fA^f^^y*' HE Al'J^^ f^)kr^^-i BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE: ITS PAST AND PRESENT, A TRIBUTE OF THE ALUMNI. (The figures after each name refer to the page containing biograpliical sketch.) E III rOK-IN-rillEF : John Walter Wayland, Graduate Student, University of Virtrinia. (107) ASSOCIATE EIllTDUS: ' James Carson Miller, Secretaiy District Mission Board, Second District of Virginia. (92) Efpie Showalter Lono, Missionary, Anlclesvar, India. (176) Isaac Newton Harvey Beahm, President of Elizabethtown College, Penn. (97) Eugene Morgan Crouch, President of Manchester College, Indiana. (9.5) John Samuel Plorv, Assistant in Englisli Literature, University of Virginia. (105) Perry Braxton Pitzwater, Pastor and Bible Lecturer, Royersford, Pa. (167) Weldon Thomas Myers, Professor of Latin and Greek, Bridgewater College. (118) Edward Frantz, President of McPherson College, Kansas. (99) Justus Henry Cline, Professor of History and Moral Sciences, Bridge- water College. (120) David Newton Eller, President of Botetourt Normal College, Vir- ginia. (144). BVtilSESS MA XA CEIi : Jacob Aaron Garber, Student of Boston University and Emerson College of Oratory. (115) PRINTED BY THE BRETHREN PUBLISHING HOUSE, Elgin, III., U. S. A., 1905. V 7^' ^ ^ « To ' THE ALMA MATER: The Men who Iiave Founded and Fostered Her; The Men and Women Who now are Living for the Future in Giving to Her Needs; Her Teachers, who have Lived in Hope and Labored with Patience The Boys and Girls who have Carried her Name into the Great World of Work; The Boys and Girls who now Throng her Halls; The Boys and Girls who shall Crown her Joy in The Coming Years; The Boys and Girls who have Said to Her their Last Farewell; Who have Answered the Last Long Call; and who now, beyond our Ken and Vision, Await our Coming: This Volume is Lovingly Dedicated. OOIsTTEIsTTS. CHAPTER I. Introduction, 5 CHAPTER II. Historical Sketch, , 8 CHAPTER III. Religious Life in General 41 CHAPTER IV. [Mission Work in Particular 46 CHAPTER V. The Literary Societies and their Work, 55 CHAPTER VI. " Little 'Sla.g " and Her Kindred, 59 CHAPTER VII. The Alumni Association and Its Aims, 66 CHAPTER VIII. Social Phases and the " Co-Ed " Problem, 73 CHAPTER IX. The •■ Physical Phase." 78 CHAPTER X. Teachers and Professors, 85 CHAPTER XI. Other Benefactors of the College. 124 CHAPTER XII, The Classes : 1886-1904. 142 CHAPTER XIII. Others that the College has Helped, 203 CHAPTER XIV. ■■ The Open Door." 229 CHAPTER XV. The Call of Xeed 235 CHAPTER XVI. Conclusion, 240 APPENDIX. Student Roster and Directory. 244 Advertisements, and Quips from College Quills 271 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. If a preface is " something that is written last and never read," we are not going to call this a preface, though we write it last; for we desire yon to read it. ^^'e know that you will want to read all the rest of the book, and we want to ask you to read this also. This volume — Bridgewater College : Its Past and Present — is a tribute of the Alumni to the Alma Mater. At the regular annual meeting of the College Alumni Association, June 3, 1903, the editor-in-chief and business manager were elected, with power to choose their associates ; the whole editorial staff being thus authorized by the Association to act for it in " writ- ing, compiling, and publishing a history of the College from its beginning to the present." , The purpose in view was at least fourfold: (1) To pre- serve facts of interest and value relative to the founding and subsequent growth of the College; (2) To give just and due honor to the men and women that have made great sacrifices in behalf of the school: (3) To strengthen the bond of ever- lasting l^irotherhood between the hundreds of students that look back to Bridgewater College as an alma mater : (4) To make a practical step in providing help for those students who must struggle \\ith poverty, as many have already done. The proceeds from the sale of the book are to be devoted to the ]nirpose last named. Every dollar of profit is to be turned into the Alumni Scholarships Endowment Fund, for the benefit of worthy young men and women that need financial aid in pursuing their school work. The editorial staff, in view of the worthy interests at stake, have given their time, labor, and nervous energy to the enter- prise, to the value of several hundreds of dollars. They are to receive no remuneration, and they ask for none, save the consciousness of duty done and the good will of those they have tried to serve. 5 6 URIDGEWATER COLLEGE. Please observe: (1) The publication of this book is not an enterprise originated and fostered by the management of the school as an ad\ertising scheme. It was conceived by the Alumni, and has been fostered by them, as a means of ex- pressing their good will toward a kind foster mother, and their fellow feeling toward their old associates of the class room and campus, as well as their interest in the welfare of the students in the years to come. (2) The publication of this book is not an enterprise to make money for the editors : they have " worked for nothing and boarded themselves." Why have they worked? Because their hearts have been in the task. They want to honor the College, record its history, keep alive the spirit of old friendships, and help the boys and girls that have to struggle for an education. Our aim is wholly a benevo- lent one. therefore we feel that we have a claim upon your sympathy and support. It is the duty of every Alumnus, whether a graduate or not, and of ever> friend of the school and of humanity, to aid in making this work a success. Purchase a copy of the book for yourself : buy another for your friend : take the first thou- sand copies Cjuickly — we've made them for you. ^lake a sec- ond edition of the book an early necessity. While the editors urge their claims of philanthropy upon the book-buying and the book-reading public, they at the same time feel assured that every purchaser of Bridgewater College : Its Past and Present will receive full value for his money. A book that tells about people from twelve States of the Union and one foreign country^ ought to be interesting to persons that never heard before of Bridgewater College. It is needless to say that you will find in our work de- fects and mistakes, ^^'e wish only to say that we have done our best under the circumstances. The editors are all busy people. They have other Avork besides making books. So they crave forbearance in all errors, and earnestly repeat what they have already asked so often — that all persons having facts per- taining to the subjects herein treated of, let these facts be known. Then, it may be, the second edition of our work shall be more nearly perfect. IXTRODUCTIOX. 7 It was the intention of the editor-in-chief, at first, to en- deavor to blend the several chapters of this volume into a sort of connected and homogeneous whole ; but it was thought best, upon reconsideration, to leave each chapter as nearly as possible like the author wrote it: since it is believed that the distinct and original personality of the several writers will be of greater worth than any attempt at greater literars" unity. Each chapter has been left, therefore, as nearly as possible like it was written, and the author's name follows. The chap- ters unsigned have been contributed bv the editor-in-chief. CHAPTER II. HISTORICAL SKETCH. As Bridgewater College is about to enter upon the ses- sion of 1904-5, which will round out the first quarter-century of her history, this volume, the first in the series to record her life story of struggle and triumph, is being closed by its editors, soon to be opened and spread abroad, they trust, by the thousands far and near that love Bridgewater's name, and that look hitherward with longing eyes and tender memories. Let us now start at the beginning. During the summer of 1880, Prof. Daniel C. Flory, whose biography appears in Chapter X, opened a summer normal for teachers at Spring Creek, Rockingham Co.. Va.. The following autumn Prof. Flory founded the Spring Creek Normal School and Collegiate Insti- tute. We dare say that within the capacious limits of this name there were hidden marks of prophecy that the present is just beginning to disclose and interpret. Twenty-nine students — Hattie V. Blakemore, Annie Beard, Mollie Koiner, and Sue C. Wenger being the only ladies — were in attendance the first ses- sion. xA-SSOciated with Prof. Flory, as assistant teacher, was one of the students, Mr. James R. Shipman, whose energy and ex- cellent business qualities are well known through his connection, as cashier, with the Planters" Bank of Bridgewater. The following quotations from the first annual catalogue, a small pink-hued pamphlet of eight pages, are interesting and authentic : " Design. — Though originated for the children of the Breth- ren (or Tunkers as they are sometimes called) and under their immediate control, this school offers a hearty welcome to those who seek knowledge. Having no endowment, it will depend on its own merits for success." " Board of Trustees. — . . . This Board shall contain at least fifteen members, and as many more as may seem expedient or advisable. Its officers shall be a President, Vice-President, HISTORICAL SKETCH. 9 and Secretan-. These to be elected by the Board them- selves." . The names and addresses of the thirty men composing the Board, as griven in the first catalogrue. are as follows: 1. Solomon Garber. Bridgewater. 17. Samuel Petry. Goods Mill. 2. Jacob Thomas. Spring Creek. 18. Samuel A. Sanger. Meyerhoef- 3. Daniel Baker. Stephensburg. fers Store. 4. John Miller. Mt. Sidney. 19. John Flory. Bridgewater. 5. Levi Garber. Mt. Sidney. 20. Martin Miller. Spring Creek. 6. John A. Cline. Stuarts Draft. 21. Samuel Driver. New Hope. 7. S. A. Shaver, Maurertown. 22. Samuel J. Garber. Xew Hope. 8. Benj. Miller, Greenmount. 2i. E. L. Brower. Wavnesboro. 9. Daniel Hays, Moores Store. 24. E. D. Kendig. Fishersville. 10. Levi A. Wenger. Longglade. 25. Samuel A. Driver. Mt. Sidney. 11. S. H. Myers. Timberville. 26. Daniel Yount. Koiners Store. 12. E. B. Shaver. Maurertown. 27. Walter B. Yount. Koiners 13. Emanuel Hoover. Timberville. Store. 14. Hamilton \'arner, Stonyman. 2&. S. F. Sanger. Bridgewater. 15. John J. Bowman, Broadway. 29. John W. Click, Bridgewater 16. Jacob Myers. Cherry Grove. 30. D. T. Click, Dayton. The officers of the Board were : Elder Jacob Thomas. Pres- ident ; Elder Daniel Hays, Mce-President : Samuel F. Sanger, Secretary. Three regular courses of study were offered: (1) Normal ; (2) Scientific; (3) Classical. The first was outlined for two years : the second and third, for four years each. All were com- prehensive and thorough in scope and aim. The subject of co-education is thus touched upon : •' \\'e regard the co-education of the sexes the only true method of education. Their reciprocal influence will be beneficial in the Chapel, Dining Room, and Recitation Rooms. Their apart- ments of study and places of recreation will be separate." 1881-1882. The second session began on .Mondav. September 5, 1881, and ended on Friday, June 16, 1882. This year thirty students were enrolled, among them five ladies: Fannie Paul, -Maggie Beard, Nelie Beard, Hattie ^^ Blakemore. and Ella McCall. The students represented three counties of \'irginia— Rocking- lO LRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. ham, Augusta, Shenandoah — and two of West Virginia : Pendle- ton and Fayette. The third session of the school was conducted at Bridsre- water, under a new name ; but before proceeding to these changes we present the following paper, which contains many facts of interest and value that ought to be preserved as a part of our school history. This paper was read before the Alumni Association of the College on June 3, 1903, by Mr. James R. Shipman. Coming therefore, as it does, from one who was a teacher and student of the first sessions, it pos- sesses a peculiar interest and authenticity : " Our Alma Mater at Spring Creek." " Nearly twenty-three years covers the lifetime of what is now Bridgewater College. The institution has not always been known by its present name. In the year 1880, the school was first opened at Spring Creek, Virginia, and was known as the Spring Creek Normal School and Collegiate Institute. Two years later the name was changed to the Virginia Normal School, and still later to Bridgewater College. " The founder of the school was Prof. D. C. Flory, who is personally well known to many now present. It may be in- teresting to this audience to know how Prof. Flory conceived the idea of starting the school, and why Spring Creek was chosen as a location. " Here are some of the reasons. Several parties living in the vicinity of Beaver Creek Church solicited Prof. Flory to accept the principar department in the Beaver Creek public school. ■ In the consideration of the acceptance of this position, I intuitively conceived the idea of originating a Brethren's school. I knew no better place to try the experiment than in the Beaver Creek congregation, then considered the heart of the Second District of Virginia. Of course, not being able to build up such a school as we desired, in connection with a public school, and the Bridgewater Normal School, which had flourished for some years past, now being on a decline, it was decided to open this new school at Spring Creek.' " Like the beginning of almost every enterprise, this one DANIEL C. FLORY. 12 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. was looked upon not only with deep interest, but with very pe- culiar interest, by many persons in this section of the country. Those persons who had solicited Prof. Flory to teach in the public school at Beaver Creek were of course supporting him heartily in this movement, but these friends were, compara- tively, very few in number. Unfortunately, as we have al- ways thought, there was opposition to the efifort to start the school. " This opposition, which existed mainly among members of the Brethren church, being so much greater in point of num- bers than the supporters, the outlook was not at all a bright one. This condition of things must, of necessity, be changed, or the enterprise must end in failure. Prof. Flory, who, as some of you know, is a man of considerable force of character, a man of tenacit}^ of purpose and determination, was not easily de- terred from carrying out his purpose. With the prospect he now had, and encouraged by his friends, he determined, in the face of an unfavorable outlook, and in spite of seemingly formidable opposition, to push forward and test the matter. " The day for opening the school came. Less than a dozen students entered at the beginning. This sm.all number (with one exception) was composed of young men ; some from Shen- andoah county, one from Augusta, some from remote parts of this (Rockingham) county, one from West Virginia, the re- mainder from the immediate vicinity of Spring Creek. "Wliile all this is going on, what is being said and done by the ' opposition ' ? " It must be remembered that Prof. Flory's object was to establish a Brethren's school; and it is therefore to be regretted that from among them came the strongest opposition. On this point Prof. Flory says : ' The Brethren generally believed that the school would be short-lived, — the production of a wild theorist or a crank. I am sure a large majority of them were decidedly opposed to the institution ; but among them were some true to the movement, who considered it a step in the right direction.' " While public sentiment was so much divided with ref- erence to the school, its progress was necessarily very much re- HISIOKICAL SKETCH. ^ I3 tarcled. As time went on, however, the attendance increased, and, along with this, the interest and enthusiasm of the patrons and friends of the institution increased. The school work was now going along in earnest. The Professor was much encour- aged, and was doing his best. The students were earnest, dili- gent, and punctual. They were progressing nicely in their sev- eral studies, and were delighted with the opportunity to at- tend a school of this kind at home. Soon the tide of public sentiment began to change — to change rapidly — in favor of the school. "What could have brought about such a change so soon? Many of those who had feared that the school would be the means of ' spoiling ' farm hands, corresponding to the number of young men enrolled as students, now began to realize their mistake. It was but a short time indeed until they could see ])lainly enough, that a good school was not calculated to ' spoil ' young men, but the very thing to prevent them from being ' spoiled.' They found it just what was needed to develop young men and young women, and fit them for greater usefulness ; and many of them began to realize, for the first time, what they themselves had lost for want of just such an opportunity, and the disposition to use it. . . . " As to the school itself, it was in most respects quite sat- isfactory. The Professor and those who assisted were earnest and faithful in their work. The students, almost without ex- ception, were studious, and even enthusiastic in most cases. I am glad to be able, to say that in my experience in school I have never seen a more ambitious and wide-awake band of students than were in attendance at Spring Creek We had our time lor study and our time for recreation. We had our Bible class, which was large and interesting, regularly every Sabbath afternoon. " Our literary society met once a week. The society in- cluded in its membership quite a number from the village, who were not students. This had the effect of encouraging the so- ciety and making it very interesting and enjoyable. " During the hours of recreation we would frequently have a game of baseball. To some of those who had been opposed 14 r.RlDGEWATER COLLEGE. to the school this kind of sport was a sure sign that the young- men would be led off into idle and dangerous practices ; while, in the school room, the Professor had observed that the boys who played ball most energetically were the ones who made the best grades on examination. " Then, too, we A\ere even pretentious enough to have com- mencement exercises at the close of the sessic")n. l"^nlike the conmiencement exercises you have now, lasting for one week, ours lasted one evening. Having so few young ladies among the students, we were c^bliged to obtain assistance from lady friends in the neighborhood in rendering the music for the oc- casion. Tc^ practice this nuisic, we met at the homes of some of our friends ii; the connnunity, usually at night. All this will tend to show that we were laboring under difficulties to have this conunencemeut — and we were ; but we had decided to have it, and without wavering or faltering we did have it ; and it was acknowledged by those present to be a great success. " As Ave have said, the school was conducted at Spring Creek for only two }ears ; but this was the beginning-. "And what of the students who were in the school then? Where arc they, and what are they, now? A few of that small student band are not living. Two of those Avho are gone [laMijamin Thomas and Frank AlcLaughlin] met their death in a tragic manner. Of those living, four are ministers of the Gospel; others are hlling places of more or less prominence in business : all are holding positions of trust and responsi- bility. " These are some of the first fruits of this beloved institu- tion. But let your mind run back over the years intervening be- Iween thnt time and the present. How many noble young men and women haAC gone out from this college, filling with credit, and some even with distinction, positions of importance and prominence in the business world, as well as the professional and the literary world' Who. then, shall say what it may now mean, or Avho will venture to predict what it may yet mean, to be an ahunnus of r>ridi:'e\vater Collec'e?" HISIUKICAI. SK -.'K 11. 1$ 1882-1883. As already stated, the thinl session of the school was con- ducted at ljridy;evvater ; and the institution was now known as the Virginia Normal School. A part of what is now the Sipe & Arey ('ompan}-"s building-, corner of Main and College Street, was occu]:)ied by tlie classes. The reasons for this change of location have been summed up under three heads. " First, for students coming from a dis- tance by rail, liridgewater was easier of access than Spring Creek. In the second ])lace, tliere lived at Bridgewater and in its vicinity a number of influential men that wanted the school here, and worked to get it here. . . . Finally, the selection of Bridgewater for the location of the College was a sort of compromise between the two sections of the Valley, the south- west section toward Roanoke City, and the northeast section toward Winchester and Harper's Ferry. In Botetourt and Roanoke Counties were THder \\. F. Moomaw and his sons, who, with others, were anxious to have the school located in their section ; on the other hand, Flders S. H. Myers, Daniel Hays, S. A. .'^haver, and others, in Shenandoah and Frederick, would have preferred Timberville, or some other place lower down the Valley, for the school center. In the end, all agreed upon Bridgewater as the place most suitable, in respect to both lo- cation and environment." Announcements for the first session at Bridgewater, show 34 men of prominence on the Board of Trustees. All the thirty already named api:)ear except Solomon Garber, John Miller and Samuel Retry; the seven new names are the following: D. C. Moomaw, Nathan Nininger. Henry Garst, Peter S. Miller, Samuel F. Miller, Daniel Garber, and Joseph A. Miller. The officers of the Board are the same as at the beginning. The Faculty shows a decided expansion : D. C. Flory, Prin- cipal, was teacher of Ancient Languages and Mathematics; Daniel Hays taught Flocution, and had charge of the new Busi- ness Department ; James R. Shipman continued teaching Pen- manship and Fnglish Branches ; Geo. B. Holsinger had charge of the IMusic, — another new department. The session this year began .Sc]")teml)er 12, and ended June 15. The enrollment HISTORICAL SKKTCH. I7 reached the number of 52. This year twenty ladies were in attendance. 1883-1884. For this year, the Board of Trustees have the same Presi- dent and Vice-President ; but Samuel A. Shaver is Secretary. The catalogue does not name the whole Board. In the Faculty, J. E. Miller and Sallie A. Kagey take the places, in general, of Daniel Hays and J. R. Shipman, respect- ively. •The courses appear without material change. Several new steps of progress are, nevertheless, announced. We quote be- low concerning the most important. ■' The New Building. — The college building now in process of erection, will stand on a beautiful elevation overlooking the town, river and much of the adjacent country. It will be a substantial brick building, 40x80 feet, three stories high ; and will be admirably adapted to the purposes of the school, making a pleasant and comfortable home for teachers and students of both sexes." A description of the building follows. " Graduation. — The School will be chartered before the com- pletion of another school year. The charter will give us all the privileges of a first-class college, and on the completion of any of che regular Courses of Study the proper degree will be conferred." The next year's announcements state that the new building has been completed, and that the institution has re- ceived its charter. This session the enrollment was 80. 1884-1885. The officers of the Board of Trustees were : Jacob Thomas, President ; J. C. ]\Ioomaw, Vice-President ; John Flory, Treas- urer; J. W. Click, Secretary.. Messrs. B. F. Moomaw, S. H. Myers, S. F. Miller, P. S. Miller, Daniel Garber, D. T. Click, and J. W. Click composed an Executive Committee, of which Elder B. F. Moomaw was Chairman. John Flory was Steward and Superintendent of Grounds and Buildings. Frances Flory was jMatron. The Faculty comprised the same members as the preceding 15 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. 3'ear, Avith the addition of S. N. McCann, teacher of Mental Philosophy, Rhetoric, and ]\Iathematics. A steady growth of the Library seems to haye been going on. The catalogue containing- the announcements for this year closes its pages Avith an article by Rey. J. C. jMoomaw, in which the aims of the school, together with the adyantages aris- ing from a properly conducted school, are set forth with great fullness and clearness. Eighty-seyen students Ayere in attendance this year. 1885-1886. The Board of Trustees has noAy reached the number of forty. The members of the Board, not already named, are the folloAving : D. B. Arnold, W. H. Franklin, Joseph Click, J. W. ElleV, Noah Beery, Ami Caricofe, G. A." Phillips, B. C. AIoomaAy, A\'. G. Nininger, and AndrcAy ]\Iiller. Samuel Petry's name reappears. The officers of the Board remain as the preceding year, except that Daniel Hays is \'ice-President. Messrs. P. S. Miller, Chairman, Joseph Click, S. F. JNIiller, Daniel Garber, and J. A\'. Click constitute a Board of Directors. The Board of Trustees continued from this time to consist of forty members until December 18. 1894, Ayhen it Ayas reduced to fiA^e. Under the head " Faculty," Rca*. John Flory is named as President of the College ; D. C. Flory, as Chairman of Instruc- tion. Profs. J. E. Aliller, McCann, and Holsinger retain their places ; ]\Iiss Kagey appears as i\Irs. Holsinger. Among the President's miscellaneous announcements for this year we note the folloAA'ing: " Ladies Ayhen Ayalking AA'ithout the enclosure Ayill be at- tended by the lady teacher in charge or her assistant." ■' ]vIonthly Reports of the progress and deportment of the pupils Ayill be sent regxdarly to parents or guardians." The catalogue contains an article on " The Object of the School," by Elder D. Hays, from AAdiich aa-c quote the opening sentence : " It is designed to make the \'irginia Normal a Home and .Scliool AA-here our brethren and friends can place their chil- GEORGE B. HOLSINGER. (See Chapter X for biographical sketch.) 20 BKiDGEWATER COLLEGE. dren under a sound moral and religious influence, where they will be safe and well cared for, and where they will at the same time be furnished with the means for acquiring a thorough and practical education." Among the gifts acknowledged for the past session are some of books and manuscripts by Judge John Paul and Hon. C. T. O'Ferrall. This session 81 regular students are found enrolled. The spring of '86 is notable for at least two reasons : It marks the end of Prof. D. C. Flory's connection with the Col- lege as a teacher; it also brings before us the first regular gradu- ates of the institution. The names, with biographical sketches, of these graduates, will be found in their proper connection in Chapter XII. 1886-1887. For the seventh session there was no change from the pre- ceding year in the Board of Trustees except in its organiza- tion. Elder Jacob Thomas, who had been President of the Board from the beginning, was succeeded in that office by Elder John Flory. B. I'\ Moomaw, Daniel Hays, and J. W. Click were Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretary, respectively. The Board of Directors had D. T. Click in place of Joseph Click. In the Faculty, Rev. John Flory was President, as in the preceding year. Daniel Hays was Principal ; John B. Wrights- man was Associate Principal. The other members of the Fac- ulty were, E. A. Miller, Mrs. G. B. Holsinger. and G. B. Hol- singer. The constant aim of the Faculty and Trustees, to get the principles and methods of education clearly fixed in the public thought, must here be noticed again. The sixth annual cata- logue has a well written paper on " True Education," by B. F. Moomaw. Following is the first paragraph : " True Education is to bring up, to lead out and train the mental powers, to inform and enlighten the understanding, to form and regulate the principles and character, to prepare and fit for any calling or business in life. The law of development bv labor and cultivation is fundamental to the intellectual na- HISTORICAL SKETCH. 21 ture, it exists in the constitution of the mind and is consequent- ly of divine origin and universal obligation." This year the enrollment was 72. 