by 2.2, Lcebisch). This gives the amount of solids in every 1000 parts. Chromate {kro' '-mat) [;^pay/a, color]. Any salt of chromic acid. Chromatic {kro-maf '-ik) \_xpup-a, color]. Relating to or possessing color. C. Aber- ration, a failure of a lens to bring to the focus some of the color-rays into which white light has been divided, due to the difference in re- frangibility of rays of different color. C. Audition, luminous sensations aroused by sound. Chromatin {kro* '-mat-in) [jptyza, color]. The portion of the protoplasm of a cell that takes the stain, forming a delicate reticular network or plexus of fibrils permeating the achromatin of a cell. It is also called karyomitome. Chromatogenous (kro-mat- oj' -en-zts) [ jpw//a, color; yevvav, to beget]. Producing color. Chromatopsia {kro-mat-op' ' -se-ah ) \_xpup:a, color ; dipig, vision]. A disorder of vision in which color-impressions arise subjectively. It may be due to disturbance of the optic cen- ters, or to drugs, especially santonin. Chromic {kro' -mik) \xpuiia, color]. Per- taining to or made from chromium. C. Acid. See Acid. Chromidrosis {kro - mid- ro'- sis) [;^o«//a, color; I6p6g, sweat]. A rare condition of the sweat in which it is variously colored, be- ing bluish, blackish, reddish, greenish, or yellowish. Black szveat {Seborrhcea nigri- cans) occurs usually in hysteric women, the face being most often affected. It is associated with chronic constipation and is due to the presence of indican in the sweat. Red sweat, kematidrosis, may be due to an exudation of blood into the sweat-glands, or to the pres- ence of a microorganism in the sweat. Chromium {kro'-me-tcm) \_xpo)ua, color]. Cr= 52.2 ; qua-ntivalence II and I v. One of the elements of the iron-group. The various salts of chromium, especially the derivatives of C. trioxid or chromic acid, Cr 2 3 , are much used in the manufacture of pigments and as a caustic. All are poisonous. Potassium dichromate (bichromate of potash), K 2 Cr 2 7 , is used as a caustic, antemetic, and alterative ; as a preserving agent for animal tissues, as a reagent, and in battery-fluids. Chromocytometer {kro - mo -si- torn' -et-er) [xpu[ia, color ; k'vtoq, cell ; juirpov, a meas- ure]. An instrument for estimating the proportion of hemoglobin present in the blood. Chromogen {kro' '-mo-jen) [xP&, ua , color ; yheaiQ, production]. Any principle of the animal or vegetable economy which is sus- ceptible, under suitable circumstances, of be- ing changed into a coloring matter. Chromophane {kro' '-mo-fan) \_xpidp:a, color ; (palvetv, to appear]. The pigment of the in- ner segments of the retinal cones of certain animals. There are at least three varieties, chlorophane, rhodophane, xanthophane. Chromophile {kro'-mo-fil). Same as Chro- mophilons. Chromophilous {kro-moff' '-il-us) [xp&ua, color; (piAoc-, loving]. Readily stained; easily absorbing color. Chromophose {kro'-mo-fos). See Phose. Chromophytosis {kro-mo-fi-to' '-sis) [xpuiia, color; (pvrov, a plant]. I. Any microscopic plant-growth that produces a discoloration of the skin in which it grows ; any pigmentary skin-disease caused by a vegetable parasite. 2. A synonym of Tinea versicolor, or Eich- stedt 's Disease. Chronic {kron'-ik) \_xpovog, time]. Long- continued ; of long duration ; opposed to acute. Chronicity {kro - nis' '- it - e) \_xpovog, time]. The state of being chronic or long-continued. Chronograph {kro' -no-graf) \_xpovog, time ; ypacpeiv, to write]. An instrument for graph- ically recording intervals of time, in physio- logic and psychophysic experiments. Chrysarobin, or Chrysarobinum {kris-ar- o'-bin, or kris-ar-o-bi' -nnm) \_xpvoeog, golden; araroba (nat. East Ind), bark of a leguminous tree], C 30 H 26 O 7 . A reduction-product of chrysophanic acid ; it occurs in goa-powder and araroba-powder. It is a yellow-colored powder, the product of the decay of Andira araroba, a Brazilian tree. It is a gastro- intestinal irritant; locally and internally it is useful in psoriasis, but stains the skin a dark yellowish-brown color. Dose, internally, gr. \- \ (0.008-0.032). C, Ung., contains 10 per cent, of the drug with 90 per cent, ben- zoated lard. Chrysophanic Acid {Jcris-o-fan'-ik). See Acid. Chvostek's Sign. See Tetany ; also Signs and Symptoms, Table of. CHYLE CINCHONA Chyle (i:/) [x v ^g, juice]. The milk-white fluid absorbed by the lacteals during diges- tion. On standing, it separates into a thin, jelly-like clot and a substance identical with serum. C. -corpuscle, any floating cell of the chyle. These cells resemble, and are probably identical with, the colorless blood- corpuscles. Chylifaction {ki - le - faW - shun) \_chylus, chyle ; facere, to make]. The forming of chyle from food. Chyliferous (ki-lif'-er-us) [chylus, chyle ; ferre, to carry]. Containing or carrying chyle. Chylification (ki-le-fik-a'-shwi) [xvTiog, chyle ; facere, to make] . The process by which chyle is formed, separated and ab- sorbed by the villi of the small intestine. Chylodochium {kil-o-do ; -ke-u?n) [x v ^-or, chyle; doxelov, receptacle]. The receptacu- lum chyli. Chylopoiesis (hi-lo-poi-e'-sis) \xvkoq, chyle ; irotelv, to make]. Chylification. Chylopoietic {ki-lo-poi-et* '-ik) \_xy\6q, chyle ; Troielv, to make]. Making or forming chyle. Chylous [ki-lus) [^vAdc, chyle]. Relating to or resembling chyle. Chyluria {ki-lu'-re-ah) [xvkoq, juice; ovpov, urine]. The passage of chyle in the urine. It is thought to be caused by a disordered condition of the lacteals, and is also connected with the presence in the blood of Filaria sanguinis hominis, which blocks up the lymph-channels. Chyme [klm) [xvjuog, juice]. Food that has undergone gastric digestion and has not yet been acted upon by the biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal secretions. Chymification {ki-me-fik-a f -shun) [xv/udg, chyme; facere, to make]. The change of food into chyme by the digestive process. Cicatricial {sik-at-rish' '-al ') [cicatrix, a scar]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a cica- trix. C. Deformities, abnormal contractions caused by cicatrices. C. Tissue, a form of dense connective tissue, seen in cicatrices. Cicatrix [sik-a / -triks) [L.]. A scar. The connective-tissue which replaces a localized loss of substance. Its color is usually whitish and glistening when old, red or purple when newly-developed. Cicatrization {sik-at-riz-a f -shun) [cicatrix, a scar]. The process of healing. Cilia [siV-e-ah) [PI. of ciliian, the eyelid or lash], i. The eyelashes. 2. The locomotor and prehensile organs of certain microorgan- isms. 3. The hair-like appendages of cer- tain epithelial cells, the function of which is to propel fluid or particles. Ciliary {sil> '-e-a-re) [cithern, an eyelash]. I. Pertaining to the eyelid or eyelash. 2. Re- lating to ciliary movement. 3. Pertaining to the C. Apparatus, or the structure related to the mechanism of accommodation. C. Arter- ies, anterior, posterior long, and posterior short, branches of the ophthalmic artery, sup- plying the recti muscles, the ciliary appa- ratus, and the posterior structures of the eye, with the exception of the retina. See Arte- ries, Table of. C. Body, the ciliary muscle and processes. C. Canal, the canal of Fon- tana. C. Ganglion, the ganglion at the apex of the orbit, supplying the ciliary muscle and iris. C. Movement, movement by means of vibratory cilia. C. Muscle, the muscle of accommodation, the contraction of which lessens the tension upon the sus- pensory ligament of the lens. C. Nerves, branches of the ophthalmic ganglion sup- plying the anterior structures of the eyeball and the accommodative apparatus. C. Neuralgia, neuralgic pain of the eye, brow, temple, etc. C. Processes, circularly ar- ranged choroidal foldings continuous with the iris in front. C. Region, the pericorneal or "danger-zone," corresponding to the position of the ciliary body. C. Zone, the ciliary processes collectively. Ciliated {siV-e-a-ted) [cilium, an eyelash]. Having cilia. Ciliospinal {sil-e-o-spi' '-nal) [cilium, an eye- lash ; spina, the spine]. Relating to the ciliary zone and the spine. C. Center. See Center. Cilium {siV-e-uni). [L.]. See Cilia. Cimex {si'-meks) [L. , a bug]. A genus of hemipterous insects. C. lectularius, the common bed-bug. Cimicifuga {sim-is-e-fu f -gah) [cimex, a bug ; fugare, to drive away]. Black snake-root, Black cohosh. The root of C racetnosa, ord. Ranunculaceae. A stomachic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, and diuretic. Its action on the heart is similar to that of digi- talis. It has been used in cardiac diseases, functional impotence, chorea, and ovarian neuralgia. C., Ext., Fid. (alcoholic). Dose n\v-xxx (0.32-2.0). C. Ext., Liquid., (B.P.). Dose TT\nj-xxx (0.2-2.0). C, Tinct., 20 per cent, in strength. Dose tt\,xv- f 3 j (1.0-4.0). Macrotin. (unof.), a resinous extract. Dose gr %-\] (0.032-0. 1 3). Cina [si'-nah) [L.]. The plant Artemisia santonica. See Santonica. Cinchamidin {sin-kam' '-id-in) [cinchona ; amidin], C 20 H 26 N 2 O. An alkaloid frequently present in commercial cinchonidin. Cinchona (sin-ko'-nah) [from the Coun- tess Cinchon~\. Peruvian bark. The bark of several varieties of cinchona, a tree native to the eastern slopes of the Andes, the most valu- able being C. calisaya. Other varieties are C. succirubra, red bark, C. condaminea, pale bark, C.pitayenis, pitaya. bark, and C. micran- CINCIIONAMIN CIRCULATION i.ha. Cinchona bark contains 21 alkaloids, of which 4, quinin, cinchonin, quinidin, and cin- chonidin, are the most important. Cinchona has the same physiologic action and therapeu- tic uses as its chief alkaloid, quinin. See Quinin. It is also an astringent, bitter and stomachic tonic, stimulating appetite and pro- moting digestion, beneficial in atonicdyspepsia and adynamia, but especially useful in malarial affections. C, Decoctum (B. P.). Dose f^j-ij (32.0-64.0). C, Ext. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). C, Ext., Fid. Dosen\,x-f3j (0.65-4.0 ). C, Ext., Liquidum (B. P.). Dose rr\, v-x (0.32-0.65). C, Infusum, bark 6, arom. sulph. acid I, water, 93 parts. Dose f 3 j-f ^ j (4.0-32.0) . C. , Infus. acidum (B.P.). Dose fjj-ij (32.0-64.0). C, Tinct., 20 per cent, of the bark. Dose f g ss- ij (2.0-8.0). C, Tinct., Comp., Huxham's Tincture, bark 10, bitter-orange peel 8, serpentaria I , alcohol 80 parts. Dose f 3 j- f^ss (4.0-16.0). Cinchonamin {siu-hon' '-am-in) [cinchona ; a>nin~\, C 19 H 24 N 2 0. An alkaloid of cuprea bark. It occurs in glistening, colorless crys- tals that are nearly insoluble in water, and but slightly soluble in ether. Cinchonicin {sin-kon f -is-in) [cinchona], C 20 - H 24 N 2 0. An artificial alkaloid derived from cinchonin. Cinchonidin ,{sin-kon f -id-in), C 20 H 24 N 2 O. An alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a crystalline substance resembling quinin in general properties. C. Salicylate (unof.) has decided antiperiodic properties. C. Sul- phate, (C 20 H 2( N 2 O) 2 H 2 SO 4 .3H 2 O, less bitter than quinin and valuable as an antipyretic. Dose gr. j-xx (0.065-I.3) or more. Cinchonin {sin' '-ko-nin) [cinchona], C ]0 H 22 - N 2 0. An official alkaloid derived from cin- chona. It is a colorless, crystalline body, simi- lar to quinin in therapeutic effects, but less active. C. Sulph., (C 19 H 22 N 2 0) 2 H 2 S0 4 .- 2H 2 0. It is soluble with difficulty in water, but soluble in acidulated water. Dose gr. v-xxx (0.32-2.0). Cinchonism [sin' -ko-nizm) [cinchona]. The systemic effect of cinchona or its alkaloids when given in full doses. The symptoms produced are a ringing in the ears with deaf- ness, headache, giddiness, dimness of sight, and a weakening of the heart's action. Cinchonize {sin f -ko-riiz) \ cinchona]. To bring under the influence of cinchona or its alkaloids. Cincture {singk'-tur) [cinctura, a. girdle]. A belt or girdle. C. -feeling, a sensation as if the waist were encircled by a tight girdle. Cinerea {sin-e'-re-ah) [cinereus, ashen]. The gray substance of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia. C, Lamina, a thin layer of gray substance extending backward above the optic commissure from the termination of tne corpus callosum to the tuber cinereum. Cinesia {sin-e'-se-ah). See Kinesis. Cingulum {sing'-gu-lum) [cingere, to gird]. I . A girdle or zone ; the waist. 2. Herpes zoster, or shingles. Cinnabar {sin' '-ab-ar) [tavvafiapt, a pigment] . Mercuric sulphid, HgS. Cinnamene [sin-am' -en). See Sty vol. Cinnamic {sin-am' '-ik) [luvvapu/uov , cinna- mon]. Pertaining to or derived from cinna- mon. C. Acid. See Acid. Cinnamomum, or Cinnamon {sin-am-o f - mitm, or sin'-am-onj^KivvdpKOjuov, cinnamon]. The inner bark of the shoots of several species of Cinnamomum, native to Ceylon and China, the latter being known in commerce under the name of cassia. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is an agreeable carminative and aromatic stimulant, used for flatulence, colic, enteralgia, etc. C, Aqua, 2 parts of oil in 1000 of water. Dose f.^j-ij (32.0-64.0). C, Ext. Aromat., Fid., contains aromatic powder 10, alcohol 8 parts. Dose TT^x-xxx (0.65-2.0). C, Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose gtt. j-v (0.065-0.32). C, Pulv., Comp. (B. P.), cinnamon bark, cardamom seeds, and ginger. Dose gr. iij-x (0.2-0.65). C-> Spt., 10 per cent, of the oil in spirit. Dose n\v-xxx (0.32-2.0). C, Tinct., 10 per cent, of the powdered bark in alcohol. Dose f^ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Pulvis aromaticus, aromatic powder, cinnamon, aa 35, cardamom, nut- meg, aa 15. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Circle {sir'-kl) [idpnog, a circle]. A ring ; a line, every point of which is equidistant from a point called the center. C. of Diffu- sion. See Diffusion. C. of Haller. I. The plexus of vessels formed by the short ciliary arteries upon the sclerotic, at the en- trance of the optic nerve. 