LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 
 
\-tp-<^' 
 
 OUTLINES OF U.S, HISTORY; 
 
 A HAND BOOK OF READY REFERENCE 
 
 STUDENTS, GENERAL READERS AND TEACHERS. 
 
 By R. Heber Holbrook, 
 
 Associate Principal, National Normal School, Lebanon, O. 
 
 Author of "School Expositions," " Outlines of New Testament and Acts," "Hand 
 Book of Experiments in Natural Philosophy," etc. 
 
 DANVILLE, TND.: 
 
 "NORMAL teacher" PUBLISHING HOUSE, 
 
 J. E. SHERILL, Proi>rietor. 
 
 1880. 
 
Copyright, 
 
 1879. 
 By R. Heber Holbrook. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 When reading an extensive history, it is often a great help to be 
 able to view the particular events in their general relations. As, 
 when traveling in a city, for instance, one appreciates much better 
 the location and importance of a particular structure by going to its 
 top and obtaining a bird's eye view of its surroundings, so, when 
 down in the details of an important event of history, it broadens, 
 corrects and helps to fix on the memory, the character and time of 
 that event, to refer to a clear outline of the whole history. 
 
 These Outlines are intended for this purpose solely. They are 
 not to be memorized; they are to help the intelligence, and thus 
 to aid the memory. 
 
 They are the class-work of a teacher who earnestly desired to 
 free the delightful subject of history from the deadness of chrono- 
 logical memorizing. They were first presented and tested nearly 
 ten years ago. Hundreds of my pupils have them in their earlier 
 form in manuscript. With succeeding years, and continued investi- 
 gation and practical testing, they have at last reached their pres- 
 ent form. 
 
 May the hope that they will be useful not be vain, is the only 
 wish of R. HEBER HOLBROOK. 
 
 National Normal School, 
 
 Lebanon, O., September i, j88o. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY OUTLINES. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE THREE GREAT ERAS AND NINE GREAT PERIODS. 
 
 Nowhere in the records of all time is the "evolution of history" so 
 manifest as in the annals of the rise and progress of the United States. 
 
 This is due to the fact that the records are complete. There is no 
 other instance of a nation being born and growing to manly stature iu 
 the broad daylight of civilization. 
 
 There is, therefore, no history which presents so completely the 
 whole, and so distinctly the parts, of the growth of a nation as the his- 
 tory of our own United States. 
 
 First "Era — Origination. 
 
 Viewing our nation, as a whole, it exhibits three great and simple 
 phases, each of which is naturally viewed in three developmental as- 
 pects. That out of which the nation was to be formed had to be 
 placed, accumulated, co-related and concentered. The 
 
 First Period. Explorations. 
 
 A place for the nation had to be found. The old Continent was not 
 broad enough. 
 
 While the Scandinavians undoubtedly discovered the New World, 
 their failure to appropriate it makes their discovery a matter of slight 
 importance, and only throws into bolder relief the grandeur of the 
 enterprise of Columbus, and fixes upon him the glory of finding a 
 TOW JTt) for a nation. 
 
 It is remarkable that while it took a whole century to place upon 
 the discovered Continent two Colonies, it required only two more cen- 
 turies for those Colonies to grow to a "peer among nations." 
 
 This period naturally closes with the founding of the first permanent 
 English settlement at Jamestown, 1606. 
 
 (1) 
 
[2] 
 
 Second Period. Colonization. 
 
 The country having been sufTiciently explored, the next step was to 
 populate it. The ground being prepared, the seed must be sown. The 
 quality of this seed is of the utmost importance. The character of 
 these first settlers, and the motives with which they came, foretell the 
 whole story of the nation. 
 
 The French are, to-day, what Caesar reported them to be two thou- 
 sand years ago. So the Germans. North, South, East and West, in 
 this country, are just what the settlers of those regions were two hun- 
 dred years ago. The lesson is plain and most impressive. 
 
 The distinctive character given the history of the Colonies, by the 
 four intercolonial wars, fixes a decided limit to the period. 
 
 Third Period. Consolidation. 
 
 While the Colonies were established independently of one another, 
 and were widely separated by vast wildernesses, and still more widely 
 by their own selfish interests, their common enemies, the Indians and 
 George III., were sufficient \.o force them together, and to establish in- 
 dissoluble union between what would otherwise have been very inco- 
 herent elements. 
 
 In fighting for England the Colonies learned to fight against Eng- 
 land. The intercolonial wars trained them to that skill in warfare and 
 statesmanship which soon was more than a matsh for the strongest and 
 wisest nation on the earth. 
 
 The first Continental Congress, which provided for the meeting of 
 the second Continental Congress, whose acts were national, and whose 
 sessions have continued till to-day, marks the consummation of the 
 various centripetal tendencies of this Period and Era. 
 
 Second Era — Nationalization. 
 
 The materials and circumstances are now provided for the formation 
 of a nation. The process is most interesting, and shown in the three 
 epochs of Separation, Organization, and A'ationalization. 
 
 Fourth Period. Separation. 
 
 First it was necessary that all relations of dependence upon the 
 mother nation should be severed. This could not be done without 
 immediate provocation and opportunity. 
 
 George III. hastened to furnish the one, the Colonists promptly 
 made the other. 
 
[3] 
 
 The separation was affirmed, maintained, and at last assented to by 
 all civilized nations.. 
 
 Fifth Period. Organization. 
 
 Having swung loose from all higher authorities, the Colonies were 
 compelled to provide government for themselves, and, having expe- 
 rienced the blessings of union in adversity, they clearly saw that in 
 union was their only prosperity. 
 
 This period is one of the most interesting in our whole history, and 
 by the intelligent patriot will be dwelt upon most earnestly. It of 
 course closes with the adoption of our present Constitution. 
 
 Sixth Period. Federalization. 
 
 It was one thing to declare independence ; another to maintain it. 
 So it was an important matter to organize a government, but it was a 
 much greater matter to popularize it ; to create and develop a national 
 sentiment which, when voiced in the memorable words, "The Union, 
 now and for ever, one and inseparable!" found an echo in the patriotic 
 hearts of every home. It must be remembered that the Colonies, proud 
 of their independent origin, and more or less jealous of one an ■>ther, 
 made with great reluctance the surrender of the State sovercigntj nec- 
 essary to a self-sustaining Union. 
 
 Although they at last adopted the Federal Constitution, that inhtru- 
 ment had to be administered with the utmost delicacy and caution, lest 
 some irritated State should of itself break the yet feeble bonds which 
 held it in the Upion. 
 
 To establish this sentiment, to strengthen these bonds, to weld iico 
 impregnable union these inharmonious elements, was the mission of 
 the Federal party. So well did it accomplish it that the opposition, 
 upon coming in power, forced by public opinion, pretended so vocifer- 
 ously to be the friends of the Constitution as to cause the Federalists, 
 ils founders, to appear, by contrast, its enemies.* 
 
 One step more to strengthen the Union had to be taken. As in 
 the adoption of the Constitution itself liberty was sacrificed, so again, 
 in the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the rights of mankind were made 
 secondary to theUnion. 
 
 Following this, the Slave Power enjoyed a sway so unresisted,! the 
 
 question of disunion, which could only arise from their defeat, was not 
 
 raised until the sentiment of federalization had so taken root as to 
 
 *Von Hoist. Con. Hist. U. S. I. pp. 65, et seq. Hild. V. p. 418. 
 •fWilson's Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. I. p. 165. 
 
compel Jackson to disregard the States Right views of his own party 
 and coerce rebelling Soulli Carolina in 1832. 
 
 This Compromise was followed by the "era of good feeling" of 
 Monroe's Administration, and by many other events, which indicate 
 the close of this and the beginning of the new era. 
 
 All the old regular parties were apparently dissolved during Mon- 
 roe's time. 
 
 In Adams' Administration the present Democratic party took its 
 name and character. 
 
 Then also arose the National Republicans, the precursors of the 
 Whigs, t 
 
 In 1826, Mr. Miner, of Pennsylvania, introduced a resolution, which 
 was the first of a national character looking to the reformation of the 
 Government. § 
 
 In 1828, the Tariff Question became a national one. 
 
 In 1829, Benj. Lundy visited Wm. Lloyd Garrison and induced him 
 to begin his career as an agitator, by becoming the editor of " T/ie 
 Genius of Universal Emancipation.'''' 
 
 While these events seem rather to indicate the beginning of the next 
 era, I am unwilling to class the Administration of John Quincy Adams 
 with those which follow. It was totally different from them in spirit, 
 principle and practice. It was a fit conclusion of the "Golden Age" 
 of our Government. 
 
 On the other hand, the methods employed by Jackson in his candi- 
 dacy for the Presidency with his demoralization of our civil service, || 
 stamped upon our politics a character diametrically opposite to that of 
 preceding Administrations, and as disastrous as it was different. 
 
 I therefore close the Second Great Era with the Administration of 
 John Quincy Adams. 
 
 The Third Era — Reformation. 
 
 The Union being no longer a question; the nation being sufficiently 
 consolidated to stand, whatever else might fall ; the States being so 
 firmly welded as to be able to withstand any wrenching, however 
 severe, the exciting era of Reformation is begun. 
 
 Our forefathers, who were practical men, com])romised with slavery 
 
 again and again, when attempting to unite the Colonies. This was 
 
 unavoidable. No Union could have been effected otherwise. The 
 
 Union was the important issue. 
 
 1 Statesman's Nfnnual, p. 1397. Gillet's Democracy in the U. S., p. iii. 
 
 } Gidding's History of the Rebellion, p. 82. 
 
 I Statesman's Manual, pp. 962-964. Quincy's Life of Adams, p. 195. 
 
[5] 
 
 Yet it is wonderful how, in these concessions to slavery, practices were 
 permitted without any sacrifice of the written principles of liberty in 
 the Constitution. It is still more wonderful that these written prin- 
 ciples more and more assert themselves, and survive the practices which 
 were so inconsistent with them, and were winked at for a time. 
 
 Seventh Period. Agitation. 
 
 The particulars of this period will appear in the extended outlines. 
 Its terminus falls naturally at the beginning of the Civil War, toward 
 which, as an effect, all its leading events were contributing causes. 
 
 Eighth Period. £r>mncipatiofi. 
 
 Though not so expected or intended by either party, the war became 
 a struggle for emancipation. The "current of events" was stronger 
 than the wills of men. 
 
 The only material result of the war was emancipation. 
 
 Ninth Period. Reorganisation. 
 
 During the great era of Nationalization the body-politic was set- 
 ting the bone and fixing the fiber — was being toned up preparatory 
 to undergoing the sickness of Agitation and the surgical operation of 
 Etnancipation. It is now passing through a hopeful convalesence of 
 Reorgattization . 
 
 All intelligent persons, North and South, are agreed that slavery was 
 a dark spot upon the record of our nation. Our forefathers. North 
 and South, especially in the South, deprecated it sincerely and repeat- 
 edly. Washington and Jefferson, both Southerners, freed their slaves. 
 The earliest Abolition Societies were formed in Slave States. f 
 
 But as it began and continued to be an issue, the South naturally 
 arrayed itself in its defense. At last, the struggle came between Slavery 
 and the Union. The Union survives. 
 
 Whatever we may have suffered, all must rejoice at the result — the 
 South even more than the North — for now, relieved of this incubus 
 upon her commerce and industries; possessed of all her advantages of 
 seaboard, commerce, and fertility of soil, she can soon rival the North 
 in a peaceful prosperity — a rivalry which slavery alone made unequal. 
 If Wilson's Rise and Fall, pp. 165, et seq. 
 
[6] 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY TO THE TWENTY-SEVEN GREAT EPOCHS. 
 
 In Chapter I., and Outline No. i, was presented a quick, but total, 
 bird's-eye view of our nation's history. 
 
 Let us again place ourselves in the same position, and make another 
 turvey of the whole ground, and mark out a few more of its salient 
 features. 
 
 As we traced out, then, the three Great Eras, and subdivided them 
 each into three Great Periods, let us now examine more closely these 
 Periods, and discover the three Great Epochs, which each one of them 
 presents — and so note the twenty-seven great mountain ranges, the gram! 
 peaks only of which we before recognized. 
 
 This will complete another survey — no broader than the first, but a 
 little deeper — and will answer for the map study, which it is always 
 wise to give a territory, preparatory to traveling over it. 
 
 Let it be understood, though, that the memory is not to be burdeneii 
 with these features marked out, but that we are to have the map itself 
 continually with us for ready reference; and that whatever is used frc 
 quently enough to be impressed upon our memory, ///a/ we will remem- 
 ber — no more. 
 
 The teacher is particularly cautioned against requiring pupils to 
 memorize these lifeless bones of outlines. They are intended for refer- 
 ence only. The intelligent study of the history, with them as guides, 
 will bring out their significance and value, and so sufficiently fasten 
 them on the mind. This may be facilitated by occasional oral reviews 
 or retrospects. 
 
UNITED STATES HISTORY. 
 
 No. 7 -THE THREE GREAT ERAS AND NINE GREAT PERIODS. 
 
 1^ OBIGIJSfATIOm (First Explorations to 
 
 Second Continental Congress.) . 1000~1775 
 
 1^ Exploration, (First Exploration to 
 
 Jamestown Settlement.) . . . 1000-1607 
 2^ Colonization. (Jamestown Settlement 
 
 to King William's War.) . . . 1607-1689 
 52 Consolidation, (King William's War 
 
 to Second Continental Congress.) . 1689-17 75 
 
 2^ NATIONALIZATION^, (Second Con- 
 tinental Congress to Jackson.) . 1775-1829 
 
 T^ Separation, (Second Continental Con- 
 gress to Second Treaty of Paris.) . 1775-1783 
 
 ^2 Organization, (Second Treaty of 
 
 Paris to Washington.) . . . 1 783-1 789 
 
 3"^ Federalization, (Washington to 
 
 Jackson.) ..... 1789-1829 
 
 3^ BEFOnilATION, (Jackson to Hayes.) 1829-1873 
 1^ Agitation, (Jackson to Lincoln. ) . 1829-1861 
 2^ Emancipation, (Lincoln to Johnson.) 1861-1865 
 5' jReorg animation, (Johnson to Hayes.) 1 865-1879 
 
 (7) 
 
No. 2.-V ORIGINATION. Wide No. 1, P. 3.) 
 
 1^ EXPLORATIONS, (First Explorations 
 
 to Jamestown Settlement.) . . 1000-1607 
 1^ Aborigines. (Earliest Times to First 
 
 Explorations.) .... looo 
 
 2^ Northmen, (First Explorations to 
 
 Columbus.) ..... 1000-1492 
 
 3' Eutopeans, ;,Columbus to Jamestown 
 
 Settlement.) 1492-1607 
 
 2^ COLONIZATION, (Jamestown Settle- 
 ment to King William's War.) . . 1607-1689 
 1^ Settlement, (Virginia to Georgia.) 1607-1733 
 2^ Extension, (Jamestown Settlement 
 
 to New England Confederation.) . 1607-1643 
 
 3' I*rovinciation. (New England Con- 
 federation to King William's War.) . I 643-1 689 
 
 3» CONSOLIDATION, (King William's 
 
 War to Second Continental Congress.) 1689-1775 
 
 1^ Preparation, (King William's War 
 
 to First Treaty of Paris.) . . . 1689-1763 
 
 2* Provocation- Taxation, (Impor- 
 tation Act to Stamp Act.) . . 1 651-1765 
 
 3' Deliberation-Colonial Unions, 
 
 (New England Confederation to 
 
 Second Continental Congress.) . 1643- 1775 
 (8) 
 
No. 3.-2' NATIONALIZATION. (]/ide No. 7.) 
 
 1^ SEBARATION—Revolutlonarij 
 JVav, (2d Continental Congress to 
 2dTreaty of Paris.) . . . 1775-1783 
 
 1^ Declared. (2d Continental Congress 
 
 to Declaration of Independence.) . 1775-1776 
 
 2^ Enforced. (Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence to Surrender of Cornwallis.) . 1776-1781 
 
 3' Recognized. (Surrender of Corn- 
 wallis to 2d Treaty of Paris.) . . 17 76-1 783 
 
 2"^ OMGANIZATION. (2d Treaty of Paris 
 
 to Washington. ) . . , . 1783-1739 
 1^ Confederation too Weak. (2d 
 
 Treaty of Paris to Philadelphia Consti- 
 tutional Convention.) . . . 1783-1787 
 
 2^ Ordinances, .... 1 784-1 787 
 3^ Constitution. (Philadelphia Consti- 
 tutional Convention to Washington.) 1 787-1 789 
 
 32 FBDERALIZATION. (Washington 
 
 to Jackson. ) 1789-1829 
 
 1^ Federalists. (Washington to. Jef- 
 ferson.) ...... 1789-1801 
 
 2^ Republicans. (Jefferson to Monroe.) 1801-1817 
 
 3* Ifat tonal Rjpitblicans* (Mon- 
 roe to Jackson.) .... 1817-1829 
 
 (9) 
 
No. 4.-3' REFORMATION. {Vide No. 7.) 
 
 12 AGITATION. (Jackson to Lincoln.) 1829-1861 
 
 1^ Democrats. (Jackson to Harrison.) 1829-1841 
 
 2^ Whiff 8. (Harrison to Taylor.) . 1 841-1850 
 
 33 Free-Sollers, (Taylor to Lincoln.) 1850-1861 
 
 2^ EMANCIJPATION. (Lincoln to John- 
 son.) 1861-1865 
 
 1^ Secession. (Inauguration of Lincoln.) 
 
 March 4, 1861 
 
 2^ Coercion— Civil War. (Fall of 
 
 Sumter to Surrender of Lee.) . . 1 861-1865 
 
 3^ Conclusion. (Surrender of Lee to 
 
 Johnson.) . . . April 9-April 15, 1865 
 
 32 REORGANIZATION. (Johnson to 
 
 Resumption.) 1855-1878 
 
 1^ Reconstruction. (Johnson to 
 
 Hayes.) 1 865-1 869 
 
 2^ Resumption. (Hayes to Resump- 
 tion.) 1877-1879 
 
 (10) 
 
No.'S.-V ABORIGINES. 2' NORTHMEN, {Vide No. 2.) 
 
 1^ GBOLOGICAL— Fossils of 
 
 1 5 Table Mt. Cal. Pliocene. 
 
 2 5 New Orleans Delta, 50,000 Years Old. / 
 
 3 5 Florida Conglomerate, 10,000 Years Old. 
 
 2^ TMAJDITIOWAL-lIound Builders. 
 
 1^ Locality -On Banks of the Following Rivers and 
 their Tributaries. 
 i^ Mississippi. 2^ Missouri. 3^ Ohio. 
 2^ Jtemains. 
 1^ Mounds. 
 2^ Ramparts. 
 3^ Enclosures. 
 
 i'^ Dimensions. 
 2'^ Area Enclosed, 
 
 37 Example — Fort Ancient, near Lebanon, O. 
 1 8 Area Enclosed — 100 Acres. 
 2 8 Length of Embankment — Four Miles. 
 38 Size of Embankment — Ten Feet High 
 by Twenty Broad. 
 55 Tfieories Concerning. 
 I ^ Icelandic Tradition. 
 2^ Iroquois Tradition. 
 3^ Aztec Theory. 
 
 S* HISTORICAL, 
 
 1^ Of Northern Coast— Esquimaux, 
 2^ Of Northwestern Coast— Kalaschi, 
 55 Of Eastern Coast— Indians, 
 
 1^ Algonquin. 2^ Iroquois. 3^ Florida. 
 
 2' NORTHMEN. 
 
 1* ICELAND— Discovered by Norwegians, 860. 
 2* AHHEmCA — Discovered by Norwegians, 1000 
 3* C^120iJi\r^>Sf- Discovered by Welsh, 1170. 
 
 (U) 
 
No. 6.-V 3' EUROPEAN EXPLORA TIONS. Wide No. 2.) 
 
 r NBW WOULD. 
 
 1 5 Discovered for Spain l)y Columbus, . . 1492 
 
 2 5 Named (1507) from Americus Vespucius, . 1499 
 
 3 5 Circumnavigated for Spain by Magellan, . 1520 
 
 2^ NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 j5 iSortlievu and JEastem Coast. 
 
 i^ English. 
 
 i^ Continent First Discovered by John and 
 
 Sebastian Cabot, ..... 1497 
 
 2'^ From Labrador to North Carolina, and 
 
 claimed for English by Sebastian Cabot, 1498 
 3' Massachusetts Coast by Gosnold, . . 1602 
 2" French. 
 
 i^ Gulf of St. Lawrence by Denys, . . 1506 
 2"^ Coast from Wilmington to Nova Scotia by 
 
 Verrazzani, ..... 1524 
 
 3' St. Lawrence River by Cartier, . , 1534 
 38 Dutch, ....... 1609 
 
 1 7 Where? Hudson River. 
 2^ By Whom? - Hudson. 
 3 7 Result — Claim all Territory from the 
 Connecticut to the Delaware. 
 
 2^ Eastern and Southern Coast by 
 SiHinish, 
 
 I "^ Florida by Ponce de Leon, . . . 15.12 
 
 2*^ Yucatan by Cordova, . . . . 151 7 
 
 3*5 Mexico by Grijalva, .... 1518 
 
 4^ Mexico Conquested by Cortez, . . 15 19 
 
 5° Eastern Coast North to South Carolina by 
 
 Ayllon, ...... 1520 
 
 6* Mississijjpi River and Southern States by 
 
 Ferdinand De Soto, . . . .1541 
 
 55 Western Coast. 
 
 I*' Pacific Ocean by Balboa, . .• . 1513 
 
 2* Gulf of California by Cortez, . . i534 
 
 3* Colorado River by Alargon, . . . 1540 
 
 4* Pacific Coast to Cape Mendocino by Cabrillo, 1542 
 5^ Coast to 48°, and Second Circumnavigation 
 
 of World for English by Drake, . . 1579 
 
 5* SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 (12) 
 
No. 7.-2' V SETTLEMENT. (Vide No. 2.) 
 