1887-1888. Three new members appear in the Board of Trustees for the eighth session : Isaac C. Myers, S. C. Smucker, and David Wampler. The officers of the Board were the following: John Flory, President ; D. C. Moomaw, Vice-President ; S. F. Miller, Treasurer; J. W. Click, Secretary. The Board of Directors re- mained as the preceding year. In the Faculty were many changes. E. A. Miller was Prin- cipal. The other members of the Faculty were: J. B. Wrights- man, E. M. Crouch, M. Kate Flory, J. M. Cofifman, C. E. Ar- nold, G. B. Holsinger, and Mrs. Fannie Wrightsman. A most remarkable succession had been going on in the Principalship during the last year. This evolution is hapjjily set forth in a letter of Prof. I. N. H. Beahm, who was a student at the time: " When Prof. Flory resigned in the spring of 'S6, Prof. McCann was principal pro tem until Prof. J. Carson Miller's services were procured ; then Prof. Miller was principal to the end of the session, and delivered the first diplomas issued by the col- lege. Prof. Hays was principal for the next session. He served only a short time, when the principalship fell upon the shoulders of his associate. Prof. W^rightsman ; and finally, perhaps with- in twelve months, he was superseded .by Prof. E. A. Miller." A department in Oil Painting and DraAving appears first this year. The enrollment of students during the session was m- 1888-1889. This year Elder Samuel Driver appears as President of the Board of Trustees. Elder D. B. Arnold was Vice-President. Messrs. S. F. Miller and E. D. Kendig were respectively Treas- urer and vSecretary. J. W. Click was succeeded on the Board of Directors by John Flory. The Faculty was composed of E. A. Miller, E. M. Crouch, I. N. H. Beahm, M. Kate Flory. C. E. Arnold, J. M. Coffman, E. Frantz, J. A. Garber. and Ci. B. Holsinger. One hundred sixt\'-onc students were enrolled durinaf the session. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 23 1889-1890. In April, 1881), the school name was changed from Virginia Normal to Bridgewater College. The catalogue for the tenth session also announced that the " Young Ladies' Home " — the present " White House " — was ready for occupancy. New names on the Board of Trustees were, James A. Fry and B. W. Neff. The organization was the same as the pre- ceding year. On the Board of Directors, J. A. Fry had suc- ceeded John Flory. The Faculty comprised the following: E. M. Crouch, Prin- cipal; W. C. Goodwin, E. Frantz, J. A. Garber. L N. H. Beahm, J. W. Wampler, W. M. Wine, J. C. Beahm, C. E. Arnold, and G. B. Holsinger. In the Business Department, J. W. Cline was Assistant to C. E. Arnold, Principal; in the Music Department, Miss Effie L. Yount was x\ssistant to Prof. Holsinger, Director. One hundred fifty students were in attendance this year. December 3.1, 188!), is memorable in the history of the school as the day when the old brick building 1:»urned. In the cata- logue for the next session we find the following note : '■ Our friends remember that on the 'Mst of last December our main College building burned. No doubt they are also aware of the fact that our earnest Board of Directors promptly rented other property near by for the accommodation of the school. They soon began the erection of a Dormitory building for the young gentlemen [the present Wardo Hall]. And an addition to the Young Ladies' Building or ' White House ' will be con- structed. " Also a large College Building [the present Stanley Hall] is in process of erection, which will be used for Recitations, Religious Services, Offices, IMusic Rooms, etc." The building that burned occupied the site of the present Wardo Hall. The temporary quarters secured after the fire were in an old furniture factory that stood where the residence of N. W. Beery now stands, near the corner of College Street and Main. 1890-1891. New Trustees this year were, D. D. Bonsack, John W. Miller, G. W. Thomas, Samuel Yount, and T. C. Denton. Elder 24 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. THE BURXIXG. Samuel Driver was still President of the Board; E. L. Brower was Vice-President ; S. F. Miller was Treasurer ; E. D. Kendig- was Secretary. The Directors were the same as the preceding v^ear : P. S. Miller, J. A. Fry, D. T. Click, Daniel Garber, and S. F. Miller. In the Faculty, E. A. Miller was again Principal. It ma}' be well at this juncture briefly to notice what the editors of this book would be glad to pass over in silence, and what all friends of the school would be willing to forget; but what the truth of history demands shall receive at least a brief record. Sometime during the session of "88-"89, a number of serious charges were brought against the character of the Principal. This led to a contro^■ersy that was prolonged for several years, and that was attended by some very unfortunate consequences. It was thought best b}' the Directors, soon after these charges were first made, for the Principal to retire from the school. This he did sometime during the session of ^88-'S9 ; and Prof. Crouch was Principal during the remainder of that session and through- out the next session. In the fall of 1890, Prof. Miller was al- IIISTOKICAL SKKTCH. 25 lowed to resume the principalship. He held the position till 1892, when Prof. Yount was put in charge. The period from '89 to *92 witnessed the school's trial by fire. The controversy mentioned above is too recently past for discussion in detail ; the destruction of the College building was a great disaster; and the accumulating debt, to which further notice will be given, was not the least matter for concern. The other members of the Faculty for '90-'91 were, E. ]\I. Crouch, J. A. Garber, S. X. ]\IcCann, S. W. Garber, G. B. Hersh- berger, G. B. Holsinger. The number of students enrolled was 110. 1891-1892. The Trustees this year were the same as the preceding one, except that G. W. Snell was elected to succeed B. F. AToomaw, and H. C. Early to succeed S. C. Smucker. The officers of the Board of Trustees, together with the Directors, continued with- out change. Elders Daniel Hays. Daniel ]\Iiller. and Isaac Long constituted an Advisory Board. The Faculty remained unchanged from the preceding ses- sion, except that Mrs. E. A. Aliller, teacher of Crayoning and Oil Painting, made an eighth member. One hundred ten stu- dents were in attendance. 1892-1893. Xo new Trustees were elected this year. The organization of the Board was changed only by the election of John A. Cline to succeed E. L. Brower as A'ice-President. In the Board of Directors, also, there was only one change : Daniel Garber was succeeded by John W. ]\Iiller. The Advisory Board of the pre- ceding year, composed of the same gentlemen, was termed a Visiting Committee. In the Faculty, decided changes appear, ^^'alter B. Yount is Chairman ; J. Carson Miller is his first associate ; J. A. Gar- ber, S. N. McCann, G. B. Holsinger, ]\Irs. G. B. Holsinger, and Mrs. J. A. Garber complete the number. The enrollment of students this year was 115. 1893-1894. N"o new elections were made to the Board of Trustees this WALTER B. YOUNT. (See Chapter X tor Biographical Sketch.) HlS'lUKICAL SKl-nXH. 2/ year. Elder Samuel Driver continued in the office of Presi- dent. W. B. Yount, S. F. Miller, and J. A. Fry were Vice-Presi- dent, Treasurer, and Secretary, respectively. The following' gentlemen constituted the Board of Directors : S. F. Miller, G. W. Snell, J. A. Fry, G. W. Thomas, and J. W. Miller. The Vis- iting Committee was unchanged from the preceding year. An addition to the Faculty was made this year, in the per- son of Charles Gilpin Cook, Professor of English, Rhetoric, and Literature. The number of students was 130. Within the limits of this session falls an event that demands more than a passing notice. We refer to the initial step in free- ing the College from the debt mentioned above. Early in the year 18'J-i this debt had come to exceed $11,000. This amount will of course appear comparatively insignificant in the eyes of those who are accustomed to control large resources; but to BridgCAvater College at that time a debt of this magnitude was a cause for gravest concern. On March 20, 1894, a meeting of the Board of Trustees was held in the College chapel. Elder Samuel Driver, President of the Board, called the house to order at 10 : 30 A. M. Devotional exercises were conducted by Elder P. S. Miller, of Roanoke Cit}'. Roll call showed seventeen members of the Board pres- ent. After a brief opening address by Elder Driver, the object of the meeting, namely, the drafting- of some plan for paying the debt upon the school, was stated by Prof. Yount, who de- clared the amoimt of indebtedness at that time to be $11,370.20, and urged a vigorous action for its licjuidation. The innate mod- esty of Prof. Yount will doubtless make it impossible for the public ever to know the full extent of his service to the insti- tution on this occasion ; but the minute book of the meeting shows that the resolutions that were finally adopted were pre- sented by him ; and it is known also that his arguments had much to do in securing for them a general acceptance. In these resolutions, which were passed at the afternoon session, the Board of Trustees gave themselves a period of six months in which to raise, by voluntary subscription, tlie amount required to discharge the indebtedness of the school : and to ])rove that J. CARSON MILLER, WIFE AND DAUGHTER CARRIE. (See Chapter X for sketch.) HISTORICAL SKETCH. 29 they were really determined in their purpose, and willing them- selves to do more than they even asked others to do, thirteen of those seventeen men, before leaving the room, gave their own subscriptions in personal bonds to the amount of $5,200. Thirteen may be an unlucky number at some places, but it isn't at Bridgewater College. In a few days more six others had joined the lucky thirteen, and the sinking fund had grown to $6,415. We regard this action on the part of these men as one of the turning points in the school's history ; and for this reason take the libertv here to record their names ; for it seems not too A!AK\ SIJiKET LOOKING TOWARD THE BRIDGE. much to sa}' that, by their generosity and self-sacrifice on this occasion, they saved the College from financial ruin. The thirteen — the lucky thirteen, let us continue to call them — were the following: H. M. Garst, S. H. Myers. B. W. Nefif, E. D. Kendig, Samuel Driver, B. A. Kiracofe, N. W. Beery, I. C. Myers, S. F. Miller, J. W. Miller, G. A\'. Thomas. J. A. Fry, W. B. Younr. Five of the six others referred to were : E. L. Brower, Joseph Click, D. T. Click, Daniel Garber, and George 30 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE, W. Snell. The remaining man of these six we reserve for special mention. This is partly for the reason that he was not a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees, and partly for the reason that his service w^as in a measure distinct in itself. Notwithstanding" the fact that the donations of the Trustees imparted a great confidence and impetus to the work of freeing the school from debt, the task was only well begun, and many discouraging dif- ficulties had to be overcome before the remaining five thousand dollars were raised. The great majority of donations and sub- scriptions were in small amounts, and a boundless store of pa- tience and energy was required in order to push the canvass ta a successful finish. A man with less tenacity of purpose than S. N. McCann would likely have failed in spite of what had already been accomplished. He was one of five solicitors orig- inally appointed ; but owing to various circumstances the great bulk of the work was entrusted to him ; and so well did he dis- charge his trust that in June of 1S95, at the close of the school session, President Yount was able to announce that the Col- lege was free from debt. 1894-1895. The Visiting Committee was composed this year of Elders J. P. Zigler, J. M. Cline, and L. A. Wenger. The Board of Trus- tees had the same officers and the same Board of Directors at the beginning of the session as the preceding year ; but in De- cember, 1894, the Board of forty Trustees was succeeded by five of their number, who acted as their own Board of Directors. In the resolutions of ^March 20, 1894, providing for the liquida- tion of the school debt, it was also provided that the number of Trustees should be reduced from forty to five. In accordance^ therefore, with this provision, five men, all of whom were mem- bers of the original Board, were duly elected and entrusted with the responsibilities that the larger body had previously borne. The Board of five entered upon their duties at the same time that the Board of forty was dissolved — December 18, 1894. The new Board consisted of the following men: W. B. Yount, President; S. F. Miller, Vice-President; J. A. Fry, Secretary and Treasurer; G. W. Thomas ; J. W. Miller. These gentle- 11 J ST( )K 1 C A L S K KTC H . 31 men all served, without change of organization, for the remain- der of the session and for tlie following one. The Faculty were the following: W. B. Yount, Chairman; J. Carson Miller, John S. Flory, S. N. McCann, I. T. Good, G. B. Holsinger, Mrs. G. B. Holsinger, and 'Sirs. S. D. Bowman. The enrollment for the year was 121, exclusive of the students of the special Bible Term. 1895-1896. The Visiting Committee this year was the same cs the pre- ceding 5^ear. The Faculty also remained unchanged, except PuUNDKRS HALL. (Completed UtOo.) that appended to it were Mrs. Maggie C. Yount, in special charge of Ladies' Hall, and James A. Fry, Steward. The reg- ular students in attendance this year were 120. 1896-1897. The Trustees this year were, W. B. Yount, President ; J. Carson Miller, Vice-President; James A. Fry, Secretary and Treasurer; S. F. Miller; J. W. Miller. The Board retained this organization for two A^ears. JAMES A FRY. HISTORICAL sKi'/rcir. 33 Elders Wenger, Zigler, and Cline still composed the V^isit- ing- Committee for this year, as well as for the year following. In the Faculty, Miss Lula (). Trout succeeded Mrs. Bow- man as Art teacher; and the names of j. W. Wayland and James M. ^Varrcn, M. D., were added. One hundred twenty regular students were enrolled. 1897-1898. The catalogue for this year shows two changes in the Fac- ulty : Miss Trout's name does not appear; Joseph B. Wine is Professor of Natural Science and Mathematics. Prof. Yount now first ap]jears as President of the College, instead of Chair- man of the Faculty. The early i)art of this session is memorable as the time when literary society work received a great impetus, by the organization of two new societies — the Virginia Lee and the Victorian — by the members of the old society — the Philoma- thean, — which was dissolved. The enrollment of students this }car was 111. 1898-1899. This year J. Carson Miller was President of the Board of Trustees; S. F. Miller was Vice-President; J. A. Fry continued as Secretary and Treasurer. John W. Miller and W. B. Yount were the other members of the Board. The Visiting Committee was composed of Elders Wenger, Zigler, and S. A. Sanger. New names in the Faculty this year are, Ottis E. Menden- hall, Mrs. Birdie Roller, D. W. Crist, Miss Ella Henton, and Mrs. B. C. Miller. The names of S. N. McCann, J. B. Wine, I. T. Good, and G. B. Flolsinger do not appear. About one hundred twenty regular students were in at- tendance. The spring of '99 witnessed the organization of the Bridge- water College Alumni Association, to which b(~)d\' Cliapter VII of this volume is devoted. 1899-1900. For this session, and until 1904, the Poard of Trustees was made up as follows; S. F. Miller, President; John W. Miller, 34 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. Vice-President; James A. Fry, Sec'y and Treas. ; John A. Wan- ger; W. B. Yount. Elders H. C. Early, H. G. Miller, and S. A. Sanger were the Committee of Visitors for this year and the two following ones. In the Faculty, Prof. Mendenhall, Mrs. Holsinger, Prof. Crist, Miss Henton, Mrs. Miller, and Dr. Warren were absent; ENGLISH ROOM. new names were, R. H. Latham, E. T. Hildebrand, W. K. Con- ner, Miss Laura Emswiler, and Mrs. W. K. Conner. The enrollment of students this year was about 140. 1900-1901. The Faculty for this year was as follows: W. B. Yount, President, Professor of Bible, Greek, and Elocution ; J. Carson Miller, Secretary, Professor of New Testament and Principal of Commercial Department ; John S. Flory, Librarian, Professor of English Language and Literature ; E. T. Hildebrand, Pro- fessor of Voice Culture, 3.Iethods, Harmony, Etc.; Mrs. Birdie HISTORICAL SKETCH. 35 Roller, Professor of Music — Piano and Organ ; R. H. Latham, Professor of Latin, Mathematics, and Physics; J. W. Wayland (absent on leave at University) ; J. C. Myers, Professor of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Etc. ; W. K. Conner, Professor of Penmanship and Drawing-; J. A. Garber, Professor in Com- mercial Department; M. A. Good, Field Worker; J- D. Rrunk, Professor of Music — Harmony, Instrumental Music, Etc. ; Mrs. W. K. Conner, Teacher of Art ; Mrs. Nannie V. Myers, Teach- COLLEGE LIBRARY er of Preparatory Branches ; Mrs. Maggie C. Yount, Advisor to Ladies' Hall ; J- A. Fry, Steward. One hundred seventy-three regular students were in at- tendance this year. Counting those of the special Bible Term, the number was 243. 1901-1902. Profs. J. Carson Miller and R. H. Latham were absent this year from the Faculty. Their places were supplied by J. W. Wayland, who had returned from the University, and by Profs. W. T. Mvers and John D. Miller. This vear W. K. Conner 36 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. was made Secretary of the Faculty. He still retains the po- sition. The number of regular students this session was 213. Counting those of the special Bible Term, there were 342. 1902-1903. This year Elder Peter Garber was elected to the Board of Visitors. He still retains a place on the Board, with Elders Miller and Early. From the Faculty, Prof. Flory joined Prof. J. C. Myers at the University for post-graduate studies — the latter having pre- ceded him a year ; J. W. Wayland was elected Librarian ; Prof. J. A. Garber was made Teacher of Elocution, as successor to Prof. Yount; Profs. Milton B. Wise and Bayard M. Hedrick were added to the Faculty. Mr. Noah F. Smith succeeded Mr. Fry as Steward. Two hundred two regular students were in attendance. Including those enrolled for the special Bible Term, the num- ber was 450. This session should be recorded m the history of the school, as the one in which began a marked revival in the study of the beginnings and subsequent history of the College. On the night of December 12, 1902, the Virginia Lee Literary Society rendered a special program, devoted exclusively to the history of the school, the men and women who have made it, together with some it has helped to make. The January (1903) issue of the Philomathean Monthly was made up entirely of the sev- eral articles presented at the society program. This volume is an outgrowth of the movement set on foot in the literary so- ciety. 1903-1904. This year Prof. J. C. Myers returned to his place in the Faculty, and Prof. Wayland joined Prof. Flory at the Univer- sity. Prof. Garber retired to his country home to recuperate; Prof. Wise accepted another position; and Prof. John D. Miller entered upon the study of Medicine. Profs. J. H. Cline and VV. B. Norris, and Mrs. J. W. Wa^dand, were added to the Faculty. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 37 ^■r^^m iSsS-;: A Peep into the (■fflce. The number of regular students enrolled this session reached the high-water mark in the history of the school — 251. The total number of students during- the year was 386. This session is also mem- orable for other reasons. It is the one in which the new Founders' Hall was completed and first occupied ; the one in which an organized movement was begun for providing a new Ladies' Hall ; and the one in which the scope and useful- ness of the College were en« larged, by the cooperation of the hirst and Second Districts of West Virginia, with the Second District of \^irginia, in the ownership, support, and control of the school. The following authentic statements, copied from College Life of June 15, 1904, will be useful in setting forth clearly and fully the present status of tlie College : " Our New Board of Trustees." " On the com])letion of the session of 1903-4, at twelve o'clock, noon, June 2, 190-1, Bridgewater College; passed formal- ly and fully into the ownership and control of the Second Dis- trict of Virginia and the First and Second Districts of West Virginia, of the German Baptist Brethren or Dunkard church. The College was founded by the Brethren and always under their management in general, its Board of Trustees having al- ways been selected in accordance with its charter from this body of Christian people, and its grounds and buildings (now estimated to be worth '^40,000.00) and endowments for the most part having been secured through and from them, so that this is after all rather a formal than a real change in the manage- ment ; still the Trustees are now appointed by the above church districts and the whole ownership and government of the Col- lege is thus positively and entirely in the church. 38 r.RlDGEWATER COLLEGE. " Naturally, it may be ex- pected to require a little time and patience too to get the new management to running smoothly, but so far this has been done without a murmur. On the part of the Second District of Virginia, to which most of the executive has nat- urally fallen, the greatest fairness and impartiality have l:ieen and are desired and aimed at. Accordingly the following' petition was passed unanimoush" at the District Meeting of this district, held at the Greenmount churchy April 14 and 15 : L'arl and Dee at the Entrance. " ' We, the Brethren of the Cooks Creek congregation, in council assembled, ask the District Meeting of 1904 to change the part of the report of her Educational Committee of last year in which it is the plan to have a board of seven trustees and an executive board of five for Bridgewater College — to so change as to have a board of twelve trustees, which board of trustees shall be distributed over the three state districts owning the College in proportion to the numerical strength of the membership of each district, but each state district shall have at least one member of said board and out of this board of trustees the executive committee of five and such other committees as are necessary shall be elected annually by the board of trustees itself at its annual meeting. " ' This request is made in order that the two districts of West Virginia shall have proportional voice and representation with the Sec- ond District of Virginia in the executive work of the College.' " It will be necessary, it would seem, for the moderators or other representatives of the three District Meetings inter- ested to secure a census of the three districts before the next district meetings, in order that the proper number of trustees shall be appointed by each district meeting." HISTORICAL SKETCH. 39 " The Number of Trustees Possible." " On this point the following extract from the revised Charter Avill not be out of place : " ' * * * said Board of Trustees shall never be less than five nor more than twentj^ * * * J^J-,(J j-,q person shall be eligible to inembership in said Board of Trustees who shall not be a member of the German Baoti^t Brethren Church.' " A SECTION OF THE COMMERCIAL ROO.M. " Who the New Frovisional Board of Trustees Are." " The following well-known, influential men constitute the new Board of Trustees of Bridgewater College: W. H. Sipe, President, Bridgewater, Va. ; D. H. Zigler, First Vice-President, Broadway, Va. ; George S. Arnold, Second Vice-President, Bur- lington, W. Va. ; S. L. Bowman, Secretary, Cowan's Depot, \'a. ; J. A. Wenger, Treasurer, Bridgewater, Va. ; H. C. Early, Penn Laird, Va. ; S. F. Miller, Bridgewater, \''a. ; Z. Annon, Thorn- ton, W. Va. ; Jas. A. Fry, Bridgewater, Va. ; D. C. Flory, New Hope. \'a. ; J. Carson Miller, IMoore's Store, Va. ; J. W. Miller, Brideewater, \\a." CHAPTER III. RELIGIOUS LIFE IN GENERAL. " As a man thinketh in his heart so is he." Tlie ideal con- trols the man. i'liis is a psychological truth wliich the church is slow to incorporate into its practice. Strange, too, since the Bible so frequently and effectually employs this fundamental law in its dealings with the problems of human life. The apostle Paul, who was possessed of a profound dis- cernment, always sought to correct errors by establishing prop- er ideals. To the Colossians he said, " If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sit- teth on the right hand of God. Set your affection (literally, ' your mind ') on things above, not on things on the earth." He knew that if he could get them to set their affections up- on heavenly things, that they would lose their taste for world- ly things. Again, to the Philippians he summarizes all his teachings in these words : ' Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, honest, just, pure, lovely, of good report, .... think on these things ' : i. e.. Brethren, if you would be true think on truth ; if you would be free from deceit, fill your mind with thoughts that are honorable ; if you would deal justlv with your fellow-man and with God, think on things of equity ; if you would possess a character that is unstained, think only upon things of purity; if you would have a lovable disposition, let lovely characters fill your imagination and occupy your heart ; if you Vv'ould be free from suspicion and censure, let your thoughts be constantly dwelling upon things of unquestionable report. Indeed, every law of soul growth is focalized in these words : " But we all, with unveiled face beholding as in a mirror the glorv of the Lord, are transformed into the same image, from glory to glory, even as by the Lord the Spirit." To be- come Godlike one must fix his thoughts upon God — let the Divine Being wholly absorb his thought and affection. To be- come like Christ one must make Christ his ideal,- — let every 41 42 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. thought, purpose, and desire be subordinated to the mind of the Savior, — let Christ be so completely formed in us that his moral glory may be radiated from us. There are some people whose character and person naturally suggest Christ. Prompted by an improper spirit, but prompted nevertheless, the boys of the College used to remark of one of our beloved professors, when he would be seen coming up the street to- ward the school, " There comes Jesus Christ." There v/as some- thing a])out his person and countenance that differentiated him from other men, and was noticeable even to the irreverent bovs. COLLEGE BUILDINGS FROM THE RIVER, NEAR BERLINTON. School days are formative days. The days we spend in school are the days in which character is formed. How impor- tant then that the proper atmosphere should pervade the edu- cational institutions in which our children pass the crisis of life ! The spirit of the institution which shapes the plastic mind is bound to stamp its bias upon the thought of the student. As the thought is, so will the character be. One's belief works a change in him. "What you believe you either are, or are fast becoming." See this exemplified in the lives of Individ- KKLIGIOUS LIFE IN GENERAL. 43 uals. Here is one who believes in an omniscient and holy God. He believes that at e\"erv moment by day or night God sees him, and that even his innermost thoughts are known to him. He believes that God hates all evil, and will punish the evil-doer. The man that so believes you can depend upon as true and pure. You cannot trust any man that does not so believe. The man who believes that for a paltry sum he can have his sins par- doned by some priest, will not be very careful as to his deeds of honesty, truthfulness, and purity. Here, again, is another, say a Chinaman, who believes not in the true and omniscient God : but he believes that the gods can be tricked. For example, he puts upon the body of his child the statement that it has had the cholera, thinking that he can thus deceive the cholera god, and that the disease will not be sent upon his child. It is easy to trace the effects of such a belief hi the Chinese national character, as well as in the individual character of each Chinaman. Examples might easily be multiplied, all showing that the thought controls the man. My ideal of an educational institution is, first, that it be open to all — rich and poor. (This is possible only to a limited degree in a school that is not endowed.) Second, that its re- ligious atmosphere be such as to create in the student the lofti- est ideals, and that such religious instruction be given as will gradually strengthen the ideal until it becomes real. Third, that the proper intellectual culture be provided, so as to supply the strength necessary to attain the ideal. An institution into whose fiber these principles have been woven has never failed. The religious life at Bridgewater College is such as to fos- ter proper ideals, and engender right thoughts. No one can be in touch with the institution without being helped onward in life and upward toward God. The practical side of religion is constantly being emphasized, and the results are the inculca- tion of a large-hearted kindliness, genuine integrity, and an un- affected politeness, giving to society and to the church men and women that make the world better. Bridgewater College gives an exalted place to the Bible. No school ought to be pat- ronized by Christian people which does not. Knowledge is pow- 44 BRIDGE\\ATER COLLEGE. er, but knowledge unsanctified by religion is dangerous. The managers of Bridgewater College have wisely placed Bible in- struction in the schedule of studies, which efifectually serves as a rudder safely to guide the ship of learning into the harbor of usefulness. This fact is readily attested by calling to mind the long list of young men and women that have gone out from her walls to make the world better and happier. Each dav is begun bv the assembling of the facultv and A CORNER OF THE BIBLE ROOM. student body in the chapel, where all unite in singing a hymn of praise to God. Some member of the faculty— usually the president — then reads some choice passage from the Holy Scrip- tures, after which prayer is offered. These exercises, in ad- dition to their immediate effect in fellowship with the heavenly Father, have a wholesome tendency in the fixed habit of be- ginning every day with God in prayer. Every Sunday the day is well occupied with three or four services. First, is the morning prayer meeting, where such stu- dents and teachers as desire to do so spend an hour in homelike fellowship with one another and in communion with God. Per- RELIGIOUS LITE IN GENERAL. 