2. The circulus venosus mammae situated beneath the areola of the nipple. C. of Willis, the arterial anastomosis at the base of the brain, formed by the anterior communicating artery between the anterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotids and middle and posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior communicating arteries. Circular Insanity. See Insanity. Circuit {sir' -kit) [circuities, a going round]. The course of an electric current. Circulation {sir-ku-la f -shun) [circtdatio, a circular course]. Passage in a circle, as the C. of the blood. C, Collateral, that taking place through branches and second- ary channels after stoppage of the principal route. C, Fetal, that of the fetus, includ- ing the circulation through the placenta and umbilical cord. C, First, or Primi- tive, that of the embryo, a closed svstem, CIRCUM- CLAUSTRUM carrying nutriment and oxygen to the em- bryo. C, Placental, the fetal circulation. C, Portal, the passage of the blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the liver, and its exit by the hepatic vein. C, Pulmonary, the circulation of blood through the lungs by means of the pulmonary artery and veins, for the purpose of oxygenation and purification. C, Second, the fetal circula- tion, replacing the omphalomesenteric system. C, Systemic, the general circulation, as distinct from the pulmonary circulation. C, Third, that of the adult. C, Vitelline, first, or primitive circulation. Circum- {sir'-kum-) [L.]. A prefix mean- ing around, about. Circumcision (sir-kum-sizk'-un) [circum, around ; cczdere, to cut J. The removal of the foreskin. Circumduction [sir-kum duk' ' -shun) [circum, around; ducere, to lead]. The movement of a limb in such a manner that its distal part describes a circle, the proximal end being fixed. Circumflex {sir' ' -kum-fleks) [circum, around ; Jlectere, to bend]. Winding around. The name given to a number of arteries, veins, and nerves, on account of their course. Circumscribed [sir' ' -kum-skribd) [circum, around; scribere, to write]. Strictly limited or marked off ; well defined ; distinct from surrounding parts, as a circumscribed inflam- mation or tumor. Circumvallate (sir-kum-val' '-at) [circum, around; vallum, wall]. Surrounded by a wall or prominence. C. Papillae, certain papillae at the base of the tongue. Cirrhosis (slr-o'-sis) [lappog, reddish-yellow ; from the color of the cirrhotic liver]. Chronic inflammation of an organ character- ized by an overgrowth of the connective tis- sue. C, Atrophic, a form of cirrhosis of the liver occurring in hard drinkers, charac- terized by great overgrowth of the intersti- tial substance with atrophy of the paren- chyma. C, Biliary, a form of cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic retention of bile from long-continued obstruction in the bile-ducts. C, Hypertrophic, a form of cirrhosis in which the liver is permanently enlarged. The disease is probably infectious and is character- ized by an overgrowth of the connective tis- sue which has no tendency to contract. C, Periportal, atrophic cirrhosis, so-called be- cause the hyperplasia of the connective tis- sue follows the portal vessels. Cirrhotic {sir-ot'-ik) [lup'poc, yellow]. Af- fected with, or relating to, cirrhosis. C. Kidney, chronic interstitial nephritis. Cirsocele {sir' -so-sel) [liipcog, a varix ; nij'Xr), tumor]. A varicose tumor, especially of the spermatic cord. Cirsoid (sir' -sold) [nipobg, a varix ; sldog, form]. Resembling a varix, or dilated vein. Cirsomphalos (sir-som' '-fal-os) [x/poog, varix ; bjx^aMc, navel]. A varicose condition of the navel. Cistern [sis' -tern) [cistema, a vessel ; recep- tacle]. I. A reservoir. 2. Any dilatation of the space between the pia and arachnoid. C. of Pequet, the receptaculum chyli. Citrate (sit' -rat) [citrus, citron-tree]. Any salt of citric acid. Citric (sit'-rik) [citrus, citron-tree]. Per- taining to or derived from lemons or citrons. C. Acid. See Acid. Citrine (slt'-rin) [citrus, a lemon]. Yellow; of a lemon-color. C. Ointment. See Hy- drargyrum. Citrus [sit f -rus] [L.]. A genus of auranti- aceous trees. See Aurantium, Bergamot, Lime, Lemon. Cladosporium cancerogenes^lad-o-spo' -7-e- um kan-ser-of -en-ez). A fungus said to be the cause of carcinoma; also termed canceromyces. Cladothrix [klad' '-o-thriks) [/cAdJoc, branch ; dpi!-, a hair]. A genus of bacteria having long, apparently branching filaments. Clamp (klamp) [Ger., LClampe~\. An instru- ment for compressing the parts in surgical operations to prevent hemorrhage, etc. Clap (klap) [OF., clapoir, a venereal sore]. Gonorrhea. C.-threads, slimy threads con- sisting of mucus and pus-cells in the urine of gonorrheal patients. Claret [klar'-et) [clartis, clear]. A light wine of a red color. Clarify klar f -if-i) [clarus, clear; facere, to make]. To free a liquid or solution from insoluble substances; to make clear. Clasmatocyte (klas - mat' - o-sit) [nldaua, fragment; kvtoc, cell]. A form of very large connective-tissue corpuscles that tend to break up into granules or pieces. Clasp (klasp) [ME., claspen, to grasp firmly]. C. -knife Rigidity, a spastic condition of a limb, as a result of which extension is com- pleted with a "spring," as in a knife-blade. It is met with in the cerebral palsies of children. Clathrocystis (klath-ro-sis'-tis [ich'/dpa, a trellis; kvgtiq, pouch]. A genus of microor- ganisms with round or oval cells, forming zoogleae in the form of circular layers. Claudication (claw-dic-a' '-shun) [claudicart, to limp]. Lameness. C, Intermittent, a spasmodic lameness due to imperfect circula- tion in the muscles of the lower limbs. Claustrophilia (klaivs-tro-fil'-e-a/i) [claustra, a bolt; 6{3oc, fear]. Morbid distress at being in a room or confined space. Claustrum (k/aws'-trum) [daudere, to shut]. CLAVICEPS CLONUS A layer of gray matter in the cerebrum to the outer side of the lenticular nucleus. Claviceps (klav' -is-eps) [clava, club ; caput, head]. A genus of fungi. C. purpurea, the fungus producing the ergot of rye. Clavicle {klav' '-ik-l) \clavicula ; clavus, a key]. The collar-bone. Clavicular {kla-vik* '-u-lar) [clavus, a key]. Relating to the clavicle. Clavus (kla'-vus) [clavus, a nail, a wart, a corn]. Corn; a hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis, in which there is an ingrowth as well as an outgrowth of horny substance, forming circumscribed epidermal thickenings, chiefly about the toes. Corns may be hard or soft, the latter being situated between the toes, where they are softened by maceration. Both forms are due to pressure and friction. C. hystericus, a local pain in the head, as if a nail were being driven in. Claw (klaw) [AS., dawn, a claw]. C. -hand, a condition of the hand characterized by over- extension of the first phalanges and extreme flexion of the others. The condition is a re- sult of atrophy of the interosseous muscles, with contraction of the tendons of the com- mon extensor and long flexor. (French, main-en-griffe. ) Clearing (kler'-ing) \_clarus, clear]. C. Agent, a substance used in microscopy to render tissues transparent and suitable for mounting. Cleavage {kle f -vaj') [AS., cleofan, to split asunder]. I. The linear clefts in the skin indicating the general direction of the fibers. They govern to a certain extent the arrange- ment of the lesions in skin-diseases. The lines of cleavage run, for the most part, obliquely to the axis of the trunk, sloping from the spine downward and forward ; in the limbs they are mostly transverse to their longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of cell-division. Cleft (kleft) [Icel. , kluft, a cleft] . Divided. A fissure. C. Palate, a congenital fissure of the palate. C. Sternum, congenital fissure of the sternum. Cleft, Visceral, or Branchial. The four slit- like openings on each side in the cervical re- gion in the fetus, sometimes called the Branchial openings. The slits close (in the human fetus), except the upper, from which are developed the auditory meatus, tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube. Cleido- {kli'-do-*) [kaelq the clavicle]. A prefix, meaning pertaining to the clavicle. Cleptomania {klep-to : ?jia / -ne-ali). . See Klep- tomania. Clergyman's Sore-Throat. A chronic hy- pertrophic form of pharyngitis, with more or less enlargement of the tonsils and lymph- follicles of the posterior wall, due to exces- sive or improper use of the voice. Climacteric {kli-mak-ter'-ik, or kli-mah'- ter-ik) \_KAijxaKTrjp, the round of a ladder]. A period of the lifetime at which the system was believed to undergo marked changes. These periods were thought to occur every seven years. The word is now generally ap- plied to the menopause. C. Age, puberty ; also in women the time of cessation of the catamenia. C. Epoch. Same as C. Age. C, Grand, the 63d year. Climatology (kli-mat-ol' '-o-je) [nAt/ia, climate, a clime ; AoyoQ, science]. The science of climate. Clinic {klin f -ik) [kalvlkoq, pertaining to a bed]. I. Medical instruction given at the bedside, or in the presence of the patient whose symptoms are studied and whose treat- ment is considered. 2. A gathering of in- structors, students, and patients, for the study and treatment of disease. Clinical {klin' '-ik-al) [kalviko^, pertaining to a bed]. Relating to bedside-treatment, or to a clinic. Clinoid (kli' '-nold) [kXivt], a bed ; eldoq, like- ness] . Resembling a bed ; applied to sundry bony structures of the body, as the clinoid processes, plate, walls, etc. Cliseometer (klis-e-o?n / -e-ter) [kXioiq, inclin- ation ; /uerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of inclination of the pelvic axis. Clitoridectomy (klit-or-id-ek'-to-me) [kasit- opiq, clitoris ; ektojut/, excision] . Excision of the clitoris. Clitoris {kht'-or-is) \_n7ieiTnpiQ, clitoris] . The homologue in the female of the penis, at- tached to the ischiopubic rami by two crura or branches, which meet in front of the pubic joint to form the body, or corpus. It pos- sesses erectility. C. Crises, paroxysms of sexual excitement in women suffering from tabes. Clivus {kli'-vus) [L., a slope]. Aslope. C. ossis, or C. of Blumenbach, the slanting surface of the body of the sphenoid bone be- tween the sella turcica and the basilar pro- cess of the occipital bone. Cloaca {klo-a f -kah~) [cloaca, a sewer]. I. In early fetal life, the common orifice of the in- testine and the allantois. 2. A fistulous tract in bone discharging pus from a sequestrum. Clonic {klon'-ik) [kaovoc, commotion]. Ap- plied to convulsive and spasmodic conditions of muscles characterized by alternate contrac- tions and relaxations. Clonus {klo f -nus s ) [kaovoq, commotion]. A series of movements characterized by alter- nate contractions and relaxations ; a clonic spasm. Involuntary, reflex, irregular con- tractions of muscles when put suddenly upon the stretch. According to the part affected, the phenomenon is spoken of as ankle, foot y CLOQUET COCAIN rectus, or wrist C. , etc. See Reflexes, Table of. Cloquet, Canal of. See Canals, Table of. Clostridium (klos-trid' '-e-nm) \jik(jX5T7]p, a spindle]. A genus of bacteria, differing from bacilli in the fact that their spores are formed in enlarged rods. Closure {klo f -zur) \_clausura, a closing] . The act of completing or closing an electric cir- cuit. Clot (klot) [AS., elate, a bur]. A peculiar solidification of the blood, such as takes place when it is shed. It is due to the formation of fibrin which entangles the blood corpuscles and, contracting, squeezes out the liquid portion of the blood. Cloudy Swelling. Parenchymatous degener- ation ; a swelling up of the elements of a tissue, with the formation in them of fine granules due to the change of soluble albu- minates into insoluble. Clove (klov). See Caryophyllus. C. -Hitch Knot, a form of double-knot in which two successive loops are made close to one another on the same piece of cord or band- age, a half-twist being given to the junction of each loop at the time of making it. Clownism (/clown' '-izm) [Icel. , klunni, a boorish fellow]. That stage of hystero- epilepsy in which there is an emotional dis- play and a remarkable series of contortions. Club-foot. See Talipes. C.-hand, a de- formity of the hand similar to that of club- foot. Clubbed Fingers (klubdfin f -gerz). Knobbed deformity of the finger-tips, with curvature of the nails over the finger-ends ; seen in some cases of pulmonary and cardiac disease. Clyster (hlis'-ter) \jihvo~i]p, an injection]. An enema. Coagulated (ko-ag' '-u-la-ted) \coagidare, to curdle]. Clotted ; curdled. C. Proteids, a class of proteids produced by heating solu- tions of egg-albumin or serum-albumin up to 70 C. or higher. At the body- temperature they are readily converted into peptones by the action of the gastric juice in an acid medium, or of pancreatic juice in an alkaline medium. Coagulation (ko-ag-u-la ; -sliun) \_coagtdatio, a clotting]. The formation of a coagulum or clot, as in blood or in milk. Coagulative [ko-ag' '-u-la-tiv) \_coagulare, to curdle]. Causing or marked by coagulation. C. Necrosis. See Necrosis. Coagulum (ho - ag' '- n - luni) [^coagulare, to curdle]. A clot. The mass of fibrin, enclos- ing red and colorless corpuscles and serum, that forms from the blood after the latter has been drawn from the body. Also, the curd of milk, and the insoluble form of albumin. Coal (kol) [ME., cole]. C.-tar, a by-pro- duct in the manufacture of illuminating gas ; it is a black, viscid fluid of a characteristic and disagreeable odor. The specific gravity ranges from i.iotoi.20. Its composition is extremely complex, and its principal con- stituents are separated, one from the other, by means of fractional distillation. Coalescence (ko-al-es' -ens) \_coalescere, to grow together]. The union of two or more parts or things. Coaptation (ko-ap-ta' '-shun) \_con, together ; aptare, to fit]. The proper union or adjust- ment of the ends of a fractured bone, the lips of a wound, etc. Coarctate (ko-ark f -tat) \coarctare, to press together]. Crowded together. Coarctation (ko-ark-ta' '-shun) \coarctare, to put together]. A compression of the walls of a vessel or canal, narrowing or closing the lumen ; reduction of the normal or previous volume, as of the pulse ; shrivelling and con- sequent detachment, as of the retina. A stricture. Coarse (kors) [ME., course]. Not fine; gross. C. Adjustment. See Adjustment. C. Features of Disease, macroscopic or- ganic lesions, such as swelling, hemorrhage, etc. Coat (hot) \cottus, a tunic]. A cover, or mem- brane covering a part or substance. C, Buffy, the upper fibrinous layer of the clot of coagulated blood, characterized by its pale color, due to absence of red corpuscles. Cobalt (ko ; -bawlt) \_Kobold, a German mytho- logic goblin]. A tough, heavy metal having some of the general properties of iron. Its oxids have been employed in medicine, but are now very little used. See Elements, Table of. Coca (ko'-kah).