 1^ UWGLISH—Tlrguiiato Georgia, 16071733 
 1 5 Southern, 
 
 I "^ Virginia at Jamestown by London Company, 1607 
 2^ Maryland at St. Mary s by Lord Baltimore, 1634 
 3^ North Carolina at Albemarle by Clarendon 
 
 Grant, ...... 1663 
 
 4® South Carolina at Charleston, . . . 1670 
 5" Georgia at Savannah by Oglethorpe, . 1733 
 
 25 Northern, 
 
 i^ Massachusetts at Plymouth by Pilgrims, . 1620 
 2^ Connecticut at Windsor by Holmes, . 1633 
 3^ Rhode Island at Providence by Roger Wil- 
 liams, ....... 1636 
 
 4^ New Hampshire at Dover, . . . 1623 
 
 3^ Middle, 
 
 i^ New York at New Amsterdam (N. Y.) by 
 
 Dutdh, ...... 1623 
 
 2^ Delaware at Wilmington by Swedes, . 1638 
 3^ New Jersey at Elizabeth by Gov. Nichol, 1664 
 4^ Pennsylvania at Philadelphia by Wm. Penn, 1683 
 
 J?* SBANISH. 
 
 1 5 First Colony in the New World, Hayti, Columbus, 1493 
 2^ First Colony on the Continent, Darien, . . 15 10 
 35 The Oldest Colony in the United States, St. 
 
 Augustine, ...... 1565 
 
 4^ The Oldest Colony in the West, Santa Fe, by 
 
 Espejo, 1582 
 
 3* FBEJSCH. 
 
 1 5 Oldest Settlement on Atlantic Coast, Acadia N. 
 
 S.), by De Monts, ..... 1605 
 2^ Oldest Settlement in Canada, Quebec, by 
 
 Champlain, ...... 1608 
 
 (13) 
 
No. 8.-2' 2' EXTlNSION. Wide No. 2.) 
 
 1^ TEBRITOIilAL, 
 1^ Indians. 
 
 1^ New England Colonies. 
 
 i' Treaty with Massasoit, . " . . 162 1 
 2' Pequod War, .... 1 633-1 637 
 
 3^ Ro^^er Williams and the Indians, . 1636 
 2^ Southern Colonies. 
 
 1'' Calvert and the Indians in Maryland, 1634 
 2'^ Smith and the Indians in Virginia, 1 607-1 609 
 3' Pocahontas Kidnapped, Virginia, . 1613 
 4'' OpechancanoLigh's War, Virginia, . 1622 
 5' War of the Susquehannas, Virginia and 
 
 Maryland, .... 1644 
 
 3" Middle Colonies. 
 
 i'' May and the Indians, . . . 1623 
 2' Massacre of Lewistown, . . .1632 
 
 3' Swedes and the Indians, . . .1637 
 
 4'' New York Indian War, . . 1 640-1 644 
 2^ jyutch. 
 ,^5 jpyench. 
 2* COM3IERCIAL, 
 V JProdttf-e, 
 
 I "Lumber. 2® Fish. 3' Skins. 4^ Furs. 5^ Tobacco. 
 2^ 3lani(facfoi'ies, 
 3^ iiro^/f'//— Wampum, Grain and Tobacco. 
 5* SOCIAL. 
 
 1^ roUtical, 
 
 I® The First Compact on Mayflower, . . 1620 
 2*^ The First Written Constitirj')ii, Jamestown, 1619 
 3^ The First Written Constitution Prepared by 
 
 the People at Hartford, . . 1639 
 
 4^ New England Confederation, the First Colo- 
 nial Union, ...... 1643 
 
 2^ Itelif/loHs. 
 
 I ^ Pilgrims at Plymouth, and Puritans at Boston. 
 2*^ Catholics in Maryland, the First to Enact Relig- 
 ious Toleration. 
 38 Episcopaleans, Dutch Reformed and Quakers. 
 55 Educational, 
 I* New England. 
 2" Southern Colonies. 
 3° Middle Colonies. 
 
 (14) 
 
No. 9.-2' 3' PROVINGIATION. Wide No. 2.) 
 
 1^ NEW ENGLAND COLONIES, 
 
 i^ M issachusetts, ...... i6S6 
 
 2 5 Connecticut, ...... 1687 
 
 3^ Rhode Island, 1687 
 
 45 New Hampshire, ...... 1679 
 
 2^ MLDDLE COLONIES, 
 
 1^ New York, ....... 1664 
 
 2^ Delaware, ....... 1664 
 
 3 5 Pennsylvania — never a Royal Province. 
 
 4^ New Jersey, ...... 1702 
 
 54 SOUTHERN COLONIES. 
 
 1 5 Virginia, ....... 1624 
 
 2 5 Maryland, . . . . . . .1691 
 
 3 5 North Carolina, . . . . . .1729 
 
 4^ South Carolina, . . . . . .1729 
 
 55 Georgia, 1752 
 
 (15) 
 
No. 70 -P 3' CONSOLIDATION. (Vide No. 2.) 
 
 T" PHEPARATION. (King William's 
 
 War to First Treaty of Paris.) . 1689-17 63 
 
 I* French Explorations. (^Raymbault to Fort 
 
 Du Quesne.) ..... 1641-1754 
 
 2* French Aggression or Inter-Colonial Wars 
 or European Disputes. (King William's 
 War to North American Confederation.)! 689-1 754 
 
 3* French Expulsion or French and Indian 
 •War or Territorial Dispute. (North 
 American Confederation to First 
 Treaty of Paris.) .... 1754-1763 
 
 2^ PROVOCATION, (Navigation Act to 
 
 S amp Act.) ..... 1651-1765 
 I* Navigation Acts. .... 165 1 and 1733 
 2* Writs of Assistance, .... 1761 
 
 3* Stamp Act, 1765 
 
 53 PERrJETUATION or Colonial 
 Unions, (New England Confeder- 
 ation to Second Continental Congress.) 1643-1775 
 I* New England Confederation, . . 1643 
 
 2* American Congresses, . . . 1690 and 1754 
 3^ Remonstrating Congresses, . . 1765 and 1774 
 
 (16) 
 
No. 11-7' FRENCH EXPLORATIONS. {Vide 10.) 
 
 j5 tOWAjRJD TSB MISSISSIPPI, 
 
 i^ Lake Superior by Chas. Raynebault, - - 1641 
 
 2^ Mississippi by Marquette and Joliet, - - 1673 
 
 3® Mississippi to the Mouth by La Salle, - - 1681 
 
 4^ Detroit settled, 170T 
 
 2^ FMOM THE GULF, 
 
 i^ Louisiana settled by D'Ibberville, - - - 1699 
 
 2^ Natchez (Rosalee) founded, - - - - 1700 
 
 3^ Mobile founded, 1702 
 
 4" New Orleans founded, - - - - -1722 
 
 55 TOWARD THE OHIO, 
 
 16 Vincennes, Ind., founded, - - - i735 
 2^ Erie, Ohio (Presque Isle), founded, - - 1753 
 3 ^ Le Boeuf (Waterford, Pa. ), and Venango (Frank- 
 lin, Pa.), founded, - - - - 1753 
 4^ Pittsburg (Fort Du Quesne) founded, - - 1754 
 
 (17) 
 
July 7, 
 
 1689 
 
 Feb. 1 8, 
 
 1690 
 
 Mar. 28, 
 
 1690 
 
 May 21, 
 
 1690 
 
 May, 
 
 1690 
 
 October, 
 
 1690 
 
 July 28, 
 
 1694 
 
 Mar. 25, 
 
 1697 
 
 1^0. 12.-2' FRENCH AGGRESSION-First, Second and Third In- 
 tercolonial Wars. European Disputes. {Vide 10.) 
 
 J5 KIJS^G WILLIAJWS WAR— First 
 
 lutet'colonial TVarf - - 16S9-1697 
 1^ Cciuse — English Revolution of '88. King 
 
 \V'^illiam7'^r^«j> James II. and Louis XIV. 
 2^ Incidents. 
 
 i"* Dover, N. H., Massacre, 
 2'' Schenectady, N. Y., Massacre, 
 3' Salmon Falls, Maine, Massacre, 
 4' Casco Bay, Maine, Massacre, - 
 5"^ Nova Scotia Expedition, - 
 6''' Canada Expedition, - 
 7'^ Oyster River, N. H., Massacre, 
 8'^ Haverhill, Mass., Massacre, 
 3^ Conclusion — Treaty of Ryswick, Sept. 20, 1697 
 
 2^ QVEEN ANXJE'S WAR — Second 
 
 Intercolonial War, - - 1702-1713 
 1^ Cause — War of Spanish Succession. 
 
 England versus France. 
 2^ Incidents, 
 1'' South. 
 
 1 8 St. Augustine Expedition, - May, 1702 
 
 2 8 Appalachian Expedition, - Dec, 1702 
 
 38 Charleston repels Attack, - - 1706 
 
 4* Tuscaroras War, - - - - 1712 
 
 5* Yamasses War, - - - - 1715 
 2'' North. 
 
 1 8 Port Royal Expedition, - - - 17 10 
 2 8 Canada Expedition, - - - 171 1 
 5" Conclusion — Treaty of Utrecht. Aca- 
 dia ceded to England, - - April II, 1 7 13 
 
 35 KING GBORfiE'S WAR— Third 
 
 Intet^colonial War, - - 1744-1743 
 1^ Cause — Austrian Succession. England 
 
 7'ersi/s France. 
 2^ Incidents. 
 
 1'' Louisburg Expedition, . - - - 1745 
 2'' D'Arvillc Expedition, .... 1746 
 5^ Conclusion — Treaty of Aix la Chapelle 
 
 (Boundaries undecided), . - - - 1748 
 (18) 
 
f^o. 13.-3' FRENCH EXPULSION-French and Indian War. 
 Temfon'al Dispute. iVide No. W.) 
 
 1^ CA USE— Territorial Boundaries, 
 2^ INCIDENTS, 
 
 2 6 Jprom the West. For Western Territory. 
 
 1 7 Washington's Journey to Fort Le Boeuf, 17 53 
 2'^ Fort Du Quesne established, - - 1754 
 
 3'^ First Bloodshed, Battle of Great Meadows, 1754 
 4' Surrender of Fort Necessity (Great Mead- 
 ows), - - _ - -_ July 4, 1754 
 5 ^ Braddock's Defeat (First Expedition against 
 
 Fort Du Quesne), - - July 9, 1755 
 
 6'^ Capture of Fort Du Quesne (Second Expe- 
 dition against the Fort — Pittsburg), - 1758 
 
 ^6 From the North, For Canada. 
 
 1 7 Shirley's Expedition against Fort Niagara 
 
 a Failure, - - - - ---i755 
 
 2'^ Battle of Lake George a Success, - - 1755 
 3^ Montcalm (Fr.) captures Oswego, - - 1756 
 4'' Montcalm captures Fort William Henry, 1757 
 5 '^ Abercrombie's Expedition against Montcalm 
 
 at Fort Ticonderoga a Failure, - - 1758 
 6'^ English capture Ticonderoga, Crown Point 
 
 and Fort Niagara, - - - -i759 
 7'^ Montcalm (Fr. ) surrenders Quebec to 
 
 Wolfe (Eng.), - - - - - i759 
 8^ English capture Montreal, and Canada 
 
 yields to English, - - - - 1760 
 9'^ Pontiac War, ------ 1763 
 
 36 From the East. For the Fisheries. 
 
 i'^ English brutally kidnap the Acadians, - 1755 
 2'^ First Expedition against Louisburg a Failure, 1757 
 3'' Second Expedition against Louisburg by 
 
 Wolfe a Success, - - - - 1758 
 
 35 CONCL US ION- First Treaty of Paris, 1 763 
 1^ France cedes all Territory 
 
 I '' East of Mississippi to England. 
 2'^ West of Mississippi to Spain. 
 
 2^ Spain cedes Florida to England, 
 
 (19) 
 
No. 14.-3' DELIBERATIONS-Golonial Unions. iVide No. 10.) 
 
 1* NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERA- 
 TION, 1643 
 
 1^ JPlaces of 3Ieetinff. 
 
 I ^ Boston. 2^ Hartford. 3* New Haven. 4^ Plymouth. 
 
 2^ Duration^ 1 643-1685 
 
 3^ Puritoses, 
 
 I* Protection against 
 
 1 7 Dutch. 2 7 French. 3 ' Indians. (Vide No. 8.) 
 2^ To "maintain Liberty of Gospel in Purity and 
 Peace." 
 4^ Colonies coinposinff, 
 
 i^ Massachusetts. 2^ Plymouth. 3^ Connecticut. 
 4*5 New Haven. 
 &^ Articles of Union. 
 
 i^ Title — United Colonies of New England. 
 2^ Representation. 
 
 1 7 Number — Two from each Colony. 
 2 7 Qualifications — Church Membership. 
 3* Secession. 
 4^ Fugitive Slave Bill. 
 6^ References — Hildreth I., p. 287; Towle, p. 302; 
 Palfrey I. p. 629: Martin Civ. Govt. p. 106. 
 
 S^ AMERICAN CONGRESSES. 
 
 jf5 j^irst American Conr/ress, - - 1690 
 
 i^ Place of Meeting — New York. 
 
 2* Duration, 1690-1697 
 
 3^ Purpose —Protection against French and Indians. 
 48 Colonies Composing. 
 
 i' New York. 2' Massachusetts. 3' Connecticut. 
 5^ References — Bancroft III. p. 183; Hildreth II. 
 
 P- ^33- 
 2<i North- American ConfederacAj ^ 
 
 June 19-july II, 1754 
 
 1 8 Place of Meeting— Albany. 
 
 2^ Duration — Articles rejected by King and by 
 Colonies. 
 
 3^ Members — Massachusetts, New Haven, Rhode 
 Island, Connecticut, New York, New Hamp- 
 shire, Pennsylvania, Maryland, ' 'Six Nations. " 
 
 4* Moving Spirit — Ben Franklin. 
 
 5« References — Bancroft IV. p. 121; Hildreth II. 
 p. 443; Statesman's Manual, Williams, p. 1508. 
 (20) 
 
No. 15.-3' REMONSTRATING COLONIAL CONGRESSES. 
 {Vide No. W.) 
 
 1^ TSJE STAMP ACT CONGRESS, 
 
 Oct. 7-Oct. 24, 1765 
 1^ Place of Meeting — New York. 
 2^ Cctl^se— Stamp Act, - - - March 22, 1765 
 3^ Members, 
 
 1 7 Mass. 2 7 Conn. 3^ R. I. 4^ Pa. 5^ Md. 
 67 S. C. 7' Del. 87 N. J. 9^ N. Y. 
 4® JResults -Declaration of Rights and Repeal 
 
 of Stamp Act, - - - March 8, 1766 
 S^ References -Towle, 305 ; Bancroft V. p. 
 334; Hildreth 11. p. 59; Young's American 
 Statesman, p. 37; Williams' Manual, 1510. 
 
 ^« FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
 
 1^ Place of itfee^mgr— Philadelphia. 
 2^ Causes. 
 
 1 7 Mutiny Act, ------ 1765 
 
 2^ Revenue Act on Teas, etc., - - - 1765 
 37 Repeal of Stamp Act, with Assertion of Right 
 
 to bind Colonies in all Cases whatsoever, 1766 
 47 John Hancock's Sloop protected by a Mob, 1768 
 57 Troops ordered to and quartered at Boston, 1768 
 67 Parliament pronounces Mass. rebellious, 1769 
 77 N. Y. Riot: First Outbreak, Jan. 17, 1770 
 
 87 Boston Massacre, - - - March 5, 1770 
 97 Revenue Act of '65 repealed, but Duty on 
 
 Tea retained for "principle," March 5, 1770 
 io7 Boston Tea Party, - - Dec. 10, 1773 
 
 ii7 Boston Port Bill, - - - March 14, 1774 
 127 Gage fortifies Boston Neck, - Sept., 1774 
 
 3® Members — All Colonies except Georgia. 
 4^ Duration of Session— Sept. 5-Oct. 26. 
 5^ Results. 
 
 1 7 Declaration of Rights. 
 
 2 7 Agree not to use British Imports (Am. Ass'n). 
 
 37 Addresses to King and Colonies disclaiming 
 
 a Desire for Independence. 
 47 Another Congress recommended to meet 
 May 10, 1775. 
 6^ References -Ban. VII. pp. 76-152; Hild. 
 III. pp. 34-46 ; Young, p. 46. 
 (21) 
 
No. 16.-1' J' SEPARATION DECLARED. {Vide No. 3.) 
 
 1* THE CONFLICT, First Year. (Battle of 
 Lexington to Declaration of Indejiendence.) 
 
 April 19, 1775-July 4, 1776 
 
 1^ In Massachusetts, 
 
 1 6 Battle of Lexington, Farker-^Miin and 
 
 PiTCAiRN, - ( -1,700) April 19, 1775 
 2^ Battle of Bunker Hill, Howe and Clin- 
 
 YO^-Prcscott, - (3,000-1,500) June 17, 1775 
 3* Evacuation of Boston, IVashington-Yiow'E, 
 
 (8,000-9,000) March 17, 1776 
 4" The Army at New York, IVashifigton-YiowE, 
 
 (17,000-30,000) April 26, 1776 
 
 2^ Toward Canada. 
 
 i^ Capture of Ticonderoga, Ethan A/kn-DE- 
 
 Laplace, - - (80-60) May 10, 1775 
 
 2^ Invasion of Canada a Failure, 
 
 Aug. 30-Dec. 31, 1775 
 i^ Montreal surrenders, Montgomery- 
 
 Carleton, - - Nov. 12, 1775 
 
 2 7 Siege of Quebec, CARLEXON-Ji'^///- 
 
 gomery and Arnold, (<)oo-2, 000) Dec. 31, 1775 
 
 35 In the South, 
 
 i^ Siege of Charleston, Afou/fr/e-CusTO^ and 
 
 Parker, - - (400-4,000) June 28, 1775 
 
 2* THE COLONIES, 
 
 1 5 The Mecklenburg (County, N. C.) Declaration, 
 
 May 31, 1775 
 2 5 Dunmore and Patrick Henry in Virginia, Dec, 1775 
 3 5 From Paine's "Common Sense," - - Jan., 1776 
 4^ South Carolina first to adopt Independent State 
 
 Constitution, ... - March 26, 1776 
 
 56 North Carolina first to instruct Congress to vote 
 
 Independence, - - - - April 4, 1776 
 6^ Williamsburg (Va.) Declaration (Virginia Bill 
 
 of Rights), June 12, 1776 
 
 76 Daniel Boone in Kentucky, - - - April, 1775 
 
 3^ THE CONGRESS. (Vide 17.) 
 
 (22) 
 
No. 17 -SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS-Firsi and Second 
 Sessions. {Vide No. 16.) 
 
 2^ THE CONGRESS. (First Meeting to Declara- 
 tion of Independence.) May lo, 1775-July 4,1776 
 1^ Place of Meeting — Philadelphia (Carpen- 
 ter's Hall). 
 2^ Duration, 
 
 i^ First Session, May lo-August i, 1775. 
 2^ Second Session, Sept. 5,17 75-Dec. 12,1776. 
 35 Officers, 
 
 i^ Pres., Peyton Randolph. 2® Sec. ,Chas.Tompson. 
 45 Enactments, 
 i^ Concerning War. 
 
 i' Gen. Washington chosen Commander-in- 
 Chief, . . - - June 15, 1775 
 2^ Declaration of War; but not for Inde- 
 pendence, - - - July 6, 1775 
 3^ Marine Committee (Navy), - Nov. 25, 1775 
 4'^ Being pronounced Rebels, declare Retali- 
 ation, - - - - Dec. 6, 1775 
 5'' Issues Money (10,000,000 Bills of Credit), 
 
 June 23-Feb. 17, 1775 
 6'' Board of War (War Dep't), John Adams, 
 
 Chairman, . - - 'June 12, 1776 
 
 2^ Toward Organization. 
 
 I '^ Post-Office Department, Ben Franklin, Post- 
 Master General, - - July 26, 1775 
 2'^ Nation named "Thirteen United Colonies," 
 
 Sept. 5, 1775 
 3'^ Secret Committee (State Dep't), Ben Frank- 
 lin, Chairman, - - - Nov. 29, 1775 
 4'^ Treasury Dep't, Gerry, Ch. of Com., April i, 1776 
 3^ Toward Independence. 
 
 i'^ Second and Last Petition to the King, July 8,1775 
 2'' Recommend Colonies to establish Sufficient 
 
 Governments, - - - May 10, 1776 
 3^ Resolution of Ind., by Lee, of Va., June 7, 1776 
 4'^ Committee to draft Dec. of Ind., June 11, 1776 
 5'' Com. on Articles of Confederation, June 11, 1776 
 6'^ Committee on Dec. of Ind. report, June 28, 1776 
 'j'^ Lee's Resolution of June 17, adopted, July 2, 1776 
 8'^ Declaration of Independenceadopted, July 4, 1776 
 
No. 18 -V 2' SEPARATION ENFORCED, il/ide No. 3.) 
 
 J* FRANKLIN PERIOV, (War in North 
 and Middle States. Second and Third 
 Years.) 1776-1777 
 
 1^ The Conflict, (Battle of Long Island 
 to Surrender of Burgoyne.) 
 