45 haps there is no one service that is so lasting in its blessings and enjoyments as this one. Here the stammering and back- ward student has an e(|ual showing with the more gifted. Ev- ery heart beats in mutual sympathy and good will. Next comes the study of the International Sunday-school Lesson at two o'clock in the afternoon. In the evening there is the public preaching service, where all the students and friends of the college community assemble for worship. Of course, stu- dents that are members of other churches are permitted to at- tend their own churches in town. In addition to all this is the Missionary Society, where useful information is given concerning the great missionary work of the church — the fields, the workers, the needs, the methods. This knowledge of course kindles enthusiasm in this, the church's chief enterprise, and already several of the society members have laid their hearts upon the altar, for the Master's service. Long may these influences be kept in operation, for the betterment and uplifting of the race and for the glory of God ! May the Christians of the valley of Virginia and adjacent sec- tions, whom God has richly blessed with the proper means, so rally to the support of Bridgewater College that she may be enabled to enlarge her usefulness until the whole South may feel and be benefited by lier benign influence! P. B. FITZWATER. CHAPTER IV. HUSSION \\ORK IX PARTICULAR. In a history of Bridgewater College, mission work certain- ly deserves a place. The institution might well be called the ■' mother of missions " in its own circle ; and not only in its own circle has its missionary intlnence been felt, but far out over the earth has this influence spread and flourished. That the College has been creating and stimulating mis- sionary sentiment during the past score of years, has been shown by the constantly growing collections for missionary and be- nevolent purposes that have been secured in the adjacent con- ereefations, and at the College itself. Then, too, there are those consecrated workers who have gone out from the College, filled with the Spirit, to labor wherever the Lord may direct ; be it among the churclies and in home mission fields, or in the for- eign fields ; to establish a college, or to become a professor in one or the president of another : or by any other means to give a new' impetus to the missionary cause. Among these prominent leaders, I could mention a dozen or two in this connection : but I shall spare their modesty, and allow the curious reader to collect their names from the suc- ceeding chapters. As an instance of how this missionary spirit at the College is recognized, may l^e mentioned a circumstance of recent oc- currence. One who is now in the field was talking with her mother about her desire to become a missionary, wdien her mother remarked. " That is what Bridgewater College did for you." In the year 1898 an increased enthusiasm was aroused in the mission workers at the College, when, from out of our own number, one of our teachers. Elder S. X. ]\IcCann, was called to- g-o to the foreign field. Almost everv one in the Second Dis- trict of Mrginia knows how earnestly he worked to save the College from ruin, when she was on the very brink because of debt; and how he labored among the churches, filling them 46 S. N. McCANN. (For biographical sket'^li see Chapter X.) 48 BRIDGEWATEK COLLEGE. with love for the cause of Christ, and for the lost ones, hy his discourses made mighty with the power of the Word. Who that heard him can forget this, one of his favorite themes : " Present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service " ? And then, when he presented his own body and soul, at the age of manhood's brightest prospects, to go to the heathen in far-off India, what an influence was exerted upon all who knew him, especially upon his ]mpils and fellow teachers at the College ! And when- ever, thereafter, news came from the foreign field to the workers at home, it brought a special mes- sage of encouragement and con- secration. All this energy and enthusi- asm for the cause of missions could not remain latent any long- er, but took definite form in the spring of 1900, in the organization of a missionary society. Sister C. Tempie Sauble, who is now la- boring in Chicago, Illinois, was one of the first to add fuel to the flame that was being kindled. She, with others, had been think- ing and talking of a missionary society for some time, when, one morning at prayer meeting, the subject was in line with missions. A number of good talks were made, and the interest mounted high. x\ committee of three, Densie Hollinger, J. C. Alyers, and J. G. Miller, was ap- pointed at once to draft a simple constitution. They prepared yet the same day the series of articles that have been expanded into our present manual. The preamble, setting forth the aims and purposes of the Society, reads as follow^s : " Believing that a closer organization will enable us to do more eft"ective work, we, students and teach- ers of Brid^-ewater CollesrTe. in order to encourage the cause of \ 4 h C. Tempie Sauble. (See Chap- ter XIII for Biograph- ical Sketch.) MISSION WORK IN PARTICIJLAR. 49 missions, lo liel]) one another in the stud}' of missicniary needs, to create missionar}' sentiment, to encourage missionary enterprise, to disseminate missionary knowl- edge, to concentrate our energies in doing missionar_\- work, do adopt as our guide the following revised Constitution." In January, 1U02, a committee was appointed to devise a j^lan by which the Society might give more definite aim to its work, by educating young men and' women for the mission field. The com- mittee ofi^ered the following plan, which was adopted : Martha ("lick Senger. (See Chap ter XIII for Biograph- ical Sketch.) To the Missionary Society of Bridgewater College, Greeting : We, your committee, offer the following plan for the establishment in this institution of a schol- arship, b}' means of which this Society may give definite and practical aim to its work, in the ])re]:)aration of young men and women for active and eflicient service in God's great harvest- field. First — I.et the Society raise the sum of one hundred dollars, which shall ser\ e as the nucleus of a growing Endowment Fund. Second — When the said one hundred dollars shall have been raised, let a scholarship be founded by the Society, in the Bible Department of the College, to be known as the "Bridgewater College Missionary Scholarship No. 1." Third — -Let the scholarship be of the maximum value of seventy-five dollars per annum, and be payable at current rates in the said Department, in tuition, in text-books, and in board and lodging in the College dormitories. Fourth — Let the scholarship begin to be available at once (or as soon as satisfactorily bestowed) at a minimum value of thirtv dollars a vear; but when the Endowment Fund is in- 50 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. creased to two hundred dollars, let the scholarship be worth thirty-five dollars ; when the Endowment Fund is increased to three hundred dollars, let the scholarship be worth forty dol- lars, and so on to its maximum value; and when the scholar- ship shall have thus grown to its maximum value, let the En- dowment Fund continue to increase until its earnings shall maintain the scholarship at its full value. Fifth — Let the scholarship be maintained by the following means: (1) By the earnings of the Endowment Fund; (2) by regular collections held in the Society at the second meeting of each month ; the Society obligating itself to raise by means of these collections, and by special collections, if necessary, the amount- of the scholarship less the earnings of the Endowment Fund. Sixth — Let the Endowment Fund be held in trust, invested and managed for the Society by a committee consisting of the Faculty of the Bible Department of the College, of which com- mittee the President of the College shall be chairman, ex-officio. Seventh — Let the scholarship be bestowed upon each ben- eficiary, as hereinafter provided, for the term of years (one year at a time) required to complete the most thorough course in said department. Eighth — Let the said committee elect, subject to the ap- proval of the Society, as beneficiaries of this scholarship, only such young men and women as are known to be of high Chris- tian character, and that are preparing to devote their lives to active mission work; it being understood and provided that a failure on the part of the beneficiary to maintain his accus- tomed standard of Christian deportment shall forfeit his right to the scholarship. Ninth — Let the endowment Fund be created and maintained by the following means: (1) By fees paid for membership in the Society; (2) by general collections, donations, subscrip- tions, etc. Tenth — At the first meeting in January of each year, let a full report be read of the work done by the committee during the year just closed, together with a satisfactory statement of the financial condition of the enterprise in hand. Furthermore, MISSION WORK IN PARTICULAR. 5 1 let the committee be authorized to make a public report dfir- ing commencement week, or at such other times as the needs of the work may require. M. A. Good, ^ J. W. Wayland, j Jno. S. Flory, [- Com. S. L. Bowman, J. D. Miller, The Constitution says on Membership : Sec. 1. — Any person who resides within reach of the Col- lege (whether student or not), so that he can attend the regu- lar meetings of the Society, may become an active member of the Society and receive a certificate of membership on the payment of an initiation fee of 10 cents. Sec. 2.- — Each active member shall pay an annual fee of 10 cents. Sec. 3. — Any person who has become an active member of the Society, may, on leaving the school, retain his membership as an absent member of the Society by the payment of a year- ly fee of 50 cents ; which payment shall entitle him each year to a book of missionary character, whose retail price shall be about 50 cents. Sec. 4. — Any Christian who has an earnest desire for the salvation of souls and wishes to keep in touch with missionary endeavor may become an absent member of the Society and re- ceive a certificate of membership by paying an initiation fee of 10 cents ; it being understood and provided further that he may retain his membership by complying with the conditions of Art. TL, Sec. 3. Sec. 5. — All active members, who, instead of paying the 10-cent annual fee, prefer to pay the 50-cent fee and receive the book, shall have the privilege of so doing. Sec. 6. — Any person mak4ng a donation to the amount of 12 dollars to the Society at one time, shall be made a life mem- ber of the Society and shall thereafter be exempt from regular fees. Since May 30, 1902, eighty-four certificates of membership have been issued by the Society. [This was written in July, 52 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. 1903.] These figures do not indicate the total number of per- sons that have been members of the Society, because there were no certificates issued during the first two years. Of the eighty- four certificates issued, thirty-eight were for active member- ship of persons at college ; thirteen were for absent annual mem- bers ; and thirty-three were for life members, present and ab- sent. Here are the names of the life members: Prof. Jno. S. Florj', Bridgewater, Va. Miss Lula Kyger, Port Republic, Va. John William Miller, New Hope, Va. Eld. S. L. Bowman, Cowans, Va. Prof. J. W. Wayland, .... Bridgewater, Va. Mrs. S. L. Bowman, Cowans, Va. Pres. W. B. Yount, Bridgewater, Va. Jacob S. Zigler, Bridgewater, Va. Prof. John D. Miller, .Bridgewater, Va. Eld. D. H. Zigler, Mayland, Va. Walter A. Myers, Broadway, Va. Mrs. D. H. Zigler, Mayland, Va. Prof. W. K. Conner, Bridgewater, Va. J. David Wine, Moores Store, Va. Frank C. Kaetzel, Gapland, Md. James R. Shipman, Bridgewater, Va. John D. Garber, Greenmount, Va. J. W. Harpine Hamburg, Va. Prof. Weldon T. Myers, .... Broadway, Va. Mrs. Effie Showalter Long, Prof. B. M. Hedrick,. .. .Bridgewater, Va. Anklesvar, India. J. B. Shaffer, Singers Glen, Va. Mrs. Ottie Showalter Myers, Prof. M. A. Good, Bridgewater, Va. Bridgewater, Va. Prof. J. A. Garber, Timberville, Va. Fred J. Wampler, Harrisonburg, Va. Miss Atha M. Spitzer, Mayland, Va. Eld. Abram Conner, Manassas, Va. Prof. B. F. Wampler, ..N. Manchester, Ind. Samuel M. Bowman, ... .Linville Depot, Va. Miss Cora Ringgold, ... .Spring Creek, Va. Mrs. W. K. Conner, Bridgewater, Va. Miss Savilla Wenger, Bridgewater, Va. Isaac N. Zigler, Broadway, Va. Another productive source of inspiration to the Society was the visit of Elder W. B. Stover, of Bulsar, India. College Life of February 15, 1902, says: "The students and friends of the College were especially favored during the week in Janu- ary from the 17th to the 24th by the presence of Eld. W. B. Sto- ver, of Bulsar, India. Elder Stover has been seven years a mis- sionary in India, and is actively alive to his work, — looking eager- ly forward to his return to the mission field next autumn. His field of labor in India is adjacent to that of Eld. S. N. McCann, who (as a former teacher in this institution) is familiar to most of the readers of College Life. " During his stay with us Elder Stover held a daily con- ference in the College chapel, at which conferences any one present was at liberty to ask any question pertaining in any way to India, its people, climate, products, etc., or to the varied work of the missionary among the heathen. Each evening a lecture was delivered to the eager th-rongs of listeners that crowded the room, to its utmost capacity. Among others, the MISSION WORK li\ PARTICULAR. 53 following- subjects were developed: 'The People of India- How We Do and How They Do ; ' ' The Great Famine of 190U;' 'Idolatry in India;' 'India under the British Flag;' ' Manners and Customs ; ' ' Caste in India.' " The fact was clearly brought out, that unless one is an efficient worker in home fields he cannot ex- pect his work to be a success in In- dia or anywhere else, because that after a year or two in a foreign field the missionary practically becomes at home among the people. Then, too, the better classes of the Hin- doos, Mohammedans, and Parsis are of remarkable intelligence, and must be met as one would meet intelligent, educated people in America or Eng- land. " The missionary spirit, which was strong at the College before Bro. Stover's sojourn with us, has received tremendous impulse from his labors in our midst." And now that two others of our numl)er are going to the foreign field, Bridgewatcr College will doubtless feel her in- terest there increased manifoldly. And the fact that they are supported by our own District proves that the hearts of our people, as a whole, are in the work. Elder McCann was for a long time closely identified with the College, being Professor of Natural Science and Biblical Studies at the time of his call to his present work. The Col- lege sustained a heavy loss in giving him up for. the Master's service beyond the waters. Isaac S. Long was a student four years at the College, graduating as a B. A. in 1S99. The next year he spent at the I^niversity of Virginia, and then taught two years in the Mary- land Collegiate Institute. Since then he has given his time to ministerial w^ork. and has been very successful in the meet- in es he has held. Isaac S. Long. (See Chap- ter XI [ for Biograph- ical Sketch.) 54 BRIDGE WAT KR COLl.EGE. Other workers that have gone out from the College, to- gether with those just mentioned, will receive particular no- tice in other parts of this volume. Though the Missionary Society of Bridgewater Col- lege is very young, it has grown wonderfully, — increas- ing in numbers, in earnest- ness, in material means. If it continues correspondingly in the future, as it most assured- ly will, there is open before it a broad field, there is in its hands a mighty power, that will make its influence felt from shore to shore, and to Bffie Showalter Long. (See Chapter the UttCrmOSt parts of the Xn for Biographical Sketch.) earth. EFFIE SHOWALTER LONG. [Since the above was written (July, 1903), an inner circle of the Missionary Society, known as the Mission Band, has developed. Its members have pledged themselves to work in any part of the world, as they may be called by the church, and are preparing themselves by the various acts of practi- cal service that their hands find to do. The 34th name in the list of life members of the Society was added Sept. 6, 1904.— J. W. W.l CHAPTER V. THE LITERARY SOCIETIES AND THEIR WORK. An unl)i"okcn history of twenty-four years measures the life and progress of the Literary Societies right along- with the life of tlie Institution itself. It was at Spring- Creek in the session of 18(Sl-'82 that the first literary society was organized, which at first was doubtless denominated merely " The Soci- ety "; but which, after two years of progressive labor, was dis- tinguished by the name " Elite." The Elite Literary Society grew as the College grew, so that in lSS7-'88 it was divided into two independent sections. Next year a writer in the Bridge-water Collegian witnesses as fol- lows, respecting the Elite and society work in general: "Our young men and ladies deserve to be highly commended for their marked progress in the literary societies. This work re- ceives much attention at Bridge water College, and is as strong- ly urged upon the students as their daily recitations. Besides the two divisions of the Elite Literary Society, which meet each Eriday evening, there are also the ' Ciceronians ' and ' Demos- thenians ' (both impromptu work entirely) kept up by the young men, and the 'Working Girls' (impromptu also), which meet on Saturday." Thus an observer of the Society wrote at that time. Look- ing back from to-day upon the old Elite, what impresses us most? The Society was superintended and controlled by the Faculty, and participation in its work was required of every stu- dent. About the year 1889, society activity reached its climax; enlisting the supreme efforts of the student-body; engrossing many other interests ; unrivaled in these particulars by any pe- riod since. From that high tide the Society fell suddenly to its lowest ebb ; and within one year had become stagnant and dead. These things impress us most as we look back. Forthwith from the ruins of the Elite, the Philomathean Literary Society arose. This was in the year 1890-'91. The new Societv flourished until the fall of 1897 ; and then its end 56 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. was far different from that of its predecessor. It ended not because of weakness, but because of strength and numbers. A division of its forces had become imperative ; the making of which division was placed in the hands of a committee of the Faculty; and though the name and the labors of the Society were dear in the hearts of the members, nevertheless the old name was given up and the old associations were severed. VICTORIAN HALL. The Philomathean Literary Society commends itself to our notice chiefly for these reasons, that it instituted the Philoma- thean Monthly, and that it was the parent of the two present societies. The division of the old Philomathean Society having been completed, each section gathered its own together and took im- mediate measures for organization. Constitutions were formed by special committees ; one division called its name Victorian, the other, Virginia Lee. These bodies entered into life with great enthusiasm and rejoicing. Few were the stuaents in all the school, who did not choose to enlist with either the Vic- torians or the Virginia Lees. THE LITERARY SOCIETIES. 57 These Societies flourish to this day. Apart from their reg- ular programs, which they render week after week throughout the year; and the public programs, which are regularly as fol- lows: separate programs on the anniversary of the organiza- tion of each society, a joint program at Christmas, and sepa- rate programs at commencement ; — besides all this regular and faithful work, there are two noteworthy branches of the activ- ity of the Societies, namely, the Libraries and the Philoinathcan Monthly. VIRGINIA LEE HALL. The old Philomathean Literary Society had collected a number of excellent volumes, some well, some weakly bound ; and just as the boys and girls were on that memorable day di- vided into two groups, so the old books which stood together upon the Philomathean shelves were taken one from the other and labeled with new names. Year after year beautiful vol- umes have been added by donation and purchase, until to-day, in the east and south corners of the new library, two spacious, handsome cases, containing each several hundred volumes, in- vite the lover of gfood literature to come and read. 58 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. As for the Philomathcan Monthly, it thrives securely from the joint support of Victorian and Virginia Lee. Something has been said elsewhere about this, and also, to whomsoever will hear, it speaks for itself. On any Friday night in their new halls on the third story of Founders' Hall, you may see the bright lights of the Victorians and Virginia Lees. Those halls have been furnished with great expense, subscribed largely by the devoted members. To have contributed to this, and to all other common interests, will be no regret to those, who, after two or more years of faithful service, carry away diplomas awarded by the societies, — bright mementos of glad days, of labor, and reward. [A third literary society, organipced early in the session 1904-'5, is now in opera- tion.] W. T. MYERS. CHAPTER VI. "LITTLE MAG" AND HER KINDRED. Excepting' the Annual Catalog, which is taken for granted, the service of the printing press, in behalf of Bridgewater Col- lege, has for a number of years consisted in issuing two peri- odicals. The first is College Life, which, according to the lat- est catalog, is a " quarterly, conducted chiefly by members of the Faculty, aiming to encourage young men and women ev- erywhere to secure as good education as possible, and to keep the Alumni and other friends of the institution in closest and most cordial touch with the needs and progress of the College." It was late in the year 1899 that College Life was born, or rather sprang forth full-fledged, to her work. The second pe- riodical above referred to is the Philoiiiatliean Monthly, which, according to the same catalog, " is a modest journal of pure literature published by the two literary societies. Its aim is two-fold : first, to offer a medium for the preservation, in per- manent form, of the best thoughts of the members, and for the cultivation of a chaste and graceful literary style; and sec- ond, to unite in kindly remembrance and active interest all members of the societies, new and old." Thus the sum of literary endeavor, as of everything else in school life, is made up of the labor of teacher and the la- bor of student ; and it was only when both teacher and stu- dent did their part, only when both College Life and Phlloiiia- tJieaii Monthly entered their respective spheres of service, that the College began to express herself in an adeipiate and worthy manner. It was in 1S96 that the student-mind declared itself ready and determined for a publication of its own, and as a result the Philomatheaii appeared ; the first really responsible enterprise ever undertaken by the student-body. On the other hand, Col- lege Life, which came forth in 1899, was new only in name and minor details, its general purpose having been carried on years before by the Normal Worker and later by the Bridgewater 59 6o BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. Collegian. So that College Life was virtually a reappearance, in recent years, of those former publications of the Facult}-. Let us see how this is true. Going- back to the beginning, we find the student-body silent ; and the first voice of the Vir- ginia Normal, in the way of literary publications, is the three- columned quarto, issued first in 18S6, bearing the modest name of Educational A'ofes^ and the simple motto : " Devoted to the interests of the Virginia Normal School, and to education gen- erally." Necessity made Educational A'otes a mere catalog of the school. The succeeding periodical found it possible to add a great deal. The J^irgiiiia Xonnal Worker, a quarterly of larger form, more inviting appearance, and more universal purpose than Educational Notes, was issued first in November, 1887. The school paper had evidently come to a full understanding of its mission — to do what was possible, in its sphere, for the good of the school and of education in general. Its contents plainly pointed in that direction. Of its eight pages, about five were devoted to educational topics of general interest, and three to the news and advertisement of the school. What therefore College Life began to serve in 1899, the Normal Worker had begun to serve twelve years before. It was about the same size, had the same general appearance, was ptiblished quarterly, conducted by the Faculty, and treated the same class of subjects in the same way. The second volume of the JJ'orker was issued as a monthly; and when, in 1889, the name of the school was changed to Bridgewater College, the paper ^\■as called the Bridgewater Col- legian. Having" thus seen how College Life originated, — how in the early years the Faculty of the school began to publish what it had to say, — we must next learn how the Philoniathean Monthly — the student-voice — originated and developed. By looking closely into those old sheets, which hold the school history of twenty-five years ago, we shall see that just as College Life descended in a direct line from Educational Notes, through the Normal Worker and Bridgenater Collegian, so also the Pluloniathean must claim its parentage there. Yet with "little mag" and her kindred. 01 this difference: The Educational Notes, Bridgcivatcr Collegian and College Life form one continuous stock, while the Pliilo- mathean Monthly is an offshoot from that stock. Those old papers, though sternly representing the instruction and control of the school, have yet in them an element of student life and thought — an element which, expanding and strengthening, aft- erwards separated, set up independently, and called itself the Philoniatlwan Monthly. The facts of the matter may be summed up as follows : Educational Notes had no student contributions ; volume one of the Worker had none; but in volume two, December, 1888, is printed a short essay written by a member of the Composition Class; and before the volume ended in August. 