- See ErytJiroxylon. Cocain (ko f -kah-in, or ko / -kan) [S. A., coca], C n H 21 N0 4 . The chief alkaloid of Ery- tJiroxylon coca. It is at first stimulant and afterward narcotic, and resembles caffein in its action on the nerve-centers, and atropin in its effects on the respiratory and circulatory organs. Its long-continued use (cocain-habit) is followed by insomnia, decay of moral and intellectual power, emaciation, and death. It is a local anesthetic when applied to the surface of mucous membranes or given hy- podermically. Applied to the conjunctiva of the eye it causes also dilatation of the pupil and paralysis of the function of accom- modation. Dose gr. Y%-\) (0.008-0. 13). C, Ceratum, I in 30, for burns, etc. C. Citras, used to stop toothache. C. Hydrochloras, C 17 H 21 N0 4 C1, most commonly used for local anesthesia in 2—8 per cent, solution. Dose, internally, gr. ^-ij (0.008-0.13). C. Hy- drochlorat., Liquor (B. P.). Dose rnjj-x (0.13-0.65). Injectio C. Hydrochlorat. COCAINISM COFFEE Hypoderm. ; I in 20. C, Lamellae (B. P.), each containing gr. T ^ (0.00065) of cocain hydrochlorate. C. Oleas, a 10 per cent, solution in oleic acid, for external use. C. Phenas or Carbolas, a topic application in catarrhs and in rheumatism, used as a five to ten per cent, alcoholic solution ; also in- ternally. Dose, gr. ^-^ (0.005-0.016). Cocainism (ko-ka'-in-izm) [S. Amer., coca~\. The cocain-habit. Cocainization (ko - ka - in - iz - a f - shun) [S. Amer., coca]. The bringing of the system or organ under the influence of cocain. Coccaceae (kok-kas'-e-e) [hokkoq, a kernel]. A group of schizomycetous fungi, or bacteria, including as genera the Micrococcus, Sar- cina, Ascococcus, and Leuconostoc. Coccidiosis [kok-sid-i' -o-sis) [kokkoq, a berry ; voaoc, disease]. The group of symptoms produced by the presence of coccidia in the body. Coccidium {kok-sid* '-e-uni) [/co/c/coc, a berry]. A genus of protozoans, by some referred to as the so-called psorosperms (see Psoro- sperm). C. oviforme has been found in in- testinal epithelium, and in the liver of man, and often in the liver of the rabbit. True coccidia are nonmotile cell-parasites. C. sarkolytus, the name given by Adamkie- wicz to the so-called parasite of carcinoma. Coccinella {kok-sin-eV -aJi). See Cochineal. Coccobacteria [kok-o-bak-te' '-re-ah) [ho/choc, a kernel ; (3anTr/piov, a little rod]. The rod- like or spheroidal bacteria found in putrefy- ing liquids, and called C. septica. See Bacteria, Table of. Cocculus indicus (kok'-u-lus in r dic-us). The dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus. It is an active narcotic poison. It is employed as a destroyer of vermin. See Picrotoxin. Coccus {kok f -us) \_k6kkoq, a berry] . I. A genus of insects containing C. cacti, the cochineal insect. 2. A spheric bacterium, a micro- coccus. Coccydynia {kok-se-din'-e-ali). See Coccy- godynia. Coccygeus {kok-sif -e-us) [_kokkv^, cuckoo]. One of the pelvic muscles. See Muscles, Table of. Coccygodynia {kok-sig-o-din' '-e-ah) [/co/c/mf, cuckoo; bdvvr}, pain]. Pain referred to the region of the coccyx ; confined almost ex- clusively to women who have given birth to children. Coccyx {Jtok' -siks~) [kokkv!-, the cuckoo (re- sembling the bill) ]. The last bone of the spinal column, formed by the union of four rudimentary vertebrae. Cochin Leg (ko'-chin). Synonym of Ele- phantiasis arabum. Cochineal {koch'-in-el, or koch-in-el f ') [ME., cutchaneal\ The dried insects of a species of plant lice, Coccus cacti, parasitic upon a cactus of Mexico and Central America. It contains a rich red coloring-matter, carmin, used mainly as a dyeing agent. It is thought to be valuable in whooping-cough. Dose gr. X (0.02). Cochlea {kok' -le-ah ) [kox^oc, a conch-shell] . A cavity of the internal ear resembling a snail-shell. It describes two and a half turns about a central pillar called the modiolus or columnella, forming the spiral canal, about 1^4. inches in length. See also Ear. Cochlear, or Cochleare (kok'-le-ar, or kok- le-a / -re) [L.]. A spoon; a spoonful. C. magnum, a tablespoon; C. medium, a dessert-spoon ; C. minimum, a teaspoon. Cockroach (kok'-roch). See Blatta. Coco {ko f -kd). Synonym of Yaws. See Frambesia. Coco, or Cocoa (ko'-ko) [Port., cacao"]. See Cacao and Theobroma. Cod (kod) [ME., cod]. The Gadus mor- rhua, a fish furnishing C. -liver Oil, an oil derived from the liver of the Gadus morrhua, and ranging in color according to the method of its preparation from pale-straw to dark- brown ; its specific gravity is .923 to .924 or even .930 at 15 C. See Morrhua. Codein (ko'-de-in) [nudeia, the poppy-head], C 18 H 21 N0 3 H 2 0. A white, crystalline alka- loid of opium resembling morphin in action, but being weaker. It is used in cough and in diabetes mellitus. Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C. Phosphate, soluble in water. It is similar to morphin in action, but less toxic. Dose, hypodermically, gr. ss (0.032). C. Sulphas, dosegr. l /6-% (o- OI ~ 0.016). C. Valerianate, an antispasmodic and sedative. Dose gr. ^ (0.016). Cceliac (se'-le-ak). See Celiac. Coeliotomy {se-le-ot'-o-me). See Celiotomy. Ccelom, Cceloma {se f -lom, se-lo' '-mah) . See Celom. Coenesthesis (sen-es-the'-sis). See Cenesthe- sis. Ccenurus (se-nur' -tis) [tcoivog, common ; ovpd, tail]. The larva of Tenia ccenurus (Ktichen- meister), producing the disease of sheep called staggers. C. cerebralis, an hydatid found mainly in the brain and spinal canal of the ox and sheep (mostly in young ani- mals). Occasionally it has been discovered in the muscles of man. It is known to be the larva of the tapeworm, taenia ccenurus. Coffee (kof'-e). See Caffea. C. -ground Vomit, the material ejected by emesis in gastric carcinoma and other conditions that give rise to a slow hemorrhage into the stomach. It consists of blood changed by the action of the gastric juice, and mixed with other contents of the stomach. COGWHEEL BREATHING COLLAGEN Cogwheel Breathing or Respiration. A type o'i breathing characterized by a jerky, wavy inspiration. Cohabitation [ko-hab-it-a' 'shun) [con, to- gether; habitare, to dwell]. The living together of a man and woman, with or with- out legal marriage ; sexual connection. Cohesion (ko-he' -zhun) \_cohcerere, to stick together]. The force whereby molecules of matter adhere to each other ; the attraction of aggregation. Cohnheim's Areas. See Area. C. Fields. See Cohnheims Areas. C. Frog. See Salt-frog. C. Theory, a theory that all true tumors are due to faulty embryonal develop- ment. The embryonal cells do not undergo the normal changes, are displaced, or are superfluous. When the favorable condi- tions are presented later in life they take on growth, with the formation of tumors of va- rious kinds. Cohosh {ko'-hos/i) [Am. Ind ]. A name given to several medicinal plants. C, Black. See Cimicifuga. Coil [koil) \colligere, to gather together]. A spiral formed by winding. C. -gland. See Szvsat-gland. C, Induction, rolls of wire used to produce an electric current by induction. C, Leiter's. See Letter's Tubes. Coin-test {]ioin f -tesi). See Tympany, Bell. Coition \ko-ish' '-un)\_coire , to come together]. Same as Coitus. Coitophobia [ko-it-o-fo f -be-ali) \coire, to come together ; tyofiog, fear] . Morbid dread of coitus from disgust or dyspareu- nia. Coitus (ko'-it-us) \_coire, to come together]. The act of sexual connection ; copulation. Coko Disease {ko'-ko dis-ez'). A name ap- plied in the Fiji Islands to a disease resem- bling yaws. Cola {ko'-lali). See Kola-nut. Colchicin {kol* ' -chis-hi) [/co/l^/coy,colchicum], C 17 H 19 N0 5 . An alkaloid of colchicum ; it is a pale, brownish-yellow, exceedingly bitter powder, freely soluble in water. It is a very active poison. Its dose is gr. Jq (°- 00 3 2 )> hypodermatically. Colchicum [kol' ' -chik-iwi) [/co/l^/cdv, colchi- cum]. Meadow-saffron. The corm and seed of C. autumnale, the properties of which are due to an alkaloid, colchicin. It is an emetic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and dras- tic cathartic. It is valuable in acute gout, and in some forms of rheumatism. Dose of the powdered root gr. ij-viij (0.13-0.52), of the powdered seeds gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). C, Extract. (B. P.). Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032- 0.13). C, Extract., Aceticum (B. P.). Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C. Rad., Ext. Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C. Rad., Ext., Fid. Dose Ti\,ij-x (0.13-0.65). C. Rad., Vinum, 40 per cent, in strength. Dose T!\v- xv (0.32-1.0). C. Sem., Ext., Fid. Dose ny-v (0.065-0.32). C. Sem., Vinum, 15 per cent, in strength. Dose rr^x-xxx (0.65- 2.0). C, Tinct., prepared from the seed ; strength 15 per cent. Dose rr^x-xxx (0.65- 2.0). C, Vinum (B. P.). Dose rr^x-xxx (0.65-1.3). Cold {kold) [AS., ceald~\. I. The compara- tive want of heat. 2. A term used popu- larly for coryza and catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract. Cold is employed largely in various forms as a therapeutic agent, mainly for the purpose of lowering temperature and allaying irritation and in- flammation. It may be used in the form of affusion, that is, the sudden application of a considerable volume of cold water to the body. Cold may be used as an anesthetic in baths (see Bath) ; in the form of compresses applied over the affected part ; in the form of irrigation, especially in the treatment of bruised and injured mem- bers ; as a lotion, for the purpose of reliev- ing local heat, pain, and swelling ; as an in- jection, in the form of ice-water, into the vagina or rectum, for various conditions ; and as the cold pack, which is a valuable means of reducing the body-temperature in cases of hyperpyrexia. Cold may be applied in the dry form by means of the ice-cap or bladder, an india-rubber bag filled with ice, snow, or a freezing mixture. C. Abscess. See Abscess. C. Cream. See Rosa. C. Pack. See Pack. C. Sore, herpes labialis. Colectomy (ko-lek f -to-me) \_k67iov, colon ; 8KT0/L17?, cutting out]. Excision of a portion of the colon. Colic (kol'-ik) \_ko7iik6q, pertaining to the colon]. I. Pertaining to the colon. 2. A severe griping pain in the bowels, due to spasm of the intestinal walls ; also any severe spasmodic pain in the abdomen. C, Bili- ary, that due to the passage of a gall-stone through the gall ducts. C, Devonshire. Synonym of C, Lead. C, Hepatic. See C, Biliary. C, Lead, or C, Saturnine, Colica pictonum, painter' ' s colic. Intestinal colic due to lead-poisoning. It is character- ized by excruciating abdominal pain, a hard and retracted condition of the abdomen, slow pulse, and increased arterial tension. C, Menstrual, the pain of menstruation. C, Renal, due to the presence of a calculus in the ureter. C, Uterine, colic-like pains experienced at the menstrual epochs, often coming on in paroxysms. Colitis [ko-li'-tis) \_k61ov, the large intestine ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the colon. Collagen (kol'-aj'-eu) [noXka, glue ; yevvdeiv, COLLAPSE COLOPHONY RESIN to produce]. A substance existing in various tissues of the body, especially bone and car- tilage ; it is converted into gelatin by boiling. Collapse {kol-aps f ) \_collabere, to fall to- gether]. Extreme depression and prostration from failure of the circulation, as in cholera, shock, hemorrhage, etc. C. of Lung, re- turn of a portion or the whole of a lung to its fetal or airless condition from some me- chanic hindrance to the entrance of air. It is characterized by dyspnea, with more or less cyanosis, and is mainly encountered in bronchopneumonia. Collapsing (kol-aps* '-ing) [collabere, to fall together]. Suddenly breaking down. C. Pulse. See Corrigan's Pulse. Collar-bone. The clavicle. Collateral (kol-at ; -er-al) \_con, together; lat- eralis •, of the side]. Accessory or second- ary ; not direct or immediate. Collecting Tubes of the Kidney. A name given to the ducts discharging into the calices of the kidneys. Colles' Fascia. The deep layer of the perineal fascia. It is attached to the base of the triangular ligament, to the anterior lips of the rami of the pubes and ischia lat- erally, and anteriorly it is continuous with the dartos of the scrotum. C. Fracture. See Diseases, Table of. C. Law. See Law. Collidin (kol ; -id-in) \_K67CXa, glue], C 8 H U N. A ptomain, isomeric but not identical with aldehyd-collidin. The ptomain was obtained from pancreas and gelatin allowed to putrefy together in water. Collier's Lung. Synonym of Anthracosis. Collinspnia (kol-in-so' '-ne-aK) [after Peter Collinson, an English gentleman]. A genus of labiate herbs. C. canadensis. Stone- root, heal-all, a coarse plant with a dis- agreeable smell ; it has tonic, diuretic, and diaphoretic properties. Dose gr. xv— lx (1.0-4.0) in decoction; of the fluid extract rr^x-f %') (0.65-4.0) ; of the tincture (i in 10) f^ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Colliquation (kol-ik-wa / '- shun) \c01i, to- gether ; liquare, to melt] . The liquefaction or breaking down of a tissue or organ. Colliquative [kol-ik' '-wa-tiv) [con, together ; liquare, to melt]. Profuse or excessive; marked by excessive fluid discharges. C. Diarrhea, a profuse watery diarrhea. C. Necrosis. See Necrosis, Liquefaction. C. Sweat, a profuse clammy sweat. Colliquefaction {kol-ik-we-fak* '-shun) \_con, together; liquare, to melt]. A melting, or fusing together. Collodion (kol-o'-de-on) [/coAAok^/c, glue- like]. See Pyroxylin. Colloid (koF-oid) \_n6XXa, glue]. I. A non- dializable organic substance. See Dialysis. 2. A substance formed by colloid degenera- tion of epithelium. See Degeneration. 3. Having the nature of glue. 4. In chemistry, amorphous and non crystalline. C. Cancer. See Cancer. C. Degeneration. See De- generation. C. Degeneration of the Skin, a rare disease, occurring chiefly on the upper part of the face, in the form of small, glistening, translucent, flattish elevations, and yielding by pressure a small, jelly-like mass. Colloma (kol-o' ' -viah) \_noA\a, glue ; bixa, a tumor]. A cystic tumor containing a gelatiniform, substance. Collum (liol'-uni) [L.]. The neck; espe- cially the anterior part of the neck. C. dis- tortum. Synonym of Torticollis. Collutory {kol' '-u-to-re) \collutorium, colluere, to rinse]. A gargle or mouth- wash. Collyrium [kol ir'-e-wn) [no'XAvpiov, an eye- salve]. A lotion for the eyes. Coloboma (kol-o-bo' '-mah) [KoXoj36eiv, to mu- tilate]. A congenital fissure of the iris, choroid, or eyelids. Colocynthis (kol- o-sin' -this) \_KoloKvv6ig, col- ocynth]. Colocynth. The fruit of C. cit- rullus, from which the seeds and rind have been removed. Its properties are due to a bitter glucosid, colocynthin, C 56 H 84 23 , the dose of which is gr. -£%-\ (0.003-0.013). It is a tonic and astringent purgative, and is used mainly as an ingredient of compound cathartic pills. C, Ext., alcoholic. Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C, Ext., Comp., contains colocynth extract 16, aloes 50, cardamom 6, resin of scammony 14, soap 14, alcohol 10 parts. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32—1.3). C, Pilula, Comp. (B. P.), contains colo- cynth, aloes, scammony, potassium sulphate and oil of cloves. Dose gr. v-x (0.32— 0.65). Pilulae Catharticae Comp., com- pound cathartic pills; contain each, comp. ext. of colocynth gr. 1.3, abstract jalap gr. j, calomel gr. j, gamboge gr. )(.. Dose 1-3 pills. Pilula Colocynth. et Hyoscyam. Dose gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). Coloenteritis [kol - -en - ter - i f - tis) \_k6aov, colon ; evrepov, an intestine ; trig, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the small and large intestine. See Enterocolitis. Colomba, Colombo (kol-om'-bah, kol-om f - bo). See Calumba. Colon (ko'-lon) [koaov, the colon]. The part of the large intestine beginning at the cecum and terminating at the end of the sigmoid flexure. In the various parts of its course it is known as the ascending C. , the transverse C, the descending C, and the sigmoid flexure. Colony (kol f -o-ne) [colonia, a colony]. A collection or assemblage, as of microorgan- isms in a culture. Colophony Resin (kol'-o-fo-ne) [iy, seam]. Suture of the vagina. Coltsfoot (koltz'-foot). The leaves of Tus- silago farfara, a demulcent and tonic, some- times prescribed for chronic cough. Dose of a decoction ( ^ j to Oj) a teacupful ; of fid. ext. f 3 j— ij (4.0-8.0). Unof. Columbin (kol-um' '-bin). An active princi- ple of Calumba. It is a colorless crystalline substance of excessively bitter taste and neu- tral reaction. Columbo (kol-um' -bo). See Calumbo. Columella (kol-u-mel'-ah) [L., a little col- umn]. The modiolus or central axis of the cochlea of the human ear. See Cochlea and Modiolus. Column (kol'-um) \_columna, a column]. A name given to several parts of the body that furnish support to surrounding parts, or that have the shape of pillars. C, An- terior, the layer of white matter in either half of the spinal cord included between the anterior horn and nerve-roots, and the anterior median fissure. C, An- terolateral Ascending. See C. of Gowers. C. of Burdach. See C. , Postero- external. C. of Clarke, a column of gray substance occupying the region to the outer and posterior side of the central canal of the spinal cord, at the inner part of the base of the posterior cornu. It contains fusiform cells, and is the trophic center for the direct cerebellar tract. C, Direct Cerebellar, in the spinal cord, is situated outside of the lat- eral pyramidal tract. C. of Goll, the postero- median column of the spinal cord. C, Gowers', in the spinal cord, a group of fibers lying in front of the direct cerebellar tract and reaching around upon the peri- phery of the anterior pyramidal tract. C, Lateral, the layer of white matter in either half of the spinal cord included between the posterior horn and nerve-roots, and the ante- rior horn and nerve-roots. C. of Morgagni, vertical folds of the rectal mucous membrane seen at the point of union of the latter with the skin of the anus. C, Posterior, a collection of white matter situated in the spinal cord on either side between the poste- rior horns and posterior nerve-roots, and the posterior median fissure. C, Posteroex- ternal, the outer wider division of the pos- terior column of the cord ; the column of Burdach. C, Posteromedian, the median division of the posterior column of the cord ; the column of Goll. C. of Spitzka-Lis- sauer, in the spinal cord, a group of nerve- fibers lying just in front of and just behind the posterior horns. C, Posterovesicular. See Column of Clark. C. of Tiirck, the an- terior or direct pyramidal tract. C. of the External Ring, the free borders of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, forming the edges of the external abdominal ring. Columna (kol-um f -nah) [L. ]. A column or pillar. C. Bertini, that part of the cortical structure of the kidneys that separates the sides of any two pyramids. Columnar car-- COMA COMPOUND neae, the muscular columns projecting from the inner surface of the ventricles of the heart. Coma {ho'-mah) [ku/io., deep sleep]. Un- consciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused by external stimulus. C, Al- coholic, that due to poisoning by alcohol. C„ Apoplectic, that due to apoplexy. C., Uremic, that due to uremia. C. Vigil, a comatose condition in which the patient lies with open eyes, but unconscious and delirious. This occurs occasionally in typhoid and typhus fevers and in delirium tremens. Comatose (ko'-mat-os) [atijua, a deep sleep]. In a condition of coma. Combustion {kom-bus' '-chun) \_comburere, to burn up]. The process of oxidation, at- tended with the liberation of heat and some- times of light. It is loosely used as a syno- nym of inflammation. Comedo {kom'-e-dd) [comedo, & glutton: pi., Comedones]. Grubs; Grub- worms ; Black- heads. A chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by yellowish or whitish pin-point and pin-head-sized elevations, con- taining in their center exposed blackish points. They are found usually on the face, back of the neck, chest, and back, and are often associated with acne. They occur as a rule in the young. Occasionally a parasite, the Demodex folliculorum, is found in each comedo. Comes {ko'-mez) [L. \ pi. , Comites]. A com- panion, as a vein to an artery, or an artery to a nerve. Comma-bacillus {ko)n f -ah-bas-iF -us). See Bacteria, Table of. Commensal {kom-en' -sal) [cum, together; mensa, table]. In biology, the harmonious living together of two animals or plants. One of two such organisms. Comminuted {kom f -in-ti-ted) \comminuere ,to break in pieces]. Broken into a number of pieces. Commissure, Commissura {kond -iss-ur, kom-iss-td-rah) \_cum, together; mittere, to send]. That which unites two parts. C, Anterior {of third ventricle) a rounded cord of white fibers placed in front of the anterior crura of the fornix. C, Anterior White [of spinal cord), a layer of fibers separating the posterior gray commissure from the bottom of the anterior median fissure. C, Gray {of spinal cord), the transverse band of gray mat- ter connecting the masses of gray matter of the two halves of the spinal cord. C. magna, the corpus callosum. C, Middle, a band of soft gray matter connecting the optic thalami. C, Optic, the union and crossing of the two optic nerves in front of the tuber cinereum. C, Posterior {of third ventricle), a flattened white band connecting the optic thalami pos- teriorly. C, Posterior White {of spinal cord), a band of fibers separating the gray commissure from the bottom of the posterior median fissure. Commissural {kom-hs-u' -ral) [cum, to- gether; mittere, to send]. Having the pro- perties of a commissure ; uniting symmetric parts, as C. fibers of the brain. Commotio [ko?n-o / -she-o) [L.]. A commo- tion or shock. C. cerebri, concussion of the brain. Communicans {kom-u' '-nik-ans) [L.]. Com- municating. C. noni. See Nerves, Table of Commutator {kond-u-ta-tor) [commutare, to exchange]. An instrument for automatically interrupting or reversing the flow of an elec- tric current. Compact Tissue. The external, hard part of bone. Comparative Anatomy. See Anatomy. Compatibility {kom-pat-ib-W -it-e) [compati, to suffer with]. Of medicines, the relation of one substance to another, so that they may be mixed without chemic change or loss of therapeutic power. Compensating {kom f -pen-sa-ting) [compen- sare, to compensate]. Making good a defici- ency. C. Ocular. See Ocular. C. Opera- tion, in ophthalmology, tenotomy of the as- sociated antagonist in cases of diplopia from paresis of one of the ocular muscles. Compensation {kom-pen-sa / '-shun) [compen- sare, to equalize]. The act of making good a deficiency; the state of counter-balancing a functional or structural defect. Compensatory {horn- pen' '-sa-to-re) [compen- sare, to equalize]. Making good a deficiency. Restoring the balance after failure of one organ or part of an organ by means of some other organ or part of an organ. Complemental, Complementary {kom-ple- men' -tal, kom-ple-men f -ta-7'e)[cum , together ; plere, to fill]. Supplying a deficiency. C. Air. See Air. C. Colors, a term applied to any two colors which combined produce white light, as, e.g., blue and yellow. Complexus {kom-pleks' -us) [complexus, com- plex]. The totality of symptoms, phenom- ena, or signs of a morbid condition. C. Mus- cle. See Muscles, Table of. Complication {kom-plik-a' '-shun) [comp/icare, to fold together]. A disease occurring in the course of some other disease and more or less dependent upon it. Compos Mentis {kond-pos men'-tis) [L.]. Of sound mind. Composite {kom-poz' ' -it) [componere, to put together]. I. Composed of distinct portions. 2. In biology, belonging to the order Com- posite. Compound {ko»d -pound , or kom-pound f ) COMPRESS CONDURANGO BARK [cum, together; ponere, to put]. I. To mix, as drugs. 2. Composed of several parts. C, Cathartic Pills. See Colocynth. C. Frac- ture. See Fracture. Compress {kom f -pres) [compressus, pressed together]. Folded cloths, wet or dry, ap- plied firmly to the part for relief of in- flammation, or to prevent hemorrhage. C. Graduated, a compress composed of folds of a gradually increasing size. Compression (kom presh'-un) [compressus, pressed together]. The state of being com- pressed. C. -atrophy, atrophy of a part from constant compression. C. -myelitis, myelitis due to compression of the spinal cord. Compressor (kom-pres'-or) [compi'imere, to press together]. I. An instrument for com- pressing an artery, vein, etc. 2. The term is also applied to muscles having a compres- sing function. C. sacculi laryngis, the inferior arytenoepiglottideus muscle. See Muscles, Table of. C. urethrae. See Mus- cles, Table of. Conarium [ko-na / -re-uni) [nwvaptov ; dim. of Kwvog, a cone]. The pineal gland. Concave {kon-kdv f ) [cum, together; cavus, hollow]. Hollow; incurved, as the inner surface of a hollow sphere. Concavoconvex (fcon - kah f - vo - kon f - veks) . Having one surface concave, the other con- vex, the convexity exceeding the concavity. Conceive {kon-sev') [concipere, to take in]. To become pregnant. Concentration {kon-sen-tra' '-shun) [cum, to- gether ; centrum, the center]. The act of making denser, as of a mixture, by evapor- ating a part of the liquid. Concentric [kon-sen' ' -trik) [cum, together ; centrum, the center]. Arranged in an equi- distant manner about a center. C. Hyper- trophy of the Heart, increase in the muscu- lar texture of the heart, the capacity of the cavities remaining unchanged. Conception {kon- sep f -shun) [concipere, to conceive]. I. The fecundation of the ovum by the spermatozaid. 2. The abstract men- tal idea of anything ; the power or act of mentally conceiving. C, Imperative, a false idea that a person dwells upon and cannot expel from his mind, even when he knows it to be absurd. It dominates his actions, and is a symptom of insanity. Concha [kong f -kah) [noyxa, a shell]. A shell. Applied to organs having some re- semblance to a shell, as the patella, vulva, etc., and especially to C. auris, or the hollow- part of the external ear. Conchoscope [kong f - ko- shop) [noyxa, a shell; the naris ; CKonelv, to inspect]. A speculum and mirror for inspecting the nasal cavity. Concomitant [kon-kom' ' -it-ant) [concomitari, to accompany]. Accompanying. C. Stra- bismus. See Strabismus. C. Symptoms, symptoms that are not in themselves essen- tial to the course of a disease, but that may occur in association with the essential symp- toms. Concretion {kon-kre> '-shun) [concretio ; con- crescere, to grow together] . The solidification or condensation of a fluid substance ; a cal- culus ; a union of parts normally separate, as the fingers. Concussion {kon - kush f - un) [concussio, a violent shock]. Shock ; the state of being shaken ; a severe shaking or jarring of a part ; also, the morbid state resulting from such a jarring. C. of Brain, a condition produced by a fall or blow on the head, and marked by unconsciousness, feeble pulse, cold skin, pallor, at times the involuntary discharge of feces and urine ; this is followed by partial stupor, vomiting, and headache, and eventually recovery. In severe cases inflammation of the brain may follow, or a condition of feeble-mindedness. C. of Spi- nal Cord, a condition caused by severe shock of the spinal column, with or without appreciable lesion of the cord. It leads to functional disturbances analogous to railway- spine. Condensed (kon-densd f ) [condensare, to make thick]. Made compact ; reduced to a denser form. C. Milk, milk that has had most of its watery elements evaporated. Con- densed milk prepared with the addition of cane-sugar is a white or yellowish-white pro- duct of about the consistency of honey and ranging in specific gravity from 1.25 to 1. 41. It should be completely soluble in from four to five times its bulk of water, without separa- tion of any flocculent residue, and then pos- sess the taste of fresh, sweetened milk. Condensed milk prepared without the addi- tion of cane-sugar is not boiled down to the same degree, and therefore remains liquid. Condenser (hon-den'-ser) [condensare, to make dense]. A lens or combination of lenses used in microscopy for gathering and concentrating rays of light. Conduction (hon - duk ; - shun) [conductio : conducere, to draw together]. The passage or transfer of force or material from one part to another. Conductor {kon-duk' '-tor \[conducere, to draw together]. I. A body that transmits force- vibrations, such as those of heat or electric- ity. 2. A term applied to the electrodes and cords by which they are joined to the battery. 3. An instrument serving as a guide for the surgeon's knife. Condurango Bark {kon-du-rang ; -go bark) [native of S. Araer.]