 Aug. 1776-Oct. 17, 1777 
 
 2^ The Congress. (Declaration of In- 
 dependence to Adoption of Articles of 
 Confederation.) - July 4, 1776-Nov., 1777 
 
 3^ The Colonies, (New Constitution of 
 Massachusetts to New Constitution of 
 New York.) - - May, 1776-April, 1777 
 
 ;?* FRENCH JPFRIO D. ( War in Middle 
 and Southern States. Fourth and Fifth 
 Years.) 1778-1779 
 
 1^ The Conflict. (Battle of Monmouth 
 
 to Battle of Savannah. ) June, 1778-Oct., 1779 
 
 2^ The Congress. (French Alliance to 
 
 Adams' British Min.) - Feb., i778-Sept., 1779 
 
 3^ The Colonies. (Massacre of Wyom- 
 ing to Founding of Nashville, July, 1778-1779 
 
 5* MORRIS PFRIOl). (War in the South. 
 
 Sixth and Seventh Years. ) - - 1780-1781 
 
 1^ The Conflict. (Surrender of Charleston 
 
 to Surrender of Cornwallis. ) May, 1 780-Oct. ,1781 
 
 2^ The Congress. (New Tenor to Bank 
 
 of North America.) - Feb., 1780-Dec., 1781 
 
 3^ TJie Colonies. (Murder of Mrs. Cald- 
 well to Thanksgiving.) - - - 1 780-1 781 
 (24) 
 
No. 19. P FRANKLIN PERIOD, 1776-77. V THE CONFLICT. 
 (Vide No. 18.) 
 
 1^ THJE COJUSFLICT. (Battle of Long 
 
 Island to Surrender of Burgoyne.) . 1776-1777 
 1^ Weiv York Campaign. (Bat. of Long 
 
 Island — Sur. of Ft. Washington.) Aug.-Nov.,i776 
 I "^ Battle of Long Island, Howe and Clinton- 
 
 Futnam, . (20,000-5,000) Aug. 27, 1776 
 2'^ Memorable Retreat across the Sound to 
 
 New York, . . Aug. 29, 30, 1776 
 
 3'^ Evacuation of New York City, Sept. 14, 1776 
 4"^ Battle of White Plains, 'L^si.\¥.-Mc Dougall, 
 
 (2,000-1,600) Oct. 28, 1776 
 5'^ Surrender of Ft. Washington, iiov^-E.-Magaw, 
 
 (5,000-3,000) Nov. 16, 1776 
 2^ Philadeljyhla Campaign, (Evacuation 
 of Fort Lee to Evacuation of Fort Miffin. 
 i^ First Campaign — Philadelphia saved. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1776-Jan. 5, 1777 
 1 8 Fort Lee evacuated, . . Nov. 20, 1776 
 
 . 2 8 Retreat through N. J. to Newtown, Pa., 
 
 Nov. 2o-Dec. 7, 1776 
 38 Washington crosses the Dela. , Dec. 25, 1776 
 48 Battle of Trenton, IVas/iing/on-RAHL, 
 
 (2,400-1,000) Dec. 26, 1777 
 58 Battle of Princeton ( IVashington-Mxw- 
 
 HOOD, . . (3,000-1,800) Jan. 3, 1777 
 6 8 Win. Quar. Washingtom.tY aWtyY'gQ; 
 
 CoRNWALLis at Brunswick. Jan. 5, 1777 
 2' Second Campaign — Philadelphia lost. 
 I* Washington moves to Middlebrook, 
 
 (7,000) May 28, 1777 
 28 HowEevac. Newjer., (30,000) June 30, 1777 
 38 Howe embarks at New York for Phil- 
 adelphia, . (18,000) July 23, 1777 
 48 Washington passes thro' Phila., Aug. 24, 1777 
 58 Howe at Elkton, 54 miles from Phila- 
 delphia, . . . Aug. 25, 1777 
 6* Bat. o{Bra.r\dywine,Ylovi^- Washington, 
 
 (18,000-11,000) Sept. II, 1777 
 78 Howe occupies Philadelphia, Sept. 22, 1777 
 8^ Bat. of Germantown, Howe- Washing- 
 
 ion, . (15,000-11,000) Oct. 4, 1777 
 (25) 
 
9* Bat. of Forts Mercer and Miffin, Greene 
 
 &' 6'/«///i-DoNOP «Sc Howe, Oct. 22, 1777 
 108 Bat. of Fort Miffin, How £.- Thayer, 
 
 Nov. 16, 1777 
 II* JVashington in Win. Quar. at Valley 
 
 Forge; Howe in Philadelphia. Dec, 1777 
 
 S*' JSiidsoii Rivet' Campdigu. 
 
 i'' BuRGOYNE invades New York, . Aug., 1777 
 2"^ Battle of Bennington (Vt.), Stark-EwwM, 
 
 (2,000-1,200) Aug. 16, 1777 
 3^ Battle of Bemus Heights, G^ato-BuRoovNE, 
 
 (2,500-3,000) Sept. 19, 1777 
 4'' Battle of Saratoga, 6^«to-BuRG0VNE, 
 
 (8,000-4,500) Oct. 7, 1777 
 57 Surrender of BuRGOYNE, . Oct. 17, 1777 
 
 No. 20. V FRANKLIN PERIOD, 1776-77. 2' THE CONGRESS. 
 Wide No. 18.) 
 
 05 TUB CONGRESS. (Declaration of In- 
 dependence to Adoption of Articles of 
 Confederation.) . . . 1776-Nov., 1777 
 
 1^ Places of 3Ieetlng, 
 
 1'^ Philadelphia, . . July-Dec. 12, 1776 
 
 2'' Baltimore, . . Dec. 27, 1777-Mar. 3, 1777 
 3' Philadelphia, . . Mar. 3-Sept. 22, 1777 
 
 47 Lancaster, .... Sept. 27, 1777 
 57 York, . , . Sept. 30, 1777-July, 1778 
 
 2^ Presidents. 
 
 x'' John Hancock, of Massachusetts, 
 
 May 24, 1775-N0V. I, 1777 
 2"^ Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, 
 
 Nov. I, 1777-Dec. 10, 1778 
 3^ Proceedings, 
 
 i' Articles of Confederation reported, July 12, 1776 
 2'' Overtures of Howe, . . . July,i776 
 3^ Dec. of Ind. engrossed and signed, Aug. 2, 1776 
 4'^ Franklin, Deane and Lee, Ministers to 
 
 France, .... Sept. 17, 1776 
 (•20) 
 
5^ Washington authorized to organize an Army, 
 
 Dec. 27, 1776 
 6'^ Franklin in Paris, . . Dec. 21, 1776 
 
 7'' Money issued, $19,000,000. TotaltoDate, 
 
 $25,000,000. . . . Dec. 31, 1776 
 8'^ Franklin secures Aids from France, Jan. 16, 1777 
 9^ La Fayette embarks for America, April 26, 1777 
 io7 National Flag adopted, . . June 14, 1777 
 
 ii7 La Fayette made Major General, Aug., 1777 
 12'' Arncles of Confederation adopted at York- 
 town, .... Nov. 15, 1777 
 13'^ Money issued, $13,000,000. TotaltoDate, 
 
 $38,000,000. . . . Dec. 31, 1777 
 
 No. 21. r FRANKLIN PERIOD, 1776-77. 2' THE COLONIES. 
 iVide No 18.) 
 
 2^ THE COLONIES. (Constitution of Dela- 
 ware to Conway Cabal.) Sept. 20, 1776-Dec., 1777 
 i^ Great Fire in New York, . . Sept. 20, 1776 
 2^ Delaware organized, . . . Sept. 30, 1776 
 3« Maryland organized, . . . Nov., 1776 
 46 Newport, R. L, occupied by British, Dec. 8, 1776 
 56 North Carolina adopts Constitution, Dec. 18, 1776 
 6^ Georgia organized, . . . Feb. 5, 1777 
 7^ Pennsylvania organized under its new Constitu- 
 tion, March, 1777 
 
 8^ Tyron raids upon Danbury, Conn., April 23, 1777 
 9^ J/^/^5- raids Sag Harbor, L. L, . May 24, 1777 
 10^ People of Massachusetts reject new Constitu- 
 tion, . . . . . June, 1777 
 11^ Kentucky a County of Virginia, . Jan. 7, 1777 
 12^ New York organized, . . . July 3, 1777 
 13^ Prescott captured as hostage for Z^^, July 13, 1777 
 14S Conway Cabal against Washington, . Dec, 1777 
 
 (27) 
 
No. 22-2' FRENCH PERIOD, 1118-19. V THE CONFLICT. 
 Wide No. 18.) 
 
 1^ THE COJSFLICT, (Battle of Monmouth to 
 
 Battle of Savannah.) . June, 1778-Oct., 1779 
 
 J 6 In the North. 
 
 i'' British evacuate Philadelphia, . June i8, 1778 
 2'^ Battle of Monmouth, IFas/iing/on-CuNTON, 
 (12,000-11,000} June 28, 
 3 7 Howe in New York, . . July i, 
 
 4'' D' Estaing, with 4,000 Troops, arrives from 
 France, .... July 6, 
 5'' /^^/»««f^« at White Plains, . July 21, 
 6^ Battle of Rhode Island, Sullivan-ViGOT, 
 (5,000-5,000) Aug. 19, 
 7' Z^'^j/^z//?^ retires to Boston, . Aug. 20, 
 8^ British Prisoners (Burgovne) sent to Char- 
 lottesville, Va. , .' . . Sept., 
 9^ 5,000 British Troops sent from Nevt^ York 
 to West Indies, . . . Nov. i, 
 lo^ D'Estawg\Qdcves Boston for West Indies, 
 
 Nov. I, 
 11^ 3, 500 Brit. Tr. sent from N.Y. to Ga. ,Nov. 20, 
 12' IVashington in Winter Quarters at Valley 
 Forge, N. J., . . . . Dec, 
 2^ In the South, 
 
 I ' Battle of Savannah, Camphell-^c?/;/. Ho7ve, 
 (2,000-900) Dec. 29, 
 z"^ Bat. ofSunbury, Ga. , Prevost-Z«//^, Jan. 9,: 
 3'' Battle of Kettle Creek, Ga., Pukcns-^o\\i, 
 
 (300-700) Feb. 14, 
 
 4 7 Battle of Briar Creek, N. C. , PREVOST-y^j/zr, 
 
 (1,800-1,200) March 3, 
 
 5^ Battle of Stone Ferry, S. C. , Maitland- 
 
 Lincoln, . . (1,200-800) June 20, 
 
 6'' Savannah, Ga., held, VREVosiV- Lime///, 
 
 (2,900-4,500) Oct. 9, 
 7'' Washington in Winter Quarters at Morris- 
 town, N. J., . . . . Dec, 
 8'' British Troops in Winter Quarters at New 
 York and in South, . . . Dec, 
 »?' Oti the Ocean, Naval Conflict, Flamboro 
 Head, Coast of Scotland, Eau/ /ones-FEAV.- 
 SON, , (2 Vessels-Squadron) Sept. 23, 
 (28) 
 
No. 23.-2' FRENCH PERIOD. 2' THE CONGRESS. 
 Wide No. 18.) 
 
 2^ THE CONGRESS. (French Alliance to 
 
 Adams as British Minister.) . . 1778-1779 
 
 1^ JPlace of Meeting — Philadelphia, 
 
 July 2, 1778-1783 
 
 2^ Presidents. ' 
 
 i'^ Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, 
 
 Nov. I, 1777-Dec. 10, 1778 
 
 2'^ John Jay, of New York, 
 
 Dec. 10, 1778-Sept. 28, 1779 
 
 3'^ Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut, 
 
 Sept. 28, 1779-July 10, 1781 
 
 56 jproceedings. 
 
 i' Treaties with France, . . Jan. 30, 1778 
 
 2'^ FrenchTreaties received and ratified, May 5, 17 78 
 
 3'^ English Commissioners offer Terms, 
 
 June 13, ,1778 
 
 4'^ 68,000,000 Currency issued, . . 1778 
 
 5 7 100,000,000 Currency issued to date, 
 
 Dec. 31, 1778 
 
 6'^ Adams sent to Paris to treat with England, 
 
 Sept. 27, 1779 
 
 7' Total Issue of Currency 200,000,000, and 
 
 Press stopped, . . . Dec, 1778 
 
 (29) 
 
No. 24.-2* FRENCH PERIOD. 3' THE COLONIES. 
 
 S^ THE COLOXIES. (Massacre of Wyoming- 
 Philadelphia Money Riots.) . . 1778-1779 
 
 i^ Massacre of Wyoming, Pa., . • July 3o 1778 
 
 2* New Bedford and Fairhaven, Conn., burned 
 
 by British, .... Sept. 5, 1778 
 
 3^ Louisville founded by Clarke, . . Oct., 1778 
 
 4« Egg Harbor, N. J., .... Oct., 1778 
 
 5^ Virginia forms County of Illinois, . Oct., 1778 
 
 6^ Massacre of Cherry Valley, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1778 
 
 7^ New Constitution of South Carolina, . Dec, 1778 
 
 8^ Lexington, Ky., founded by Clarke, . April, 1779 
 
 9^ Nashville, Tenn., founded by Robertson, May, 1779 
 
 10*' Virginia plundered by Matthews, . May, 1779 
 
 11" All States except Maryland ratify Articles of 
 
 Confederation, . . . July 9, 1779 
 
 12* Stony Point, N. Y. , taken by British, July 16, 1779 
 
 13^ Tyron plunders Connecticut, . . July, 1779 
 
 14^ Battle of Stony Point, N. Y., fF^Tj'w-JoHxsdx, 
 
 (1,200-600) July 15, 1779 
 
 15' Penobscot Expedition a Failure, McT,ean- 
 
 Lovell, . . . (3,000-900) Aug. 13, 1779 
 
 16^ Money Riots in Philadelphia, . Oct. 4, 1779 
 
 17* Patriotism at its lowest Ebb, . . .1779 
 
 (30) 
 
No. 25 -3' ROBERT MORRIS PERIOD, 1780-1781. V THE 
 CONFLICT. {Vide No. 18.) 
 
 1^ TELE CONFLICT. (Surrender of Charleston 
 
 to Surrender of Cornwallis.) May, 1780-Oct., 1781 
 1^ Carolina s Over^run, 
 
 i'^ Lincoln Campaign. 
 
 i^ Clinton transfers Conflict to South, Dec, 1779 
 2* Clinton before Charleston, . . Feb., 1780 
 
 38 Bat. of Monk's Cor.,S.C.,TARLETON-Zr//^d'r, 
 
 (600-300) April 14, 1 7 So 
 48 Fall of Charleston, CLiNTON-Z/«r^/;;, 
 
 (9,000-3,700) May 12, 1 7 So 
 5^ Bat. of Waxhaw, N. C., ThKi^KTO^-Buford, 
 
 (700-400) May 29, 17S0 
 6^ Bat. of Rocky Mount, S. C. , Sumter-TxjKii- 
 
 BULL, . . (600-500) July 30, 17S0 
 
 78 Bat. of Hanging Rock, S. C. , Sumter- 
 
 Brown, . . (600-500 Aug. 6, 1780 
 
 2'^ Gates Campaign. "Northern Laurels turned to 
 Southern Willows." 
 I* Bat. of Sanders' Creek, CoRNWALLis-G^^/^i", 
 
 (3,000-2,200) Aug. 16, 1780 
 2 8 Bat. of Fishing Creek, S. C., Tarleton- 
 
 Sumter, . . (350-700) Aug. 18, 1780 
 
 38 Bat. of King's Mountain, N. C, Campbell- 
 
 Ferguson, . (900-1,100) Oct., 7, 1780 
 3'^ Greene Campaign. 
 
 I* Bat. of Cowpens, S. C, Mv^t^/z-Tarleton, 
 
 (900-1, 100) Jan. 17, 1781 
 28 Bat. of Guilford C. H. , Greensboro), N. C, 
 
 CORNWALLIS-Cr^^«^, 
 
 (2,400-4,400) March 15, 1781 
 38 Bat. of Hobkirk's Hill, S. C, Rawdon- 
 
 Greeiic, . . (1,200-900) April 25, 1781 
 
 48 Bat. of Eutaw Springs, S. C, Greene- 
 
 vStuart, . . (2,000-2,800) Sept. 8, 1781 
 2^ Northern Army. 
 
 i' Knyphausen leaves New York and burns 
 
 Connecticut Farms, N. J., June 7, 1780 
 
 2' Bat. of Springfield, N. J., 6^;w/z^-Kny- 
 
 PHAUSEN, . (3,000-5,000) June 23, 1780 
 
 3'^ Arnold's Treason, . . . Sept. 23, 1780 
 4'^ Andre's Execution, . . Oct. 2, 1780 
 
 (31) 
 
5' Mutiny of Pa. and N. J. Troops at Morris- 
 town {Washington's Win. Quar.), Jan., 1781 
 6'' Robert Morris maintains the Army, . 1781 
 
 3^ The Last Catnjiair/n of the War. 
 
 i'' CoRNWALLis at Petersburg, Va., May 20, 1781 
 2'' Ft. Fleet arrives at Chesap'e Bay, Aug. 31, 1781 
 3^ Brit. Sur. at Yorktown, Washingion-Co'Rti- 
 
 WALLis, . ('16,000-7,500) Oct. 19, 1 781 
 4'' Continentals in Winter Quarters at High- 
 land; British at New York, . Dec, 1781 
 
 No. 26.-3' ROBERT MORRIS PERIOD, 1780-1781. 2' THE 
 CONGRESS. {Vide No. 18.) 
 
 2^ THE CONGRESS, (New Tenor to Bank of 
 
 North America.) . . . 1780-1781 
 
 1^ Place of jllfee^iii^^— Philadelphia. 
 2^ Presidents. 
 
 1 7 Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut, 
 
 Sept. 28, 1779-July 10, 1 781 
 2'^ Thomas McKean, of Delaware, 
 
 July 10, 1781-N0V. 5, 1781 
 3'' John Hanson, of Maryland, 
 
 Nov. 5, 1781-N0V. 4, 1782 
 3^ Proceedings, 
 
 1 7 The New Tenor, .... Feb., 1780 
 2'' Morris forms Bank which provides for Sol- 
 diers, May, 1780 
 
 37 Continental Money to pass at its Marke-t 
 
 Value, Sept., 1780 
 
 4' Robert Morris, Superintendent of Finance, 
 
 Feb. 20, 1 78 1 
 57 Close of Continental Congress, March i, 1781 
 67 Beginning of Government of Confederation, 
 
 March 2, 1781 
 77 Thousand Dollars of Paper equal to One 
 
 of Specie, .... March, 1781 
 87 Morris' Bank of North America authorized, 
 
 May 26, 1781 
 97 Laurens arrives with Money from France, 
 
 Aug. 25, 1781 
 (32) 
 
3^ ROBERT MORRIS PERIOD. 2' CONGRESS-(Continued.) 
 
 lo'^ Paper Money worthless and out of Circu- 
 lation, .... Oct. -Nov., 1 78 1 
 11'^ Congress gives Thanks, . Oct. 24, 1781 
 
 12'^ Bank of North America incorporated, 
 
 Dec. 31, 1781 
 
 No. 27.-3' MORRIS PERIOD, 1780-1781. 3' THE COLONIES. 
 
 35 THE COLONIES. (Murder of Mrs. Cald- 
 well to Thanksgiving.) . . . 17S0-1781 
 i^ The wonderful Dark Day, . . May 19, 1780 
 2'' Knyphausen murders Mrs. Caldwell at Con- 
 necticut Farms, N. J., . . June 5, 1780 
 3^ Arnold ravages Virginia, . . . Jan., 1781 
 4^' Maryland ratifies Articles of Confederation, 
 
 March i, 1781 
 5^ Tarleton almost captures y^^^'/jw; at Charlottes- 
 ville, Va., .... June 4, 1781 
 6^ Execution of Col. Hayne ^X. Charleston, S. C, 
 
 Aug. 4, 1781 
 7^ Arnold burns and butchers at New London, 
 
 Conn., Sept., 1781 
 
 8^ Vermont negotiates with British, . . Oct., 1781 
 96 Thanksgiving, .... Oct. 24, 1781 
 
 (33) 
 
No. 28.-r SEPARATION. 3' RECOGNIZED. V THE CON- 
 FLICT. (Vide No. 3.) 
 
 1* THE CONFLICT. (Surrender of Cornwallis 
 
 to Washington's Resignation.) . . 1781-1783 
 
 1 5 P/V/^Y/zi- ravages the Cherokee Country, . Jan., 1782 
 
 2 5 Treaties with Cherokees and Creeks by Georgia, 
 
 Oct., 1782 
 3^ Washington refuses a Crown, . . May 22, 1782 
 4^ Washington dissuades his Officers from threaten- 
 ing Congress (Newburg Address), March 15,1 783 
 55 Cessation of Hostilities, . . April 19, 1783 
 6^ Pennsylvania Soldiers threaten Congress, June, 1783 
 7^ British evacuate Savannah, . . July 11, 1783 
 85 American Officers form "Order of the Cin- 
 cinnati," Aug., 1783 
 
 95 Army disbanded, .... Nov. 3, 1783 
 iqS British evacuate New York, . . Nov. 25, 1783 
 ii5 frd!j/«>z^<7«'j Farewell to his Officers, Dec. 4, 1783 
 12^ British evacuate Charleston, . . Dec. 14, 17 S3 
 13" Washington resigns, . . . Dec. 25, 1783 
 
 (84) 
 
Ho. 29 -V SEPARATION. S' RECOGNIZED. 2* THE CON- 
 GRESS, me No 3.) 
 
 2^ THE COJ^GRESS. (Surrender of Corn- 
 
 wALLis- Washington resigns. ) . . 1781-1783 
 
 1^ Places of Meeting. 
 