1SS9, it had pub- lished fourteen contributions from students — four essays, three orations, and seven letters. The next volume, which ended in August, isi)0, was dou- bly rich, containing thirty-three pieces from students : three letters, one poem, two orations, and twenty-seven essays. Now we see how in two years, 1889 and 1890, the student talent was awakened and inspired to exert itself in literary lines ; and doubtless if the school had not been interrupted in its prog- ress the Philoinathean or some similar organ would have been established independently by the students. Enough, however, has been said to show how the spirit of the Philouiathcan orig- inated and developed, and was for a time incorporated in the Bridgezvatcr Collegian, along with matter proper to the present College Life. The Collegian was not issued regularly after the spring of 1892, and for four years thereafter very little seems to have been published by the College. The reason for this decay of literary life is found elsewhere in this histor}', and, as for our story, we shall now take up the Philoniatliean proper. The Philoinathean Monthly originated in the Philnmathean Literary vSociety, and thence received its name. Created by and for the Society, it took as a motto: "Alive to the interests of the Society." But it grew larger than that, in course of time. .Society interests indeed, being at that time especially promi- nent, were particularly named : but, later it came to pass that 62 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. the Alumni found a welcome consideration at the Alma Mater, and Athletics rose to a claim of attention. Then the Philoma- tliean opened her columns wide to these interests also, and showed herself in the broadest and best purpose what she really was and yet is : " Alive to the interests of the whole student- body of Bridgewater College." Three tolerably definite stages mark the history of the Monthly, and each stage was introduced by the united and res- olute effort of the students. First was the beginning. The earliest issue was in May,. 1896 ; it was very thin and very clean cut. Its gray cover contained sixteen two-column pages, for Essays, Editorials, Society News,. and General News. The first twelve numbers, which make up volume one, are as nearly alike in size and looks as twelve sep- arate things can well be. Compared with recent copies, that first Philomathean is most remarkable for its modesty of ap- pearance and for the meagerness of the third dimension. Yet in it was the germ of life, planted there by its devoted founders, and destined, by reason of great care and sacrifice bestowed upon it, to flourish into strength and usefulness. Vokuiie two is noteworthy more for what it attempted than for what it accomplished. It attempted, in two ways, to be- come popular : by displaying an artistic and attractive cover,, and by introducing a music department. But these changes were not destined to last or work lasting influence. The second important stage comes in with number eight of volume three, December, 1898. As a forewarning we read in number six, of October, the first original story ever published by the Monthly; and an edi- torial entitled, "What Shall Our Paper Be? " which says, among other things: "Our paper ought to be larger, it ought to be remodeled ; instead of sixteen pages we ought to have twice that number; instead of the mean price of twenty-five cents, we ought to pay a dollar for the paper. . . . Up to this time few articles have been written especially for the paper." These words printed there onh' show what all the devotees of the little Magazine were thinking and talking together. And just two issues later the change burst upon us. The bright '■ LITTLE MAG " AXU HER KINDRED. 63 cover is gone : the two-column page, the music, the low sub- scription price, all are gone ; and hereafter nine numbers com- plete the volume. The departments are somewhat altered, and more definitely marked. The Society News is no more in sep- arate columns, but is merged in the general locals. There are four distinct departments now : Literary, Editorial, Local, and Exchange. About the only thing left to verify the identity of the old paper is the name Philoniafhcaii Monthly. That was anchored fast. After nearly three years of steady progress, a noble effort, in 1901. was put forth to strengthen and enlarge the Monthly to the utmost capacity that the College could afford. The ef- fort was successful. Two new departments were added, and the old were imbued with new life. In everything — in the cut of the cover — in the quality of the paper — in the very type it- self — improvement shone forth ; and the 3*Iagazine stepped up to the rank it holds to-day. Let us now note the various points of growth. At first the Monthly declared itself an exponent of the Society : but grad- ually the prominence of society work was leveled with other interests. True, even now the Societies publish the paper ; that is, they elect the Editor-in-Chief and Business ^Managers, and pledge support ; but they do not publish themselves in the Monthly any more. The Alumni Association, organized in 1899, adopted the Monthly as its publishing medium. A page for Book Reviews was set apart throughout vol- ume six, but has not continued since. A department for ^Magazine Reviews was opened in volume six, and continues stilk A'olume seven gave a place to Athletics, which continues still. The Editors-in-Chief have been as follows : J. \\\ Wayland, 1896-'9T and 189r-'98 ; J. C. :Myers, ]898-'99 ; "w. T. Myers, 1899-'00; J. D. Miller, 1900-'01 ; J. A. Garber, ]901-"02; W. H. Sanger, 1902-'03 : W. A. flyers, 190:^>-'(U. The Editor-in-Chief and the Business Manager have been " LITTLE MAG " AND HER KINDRED. 65 elected from the Societies, one from one Society, the other from the other, on alternate years. The Editor-in-Chief of the first two volumes came from the Philomathean Society ; of the third volume, from the Victorian Society. , The heaviest burden of the Monthly has l^een the burden of poverty. The first three years it suffered most. The sources of income were subscriptions and advertisements. Private do- nations once or twice saved it from insolvency. The second volume was succored by a gift from the Trustees, which has been renewed annually until the present. At the Commence- ment of 1899, the Societies reaped a bountiful harvest from two public programs, held in the interest of their needy protege; which custom, kept up ever since, has proved itself a great finan- cial factor. More recently, advertisements have come to be the chief source of revenue. To the Business Manager, for the most part, these financial anxieties were consigned. Fortunately, since 1902, it requires two to fill that office. Over the Editor's chair hung the next darkest cloud. How ta get original and worthy contributions without vv^riting all himself,— essays, poems, and stories, besides the inevitable editorials, — was a question, which, in some way or other, got itself answered as the months went by. This is the PhilomatJieon Monthly, her past and present; her future must be determined by what the College itself is to be. W. T. MYERS. CHAPTER VII. THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION AND ITS AIMS. This volume deals most largely with the past and present. It, however, is especially within the scope of this chapter to lift the veil of the future and to " flitch a few trees." This is not a prophetic sketch and yet, what the future may be and what it ought to be, is a burden upon this chapter. The organization of the Alumni Association of Bridgewater College had its origin among the active workers at the college during the session of 1898-'99. It was on the sixth of June, 1899, that a goodly number of alumni, friends of education, and many students of the college, assembled to organize the forces of this department. After a session remarkably fraught with a general good feeling, happy and wise remarks and discussions, the organization was effected with J. W. Wayland as president and Cora A. Driver as secretary. It has flourished all the while. This book is its latest eflrort. A constitution was adopted at the organization of the As- sociation, June 6, 1899. At a special meeting held in Harrison- burg on July 29, following, by-laws were framed and adopted. A copy of the printed constitution and by-laws may be obtained by addressing, with enclosed stamp, the Secretary and Treasurer, Prof. John S. Flory, Bridgewater, Va. Thus far- — Aug. 16, 1904 - — the Association has regularly elected 157 members. All of them, by our Father's goodness, are still living. The President for the year beginning June 1, 1904, is Prof. John C. Myers, B. A., a member of the class of 1900. The object of the Association as set forth in the constitu- tion under Article II is here quoted. "The object of the As- sociation shall be to promote the welfare and progress of Bridge- water College, to bring the alumni in closer touch with each other and with the institution, to foster a feeling of general good fellowship, and to form an organized nucleus for work in behalf of our Alma Mater." The association of brain and effort under such a banner of 66 THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 67 ideas as the foregoing-, is a marked event. Without attempting to adhere technically to the outline set forth, the current chap- ter shall present the objects of the Association first in the broad- est sense. I. WITH REFERENCE TO THE RACE. The educational institution or the association of educational effort whatever, is too low in ideal, if its object is not so high as heaven nor yet so broad as the race and truth. Surely every alumnus of Bridgewater College believes that the Association and the College stand avowedly for the honor of God and the beneficence of mankind. The Association must ever see to it that the loftiness and scope of its mission be cor- respondingly great. We very readily find that the objects of the Association and of the College in general, are one and the same thing. Their interests are identified. 1, . Correct Ideas.- — Our Lord and Savior came from God and went to God. Man had his origin in God and when he dies will return thither. If the earthly life has been " hid with Christ in God," man will remain with God forever. Certain ancient poets testify that we are all the offspring of God. Saint Paul endorses the doctrine. Man therefore is of divine origin, and by virtue of obedience to Christ, he is destined to heavenly and eternal habitation. The thought of God — of the Infinite in time and space and power and love and truth — is the sublimest of human intelligence. Jesus Christ is God " manifest in the flesh." By virtue of man's origin and destiny and by virtue of man's constitvition, Christ becomes his ideal. All that is possible in man may be seen in Christ. All that is seen in Christ may be realized by man. Natural religion and revealed religion are regarded as in- separable in the teachings of Jesus. " For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being- understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead." So that natural forms become the symbols of eternal truth and the expression of the Christian religion. Ob- ject lessons is not a new mode of teaching. It is God's method. The basic nature of symbols in the Christian church and in all 68 BRIDGEVVATER COLLEGE. departments of life, is essential to true education. Man himself is a symbol of God. The strictest temperance therefore should be exercised throughout all the functions of the body and of in- tellection, emotion, and volition. Every dewdrop in its sphericity teaches that God wants symmetry. He demands symmetry of body and of mind. A harmonious development of mind and body should be eternally sought. We recognize that intrinsic- ally true education is of self effort, and that at best the teacher can present only the necessary occasion, the inspiration, and the direction. Symmetry of mind and symmetry of body are graces of highest attainment. The sober mind, therefore, leaves the brutal pugilist on the one hand and the nervous, emaciated dyspeptic on the other. Every person by daily effort should endeavor to live " in tune with the Infinite." The Association, therefore, must endeavor to represent correct and adequate ideas of the True, of the Beautiful, of the Good. 2. Inspiration. — Besides the fact that our Association bodies forth the best ideas of education, of life, of duty, and of destiny, it means also to breathe everywhere the spirit of encouragement, of helpfulness, and of holy inspiration. Our institution of grad- uates should not only inspire, in the sense of awakening, but should foster along the whole line of development, the spirit of encouragement. We should breathe upon the body of slumber- ing elements about us, whence it should become a wakeful, ac- tive agent for the progress of all that is good. No person nor yet any body of persons can be worth anything without the ability to incite action. Consider the forces of inspiration un- der the eloquence of a Demosthenes, a Henry, or a Phillips, else under the gushing words of an Apollos or of the " Sons of Thunder." Personal presence and living words are needed to inspire everywhere. The Lord grant that our Association may be a center from which the loftiest and purest inspiration may radiate forever ! True inspiration will result in lofty aspiration and nobility of character, yea, in the grandest achievements. 3. Directive. — In a scheme of education there must be seed to scatter — correct ideas of things ; and the " breath of life " must be sent forth — holy inspiration. But these, basic as they are, are not enough. Guiding or giving direction, shape, and tenden- THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 69 cy of development is also fundamental in pedagogic science. Every true teacher is the embodiment of sound ideas, and he can do no more for any pupil than to incite his elements of strength and to direct his efforts. What is true of the individ- ual teacher is true of the institutional pedagogue. Our Associ- ation therefore represents professedly not only the embodiment of wisdom and inspiration, but it stands also as a directive agency of human effort toward the highest usefulness and happiness of mankind. II. WITH REFERENCE TO OUR ALMA MATER. Heretofore the attention has been directed to a general scope of the work, its character, its outwardness, and its func- tions. Let us now turn our minds somewhat introspectively and consider more specifically the welfare of the College. 1. Tc Make Friends. — The importance of having friends is inestimable. It is another expression for public opinion, for public sentiment. Abraham Lincoln said, " Without public sentiment nothing can succeed ; with public sentiment noth- ing can fail ; therefore he who aids in forming public sentiment goes deeper into public affairs than he that enacts statutes." Our Association fosters true friendship among its members. It tends to develop the faculty of friendship in each of us. Thus we are better cjualified to make friends. He who would have " friends must show himself friendly." This friendly spir- it will radiate wherever we go and will manufacture friends for Bridgewater College. And if " mighty events turn on a straw and the crossing of a brook decides the conquest of a world," surely our Association must produce a bountiful harvest of friends and be a glorious factor in the work and destiny of the College. 2. To Get Students. — No school can exist without stu- dents. Students are a necessity to the success and to the per- petuity of a college. The Alumni Association in talking for each other and in representing the college will necessarily be more fully " set for the defense " of the Institution, which will tend to increase the patronage. Every graduate of Bridge- water College should regard himself or herself a committee of THE ALUMNI AbSOClATION. 7I one to enlarge the attendance. It is true that in any noble work quality is preferable to quantity; yet other things be- ing equal, the more the better. From its character, the Col- lege is too good not to be represented by great numbers. The Faculty ought to be able to say, " Students to the right of us, students to the left of us, students in front of us, and stu- dents to follow." They ought to be literally crozvded! " Boys and girls,'' send them in ! Your friendship, your wisdom, your force of character will " go out into the highways and hedges and compel them to come in." Bridgewater College must be full ! Bridgewater College has rendered herself worthy of " double honor " by encouraging the poor but aspiring youth. The hard-worked young man has always found a home within her sacred precincts. She takes " The Man with a Hoe " and helps to straighten his form and to develop his forehead. 3. To Secure Money. — Money is not an essential element of an educational institution, yet it is fundamental to its exist- ence and to its success. Money is no more a part of an institution of learning than it is a part of human character ; yet without it no college can be operated. Certain people are the institu- tion, but money is the operating lever and should always be used in lifting the race. The money must come. This is a necessary edict, but it may often be put in softer words. Our Association is pledged to lend a helping hand in every financial need and effort of our well-beloved Alma Mater. III. WITH SUNDRY REFERENCE. Aside from the vital points already offered, the needs of the Library must be kindly remembered. Good books. Big iDOoks. Little books. New books. Old books. Who can not help? Then there is the Museum. It is the world past and pres- -ent, multnin in parvo. Specimens of worth " from the four corners of the earth " should be gathered in great number and variety. The Mineral Kingdom. The Vegetable Kingdom. The Animal Kingdom. The Realm of Art. Specimens of ores .and stones. Plant specimens of every clime. Fowls of the air 72 BRIDGE WATER COLLEGE. and fishes of the sea. Fourfooted beasts, and of all that moves. Manufactures of all ages. What can you do? Furthermore, the Association within itself will be amply re- warded. Who can describe that personal satisfaction from the contact with those of such kindred ties ? " Virtue is its own reward." We shall have sweet " fellowship one with another." " Joy unspeakable ! " Summary. — With a multitude of friends, with constant ad- ditions to library and museum, with a yearly increase of at- tendance, with a growing treasury, our Alma Mater will be moving gloriously forward in her mission sublime. Represent- ing sound doctrine, pedagogically and theologically, and fur- nishing inspiration to a higher and nobler life in the world through Christ Jesus, and assisting in directing the efforts of men and women everywhere in a right line toward complete and harmonious development, God grant that our Alumni As- sociation may redound to His honor and glory, now and for- ever ! Amen. I. N. H. BEAHM. CHAPTER VIII. SOCIy\L PHASES AND THE "CO-ED" PROBLExVI. Education is training, not learning. Learning is a neces- sary element in education, but not the chief element; it is in- cidental to the main purpose. It is the proper business of a, college to train for practical life. Now practical life is life in social relations. We live in families and communities. In country or town, at home or abroad, on the street, in the store, whatever our vocation or rank, we have to do constantly with each other. " No man liv- eth unto himself." These simple truths are stated here for the purpose of directing attention to two things. The first is the importance of the social side of college life. What a student gets by go- ing to college is not all set down in the printed courses of study. The general atmosphere of the institution, what is known as the " life " of the school, may have more to do in shaping his character and career than all he learns about Chaucer, Chemis- try, or Calculus. To omit attention, then, to the social life of the student, is to neglect a vital factor in his education. The second thing is the point of view from which we must consider the question of a social code for college students. The conception of education presented in the opening paragraph, involves the dominance of the training idea in social as well as in other phases. This is the policy for which Bridgewater Col- lege stands. The social code which she seeks to maintain is practically the same as that observed by well-bred people ev- erywhere. There are, indeed, conditions in the social life of a college which do not exist in society generally. Young- people are brought together in larger numbers, and are more frequent- ly in each other's company, than is usual in ordinary life. They come from different families and sections of country, with dif- ferent kinds of previous training. These facts increase the dif- ficulty of maintaining a proper ?ocial standard, but they do not require that the standard itself should be exceptional. They 73 74 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. make necessary special care on the part of college authorities, but young people in college, of the same sex or of opposite sexes, should he taught and trained to accord each other the same refined, respectful courtesy, as that which marks the true gen- tleman and lady who do not happen to be in college. It is of course implied in this that the sexes are to be per- mitted to associate with each other. How much and in what ways? About as much and in such ways as other well-behaved THE CONFLUENCE OF NORTH AND DRY RIVERS, FROM •■ LOVERS' LEAP." young people do. This is the general answer; a few details of the Bridgewater policy may be of interest. The ladies and gentlemen meet daily in the class rooms and dining halls. The latter occasion furnishes excellent opportunity for an important kind of social culture. An occasional general reception is held at which all have opportunities for mutual acquaintance and social enjoyment. Gentlemen accompany the ladies from lit- erary society meetings and on like occasions. " Spooning " is not considered in arood form and is discourasred. SOCIAL PHASES. 75 The doctrine of co-education seems to be involved in the general ])rinciples stated at the beginning of the chapter. Since the world in which the student is to live is made up of men and women in constant association with each other, it is difficult to see why the sexes should be separated for the particular pe- riod of college life. Ought they not rather have the special advantages which this period aflords for training in the social proprieties? Against this easy and natural conclusion two lead- ing objections are urged. One of these is that masculine and feminine minds are dif- ferently constituted and should not be subjected to the same educational treatment. It is urged that the system of educa- tion in vogue in co-educational colleges is a system adapted to men, and that women are being forced into a masculine mold; the tendency is to make women less womanly. There is some force in this objection. What it calls for, however, is not the abandonment of co-education, but some modification of present conditions. This is only one element in a larger problem. It is a mistake to give precisely the same education, not only to both sexes, but also to all persons of the same sex. There should be greater adaptation to individual requirements than obtains under the present system. This in- dividual idea need never be carried so far, however, as to rule out class instruction. There will always be many who may receive instruction in the same subject at the same time. Just so, there are subjects adapted to the needs of the respective sexes, and for such, separate classes should be provided. But there are a great many subjects which may be taught to both sexes together as well as separately ; and there is no reason why all the instruction for both sexes may not be provided by the same institution. We must beware of making too much of sex distinction in education. There are dififerences which ought to be recognized, but the resemblances between the male and female minds are far greater than the differences. Nature has decreed that men and women are to live together, and has given them minds capable of education sufficiently alike to enable them to live aereeablv. 76 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. The ether stock objection to co-education is that students in such institutions are in too much danger of getting married, or, at least, of wanting to marry, which is perhaps worse. It is hard to treat this objection with the seriousness which those who urge it must think it deserves. Do they forget that the tendency to marry is not pecuHar to college students? I have positive knowledge of several cases where young people got married .who had never been to college, but no one ever thought of making this an argument against allowing the sexes to live in the same neighborhood. If such marriages were particularly liable to be unhappy, the objection would have weight. But there is no evidence that this is the case. Since people will marry, college life is as favorable to wise choice as any other. Is it that "co-ed" marriages are too early? The facts do not justify the assumption. Premature marriage is more common among- tlie uneducated than among the educated, even the co- educated. Besides, the exact age at which all people should marry has not yet been finally settled. Another phase of this objection is that love-making hin- ders intellectual progress. The truth is, it does not work alike in all cases. Sometimes the desire to appear worthy acts as a decided stimulant. But of course there are cases in which the interested parties are practically proof against intellectual progress as well as all other kinds but one. In such instances we have simply to be as charitable as we can and make the best of it. After all, intellectual progress is not the only thing that makes life worth living. Moses made allowance for such weaknesses by excusing the men from war during the honey- moon time. That co-education is destructive of morals, as is sometimes said, we do not believe. The available evidence does not show that the moral standard is higher in separate than in co-educa- tional schools. Legitimate association of the sexes is more con- ducive to moral purity than separation. It should be freely granted that there are particular cases in which this policy is not practicable. This is simply to admit that there are per- sons in the world whose morals, or lack of morals, unfit them for membership in respectable society anywhere. When such SOCIAL PHASES. 'J'J are discovered b}" college authorities, they should be giveu cer- tain useful information about the connection of trains. Occa- sional instances of this kind cannot count against co-education as a general policy, certainly not against such a policy at Bridge- Avater. EDWARD FRANTZ. CHAPTER IX. THE " PHYSICAL PHASE." If a primary duty of man is to be a good animal — since a sound body is one of the necessary conditions for a strong, well- balanced and vigorous mind — then the urgent importance of physical training in connection with mental and moral culture at once becomes apparent. Hence it is that our high schools^ colleges, and universities, almost without exception, provide a BASEBALL TEAM OF '97-8. department of athletics, as well as departments of science, lan- guage, and history. The play-ground of the old country school- house, toward which many of our cherished memories are drawn backward through the years, was an athletic field; and the shouts, races, and routs of a too-short happy youth mingled as essential elements in the making of the generation. The word athletics is significant in itself. It is a heritage of the race from hoar antiquity. It comes to us in a numerous and 78 THE ' PHYSICAL PHASE. 79 illustrious company from the Greeks^ — that matchless race that strove with such wonderful success to develop itself in true emo- tions and physical symmetry, as well as in the pervasive powers of intellect. AtJiloii to the ( ireeks meant a prize; and an athletes was one who strove for a prize ; and hence the word athletics comes to each generation as a testimonial from the past, hearing- witness that the heathen — even the heathen, wdio died hefore the fidl day-dawn, and who in consecpience saw the best in life but diml}', had yet a marked delight in that which called forth their energies in an upward stri\'ing, and a desire to attain inito excellence. A great living American has written : " Athletic sports, if followed properly, . . . are admirable for developing char- acter." Do we enquire how this is true? Let St. Paul answer: " Every man that strivetli in the games is temperate in all things." (1 Cor. I): 2.