. Bark of Go not obit* CONDY'S FLUID CONIUM tetragonns, or of Conglobus condurango ; a remedy much used in S. America as an alterative in syphilis. It was introduced into the U. S. as a remedy for carcinoma of the stomach, but yielded uncertain results. It is a stomachic tonic. Dose of the fluid ex- tract f gss-j (2.0-4.0) ; of the tincture, f^j- ij (4.0-8.0). Unof. Condy's Fluid. One part of sodium or po- tassium permanganate dissolved in 500 parts of water ; it is a useful disinfectant. Condylarthrosis [kon-dil-ar-thro' 'sis) [kov- dvlog, a knuckle; apOpov, a joint]. A form of diarthrosis, wherein a condyle is set in a shallow and elliptic cavity, and free and va- ried movement of the joint is possible ; con- dylar articulation. Condyle [kon'-dil) [novdvAoc, a knuckle]. Any rounded eminence such as occurs in the joints of many of the bones, especially the femur, humerus, and lower jaw. Condyloid [kon ; - dil- oid) [novclvAog, a knuckle; eidog, likeness]. Resembling or pertaining to a condyle. Condyloma [kon-dil-o' '-mah ) [novdvAw/ua, a swelling]. A wart-like growth or tumor usually near the anus or pudendum. C. latum, the syphilitic mucous patch. Cone, Conus [kon, ko'-nus) [ncbvog, a cone]. A solid body having a circle for its base, and terminating in a point. C. of Light, the triangular reflection from the normal mem- brana tympani. C, Retinal, one of the rod- like bodies, which, with the associated rods, form one of the outer layers of the retina, the so-called rod-and-cone layer. Confection [kon-fek' '-shuri) [confectio, a pre- paration]. In pharmacy, a mass of sugar and water, or of honey, used as an excipient with a prescribed medicinal substance. Confinement [kon - fin' '- ment) \_cum, to- gether; finis, boundary, limit]. The condi- tion of women during childbirth. Confluent [kon' 'flu-ent) [confluere, to flow together]. Running together. • The oppo- site of discrete. In anatomy, coalesced or blended ; applied to two or more bones originally separate, but subsequently formed into one. Confrontation [kon -frnn - ta f - shun) [con- fronted, to be contiguous to] . The exami- nation of a person by whom a diseased per- son may have been infected as a means of diagnosing the disease in the latter. Confusion [kon - fu f - zhuri) [cum, together; fundere, to pour]. Mixing; confounding. C. Colors, a set of colors so chosen that they cannot be distinguished by one who is color-blind. C. Letters, test-type letters, such as C. G. O. , or F. P. T. , liable to be mistaken for each other. Congelation [kon-jel-a' '-shuri) [congelatio y a freezing] . 1 . Freezing ; frost-bite ; intense cold or its effect on the animal economy, or any organ or part. 2. The chilling or be- numbing effect of any freezing-mixture or application ; mainly employed for its local anesthetic effect. 3. Coagulation. Congenital [kon-jen r -it-al) [cum, together; gigni, to be born]. Existing at birth. Congestion [kon -jes f - churi) [congere. j, 10 heap up]. An abnormal collection of blood in a part or organ. Congestion may be ac- tive or passive, atonic or inflammatory, func- tional or hypostatic. It is also named from the parts affected ; the most important varie- ties of morbid congestion are the cerebral, spinal, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal. Congestive [kon-jes' ' -tiv) [congerere, to heap up] . Marked by, due to, or of the nature of congestion. Congius [kon f -je-tis) [L.]. A Roman meas- ure. A gallon. Conglomerate [kon-glom' '-er-dt) [conglomer- are, to heap up]. I. Massed together ; ag- gregated. 2. A mass of units without order. C. Glands, acinous glands. Conglutin [kon-glu'- tin) [cum, together; gluten, glue]. One of the proteids found in peas, beans, and other kinds of pulse. Conglutination [kon-glu-tin-a' '-shun) [con- glutinare, to glue together]. The abnormal union of two contiguous surfaces or bodies, as of two fingers, or of the opposed surfaces of the pleural or pericardial sac. Congo -red. A red coloring-matter which be- comes blue in the presence of free HC1. It is used in chemic investigation of the gastric juice. Conic, Conical [kon f -ik, kon' ' -ik-al)[Kidvui6g, pertaining to a cone]. Cone-shaped. C. Cornea. See Keratoglobus. Coniin [ko-ni f -in). See Conium and Conin. Conin (ko'-nin) [k&velov, hemlock], C 8 H 15 N. A liquid alkaloid which is the active principle of Conium. Conium [ko-ni' -um) [kuveiov, hemlock] . Hem- lock. The leaves and the fruit of the spotted hemlock, C. macirfatum. It contains three al- kaloids and a volatile oil. Its properties are mainly due to the alkaloids coniin, C 8 H 15 N, andmethylconiin, C 8 H 14 NCH 3 . It produces motor-paralysis, without loss of sensation or of consciousness. Toxic doses cause death by paralysis of the organs of respiration. It is valuable in acute mania, delirium tremens, tetanus, blepharospasm, asthma, and whoop- ing-cough. C, Abstract., made from conium, 200, dilute hydrochloric acid 6, sugar of milk and alcohol q. s. to make 100 parts of abstract. Dose gr. ss-iij ( 0.032- 0.2). C, Cataplasma (B. P.), made from the leaves ; for external use. C, Ext. Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C, Ext. Fid., CONI VASCULOSI CONTAGION Dose mj-ij (0.065-0.13). C, Pilula, Comp. (3. P.), contains extract of hemlock and ipecac. Dose gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). C, Succus (B. P.), made from the leaves. Dose rrLxxx-^ij (2.0-8.0). C, Tinct., 15 per cent, strength. Dose TT^x-f % j (0.65- . 40). C. Vapor (B. P.), for inhalations. Coniin, volatile alkaloid of conium. Dose gr. Q^-ro (0.001-0.006). Unof. Coniin Hydrobrom., C 5 H 9 (C 3 H 7 ), recommended for spasmodic affections. Dose gr. g^—is (0.002 — 0.004). Unof. All preparations are uncertain in strength. Coni vasculosi. A series of conic masses of tubules that together form the globus major of the epididymis. Conjugal {kon' '-ju-gal) [cum, together; jugare,to yoke]. Pertaining to marriage; connubial. C. Diabetes, diabetes affecting husband and wife together ; this is said to be not infrequently observed. Conjugate [kon' '-ju-gat) [cum, together; ju- gare, to yoke]. Yoked or coupled. C. Deviation. See Deviation. C. Diameter (of the pelvis). See Diameter. C, True, the minimum diameter of the pelvic inlet. Conjunctiva (kon-junk-ti' -vah) [conjunctivas, connecting]. The mucous membrane cover- ing the anterior portion of the globe of the eye, reflected upon the lids and extending to their free edges. Its parts are called palpe- bral and ocular, or bulbar. Conjunctivitis {kon-junk-tiv-i f -tis) [conjunc- tivus, connecting; trig, inflammation]. In- flammation of the conjunctiva. C, Acute Catarrhal, the most common form, usually mild, resulting from cold or irritation. C, Croupous, a variety associated with the for- mation of a whitish-gray membrane that is easily removed. C, Diphtheric, a specific purulent inflammation of the conjunctiva, due to the Klebs-Loffler bacillus. C, Egyptian, See Trachoma. C, Follicular, a form char- acterized by numerous round, pinkish bodies found in the retrotarsal fold. C, Gonor- rheal, a severe form of purulent C. , caused by infection with gonococci. C, Phlycten- ular, one characterized by the presence on the ocular conjunctiva of small vesicles surrounded by a reddened zone. C, Purulent, one characterized by a thick, creamy discharge. Connective (kon-ek' ' -tiv) [connectere, to con- nect]. C. Tissue. See Tissue. Conoid, or Conoidal [ko'-noid, or ko-noi' '-da/) [kuvoq, cone; eldog, shape]. Of a conic shape. C. Ligament, the lower and inner part of the coracoclavicular ligament. C. Tubercle, the eminence on the inferior sur- face of the clavicle to which the conoid liga- ment is attached. Conquinamin {kon-kwin' '-a-min). An alka- loid of Cuprea bark, Consanguinity (kon-san-gwin' '-it-e) [cum, to- gether ; sanguinis, of blood]. The relation- ship arising from common parentage ; blood- relationship. Consciousness [kon f - shus - nes) [conscius, knowing]. The state of being aware of one's own existence, of one's own mental states, and of the impressions made upon one's senses ; ability to take cognizance of sensa- tions. C, Double, that morbid condition in which there are two separate and alternating states of mental consciousness, in either one of which the events that have occurred in the other state are not remembered by the patient. Consensual {kon-sen' '-su-al) [consensus, agreement]. Excited reflexly by stimu- lation of another part, usually a fellow organ, as the C. reaction of one pupil when the iris of the other eye is stimulated. Conservation {kon-ser-va' '-s/utn) [conservare, to keep]. Preservation without loss. C, of Energy. See Energy. Consolidation (kon-sol-id-a'-s/iuu) [consoli- dare, to make firm]. The process of becom- ing firm or solid, as a lung in pneumonia. Constant (kon' -slant) [constans, steady]. Fixed. C. Current, one that goes continu- ously in one direction. Constipation (kon-stip-a' '-shwi) [constipare, to crush tightly together]. A condition in which the bowels are evacuated at long in- tervals or with difficulty. Constitution [kon-stit-u' '-s/iuh) [constituere, to dispose]. In chemistry, the atomic or molecular composition of a body. In phar- macy, the composition of a substance. In physiology, the general temperament and functional condition of the body. Constitutional {kon-stit-u' ' -shun-al) [consti- tuere, to dispose]. Pertaining to the state of the constitution. C. Diseases, such dis- eases as are inherent, owing to an abnormal structure of the body. Also, a condition in which the disease pervades the whole system. General diseases, in contradistinction to local. Constrictor (kon-strik f -tor) [constringere , to bind together]. Any muscle that contracts or tightens any part of the body. See Mus- cles, Table of. Consumption (kon-sump' -shun) [consumere, to consume or wear away]. A wasting away, especially a wasting disease like tuberculosis, particularly pulmonary tuberculosis or tuber- culosis of the bowels. Contact (kon f -taki) [contactus, a touching]. A touching. C. Breaker, an instrument by means of which a galvanic circuit is broken. Contagion (kon-ta / -jun) [contagio; contin- gere, to touch]. I. The process by which a specific disease is communicated from one person to another, either by direct contact or by means of an intermediate agent. 2. Also CONTAGIOUS CONVALLARIN the specific germ or virus from which a com- municable disease develops. Contagious {Jzon-ta* '-Jus) [contagium, a touch- ing]. Communicable or transmissible by- contagion, or by a specific contagium. Contagium (leon-ta'-Je-um) [L.]. Any virus or morbific matter by means of which a com- municable disease is transmitted from the sick to the well. Contiguity (kon-tig-u' '-it-e) \_cum, together ; tangere, to touch]. Proximity. C, Ampu- tation in the, is performed at a joint, with- out section of a bone. Continence (kon'-ti-nens) [continere, to hold together]. Self-restraint, especially in regard to the sexual passion. Continued (kon - tin' '- ud) [continuare, to make continuous]. Persisted in. C. Fever, a fever that is long-continued, without inter- missions. Continuity {kon-tin-u f -it-e) [cum, together ; tenere, to hold]. The state of being con- tinuous or uninterrupted. C, Amputation in the, amputation in which a bone is divided. Contractility [kon-trak-til' '-it-e) [contra here, to draw together]. That property of certain tissues, especially muscle, of shortening upon the application of a stimulus. Contraction (kon-trak' -shuri) [contrahere, to draw together]. Approximation of the ele- ments of a tissue or organ, thus diminishing its volume or contents. C, Anodal, Clos- ing or Opening, the contraction taking place at the anode on closing or opening the circuit. C, Carpopedal, a variety of tetany occurring in infants, and generally associated with dentition or seat- worms. There is a flexing of the fingers, toes, elbows, and knees, and a general tendency to convulsions. C, Closing, muscular contractions produced at the instant that the electric current is closed. C, Dupuytren's, a contraction of the palmar fascia causing the fingers to fold into the palm. C, Front-tap, a phenomenon often observed in cases with exaggerated knee-jerk. When the foot is placed at a right angle to the leg, and the muscles of the front of the leg are tapped, the foot is extended. See Reflexes, Table of. C, Hour-glass, a contraction of an organ, as the stomach or uterus, at the middle. C, Opening, the muscular contraction produced by opening or breaking the circuit. C, Paradoxic, a phenomenon that consists in the contraction of a mus- cle, caused by the passive approximation of its extremities. C. -remainder, the stage of elastic after-vibration or residual contrac- tion persisting in a muscle after withdrawal of the stimulus. C.-ring, the boundary line between the upper and lower segments of the parturient uterus. Contracture {kon-trak' ' -chur)[cum , together-, trahere, to draw] . Contraction ; permanent shortening, as of a muscle ; distortion or de- formity due to the shortening of a muscle or of various muscles. -Contraindication {kon-trah-in-dik a f -shun) [contra, against; indicare, to point out]. That modifying condition in which a remedy or a method of treatment is forbidden. Contrecoup {kon f -tr-koo) [Fr. ]. Counter- stroke. The transmission of a shock from the point struck to a point on the opposite side of the body or the part. Control {kon-trol') [contra, against ; 7'oti/la,a. roll]. A standard by which to check ob- servations and insure the validity of their results. Colloquially, the term is sometimes used as a noun for control animal, or control experiment. C. Animal, one used in a con- trol experiment. C. Experiment, an experi- ment carried out under normal or common circumstances or conditions, to serve as a standard whereby to test the variation or value of another experiment carried out under peculiar or abnormal circumstances. Contusion (/eon-tu' '- zhun) [conhmdere, to bruise]. A bruise or injury inflicted without the integument being broken. C. -pneumo- nia, a form of pneumonia following trauma- tism. Conus (ko f -nns) [nuvog, a cone] . I . A cone. 2. A crescentic patch of atrophic choroid tissue near the optic papilla in myopia. C. arteri- osus, the cone-shaped eminence of the right ventricle of the heart, whence arises the pul- monary artery. C. medullaris, the cone- like termination of the spinal cord, continu- ous as the filum terminale. Coni vascu- losi, a series of conic masses that together form the globus major of the epididymis. Convalescence i y kon-val-es / -ens) [convales- ce re, to become well]. A term applied to the restoration to health after disease. Convallamarin {kon-val-am f -ar-in) [conval- lis, a valley; amarus, bitter], C 23 H 44 0, 5 A glucosid derived from Convallaria. See Convallaria majalis. Convallaria {kon-val-a* ' -re-ah) [convallis, a valley]. A genus of liliaceous plants. C majalis, lily of the valley. All parts o the plant are used in medicine. Its proper ties are due to convallarin, C 34 H 62 O n , and convallamarin, C 23 H 4+ 12 , glucosids. It is a cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant. C, Ext., soluble in water. Dose gr. ij-x (0.13-0.65). C, Ext., Fid., alcoholic. Dose n\ij-xj (0.13-0.7). C, Infusum, pre- pared with three times its weight of water. Dose f J| ss-ij (16.0-64.0). Convallamarin, or Convallamarinum, is soluble in water. Dose gr. i^-ij (0.016-0.13). All unof. Convallarin {kon-val' '-ar-in) [convallis, a CONVECTION COPPER valley], C 34 H 62 O n . A crystalline purgative glucosid derived from Convallaria. Convection [kon-vek' -shun) \convehere, to carry together] . A transmission or carrying, as of heat or electricity. C. -current, a cur- rent of a liquid or gas heated to a tempera- ture above that of the surrounding medium ; it rises to the surface because of its lesser density and thus the entire fluid or gas acquires the same temperature. Convergence {kon-ver'-jens) \_cum, together ; vergere, to incline]. Inclination or direction toward a common point, center, or focus, as of the axes of vision upon the near-point. C. -stimulus Adduction, the power of ad- duction of the eyes provoked by fixation of the gaze upon an object placed at the near-point. Convergent {kon-ver* '-jent) [cum, together ; vergere, to incline]. Tending to a common center. C. Strabismus. See Strabismus. Convex (kon-veks f ) \_convexus, vaulted]. Having a surface approximating more or less a part of the surface of a sphere. Convexity [kon - veks'- it - e) \convexus , con- vex], A surface rounding outward; the quality of being convex. Convexoconcave [kon-veks' '-o-kon-kdv). See Lens. Convolution {kon-vo-lu* -shun) \_convolvere, to roll together]. A fold, twist, or coil of any organ, especially any one of the promi- nent convex parts of the brain, separated from each other by depressions or sulci. C, An- gular, the posterior part of a convolution situated between the intraparietal fissure in front and above, and the horizontal limb of the Sylvian fissure, and the hinder part of the first part of the first temporal fissure below. The anterior part is called the supramarginal convolution. C, Annectant, small con- volutions which connect the occipital with the temporosphenoidal and parietal lobes. C, Anterior Central, C, Ascending Frontal, the convolution in front of the fissure of Rolando. C, Ascending Parie- tal, the convolution just behind the fissure of Rolando. C, Broca's, the inferior or third frontal convolution. C, Forni- cate, a long convolution on the mesial surface of the brain above the corpus callo- sum. C, Frontal, the convolutions of the frontal lobe. C, Hippocampal, the part of the fornicate convolution that winds around the splenium of the corpus callosum. C, In- sular, the small convolutions composing the island of Reil. C, Marginal, the me- sial surface of the first frontal convolution. C, Occipital, the convolutions making up the occipital lobe. C, Paracentral, a convolution on the mesial surface of the brain, representing the junction of the upper ends of the ascending frontal and ascending parie- 15 tal convolutions. C, Parietal, the con- volutions of the parietal lobe. C, Posterior Central. See C, Ascending Parietal. C, Supramarginal. See C. , Angular. C, Temporal, the convolutions of the tem- poral lobe. C, Uncinate, the hook-like termination of the fornicate convolution. Convolvulin {kon-voP '-vu-lin) \convolvere, to roll together], C 31 H 50 O 16 . A glucosid derived from the roots of Jalap {Convolvulus purga). It is a gummy mass, with active purgative properties. Convulsant (kon-vul' -sant) \_convellere , to convulse]. A medicine that causes convul- sions. Convulsion (kon-vuV -shun) \convellere, to convulse]. An involuntary general paroxysm of muscular contraction. It is either tonic (without relaxation) or clonic (having alter- nate contractions of opposite groups of mus- cles). C, Epileptiform, one characterized by total loss of consciousness. C, Hysteric, one due to hysteria. Consciousness is only apparently lost. C, Tetanic, general tonic convulsions without loss of consciousness. C, Uremic, one that occurs in kidney dis- ease due to retention in the blood of matters that should be eliminated by the kidney. Coordination {ko-or-din-a' '-shun) \_cum, to- gether ; ordinare, to regulate]. The har- monious activity and proper sequence of operation of those parts that cooperate in the performance of any function. Copaiba [ko-pa r -e-bah) [Sp.]. Balsam of Copaiba. The oleoresin of Copaifera offi- cinalis, C. coriacea, C. guianensis, C. midti- j'uga, C. cordifolia, C. laxa, C. nitida, C. oblongifolia, and C. langsdorffii, leguminous trees, native to South America. It is a stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an ex- pectorant, and is much used in gonorrhea. C, Massa, copaiba 94, magnesia 6 parts. Dose gr. x-^j (0.65-4.0). C, Mist., Comp., Lafayette's mixture, unof., copaiba ^ vij, oil of cubebs 3 j , glyceritum vitelli 3 vij ; triturate and add syr. aq. menth. piperit. ^ iiss ; then add, with constant stirring, liq. potass, ^ss, tinct. cardamom comp. ^ij, spt. aether, nitrosi, ^ss, aq. menth. piperit. q. s. to make 25 viij. Dose f 3 j-f ,23 ss (4.0-16.0). C, Oleum. Dose n\x-xv (0.65-1.0). C, Resina, mainly copaibic acid. Dose gr. j-v (0.065^.30). Copiopia {kop-i-o' '-pe-ali) [/cottoc, a straining ; cji/>, eye]. Eye-strain ; weariness of the eyes. C. hysterica, a term applied to those symptoms that indicate hyperesthesia of the fifth and optic nerves. Copper {kop f -er) [ME., coper, copper]. Cup- rum. A reddish-brown metal existing in nature chiefly in the form of copper pyrites, which is a double salt of copper and iron COPPERAS CORN sulphid. Various salts are used in medicine. In toxic doses they are gastrointestinal irri- tants. In therapeutic doses they are used as astringents in inflammation of mucous mem- branes. They are also employed as emetics, and, externally, as caustics. See Elements, Table of. C. Acetate, Cu(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 , ver- digris, used in pulmonary diseases, and as a lotion in skin-diseases. Dose gr. yo-~¥ (0.0065-0.016). C. Acetoarsenite, Paris Green, used as a pigment and an insecticide. C. Ammoniate, unof. , ammonium carbon- ate 3, copper sulphate 4 parts, useful in chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose gr. i/£-j (0.01- 0.065). C- Arsenite, a salt valuable in in- testinal diseases. Dose gr. j^ (0.00065). C. Nitrate (B. P.), Cu(N0 3 )3H 2 0, is used for the same purposes as the sulphate. C. sulphate, CuS0 4 .5H 2 0, soluble in water, valuable as an emetic, tonic and astringent. Dose, as an emetic, gr. ij-v (0.13-0.32), as a tonic, gr. l /6~Y (0.01-0.032). C. Amalgam, a metallic filling-material com- posed of copper and mercury. C.-nose. Synonym of Acne rosacea. Copperas (kop ; -er-as) [cupri rosa, rose of copper (?) j. A common name for ferrous sulphate. Copremia (hop - re ; - me - ah) [noirpog, dung ; aijua, blood]. A form of general blood pois- oning arising from chronic constipation. The symptoms are anemia, sallow complexion, anorexia, frontal headache, vertigo, nausea, flatulence, thirst, fetid breath, lassitude, hy- pochondriasis, and irritability of temper. Coprolalia (kop-ro-la' '-le-ah) [nowpog, filth ; ?a?ad, speech]. The use of filthy and offen- sive language as a manifestation of disease. Coprolith (kop f - ro - lith) [norcpog, dung; Tiidog, stone]. A hard mass of fecal matter in the bowels. Coprophagy (kop-roff -a-je) [norrpog, dung ; (payelv, to eat] . The eating of dung, a symp- tom seen in insane 1 and hysteric patients. Coprostasis (kop-ros' '-tas-is) [norcpog, dung ; crdaig, a standing]. The accumulation of fecal matter in the bowel. Coptis (kop r -tis) [kotttzlv, to cut]. Gold- thread. The root of C. trifolia, a simple bitter tonic resembling quassia. It contains coptin, an alkaloid closely allied to berberin. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Copulation (kop - u - la / - shun) [copulare, to couple]. The act of sexual intercourse. Cor (/cor) [L.: gen., cordis~\. The heart. See Heart. C. adiposum, a heart with a simple excess of the normal subpericardial fat. C. bovinum. See Bovine Heart. C. villosum, hairy heart ; the peculiar shaggy appearance presented by the heart in acute plastic peri- carditis, with the deposited fibrin existing in long: shreds. Coraco- [kor'-ak-o-) [nopal;, a crow]. Per- taining to the coracoid process. C.-Brach- ialis. See Muscles, Table of. Coracoid (kor'-ak-oid) [nopal;, a crow ; slcJog, likeness]. I. Having the shape of a crow's beak. 2. The coracoid process. C. Liga- ment, a triangular ligament joining the cora- coid process to the acromion. C. Process, a beak-shaped process of the scapula. Cord [chorda, a string]. I. Any string-like body. 2. Used as a synonym for the Umbilical Cord, the vascular, cord-like structure con- necting the placenta and fetus. C, False or Superior (vocal), a fold of mucous mem- brane on either side of the middle line of the larynx, inclosing the superior thyroarytenoid ligament. C, Presentation of, descent of the umbilical cord between the presenting part and the membranes, at the beginning of labor. C, Prolapse of, descent of the um- bilical cord at the rupture of the bag of waters; incomplete, if remaining in the vagina, complete, if protruding therefrom. C, Spinal. See Spinal Cord. C, True Vocal; C, Vocal. See Vocal Band. Cordial (kor f -jal) [cor, the heart]. 1. Per- taining to the heart ; exhilarant ; stimulant. 2. An aromatic, spirituous stimulant. Core (/cor) [cor, heart]. The central slough of a boil or carbuncle. Corectopia (kor-ek-to' '-pe-ah) [noprj, pupil ; eKTOTrog, misplaced]. An anomalous position of the pupil ; displacement of the pupil. Coredialysis (ko-re-di-aV -is-is) [nopr/, pupil ; (haXvttv, to liberate]. The production of an artificial pupil at the ciliary border of the iris. Corelysis (kor-el' '-is-is) [nop??, pupil ; /Jaig, a loosening]. The detachment of iritic adhe- sions to the lens, or to the cornea. Coremorphosis (kor - e - mor -fo ; - sis) [nop?], pupil; /uop(pcjoig, formation]. The opera- tion for establishing an artificial pupil. Coreometer (kor-e-om ; -et-er) [nopr], pupil ; jLierpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the pupil of the eye. Coriander, or Coriandrum (ko-re-an f -der, ko-re-an' '-drum) [nopiavvov , coriander]. Co- riander. The fruit of C. sativum, an aromatic, carminative, and stimulant, used mainly to give flavor to other remedies and as a correc- tive to griping purgatives. Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-1.3). C, Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose nxij-v (0.13-0.32). Corium (ko> '-re-tim) [L., leather]. The deep layer of the skin. Corm (korm) [nop/uog, the trunk of a tree]. The bulbous underground part of certain plants, as the crocus. Corn [cornu, horn]. A local induration and thickening of the skin from friction or pres- sure. See Clavus. C.-silk. See Zea Mays. CORNEA CORPUSCLE C.-smut. See Ustilago. C. -starch, the commercial name of a starch derived from maize, and extensively used as an article of food, especially for invalids. Cornea \kor f -ne-ah) [corneus, horny]. The transparent anterior portion of the eyeball, its area occupying about one-sixth the cir- cumference of the globe. It is continuous with the sclerotic, and is nourished by lymph from the looped blood-vessels at its periph- eral border. C, Conic. See Keratoglobus. C, Transplantation of, the operation of en- grafting a section of transparent cornea from some animal into the space of an excised portion of human cornea. Corneal (hor'-ne-al) [corneus, horny]. Re- lating to the cornea. Corneitis (Jzor-ne-i'-tis). See Keratitis. Corneous {kor f -ne-us) [corneus, horny] . Horny, or horn-like. C. Tissue, the sub- stance of the nails. Corniculum (kor-nik' ' -u-luni) [comicula, a. little horn]. A small cornu or horn -like pro- cess. Cornification {kor-nif-ik-a' 'shun) [corneus, horny ; facere, to make]. The process of hardening or making horny. Cornu {kor'-nii) [L.]. A horn. A name applied to any excrescence resembling a horn. C. ammonis, the hippocampus major of the brain. C. cervi, hartshorn or ammo- nium hydroxid. C. cutaneum, cornu huma- num, a horn -like excrescence arising from the skin. Cornual [kor'-nu-al') [cornu, a horn]. Re- lating to a cornu. C. Myelitis, myelitis affecting the anterior cornua of the spinal cord. Cornus [kor'-nus) [L.]. Dogwood. The bark of the root of C. Jlorida, the properties of which are due to a crystalline principle, cornin. It is a simple stomachic bitter and slightly antiperiodic. C, Ext. Fid. Dose m_x-f3J (0.65-4.0).. Corona [ko-ro f -nah) [corona, a garland]. A crown. C. glandis, the ridge of the glans penis. C. radiata, a radiating mass of white nerve-fibers ascending from the internal capsule to the cortex cerebri. C. veneris, a circle of syphilitic blotches occurring on the forehead. Coronal (kor-o'-nal) [corona, the crown]. Encircling like a crown ; pertaining to the crown of the head. C. Suture, the suture joining the frontal with the two parietal bones. Coronary {kor f -o-na-re) [corona, a crown]. A term applied to vessels, nerves, or attach- ments that encircle a part or organ. Coroner (kor f -o-ner)[corona, a crown]. An officer who inquires by authority of the law into the causes of sudden or violent deaths. C, Inquest of, the legal inquiry before a jury into the cause of a sudden or violent death. Coronoid {kor f -o-noid) [corona, crown ; eMoc, likeness]. Crown-shaped ; as the C. pro- cess of the ulna or of the jaw. Corpora {kor f -por-ah) [pi. of corpus, a body]. A general term applied to certain parts of the body having a rounded or oval shape. C. albicantia, two white masses in the in- terpeduncular space at the base of the brain, the projections of the anterior pillars of the fornix. C. geniculata, two small eminences projecting from the optic thalami. C. quad- rigemina, the optic lobes of the brain, the four rounded eminences situated under the corpus callosum. The anterior pair are called the nates, and the posterior, the testes. Corpulency {kor' ' -pu-len-se) [corpulentus, corpulent]. Obesity; fatness of the body. Corpus {kor' ' -pus) [corpus, a body : pi. , Cor- pora^. A body; the human body. C. Arantii, the fibrous tubercle in the center of each segment of the semilunar valves. C. callosum, the broad band of white matter uniting the hemispheres of the cerebrum. C. dentatum. I. See Olivary Body. 2. The central folded gray nucleus of the cere- bellum. C. highmorianum. See High- more ', Body of. C. fimbriatum, the lateral thin edge of the