 1 6 Philadelphia, . . July 2, 1 778-1 783 
 
 2^ Princeton, N. J., . June 30, 1783-Nov., 1783 
 36 Annapolis, Md., . Nov. 5, 1783-Nov. 3, 1784 
 
 25 Presidents. 
 
 i^ John Hanson, of Md. , Nov. 5, 1781-Nov. 4, 1782 
 2^ Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey, 
 
 Nov. 4, 1782-Nov. 3, 1783 
 3^ Thomas Mififin, of Pa., Nov. 3, 1 783-Nov. 30,1784 
 
 35 Proceedings, 
 
 1^ Calls upon States for Revenue, April 26, 
 
 1783 
 
 2 6 Sends Jefferson to Europe, . . May, 
 
 1783 
 
 3^ Treaties. 
 
 
 i'^ France, .... Jan. 30, 
 
 1778 
 
 2'^ Holland, . . . April 19, 
 
 1782 
 
 3'' England (2d Treaty of Paris). 
 
 
 1 8 Preliminary, . . Sept. 3, 
 
 1783 
 
 2® Definitive, . . . Nov. 30, 
 
 1783 
 
 1 9 For United States. 
 
 i^" Independence. 
 
 2^° Territory North to Lakes; West to 
 Mississippi. 
 
 3^° Freedom of Newfoundl'd Fisheries. 
 
 4^'' Freedom of Mississippi. 
 
 5^® Pay for Deported Slaves. 
 2^ For Great Britain. 
 
 i^" Retain Canada. 
 
 2 ^ ° Sole Control of St. Lawrence. 
 3^ For Spain. 
 
 1^0 All West of Mississippi. 
 
 2I" Florida. 
 
 4'' Sweden, 
 
 5'^ Denmark, 
 
 6'^ Spain, 
 
 7'^ Russia, . 
 
 8'^ Prussia, . 
 
 (35) 
 
 Feb. 5, 1783 
 
 Feb. 25, 1783 
 
 March 24, 1783 
 
 • July, 1783 
 
 . 178.S 
 
No. 30 -V SEPARATION. 3' RECOGNIZED. 3* THE COL- 
 ONIES. {Vide No. 3.) 
 
 54 THE COLOXIBS, (Surrender of Corn- 
 
 WALLis to Washington' s Resignation). 1781-1733 
 
 1 5 Washington' s Farewell Letters to the States, 
 
 June 18, 1783 
 2^ Troops furnished (Annual Terms of Service): 
 
 i^ New Hampshire, 12,497 
 
 2^ Massachusetts, 67,907 
 
 3^ Rhode Island, 5,908 
 
 4" Connecticut, 3I7939 
 
 56 New York, 17,781 
 
 6*^ New Jersey, 10,726 
 
 7^ Pennsylvania, 25,678 
 
 8^ Delaware, 2,386 
 
 9^ Maryland, 13,912 
 
 10® Virginia, 26,678 ^ 
 
 11" North Carolina, 7,263 
 12^ South Carolina, 6,417 
 13® Georgia, 2,679 
 
 (36) 
 
No. 31.-2' ORGANIZATION. {Vide No. 3.) 
 1^ DBMOBALIZATION. (Second Treaty 
 
 of Paris-Shay's Rebellion.) . . 1783-1785 
 
 1^ Agitation for Repudiation. 
 2* Impotence of Congress. 
 *?3 eOJ\^F2CT10JV— Shay's Rebellion, . .1786 
 I* Extortions of Lawyers. 
 2^ Officers aristrocratic. 
 3'* Not enough Inflation of Currency, 
 
 53 CONVERSION, 1787 
 
 i^ Ordinance of '87 for Government of Terri- 
 tories, July 13, 1787 
 
 2* Federal Constitution. 
 
 1 ^ Annapolis Convention recommends a Con- 
 
 stitutional Convention, . . Sept., 1786 
 
 2 5 Philadelphia Convention adopts Federal 
 
 Constitution, . May 25-Sept. 17, 1787 
 
 3 5 Constitution ratified, . . Sept., 1788 
 
 3 4 First Federal Election, . . . Sept. 13, 1788 
 
 (37} 
 
No. 32 -FEDERALIZATION. {Vide No. 3.) 
 1^ FBBBRALISTS. (Washington to Jef- 
 ferson.) 1789-1801 
 
 I* Washington (Federalist), . . . 1 789-1 797 
 2* Adams, John (Federalist), . . . 1797-1801 
 
 2z ANTI-FJEDEKALISTS-Bepubli- 
 cans—Ueinocrats, (Jefferson to 
 
 Monroe.) 1801-1817 
 
 I'* Jefferson (Anti-Federalist), . . . 1 801-1809 
 2 4 Madison (Anti-Federalist), . . . 1809-18 17 
 
 33 NATIONAL REPUBLICANS. (Mon- 
 roe to Jackson.) .... 1817-1829 
 I* Monroe (Anti-Federalist), . . . 1817-1825 
 
 2* Adams, J. Q. (National Republican), . 1825-1829 
 
 (88) 
 
No. 83 -V FEDERALISTS. /* WASHINGTON'S ADMINIS- 
 TRATION. {Vide No. 3.) 
 
 1^ WASHINGTON {YtdtxBMsi), . . 1789-1797 
 I ^ State, Treasury and War Departments and Fed- 
 eral Judiciary organized, .... 1789 
 2^ Firsi Tariff Act (High Tariff), . July 4, 1789 
 
 3^ First Ten Amendments, . . . 1789-1791 
 4^ Hamilton's Report on Public Debt, Jan. 9, 1790 
 
 5^ National Capitol Bargain, . . . Aug., 1790 
 6 ^ National Bank established at Philadelphia, 
 
 March 4, 1791 
 7^ First Fugitivt. Slave Bill, . . Feb. 12, 1793 
 8 5 Whitney's Cotton Gin, .... 
 9^ Citizen Genet, Minister from France, April 9, 1793 
 10 5 Proclamation of Neutrality between England 
 
 and France, .... April 22, 1793 
 11^ Indians on the Maumee defeated by Wayne, 
 
 Aug. 20, 1794 
 12^ Whisky Insurrection in Pennsylvania, Aug. 20, 1794 
 13 s XI. Amendment (Repudiation), . . .1794 
 145 Jay's Treaty with England Ratified, June 20, 1795 
 15^ Washington's Farewell Address, . Sept. 17, 1796 
 
 (39) 
 
No. 34 -V FEDERALISTS. V ADAMS' ADMINISTRATION. 
 {Vide No. 3.) 
 
 2^ JOHN ADjUIS (Federalist), . 1797-1801 
 
 i^ X. Y. Z. Mission, .... July, 1797 
 
 2 5 Quasi French War, . May, 1798-Sept. 30, 1800 
 3^ Alien (June 25) and Sedition (July 14) Laws, 1798 
 4^ Kentucky (Nullification) Resolutions of '98 
 
 and '99, . . Nov. 10, 1798; Nov. 14, 1799 
 
 5 5 Virginia (Nullification) Resolutions of '98, 
 
 Dec. 24, 1798 
 6^ Constitution (American Frigate, Captain Tru.x- 
 ton) captures L'Insurgente (French Frigate), 
 
 Feb. 9, 1799 
 7^ Death of Washington, . . . Dec. 14, 1799 
 
 8^ Congress first meets at Washington, Nov. 17, 1800 
 95 Navy Department established, . . Nov., 1800 
 io5 Treaty with France, . . . Sept. 20, 1800 
 
 Ii5 First Presidential Election by House of Repre- 
 sentatives (Jefferson), . . Feb. 17, 1801 
 
 (40) 
 
No. 35.-2' REPUBLICANS, OR ANTI-DEMOCRATS, OR DEMO- 
 CRATS. JEFFERSON'S ADMINISTRATION. {l/ideNo.3.) 
 
 1^ J:EFFEIIS0N (Republican), . 1801-1809 
 
 i^ First Written Presidential Message, Dec. 7, 1801 
 
 2^ Tripolitan War, . June 10, 1801-June 3, 1805 
 
 3 5 Louisiana Territory purchased of France, 
 
 April 30, 1803 
 
 4^ Lewis & Clarke's Exploring Expedition begins 
 
 its march, . . . . May 14, 1804 
 
 55 Burr murders Hamilton, . . July 11, 1804 
 6 5 XIL Amendment to Constitution (Presidential 
 
 Election), .... Sept. 28, 1804 
 7 5 First Inter. Imp. (National Road from Maryland 
 
 to Ohio,) .... March 24, 1806 
 
 8^ Burr arrested for Treason, . . Feb. 19, 1807 
 95 Foreign Slave Trade abolished, and Coastwise 
 
 Slave Trade provided for, . Feb. 27, 1807 
 
 lo^ Jefferson suppresses Monroe-Pinkney Treaty 
 
 (1806) with England, . . March 2, 1807 
 ii5 Chesapeake Outrage, . . . June 23, 1807 
 12^ Fulton's First Steamboat, . . Sept. 4, 1867 
 135 Embargo Act, .... Dec. 22, 1807 
 145 Non-Intercourse Law, . . . March i, 1809 
 
 (41) 
 
No. 36,-2' REPUBLICANS. MADISON'S ADMINISTRATION. 
 {V.de No. 3.) 
 
 2^ 3r^ DJ<S'OJ\^ (Republican or Democrat), 1809-1817 
 1 5 Battle of Tippecanoe, . . . March 9, 181 2 
 2^ West Point Military Academy put on its Present 
 
 Basis, April, 181 2 
 
 3^ Declaration of War with England* (1812-1815), 
 
 June 19, 1812 
 
 45 English Orders in Council repealed, June 23, 1812 
 5 5 "Impressment" Sole Ground of War, Nov. 4, 18 12 
 6^ English burn Washington City, Aug. 24-25, 1814 
 7 5 Hartford Convention, . . . Dec. 15, 18 14 
 8^ War with England closed by Treaty of Ghent, 
 
 Feb. II, 1815 
 
 9^ Algerine War, . . March 2-June 30, 181 5 
 
 lo^ National Bank incorporated, . April 10, 1816 
 
 11^ First Ocean Steamer crossed Atlantic, . . i8i8 
 
 '•■ For Incidents of War vide Nos. 37 and 38. 
 
 (42) 
 
No. 37.-3' SECOND ENGLISH WAR, 1812-1814. (Vide No. 3d. ) 
 
 1^ LAND BATTLES."^ 
 
 i^ Brownstown, Mich., Tecumsek- Van Iforn, 
 
 (600-200) Aug. 5 
 2'^ Maguaga, Mich., Milkr-TECUMSEH, 
 
 (600-900) Aug. 9 
 3'' Queenstown, Can., Brock- ^« Rensselaer, 
 
 (2,500—1,200) Oct. 13 
 4'^ French town, Mich., V^OCTO^-Winchester, 
 
 (1,500-800) Jan. 22 
 5'^ York (Toronto), Can., -P/X'(?-Sheaffe, 
 
 (1,700-1,500) April 27 
 6'^ Fort Meigs (on Maumee), O. , C/^j-Proctor, 
 
 (1,200-2,000) May 5 
 7'^ Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. , Brown-^KEVO^'V, 
 
 (1,000— I, oooj May 29 
 8'^ Fort Stephenson (Sandusky R.), O., Croghan- 
 Proctor, . . (150-1,300) Aug. 2 
 9^ Thames, Can., Harrison-VKOCTOY^., 
 
 (2,500-2,000) Oct. 5 
 10'^ Chrysler's Field, Can., Morrison-^^'^, 
 
 (2,000-1,200) Nov. II 
 11^ La Colle (Sorel R.), Can., Hancock- iViIkinson, 
 
 (2,000-4,000) March 30, 
 12'^ Chippewa (Niagara R.), Bro7i:>n-RiALh, 
 
 (1,900-2,100) July 5 
 13'^ Lundy'sLane (Niagara R.), Brown-DRVUMOND 
 
 (3>5oo-5'Ooo) July 25 
 14'^ Fort Erie, Can., Gaines-DRVumoND, 
 
 (2,500-5.000) Aug. 15 
 15'^ Bladensburg, Md., Ross- Winder, 
 
 (5.000-3,500) Aug. 24; 
 16'^ Plattsburg (Lake Champlain), N. Y., Macomb- 
 
 Prevost, . (3,000-14,000) Sept. II 
 
 177 North Point, Md., BROOKE-^/r/^<?r, 
 
 (5,000—2,000) Sept. 12 
 18'^ Fort McHenry (Baltimore;, Md., Armstead- 
 CocHRANE, . (1,000-16 ships) Sept. 13 
 19'^ Fort Bowyer (Gulf of M.), Ala., La^vrence- 
 
 NiCHOLLS, . . (120- ) Sept. 15 
 20'^ Fort Erie, Can., ^ri^w/z-DRUMMOND, 
 
 (2,500-3,500) Sept. 17 
 21'^ New Orleans, yi7<:/^i'(?7/-PACKENHAM, 
 (6,000-12,000) Jan. 8 
 
 *Taken from Anderson's Grammar School History. 
 
 (43) 
 
No. 38.-3' SECOND ENGLISH WAR, 1812-1814. (Vide No. 35.) 
 
 2^ NAVAL BATTLES.^ 
 
 1 7 Off Newfoundland, /I'r/'^r-LAUGHARNE, 
 
 Frig. Essex-Sloop Alert, Aug. 13, 
 2"^ Off Massachusetts, J/hII-Dacrks, 
 
 Frig. Constitution-Frig. Guerriere, Aug. 19, 
 3'' Off North Carolina, y<?//fj--WHiNVATES, 
 
 Sloop Wasp-Brig Frolic, Oct. 18, 
 4'^ Near Canary Islands, Dtra/ur-C ARDEti, 
 
 Frig. United States-Brig Macedonian, Oct. 25, 
 5 7 Off San Salvador, Bai'/i/'ridi^e-hAMUERT, 
 
 Frig. Constitution-Brig Java, Dec. 29, 
 C Off Demara, Laicfrnce-VKAViE, 
 
 Sloop Hornet-Brig Peacock, Feb. 24, 
 7'' Massachusetts Bay, }iROK.E- Lawreme, 
 
 Frig. Shannon-Frig. Chesapeake, June i, 
 8^ British Channel, Maples-^/A-^, 
 
 Sloop Pelican-Brig Argus, Aug. 14, 
 9^^ Off Coast of Maine, Burro7c>s-^\.\VHV., 
 
 Brig Enterprise-Brig Boxer, Sept. 5, 
 lo^ Lake Erie, Ft'rry-BAKCLA\, 
 
 9 vessels, 54guns-6 vessels, 6^ guns, Sept. 10, 
 
 11^ Harbor of Valparaiso, Hillyar and 1'ucker- 
 
 Forter, Brig Phcebe and Sloop Cherub-Frig. 
 
 Essex, ..... March 28, 
 
 m"^ Off Coa.st of Florida, lVarrifigioti-\\^ Ahv.s, 
 
 Sloop Peacock-Brig Sepervier, April 29, 
 137 Near British Channel, ^Mt/v-Manners, 
 
 Sloop Wasp-Sloop Reindeer, June 28, 
 147 Near Africa, Blakely-KKBViHtiOT, 
 
 Sloop Wasp-Sloop Avon, Sept. i, 
 157 Lake Champlain, McDonoug/i-Do\\N\E, 14 ves- 
 sels, 86 guns-17 vessels, 95 guns, Sept. 11, 
 16'' Lake Borgne (La.), hocKVER-yones, 
 
 40 barges-5 gunboats, Dec. 14, 
 ij"^ Off New Jersey, HAVES-Detra/ur, 
 
 Squadron- Frig. President, Jan. 15, 
 
 18'' Off Madeira Is. , ..%7f'^r/'-FALCON and Douglass, 
 
 Frig. Constitution-Ships Cyane and Levant, 
 
 Feb. 20, 
 19' Off Brazil, /?/^^/<'-Dickinson, 
 
 Sloop Hornet-Brig Penguin, March 23, 
 
 ~'Takcn from Anderson's Grammar School History. 
 
 (44) 
 
 812 
 812 
 812 
 812 
 812 
 813 
 813 
 813 
 813 
 813 
 
 814 
 814 
 814 
 814 
 814 
 814 
 814 
 
 814 
 814 
 
No. 39.-8' HA TIONAL REPUBLICANS. P MONROE'S ADMIN- 
 ISTRATION. {Viae No. 3.) 
 
 1^ MONROE'S AD3IlNISTRATION,lZll-lZ2^ 
 
 1 2 Renewal of Tariff of i8i6, . . . . 1817 
 2^ Colonization Society (Pro-Slavery), . . 181 7 
 3 5 The Stars and Stripes on the United States Flag 
 
 legalized, 181 7 
 
 4^ First Claim that Congress should support Slavery, 181 7 
 5 5 Nucleus of New (Whig or National Republican) 
 
 Party — Clay, Leader, . . . .1818 
 6^ Andrew Jackson in Florida (Seminole War), 1818 
 7^ Florida purchased, , . . Feb. 22, 181 9 
 8 5 Financial Depression, . . . . .1818 
 9^ Missouri Compromise, . . . March 2, 1820 
 lo^ Era of Good Feeling — Dissolution of Federal 
 
 Party, 1821-1825 
 
 11^ Monroe Doctrine (President's Message), Dec. 22,1823 
 
 125 '< Tariff of 1824," 1824 
 
 13^ Benjamin Lundy at Baltimore, . . . 1824 
 14^ Visit of Lafayette, . . . Aug. 15, 1824 
 
 155 Election of John Quincy Adams by House of 
 
 Representatives, .... Feb., 1825 
 
 (45) 
 
No. 40.-3' NATIONAL REPUBLICANS. 2* JOHN QUINCY 
 ADAMS' ADMINISTRATION. {Vide No. 3.) 
 
 2* JOHN Q VINCY ADAMS' ADMIK- 
 
 ISTJiATION (Nat. Republican), 1825-1829 
 
 1 5 Supposed Clay Bargain, , . March 4, 1825 
 
 2^ Georgia defies the Government, . . April, 1825 
 
 3 5 National Republican Party formed, . . 1825 
 
 4^ Removal and Civilization of Indians begun, . 1825 
 
 5 5 The Present Name of the Present Democratic 
 
 Party adopted, . . . . .1826 
 
 6^ Miner, of Pennsylvania, starts Reformation in 
 the House, .... 
 
 7^ Death of Adams and Jefferson, 
 
 8^ England pays for Deported Slaves, 
 
 9^ Anti-Masonic Party, 
 
 iqS Tariff of 1828, .... 
 
 1 1 5 Imprisonment for Debt abolished, 
 
 12^ Garrison and Lundy join Hands, . 
 
 13^ Constitutionality and Expediency of Protection 
 and Internal Improvements sanctioned by 
 both Houses (Democrats in Majority), . 1829 
 
 14^ Lundy announces the Plot to purchase Texas, 1829 
 
 (46) 
 
 Jan., 1826 
 
 July 
 
 4, 1826 
 
 
 1827 
 
 
 1827 
 
 
 1828 
 
 
 1828 
 
 
 1828 
 
No. 41. -r AGITATION. {Vide No. 4.) 
 
 1^ DBMOCBATS, (Jackson to Harrison.) 1829-1841 
 
 I* Jackson (Democrat), .... 1829-1837 
 
 2^ Van Buren (Democrat), . . . 183 7-1 841 
 
 2^ WHIGS. (Harrison to Taylor.) . . 1841-1849 
 
 I* Harrison (Whig) and Tyler (Democrat), 1841-1845 
 
 2* Polk (Democrat), .... 1845-1849 
 
 58 FRBB SOILERS. .... 1849-1861 
 
 I* Taylor and Fillmore (Whigs), . . 1849-1853 
 
 2* Pierce (Democrat), .... 1853-1857 
 
 3* Buchanan (Democrat), . . . 1857-1861 
 
 (47) 
 
No. 42 -V DEMOCRATS. V JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION. 
 1* JACKSOJ^ (Democrat), . . 1829-1837 
 
 1 5 "Rotation in Office" inaugurated in the Civil 
 
 Service, 1829 
 
 2 5 Garrison imprisoned in Baltimore, . . 1830 
 
 35 "The Great Debate" in the Senate (Webster 
 
 and Hayne), Feb., 1830 
 
 45 Garrison issues, in Boston, First Number of ' ' T/ie 
 
 Liberator" Jan., 1831 
 
 5 5 First National Presidential Conventions (Anti- 
 Masonic, Sept. 1 831; National Republican, 
 Dec. 1831; Democratic, March, 1832), 1831-1832 
 
 6^ Bill to renew National Bank Charter vetoed, . 1832 
 
 75 Tariff of 1832, 1S32 
 
 8^ "Nullification" Rebellion of South Carolina, 1S32 
 
 q"' Clay's Worst Compromise (Tariff of 'ii)y . 1833 
 
 iqS Removal of Deposits from National Bank to State 
 
 (Pet) Banks, . . . . . Oct., 1833 
 
 ii^ Organization of American Anti-Slavery Society 
 
 at Philadelphia (Abolitionists), Dec. 5, 1833 
 
 12-^ National Republican Party merges into Whig 
 
 Party, 1 834-1 835 
 
 135 Pinckney's "Gag Resolution," preventing Debate 
 on Slavery Petitions, adopted in House, 
 
 May 26, 1836 
 
 145 Calhoun's State Rights Resolution, suppressing 
 
 "Incendiary Publications," lost in Senate, 1836 
 
 155 War for Support of Slavery (Second Seminole 
 
 War), 1 834-1 842 
 
 1 65 Distribution of Surplus Revenues, Jan. i, 1837 
 
 (48) 
 
No. 43 -V DEMOCRATS. 2^ VAN BUREN'S ADMINISTRA- 
 TION. Wide No. 41.) 
 