-). — R. \'.) The (ireeks had solved the problem hundreds of years before St. Paul was born. Not that every Greek athlete approached near to the ideal, any more than do the modern athletes in our schools and colleges ; human nature was as hard to keep in proper l^alance then as now : but the (ireeks, as well as St. Paul and educators of to-day, had an ideal towards which they endeavored to approach. They did not al- low men to enter the games without careful and prolonged train- ing; and each athlete's life was regulated as much as possible bv a strict, systematic, normal standard, (^ur large colleges of to-day adopt very similar standards. Alen are not allowed to enter for the severer contests unless they are foimd by tlie ex- amining- physician to be physically fit. Tliey are then put upon systematic training; their meat and their drink is prescribed for them. Tobacco, alcohol, etc., are strictly forbidden. In small colleges, like ours, where the processes are less complicated, the same general principles are nevertheless applied. Thus, if a suc- cessful striving for excellence in the games necessitates regular and temperate habits in eating, drinking, living, and in physical exercise itself, we may easily see how athletic sports, if followed properly, " are admirable for de\eloping cliaracter." Again: a healthy, i^liysical exertion in athletic sports works 8o BKIDGEWATEK COLLEGE. off a surplus animal nature in the youth, that would be actually dangerous otherwise : dangerous not only in greatly increasing the difficulties of the faculty in the way of discipline and good order; but dangerous even more to the student himself, who, without sufficient physical exercise, is most vulnerable to the devils of thirst and lust. John R. ^Nlott, who prol^ably knows more college students in all parts of the world than any other ATHLKTli' FIELL. LCx iKIXG XORTK. AND MOT."R HTT.T< TN THE DISTANCE. man living, \\as heard not long ago by the writer of these lines to assert that he is always relieved of much suspense wdien he sees college men entering heartily into athletic sports, since they are thereby less liable to fall into sin. But youth is headlong by nature ; and, as already intimated, college youth in their zeal for athletics often pitch the balance on the side — generally the wrong side. It is so easy to get up a tremendous enthusiasm over a game of football or baseball ; and then sometimes other things suffer. And these things that suf- fer are often the things of higher importance and value. For we should never forget, even in the highest surges of athletic THI:: ■ rilVSlCAL PHASE. fervor, the real purpo.-^o for which we are at college. We are not at college to play l)asel)all or football. We are not at college to make ourselves even all-round athletes. ]\Iany young men who stay on the farm ; hundreds of men, on the cattle ranches and in the lumber woo;ls. are better athletes than we fellows at college will ever be. We are not at college primarily, therefore, to develop the physical, however important that may be; we can develop that elsewhere; but we are at college to get what else- where we cannot get, or at lea.^^t cannot get elsewhere so well. BASKET BALL TEAM— 1902-3. Roller. Painter, Sanger. C. D, Sanger.SS. Hedrick, Strickler. Sanger. W. H. We are at college primarily to develop mind and heart, while giving the body wdiat it needs to help them. Just as the moral is above the intellectual, so is the intellectual above the physical. And this balance should always be preserved. It is by this rule, therefore — the rule and order fixed in the very nature of man and in the eternal fitness of things — that we endeavor to regulate our college life. Bridgewater College be- lieves in athletics. It regards physical exercise as an essential element in the perfect man, as essential as mind expansion and heart culture ; but it urges a proper balance, and a recognition of proper relations as to intrinsic values. We urge that each student have a time for play as well as a time for work, and that neither of these periods be allowed to absorb the other. W'hen 82 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. the time comes for play, let the student be aii athlete — body and mind ; when the time comes for book-work, let the athlete be a student — mind and body. And let truth and all morality be su- preme in both. In order to help the student to remember these relations, and to attain to these standards, the faculty of the College not only give the encouragement to athletics already spoken of ; but they also recjuire that every student entering into the regular athletic contests shall have a record of good standing both as to scholarship in his classes and as to general moral conduct. The history of our school athletics is, as may be expected, as old as the school itself. In Chapter II, Brother Shipman is cpioted in reference to the sports and other activities at Spring- Creek ; but it is only in recent 3'ears that marked developments have been made both in intensity and variety. Among the games, baseball is of course an old favorite. I suppose there has been no year in the school's history when it has not been engaged in more or less. It is generally claimed, however, that the first team of " regulars " was that of 181)7-"9S. Each year since that date a regular team has been kept in organization ; and several of these teams have a remarkable record of victories in match games with the teams of other schools. About "97 or "98 an athletic association was organized, Avhich has grown and flourished ever since. During the last three or four years, football has come into prominence ; and the team of 1903-"04 has a record of only one defeat in a long list of victories. Along with football, basket-ball came into favor, and has ever since held a prominent place in our series of sports. Inasmuch as basket-ball is a comparatively easy exercise, it has been engaged in to some extent by the girls as well as the boys — organized, of course, into separate teams, and using separate grounds. But the most popular game with the ladies-^as well as with a few of the gentlemen — is tennis. This excellent and high-class sport is constantly growing in the favor it well deserves. The most commendable, as well as the most responsible recent undertaking of the Athletic Association, has been the purchase of the new athletic field, which lies a few rods nortli THE PHYSICAL PHASE. 83 of the main campus. The old field, lying adjacent to Stanley Hall on the east, is too small for the larger games. Moreover, it is too near the class-rooms, and must soon be occupied by oth- er needed buildings. The Athletic Association deserve great credit for their movement in purchasing and fencing the new h\j[)TUALL TKA.M — 1UU3-4. Drivei-. Cline. Myers, J. C Gochenour. Myers, W. A. Roller. Martin. Norri.s. Miller, A. B. Hiner. Leatherman. Myers, H. Click. Miller. M.'O. Branaman. field, thus adding to the Institution a piece of property both desirable and valuable. It will l)e observed from the foregoing pages that physical culture at Bridgewater consists almost entirely in out-door ex- ercises and games. This is a condition rather unfortunate, and not less undesirable because imposed by necessity. It is un- fortunate, in the first place, be.:ause winter — bad weather — nat- urally puts an end to regular exercise. It is unfortunate, in the second place, because the rougher out-door sports — football and baseball — come into undue prominence, and sometimes bv this means bring upon themselves and the cause of ])hvsical BRIDGE WATER COLLEGE, BASEBALL TEAM — 1903-4. Strickler. Myers, W. A. Lovegrove. Cline. Miller. Baker. Good. Leatherman. Myer.s, W. T. Myers, J. C. Gochenour. Branaman. culture in general unjust reproach. AVe trust that the time is not far distant when some good friend of education and good health will supply the College with the means of building and equipping a first-class gymnasium, to the end that our students, boys and girls, in winter as well as in fall and spring, shall have the opportunity for regular and judicious physical exercise; and to the end that our fellows may not be driven so much into the rougher sports. CHAPTER X. TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS. DANIEL C. FLORY, the founder and first President of Bridgewater College, was born near New Hope, Augusta Co., Va., April 3, 1854. He attended school during his boyhood days in an old log schoolhouse ; later, a very brief period was spent in the public free schools. His preparation for college was ob- tained in a high school, conducted at New Hope by Prof. W. A. Bowles, who is now superintendent of the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, Staunton, Va. On October 1, 1875, ~Mr. Flory matriculated at the University of Virginia, where he was a student three sessions. During the session of '78-'79 he was a teacher in the Juniata [Pa.] College, and in the fall of '^9 he began the Beaver Creek High School. In the fall of 1880 the Spring Creek Normal School, the institution which later de- veloped into Bridgewater College, was first advertised to the public. In the fall of '82 the school was moved to Bridgewater, and Prof. Flory remained at its head till 'SQ. At present he is a member of the board of Trustees. In August, 1877, Prof. Flory was received into the Breth- ren church by baptism. He was married on Dec. 23, 1880, to Miss Kate Driver. In March, '88, he was elected to the Gospel ministry, in which capacity he has become well known through- out Virginia and adjacent States. During the period since '86 he has been frequently engaged in school work, and has taught successfully at Laurel Hill, New Hope, and elsewhere near his present home in Augusta county. He has also given consid erable time to conducting Bible institutes, in connection with his evangelistic work. Prof. Flory is a man of strong character and marked per- sonality. Of his school days at New Hope. Prof. Bowles re- cently made the following remark : " He was one of the most studious, painstaking pupils I ever taught, and as a result his progress was excellent. He was exemplary in all of his school S5 86 I'.J^linjEWATEK coiJ,K(;;i-:. habits, always throwing his influence on the side of right. His great loyalty to his teacher and his excellent influence in school will always be conspicuous in im^ memory." Such qualities as these in the boy have developed with the growing strength of the man. See Chapter II for photograph. JAMES R. SHIPMAN was born Feb. 15, 1858, on Long Glade, two miles south of Bridge- water. He received his early edu- cation in the public schools, and in a short summer normal at iiridgewater. In '78 and '?9 he taught two sessions of public school at Pleasant Hill ; and in the fall of 1880 he entered Bridgewa- ter College (then Spring Creek Normal School and Collegiate In- stitute) as student-teacher, — tak- ing some studies as student, tak- ing some classes as teacher. He continued in this way for two ses- sions, teaching more in the second session than in the first. After the school had been removed to Bridgewater (fall of '82), he again taught a few months as a substitute for one of the regular teachers, Avho could not be present during this time. ]\Ir. Shipman says: ■' The time I spent in the school as teacher was compara- tivelv short ; vet it was full of experiences, incident to the found- ing of a new institution, that were in many respects widely different from the ordinary routine of an established institution, such as Bridgewater College has grown to be. I feel a deep interest in the school, and feel also a sense of satisfaction in having, in an humble v.ay, been identified with its beginning." Having studied Pharmacy under Dr. T. H. B. Brown, of Bridgewater. ]\Ir. Shipman held positions as prescription clerk in several drug stores in Rockingham and adjoining counties ; then for six vears he was engaged in the drug business for him- James R. Shipman. TEACH l£KS AXU I'KOF KSSOKS. 87 self, at Bridgevvater. He is now engaged in banking, liaviiig l)een cashier, from its beginning, of the Planters' Bank, of Bridgewater, which he organized about seven years ago. Mr. Shipman was married some years ago to Miss Mollie Voung, a student of the College of '82-'.s;x He has an interest- ing family and a cosy home, and represents one of the most important and successful business enterprises of his town. DANIEL HAYS was born in (irant Co.. \'a. (now \\'. \'a.), May 16, 1839. He became a member of the Brethren church in 18G2 ; was made a minister in 18()T ; and. in 187!), at Flat Rock, \'a., was ordained to the eldership. Elder Hays has been a member of the Gospel Messenger Advisory Committee for twen- ty years, and is now (1904) chairman of the Tract Examining Committee. In youth Elder Hays received such instruction as was af- forded in the public schools, and a family school conducted by an Englishman. At the age of 17 he attended the West Union Academy, where he studied English Grammar and Mathematics. He next took a course m Greek and Eatin in Pennsylvania, un- der Prof. SchaelTer, of Gettysburg College. Returning to Mr- ginia he engaged in teaching, and at intervals took courses in Psychology, Pedagogy and kindred subjects in the normal schools. In 1882 he was appointed one of the trustees of Bridge- water College, and chosen Vice-President. He was a teacher in the College the same year, with Prof. D. C. Flory as Prin- cipal. In 1886 Prof. Plays was chosen Principal and business manager of the institution ; but at the close of the session he gave up this position to devote his time to other labors. Sev- eral times since, howe\'er, he has returned to the school to as- sist in Bible institutes, etc. In 1S9T Prof. Hays was awarded a State Professional Cer- tificate, at Charlottesville, by the Superintendent of Public In- struction. He is now engaged chiefly in pastoral work and various literary pursuits. Sept. 3, 1872, Elder Hays was married, at Moores Store, \'a., to Sarah Hannah Catharine Myers. They have five chil- dren — t^^o sons and three daughters. 88 BKIDGEWATER COLLEGE. GEORGE BLACKBURN HOLSINGER was born in Bed- ford Co., Pa., ]\lay 10. 1S5T. In 1ST6 a severe accident disabled him for farm work, and he therefore prepared himseh' for pnb- lic school teaching. Having followed this vocation for several years, teaching in the meanwhile a number of singing classes, he entered in 1881 a music normal in \'irginia. conducted by Prof. A. T- Showalter. This year and the next he won first prize in musical composition ; and so, by a sort of " natural selection," his life work was found. In the fall of 1882 he be- came the first Professor of ]\Iusic in Bridgewater College, and held the position consecutively for sixteen years. In 1898 he resigned his professorship to accept the position which he now holds, that of music editor and song evangelist under the di- rection of the General ^lissionar}- and Tract Committee of the Brethren churcli. Since 1898 Prof. Holsinger has regularly con- ducted the song services at the great Annual ?\Ieetings of the church. Prof. Holsinger's first singing teacher was Benj. Holden Everett ; his first musical instrument was a German accordion : but at seventeen came the greatest joy of his life, when his father bought him a reed organ. He did not rest — morning, noon, or night — imtil he had learned to play and sing — unaided — every piece in his copy of " Gospel Hymns No. 1 ; "' and that old tattered book is to-day one of his most treasured relics. In later years Prof. Holsinger has numbered among his teachers such men as B. C. Unseld, P. J. Merges. Geo. F. and Fred. W. Root. V. H. Pontius. J. M. Dungan. W. S. B. Mat- thews, Chas. W. Landon. H. A. Clark. H. R. Palmer, and D. A. Clippinger. Apart from his work in Bridgewater College, but within the same period, he successfully conducted a num- ber of music normals. As a composer and author he has been most successful ; his music has appeared in nearly one hundred different books. One book, " Psalms and Hymns,"' of wdiich he is associate author, has had a sale of over 200,000. " Gos- pel Songs '"' and the Brethren Hymnal, two other books that he recently edited, have had sales of nearly 50,000 each. In 1884 Mr. Holsinger married ]\Iiss Sallie A. Kagey. who has proved a worthy wife. They have one child living — a son TEACHERS AX!) PROFESSORS. 89 - — Clyde Kagey Holsinger, who is a student of the College in which his parents were both teachers so long. For the College and the hundreds of his friends among the old students, Prof. Holsinger has naturally a warm heart. He says : "' Bridgewater College has been as much of an " Alma ]\Iater ' to me as it has been to any student that ever went there and graduated. ... It gave me such a preparation for life's work as I could never have obtained in any other way." See Chapter II for photograph. J. E. MILLER, ?. Bachelor of English of Juniata College, is a native of Rockingham Co.. \'a. He was teacher of Natural Science and Commercial Branches at Bridgewater from 1883 to 188G. On his resignation in 1886, he purchased a valuable farm tying partly in the historic Port I Republic battlefield, where he has since resided, and where his Avarm hospitality extends a constant welcome to his nu- merous friends. MRS. GEO. B. HOLSIN- GER, teacher in preparatory courses and Bible studies in the College from 1883 to "87 and from 1892 to '99, was born and brought up near Bridge- water, the daughter of David N. and Mary Kagey. She was educated in her home town, under such instructors as Prof. A. L. Funk, Dr. J. D. Bucher. Prof. Rickenbough, and Prof. D. C. Flory. She taught in the public schools of Rockingham from 1875 to 1881. On Aug. 19, 1884, Miss Kagey was united in marriage to Prof. G. B. Holsinger. She became the mother of twin boys, — Lloyd Kagey Holsinger and Clyde Kagey Holsinger, — July 22, '88. Lloyd died May 12, '90 ; Clyde is now a student of Bridge- water College, in the third year of the Sub-Freshman Course. Sallie Kagey Holsinger. 90 BRIDGE WATER COLLEGE. Besides being actively engaged in Sunday-school and Aid Society work, INIrs. Holsinger is a useful member of the com- munity in which she lives. Her pleasant home is located at the northwest side of the College grounds. SAMUEL N. McCANN, a graduate of the Brethren Nor- mal College, now Juniata College, was a teacher of Mental Philosophy, Rhetoric, and [Mathematics, beginning with the year 1884. After teaching two years he devoted his time during '87 and '88 to frontier mission work in Kansas. iSIissouri. Arkansas, Kentucky, and West \'irginia. C)ver a sermon a day was the average for these two years. Then he became financial agent for the College, and in that capacity secured a considerable en- dowment fund. In 1892 he was made Professor of English and Natural Sciences. In 189o he was reappointed by the Board of Trustees as financial agent, and by his tireless industry and burning conviction of the sore need of a good school in the Second Districi of \'irginia. he succeeded in raising the last half of a large sinking fund, and in freeing the institution from debt. It wouM be diflicult to speak too highly of Prof. ]\Ic- Cann"s services to the College in this trying period. In the fall of 1895 he entered the Southern Baptist Theological Sem- inarv, Louisville, where he spent two years, graduating in the school of Old Testament Interpretation, New Testament In- terpretation, Systematic Theology, and Homiletics the first year; in that of Biblical Interpretation, Junior Greek, Junior Hebrew, Polemic Theology, and Parliamentary Law the second year. It was the purpose of Prof. ^NlcCann to return to his po- sition at Bridgewater on completing his studies at Louisville, but during the summer of "97 he was prevailed upon to go as senior missionary to India. The following autumn he depart- ed for his distant field, where marked success has attended his labors. The following authentic notes concerning Prof. McCann's earlv life will be read with interest by thousands : " S. N. ]\IcCann. oldest of eight children, was born in Up- shur Co., W. \'a. (then \'a.). at Indian Camp, Dec. 25, 1858. He was cradled in a sugar trough, and tied to the bed post for safe keeping while his mother milked, fed. and did the other TKACIIICKS AN)) i'kCJFHSSOKS. QI chores, his father working- out l)y the month miles away. His father, S. 1j. McCann, was a man of gcjod moral character, good mind, and a jovial disposition. Though he had only about ■io days' schooling, he worked himself up to a fair average schol- ar, being a good reader, and a i)ractical surveyor. His mother, Roxana McCann, nee Gould, is a devoted Christian woman, and a kind mother. She is of New England Puritan stock, and possesses a sterling character. " His first schoolhouse was the one built on Indian Camp rock, of round logs, with puncheon floor, fence-rail benches, and a jnincheon writing tlesk. supported by two pins against the wall — one desk for the whole school. The window was about ten feet of one log cut out; oiled paper serA'ed for glass. There was an open fireplace, and the wood was supplied by the students. His first teacher was a Airs. Ladasa llurr. nee Bean. ■' Until he was IS years old his school privileges were con- fined to the winter months, — three and four months per }'ear. In the summer of 1877, at the old country schoolhouse, a sum- mer school was attended. The following winter he taught a dis- trict school. The next summer he attended the French Creek Academy, teaching the next winter. The following summer he attended the Buckhannon Teachers' Institute, and taught again in the winter. In the spring of ISSO he started for Huntingdon [Pa.] Normal College, on foot, with all his belongings in a small valise." Prof. McCann graduated in the Normal English Course at Huntmgdon in '83, but returned the next year for another term's work. In 1884 he was arranging to teach in the public schools of Texas, when Elder John Flory secured him to teach at Bridge- water. " During the last years of the Civil War the McCann fam- ily moved to Madison Co., Ohio, but at the close of the war returned in covered wagons to the old home. In 1864 S. N. fell into an old well ; his mother, hearing the fall, ran out and rescued the drowning boy. In the fall of '65, on their return from Ohio, as the wagons stopped for the night, and all were busy around the camp fire, S. N. wandered ofl:' to a near by 92 BRJDGEWATEK COLLEGE. canal, crept down into a boat, and, but for the timely search of his father, would likely have had another name and another course in life. The canal boat was just moving out of the locks when the boy was rescued. '■ He was baptized in the Buckhannon River by Elder Elias Auvil, at the old Indian Camp church, when about l^t years old. He was elected to the ministry here at the age of nineteen, and Avas forwarded to the second degree one year later. He was ordained to the eldership in 1804, at Bridgewater." Prof. McCann was married to Miss Elizabeth Gibbel, June 14, 1898 ; the ceremony being performed by Elder W. B. Sto- ver, at the Bulsar Railway Library, India. They have two children. Their work in India has been very much diversified : language study, building orphanages and bungalows, caring for famine people and orphan children, preaching, and caring for a newly-planted church — all coming in for a share of attention. But all these labors of love are being abundantly blessed. See Chapter IV"" for photograph. J. CARSON MILLER was born March 18, 1861, near Moores Store, Shenandoah Co., Va. The duties that a boy finds on the farm were given their due attention, but were not al- lowed to encroach upon his work in the public school. Mr. Mil- ler's first term of teaching was completed on the day he was 18 years old. Having imbibed the desire, during his attendance upon two teachers' normals at Forestville, Va., to go to college, he entered Mt. Morris [111.] College, Aug. 31, 1880. Here he completed the Latin-Scientific Course (a three years' course) in tw^o years. In the spring of '83 he taught a term in what is now Bridgewater College, the school being then housed over the store room of Sanger Bros. — the quarters now being part of the Sipe & Arey Co.'s building. In the fall of '83 Prof. Miller entered upon another session at Mt. Morris. Four months in the summer and fall of '84 were spent at the Northern Indiana Normal School, studying Shorthand. Since that time Prof. ]\Iiller has used Shorthand in taking notes and in making his private memoranda. The session of '84-'85 was spent in the L'niversity of Virginia, where TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS. 93 he graduated in General Chemistry and in Natural History and Geology, also receiving a certificate of proficiency in Physics. Weak eyes compelled him to drop Mathematics, after having passed the first half of the course. Later he has taken some special work at the University in higher Mathematics. For the spring term of '86. Prof. 2^Iiller was called to the head of the Virginia Normal (now Bridgewater College), in which capacity he spent a very interesting- and enjoyal^le pe- riod of work. '"How could it have been otherwise?" he asks, " with such a list of future teachers, doctors, ministers, stenog- raphers, and college presidents as we had that year." At the close of the session he delivered the first diplomas ever given by the iristitution. He was offered the principalship of the school for the next year, but the condition of his health and a desire for other lines of work impelled him westward again. Four months more were spent in studying Shorthand at \"al- paraiso, Ind. In December of the same year ('8G) he entered the services of Messrs. Ilargreaves Bros., wholesale grocers, Lincoln, Nebr., as stenographer. He was with this firm about a year and a half. Fie says: " My stay at Lincoln had much to do in moulding my future. A- knowledge of the commercial world was gained ; the lights and shadows of city life were seen; and here it Avas that 1 resolved to make the first step to- wards a Christian life." At the Brethren's Annual Conference of '87, at Ottawa, Kans., he united with the church; and on Aug. 20, '97, he was called to the ministry. Prof. Miller was married on Sept. 1, 1889, to Miss Ida May Smith, of Nebraska. They have three children — Carrie, Ruth, and Wilbur. Prof. Miller's great work for Bridgewater College was done in the years from 1892 to 1901, during which period he was Professor of Mathematics and Science. For several years, from '99, he b.ad charge of the Commercial Department. He also served a number of years within this period as a Trustee of the College. At present he is a member of the new board of Trustees. Since 1901 Prof. Miller has been living on his farm, near Moores Store, but devotes nuich of his time to evangelistic work 94 BKIDGEWATER COLLEGE. and to executive duties upon the ^Mission Board of the Sec- ond District of \ irginia. See Chapter II for photograph. JOHN B. WRIGHTSMAN, Professor of Natural Sciences at Bridg-ewater from 'Hfi to "SH, and Principal of the school dur- ing a part of 'Sfi-'yT, was born in Pulaski Co., \a.. Oct. 12, 1S5G. Having obtained the preliminary steps of an education by his own undaunted and unaided efforts, he taught his first school at the age of K. Three years later he entered upon a two years" course of study at Hunting- don, Pa., where he was greatly in- fluenced by the life and teachings of Eld. James Ouinter. In ''S2 Prof. Wrightsman founded the Mountain Normal School at Hyl- ton, \'a., where he labored five years. After his two years at Briclgewater. he moved to Leb- anon. Ohio, where he was both teacher and student in the Nation- al Normal University. From this institution he received the degrees of B. S. and M. D. in 1S90. Later he taught Chemistry for two years at Pikesville, Ky. Since then he has been actively engaged in the practice of medicine in Colo- rado. His present address is ]\Iancos, where he has recently completed one of the finest stone residences in southern Col- orado. In 1819 Dr. AWightsman married ]\Iiss Fannie Cripe, of South Bend, Ind. They have two children. Earl and Listia. The former is engaged in mining in Colorado ; the latter is a teacher of Instrumental Music. EDWARD A. MILLER, of Tennessee, who was a teach er in Bridgewater College during the session of 18S6-'S?, be- came Principal in '87, and continued in that office for a session and several months. He was suspended from the principalship in the fall of '88, but was allowed to resume the position in .John B. "U'rightsman. TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS. 95 1890, and to hold it until '92. Before coming to Bridgewater, Mr. Miller had graduated from Milligan College, of his native State, and had taught for several years in the [Mountain Xormal School, at Hylton, Va. In 1892 he went to California, where he was President of Lordsburg College for seven years. At present he is engaged in the practice of law in Los Angeles, Cal. EUGENE MORGAN CROUCH was born near Jones- boro. Washington Co., East Tennessee, August o, 1863. " It was his liappy fortune," in his own words, " to be reared on the farm." Life on the farm was pleasant in the main, but the long, hot summer days were sometimes trying to the boy. Nevertheless, he realizes now that such training is need- ed in order to grow toughness of fiber, and to build in the con- stitution the power of endur- ance. The affectionate severity of a father's discipline, togeth- er with three months each year in ■' Gravel Hill " school, got the boy securely and intelli- gently on his way. In the fall of '81 fortune opened to the aspiring youth the doors of Milligan College. Here he took both prepara- tory and college work, and graduated with the degree of B. A. in the class of '87. The following September he was called to Bridgewater, Avhere he remained as Professor of Latin and Greek five years. During the session of '89-'90, and a few months of the preceding one, he was President of the Col- lege. In the fall of '92 Prof. Crouch entered the University of VirgHTia. where he continued in's studv of Latin and Greek Eugene Morgan Crouch. 