taenia hippocampi. C. luteum, the yellow body formed in the ovary in the site of a Graafian vesicle after the es- cape of the ovum. C. luteum, False, that re- sulting when pregnancy does not occur, called also the C. L. of Menstruation. C. luteum, True, that resulting when pregnancy takes place, called also the C. L. of Pregnancy. C. spongiosum, the spongy part of the penis encircling the urethra. C. striatum, a mass of gray matter extending into the lateral ventricles of the brain and composed of the caudate and lenticular nuclei. Corpuscle (kor'-pus-l) [dim. of corpus\ A small body or particle. C, Bizzozero's. See Blood-platelets. C, Red, of Blood, bi- concave, non-nucleated discs, circular in out- line, and containing red coloring-matter, termed hemoglobin, to which the color of the blood is due. Red corpuscles have been divided, according to their size, into normo- cytes (normal in size), megalocytes (of ex- cessive size), microcytes (abnormally small), and poikilocytes (of irregular shape and size). The red corpuscles in the blood of man are about -32V0 m - m diameter and 1 2 \^ ft in. thick, and their number is about five millions to each cubic millimeter of blood. They con- sist of a colorless stroma infiltrated with the coloring-matter (hemoglobin). C, White or colorless, flattened cells, about jj 1 ^ in. in diameter, existing in the ratio of I : 5 00 compared with red corpuscles. Their protoplasm is granular, they have one or more nuclei and no cell-wall. They pos- CORPUSCULAR COTYLOID sess contractile power and alter their shape readily. The colorless corpuscles are vari- ously designated as eosinophile, basophile, neutrophile, mononuclear, polynuclear, lym- phocytes, transitional, large, small, etc. C. of Donne. See Colostrum-corpuscles. C, Malpighian, of the spleen, a name applied to the lymphoid nodules of the spleen. C, Malpighian, of tne kidney, the tuft of blood- vessels surrounded by the expanded portion of the uriniferous tubule, the capsule of Bow- man. C, Norris's Invisible, colorless, transparent, biconcave discs of the same size as the red corpuscles, invisible in the serum be- cause their color and refractive index are the same as those of the liquor sanguinis. C, Pacinian, certain small corpuscles occurring in the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the fin- gers and toes. They consist of concentric lamellae of connective tissue surrounding the termination of a sensory nerve. C, Tactile, of Wagner, the small, oval bodies found in the papillae of the skin and enveloped by nerve- fibers. Corpuscular [kor-pus' '-£u-lar) \_corpusculum, a little body]. Relating to or of the nature of a corpuscle. Correctant, or Corrective (kor-ek f -tant, kor- ek f -tiv) \_corrigere , to correct]. I. Modify- ing favorably. 2. A substance used to modify or make more pleasant the action of a purga- tive or other remedy. Corrigan's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. C. Pulse, water-hammer pulse. The jerking pulse of aortic regurgitation. Corrigent (kor'-ij-ent). See Corrective . Corrosion (Jtor-o' '-zhuri) [cum, together ; ro- dere, to gnaw] . The process of corroding, or the state of being corroded. C. -anatomy, that branch of anatomy which demonstrates an anatomic specimen by means of a corrosive process that eats away those parts which it is not desired to preserve. In some cases a resisting-substance is injected, so as to pre- serve the vessels and ducts from corrosion. C. -preparation, one in which the vessels, ducts, or cavities of organs are filled by a fluid that will harden and preserve the shape of the vessel or cavity after the organ itself is corroded or digested or otherwise destroyed. Corrosive (kor-o / -siv) [cum, together; rodere, to gnaw]. I. Eating away. 2. A substance that destroys organic tissue either by direct chemic means or by causing inflammation and suppuration. C. Chlorid, C. Sub- limate, mercuric chlorid. See Hydrargyritm. Corrugator (kor'- u- ga - tor) [corrtcgere, to wrinkle]. That which wrinkles. See Mus- cles, Table of. Cortex (Jcor' -teks) [L. , bark]. I. The bark of an exogenous plant. 2. The surface- layer of an organ. C. aurantii, orange-peel. C. cerebri, the external layer of gray mat- ter of the brain. C. renalis, the cortical substance of the kidney. Cortical (kor> ' -tik-al) {cortex, bark]. Per- taining to the cortex or bark, or to the cortex of the brain, or of the kidney. C. Epilepsy, C. Paralysis, such as is due to a lesion of the cortical substance of the brain. Coryza (kor-i'-zah) \_nopvc-, nopvi^a, the head]. Catarrh of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages and adjacent sinuses, popularly called "cold in the head." See Rhinitis. Cosaprin {kos-af-rin\ C 6 H 4 <^|^ c a _ CH ^ A sulphoderivative of acetanilid ; it is a whit- ish-gray powder with a slightly saline taste, freely soluble in water. It is used as an anti- pyretic instead of acetanilid. Dose 5-8 grains, 3 times daily. Cosmetic (kos-met'-ik) [Koa/jyrcKog, noo/ueeiv, to adorn]. 1. Beautifying. 2. A remedy designed to hide defects of the skin or other external parts. C. Operation, a surgical operation to give a natural appearance to a defective or unsightly part. Cosmolin (koz'-mo-lin). See Petrolatum. Costa (kos-tah) [L.]. A rib. Costal (kos'-tal) \_costa, a rib]. Pertaining to the ribs. C. Arch, the arch of the ribs. C. Cartilages, the 12 cartilaginous exten- sions of the ribs. Costive (kos'-tiv) \constipare, to be bound]. Constipated. Costiveness (kos' '-tiv-ness) [constipare, to be bound]. Constipation. Costotome (kos'-to-tom) [casta, rib ; rojuog, cutting]. A strong knife or heavy shears with the under blade in the shape of a hook, for cutting the costal cartilages in dissection, etc. Coto (ko r -to) [Sp., a cubit]. Coto bark. The bark of a tree native to Bolivia. It con- tains a bitter principle, cotoin, C 22 H 18 6 , irri- tant to the skin and mucous membranes. It is recommended for diarrhea and zymotic fevers, and for the night-sweats of pulmonary tubercu- losis. Dose of the powder, gr. j-xv (0.065- I.o); of the fluid extract, gtt. v-xv (0.32-1.0); of the tincture (1 in 10), gtt. x-xxx (0.65- 2.0) ; of cotoin, gr. ss-j (0.032-0.065). Cotton (kot'-n) [Arab, qutun, cotton]. Gos- sypium, a white fibrous seed-hair that envelops the seeds of the cotton-plant. C, Absorbent, cotton so prepared that it readily absorbs water. C.-root. See Gossypinm. C- seed Oil or C.-oil, oleum gossypii seminis, an oil obtained by pressure from the hulled seeds of several species of Gossvpium.- Cotyledon (/cot -il '- e / - don) [Korv?,r/66v, a socket]. Any one of the enlarged, vascular villi of the chorion which project into depres- sions of the decidua vera. Cotyloid (kot> '-il-oid) [kotvatj, a cup ; eldoc, COUCH-GRASS CRANIECTOMY form]. Cup-shape. C. Fossa, or Cavity, the acetabulum. C. Ligament, a ligament surrounding the acetabulum. C. Notch, a notch in the anterior and lower border of the acetabulum. Couch-grass (kowch* '-gras) . See Triticum. Couching (kowch f -ing) [Fr., coucher, to de- press]. The operation, now fallen into dis- use, of depressing a cataractous lens into the vitreous chamber, where it was left to be ab- sorbed. Cough {kof) [ME., cough, a cough]. A sudden, violent expulsion of air after deep inspiration and closure of the glottis. C, Dry, that unattended by expectoration. C, Ear-, cough excited reflexly from some mor- bid condition of the ear. C, Moist, cough with free expectoration. C, Reflex, cough produced by irritation of a remote organ, as C. , Ear, and C, Stomach. C, Stomach-. See C. , Reflex. C, Winter-, a short trou- blesome cough of old people due to chronic bronchitis, and recurring every winter. Coulomb {Jzoo-lom') [after Coulomb, a French physicist]. The unit of measurement of electric quantity ; the quantity of electricity that passes during one second through a con- ductor having a resistance of one ohm, with one volt of electromotive force. The micro - coulomb is the millionth part of this amount. Coumarin {koo f -mar-in), C 9 H 6 2 . A vege- table proximate principle that occurs in As- perula odorata, in the Tonka bean, and in Melilotus officinalis. It conceals the odor of iodoform. Unof. Counterextension {Jzown' ' -ter-eks-ten-shun) . See Extension. Counterindication {kown f - ter - in - dik - a - shun). See Contraindication. Counterirritation {kown f - ter - ir -it -a- shun) [contra, against; irritare, to irritate]. Su- perficial inflammation produced artificially, in order to exercise a good effect upon some adjacent or deep-seated morbid process. Counteropening {kown r - ter - o -pen - ing) [contra, against; AS., open, open]. An incision made in an abscess or cavity, opposite to another, generally for purposes of drainage. Counterpoison (kown f -ter-poi-zn) [contra, against ; potio, a drink] . A poison given as an antidote to another poison. Counterstroke (Jzozun' '-ter-strok). See Con- tre-coup. Coup de soleil {koo-duh-so-lay f ) [Fr.]. Sun- stroke. Court-plaster (hort'-p'as-ter). See Ichthyo- colla. Cover (kuv'-er) [cum, together ; operire, to shut]. C. -glass, in microscopy, the thin slip of glass covering the object mounted on the slide. Cowage [kow'-aj) [Hind., kawanch, cow- hage]. The external hairs of the pod of Mucuna pruriens , used in medicine as a me- chanic vermifuge. Cowhage, Cowitch (kow'-aj, kow'-ich) . See Mucuna and Cowage. Cowperitis [kow-per-i'-tis) [Coivper, an En- glish anatomist; trig, inflammation]. In- flammation of the glands of Cowper, usually gonorrheal in origin. Cow-pock, a variety of pock seen in the cow, and thought to correspond with smallpox in man. Coxa (koks'-ah) [coxa, hip]. The hip-joint or the hip. C. vara, bending or twisting of the neck of the femur. Coxalgia {koks-aV-je-ah)[coxa, a hip; alyog, pain]. Literally pain in the hip-joint, but generally used synonymously with hip-disease. Coxalgic [koks-aV -jik) [coxa, the hip ; akyoq, pain]. Relating to coxalgia. Coxe's Hive-mixture. See Scilla and An- timonium. Coxitis {koks-i' '-tis) [coxa, the hip ; trig, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the hip-joint. Coxofemoral {koks-o-fem* '-or-al) [coxa, the hip ; femur, the thigh-bone] . Relating to the hip and the femur, as the C. joint, the hip-joint. Crab-louse [krab' '-lows) . See Pediculus. Crab's-eyes {krabz f -lz). Flat, calcareous concretions [Lapides cancrorum) derived from the stomach of the crab ; they have been used as a means of removing foreign bodies from the eye. Also a name for the seeds of Abrus precatorius. Cracked-pot Sound. A peculiar sound elic- ited by percussion over a pulmonary cavity communicating with a bronchus. Cradle (kra'-dl) [AS., cradol, a cradle]. In surgery, a wire or wicker-frame so arranged as to keep the weight of the bed-clothing from an injured part of the body. It is em- ployed in the treatment of fractures, wounds, etc. C, Ice-, the suspension over a febrile patient, by means of iron frames, of a num- ber of buckets, kept half-filled with ice, and enclosed in a light covering. Cramp (hramp) [Teut., kramp\ A spas- modic tonic contraction of a muscle, attended with sharp pain. C, Professional, spasm of certain groups of muscles, from their continuous use in different occupations, as Writer's C, Hammerman's C, Piano- player's C, Dancer's C. , etc. Crane's-bill Root. See Geranium. Cranial {Jira r -ne-al ) [upaviov , the skull] . Re- lating to the cranium. Craniectomy [/era - ne - ek' ' - to - me) [upaviov, skull; EKTOfirj, a cutting out] . The surgical removal of strips or pieces of the cranial bones. 'It is performed in cases of micro- cephaly. CRANIOCLAST CRANIUM Cranioclast {kra' ' -ne-o-klasf) [upaviov, skull ; ulastv, to break]. A heavy forceps for crush- ing the fetal head. Craniology {kra - ne - oV- o -Je) [upavlov, cra- nium ; Aoyoc, science]. A branch of anatomy comprising the study of skulls. Craniometer {kra-ne-om f -et-er) \_npaviov, skull; /nerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the dimensions of the skull. Craniometric, Craniometrical {kra-ne-o- mef-rik, k)'a-ne-o-met' -rik-al) \_npaviov, skull; fiErpov, a measure]. Pertaining to craniometry. C. Point, any one of the points of measurement used in craniometry. A list of the craniometric points is given. Acanthion, a point in the median line of the skull at the base of the nasal spine. Alveolar Point, the point between the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. ANTINION, that point on the glabellum, and in the median line, that is farthest from the inion. Aste- RION, the point behind the ear where the parietal, temporal and occipital bones meet. Auricular Point, the center of the orifice of the external auditory meatus. Basion, the middle point of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. BREGMA, the point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet. Dacryon, or Dakryon, the point beside the root of the nose where the frontal, lacrymal, and superior maxillary bones meet. Entomion, the point where the pari- etal notch of the temporal bone receives the anterior extension of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone. Glabella, or Glabellum, the point in the median line between the super- ciliary arches marked by a swelling, some- times by a depression. Gnathion, same as Mental Point. Gonion, the point at the angle of the lower jaw. Hormion, the an- terior point of the basilar portion of the united sphenooccipital bone, where it is crossed by the median line. Inion, the ex- ternal occipital protuberance. Jugal Point, the point situated at the angle that the poste- rior border of the frontal branch of the malar bone makes with the superior border of its zygomatic branch. Koronion, the apex of the coronoid process of the inferior maxilla. Lambda, the point of meeting of the sagittal and the lambdoid sutures. Malar Point, a point situated on the tubercle on the external surface of the malar bone, or at the intersection of a line drawn from the ex- ternal extremity of the frontomalar suture to the tubercle at the inferior angle of the malar bone and a line drawn nearly horizontally from the inferior border of the orbit over the malar bone to the superior border of the zygomatic arch. Maximum Occipital Point, or Occipital Point, the' posterior extremity of the anteroposterior diameter of the skull, measured from the glabella in front to the most distant point behind. Mental Point, the middle point of the anterior lip of the lower border of the lower jaw. Metopion, or Metopic Point, a point in the middle line between the two