 2"^ VAN BUBEN {T>tmocxs.t), . . 1837-1841 
 
 1 5 Financial Panic, '37, 1837 
 
 2 5 Osceola, Seminole Chief, captured under a Flag 
 
 of Truce, .... Oct. 21, 1837 
 3 5 Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy murdered by a Mob 
 
 instigated by John Hogan, at Alton, 111. ; 
 
 First Martyr to Freedom, . Nov. 7, 1837 
 
 45 Removal of Cherokees, " . . . .1838 
 55 First Secession on Account of Slavery, . . 1838 
 6^ "Atherton Gag" Resolution, prohibiting Debate 
 
 on Slavery Petitions, . . . Dec, 1838 
 75 First Attempt to annex Texas, . . .1838 
 8 5 National Liberty (Abolition) Party founded at 
 
 Albany, April i, 1840 
 
 95 Sub-Treasury Bill passed, .... 1840 
 10^ Culmination of Slave Power, . ^ . 1840, 
 
 (49) 
 
No. 44 -2' WHIGS. V HARRISON ANDTYLER. {Vide No. 41.) 
 
 16 KABRISONAND TYLER (Dem), 1841-1845 
 I* Harrison (Whig) served one Month, 
 
 March 4- April 4, 1841 
 
 28 Sub-Treasury Bill repealed, . . Aug. 17, 1841 
 36 National Bank Bill vetoed, . . Aug. 19, 1841 
 4^ President vetoes his own Bill, . Sept. 9, 1841 
 5« Whigs publicly declare President not a Whig, 
 
 Sept. 13, 1841 
 
 6^ House fails to censure J. Q. Adams for intro- 
 ducing a Petition for Disunion, Jan. i, 1842 
 
 7 ^ House censures Joshua R. Giddings for opposing 
 
 Slavery, March 22, 1842 
 
 8® Giddings re-elected; returns to the House, 
 
 May 30, 1842 
 
 96 Tariff of '42, .... Aug. 9, 1842 
 io« Treaty with England; Northeast Boundary set- 
 tled, Aug. 20, 1842 
 
 ii^ Anti-Slavery Whigs warn People of Scheme to 
 
 annex Texas, .... Dec. 5, 1842 
 i2« Bill to test Electro-Magnetic Telegraph, . 1843 
 
 13'' Annexation of Texas a Party Issue, . . 1844 
 146 First Telegram from Baltimore to Washington 
 
 announcing Nomination of Polk, . . 1844 
 156 Abolitionists (Liberty Party) cause Defeat of 
 
 Whigs, ^844 
 
 16^ Adams secures the Rescindment of Gag Rule 
 
 of 1837, 1845 
 
 176 Last Threat of Violence by Slaveholders upon 
 
 Northern Members — Giddings, . Feb., 1845 
 
 18* Annexation of Texas (many Northern Demo- 
 crats leave Party), . . . March i, 1845 
 (50) 
 
No. 45.-2' WHIGS. 2' POLK'S ADMINISTRATION. 
 mdeNo.4l.) 
 
 2^ POLK'S ADMINISTRATION (Dem 
 
 ocrat), 1845-1849 
 
 1 5 Mexican War (vide No. 46), 
 
 April 24, 1846-July 4, 1848 
 
 i^ Taylor's Campaign in Northern Mexico, 
 
 April 26, 1846-Feb. 23, 1847 
 
 2^ Fremont's Conquest of California, 
 
 March, 1846- Jan., 1847 
 
 3^ Kearney's Conquest of New Mexico, 
 
 June 26, 1846-Aug. 18, 1846 
 
 4' Doniphan's Expedition in Southern New- 
 Mexico, . Nov. 2, 1846-June 15, 1847 
 
 S^ Scott in Central Mexico, 
 
 March 9, 1847-Sept. 14, 1848 
 
 6^ Treaty of Peace with Mexico, Feb. 2, 1848 
 
 7^ War officially closed, . . July 4, 1848 
 
 2^ Treaty with England (Oregon Boundary set- 
 tled), June 15, 1846 
 
 35 Naval Academy established by Bancroft (Sec- 
 retary of Navy) the Historian, . . 1846 
 
 4^ Smithsonian Institution established, Aug. 10, 1846 
 
 5^ Independent Treasury established, Aug. 6, 1846 
 
 6 5 Gold discovered in California, . Feb. 9, 1848 
 
 7 5 Free-Soil Party organized; Van Buren nomin- 
 ated by Samuel J. Tilden, . Aug. 9, 1848 
 
 8^ Department of Interior established, March 3, 1849 
 
 9^ Slavery prohibited in Territories; the Beginning 
 
 of the End of the Slave Power, March 4, 1849 
 (51) 
 
No. 46. -V BATTLES OF THE MEXICAN WAR. Vide No. 45. 
 1' 3IEX1CAN WAB. 
 
 1 6 Taylor's Campaign, April 26, 1846-Feb. 23, 1847 
 
 i*^ Near Point Isabel, Kkistx- Thornton, 
 
 ( 63) April 24, 1846 
 
 2'^ Between Point Isabel and Matamoras, 
 
 Walket-KiasTX, (40-1,500) April 28, 1846 
 
 3'' Palo Alto, 7Iz)/<?r- Arista, 
 
 (2,300-6,000) May 8, 1846 
 4'' Resaca de la Palma, Wo/ih-AKisiA, 
 
 (2,200-5,000) Sept. 21, 1846 
 S'' Monterey, Taylor- Au-pvm\, 
 
 (6,000-10,000) Sept. 24, 1846 
 6^ Buena Vista, 57zy/<?r-SANTA Anna, 
 
 (4,700-17,000) Feb. 23, 1847 
 2' Fremont's Conquest of California, 
 
 March, 1846-Jan., 1847 
 
 3^ Kearney's Conquest of New Mexico, 
 
 June 26, 1846-Aug. 18, 1846 
 
 4* Doniphan's Expedition in Southern New Mex- 
 ico, . . Nov. 21, 1846-June 15, 1847 
 
 5* Scott's Campaign in Central Mexico, 
 
 March 9, 1847-Sept. 14, 1848 
 
 I ' Vera Cruz, Scott-M.OK.\i.^s, 
 
 (12,000-6,000) Feb. 28, 1847 
 2"^ Cerro Gordo, .St^/Z-Santa Anna, 
 
 (8,500-12,000) April 18, 1847 
 3'' Contreras, A-^/Z-Valencia, 
 
 ('4,000-7,000) Aug. 20, 1847 
 4'^ Cherubusco, Scott-?>ktiTx Anna, 
 
 (8,000-25,000) Aug. 20, 1847 
 5'^ Molino del Rey, IVorih-Ai.wv.'e.z, 
 
 (3.500-14,000) Sept. 8, 1847 
 6'' Chapultepec, Scott-Y^KWO, 
 
 (7,200-25,000) Sept. 13, 1847 
 7^^ Huamanhla, Zane-SA^TA Anna, 
 
 (500-1,000) Oct. 19, 1847 
 (52) 
 
No. 47-3' FREESOILERS. V TAYLOR AND FILLMORE'S AD- 
 MINISTRATION. {Vide No. 41.) 
 
 1* TAYLOR AND FILLMORE'S AD- 
 MINISTRATION (Whigs), . 1849-1853 
 
 1 ^ Squatter Sovereignty, . . . . , 1 849 
 
 2 5 Death of Calhoun, . . . March 31, 1849 
 35 Clay's Omnibus Bill, . . . May 8, 1850 
 4^ Nashville Secession Convention, . June 2, 1850 
 5 5 Death of President Taylor, . . July 9, 1850 
 6^ Fugitive Slave Bill, . . . Sept. 10, 1850 
 7^ Slave Trade abolished in District of Columbia, 
 
 Sept. 18, 1850 
 8 5 ' 'Uncle Tom's Cabin" published in National Era, 
 
 at Washington, . . . . .1850 
 9 5 Kane's Arctic Expedition, . . . May, 1850 
 lo^ Charles Sumner elected to the United States 
 
 Senate, April, 1851 
 
 11^ Death of Clay, .... June 28, 1852 
 12 s Death of Webster, . . . Oct. 24, 1852 
 
 (53) 
 
No. 48 -3' FREE SOI LERS. 2' PIERCE'S ADMINISTRATION. 
 Wide No. 41.) 
 
 2^ PIEBCIPS ADMINISTRATION {T>tm- 
 
 ocrat), 1853-1857 
 
 1 5 Know-Nothing or American Party, . 1853-1856 
 2* Gadsen Purchase, . . . . .1853 
 
 3^ Second Kane Expedition, May 3, 1853-Oct. 11, 1855 
 4^ Walker's Filibustering Expeditions, . 1853-1858 
 
 5 5 Kansas-Nebraska Bill (Squatter Sovereignty), 
 
 May 30, 1854 
 65 "Bleeding Kansas," .... 1854-1861 
 7 5 Disruption of American Party, . June 13, 1856 
 8^ Sumner assaulted by Brooks, • May 22, 1856 
 
 95 Organization of Republican Party; Fremont 
 
 nominated .... July 17, 1856 
 
 (64) 
 
No. 49.-3' FREE SOILERS. 3' BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTRA- 
 TION. {Vide No. 41.) 
 
 S* BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTMA' 
 
 TION (Democrat), . . . 1857- 
 1 5 Dred Scott Decision, , . . March 5, 
 2 5 Treaty with Denmark (Abolition of Sound 
 
 Dues), March 14, 
 
 3 5 Financial Revulsion, . . Sept. and Oct., 
 4 5 United States at War with Brigham Young, 
 
 Sept. 18, 1857-April, 
 55 Right of Search abandoned by English Parlia- 
 ment, May, 
 
 6 5 Treaty with Paraguay, . . . Feb. 10, 
 75 Execution of John Brown, . . Dec. 2, 
 85 National Presidential Conventions. 
 
 I ^ Republicans nominate Lincoln and Hamlin, 
 
 May 16, 
 
 2^ Constitutional Union (Know-Nothing), 
 Bell and Everett, . . May 19, 
 
 36 Northern Democrats, Douglas and John- 
 son, . . 
 
 4^ Southern Democrats, 
 Lane, 
 9 5 Lincoln elected, . 
 lo^ Secession begun. 
 
 i^ South Carolina, 
 
 2* Mississippi, 
 
 38 Florida, 
 
 4^ Alabama, 
 
 56 Georgia, 
 
 6^ Louisiana, 
 
 7' Texas, . 
 1 1 5 Crittenden Compromise, 
 
 June 18, 
 Breckinridge and 
 June 28, 
 . Nov., 
 
 Dec. 20, 
 Jan. 10, 
 Jan. 10, 
 Jan. II, 
 Jan. 18, 
 Jan. 26, 
 Feb. I, 
 . Jan., 
 
 125 Southern Confederacy organized at Montgom- 
 ery, Ala., .... Feb. 4, 
 135 Peace Convention at Washington, . Feb. 4, 
 145 Morrill Tariff Bill, Final Triumph of "Pro- 
 tection," Feb., 
 
 (55) 
 
 1861 
 1857 
 
 1857 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 1858 
 1859 
 1859 
 
 i860 
 
 i860 
 
 i860 
 
 i860 
 i860 
 
 i860 
 1861 
 1861 
 1861 
 1861 
 1861 
 1861 
 1861 
 
 1861 
 i86i 
 
 1861 
 
No. 50.-2' EMANCIPATION. Wide No. 4.) 
 1^ SECESSION. (Inauguration of Lincoln 
 
 to Fall of Fort Sumter.) . March 4-Jlll7 21, 1861 
 J* At Home. 
 2^ Abroad, 
 
 2^ COERCIOJS^— Civil War. (Fall of 
 
 Fort Sumter to Surrender of Lee.) . 1861-1865 
 
 1^ First Tear, i86i 
 
 I ^ The Conflict. 2 ^ The Congress. 3 ^ The 
 Country. 
 
 2^^ Second Year, 1862 
 
 1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3^ The 
 Country. 
 
 3* Third Tear, 1863 
 
 1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3" The 
 Country. 
 4* Fourth Tear, 1864 
 
 1 5 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3^ The 
 
 Country. 
 
 5* FiftJi Tear, 1865 
 
 1 6 The Conflict. 2^ The Congress. 3^ The 
 
 Country. 
 
 53 CONCLTISIOIf. (Surrender of Lee to 
 
 Johnson.) . April 9-April 15, 1865 
 
 (56) 
 
No. 51 -V SECESSION. {Vide No. 50.) 
 1^ AT HOME, 
 
 1 5 Inauguration of Lincoln, . . March 4, 1S61 
 2^ Confederate Peace Commissioners not recog- 
 nized, April 8, 1 86 1 
 
 3* Secession completed (see "Secession begun," 
 No. 50). 
 1 6 Virginia, .... April 17, 1861 
 
 2^ Arkansas, .... May 6, 1861 
 3^ Tennessee, .... May 7, 1861 
 
 46 North Carolina, . . . May 20, 1861 
 
 ^* ABM OAD — Southern Confederacy rec- 
 ognized as Belligerents by 
 
 1 5 England, May 13, 186 1 
 
 2^ France, June 10, 1861 
 
 3^ Spain, June 17, 1861 
 
 4^ Portugal, . . . . July 29, 1861 
 
 (57) 
 
No. 52.-2' COERCION. V FIRST YEAR OF CIVIL WAR. 
 r THE CONFLICT. {Vide No. 50.) 
 
 1^ FIRST YEAR, 1861 
 
 1^ The Conflict, 
 
 i^ In the East. 
 
 i'' Fall of Fort Sumter, April 12, 13, 1861 
 1* First Gun of War fired, 
 
 4 O'clock P.M., Friday, April 12, 1861 
 2* Surrender of Fort, . April 13, 1861 
 2"' McDowell in Eastern Virginia. 
 
 i' First Blood shed in Baltimore, 
 
 April 19, 1861 
 2* Arlington Heights occupied; Death 
 
 of Ellsworth, . April 24, 1861 
 
 38 Bull Run, . . July 21, 1861 
 
 48 Ball's Bluff, . . Oct. 21, 1861 
 
 58 Dranesville, . . Dec. 20, 1861 
 
 3' Butler at Fortress Monroe; Big 
 
 Bethel, . . . June 10, 1861 
 4'' McClellan in West Virginia. 
 
 I* Philippi, . . . June 3, 1861 
 
 2 8 Rich Mountain, . July 11, 1861 
 
 38 Carrick s Ford, . July 14, 1861 
 
 4* Carnifix Ferry, . Sept. lo, 1861 
 
 58 Cheat Mountain, . Sept. 14, 1861 
 2^ In the West — Missouri Campaign. 
 
 i'' Boonnilk, . . . June 17, 1861 
 2'^ Carthage, . • . . July 5, 1861 
 
 3'^ Lexington, . . . Sept. 20, 1861 
 4"^ Belmont, . . . Nov. 7, 1861 
 
 3' On Sea and Coast. 
 
 i'' Fort Hatteras, N. C, captured, Aug. 29, 1861 
 2'' Port Royal, S. C, taken, Nov. 7, 1861 
 
 ^^ "Trent Affair;" Seizure of Mason 
 
 and Slidell, . . Nov. 8, 1861 
 (58) 
 
No. 53 -P FIRST YEAR OF WAR. 2' THE CONGRESS. 3' THE 
 COUNTRY. Wide No. 50.) 
 
 2^ CONGRESS. 
 
 i' Call for 500,000 Volunteers authorized. 
 2' Tariffs, . . . Aug. 6 and Dec, 24, 1861 
 38 Army forbidden to surrender Fugitive Slaves. 
 4^ Homestead Law. 
 56 "Iron-Clad Oath." 
 S" TB^JE CO UNTR Y. 
 
 i' President calls for 75,000 Three-Months' Volun- 
 teers (First Call), . . . April 15, 1861 
 2 ^ The Union War Party. 
 
 3* Riot in Baltimore (First Blood shed), April 19, 1861 
 46 President calls for 82,748 Volunteers, . May, 1861 
 5^ President calls for 500,000 Volunteers. 
 6^ Confederate Government at Richmond, July 20, 1861 
 76 "Dark Monday." (Bull Run Disaster.) July2i, i86i 
 
 (69) 
 
No. 54.-2' SECOND YEAR (1862) OF WAR. P THE CONFLICT. 
 V IN THE WEST. (Vide No. 50.) 
 
 V JJT th:e west, 1862 
 
 1'' To open the Mississippi, 
 
 1 * Memphis and Nashville taken. 
 
 i^ Prestonburg, Ky., . . Jan. 9, 1862 
 
 2' Mill Springs, Ky., . . Jan. 19, 1862 
 3* Fort Henry, Tenn., captured, Feb. 6, 1862 
 4' Fort Donaldson, Tenn., taken, Feb. 16, 1862 
 5^ iV^5^w7/<? occupied, . Feb. 24, 1862 
 
 69 6'/«M (Pittsburg Landing), Tenn., 
 
 April 6, 7, 1862 
 7 9 Island No. 10 (in Mississippi) taken, 
 
 April 7, 1862 
 8^ Corinth, Miss., evacuated, May 30, 1862 
 9^ Memphis surrenders, . June 6, 1862 
 
 28 Bragg starts for Louisville, Ky., Aug. 27, 1862 
 1 8 ^W(f// falls back to Nashville, Sept. 3. 1862 
 2 9 B iiell axid Bragg race for Louisville, 
 
 Sept. 25 
 3 9 Gen. ^«^// at Louisville, Sept. 29 
 4® Bragg falls back, . . Sept. -Oct. 
 
 iio Perryville, Ky., 
 2^0 Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 
 5^ luka, Miss., . 
 
 6» Corinth, 
 
 3* First Attack on Vicksburg 
 (60) 
 
 Oct. 8 
 Dec. 31 
 Sept. 19 
 
 Oct. 4 
 Dec. 29 
 
 1862 
 1862 
 1862 
 1862 
 1862 
 1862 
 1862 
 1862 
 
No. 55-2' SECOND YEAR OF WAR {1862). V CONFLICT CON- 
 TINUED. Wide No. 54.) 
 
 2^ IK TSB EAST, 18^2 
 
 1^ Against Michmond, 
 
 1 ^ The Advance. 
 
 i^ Yorktown, Va. , taken, . . May 4, 1862 
 2^ Williamsburg, . . . May 5, 1862 
 3^ Norfolk, Va., surrendered, . May 10, 1862 
 4^ Fair Oaks, . May 30 and June i, 1862 
 
 2 8 Jackson's Division in Shenandoah Valley. 
 
 i^ Cross Keys, . . . June 8, 1862 
 2 3 Port Republic, . , . June 9, 1862 
 3* The Retreat. 
 
 i^ Seven Days' Battles, June 25 to July i, 1862 
 \'^^ Mechanicsville, . June 26, 1862 
 2'^^ Gaines' Mill, . . June 28, 1862 
 310 Savages' Station, . June 29, 1862 
 4^0 Frazier's Farm, . June 30, 1862 
 
 5^0 Malvern, . . . July i, 1862 
 ^' Washington in Danger, 
 
 1 8 Cedar Mountain, . . . Aug. 9, 1862 
 28 Second Bull Run, . . Aug. 29, 1862 
 
 38 Chantilly, .... Sept. i, 1862 
 5^ Tiee invades Maryland. 
 
 18 South Mountain, Md., . Sept. 14, 1862 
 
 28 Harper's Ferry surrendered, Sept. 15, 1S62 
 38 Antietam, . . . Sept. 17, 1862 
 
 48 Lee Retreats, . . . Sept. 19, 1862 
 
 5^ Fredericksburg, , . Dec. 13, 1862 
 
 (61) 
 
No. 56.-2* SECOND YEAR OF WAR (1862). V CONFLICT CON- 
 TINUED. {Vide No. 54.) 
 
 3' ON SEA AND COAST, 1862 
 
 1 7 Roanoke Island, N. C, taken, . . Feb. 8, 1862 
 2' Monitor and Merrimac in Hampton Roads, 
 
 March 9, 1862 
 3' Newburn, N. C, taken, . . March 14, 1862 
 4' Fort Pulaski, Ga., taken, . . April 11, 1862 
 
 5' /'(7rm^//and^«//(?rtake New Orleans, April 25, 1862 
 6' Beaufort, S. C, taken, . . April 25, 1862 
 
 (6J) 
 
No. 57.-2^ SECOND YEAR OF WAR (7862). 2' CONGRESS. 
 3' COUNTRY. 
 
 2^ COJSTGRBSS, 1861 
 
 i^ Legal Tender Act, .... Feb. 25, 1862 
 2^ Army not to return Fugitive Slaves, March 13, 1862 
 36 Compensated Emancipation enacted, April 10, 1862 
 4^ Slavery abolished in District of Columbia, Apr. 16, 1862 
 5® Treaty with England for Suppression of Slave 
 
 Trade, April 25, 1862 
 
 6^ Department of Agriculture established, May 15, 1862 
 
 7^ Pacific Railroad & Telegraph authorized, July i, 1862 
 
 8^ Anti-Polygamy Act, . . . Julyi, 1862 
 
 9^ Color no Impediment to Evidence, . July 2, 1862 
 
 10^ Emancipation of Fugitive Slaves, . July 16, 1862 
 
 II* Confiscation of Rebel Property, . July 16, 1862 
 
 35 GOV N TRY. 
 
 (63) 
 
No. 58 -2' COERCION. 3' THIRD YEAR OF WAR. CONFLICT 
 IN THE WEST, 1863. 
 
 1^ CONFLICT. 
 1« In the West. 
 
 i'' The Reduction of Vicksburg, Feb. 2-July 4, 1863 
 i^ Gn'ersofi's Raid from La Grange, Miss., to 
 
 Baton Rouge, La., April 17-May i, 1863 
 28 Port Gibson, G^ra«/-PEMBERTON, May i, 1863 
 3' Raymond, Grafif-GnECG, . May 12, 1863 
 48 Jackson, 6^ra;7/-JoHNSTON (J. E.), May 14, 1863 
 58 Cliamp'n Hills, (7rdt«/-PEMBERT0N, May 16, 1863 
 68 Big Black R., Gf anf-F EUhERToyi, May 17, 1863 
 78 Vicksburg invested, . . May 19, 1863 
 8^ Assault on Vicksburg a Failure, May 22, 1863 
 98 Siege of Vicksburg, . May 23-July 4, 1863 
 10' Surrender of Vicksburg, 6^ra«/-PEMi?ER- 
 
 TON, .... July 4, 1863 
 
 118 Surrender of Port Hudson, Ban/cs-GARD- 
 
 NER, .... July 9, 1863 
 
 2 7 Tennessee and Georgia Campaign. 
 