96 BRIDGE WATER COLLEGE. two years. The session of *94:-'95 he was Professor of An- cient Languages in Lordsburg [Cal.] College. In the autumn of '95 he accepted the chair of ^Mathematics and English in INIanchester College, North Manchester, Ind., with the hope of soon being honored with the chair of Latin and Greek. The desired honor came after three years. In 1901 Prof. Crouch was elected President of the College, and has discharged his duties in that capacity with devotion and skill. He holds a prominent place among the educators of his State. On August 30, 1891, Prof. Crouch married ]Miss Emma E. "\^'etsei, of Greene Co., \'a.. for several years a Bridgewa- ter student. They have three children : Cordie A'iola, Lou Emma, and Lloyd Eugene. The preparatory teacher from 1887 to 1889 was MISS M. KATE FLORY, a graduate of the College in the English Course. ]\Iiss Flory was born near Cross Keys, \ a., Oct. 3, 1862. June 19, 1888. she was married to Prof. J- -M- Cofifman, who was a teacher in the College at the same time. In 1893 they moved to Jennings, Louisiana, where they lived for some 3'ears, teaching in the public schools of the State and also en- gaging in the cultivation of rice. They are now living in Rockingham Co., Ya., where they are both active w^orkers in church and Sunday school. J. M. COFFMAN, Professor of English and ]\Iathematics from '87 to '89, is one of the first Bachelors of Arts gradu- ated by the College. In '91 he received this degree, together with two other gentlemen who have since become prominent in the educational and religious world : Rev. G. L. Brown, Jr., and Rev. John A. Garber. Prof. Coffman is also a min- ister of the Gospel, and a useful member of the community in which he lives. His wife was Miss ^I. Kate Flory, who re- ceives notice elsewhere in this chapter. At present they re- side near Goods Mill. Ya. The instructor in the Business Department, during the years from 1887 to 1890, was CHARLES E. ARNOLD. Prof. Arnold was born May 13, 1867, in ^Mineral Co., W. Ya. In 1885 he came to Bridgewater College, where he continued in school TEACHERS AND TROFESSORS. 97 five years, almost completing the B. A. course. The summer of 1890 was spent at the Ohio Normal University, and a previous summer at the Kentucky University. From '91 to "93 he was teacher of Mathematics in the Botetourt Normal College at Dale- ville, \'a., and also secretary of the school. In 1893 he went to McPherson College, Kansas, as Professor of ^Mathematics. Three years later he was elected President of McPherson College, which posi- tion he held to the time of his death.. He died of cancer l\lay 31, 1902. President Arnold was a man of marked ability and dauntless ener- gy. Even the stare of death could not drive him from the post of serv- ice. He was a preacher of calm, logical force, and a writer of clear- ness and pointedness. The respon- sible positions which were given him by the church, as well as by the educational fraternity, are evi- dence of his worth and usefulness. Mrs. Arnold was Miss Ella E. Beahm, a former Bridgewater student. A daughter. Ruth, bears ■much, likeness to her father. MRS. FANNIE E. WRIGHTSMAN, the first Art teach- er at Bridgewater, held this position from 'S6 to '88. She is the daughter of Mr. and ^Irs. Peter Cripe, of South Bend, Ind., and was married to Dr. John B. A\'rightsman in '",9. Her pres- ent home is at Mancos, Colo. ISAAC N. H. BEAHM was born near Goods Mill. Rock- ingham Co., \'a., May 11, 1859. His father was Eld. H. S. Beahm, and his mother Anne Showalter Beahm. He attended public school a few months yearly till he was fifteen. From that time until he was twenty-two he was not in school, but on the opening day of the Spring Term. 1884, he entered Bridge- water College, where he remained till June, 1887, graduating in Charles E. Arnold. 98 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. the Normal English Course. During the next school year he was principal of the Bonsack (Va.) Graded Schools; but at the close of the session at Bonsack in March, 1888, he came to Bridgewater and took charge of the classes in Physi- ology, Mental Arithmetic, El- ocution, Psychology, and Rhetoric in his Alma Mater, where he remained as a teach- er till the latter part of May, 1890. At this time Prof. Beahm, on account of what he considered an unjust attitude of the President-elect, E. A. Miller, resigned his position ; and in this act he was to his surprise followed by eight of his fellow teachers, without his intentional influence. Prof. Beahm's Alental Arithmetic Class of '89, Avhich included, among some fort}?- others, G. B. Hershberger, C. P. Harshbarger, R. E. Arnold, L. D. and J. W. Ikenberry, W. ]. Compher, Sallie and Ella Bean, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Pursley, is still spoken of as one of the star classes of the College. Dur- ing the seven sessions spent in whole or part at Bridgewater, he did his work on the ground of deep convictions of right and repleteness of joy. Although he has been connected with several schools as both student and teacher, Bridgewater still has his heart as a loyal son. His daily recollections of his old and beneficent teachers, of his fellow instructors, and of the noble young men and women that formed his classes, to- gether with the beauty of the natural surroundings, are es- teemed a rich legacy in the archives of imperishable memor}'. After leaving Bridgewater, Prof. Beahm taught four years at Daleville, Va. Then he spent two years in evangelistic work ; I. N. H. Beahm. TEACHERS AND PROFCSSOKS. 99 for he IkicI become distinguished as a preacher no less than as a teacher. Three years more were busily spent in the Prince V\'illiam Normal, which he founded at Brentsville, Va. In 1899 his acceptance of the presidency of Lordsburg (Cal.) College was followed b}^ a serious breakdown of health, from which he has scarcely yet recovered ; but he has been prevailed upon to undertake the direction of Elizabethtown (Pa.) College of which institution he is now President. His services as a preacher and educational lecturer are widely in de- mand. On March 23, 1889, Prof. Beahm married Miss Mary Bucher, of Pennsylvania, who has proved a devoted wife. Four children gladden their home. EDWARD FRANTZ, l)orn June 21, 1868, at New Carlisle, Ohio, was instructor in Sciences, German, etc., at Bridgewater during the greater part of his student life there, which extended over four years, from '86 to '90. Prof. Frantz had received his early education in the country district schools of Ohio, and in the New Carlisle High School. At Bridgewater he completed the Commercial Course, and near- ly finished the Classical Course. During the summer of 1890 he obtained the degree of A. B. from the Ohio Normal Uni- versity, and the degree of A. M. from the same institution in '93. From '92 to "95 he was a student of the University of Chicago, electing largely Biblical and Theological courses ; and for brief periods since he has attended the same university. From 1890 to '92 Prof. Frantz taught Mathematics at Mc- Pherson College, Kans. Returning from the University of Chi- Edward Frantz. lOO BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. cago to McPherson in '95, he was made Professor of Ancient I.anguag-es and Bible History. He served in this capacity till 1900, when he was given the chair of Biblical Languages and Interpretation, which position he held till 1902, when, upon the death of the lamented C. E. Arnold, he was made President of the College. President Frantz still holds the chair of Biblical Languages and Literpretation ; and, notwithstanding the nu- merous and exacting demands upon his time, he finds oppor- tunity to serve the church in his ministerial and advisory offices. His regard for the claims of " auld lang syne '" is demonstrated by the fact that he was one of the first to complete his assign- ment for this book. Prof. Frantz has found a congenial life companion in Miss Effie Wine, of Augusta Co., Va., — a Bridgewater student of '87-'90. JOHN A. GARBER, A. B., class of '91, Bridgewater Col- lege, and a graduate of Eastman College, taught Mathematics from 1S88 to 1892 ; then he had charge of the Commercial De- partment two years, sessions of '92-'3 and '93-'4. Prof. Garber was born at Harrisonburg, Va., Oct. 18, 1865. Since leaving Bridgewater he was stenographer in the Treasury Department of the U. S. Government at Washington, D. C, for a number of years. He is now private secretary to the Assistant Supervis- ing Architect, Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. He is also a prominent minister in the Brethren church, and an active worker in the various lines of educational and religious endeavor. He has a warm heart for his Alma Mater, and is constantly awake to her best interests. During a part of the session of 1888-'9, WM. E. ROOP, A. M., taught Mathematics and English. Later, Prof. Roop was elected to the ministry, and in 1898 he started on an extended trip to Europe and the Bible Lands, returning the following spring. He is now located as minister near West- minster, Md., and is also engaged in civil engineering at the same place. He was born near his present home Aug. 4, 1864. WARREN C. GOODWIN, a graduate of Haverford Col- lege, Pa., was Professor of Ancient Languages and Mathemat- TEACHERS AND PUOFESSOKS. lOI William E. Roop. ics during- the session of l-'04:), when she no BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. was compelled to leave her work by the illness of her daugh- ter and her mother. For the last several years Mrs. Roller had also exercised tlie office of Matron at the White House — the lady students' boarding hali. Mrs. Roller has studied music under Prof. Holsinger, Prof. Unseld, and other well-known teachers ; and has been a resident student at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. Mrs. Roller's maiden name was Wise ; her husband was the late Elmer Roller, Esq., of Grafton, W. Va. Her mother, Mrs. Sallie Wise, died last fall, soon after Mrs. Roller's withdrawal from the College ; her daughter,. Virginia, has only recently recov- ered from her protracted illness. Mrs. Roller and her daughter are at present residing at their pretty home in Bridgewater. DAVID W. CRIST was born May 12, 1870, near New Market, A'a. Having attended the public country schools and the Tiniberville Graded School, and having taught school twO' years, he entered Bridgewater College in the autumn of '93. During the summer of '98 he took a course at the Rochester Busi- ness Institute, and, the following^ session, taught in the Business Department of the College. Tn June, '99, he received his degree of B. A. After leaving Bridge- water Prof. Crist was elected Secretary of the Faculty in the Brentsville Academy, and held his position in that institution till 1903. At present he is working under the direction of the Alission Board of the Second District of Virginia, and as minister and traveling agent his labors have been very suc- cessful. He should be recorded in the archives of the College as one of those who fostered the infancy of the Philomathcan Monthly. ELLA GORDON HENTON is of EnHish and Scotch- David W. Crist. TEACHERS AND i'kOFESSOKS. I II Irish descent, and was born near Harrisonburg, \'a. Early in life she learned to depend upon herself. At the age of VJ she began teaching in the public schools of her native county- — Rockingham — anfl has continued her work in this capacity ever since, with the exception of four years : upwards of two years she was a student in Bridgewater Col- lege, obtaining the B. E. degree in 1901 ; one session she taught in Ohio; and one session ('98-'99) she had charge of the Primary Department in Bridgewater Col- lege. Since her graduation Miss Henton has been principal of va- rious graded schools in Rocking- ham. MRS. B. C. MILLER, teach- er of Art during the session of '98-'99, was Miss Belle Kersh be- fore her marriage to Prof. Benjamin C. Miller. For a number of years now they have been living in the State of Pennsylvania, and at present reside in a suburb of Philadelphia. ROWLAND HILL LATHAM was born in Plymouth, N. C, Aug. 23, ISSO. He moved with his parents to Onancock, \^a., in ISS-i. In the spring of 1S9T he graduated from ]\Iar- garet Acadeni}- (formerly Onancock Academy), and the suc- ceeding autumn entered the University of Virginia, wdiere he graduated in ^Mathematics and Latin, and completed a Junior course in Greek. The next season (1898-'9) he taught Latin and Mathematics in Margaret Academy. From '99 to '01 he was Professor of Latin and ^lathematics in Bridgewater Col- lege. In the fall of '01 he reentered the University of Vir- ginia, where he remained two years, winning the Bryan Essay Prize and completing the work required for the B. A. and M. A. degrees ; but he w^as prevented by sickness from tak- ing the degrees. ]")uring the session of 190o-'4 he was Pro- fessor of Phvsics in Miller School ; and at the recent Univer- Ella Gordon Henton. 112 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. Rowland Hill Latham. sity finals he received his two degrees. He is now (1901) preparing to enter the department of Engineering at Cornell. EPHRAIM TIMOTHY HILDEBRAND, who was Di- rector of Music in the College from 1899 to 1904, was born Jan. 18, 18G6, near Greenmount, Rock- ingham Co., Va. He had his early struggles in the public schools, and his share of fruitful experiences on the farm. Be- tween his books and a traction engine, which he learned to run at an early age, he conceived the desire for a broader education, and accordingly entered Shenan- doah Institute, where he com- pleted a music course in '91 and the B. E. course in '92. Be- ing associated with J. H. Hall, J. H. Reubush, A. S. Kieffer, and B. C. Unseld, he took up nor- mal and institute teaching rather early in his career. In more re- cent years he has had training as a composer, teacher, and singer under Fred. W. Root, D. A. Clip- pinger, and Frank H. Tubbs ; and in the Capital School of Music, Columbus ; New York Vocal In- stitute ; Metropolitan Conservato- ry of Music ; etc. During his last stay in New York he was a mem- ber of the New York Oratorio So- ciety, under the direction of Frank Damrousche, and thus had the op- E. T. Hiidebrand. portuuity of siugiug with some of the world's greatest artists, and before the most highly refined musical audiences. TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS. 113 From '95 to '99 Prof. Hildebrand was Director of Music at the Shenandoah Institute. As an author and pubHsher he has been very successful. He has edited, and assisted in editing, a number of popular books: "Gems of Gladness," "Crowning Day," " Onward and Upward," " Progress in Song," " Path- way of Praise," etc. One of his songs, " The Plills of Ten- nessee," was sung at the Nashville Centennial before 20,000 people. A little over a year ago he became a stockholder in the noted music house of Fillmore Bros. Co., Cincinnati. As a chorus conductor and a teacher of Voice Culture he probably has no superior in the South ; and he has conducted institutes in nearly all the Southern States, and in several in the West. Under his direction the Music Department of the College has had a steady and inspiring growth. June 19, 1902, Mr. Hildebrand married Miss Zona Wise, of Milnesville, Va. Little Zora lUoomfield Hildebrand is already giving promise of a musical na- ture. WILLIAM K. CONNER, Professor of Penmanship and icacher of New Testament Studies in Bridgewater College, was born at Royersford, Pa., March 28, 1873. Having profited by his lim- ited time in the public schools, he l)egan to teach at the age of 19 ; but endeavored to improve his qualifications by attending a Pea- body Normal and Juniata College. In the spring of "95 he began his attendance at Bridgewater College, where he received the degree of B. E. in '99. Since then he has continued his studies at intervals in Church His- tory, Christian Evidences, and kindred subjects. During the session of '97-'98 Prof. Conner tauglit in the Prince William Normal School. He has taken special courses in pen art work at the Zanerian Art School and other well-known institutions. William K. Conner. 114 ]3R1DGE\VATI£R COLLEGE. Mr. Conner became a member of the Brethren church on Thanksgiving Day, 1893. In the fall of '97 he was made a min- ister, and in this capacity he has shown a commendable zeal and activity. His wife was ALiss ]\Iillie C. Bowman, a student and teacher at the College. MISS LAURA EMSWILER, of Linville, Va., was a teach- er in preparatory branches during the year 1899-'00. Prior to that time Miss Emswiler had taught in the public schools in the county ; and since that time she has held prominent posi- tions in the graded school at Dayton and elsewhere. Having returned to the College at intervals as a student, Miss Emswiler received her diploma of graduation in the Music Department with the class of '04. MRS. W. K. CONNER is one of those who. in recent years, have held the position of Art teacher in the College. Mrs. Con- ner was Miss Millie C. Bowman, and was born June 26, 1874, near Harrisonburg, Va. From '95 to '97 she was a student at the College. On May 25, '98, she became the wife of Prof. Conner, who was then teaching at Brents- ville. She presides over one of the prettiest homes on College Street. JOHN C. MYERS, Professor of Mathematics and Science in Bridgewater College, and the Vice-President of the institution, was born Jan. 18, 1876, near Mt. Crawford, Va. He attended a country school eight winter ses- sions, and the Broadway (Va.) High School six sessions. Hav- ing taught school one year, he en- tered Bridgewater College in the fall of '96, and in the spring of 1900 graduated with the degree of B. A. The next year he taught in the College ; but in the autumn of '01 he entered the University of A^irginia, where he remained two years, passing John C. Myers. TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS. 1 1 four B. A. and three M. A. courses. At the Universit}' he was honored by election to the presidency of the Washington Lit- erary Society, and by being chosen as a respresentative of his Society in the inter-society contest for the Harrison Trophy. During the past session at Bridgewater (1903-'4) Prof. Myers has acquitted himself in an able manner in the various lines of his responsible duties. On August 10, 1904, Mr. Myers '' took unto himself " a wife, in the person of Miss Ottie F. Showalter, a Bridgewater grad- uate of the class of '99. JACOB AARON GARBER, Professor of Shorthand, Type- writing and Commercial Branches from 1900 to '03, was born Jan. 25, 18T9, near 2^1t. Crawford, \a. His parents located at Timberville when he was three years old. He attended the adjoining coun- try school till the age of 12 ; then for several years he was a pupil of Prof. Daniel Hays, in the Timberville Graded School. In the fall of "97 he entered Bridgewater College, where he graduated in the English Course in '99, and in the Commercial Course in "00. About this time he also spent a summer session in the Xorthern Indiana X'ormal School and Business College. During the greater part of his career as Professor of Com- mercial Branches at Bridgewater, Prof. Garber was also the energetic and efficient teacher of Elocution in the College. For this work he had taken special training with Prof. Fox of Columbus, Ohio, and with Prof, and :Mrs. Southwick of Boston. On December 31, 1903, he was elected Principal of the Prince William Academy at Brentsville. Va., and success- Jacob Aaron Garber. ii6 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. fully discharged the duties of this position till the end of the school session in the latter part of May, '04. During his career as student and teacher at Bridgewater, Prof. Garber has shown a great interest in the various phases of college life. In the Literary Societies he has been an en- thusiastic and efificient worker ; in Athletics he has always tak- en a leading part ; and in the religious life of the school he has been active and zealous. As Editor-in-Chief in '01-'02, and as Business Manager in '02-'03, of the Philomatheaii AI on fit- ly, his innate literary taste and business skill were manifest. In the management of the commercial side of the enterprise producing the present volume, he has given his time and la- bor freely and ungrudgingly. At present Prof. Garber is continuing his studies in Lit- erature and Expression at Boston L"^niversity and the Emerson College of Oratory. M. A. GOOD was born at Goods Mill, in Rockingham Co., Va., June 30, 1857. He spent the first twenty-two years of his life on the farm with his father, Samuel Good. The Civ- il War left his parents unable to complete his education, but after receiving the best school advantages his circumstances would allow, he chose teaching as a profession. Preparatory for his life's work, he attended three State Normal Schools — one at Har- risonburg, one at Staunton, one at Charlottesville, and later he was a student at Washington and Lee Lniversity. He has taught four years in the country schools ; five years he was Principal of the Keezletown School, four years Principal of the Edom School, seven years teacher of Mathematics and Michael A. Good. 'iJwVCHERS AND PROFESSORS. 117 Natural Sciences in West Central Academy ; and during- this time was extensively engaged in conducting Summer Normals. In 1900 he accepted the position which he now holds in Bridgewater College, as teacher and traveling agent. When twenty-three years old he married Katie Earman, of Taylor Springs. He is the father of three children — Flora, Luther, and Edna. He and his wife have been members of the Brethren church for about sixteen years. JOHN DAVID BRUNK, Director of Music in the Col- lege, was born near Harrisonburg, Va., March 13, 1872. His mother is a granddaughter of Peter Burkholder, who found- ed the Mennonite church in the Shenandoah Valley. Prof. Brunk has taught Pi- ano, Harmony, History of Music, etc., in Bridgewater College since 1900, and has fully sustained the reputation that he had already es- tablished as a teacher, composer, and singer. His training in mu- sic has been received at the hands of the best local teachers, and in the New England Conservatory of Music, at Boston, where he received what he terms his "great revelation" in the world of sweet sound. F. Addison Por- ter, Chas. A. White, Benj. Cutter, Miss Gertrude McQuesten, W. E. Sackett, Samuel W. Cole, H. S. Wilder, and Louis C. Elson were among his teachers at " The Hub." Here he also profited by acquaintance with the Bos- ton Symphony Orchestra, the Handel and Haydn Society, and the leaders in the Emerson School of Oratory. Prof. Brunk has written numerous popular songs for la- dies' voices and for mixed voices. His greatest work as author and editor, has been done as musical editor of the " Church and Sunday-School Hymnal," a book of 300 pages, that has already run through several editions. John David Brunk. ii8 ISKIDCEWATER COLLI' (U Nannie Henton Myers. Sept. 2, 1897, Prof. Brunk married Miss Mary Kate Mar- tin, of Maryland. They have two children living. MRS. NANNIE V. HEN- TON MYERS was born in Au- gusta Co., Va., where she lived until her parents moved, two years after her birth, to Rock- ingham Co. Upon reaching womanhood she chose teaching as a vocation, and taught in the public schools for eleven years — doing chiefly primary work. At the end of this period she re- signed her position in the Day- ton (Va.) Graded School, to be- come the wife of Prof. • S. A. Myers. They were married Aug. 15, 1895. On the death of her husband, which occurred June 3, '97, Mrs. Myers re- turned .to her work in the school-room, and has taught two sessions in Linville (Va.) Graded School and four sessions in the Primary Department of Bridgewater College. She still holds her position in the College. WELDON T. MYERS, Professor of Latin and Greek, is a Bachelor of Arts (class of '01) of Bridgewater College, having entered the school in the fall of '97, after having had his pre- liminary training in the Broad- way (Va.) Graded School, and the country school near by, a half mile from his home. Prof. weidon T. Myers. Mycrs was born near Broad- TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS. 119 way, Oct. 25, 1879. He represents in his ancestry some of the best and most enterprising of the Virginia Valley Germans ; and his work at Bridgewater College, where he has distinguished himself for scholarship and literary abilities, has fully sustained the prestige of his antecedents. His inclination towards prog- ress and improvement is evinced by the fact that his first vote as an American citizen was cast for the extension of the cor- porate limits of Bridgewater. Prof. Myers, as a student, was prominent and active in the work of the College Literary Societies ; and was Editor- in-Chief of their magazine, the Philoiiiafhcan Monthly, dur- ing the session of .'90-'00. He is a poet of no mean ability. JOHN DAVID MILLER, Professor of Mathematics and Science from 1901 to '03, was born May 7, 1870, at Spring Creek, Va. His early education was received in the public schools and at the Shenandoah Normal College. He spent the session of '93-'94 in Bridgewater College. Considerable valuable experience and training were obtained as a teacher in the public schools. In the fall of '95 he entered the Pea- body Normal College, Nashville, Tenn., where he graduated in '97. After two years as Principal of the Bridgewater Graded School, he re-entered Bridgewater College, obtaining the B. A. de- gree in '01. While a professor in the College, he married Miss Bertha Cline, of Stuarts Draft, Va., a former student. At pres- ent he is pursuing the study of Medicine in Richmond, at the IMedical College of Virginia, where he has already won dis- tinction. MILTON B. WISE was Professor of English Language and Literature in the College during the session of 1902-'03. Prof. Wise is a gentleman of culture and rare accomplish- John David Miller. I20 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. Milton B. Wise. ments. He holds the degrees of A. B. and A. M. from the University of Pennsylvania ; in '99-'00 he was Harrison Scholar in History ; and in 'OO-'Ol he was University Scholar. During the year '01-'02 he was Fellow and Instructor in European History at Syracuse University. Last year he was a teacher in the Newark (Ohio) High School. His home is in Philadelphia. BAYARD M. HEDRICK was made assistant teacher in the Bridgewater College Commercial Department in 1902. The fol- lowing year he became Principal of the Department. He is a na- tive Virginian," — was born Feb. 22, 1880, at Churchville; but his early education was received part- ly in North Carolina. He en- tered Bridgewater College in '97, and, returning at intervals, com- pleted the Commercial Course in 1900. He is also a graduate of the Valparaiso College, Ind., and has taught several years in the public schools, being Principal of the Broadway (Va.) Graded School in 1901-'2. His wife was Miss Bettie Wenger. They have two little boys. JUSTUS H. CLINE, Pro- fessor of History and Moral Sci- ences in Bridgewater College, was born near Timberville, Va., October 14, 1875. He attend- ed public school and private school at home until the age of 12. In '88, having been bribed by his father with a watch, he Bayard M. Hedrick. TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS. 121 consented to come to Bridgewater, as a student of the Col- leo-e. Here he remained into the third session ; but some time after the burning of the College building he became homesick and returned home. He re- mained at home three years, at- tending in the time a private school for a few months. In the fall of "94 he re-entered the Col- lege, where he continued his studies till the spring of "99, when he received his B. A. de- gree. A few days after gradu- ation he accepted a position in Lordsburg (Cal.) College, where he taught two years. The sum- mer of 1900 was spent in visit- ing the Yosemite Valley, and in traveling on the Pacific coast. During the summer of 1901 Prof. Cline returned to Virginia; and the following autumn entered the University of Michigan, where he remained the greater part of the session. Nervous trouble, brought on by overwork, compelled his withdrawal from the University before the end of the year. In June, 1902, Mr. Cline accepted a position as solicitor for Bridgewater College, and in a little over a year obtained donations of over $7,000 for Founders' Hall. In the fall of 1903 he accepted the professorship which he now holds. While a student at the College, Mr. Cline became a mem- ber of the Brethren church. In September, '98, he was elect- ed to the ministry at his home church, near Stuarts Draft, Augusta Co., Va. In 1902 he married Miss Grace Snively, of Lanark, 111., whom he had first met in California. They have recently erected a comfortable dwelling on College St., Bridgewater. WALTER BLAKE NORRIS is a native of Chelsea, Mass. He was educated in the public schools of Chelsea and Hyde Justus H. Cline. 