frontal emi- nences. Nasion, or Nasal Point, the middle of the frontal suture at the root of the nose. Obelion, the part of the sagittal su- ture between the two parietal foramina. Occipital Point. See Maximum Occipi- tal Point. Ophryon, the middle of the supraorbital line, which, drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separates the face from the cranium. Opisthion, the middle point of the posterior border of the foramen magnum. Prosthion, the alveo- lar point. Pterion, the point where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones come together. Rhinion, the upper median point of the anterior nasal opening. Spinal Point. Same as Subnasal Point. Stephanion, Inferior, the point where the ridge for the temporal muscle intersects the coronal suture. Stephanion, Superior, the point where the coronal suture crosses the temporal ridge. Subnasal Point, the middle of the inferior border of the anterior nares at the base of the nasal spine. SuPRA- auricular Point, the point vertically over the auricular point at the root of the zygo- matic process. Supranasal Point. Same as Ophryon. Supraorbital Point. Same irs Ophryon. Symphysion, the median point of the outer border of the alveolus of the lower jaw. Vertex, the superior point of the skull. In obstetrics, that conic portion of the skull the apex of which is at the pos- terior fontanel and the base of which is formed by the biparietal and trachelobreg- matic diameters. Craniometry {kra - ne - om / - et - re) [upaviov, skull; /nerpov, a measure]. The ascertain- ment of the proportions and measurements of skulls. Craniotabes [kra - ne - o - ta f - bez) [Kpaviov, skull ; tabere, to waste away]. An atrophy of the cranial bones occurring in infancy, with the formation of small, shallow, conic- pits in the bone-substance. Craniotabes results from rhachitis, syphilis, or marasmus. Craniotomy {kra - ne - ot f - o - me) \_Kpaviov, skull ; rofii], a cutting]. The operation of re- ducing the size of the fetal head by cutting or breaking it up, when delivery is otherwise impossible. C, Linear. See Craniectomy. Craniotympanic {kra -ne- o- tim - pan f - ik) \_npaviov, the skull ; tympanuni\ . Pertaining to the skull and the tympanum. Cranium {kra f -ne-um) [Kpaviov, the skull]. The skull. The cavity that contains the brain, its membranes and vessels. CRASSAMENTUM CREST Crassamentum {kras- am- en' - turn) [L., thickness]. A clot, as of blood. Cravat (kra-vaf) [Fr. , cravate\ A" band- age of triangular shape, used as a temporary dressing for a wound or fracture. The mid- dle is applied to the injured part, and the ends are brought around and tied. Cream [kreni) \_cremor, thick juice or broth]. The rich, fat part of milk. C, Cold. See Rosa. C. of Tartar. See Potassium. Crease [kres) \_Celtic\ Aline made by fold- ing. C., Gluteofemoral. See C, Ileo- femoral. C, Ileofemoral, is the crease that bounds the buttock below, correspond- ing nearly to the lower edge of the gluteus maximus muscle. It is of supposed signifi- cance in the diagnosis of hip-disease. Creasol (kre'-as-ol) \_Kpeaq, flesh ; oleum, oil], C 8 H 10 O 2 . One of the principal phenols con- tained in creosote. It is formed from guaia- cum-resin, and is found in beechwood-tar. It is a colorless, oily liquid of an agreeable odor and a burning taste, boiling at 220 C. It is very similar to guaiacol. Creasote [kre'-o-sot). See Creosote. Creatin (kre'-at-in) \_npeaQ, flesh] , C 4 H 9 N 3 2 . A neutral organic substance that occurs in the animal organism, especially in the juice of muscles. Creatinin {kre-af '-in-in) upeag, flesh], C 4 H 7 - N 3 0. An alkaline substance, a normal con- stituent of urine. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and is a strong base. It is much more soluble than creatin. Crede's Method (kra'-da). A method of expelling the placenta by grasping the uterus firmly through the abdominal walls, kneading it to excite contraction, and then pressing downward toward the sacrum. Cremaster {kre-mas' '-ter) [upe/iaecv, to sup- port]. The muscle that draws up the testis. See Muscles, Table of. Cremasteric (kre-mas-ter'-ik) [Kpsjiaeiv, to support]. Pertaining to the cremaster muscle. C. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. Cremation (k re-ma' '-shun) \_cremare, to burn]. The destruction of the body by burning, as distinguished from interment. Cremor [kre' -mor) \cremor, broth] . Cream. Any thick substance formed on the surface of a liquid. C. tartari, cream of tartar. Crenation (kre-na' -shun) \crena, a notch]. A notched or mulberry-like appearance of the red corpuscles of the blood. It is seen when they are exposed to the air or strong saline solutions. Crenothrix [kren' -oth-riks) \_Kprjvr], a spring ; Opit;, hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes the filaments of which are enveloped in a gelatin- ous sheath. Creolin (kre'-o-lin) [/cpeac, flesh ; oleum, oil], A coal-tar product deprived of phenol. It is an antiseptic used especially as a douche in obstetric practice. It has also been used in a solution of 5 : 1000 for irrigation of the bowel in dysentery and enterocolitis. Creosote, or Creosotum [kre'-os-ot, o'-tum) [/cpmc, flesh ; au^eiv, to preserve] . The pro- duct of the distillation of wood-tar, consisting of a mixture of phenol-compounds. It is an inflammable oily liquid, differing in this respect from phenol. It does not coagu- late albumin or collodion. Most of the commercial creosote consists of phenol or contains a large percentage of it. It is valuable for its antiseptic, astringent, styp- tic, anesthetic, and escharotic properties. It is used extensively in pulmonary tuberculosis. Doseff\J-iij (0.065-0.2). Beechwood Creo- sote is best for internal use. Dosert\J (0.065). C, Aqua, a one per cent, solution. Dose f.5J-iv (4.0-16.0). C, Mistura (B.P.). Dose f.^j-ij (4.0-8.0). C, Unguentum (B.P.), for local application. C, Vapor (B.P.), for inhalation. Crepitant (krep ' ' - it - ant) \_crepitare , to crackle]. Possessing the character of crepi- tus. C. Rale. See Rale and Breath-sounds. Crepitation, Crepitus {krep - it - a'- shun, krep' '-it-tis) \_crepitare, to crackle]. The grating of fractured bones. The crackling of the joints. The noise produced by pressure upon tissues containing an abnormal amount of air or gas, as in cellular emphysema. Also the sound heard at the end of inspiration in the first stage of croupous pneumonia. It closely resembles the sound produced by rub- bing the hair between the fingers held close to the ear. C, Redux, a crepitant rale heard in pneumonia during the stage of resolution ; usually the first manifestation of the recession of the disease. Crescent (kres' '-ent) [crescere, to grow]. I Sickle-shaped, or shaped like the new moon. 2. A name given to one form of the malarial hematozoon. C. of Gianuzzi, groups of deeply staining cells in the acinus of a gland, pushed to one side by the secreting cells, and probably representing exhausted cells. C. Myopic. See Myopia.. Cresol (kre'-sol) [upecu;, flesh ; oleum, oil], C 4 H 8 2 . Cresylic acid ; a body obtained from the distillation of coal-tar. It is a colorless, caustic liquid, with properties similar to those of phenol, but is superior as an antiseptic. Unof. Crest (krest) \_crista, a crest]. A ridge or linear prominence, especially of bone. C, Frontal, a ridge along the middle line of the internal surface of the frontal bone. C. of Ilium, the thickened and expanded upper border of the ilium. C. , Lacrymal, a vertical ridge dividing the external surface of the lacrymal bone into two parts. C, Nasal, CRETA CROUP a crest on the internal border of the nasal bone and forming part of the septum of the nose. C, Occipital, a vertical ridge on the external surface of the occipital bone extending from the occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum. C. of Pubes, a crest extending from the spine to the inner extremity of the pubes. C. of Tibia, the prominent border or ridge on the front of the tibia ; the shin. C, Turbinated, a promin- ent horizontal ridge on the internal surface of the palate bone. Creta (kre'-tah) [L.]. Chalk. Native cal- cium carbonate. C, Mistura, consists of C. , pulv. cretze. comp. 20, cinnamon-water 40, water 40. It is used in diarrhea. Dosef^ss (16.0). C. preparata, chalk freed from im- purities by washing. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32— 1.3). C, Pulv., Aromat. (B. P.). Dose gr. x-gj (0.65-4.0). C, Pulv., Comp., com- pound chalk-powder, consists of C. prep. 30, acacia 20, sugar 50. Dose gr. v— 3J (0.32- 4.0). C, Trochisci, each contains prepared chalk gr. iv, acacia gr. j, sugar gr. vj, with a little nutmeg. Cretin (kre'-Hn) [Fr., cretin, a simple-minded person]. A person affected with cretinism. Cretinism {kre> '-tin-izni) [Fr. , cretin, 2l sim- ple-minded person]. A congenital disease, characterized by absence of the thyroid gland, diminutiveness of size, thickness of neck, shortness of arms and legs, prominence of abdomen, large size of face, thickness of lips, large and protruding tongue, and imbecility or idiocy. It occurs endemically in the goitrous districts of Switzerland, and spo- radically in other parts of Europe and in America. Lack of the secretion of the thy- roid gland seems to be the cause. Cretinoid {kre' -tm-oid) [cretin, a simple- minded person]. I. Resembling a cretin; resembling cretinism. 2. A person who re- sembles a cretin. C. State, the morbid state presented by a sufferer from cretinism ; cretinism. Cribriform (h rib' -re-form) \cribrum, a sieve ; forma, form]. Perforated like a sieve, as the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Crico- (kri'-ko-) [npinoq, a ring]. A prefix denoting connection with the cricoid cartilage. Cricoid (kri'- koid ) \_Kpinoc, a ring ; eidoc, form]. Ring-shaped. C. Cartilage, the ring-shaped cartilage of the larynx. Cricothyroid {kri-co-thi' -roid) [npiiiog, a ring; dvpeoeidqc, shield-shaped]. Pertaining to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. C. Artery, a small branch of the superior thyroid, cross- ing the cricothyroid membrane. C. Mem- brane, a ligamentous membrane that lies between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. C. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Crisis (kri'-sis) \_npioic, a decisive point] . A turning-point, as that of a disease, fever, especially the sudden favorable termination of the acute symptoms of an infectious disease. C, Gastric, attacks of intense, paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, often at- tended with vomiting. They occur in loco- motor ataxia. Crista {kris'-tali) [L.]. Crest. C. acus- tica, a yellow elevation projecting into the equator of the ampulla of the ear. C. galli, cock's crest, the superior triangular process of the ethmoid bone. Crith {kritli) \_Kpidrj, barleycorn]. The as- sumed unit of mass for gases. It is the weight of one liter of hydrogen, which is .0896 of a gram or 1. 37 grains. Critical {krit'-ik-al) [jipicig, a decisive point]. Pertaining to a crisis. Crocus (kro'-ktts) [/cpd/coc, crocus, saffron]. Saffron. The stigmata of the flowers of C. sativus. It is an aromatic stimulant, em- menagogue, and antispasmodic. C, Tinct., 10 per cent, in strength. Dose f.^j-ij (4.0- 8.0) ; of the drug, gr. v-xx (0.32-I.3), in infusion. Cross-birth. Shoulder-presentation, or other presentation requiring version. C.-eye. See Strabismus. C. -legged Progression, a method of walking in which one foot gets over or in front of the other. Crossed (krosd) [crux, a cross]. Having the shape of a cross. Affecting alternate sides of the body. C. Anesthesia. See Anesthesia. C. Hemiplegia. See C. Paralysis. C. Paralysis. See Paralysis. C. Reflexes, reflex movements on one side of the body excited by stimulation of a part on the opposite side. Crotchet (kroch'-et) [ME., crochett, a little hook]. A hook used in extracting the fetus after craniotomy. Croton (kro r -toii) [/cpdrwv, a tick]. A great genus of euphorbiaceous plants. C. eleu- teria, yields cascarilla. C. tiglium. See Tiglium. C. Chloral. See Chloral buty- licum. C. Oil. See Tiglium. Croup (kroop) [AS., kropan, to cry aloud]. Membranous croup ; pseudomembranous croup ; true croup ; a disease of the larynx and trachea of children, prominent symp- toms of which are a harsh " croupy " cough, and difficulty in breathing ; it is often accom- panied by the development of a membranous deposit or exudate upon the parts. It is usually caused by the diphtheria-bacillus, sometimes by other microorganisms. C, Catarrhal, a simple non-contagious inflam- mation of the larynx accompanied by the form- ation of membrane. C, False, a spasm of the muscles of the larynx with a slight inflammation. C, Spasmodic. See C, False. CRUCIAL CUL-DE-SAC Crucial (kru'-shal') [crux, a cross]. Re- sembling or pertaining to a cross, as a crucial incision. Crura [kru f -rah) [plural of crus, a leg]. See Crus. Crural (kru'-ral) \_crus, a leg]. Pertaining to the thigh. C. Arch. See Ligament. C. Hernia, femoral hernia. C. Ring, the femoral ring ; the upper opening of the fem- oral canal, bounded in front by Poupart's ligament and the deep crural arch, behind by the pubis, internally by Gimbernat's ligament, externally by a fibrous band separating it from the femoral vein. Crureus [kru f -re-us] [L.]. One of the mus- cles of the thigh. Crus (krus) [L.]. A leg, limb, or support. C. cerebelli, any one of the cerebellar pe- duncles. C. cerebri, either of the two peduncles connecting the cerebrum with the pons. C. of the Diaphragm, either of the two fibromuscular bands arising in front of the vertebrae and inserted into the central tendon of the diaphragm. C. of the Penis, the corpus cavernosum. Crusocreatinin {kru-so-kre-af '-in-in), C 5 H 8 - N 4 0. A leukomain, isolated from muscle- tissue. Crust [krust) [crusta~\. A covering, espe- cially a dried exudate on the skin. Crusta {krus' -tah) [L. a crust]. The infe- rior portion of the crus cerebri. C. pe- trosa, a thin layer of bone covering the fang of a tooth. C. phlogistica, the yellow- ish layer of the upper stratum of a blood-clot coagulating slowly. Crutch-paralysis. Paralysis of an upper extremity due to the pressure of the crutch- head upon the nerves of the axilla, especially the musculospiral nerve. Cruveilhier's Disease. See Diseases, Table of- Crypt (kript) [upvTTTog, hidden]. A small sac or follicle. Crypts of Lieberkiihn, minute tubular depressions of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. Cryptocephalus {krip-to-sef ' -al-us) [upvirroq, hidden; K£