 I* Chattanooga evacuated, J^osecrans-Bn. agg, 
 
 Sept. 18, 1863 
 2* Chickamauga, BRAGG-J^osecrans, 
 
 Sept. 19, 20, 1863 
 38 Army shut up in Chattanooga, 
 
 Sept. 21-N0V. 24, 1863 
 48 Lookout Mountain taken (Battle above 
 
 Clouds), Hookcr-BRAGG, . Nov. 24, 1863 
 58 Mission Ridge, Grant-BRAGG, Nov. 25, 1863 
 
 3'' Knoxville Campaign. 
 
 1 8 Burnside besieged at Knoxville by Long- 
 street, .... Nov. 17, 1863 
 
 28 Assault on Knoxville, Biirnside-Lo^G- 
 
 STREET, .... Nov. 29, 1863 
 
 38 Siege of Knoxville raised, . Dec. 9, 1863 
 
 4! Morgan's Raid into Ohio. 
 (64) 
 
No. 59 -2' COERCION. 3^ THIRD YEAR OF WAR. CONFLICT 
 IN THE EAST. 1863. 
 
 1^ CONFLICT, 
 
 2^ In the Bast, (See No. 58.) 
 
 i'^ Hooker rtWevts Burnstde, . . Jan. 26, 1863 
 
 2^ Chancellorsville, 'L^^-Hboker, . May 1-4, 1863 
 3'^ Lee's Second Northern Invasion, 
 
 June 3-July 25, 1863 
 
 1 8 Beverly Ford, Pkasonfon-STXJ art, June 9, 1863 
 
 2* Berry ville, 'R.hohy.s-Mc Reynolds, June 13, 1863 
 
 3* Winchester, EwELL-J^7r<7y, . June 14, 1863 
 
 48 Martinsburg, Rhodes- Tj/*?;', . June 14, 1863 
 
 5* Meade rt\\QYQS Hooker, . . June 28, 1863 
 
 6^ Gettysburg, Meade-his.E, . . July 1-3, 1863 
 7 8 Falling Waters, ^/^a/r/V/^-PETXiNGREW, 
 
 July 14, 1863 
 
 8^ Armies in Former Positions,, . July 25, 1863 
 
 5' On the Sea Coast, 
 
 1 7 Charleston Expedition, BEAVRKGART>-Gt7lmore, 
 
 July3-Sept. 17, 1863 
 
 2'' Sabine Pass, Texas, Franklin, Sept. 8, 1863 
 
 3'^ Rio Grande Expedition, Banks-BEE, 
 
 Oct. 27-Nov., 1863 
 
 (65) 
 
No. 60-2' COERCION. 3' THIRD YEAR OF WAR. 2' CON- 
 GRESS. 3' COUNTRY. 1863. 
 
 2^ CON^GRESS, (See No. 50.) 
 
 i^ National Bank Law, . . . Feb. 25, 1863 
 
 2^ Habeas Corpus Act, . . . March 3, 1863 
 
 3* Conscription Act, .... March 3, 1863 
 
 4^ Income Tax Law. 
 
 58 XIIL Amendment fails in the House. 
 
 35 THE COVNTRY, 
 
 i^ Emancipation Proclamation, . . Jan. i, 1 8 63 
 
 2^ Arrest of Vallandingham, . . May 4, 1863 
 
 3^ New York Draft Riots, . . July 13-16, 1863 
 48 Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus, Sept. 15, 1863 
 5^ Calls for Troops. 
 
 1 7 One Hundred Thousand, . . June, 1863 
 
 2' Three Hundred Thousand, . . Oct., 1863 
 
 6' Amnesty Proclamation, . . . Dec. 8, 1863 
 
 (66) 
 
No. 61.-2' COERCION. 4' FOURTH YEAR OF WAR, 1864. 
 5' CONFLICT IN THE WEST. 1864. 
 
 1^ In the West, 1864 
 
 I '' Sherman's Campaign from Vicksburg, Miss. , to 
 
 Meridian, Ala., . . . Feb. 3-26, 1864 
 
 2'^ Palmer's Demonstration against Dallas, Ga., 
 
 Feb. 22-March 10, 1864 
 
 3' Banks' Red River Expedition, Mar. 12-May 16, 1864 
 
 1 8 Fort De Russey, Banks-TxY'Lois., March 14, 1864 
 
 2 8 Sabine Cross Roads, TAYhOK-Banks, April 8, 1864 
 
 3' Pleasant Hill, ^a«,^^-TAYLOR, . April 9, 1864 
 
 48 Forrest's Raid — ^Jackson, Miss. , to Paducah, Ky. , 
 
 March 23-April, 1864 
 
 i^ Paducah, Ky., Z^'^t^j-Forrest, March 25, 1864 
 
 2^ Ft. Pillow Massacre, FoRREST-Brad/ord, 
 
 April 12, 1864 
 
 4'^ G^m;// appointed Lieutenant-General, March 12, 1864 
 
 5 7 Atlanta Campaign, , . . May 5, 1864 
 
 1 8 Buzzard's Roost, Sherman-] omiSTOi^, May 9, 1864 
 
 2 8 Resaca, Ga., S/ierman-] oknston, May 14, 15, 1864 
 
 38 Rome, Ga., Sherman-] OHf^STo:^, May 19, 1864 
 
 4* New Hope Church, near Dallas, Ga. , Sherman- 
 
 JoHNSTON, .... May 25-28, 1864 
 
 58 Kenesaw Mountain, Sherman-]oYiti'&TO^, 
 
 June 9-July 2, 1864 
 
 6* Kenesaw abandoned, Sherman-]oYm's,'YO^, 
 
 July 3, 1864 
 
 7* Chattahoochee abandoned, . July 9, 1864 
 
 8^ Hood relieves Johnston, , . July 17, 1864 
 
 9* Atlanta, Sherman-HooD, . . July 20-31, 1864 
 
 10* Atlanta captured, Sherman-HooT), Sept. 2, 1864 
 
 67 Naval Expedition against Mobile, Farragut, 
 
 Aug. s, 1864 
 (67) 
 
No. 62.-2' COERCION. V CONFLICT IN THE WEST 
 CONTINUED, 1864. 
 
 6" Nashville Campaign, . . . Oct. i-Dec. 20, 1864 
 
 1* Hood passes north of Chattahoochee, Oct. 2, 1864 
 
 2^ Altoona Pass, Corse-Yiooxi, . . Oct. 5, 1864 
 
 3* Franklin, Tenn., YiooD- Sc/iofield, Nov. 30, 1864 
 
 48 Nashville, Thomas-HooD, . . Dec. 15, 1864 
 
 7^ Shervian^s March to the Sea, . Nov 
 1 8 Atlanta burned by Sher?nan, 
 2 8 March begun, 
 38 Milledgeville entered, . 
 4* Griswold, Sherman-? riiaavs, 
 5* Shermaii invests Savannah, . 
 6* First Message through to the Sea, 
 78 Ft. McAllister captured, i7i?36'//-BEAUREGUARD, 
 
 Dec. 13, 1864 
 
 8" Sherman received on a Gunboat, . Dec. 13, 1864 
 9* Permanent Communication established; Soldiers 
 
 receive Tons of Mail, . . Dec. 16, 1864 
 10* Sherman enters Savannah, . . Dec. 21, 1864 
 
 17-Dec. 17, 1864 
 
 Nov. 15, 1864 
 
 Nov. 17, 1864 
 
 Nov. 20, 1864 
 
 Nov. 22, 1864 
 
 Dec. 10, 1864 
 
 Dec. II, 1864 
 
 (68) 
 
No.63 -2' COERCION. V CONFLICT. 2' IN THE EAST, 1864. 
 
 2^ In the East. 
 
 1 7 Toward Richmond. 
 
 1 8 Wilderness, Va., Grant-LEE, . May 5, 6, 1864 
 2 8 Spottsylvania C. H., Va., Grant-hEE, 
 
 May 8-14, 1864 
 38 Taylor's Bridge, Va., Grant-'LEE, May 22, 1864 
 48 Cold Harbor, Va., Grant-LEE, June 1-3, 1864 
 58 James River crossed at Wilcox, Grant, 
 
 June 14, 15, 1864 
 6* Grant joins Butler from Fortress Monroe 
 
 before Petersburg, . . June 15, 1864 
 7 * Attack on Weldon Railroad a Failure, Lee- 
 
 Grant, .... June 21, 1864 
 88 Explosion of Mine, . . . July 30, 1864 
 98 Second Attack on Weldon Railroad a Suc- 
 cess, Grant-LEE, . Aug. 18, 19, 1864 
 2 '^ First Lynchburg Expedition a Failure, 5/^^/, 
 
 May 1-13, 1864 
 3^ Second Lynchb'g Expedition, Hunter, June 1-28, 1864 
 47 Wilson's Raid, . . . June 22-July i, 1864 
 5'^ Early's Raid up the Shenandoah, July i-Oct. 20,1864 
 18 Enemy before Washington, . July 12, 1864 
 2 8 Chambersburg, Pa., burned, . July 30, 1864 
 38 Winchester, Sheridan-EAVASV , . Sept. 19, 1864 
 48 Fisher's Hill, S/ien'dan-E arly, Sept. 22, 1864 
 58 Cedar Creek (Sheridan's Ride from Win- 
 chester), S/iert'dan-'E ARLY, . Oct. 19, 1864 
 6' Naval Expedition against Fort Fisher, Wilming- 
 ton, N. C, a Failure, Porter and Butler, 
 
 Dec. 24, 25, 1864 
 (69) 
 
No. 64.-2' COERCION. 2' THE CONGRESS. 3' THE 
 COUNTRY. 1864. 
 
 2^ THE CONGRESS, 
 
 I* Grade of Lieutenant-General revived, Feb. 29, 1864 
 2^ Reconstruction Bill passed, . . May 28, 1S64 
 3® Fugitive Slave Act repealed, , . June 28, 1864 
 4^ Coastwise Slave Trade prohibited, . Nov. i, 1864 
 5* Postal Money Order System established. 
 
 55 THE COUNTRY. 
 
 I ^ Radical Convention nominates Fremont at Cleve- 
 land, ..... May 31, 1864 
 
 2" National Union Convention nominates Lincoln 
 
 at Baltimore, . . . . June 7, 1864 
 
 3* Philadelphia Sanitary Fair, . . June 7, 1864 
 
 4* Niagara Falls Peace Negotiations, . July 12, 1864 
 
 5* Peace Negotiations by Jacques and Gilmore, 
 
 July 17, 1864 
 
 6* Louisiana adopts New Constitution abolishing 
 
 Slavery, July 22, 1864 
 
 78 Democratic National Convention pronounces 
 the War a Failure, and nominates McClellan 
 at Chicago, .... Aug. 29, 1864 
 
 8^ Lincoln re-elected, .... Nov. 8, 1864 
 
 9® American Union (Refugee) Commission, Oct., 1864 
 
No. 65.-2' COERCION. 5* FIFTH YEAR OF WAR, 1865. 
 1^ CONFLICT. 
 
 i^ Sherman crosses the Savannah River, Jan. 6, 1865 
 
 2' Fort Fisher, N. C, taken, . . Jan. 15, 1865 
 
 3' Rowanta Creek, Va., Granf-LEE, . Feb. 5, 1865 
 
 4^ Sherman occupies Columbia, S. C, . Feb. 17, 1865 
 
 5^ Charleston occupied, . . . Feb. 18, 1865 
 
 6' Sherman occupies Wilmington, N. C, Feb. 22, 1865 
 
 7' Sheridan captures Early's Army near Staunton, 
 
 Va., March 2, 1865 
 
 8'^ 6'-^^rwfl!« at Goldsborough, N. C, March 19, 1865 
 
 9' Sherman joined by Terry and Schofield at Golds- 
 borough, .... March 21, 1865 
 
 10' Fort Steadman, Grant-LEE, . March 25, 1865 
 
 11^ Quaker Road, Grant-LEE, . March 29, 1865 
 
 12'^ Boydton Plank Road, Granf-LEE, March 31, 1865 
 
 13' Five Forks, Granf-LEE, . . . April i, 1865 
 
 14'^ Attack on Petersburg, Grant-'LEE, . April 2, 1865 
 
 15 '^ Occupation of Petersburg and Richmond, Grant- 
 'LEE, April 3, 1865 
 
 16' Deatonsville, Grant-LEE, . . April 6, 1865 
 
 17'^ Grant axid Lee at Appomattox C. H., April 8, 1865 
 
 2^ CONGRESS. 
 
 5« COUNTRY. 
 
 (71) 
 
No. 66.-3' CONCLUSION. SURRENDER OF LEE TO JOHNSON. 
 APRIL 9-APRIL 15, 1865. il/ide No. 50.) 
 
 I * Surrender of Lee to Grant at Appomattox C. H. , Va. , 
 
 April 9, 1865 
 2* Mobile occupied by Cfj/z^y, . . . April 12, 1865 
 3* Sherman occupies Raleigh, N. C, . April 13, 1865 
 
 4* Lincoln assassinated by Booth, . . April 14, 1865 
 5* Johnston surrenders to Sherman, Durham, N. C, 
 
 April 26, 1865 
 6* Jeff. Davis captured at Irwinville, Ga., . May 10, 1865 
 7* Taylor surrenders to Canby at Citronville, Ala., 
 
 May 10, 1865 
 8* KiRBY Smith surrenders Texas forces, . May 26, 1865 
 9* Army disbanded, Aug. i, 1865 
 
 (72) 
 
No. 67.-3' REORGANIZATION. Wide No. 4.) 
 
 1^ RBCONSTBTICTION. (Johnson to 
 
 Hayes.) 1865-1877 
 
 I* Johnson (War Democrat), . . . 1 865-1 869 
 2* Grant (Republican), .... 1869-1877 
 
 2^ RESVMJPTIOm (Hayes.) . . . 1877 
 I* Hayes (Republican). 
 
 (73) 
 
No. 68 -JOHNSON'S ADMINISTRATION. Wide No. 67.) 
 
 1^ JOHXSON (War Democrat), 
 
 April 15, 1865-March 4, 1869 
 
 1 5 International Ocean Telegraph, . Mays, ^^^5 
 2 5 Amnesty Proclamation, . . . May 29, 1865 
 3 5 Thirteenth Amendment (prohibiting Slavery), 
 
 Dec. 18, 1865 
 45 Civil Rights Bill, .... April 9, 1866 
 5^ Freedmen Bureau Bill, . . . July 6, 1866 
 6^ Impeachment President fails, 
 
 Jan. 7, 1867-May 26, 1868 
 I* ImpeachmentResolutionby Ashley, Jan. 7, 1867 
 2^ Acquittal by Senate, . . May 26, 1868 
 
 75 Reconstruction Act, . . . March 2, 1867 
 
 85 Tenure-of-Office Bill, . . . March 2, 1867 
 9 5 Department of Education established, March 2, 1867 
 10" Bankruptcy Act, .... March 2, 1867 
 11^ Death of Maximillian in Mexico, . June, 1867 
 12' Fourteenth Amendment (Citizenship, Appor- 
 tionment of Representatives, Rebel Debts 
 not to be paid), .... July 20, 1868 
 
 (74) 
 
No. 69 -GRANTS ADMINISTRATION. {Vide No. 67.) 
 
 2^ GBAJyT, 1869-1877 
 
 i^ Opening of Pacific Railroad, . . . 1869 
 
 2 5 Beginning of Santo Domingo Question, Dec, 1869 
 35 Reconstruction completed (Virginia, Missis- 
 sippi and Texas admitted), . . . 1869 
 4 5 Fifteenth Amendment (Right of Suffrage), 
 
 March 30, 1870 
 55 "Ku Klux Klan" reported upon in Congress, 1871 
 65 Chicago Fire, .... Oct. 8, 1871 
 
 75 Alabama Claims, . . . . Sept. 14,1872 
 
 35 Credit Mobilier Investigation, . Dec, 2, 1872 
 
 9^ Failure of Jay Cooke beginning of Financial 
 
 Crisis, ....... 1873 
 
 lo^ Centennial Exposition, ..... 1876 
 
 11^ Electoral Commission, . . . June 25, 1879 
 
 (76) 
 
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 (76) 
 
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SETTLEMENT AND ADMISSION OF THE STATES. 
 
 
 SETTLEE 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 STATES. 
 
 
 
 ADMIT- 
 TED. 
 
 DURING 
 
 
 
 
 
 WHOSE ADMIN- 
 
 
 Wh'ni 
 
 Where. 
 
 By Whom. 
 
 
 ISTRATION. 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 1607 
 
 Jamestown, 
 
 English, 
 
 « 
 
 
 New York, 
 
 1614 
 
 New York, 
 
 Dutch, 
 
 cj 
 
 
 Massachusetts, 
 
 1620 Plymouth, 
 
 English, 
 
 ui 
 
 
 New Hampshire, 
 
 1623 Little Harbor, 
 
 English, 
 
 'rt 
 
 
 Connecticut, 
 
 •633 
 
 Windsor, 
 
 English, 
 
 a 
 
 
 Maryland, 
 
 1634 
 
 St. Mary's, 
 
 English, 
 
 'So 
 
 
 Rhode Island, 
 
 1636 
 
 Providence, 
 
 English, 
 
 
 
 
 Delaware, 
 
 1638 
 
 Wilmington, 
 
 Swedes, 
 
 
 
 North Carolina, 
 
 1650 
 
 Chowan River, 
 
 English, 
 
 HJ 
 
 
 New Jersey, 
 
 1664 
 
 Elizabeth, 
 
 Dutch, 
 
 Ui 
 
 J3 
 
 
 South Carolina, 
 
 1670 
 
 Ashley River, 
 
 English, 
 
 H 
 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 1682 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 
 English, 
 
 1) 
 
 
 Georgia, 
 
 1733 
 
 Savannah, 
 
 English, 
 
 H 
 
 
 Vermont, 
 
 1724 
 
 Fort Dummer, 
 
 English, 
 
 1791) 
 
 
 Kentucky, 
 
 1775 
 
 Boonesboro, 
 
 English, 
 
 1792 \ 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 1757 
 
 Fort Loudon, 
 
 English, 
 
 1 796 J 
 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 1788 
 
 Marietta, 
 
 English, 
 
 1802 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Louisiana, 
 Indiana, 
 
 1699 
 1730 
 
 Iberville, 
 Vincennes, 
 
 French, 
 French, 
 
 l8l2\ 
 
 1816/ 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Mississippi, 
 
 1716 
 
 Natchez, 
 
 French, 
 
 I8I71 
 
 
 Illinois, 
 
 1720 
 
 Kaskaskia, 
 
 French, 
 
 I8I8 1 
 
 
 Alabama, 
 
 1711 
 
 Mobile, 
 
 French, 
 
 I8I9 \ 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Maine, 
 
 1625 
 
 Bristol, 
 
 French, 
 
 1820 
 
 
 Missouri, 
 
 1764 
 
 St. Louis, 
 
 French, 
 
 I82IJ 
 
 
 Arkansas, 
 
 1685 
 
 Arkansas Post, 
 
 French, 
 
 18361 
 1837/ 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Michigan, 
 
 1670 
 
 Detroit, 
 
 French, 
 
 Florida, 
 
 1565 
 
 St. Augustine, 
 
 Spaniards, 
 
 1845 
 
 Tyler. 
 
 Texas, 
 
 1692 
 
 San Antonio, 
 
 Spaniards, 
 
 1845) 
 
 
 Iowa, 
 
 1833 
 
 Burlington, 
 
 English, 
 
 1846 \ 
 
 Polk. 
 
 Wisconsin, 
 
 1669 
 
 Green Bay, 
 
 French, 
 
 1848 J 
 
 
 California, 
 
 1 769 San Diego, 
 
 Spani.irds, 
 
 1850 
 
 Fillmore. 
 
 Minnesota, 
 
 1846 
 
 St. Paul, 
 
 Americans, 
 
 1858 1 
 
 
 Oregon, 
 
 181 1 
 
 Astoria, 
 
 Americans, 
 
 i8!;9 y iBuchanan. 
 1861 j 
 
 ;W3| Lincoln. 
 
 1867 Johnson. 
 1876 Grant. 
 
 Kansas, 
 
 
 
 Americans, 
 
 English, 
 
 Americans, 
 
 West Virginia, 
 Nevada, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nebraska, 
 
 
 
 Colorado, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 (77) 
 
Constitution of the United States of America. 
 Preamble.* 
 
 We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect 
 union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the 
 common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings 
 of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this 
 Constitution for the United States of America. 
 
 Article I. Legislative Department. 
 
 Section I. Congress in General. \ 
 
 All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of 
 the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre- 
 sentatives. 
 
 Section II. House of Representatives. 
 
 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members 
 chosen every second year by the people of the several States; and the 
 electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors 
 of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 
 
 2. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to 
 the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the 
 United States, and \\ ho shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of 
 that State in which he shall be chosen. 
 
 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the 
 several States which may be included within this Union, according to 
 their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the 
 whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a 
 term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other 
 persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years 
 after the first meeting of the I'ongress of the United States, and within 
 every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by 
 law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for 
 every thirty thousand. I)ut each State shall have at least one represen- 
 tative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New 
 Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode 
 
 '^ Compare the Pre.nmble with Confederation Articles I. and TIL 
 t Compare Article I., Si I.-VII. with Cnnfederation Article V. 
 
Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York 
 six. New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, 
 Virginia ten. North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia 
 lliree. 
 