122 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. "^^alter Blake Xorris. Park. In 1897 he entered Harvard, graduating in 1901 a Bach- elor of Arts. On graduation he became Principal of the Hub- bardston (Mass.) High School ; in 1902-'3 he was instructor in Classics, United States History, and Economics in the Attleboro (Mass.) High School ; and in the summer of 1903 he was elected Professor of English Language and Literature in Bridgewater College. Prof. Norris is a member of the 2^Iethodist church; and is in- terested and active in all lines of Christian endeavor. MISS FLORA HERRING GOOD, teacher of Instrumental Music at the College during the session of '03-'01:, was born Feb. 5, 1882, at Taylor Springs, Rockingham Co., Va. Her girl- hood was spent at Keezletown and Edom, at which places she attended the public schools. In "91 the family located at Mt. Clin- ton, Va.., where Aliss Flora en- tered the West Central Academy, and in due time completed vari- ous courses of study, besides making considerable progress in the study of music and art. In the fall of 1900 she entered Bridgewater College, and the fol- lowing spring graduated with the Music Teacher's diploma. The next year ('02) she completed the Piano Course. During next session ('Oi-'Oo) Flora Herring Good. ^^.^^ ^^^^ -^ ^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^^^ ^f the music department of Elizabethtown College, Pa. TEACHERS AXD PROFESSORS. 1 23 In the winter of '03 Miss Good became a member of the Brethren church, and has since that time entered zealously in- to the Christian life of the College and community. D. NEWTOX ELLER. JOHN W. WAYLAND. CHAPTER XI. OTHER BENEFACTORS OF TFIE COLLEGE. The founding- and development of a college is a matter of no little consequence. The doing of such a work successfully in the face of great discouragements and opposition cannot but call upon the heads of the doers and the supporters praise and admiration. When we consider the circumstances out of which grew our own Alma Mater, the above statement is all the more significant. Bridgewater College does not stand as a monument of the light effort of some great genius, or of the wealth of a capitalist. As she stands to-day, in brick and wood and stone, she is the monument of the cooperation of a large number of people of small wealth, who, looking for- ward and upward, founded and built an institution of Christian education in their midst ; not that their names might be heralded throughout the world as philanthropists, but that they might with its aid better cooperate in the great work of uplifting man- kind. It seems to the writer that there are few institutions of its class and size that exist, like her, as the token of the gener- osity and united eft'ort of so large a number of people. The founders of the Institution deserve praise and eternal remem- brance, although they by no means seek or even desire either. In this Shenandoah A'alley, great as it is and was, there existed for many years no college. Certain men, who were not themselves college men, saw the opportunity and invited cooperation that the opportunity might be seized. Just how this -svas done has been shown in another chapter of this vol- ume. In this successful beginning, a great thing was accom- plished. It surely marked a new era in this district of the Brethren church, where its influence is most powerfully felt; and moreover the indications now are that in no late day, in the educational councils of the State, Bridgewater College will hold a most respectable place. The older the institution grows and the more influential it becomes, the more does the life and sacrifice of those whom we call its benefactors appear. 124 OTHER BEXEFACTORS. 1 25 V\'e recognize that in treating this subject at this time there is great difficulty. The time has been too short for the writer to be fair and accurate in all cases. It may be difficult to krow as yet who have been and are the genuine benefactors of the Institution. There is one fact, however, in this con- nection that is very significant. Not one or two men only have made sacrifices for Bridgewater College, but the entire list of benefactors is a a er\- long one : and as an expression of a need recognized by the representative people of a large and goodly section, the Institution stands for something that is perma- nent and real. One man, even without a pressing need, might found a college and endow it with millions : but our Alma Mater rests not on such a foundation. The men and wom- en, therefore, whose lives we are about to treat, are benefactors in the genuine sense, and as such let us ever remember them. Perhaps the most severe test that the friends of the work ever had, came in the year l-SO-t. A series of misfortunes had befallen the College. The Institution for various reasons had accumulated a debt of more than eleven thousand dollars. A great deal of the hard-earned respect in which she was held had been lost. The attendance had dwindled. The enemies to the cause were most active, and in fact everything seemed to cooperate to darken the sky and preclude every ray of hope of success. Something must be done. On ]\Iarch 20. 1894, a meeting of the Board of Trustees was held in the College chapel. Eld. Samuel Driver, who has been called the " father of the institution," and who was chair- man of the Board of Trustees at that time, presided and made an opening address. Eld. P. S. Miller, of Roanoke, Va., con- ducted -the devotional exercises. The roll-call showed seven- teen members present. Pres. "\\'. B. Yount stated that the ob- ject of the meeting was to form some plan for paying the debt and vigorously urged that action be taken at once. He also presented resolutions which were accepted and eventually re- sulted in the liquidation of the debt. In the resolutions, the Board of Trustees gave themselves six months in which to raise by voluntary subscription the necessary money to dis- charcfc the debt. The fact, however, that shows the real char- 126 BRIDGE WATER COLLiiut. acter of this body and their genuine friendship for Bridgewa- ter College and the cause of education in the Brethren church, is this, that they not only invited their friends to assist in the work, but before leaving the room thirteen of the seventeen subscribed of their own means the amount of ^5,200.00 to start the sinking fund. In a few days six others had joined this lucky thirteen, and the fund had grown to $6,415.00. This ac- tion on the part of this body cannot be regarded too highly in recording the benefactions that the Institution has received. It vvas in fact one of the great turning points in the history of the College, and that memorable Alarch 20, 1894, because of the willing sacrifice these men made, marked the opening of a new and bright era for the Institution ; and the measure of consequences, we believe, has as yet been but faintly seen. The " lucky thirteen " referred to are. H. M. Garst, S. H. Myers,. B. W. Neff, E. D. Kendig, Samuel Driver, B. A. Kira- cofe, N. W. Beery, I. C. Myers, S. F. Miller, J. W. Miller, G. W. Thomas, Jas. A. Fry, W. B. Yount. The six others men- tioned were : E. L. Brower, Joseph Click, D. T. Click, Daniel Garber, George W. Snell, and one other who was not a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees : S. N. McCann. Prof. McCann's valuable services as teacher, solicitor, and benefactor of the Institution will ever stand out prominently in the histpry of Bridgewater College. Extended sketches of his life and serv- ices to the College will be found in Chapters II and X of this volume. Let it be repeated at this point, however, that so in- terested was he in the cause, and so diligent were his efiforts as solicitor that in June, 1895, President Yount was enabled to announce that the debt upon the school had been paid in full. Among the first to join in the movement that eventually resulted in the founding and building of Bridgewater College was Eld. Samuel Driver, whose large benefactions to the In- stitution have been applied in many ways. Eld. Driver was born near Timberville, Va., April 22, 1834. While he has al- ways shown marked ability in all his undertakings, his early school advantages were meager. In 1857 he married Annie Myers, the sister of Eld. S. H. Myers of Timberville, Va. Aft- er marriage he settled near Swoope's Depot, in Augusta Coun- OTHER BENEFACTORS. 12/ ty, Ya.., and a number of years later moved to Barren Ridge, in the same county. Eld. Driver has reared a family of ten chil- dren and his wise judgment as a father is shown by the fact that they are all Christian men and women : one being a preach- er an.i one a deacon in the Brethren church. Several of his children have been educated at Bridgewater College. Eld. Dri- ver was installed a deacon in the Brethren church in 1869, and a minister in 1870. For a good number of years he has also served the church very acceptably as an elder ; and in matters relating to this office his advice is frequently sought. In the founding of the College Eld. Driver played a very conspicuous part. When the organization of the Institution had been per- fected and Eld. Jacob Thomas of Spring Creek, Va., was elect- ed President of the Board of Trustees, Eld. Driver's enthusiasm for the work was given recognition by his appointment to so- licit financial aid, — Eld. P. S. ^.filler being appointed to solicit Bridgewater, and Eld. Dri^'er all other territory. He was told to secure if possible -$1,400.00, but he did not stop there, for he returned with $1,900.00. The largest contribution he re- ceived was $100. Taking into consideration the conditions un- der >vhich he had to work, this was a very valuable service and is perhaps unprecedented by any service in the early his- tory of the Institution. For a large number of years Eld. Driver served the College faithfully as a member of the Board of Trustees, being president of that body during a long period ; and as one of that memorable thirteen, who, as it were, shoul- dered the burden of a lost cause out of confident hope of suc- cess in the future, he gladly did his part. After this Eld. Driver, who was rapidly approaching old age, stepped out of his official position with the College, that the duties might be assumed by younger hands. His friendship for the work has not abated and still he never misses an opportunity to speak in behalf of the work and to contribute to it of his means. Near Salem, in Roanoke County. A'irginia, on March 23, • 1835, was born Henry M. Garst. He lived on a small farm in the county of his birth. In the war between the States he was drafted to serve in the Confederate army, but being op- posed to Confederate principles he could not conscientiously uS j;kii)(;i-:\\ati-:i< coi.lkge. light uiulor the Stuitlicrn llai;-. In the lirst i)hice he had hired a snbstituio to \\lioni he paid -1^1,400, for six months. Then he decided to j^xi west, and the remaining years of the war he spent in Indiana and Illinois. In ISG-i while in Illinois he united with the lirethren cliureh and. remarkable to say, his wife, v\ ho Avas in \iroinia. on the same day joined the same church, and neither knew the intentions of the other. At the close c"»f the war he returned to his farm in A'irginia, where he reared a large and respected family, lie was by nature a kind and generous man. It is said that no man in his vicinity did more for the poor than he. The College found in him a true and tried friend. On that 20th of IMarch. IS!)!. Avhen the lucky thirteen gave their personal c^bligations. Eld. Garst contributed much to the enthusiasm and success of the meeting by being among the most willing to subscribe five hundred dollars to the sinking fund. He died Oct. 7, 1895. Another to be mentioned in this connection is Eld. B. W. Nefi" of Mt. Jackson. \'a. As a member, preacher and elder in the Rrethren church he is well known in a large section. No less has he won respect as a contributor to the cause of educa- tion. Eld. XetT was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia, Dec. 1, 18^:^. His father, Eld. Jno. Neil, contributed largely to the early enthusiasm by being one among the first to advocate the founding of the Institution. At his death, however, the fam- il\' lost none of the father's interest ; for in his son Benjamin, and daughter, Mrs. Samuel F. T\Iiller, there yet remains a deep • and hearty interest for the work; and they both have rallied to the needs of the school in the hours of trial. Eld. Neff was a member of the generous thirteen, and besides educating his only daughter at the College has at different times supported at the Institution a niece and nephew. Nc' single individual's life is more thoroughly interwoven with the history of the College than that of Samuel F. ^Miller. He was born Nov. 4, 1833, on a farm about two miles south of Bridgewater. He has spent his entire life — excepting four years — on the farm wdiere he now lives, one of the most desirable in the country. He married IMiss Bettie NeiT, the daughter of Eld. Ino. NctT and the sister of Eld. B. W. Neff. He has been OTHER liEXEFACTORS. 12C) associated with the College constantly since its organization, being one cf the forty trustees to whom the College was char- tered in 1884. Consequently his influence over the Institution has been long-felt and powerful. \\^hen the school Avas moved from Spring Creek he was one of the men who helped to se- cure its location at Bridgewater. He has contributed regular- ly to the Institution from its infancy till now, — having helped to purchase the land on which it stands, and to erect the first building. His most recent subscription has been received for the ladies' dormitory to be erected in the near future. Among the lucky thirteen his name is found, as it has been in so many instances when the cause needed help. His wisdom as a busi- ness man has long been valuable in the guidance of financial ofiicers of the College. ^M^ile ^Ir. ^^liller has helped the College in so many ways, his interest seems not to abate in his advanc- ing years, for he continues to lend the helping hand in even,' time of real need. It is the writer's doubt whether the Insti- tution has ever found a firmer and stauncher friend ; and his name, along with that of his wife — his constant cooperator, — cannot but long be remembered among the benefactors of Bridge- water College and the cause of Christian education in the A'al- ley of Mrginia. Other mention of ^Ir. Miller is found in Chapter II. The year 1889 marks the beginning of Jno. A\'. ^Miller's official connection with Bridgewater College as a Trustee ; and in this capacity he yet remains. His name will necessarily re- main conspicuous in College annals for the keen interest he has shown in the work. He was born on the farm near Bridge- water where he now lives, ]\Iay 21, 1855. Mr. ^liller for three years was associated with the Bridgewater Woolen ^Nlills. Later he worked in a drug store in Bridgewater one year. For three years he was in the mercantile business, and at the same time managed his father's farm, which he had bought. As one of the l;icky thirteen he did his part in bearing the College bur- dens, and on numerous occasions has contributed ver\' freely many hundreds of dollars to the cause. He is very much con- cerned as to the question of endowment of the various chairs. In fact, of the necessity of this branch of college equipment no one seems to have a keener conception. It is to be hoped that 130 BRIDGEVVATER COLLEGE. his ideals in this respect may be speedily realized ; and surely if his means were as large as his interest this question of en- dowment would soon be solved. In the long list of benefactors of the College the name of Jas. A. Fry will ever remain prominent. He was born at the head of Long Glade, in Augusta County, Va., April 12. 1852. He spent most of his early life on a farm near IMilnesville, Va. In 187.5 he married Miss Annie Wine of Augusta County, and the year following moved on his farm at the north end of Bridge- water. He still lives there, and his place is considered one of the most desirable in town. In addition to farming, he con- ducted a successful undertaking business for seven years, and has traveled extensively in the interests of the Bridgewater Mar- ble Works. In 1886 he was elected a member of the Board of Trustees, and at once became a director. He has been one of the Board ever since. He also served as secretary and treas- urer, and steward of the College from 1892 to 1903. ]\Ir. Fry has stuck to the Institution through thick and thin. In the times of deepest gloom he was ever willing to help with his time and means. Eld. E. D. Kendig has long sliOAvn a marked interest in the cause of education in the Brethren church. Before Bridge- water College was founded he was taking an active part in the work, and had been elected a Trustee of Juniata College, of Huntingdon, Pa., where his name is yet recalled with great re- spect. After the founding of Bridgewater College, however, for geographical reasons he shifted his interest, and has ever since been a staunch supporter of the institution nearer home. He was born near Stuarts Draft, Augusta County, Virginia, May 19, 1850. He was reared on his father's farm. The greater part of the session of ■7'6-'77 he spent at Juniata College. In May, '77, he married Miss Bowman of Tennessee, and along with her returned to Juniata in the fall of '77. Then a great misfortune befell him. Small-pox broke out in college and his wife fell a victim to the deadly disease. In 1870 Eld. Kendig was ordained a minister, and in this capacity, and as elder, he has served the church man}^ years. In all lines of philanthropic work he has few peers. He has been a leading Sunday-school and mission- OTHER BENEFACTORS. I3I arv worker; also, in the cause of Christian eckication. especially at Bridgewater C'ollege, he has set a noble example of gener- osity. He was a member of the original forty Trustees, and in that capacity served the Institution creditably. On that mem- orable March 20, '94, he did his part of the contributing; and up to the ])resent time he has been one of the heaviest contrib- utors to the Institution. In 1885 Eld. Kendig married Miss Annie Long of Maryland, and of this union there is one son, who has already been a student of Bridgewater College. Xoah W. Beery, now of Bridgewater, Va., was born near Edom, Rockingham County, August 31, 1831. He first attend- ed German school and. later, English private school near his home. After he was twenty-one years of age he went to Ohio and ciltended school there one year. At the age of twenty- eight he married Katie \'. Neff of Shenandoah County, Va. To this union were l)orn seven children, six girls and one boy, who is now a physician in New York City. Mr. Beery has been a prominent Imsiness man of Rockingham County for many years, having managed a large farm, — and dealing extensivel}^ at the same time in live stock, banking, and milling. Mr. Beery can be justly called one of the fathers of the Institution, since he was one of the most liberal contributors toward its founding. Since then he has also contributed on various occasions and continues to do so at each opportunity. He was a prominent figure among the Thirteen, having served the College as a trustee for a number of years. Besides his interest in educa- tional work, Mr. Beery has also figured prominently in other charities. The Old Folks' Home of the Brethren church at Tim- berville has felt the touch of his generous hand in more ways than one. Besides contributing to it of his means, he rendered valuable service as a director of that institution for a number of years. In 1903 Mr. Beery moved to Bridgewater, where he expects to spend the remainder of his days. There yet remain of the lucky thirteen the names of S. H. MyerL-., I. C. Myers, B. A. Kiracofe, G. W. Thomas, and W. B. Yount. E. L. Brower, Joseph Click, D. T. Click, Daniel Gar- ber, and George W. Snell shall also be classed with them. It Avould be interesting no doubt to our readers to have a detailed 132 i;KlDGK\\ATER COLLEGE. account of each of these men ; but we must sketch them briefly for at least two reasons : lack of information and dearth of space. I. C. Alyers is a prominent minister and elder in the Brethren church, and resides near Greenmount, \'a. He early identified his interest with the cause of Christian education, and was one of the early promoters of the College. Eld. Myers is a highly respected and useful man, and his good offices for Bridgewater College are still exercised in various ways. B. A. Kiracofe resides near Sto\er, Augusta Co., Va. We all remember him for his good nature and kindly smile. He has long been .1 most helpful ally of the Institution, both as a patron and benefactor. He early served as a trustee, and came forward with his share on that 20th of March, 1894. He has also made some much appreciated contributions to the work since. Eld. Kiracofe has been a very successful man financially, considering his meagre opportunities. He has reared a highly respected fam- ily and has served the church as a minister for a num ber of years. " Ct. \\\ Thomas of Bridgew^ater, \'a., served the College as a trustee both in the large body of the early days and in the small- er body of later times. He was succeeded in office by J. Car- son Miller. D. T. Click resides near Dayton, Xa., but not too far from Bridgewater to have his two daughters in college. He is en- gaged in the lumber business. Enoch L. Brower of Waynesboro, \'a.., was widely known in the Brethren church, both as an elder and a preacher. In his own county, Augusta, he was much respected. He was one of the early trustees of the College, and played his part nobly as one of the Thirteen. Eld. Brower was a diligent friend of the College, and in his death the Institution experienced a severe loss. Daniel Garber resides near Harrisonburg, Va. He has long shown his interest in Bridgewater College. His son, Prof. Jno. A. Garber, is a graduate of the College in the B. A. course, and was for a number of years a professor in the Institution. His youngest daughter, Miss Sarah, finished her course at the Col- lege in 1901. Mr. Garber has been a liberal contributor to the work, both of his time and means. George W. Snell's interest in the cause of education has OTHER BENEFACTORS. 133 manifested itself in numerous ways. As a young man he was at one time a student of the University of ]\lichigan in the ■Med- ical department; but he acquired a dislike for the profession and retired to the farm. Mr. Snell was one of the early trustees of the College ; he also at various times has been a patron. He has contribvited heavily to the work. Joseph Click, the father of John W. and Daniel T. Click, both of whom are prominent in the history of the College, lived on Mossy Creek, near Bridgewater, where his son Joseph still resides with two sisters. Mr. Click's death occurred only a few years ago. Among the supporters of the College in the early days there is no more prominent name than that of Elder Samuel H. Myers. He served the Institution long and diligently. He seemed to consider himself a self-appointed solicitor, and wherever he went he would frequently call the attention of the generous people to the financial and other needs of the College. He not only in- vited others to contribute, but he himself set a noble example of g.^nerosity; for to the building and later development of the College he w'as one of the largest contributors. He made a num- ber ot gifts to the school that were justly considered large in the day when they were given. It would indeed be difficult to estimate the scope of this one man's influence not only in be- half of the educational w^ork of the Brethren church, but along other charitable lines as well. He was a large contributor to the Old Folks' Home at Timberville, being also one of its prime promoters. In his death, in 189". which brought to a close his life oi sixty-five years, the Institution lost a sturdy supporter and t!:e chu.rch one of its most aggressive and enterprising elders. Eld. Michael J. Good, of New Market, Va., though advanced in years, — having been born in 1833, — shows appreciative inter- est in the College; and it is certain that there is no one to whom a solicitor for a new building or the endowment of a chair in the Institution can approach with a greater feeling of comfort. It is his kind and generous heart that has made him a friend and given his name a place in this volume. While not reared bv anv means in an atmosphere of college life, he fully appreciates the aid high- er education is giving to the church he so faithfully serves, and to 134 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. the great work of evangelization. Practically the same things might be said of Eld. Good's brother, Samuel Good, who has also played no small part in the advancement of the school, both as a patron and contributor. Eld. D. B. Arnold of Burlington, West Virginia, has not been geographically located to take as active a part in the work of the College as some who live nearer, but nevertheless it has been felt b}- those in close touch that his heart has ever been in the work. In the early days he was not slow to contribute to the advancement of the Institution. It will be remembered that Elder Arnold is the father of the late Pres. Chas. E. Arnold, of McPherson College, and of Robt. E. Arnold, Business Manager of the Brethren I'ublishing House. A sketch of his sons will be found elsewhere in this volume. Eld. Arnold's brother. Prof. Geo. S. Arnold, also is taking splendid interest in the work as a member of the present Board of Trustees. Among those who contributed rich stores of influence and means in the early days, and whose services in winning friends and supporters to the Institution have been of inestimable value to the cause, stand the names of Michael J. Roller, Frederick Wampler, D. Hays, Solomon Garber, Jacob Thomas, Samuel Smucker, Emanuel Hoover, and many others of Rockingham County, Va. D. Yount, — the father of our President, — Samuel Yount, Samuel J. Garber, Levi Wenger, J no. P. Cline, Jno. A. Cline, Jno. W. Cline, Jr., Jno. W. Cline, Sr., Samuel Cline, and others of Augusta County, Va., have added much to the work as Trustees or friends ; and more extended notice of what each has done would doubtless be very gratifying; but space does not allow the answer of our desires. Eld. Nathan Spitler did much effective wOrk for the College in Page Co., Va. ; and among the friends and supporters in Maryland the names of Elder Ephraim Stoner and Amos Wampler stand prominent. In the list of those who have made sacrifices for the sake of our Alma Mater, we could not overlook the name of Anna Kagey Wayland, the mother of the editor-in-chief of this work. She v/as a native of Shenandoah County, Va., where she lived until 1893, when she moved to Bridgewater, wh'ere her son en- tered College. Her death occurred in Missouri, in 1901, when OTHER BENEFACTORS. 