 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the 
 executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such va- 
 cancies. 
 
 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other 
 officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 
 
 Section III. Senate. 
 
 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators 
 from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years, and 
 each senator shall have one vote. 
 
 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the 
 first election, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three 
 classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at 
 the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration 
 of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth 
 year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacan- 
 cies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legis- 
 lature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appoint- 
 ments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill 
 such vacancies. 
 
 3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the 
 age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, 
 and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for 
 which he shall be chosen. 
 
 4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the 
 Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 
 
 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president 
 pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exer- 
 cise the office of President of the United States. 
 
 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. 
 When sitting for that purpose, they shall all be on oath or affirmation. 
 When the President of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall 
 preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of 
 two-thirds of the members present. 
 
 7. Judgment in case of impeachment shall not extend farther than to 
 removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
 honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
 shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
 and punishment according to law. 
 
 Section IV. Both Houses. 
 
 I. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators 
 and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature 
 thereof; but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such 
 regulations, except as to the place of choosing senators. 
 
 (79) 
 
2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
 meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
 law appoint a different day. 
 
 Section V. TTu Houses Separately. 
 
 1. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and quali- 
 fications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a 
 quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day 
 to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance <^f absent mem- 
 bers, in sucli manner and under such penalties as each house may pro- 
 vide. 
 
 2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
 members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two- 
 thirds, expel a member. 
 
 3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time 
 to time publish the same, excepting in such parts as may in their judg- 
 ment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either 
 house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, 
 be entered on the journal. 
 
 4. Neither house during the session of Congress shall, without the 
 consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any 
 other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 
 
 Section VI. Disabilities of Members. 
 
 1. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for 
 their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of 
 the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and 
 breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance 
 at the session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning 
 from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall 
 not be questioned in any other place. 
 
 2. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he 
 was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the 
 United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments where- 
 of shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding 
 any office under the United States shall be a member of either house 
 during his continuance in office. 
 
 Section VII. Mode of Passing Laws. 
 
 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Rep- 
 resentatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, 
 as on other bills. 
 
 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives 
 and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the Presi- 
 dent of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, 
 he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall 
 have orginated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, 
 and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds 
 
 (80) 
 
of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with 
 the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon- 
 sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. 
 But in all such cases the voles of both houses shall be determined by 
 yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against 
 the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If 
 any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays 
 excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be 
 a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their 
 adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 
 
 3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
 Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
 question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the 
 United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved 
 by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds 
 of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and 
 limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 
 
 Section VIII. Powers granted to Congress.^ 
 
 The Congress shall have power: 
 
 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the 
 debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the 
 United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform 
 throughout the United States; 
 
 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 
 
 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
 States, and with the Indian tribes; 
 
 4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
 the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States; 
 
 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin, 
 and fix the standard of weights and measures; 
 
 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
 current coin of the United States; 
 
 7. To establish post-offices and post-roads; 
 
 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing 
 for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their 
 respective writings and discoveries; 
 
 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; 
 
 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
 seas, and offenses against the law of nations; 
 
 11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make 
 rules concerning captures on land and water ; 
 
 12. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to 
 that use shall be for a longer term than two years; 
 
 13. To provide and maintain a navy; 
 
 14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land 
 and naval forces; 
 
 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
 Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 
 
 * Compare S? VIII. and XI. with Confed. Art. IX.; clause i of g VIII. with Con- 
 fed. Art. Vlll.; and clause 12 of g VIII. with Confed. Art. VII. 
 
 (81) 
 
16. To provide for organizing, aiming, and disciplining tl.c niiliiia, 
 and for governing such part of them as mny be employed in llie service 
 of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appoint- 
 ment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according 
 to the discipline prescribed by Congress; 
 
 17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, o"er 
 such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of 
 particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
 government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all 
 places purchased, by the consent of the Legislature of the State in 
 which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, 
 dock-yards, and other needful buildings; and 
 
 18. To make all laws wliich shall be necessary and proper for carry- 
 ing into execution tlie foregoing powers, and all other powers vested 
 by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any 
 department or office thereof. 
 
 Section IX. Powers denied to the United States. 
 
 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States 
 now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the 
 Congress jirior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but 
 a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
 dollars for each person. 
 
 2. The privilege of the writ o^ habeas corpus shall not be suspended 
 unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may re- 
 quire it. 
 
 3. No bill of attainder, or ex-post facto law, shall be passed. 
 
 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laiil, unless in proportion 
 to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 
 
 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 
 
 6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or 
 revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall ves- 
 sels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties 
 in another. 
 
 7. No money shall he drawn from the treasury but in consequence of 
 appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
 the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published 
 from time to time. 
 
 8. No title of notability shall be granted by the United States; and 
 no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, with- 
 out the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, 
 office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign 
 State. 
 
 ' Section X. Powers denied to the State. * 
 
 I. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; 
 grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; 
 make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; 
 
 * Compare Article I., 3 X. witli Confed. Art. VI. 
 
 (82) 
 
pass any bill of attainder, ex-post-facto law, or law impairing the obliga- 
 tion of contracts; or grant any title of nobility. 
 
 2. No State shall, without the consen' of the Congress, lay any im- 
 posts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely 
 necessary for executing its inspection law^ and the net produce of all 
 duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports shall be for 
 the use of the treasury of the United States, and all such laws shall be 
 subject to the revision and control of the Congress. 
 
 3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of 
 tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
 agreement o compact with another State or with a foreign power, or 
 engage in war unless actually invaded, or iu such imminent danger as 
 will not admit of delays. 
 
 Article II. Executive. Department.* 
 
 Section I. President and Vice-President. 
 
 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United 
 States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four 
 years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, 
 be elected as follows: 
 
 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature there- 
 of may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of sen- 
 ators and representatives to which the State may be entitled in the 
 Congress, but no senator or representative, or person holding an office 
 of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. 
 
 3. [That electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot 
 for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the 
 same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the per- 
 sons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
 shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the govern- 
 ment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The 
 President of thf Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House 
 of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be 
 counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the 
 President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors 
 appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, 
 and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives 
 shall immediately choose by ballot one'of them for President; and if 
 no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, the 
 said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing 
 the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation 
 from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall con- 
 sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a ma- 
 jority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, 
 after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number 
 of votes of the electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should 
 remain two or more who have equal vote, the Senate shall choose from 
 them by ballot the Vice-President. ]t 
 
 •■■ Compare Article 11. with Confed. Art. X. 
 \ Altered by the Xllth Amendment. 
 
 (83) 
 
/ 
 
 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, 
 and the day on which ihey shall give their votes, which day shall be 
 the same tluoughout the United States. 
 
 5. No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
 States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
 to the otifice of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
 office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and 
 been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 
 
 6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
 resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
 office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President; and the Congress 
 may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or in- 
 ability, both of the President and 'Vice-President, declaring what officer 
 shall then act as President; and such officer shall act accordingly, until 
 the disability be removed or a President shall be elected. 
 
 7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
 pensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
 period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
 within that period any other emolument from the United Stales, or 
 any of them. 
 
 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the 
 following oath or affirmation: 
 
 "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
 office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my 
 ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United 
 States." 
 
 Section II. Poivers of the President. 
 
 1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy 
 of the United States, and of the militia of the several States when called 
 into the actual service of the United States; he may require the ojiinion 
 in writing of the principal officer in each of tiie executive departments 
 upon any suljject relating to the duties of their respective oltices; and 
 he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against 
 the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 
 
 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
 Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present 
 concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent 
 of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and 
 consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the 
 United Statts, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided 
 for and which shall be estai)lished by law; but the Congress may by 
 law vest tiie appointment of such inferior officers as they think jMoper 
 in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart- 
 ments. 
 
 3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
 ha]5pen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which 
 shall expire at the end of their next session. 
 
 Section III. Duties of the President. 
 
 He shall, from time to lime, give to the Congress information 01 the 
 state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such nieas- 
 
 (84) 
 
ures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on extraordi- 
 nary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them ; and in case of 
 disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, 
 he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall 
 receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that 
 the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of 
 the United States. 
 
 Section IV. Impeachtnent of the President. 
 
 The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United 
 States shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction 
 of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 
 
 Artice III. Judicial Department.* 
 
 Section I. United States Courts. 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme 
 Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time 
 ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior 
 courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior; and shall, at 
 stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not 
 be diminished during their continuance in office. 
 
 Section II. Jurisdiction of the United States Courts. 
 
 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity aris- 
 ing under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties 
 made or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affect- 
 ing ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of 
 admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the 
 United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more 
 States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens 
 of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands 
 under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens 
 thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. t 
 
 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and con- 
 suls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court 
 shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, 
 the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and 
 fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress 
 shall make. 
 
 3. The trial of all crimes, except in case of impeachment, shall be by 
 jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes 
 shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, 
 the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law 
 have directed. 
 
 ••■■ The Confederacy had no such provision as Article III. of the Constitution, ex- 
 cept the attempt to make a Congressional Court in Confed. Art. IX. 
 f Altered by Xlth Amendment. 
 
 (85) 
 
Section III. Treason. 
 
 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war 
 against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and 
 comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testi- 
 mony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
 court. 
 
 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of trea- 
 son ; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or for- 
 feiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 
 
 Article IV. The States and the Federal Government.* 
 Section I. State Records. 
 
 Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, 
 records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Con- 
 gress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, 
 records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 
 
 Section II. Privileges of Citizens, etc. 
 
 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and 
 immunities of citizens in the several States. 
 
 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, 
 who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on 
 demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be 
 delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 
 
 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws 
 thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or reg- 
 ulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, bat shall be 
 delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may 
 be due. 
 
 Section III. New States and Territories.^ 
 
 1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; 
 but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of 
 any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or 
 more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures 
 of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 
 
 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful 
 rules and regulations respecting, the territory or other property be- 
 longing to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be 
 so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any 
 particular State. 
 
 Section IV. Guarantee to the States. 
 
 The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a re- 
 puV)lican form of government, and shall protect each of them against 
 
 * Comp.ire Article IV. with Confed. Art. IV. * 
 
 t Compare Article IV., I III. with Coiifc 1. Art. XI. 
 
 (86) 
 
invasion; and, on application of the Legislature, or of the executive 
 (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence. 
 
 Article V. Power of Amendment.* 
 
 The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it 
 necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the 
 application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall 
 call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, 
 shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, 
 when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, 
 or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode 
 of ratification may be proposed by Congress; provided that no amend- 
 ment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred 
 and eight shall in any manner aifect the first and fourth clauees in the 
 ninth section of the first Article ; and that no State, without its consent, 
 shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 
 
 Article VI. Public Debt, Supremacy of the Constitu- 
 tion, Oath of Office, Religious TEST.f 
 
 1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the 
 adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States 
 under this Constitution as under the Confederation. 
 
 2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall 
 be made in pursuance thereof, and all treAies made, or which shall be 
 made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme 
 law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, 
 anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrury not- 
 withstanding. 
 
 3. The senators and representatives before-mentioned, and the mem- 
 bers of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial 
 officers, both of the United States and the several States, shall be 
 bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no relig- 
 ious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public 
 trust under the United States. 
 
 Article VII. Ratification of the Constitution. 
 
 The ratifications of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient 
 for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying 
 the same. 
 
 Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, 
 the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the 
 United States of America the twelfth. 
 
 '■■ Compare Article V. with Confed. Art. XIII. (last sentence). 
 
 t Compare Article VI., clause i, with Confed. Art. XII.; and clauses 2and 3 with 
 Conled. Art. XIII. and addendum, "And whereas," etc. 
 
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Article I. Personal Liberty. 
 
 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, 
 or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
 speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assem- 
 ble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 
 
 Article II. Right of Bearing Arms. 
 
 A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
 State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be in- 
 fringed. 
 
 Article III. Quartering or Soldiers. 
 
 No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, with- 
 out the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to 
 be prescribed by law. 
 
 Article IV. Freedom from Search. 
 
 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
 and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be 
 violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, sup- 
 ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to 
 be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 
 
 Article V. Indictment, etc. 
 
 No person shall be held to ans^wer for a capital, or otherwise infa- 
 mous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, ex- 
 ce])t in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when 
 in active service in time of war or pul)lic danger; nor shall any person 
 be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or 
 limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness 
 aj.'ainst himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without 
 due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use 
 without just compensation. 
 
 Article VI. Trial by Jury. 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
 speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the Slate and district 
 wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
 
 tB8) 
 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature 
 and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against 
 him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; 
 and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 
 
 Article VII. Against Second Trial. 
 
 In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
 twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no I'act 
 tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the 
 United States than according to the rules of the common law. 
 
 Article VIII. Excessive Impositions. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor 
 cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. 
 
 Article IX. Other Rights Not Denied. 
 
 The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be 
 construed to deny or disparage oihers retained by the people. 
 
 Article X. Powers Reserved.* 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
 nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively 
 or to the people. 
 
 Article XI. Repudiation Amendment, f 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
 extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against 
 one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or 
 subjects of any foreign State. 
 
 Article XII. Presidential Elections. | 
 
 I. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by 
 ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall 
 not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall 
 name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct 
 ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make dis- 
 tinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted 
 for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists 
 they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of govern- 
 ment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; 
 
 ••= Compare the Xth Amendment with Confed. Art. II. The first ten Amendments 
 were proposed by Congress, September 25th, 1789, and declared in force, December 
 15th, 1791. 
 
 I Proposed by Congress, March 5th, 1794, and declared in force, January 8th, 1798. 
 
 I Proposed by Congress, December i2tn, 1803, and declared in force, September 
 25th, 1804. 
 
 (89) 
 
the President of the Senate sliall, in the presence of the Senate and 
 House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall 
 then be counted; the person having the greatest numher of votes for 
 President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the 
 whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such ma- 
 jority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceed- 
 ing three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of 
 Representatives shall choose immediately by ballot the President. But 
 in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the rep- 
 resentation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose 
 shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and 
 a majority of all the Slates shall be necessary to a choice. And if the 
 House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the 
 right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March 
 next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the 
 case of death or other constitutional disability of the President. 
 
 2. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President 
 shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
 number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then 
 from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the 
 Vice-President; a ciuorum for the purpose shall consist of two- thirds of 
 the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number 
 shall be necessary to a choice. 
 
 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President 
 shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 
 
 Article XIII. Anti-Slavery.* 
 
 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment 
 for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist 
 within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 
 
 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate 
 legislation. 
 
 Article XIV. Equal Rights, ETC.f 
 
 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject 
 to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United Stales and of the 
 Stale wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law 
 which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the 
 United Slates; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, 
 or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within 
 its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 
 
 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States ac- 
 cording to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of 
 persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the 
 rit,ht to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and 
 Vice-President of the United States, representatives in Congress, the 
 executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legis- 
 
 '■' Proposed by Congress, February ist, 1865, and declared in force, December i8th, 
 1865. 
 I Proposed by Congress, June i6th, 1866, and declared in force, July 38th, 1868. 
 
latuie thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitant of such State, be- 
 ing twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any 
 way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the 
 basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which 
 the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of 
 male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 
 
 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or 
 elector of President and Vice-President, or holding any office, civil or 
 military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having pre- 
 viously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
 United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an execu- 
 tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the 
 United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against 
 the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But "^on- 
 gress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. 
 
 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized 
 by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties 
 for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
 tioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or 
 pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
 against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of 
 any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held 
 illegal and void. 
 
 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legisla- 
 tion the provisions of this article. 
 
 Article XV. Negro Suffrage.* 
 
 1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be 
 denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of 
 race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 
 
 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legisla- 
 tion the provisions of this article. 
 
 =•■ Proposed by Congress, February 26th, 1869, and declared in force, March 30th, 
 1870. 
 
 (91) 
 
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INDEX 
 
 A<lam<;, J Q., Administration, 4. 
 
 Agitation, beveiilli Period, 5. 
 
 Ab(jrigines, Outlines of, 11. 
 
 Aztec Tradition, n. 
 
 Algonquin, 11. 
 
 America Discovered by Norwegians, 11: 
 Discovered by Coliimljiis, 12; Named 
 from Americus Vespiicius, 12; Circum- 
 navigated by Magellan, 12; Northern 
 Continent First Discovered by the 
 Cabots, 12. 
 
 Ayllon Explores Eastern Coast, 12. 
 
 AlarSon Discovers Colorado River, 12. 
 
 Albemarle First Settlement in North Caro- 
 lina, 13. 
 
 Acadia Oldest Colony on AtlanticCoast,i3. 
 
 Aggression, French, 18. 
 
 Appala;hian Expedition, 18. 
 
 Acadi.i Ceded to England, 18. 
 
 Anne's, Queen, War, 18. 
 
 Aii-in.ia Succession. King George'.^ 
 W.ir, 18. 
 
 Aix la Cnapelle, Treaty of, 18. 
 
 Abercrombie's Expedition against Fort 
 'l'iconderot;a, 19. 
 
 Acadians Kidnaped by the English, 19. 
 
 American Cansresses, 20; Congress,First, 
 20; North, Confederacy, '20. 
 
 A-t, Mutiny, 21; Revenue, of '65 Re- 
 pe lied, 21. 
 
 Adams, J., Chairman of Board of War,23; 
 Sent to Paris to Treat with England, 29; 
 Administration, 40; Death of, 46. 
 
 Articles of Confederation Reported, 26; 
 Adopted, 27; Ratified, 30. 
 
 Arnold's Trc.ison, 31. 
 
 Andre's Execution, 31. 
 
 Amendments to Constitution, First Ten, 
 39; XL, 39; XII.. 41; Xlll. Fails in 
 the House, 66; Xlll. Published as a, 
 Law, 74; XIV. Published as a Law, 74:; 
 XV., 75. 
 
 Army at New York, 22. _ 
 
 Arnold Ravages V'ir;;inia, 33 ; Burns and 
 Butchers at New I^mdon, Conn., 33. 
 
 Am:rican Officers form Order of the Cin- 
 cinnati, 34 
 
 Army Disbanded, 34. 
 
 Alien and Sedition Laws, 40. 
 
 Anti-Federalists, 38. 
 
 Africa, Battle near, 44. 
 
 Adams, J. Q., Elected by House of Rep- 
 resentatives, 45; Administration, 46; 
 House Fails to Censure, 50; Secures 
 Rescindment of Gag Rule of 1837, so. 
 
 Anti-Slavery Society, 48; Whigs Warn 
 Public of a Party to Annex Texas, 50. 
 
 Anti-Polygamy Act, 63. 
 
 'Athcrton G.ig Resolution, 49. 
 Abolitionists Dcle.it Whigs, 50. 
 Arctic Expedition, Kane's, 53; Second, 54. 
 American Party. Know-Nothing, Disrup- 
 tion, 54. 
 Arkansas Secedes, 57. 
 Alabama Secedes, 55 
 Arlington Heights Occupied, 58. 
 Antietam, 61. 
 
 .\gricultu re, Department of, Established, 63 
 Amnesty Proclamation, 66. 
 Atlanta Campaign, 67; Captured, 67; 
 
 Burned by Sherman, 08. 
 Altoona Pass. .68. 
 
 American Union Commission (Refugee), 70. 
 Appomattox C. H., Grant-Let, 71. 
 Army Disbanded, 72. 
 Amnesty Proclamation, 74. 
 Alabama Claims, 75. 
 
 Balboa Discovers Pacific Ocean, 12. 
 
 11 iliimore, Lord, Settles Maryland, 13. 
 
 Boundaries, Territorial, 19. 
 
 Battle of Great Meadows, 19. 
 
 I'raddock's Defeat, 19. 
 
 Boston Massacre, 21 ; Tea Party, ai ; Port 
 Bill,.2i; Neck Fortified, 21. 
 
 Boston, Evacuation of, 22. 
 
 British Imports, Agree not to Use, 2t. 
 
 Bunker Hill, Battle of, Howe and Clinton- 
 Prescott, IV.. 
 
 Boone, Daniel, in Kentucky, 22. 
 
 Board of War, 22. 
 
 Brandywine, Battle of, Howe-Washing- 
 ton, 25. 
 
 Burgoyne Invades New York, 26. 
 
 Bennington, Vt., Battle of, 26. 
 
 Bemus Heights, Battle of, 26. 
 
 Burgoyne, Surrender of, 26. 
 
 Briar Creek, Battle of. 28. 
 
 Bank For 'ed by Morris, 32; Bank of 
 North America Incorporated, 33: First 
 National, 39; National, lncorporaied.4 2 ; 
 National, Bill to Renew Charter Vetoed, 
 48; National, Deposits Removed f om, 
 by Jackson. 48; N.ifonal, Bill Vetoed, 
 50; National, Law, 66. 
 
 British f^vacuatc S ivannah, 34 ; Evaruate 
 New York, 34; Evaciiaie Charleston, 34. 
 
 Boiidinot. President of Congress, 35. 
 
 Burr .Murders Hamilton, 41; Arrested for 
 Treason, 41. 
 
 Brownstown, Mich., Battle of, 43. 
 
 Bladensbiirg. Md , 43. 
 
 Bowyer, Foit, Battl ■ of, 43. 
 
 British Cliaiinel, Battle in, 44; Battle 
 near, 44. 
 
 Borgnc, Lake, Battle on, 44. 
 
 (98) 
 
Brazil, Battle off, 44 I 14; of Hartford, 14; Federal, 37; Text 
 
 Dargaiii, SupposKi-l Clay, 46 | of Federa', 78. 
 
 Bancroft Establishes Maval Academy, 51. iCuloaial Unions, 20; First one the Ne 
 Buena Vista, 52. Englind Confederaiion, 14 ; First Amei 
 
 Bleeding Kansas, 54. j can, 20; Stamp Act, 21 ; First Continen- 
 
 Brooks, Sumner Assaulted by, 54- I tal, 21; Second Continental, 23. 
 