135 on a visit to her son Jacob. According to her opportunity she perhaps did as much to aid the Institution as anyone. Her name will be especially remembered in connection with the Bible de- partment, the first sum of money assigned to its endowment be- ing a generous offering given by her without solicitation, and not out of an abundance. In looking over the catalogue of those who have shown ac- tive interest in the College, one is surprised to find that even in far-off California there has been a liberal response to the call of need. The name of Levi Riley must henceforth be as- sociated with the annals of Bridgewater College, because of the genuine sympathy he has shown for the work. It does not seem to have been a surprise to his friends and relatives when they heard that mention had 1:)een made in liis will of at least two Brethren institutions and other charitable work; for it was simply a last expression of the character of the man whom they had long known. Once more we turn to the West, to Ohio, and Bridgewater finds a real mterest in her cause in the person of Elizabeth Trout. Although she was never intimately associated with the school, yet her sympathy was real, as shown by her liberal contribution toward its assistance. While but few of us have ever known her, or even are familiar with her name, yet her generous aid serves a no less noble purpose. In the early history of Bridgewater College the Moomaw name was very closely associated with the work. Eld. Benj. F. Moomavv', of the vicinity of Roanoke, Va., and his sons, J. C. and D. C, took a very active interest in the school. Among the first to recognize the need of an institution of higher edu- cation in this part of the church, they also from the very first were active workers. About the time Prof. D. C. Flory was starting his school at Spring Creek, Va., Eld. D. C. Moomaw wrote Eld. James Quinter asking him to suggest a man to open a Brethren school. Prof. Flory's name was suggested, and Eld- er Moomaw began correspondence. It was his intention to start a Brethren school at Roanoke, Va. Eld. P. S. Miller wrote to Eld. Moomaw suggesting that the upper valley and the lower valley people unite and support a school together at Bridge- 136 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. water. This was done in a day when cooperation was sorely needed, and this service and numerous subsequent services ren- dered by Eid. Bcnj. ]\[oomaw and his sons to the Institution entitle them to a wortliy place in this volume. Jacob Hoover, of near Churchville, Augusta County, Va., is another whose kind remembrances and generous aid have given him a lofty place in the estimation of those to whom the well- being of the College is dear. The very fact that men such as he li-\'e and have the proper conception of the use of oppor- tunity will eventually result in the enlargement of our Alma Mater to her just and natural sphere of influence. A generous contributor to, and a sturdy supporter of, the College in its infancy, was Eld. Jno. Flory. For some years he was directlv associated v/ith the work, as will be found else- where in this volume. Besides being an officer in the adminis- tration of its alTairs, he was also a benefactor. His home being- near r>ridgewater he took a careful interest in the work even to the time of his death. Ox the benefactors of the " old school '" we must now close the IisL. There are otliers who deserve to be mentioned; but the list is already long and information could not always be secured. We have willfully omitted no one, but we have .at- tempted to make the list as representative as possible, so that the future student of history may be able to know and under- stand the forces and conditions out of which grew our Alma JMater, that we trust at some future day will have shed abroad sufficient educational and moral influence to demand consider- ation of the historian dealing with State and national problems. Such are the men M'ho have made possible the opportunities of education and exceptional moral training that so many of us have enjoyed. Such are the men who, out of their means, by no means always abundant, have given to their children and to the children of other generations opportunities which, in their OAvn boyhood, it may have been deemed wrong to enjoy. Can there ever be found a work of a more unselfish spirit? As the Institution has grown older and her position and work have come to be looked upon as a matter of , yet greater importance in the development of things and ideals so dear to OTHER BliNEFACTORS. 137 those who have supported her from the first, there is likewise a hroader and more Hberal eoneeption of her needs. While we have stood by Ihe grave of a gray-haired father, and our tears have been free to flow since we had lost a friend and our Alma Mater a veritable pillar of strength, we have been anxious as to the outcome ; but the noble examples of our fathers are ever powerful, and a generation of more youthful vigor is ready to take their place. Therefore in the more recent enlargement of the iiossibilities of the College, friends have arisen frequently in places unexpected. Especially now to this class let us turn, although there can be no accurate division in this respect, since some have been bearing their share of the burden all the way. Among the voungcr ones, whose interest has been manifest for a number of ve.'irs in earnest support of the work, is Samuel M. Bow- man. In Rockingham County he takes rank as a Christian busi- ness man of high order. - His aid to the College has been fre- quent and liberal. This however is an expression of the real nature of the man ; for there are few people of his opportuni- ties and circumstances that maintain a nobler attitude respect- ing his solemn duties to mankind and to God. A good share of the interest iiow shown toward the material development of the College, and especially toward the erection of the new La- dies' Hall, is due to his efiforts. His interest in philanthropic work is genuine, there being in his disposition no desire to win human approval or praise. Mr. Bowman has served the Breth- ren church as a member and deacon for many 3^ears, and his frequent missions on church duties evidence the esteem in which he is held. Among those wdio deserve lengthy notice in connection, are the names of Jacob B. Garber and John H. Cline, both of the lower part of Rockingham County. Both have done much to- ward the making of the College. Til the vicinity of "Mayland. Virginia, the cause has one of its staunchest friends: Eld. DaA'id H. Zigler, wdio is also a trus- tee of the College. Eld. Zigler is still a comparatively young man : yet l-is influence is much felt in the direction of the af- fairs of the Colleee and the church. J38 I'.KIDGICWATI'IK COMJCfili. Of all the growing interest in the College in recent years, llurc is no section where it is so marked as in the immediate vicinity of I'.ridgcwatcr ; and as a result a number of strong and vigorous men and women have rallied to the needs of the work. These for the most part live within sight of the Col- lege buildings, and are in close touch with the school's life. Among them are the names of Elders 11. G. Miller and Joseph M. Kagey, of the Beaver Creek and Cook's Creek congrega- tions, respectively. Their presence at many religious exercises in 1)i(- cha])cl, and their generous contributions and patronage, lx'spo;d< tlicir interest and appreciation. Two members of the Board of Trustees, who live on College Street, are W. H. Sipe and John A. Wengcr. Both are excellent men in every way. Mr. .Sipe is now president of the I'oard of Trustees, and Mr. Weiiger is secretary and treasurer. 'I'o the efforts of each of them the Institution owes a great deal. They are yet compar- atively young men, and we leave the detailed account of their li\es to the future historian. Among the women who have generously ' ministered of their substance' to the College, are Miss Katharine Miller, Mrs. Mary Miller Early, and Mrs. Joseph Spitzer. Miss Miller and Mrs. I''arly reside in or near l^ridgewater ; the last has been callcMl to her reward beyond. No one. because of his interest, has been more highly appreciated than these; for their genuine sympathy with the work and the high confidence they place in the school as a factor in the develoi)ment of Christian ideals in the minds of the young are invaluable. John T. Miller and John S. Garber, also of the vicinity, and many others who de- serve mention, equally express their confidence in many ways ; and the helping hand seems not to tire. The list seems ever to grow in numbers commensurate with the needs and demands of the work. There could be no more encouraging feature; for this fact makes certain the work in the future. \Vhile it is not rdtogether buildings and money and physical e(|uipment, but men that make the College, yet these things are essential, and without these things keeping pace with the numerical and otlier growth of the College she could not utilize her oppor- tunilv. OTIIKK r.KNKKACTOKS. 139 In some respects the subject of this parac^raph occupies a unique position among the benefactors of IJridgewater College. The Institution has never known a more loyal son than he. Among all the alumni and students, the name of Marshall Garst as a contributor ])crliaps heads the list. lie is one of the seven children of Eld. IJenry ^\. Garst, one of the IMiirteen. He was bom near Roanoke City, Va., Feb. 20, 1861. He is among the early students <:.f the College, having attended during the ses- sions of 18.S2-'3 and 188;]-'4 and the winter term of 1884-'r). I'.e- fore he was twenty-one years of age he went to farming for himself, lia\ing com])ensated his father for the intervening time till his majority. In 1887 lie bought a farm near Roanoke, and in the year following he married Mary Flory, daughter of Eld. [no. Flor>-, a leading promoter of the College. After a married life of j'.bout twelve years his wife died, leaving him with two children, in 11)02 he was married to Laura Smucker, likewise an old student of the College. Mr. Garst now owns the John Flory iring of 11)0;). His home is near Mt. Solon, \^a., to which he has returned since graduation. Mr. Hoover has attended the College at intervals since 1898. Since finishing the conunercial course in 190.'], he has entered upon the classical course as a candidate for the I). A. degree. While the degree is not exactly in sight as yet, Mr. Hoover has the pluck and perseverance that knows no hindrance and he usual- ly accomplishes what he undertakes. Mr. Martin is a native of Maryland. He attended the College three sessions, and took work in the Academic. Music, and Commercial departments. He has, since finishing the conunercial course in 1903, returned to his father's excellent farm near Hagerstown, where he leads the quiet life of an independent tiller of the soil. Mr. Miller passed his early life on a farm in the vicinity of Good's Mill. He attended the College one year and finished the commercial course. Before coming to Bridgewater he had attended the Oak Hill Academy at McGaheysville. At present he liolds a l^osition as hotel clerk at Pocahontas, Va. Charles Wm. Roller represents the Music Teachers' course. He had first entered the College in the fall of '97, at the age of twenty, after having attended the West Central Academy several terms and taught two sessions. He gave his attention chieflv to music. The two vcars followinp- his first session at 194 BRiDGEVVATER COLLEGE. the College he spent in teaching music or attending the farm. In 1900 he accepted a position in the Maryland Collegiate Institute as Director of Music. This posi- tion he held two years, when he resigned it to complete his course in music at Bridgewater. Since graduation in 1903 he has devoted himself to teaching his chosen line of work. Miss Ruth Emma Shaver of the class in shorthand and type- writing was born near Mt. Sidney, September 25, 1882. She started to school at the age of six, and al- though she had more than a mile Charles William Roller. to go, she attended five winters in succession without missing a day. At the age of nineteen she entered the College and attended two sessions. She is a member of the German Baptist church and is interested in missions. In the summer following her gradu- ation she spent a short time in the mission field of the Blue Ridge mountains. Miss Nina Thomas, of the same class, is the daughter of Eld. P. S. Thomas, of Harrisonburg. She at- tended the College three sessions, devoting the first two chief- ly to Academic work. After graduation she went into her fa- ther's office as bookkeeper and stenographer. This position she held until the spring of 1901, when she was married to John D. Garber, of the class of 1902. H. L. Trobaugh attended the College during the session of 1902-'3 and devoted his time to stenography. His home is near Penn Laird, where he was brought up. Since leaving school he has returned to the farm to which he has since devoted his attention. Miss Lulu Kyger, of Port Republic, devoted the first of her two years at College to work in the Academic department. The second year she gave to shorthand and typewriting. In the fall of 1903 she went to Valparaiso, Ind., and took work in short- hand and other branches for a time. Later she secured a clerk- THE CLASSIiS. 195 ship in Chicago, where siie has since Hved. Lutiier E. Long left the farm near Meyerhoefifer's Store in the fall of 1902 to take a course in stenography at the College. He finished the course in the following spring. After graduation he received a position as stenographer in Washington, D. C, which he has since held. William E. Showalter is also the son of a farmer, near Port Republic. Here he grew up and attended the public school. He passed the session of 1902-'3 at the College and completed the course in shorthand and typewriting. He soon secured a position as stenographer in a law office in Harrison- burg and has since held it. Miss Mary Rothgeb is a native of Page County, her home being only a few miles from the cele- brated Luray caverns. She entered the College during the ses- sion of 1901-'2 and took work in both the Academic and Com- mercial departments. The following year she devoted her time chiefiy to shorthand and typewriting, and finished the course in the spring of 1003. Since leaving school the cares of home have largely occupied her time. Miss Effie Yowell applied her- self to work in the Academic department during the first two years of her stay at Bridgewater, and made very commendable progress in the English course. The third year she took up the study of shorthand and typewriting and finished the course in 1903. After leaving school she went west and attended the Northern Indiana Normal School at V'alparaiso for a short time. At present she is living at her comfortable home near Midvale, in Rockbridge County. Class of '04. In the last graduating class each department of the College was represented. This may be taken as an indication that the work is definitely established all along the line, and that no one ('cpartment is absorbing the interest of College at large to the exclusion of the rest. While the session of 1903-'4 was the largest in the history of the institution, a comparison of cat- alogues shows that the increase over former years was nearly uniform in all the departments. Of the nineteen diplomas grant- ed, tAvo conferred the degree of B. A., three the degree of B. E., one showed graduation in the Bible course, four in the Mu- THE CLASSES. 197 Walter A. Myers. sic Teachers" course, six in the commercial course, and three in shorthand and typewriting. Walter A. Myers was one of the Bachelors of Arts. On a farm near Broadway he passed the first twenty-two 3^ears of his life. Aft- er a number of years in the dis- trict school he went to the Broad- way Graded School, wdiich he at- tended four sessions and prepared for college. In the spring of 1900 he came to Bridgewater and after one term's work was prepared to enter the Freshman class. Four years later he graduated. During his Senior year he was Editor-in- Chief of the Philoiiiatliean ilfoiifhiv. In the spring of 1902 he won the de])atcr's medal ir, the Virginia Lee Society. Since graduation he has been elected principal of the Broadway Graded Schools for the session of 1904-'.5. Mr. Myers' colleague in his college course w-as William H. Sanger, of Vienna, Virginia. He was born near Port Republic in April, 18S1, and at- tended the public schools until his nineteenth year. He came to the College in the fall of 1899. One year's preparation work admitted him to the college course, which he completed four years later. During his Jtmior year he con- ducted the Philomathean Monthly as Editor-in-Chief, and during his Senior 3'ear was also a member of the Magazine staff. He is a minister in the German Baptist church and a speaker of considerable promise. Since gradua- W'illiam H. Sanger. 198 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. tion he has been elected to the chair of Latin, Greek, and His- tory in Elizabethtown College, Pennsylvania, and will enter upon his duties in September. Of the Bachelors of English, two were ladies — Sara Garber and Mamie Myers. Otho W. Thom- as was the third. Miss Garber was born on a farm near Dayton, Va. She attended the graded school at Pleasant Hill, near her home, for a number of years. The winter of '97-'8 she spent in AVashington, D. C., where she at- tended the Towers Public School. In the fall of the following year she entered the College, at the age of twenty. After one year's resi- dence she accepted a position to teach near her home, and taught during the two following years. Resuming her work at the College in the fall of 1902, she at- tended the two ensuing sessions until she graduated. The du- ties of home have occupied her time since leaving school. Miss Myers entered the College a year later than Miss Garber, when she was eighteen years of age. She also broke her course by a year's absence to teach. Born and reared near Broadway, she had at- tended the graded school two ses- sions before coming to Bridgewa- ter. After a two years' residence at the College she accepted a po- sition to teach near her home dur- ing the session of 1902-'3. Re- turning the following fall, she fin- ished her course during the en- otho w. Thomas. Mamie K. Myers. THE CLASSES. I99 suing session. She has been chosen to teach in the Timberville Graded School during the session of 1904:-'5. Mr. Thomas had taught two sessions before he came to the College in the fall of 1901, at the age of twenty-two. He had previously attend- ed the public schools and a summer normal at West Central Academy. A three years' residence enabled him to finish both the B. E. and the commeicial courses at the College. During his last year he won the declaimer's medal. Mr. Thomas ex- pects to continue in college and is now a candidate for the B. A. degree. Miss Hettie Wampler completed the two years' Bible course. She is a native of Rockingham County, her home be- ing near Edom, where she was born in June, 1880. Before com- ing CO the College she had attended the graded schools both at Greeimiount and at Edom for several years each. She entered upon her work at Bridgewater in the fall of 1902, and finished the course in the prescribed length of time. She is a German Baptist and is deeply interested in the mission work of the church. She is a member of the Volunteer Mission Band of the College, and her course has wonderfully stimulated her zea" for the salvation of others. She is now doing mission work in Cliicago. The Music Department was represented by Miss Laura Emswiler and three gentlemen. Of these B. F. Wampler has been spoken of in the Class of 1901. The others were W. Z. Fletcher and Arthur E. Long. Miss Emswiler's home is at Linville, where she attended the Graded School until her nine- teenth year. In 1895 she attended the Shenandoah Institute at Dayton, and returned during the spring terms of several years following. In March, 1900, she entered the College and gave her attention chiefly to music. She has since attended two full sessions and parts of two others, taking work in the Teachers' Normals along with her music. During the winter of 1901-'2 she taught in the Timberville Graded School with excellent success. While a resident at the College Miss Ems- wiler took a prominent part in the various public rehearsals and especially in the heavy oratorios and cantatas given dur- ^oo BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. ing- commencement weeks. Since graduation she has taught music in her home church at Linville. Air. Fletcher's home is in V'erda, Grant Parish, Louisiana, where he was born in 1879. Here he attended the public schools and took the High School course at Winnfield, same State. After this he attended Verda Col- lege three sessions, during the first of which he chose his work chiefly in the languages, Latin, German, Spanish, and English. The last two years he devoted to music. In the fall of 1903 he en- tered Bridgewater College and completed the Music Teachers' course in the following spring. Since graduation he has returned and will teach music in South Louisiana. Mr. Long attended the public school near Meyerhoef- fer's Store until he was twenty-one years of age. He then en- tered the Shenandoah Institute in 1892 and attended about four terms, devoting his attention chiefl}'- to music. In 1899 he came to the College and has attended part of each session since, except one. He has applied himself chiefly to music, but has supplemented his course somewhat by academic work. Since entering the College he has taught music in Virginia, West Virginia, and Texas and has met with excellent success. The class in stenography consisted of Misses Amelia Bow- man and Emma Dillon, and Irvine O. Heatwole. Miss Bow- man's home is near Linville, and here she attended the graded school for a number of years. She took up the study of short- hand and typewriting at the College in September, 1903, and completed the course during the j^ear. While at* the College she also paid some attention to music. Miss Dillon was born near Swoope's Depot in Augusta County, in 1882, and attend- ed tlie public schools. Later she studied for a time at the Shenandoah Institute at Dayton. The session of 1903-'4 she W. Z. Fletcher. THE CLASSES. 201 Spent at the College, devoting- her entire time to shorthand and typewriting. Since graduation she has accepted a posi- tion to teach these subjects in the Botetourt Normal College at Daleville, Va., for the ensuing session. IMr. Heatwole has passed nearly all of the twenty-one years of his life on a farm near Rushville. Besides attending the public schools he went to the West Central Academy at Mt. Clinton for several vears. In September, 1903, he entered the College and took up the work in shorthand and typewriting. He completed the course in the following June with credit and expects to engage in business. Charles A. Click, of the commercial graduates, attended the College two sessions. His home is near Mt. Solon, in Augusta County, where he was brought up on a farm and attended the public school. During his stay at the College he devoted his time almost exclusively to the Avork of the Commercial de- partment, and subjects akin to it. He expects to go into busi- ness. John C. Garber, who completed the same course, is the son of Eld. Peter Garber, of Weyers Cave. With the prepa- ration of a good public school course, he came to the College in the fall of 1903, at the age of twenty, and finished the course m one year. He loves the farm, and with this preparation for a business car.eer, he has returned to his pleasant home where he will lead the independent life of the farmer. J. Ernest Mil- ler is also of Augusta County, his home being near Mt. Solon. His preparation for work in the College was obtained in the public schools. He took his work in the Commercial depart- ment, which he entered in the fall of 1902. During his two years' stay at the College he supplemented his commercial course by paying some attention to music. ]\liss Verdie S. Miller, of Bridgewater, chose her work with singleness of aim and devoted her attention to it. By this means she was able to complete the course in one year. The cares of housekeeping on a large farm have occupied her time since leaving school in June. She will return to school and take a more extended course. During the two years of W. M. Painter's residence •at Bridgewater he completed two courses. Plis home is at 202 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. Koontz, Page County, where his preliminary training was re- ceived. In the fall of 1902, at the age of twenty, he began the study of shorthand and typewriting at the College and received a diplo- ma in the following June. The session of 1903-'4 he devoted to the commercial course, which he completed very creditably. He has prepared himself for a busi- ness career and will enter upon it the coming fall. These are the graduates of Bridgewater College. May they liA^e long and prosper. May their lives be gladdened by a due meed of happiness, and may they be an inspiration for noble living to those who come after. William M. Painter. JOHN S. FLORY. CHAPTER XIII. OTHERS THAT THE COLLEGE HAS HELPED. Y\nien the publishing- of the present vohime was first con- templated, it was sngg-csted that sketches be given only of the alumni; but on further consideration, it seemed just that historical facts of others, who did not complete courses, should likewise be recorded : for. it is with modest pride that the College can look out into the world upon this great army of loyal sons and daughters, who are filling positions of honor and responsibility. There are t\\o regrets that the writer wishes to express here; First, that many more of the old students did not re- spond to the invitation to furnish data that a biographical sketch could be written. While a goodly number are repre- sented, the above explains why there are not more mentioned. Secondly, we regret that want of space made it necessary to limit the sketches to the extent here presented. JOHN S. EARMAN, the son of Lucas DeWitt and Susan Frances Earman, was born near Burketown, Virginia, March 15, 1877. The sessions of '93-'4 and '94-'o he spent at Bridgewater College, taking various academic studies the first 3'ear, and the Business Course the second year, nearly completing the said course. Some time after leaving Bridge- water, j\Ir. Earman entered the dental department of the Univer- sity of Maryland, and graduated from that institution with the degree of D. D. S in 1000. While at the University he also 203 John S. Earman. 204 BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE. won honorable distinctions, receiving the class medal the sec- ond year, and being awarded an honorable mention the third year. At present he is bnsily engaged in the practice of his profession at Weyers Cave and at his branch office in Green- ville. His large practice is constantly growing. It might not be ont of place to mention that he is not married, but pros- pects are not entirely wanting. THOMAS E. COVINGTON was born near Elkton, Va., and attended school at the College during the session of '83-"4. His mother, with her family, lived at Bridgewater while he was at school there, but moved to Charlottesville about 1887, where she still resides. Mr. Covington at present is a man- ager in the large department store of Schuneman & Evans, at St. Paul, Minn. HENRY W. COVINGTON was a student from Bridge- water during the sessions of '84-'5 and '86-'7, and from Char- lottesville in '87-'8. He now holds a position with a prom- inent advertising and engraving company in Chicago. He and Thomas E. Covington are brothers of R. AVarren Covington, senior member of the well-known Charlottesville firm of Cov- ington & Peyton. PETER S. THOMAS was one of the first students to enroll at Spring Creek. He remained only one session ('80-'81) but during this time he made considerable progress along com- mercial lines. For a number of years Mr. Thomas has been a very active church worker. As a minister he has done very successful service for the church in the West Virginia mission field. He manages a large business in Harrisonburg as san- itary plumber, and is one of the prominent workers in the Har- risonburg Brethren mission. I. L. FLORY, of near Timberville, Rockingham Co., Va., attended College during the session of '95. The year of '96 was spent in the National Business College, Roanoke, Va. After his graduation from this institution in the spring, he ac- cepted a position as bookkeeper with Yost, Huff & Co., whom he served most satisfactorily for several years. Later, he was offered a position as traveling salesman by the Stoddard Man- OTHERS HELPED. 20 = I. L. Flory. iifactnrini;- Co., and for six }"ears he was one of ihe nnjst suc- cessful men on the rcjad. In Feb- ruary, 1!104, Air. J^'lory was elect- ed Cashier of the Dank of Elkton, at Elkton, \'a. L'nder his care- ful management the bank is growing- rapidly. JOHN W. MYERS was born at Greenmount, \'a., in 1SG9. After 18 years at home in the country schools, he began his work at the College in the fall of '