 Bi-own, John, Execution of, 55. ! Confederation, New England, 14. 
 
 Bell and Everett Nominated by Know- Casco Bay, Maine, Massacre, 18. 
 
 Nothings, 55 
 Breckinridge and Lane Nominated by 
 
 Southern Democrats, 55. 
 Baltimore, First Blood Shed in, 5S. 
 Bull Run, 58. 
 Ball's Bluff, 58. 
 Butler at Fortress Monroe, 58 ; Bittlerand 
 
 Farragut take New Orleans, 62. 
 Bankruptcy Act, 74. 
 Booneville, 58. 
 Belmont, 58. 
 Bull Run Disaster. Dark Monday, 59; 
 
 Second Pull Run Disaster, 61. 
 Bragg Starts for Louisville, Ky., 60. 
 Buell Falls Back to Nashville, 60; Buell 
 
 and Bragg Race for Louisville, 60; Buell 
 
 at IjOuisville, 60. 
 Bragg Falls Back, 60. 
 Beaufort, S. C, Taken, 62. 
 Big Black River, 64. 
 
 Burnside Besieged at Knoxville, 64; Re- 
 lieved by Hooker, 65. 
 Beverly Ford, 65. 
 Berryville, 65. 
 
 Banks' Red River Expedition, 67. 
 Buzzard Roost, 67. 
 Boydton Plank Road, 71. 
 
 Colonization. The Second Period Ex- 
 plained, I. 
 
 Compromise, Missouri, 3. 
 
 Carolinas Discovered by Welsh, 11. 
 
 Columbus Discovers America, 12 ; Founds 
 First Colony in New World, 13. 
 
 Cabots Discover the North American Con- 
 tinent, 12. 
 
 Cabot, John, Explorations on which Eng- 
 land BasL-d her Claim to Territory, 12. 
 
 Coast, Southern, Discovered by Verraz- 
 zani, 12. 
 
 Cordova Explores Yucatan, 12. 
 
 Cortez Conquests Mexico, 12. 
 
 California Gulf Discovered by Cortez, rs. 
 
 Colorado River Discovered by Al;irSon,i2. 
 
 Cabrillo E.xplores Pacific Coast, 12. 
 
 Circumnavigation of the Glolie; First by 
 Magellan, 12; Second by Drake, 12. 
 
 Clarendon Grant, 13. 
 
 Charleston First Settlement of South Car- 
 olina, 13. 
 
 Charleston, Siege of, 22. 
 
 Connecticut First Settled, 13. 
 
 Colony, First in the New World, 13 ; First 
 on the Continent, 13; Oldest in the 
 
 Caiholicsin Maryland, First Toleration,i4. 
 
 Consolidation of Colonies, 16. 
 
 Canada Expedition (i6goj, 18; (1711), 18. 
 
 Canada, Invasion of, 22. 
 
 Canada Captur>:d by English, ig. 
 
 Colonial Wars, First, Second and Third, 18. 
 
 Charleston Repels Attack, 18. 
 
 Charleston, Fall of, 31. 
 
 Crown Point Captured by English, 18. 
 
 Confederation, New England, 20. 
 
 Congresses, American, 20. 
 
 Congress, First American, 20. 
 
 Congresses, Colonial, 21. 
 
 Congress, "The Stamp Act, 2r; First Con- 
 tinental, 21; Second Continental, 23; 
 Continental Closed, 32 ; GivesThanks,33. 
 
 Conflict, The. Fiist Year of Revolution, 
 22; Second and Third Years of Revolu- 
 tion, 25, 26; Fourth and Fifth Years of 
 Revolution, 27, 28; Sixth and Seventh 
 Years of Revolution, 31, 32; Eighth 
 Year of Revolutitin, 34. 
 
 Capitol, National, Hamilton's Bargain, 39; 
 at Washington, D. C, 40. 
 
 Cotton Gin, Whitney's, 39. 
 
 Constitution, Frigate, 40. 
 
 Chesapeake Outr.ige, 41. 
 
 Confederacy, North American, 20; South- 
 ern, Organized, 55. 
 
 Confederacy Recognized as Belligerents 
 by England, France, Spain and Portu- 
 g;'>. 57- 
 
 Confederate Peace Commissioners not 
 Recognized, 57. 
 
 Confederate Government at Richmond,59. 
 
 Common Sense, Paine's, 22. 
 
 Carolina, South, First to Adopt Independ- 
 ent State Constitution, 22. 
 
 Carolina, North, Instructs Congress to. 
 Vote Independence, 22. 
 
 Commander-in-Chief Washington, 23. 
 
 Committee, Secret, Ben. Franklin, Chair- 
 man, 23. 
 
 Colonies Advised to Establish Govern- 
 ments, 23. 
 
 Confederation, Articles of. Committee on, 
 23; Reported, 26; Adopted, 27; Rati- 
 fied, 30; Government of, 32. 
 
 Cornwallis at Brunswick, 25. 
 
 Conway Cabal, 27. 
 
 Claike Foiii ds Lexington, Ky., 30. 
 
 Carolinas Overrun, 31. 
 
 Clinton Transfers Conflict to South, 31; 
 Before Charleston, 31. 
 
 United Stales, 13; Oldest in the West, Cowpens, S. C, Battle of, 31 
 
 13; Oldest on Atlantic Coast, 13; Oldest 
 
 in Canada, 13. 
 Champlain Founds Canada, 13. 
 Calvert and Indians in Maryland, 14. 
 Commercial Progress of Early Colonies,i4. 
 Compact, First, on Mayflower, 14. 
 Constitution, First Written, of Jamestown 
 
 (99) 
 
 Cornwallis at Petersburg, Va., 31; Sur- 
 renders at Yorktown, 32. 
 
 Caldwell, Mrs., Murdered by Knyp- 
 hausen, 33. 
 
 Cherokee Country Ravaged by Pickens,34 
 
 Cherokees and Creeks, Treaty with, by- 
 Georgia, 34 ; Removed, 48. 
 
Compromise, Clay's Worst, 48; Missouri, Dutch Explorations, 12; Claims of Terri 
 
 45; Crittenden, 55. tory, 12 ; Settle New York, 13. 
 
 Cincinnati, Order ol, formed by AmericanlDe Soto Discovers Mississippi Kiver, 12 
 
 Officers, 34. 
 
 Constitution, Text of. Federal, Formation, 
 Adoption, etc., 37. 
 
 Chrysler's Field, Canad.A, Battle of, 43. 
 
 Chippcw.i, K.iule of., 43. 
 
 Canary Islands, I'.altlo near, 44. 
 
 Cnampl.iin, L ikc. Battle on, 44. 
 
 Coloiiiz.xiion Society, 45. 
 
 Crittenden Compromise, 55. 
 
 Clay Birijain, Supposed, 46. 
 
 Cl.iy's Worst Compromise, 48; Omnibus 
 Bill, 53. 
 
 Clay, Death of, 53. 
 
 Culmination of Slave Power, 40. 
 
 Convention, First National Presidential, 
 48,55; Peace, at Washington, 55: Radi- 
 cal, Nominates Fremont, 70; National 
 Union, Nominates Lincoln, 70; Demo- 
 cratic National, Pronounces War a Fail- 
 ure and Nominates McClellan, 70. 
 
 Calhoun's State's Rights Resolution, 48; 
 Death of, 53. 
 
 California, Fremont's Conquest of, 51, 52. 
 
 Cerro Gordo, 52. 
 
 Contreras, 52. 
 
 Cherubusco, 52. 
 
 Chapultepec, 52. 
 
 Coercion, 56, 58, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71. 
 
 Carrick's Ford, McClellan at, 58. 
 
 Carnifix Ferry, McClellan at, 58. 
 
 Cheat Mountain, McClellan at, 58. 
 
 Carthage, Battle of, 58. 
 
 Corinth, Miss., Evacuated, 60. 
 
 Corinth, Miss., 60. 
 
 Cross Keys, 61. 
 
 Cedar Mountain, 61 
 
 Chantilly, 61. 
 
 Color no Impediment to Evidence, 63. 
 
 Confiscation of Rebel Property, 63. 
 
 Champ'n Hills, 64. 
 
 Chattanooga Evacuated, 64; Army Shut 
 Up in, 64. 
 
 Chickamauga, 64. 
 
 Clianccllorsville, 65. 
 
 Charleston Expedition, 65. 
 
 Conscription Act, 65. 
 
 Chattahoochee Abandoned, 67. 
 
 Communication Established by Sherman 
 with Sea, 68. 
 
 Cold Harbor, 69. 
 
 Chambersburg, Pa., Burned, 69. 
 
 Cedar Creek, 69. 
 
 Commission, American Union (Refugee), 7* 
 
 Charleston Occupied, 71. 
 
 Canby Occupies Mobile, 72; Taylor Sur- 
 renders to Canby, 72. 
 
 Civil Rights Bill, 74. 
 
 Chicago Fire, 75. 
 
 Credit Mobilicr, 75. 
 
 Cooke, Jay, Failure of, 75. 
 
 Centennial Exposition, 75. 
 
 Commission, Electoral, 75. 
 
 Constitution of United States, Text of, 75. 
 
 Drake, Second Circumnavigation of the 
 Globe by, 12. 
 
 Dover, First Settlement of New Hamp- 
 shire, 13 
 
 Delaware First Settled, 13. 
 
 Darien, First Colony on the Continent, 13. 
 
 De Monts Settles Acadia, 13. 
 
 Detroit Settled, 17. 
 
 Du Que.sne (Pittsburg) Founded, 17. 
 
 Dover, N. H., Massacre, 18. 
 
 Du Quesne, Fort, Established, 19; Cap- 
 turecf, 19. 
 
 Deliberalions — Colonial Unions, 20. 
 
 Declaration of Rights, 21. 
 
 Dunmore and Patrick Henry in Vir- 
 ginia, 22. 
 
 Declaration of War, 23. 
 
 Declaration of Independence, Committee 
 to Draft, 2}; Committee on. Report, 23; 
 Adopted, 2^; Engrossed and Signed,36. 
 
 D'Arville Expedition, 18. 
 
 Deane, Minister to France, 26. 
 
 Delaware Organized, 27. 
 
 Danbury, Conn., Raided by Tyron, 27. 
 
 D'Estaing Arrives from France, 28; Re- 
 tires to Boston, 28; Leaves Boston for 
 West Indies, 28. 
 
 Darkest Period of Revolution, 30. 
 
 Dollars, Thousand, of Paper Equal to One 
 of Specie, 32. 
 
 Day, The Wonderful Dark, 33. 
 
 Dcmoralizaiion During Period of Organi- 
 zation, 37. 
 
 Departments of the Government Organ- 
 ized, 39. 
 
 Denmark, Treaty with, 35, 55. 
 
 Demara, Battle off, 44. 
 
 Democratic Party's Present Name 
 Adopted, 46. 
 
 Debt, Imprisonment for. Abolished, 46. 
 
 Democrats, 47, 48, 49; Northern, Nomi- 
 nate Douglasand Johnson, 55; Southern, 
 Nominate Breckinridge and Lane, 55. 
 
 Debate, The Great Webster and Hayne,48. 
 
 Doniphan's Expedition in Southern New 
 Mexico, 51, 52. 
 
 Department of Interior Established, 51 ; 
 of Agriculture Established, 63. 
 
 District of Columbia Abolishes Slave 
 Trade, 53, 63. 
 
 Dred Scott Decision, 55. 
 
 DouglasandJohn.sonNominated by North- 
 ern Democrats, 55. 
 
 Dranesvillc, 58. 
 
 Dark Monday (Bull Run Disaster), 59. 
 
 Donaldson, lenn.. Taken, 60. 
 
 Je Russey, Fort, 67. 
 
 Deatonsville, 71. 
 
 Davis, Jeflf., Captured, 72. 
 
 Erie, Ohio, Founded, 17. 
 
 Erie, Fort, Canada, Battle of, 43. 
 
 Erie, Lake, Battle on, 44. 
 
 Er.is, The Three Great, Explained, i ; 
 
 (Outlines of, 7. 
 Explorations, First Period, Explained, 
 
 Dissolution of Parties in Monroe's Time, 4. 
 
 D-niocratic Party lonk its Name, 4. 
 
 Dcnys Discovers Gull of St. Lawrence, 12. Era of Good Feeling, ,, 
 
 (lOOj 
 
Emancipation. Eightli Period, 4, 56; Com- Fishing Cr.tk, Battle of, 31. 
 
 Freucli Fleet at Chesapeake Bay, 32; 
 I Frencli War, Quasi, 40. 
 ;Fu.;i ive Slave Bill, The First, 39. 
 
 Fugitive Slave Bill of 1850, 53. 
 IFuliun's First Steamboat, 41. 
 (Federalists, 38; Anti-Federalists, 38. 
 [i'ederal Party, Dissolution of, 45. 
 
 Frenchtown, Rlich., Battle of, 43. 
 
 pensated, Enacted, 63; of Fii^^un e Slaves, 
 
 63; Proclamation, 60. 
 Esquimaux, 11. 
 European Explorations, 12. 
 English Explorations, 12; Settlements, 13. 
 Elizabeth, First Settlement in N. J., 13. 
 Espejo Settled Same Fe, 13. 
 Extension, O.itliiieof, i.\. 
 Educational Exten.Mou of Early Colonies,! Fiii.iiii.ia! DepreSbiun, 45 ; Revolution, 55. 
 
 Explorations, French, 17. 
 
 Expedition, Nova Scotia, 18; Canada, 18. 
 
 English Revolution of 88, 18. 
 
 England. War of Spanish Succession, 18; 
 .■\cadia Ceded to, 18; King George's 
 War, 18; War wii ti, Declared, 4^; Pays 
 for Deported Slaves, 46; Recognizes 
 SouthernConfederacy as Belligerents, 57. 
 
 Expedition, First, Against Louisburg, ip; 
 Second, Against Loiiisbur:,', ig; Louis- 
 burg, i8; D'Arville, 18; St. Augustine, 
 18; Appalachian, 18; Port Royal, 18; 
 Canada, 18. 
 
 Expulsion of French, ig. 
 
 English Capture Ticoiideroga, i q ; Crown 
 Point, 19; Fort Niaaara, lo; Montreal, 
 19; Canada, 19; Kidnap Acadians, ig; 
 Ordersin Council Repealed. 42 ; Second, 
 War, 43; Parliament Abandon Riyht of 
 Search, 55. 
 
 Evacuation of Boston, 22; of New York 
 City, 25; of Philadelphia by British, 28. 
 
 English Commissioners Offer Terms of 
 Peace, 29. 
 
 Egg Harbor, N. J., 30. 
 
 Eutaw Springs, Battle of, 31. 
 
 Election, First Federal, 37; First Presi- 
 dential, by House of Representatives, 40. 
 
 Evidence, Color no Impediment to, 63. 
 
 Embargo Act, 41. 
 
 Electro Telegraph, Bill to Test, 50. 
 
 Education, Department of, Organized, 74. 
 
 Ellsworth, De.Tth of, 58. 
 
 Early's R.iid up the Shenandoah, 69 
 
 Exposition, Centennial, 75, 
 
 Elections, Table of Presidential. Appen- 
 dix D. 
 
 Federalization. Sixth Period Explained, 3. 
 
 Florida Conglomeraie, Fossil Man, 11; 
 Explored by Ponce de Leon, 12 ; Indians, 
 11; Battle off Coast,44 ; Purchased, 45; 
 Secedes, 55, 
 
 Fort Ancient, 11. 
 
 French Explorations, 12, 17; Aggression, 18. 
 
 Franklin, Pa., Founded, 17. 
 
 France. War ot Spanish Succession, 18 ; 
 King George's War, iS; Cedes all Ter- 
 ritory, ig 
 
 French Expulsion, ig ; French and IndianiGeorgia Secedes, 55 
 
 Free Suilors, 47, 53,54, 55. 
 'Free Sml Party Organized, 51. 
 
 Fremont's Coi quest of California, 51, 52; 
 Nominated President of Republican 
 Party, 5:); Nominated by Radical Con- 
 vention, 70; Crisis of '73, 75. 
 
 Filibustering Expeditions, Walker's, 54. 
 
 France Recognizes Southern Confederacy 
 a^ Belligerents, 57. 
 
 Fortress Monroe, Butler at, 58. 
 
 Fair Oaks 61. 
 
 Frazier's Farm, 61. 
 
 Fredericksburg, 6i. 
 
 Farragut and Butler Take New Orleans,62 
 
 Falling Waters, 65. 
 
 Forrest's Raid, 67. 
 
 Fj;anklin, Tenn.,68. 
 
 Fisher's Hill, 69. 
 
 Fort Fisher, N. C, 71. 
 
 Five Forks, 71. 
 
 Freedmen Bureau Bill, 74. 
 
 Garrison, Wm. L., 4; Imprisoned in Balti- 
 more, 48 ; Issues First Number of Liber- 
 ator, 48. 
 
 Genius of Universal Emancipation, 4. 
 
 Geological Remains of Man in America,ii. 
 
 Gosnold Discovers Massachusetts Coast,i2 
 
 Grijalva Explores Mexico, 12. 
 
 Georgi.T First Settled, 13. 
 
 Georg 's. King, War, 18. 
 
 Great Ivloadows, Battle of, 19. 
 
 Gerry, Chairman of Committee of Treas- 
 ury Department, 23. 
 
 Governments, Colonies Recommended to 
 Establish, 23. 
 
 Germantown, Battle of, 25. 
 
 Georgi.a Organized, 27. 
 
 Gates Campaign, 31. 
 
 Guilford C. H., Battle of, 31. 
 
 Governmt nt of Confederation, 32. 
 
 Genet, Citizen, Minister from France, 39. 
 
 Ghent, Treaty with, 42. 
 
 Georgia Defies the Government, 46. 
 
 Garri.->un and Lundy Join Hands, 46. 
 
 Gag Resolution. Pinckney's, 48. 
 
 Giddings, J. R., Censured, 50; 
 elected, 50. 
 
 Gold Discovered in California, 51. 
 
 Gadsen Purchase, 54. 
 
 Re- 
 
 War, 19 
 
 Franklin, Ben, Post-Master General, 23; 
 Chairman Secret Committee, 23 ; Min- 
 ister to France, 26; Secures Aid from 
 France, 27; Period, Outlines of, 24,25,26. 
 
 Fort Washington Surrendered, 25. 
 
 Fort Lee Evacuated, 25. 
 
 Fire, Great One in New York, 27. 
 
 Fair Haven, Conn., Burned, 30, 
 
 (lUi) 
 
 Gun, First, Fired in Civil War, 58. 
 
 Gaines' Mill, 61. 
 
 Grierson's Raid from La Grange, Miss., 
 to B;iton Rouge, La., 0(.. 
 
 Georgia and 1 ennessee Campaign, 64. 
 
 Gettysburg, 65. 
 
 Grant Appointed Lieutenant-General, 67; 
 Joins Butler Before Petersburg, Gg; and 
 Lee at Appomattox C. H., 71; Sur- 
 
render of Lee to, 72 ; 
 of, 75- 
 GriswulU, 68. 
 
 Hudson Discovers Hudson River, 12. 
 
 Holmes First Settles Connecticut, 13. 
 
 Hayti, First Colony in New World, 13. 
 
 Haverhill, Mass., Massacre, 18. 
 
 Hancock, John, Sloop Protected, 21. 
 
 Henry, Patrick, and Dunmore in Vir- 
 ginia, 22. 
 
 Howe Evacu:ites New Jersey, 25; E 
 barks at New York for Philadelphia, 25 ; 
 ^t Elkton, 25; Occupies Philadelphia, 
 25 ; in Winter Quarters, in Philadelphia, 
 26; in New York, 28. 
 
 Hudson River Campaign, 26. 
 
 Hancock, John, President of Congress 
 1777, 26. 
 
 Huntington, Samuel, President of Con- 
 gress, 29. 
 
 Hanging Rock, Battle of, 31. 
 
 Hobkirk's Hill, Hattle of, 31. 
 
 Huntington, President of Congress, 32. 
 
 Hanson,John,Presidentof Congress, 32,35. 
 
 Hayne, Col., Execution of, at Charleston, 
 S. C, 33- „ 
 
 Hostilities, Cessation of, 34. 
 
 Hamilton's Report of Public Debt, 39; 
 Murdered by Burr, 41. 
 
 Hartford Convention, 42. 
 
 Harrison, I'resident, 50. 
 
 Huamanhia, 52. 
 
 Hatteras, Fort, N. C, Captured, 58. 
 
 Homestead Law, 59. 
 
 Henry, Fort, Tenn., Captured, 60. 
 
 Harper's Ferry Surrendered, 61. 
 
 Hudson, Port, Surrender of, 64. 
 
 Hooker Relieves Burnside, 65. 
 
 Hood Relieves Johnston, 67; PassesNorth 
 of Chattahoochee, 68. 
 
 Habeas Corpus Act, 66; Writ of. Suspen- 
 sion of, 66. 
 
 Icelandic Tradition, 11. 
 
 Irotiuois Tradition, 11. 
 
 Iroquois Indians, 11. 
 
 Indians, Races of, ii. 
 
 Iceland Discovered by Norwegians, it. 
 
 Intercolonial Wars, 18 
 
 Issues Money, Second Continental Con- 
 gress, 23. 
 
 Independence, Resolution of, by Lee, of 
 Vir.;inia, 23. 
 
 Independence, Declaration of. Committee 
 to Draft, 23. 
 
 Internal Improvement, First, 41. 
 
 Imprisonment for Debt Abolished, 46. 
 
 Internal Improvement and Protection 
 Sanctioned by Both Houses, 46. 
 
 Inauguration of Lincoln, 57. 
 
 Island No. 10 Taken, 60. 
 
 luka. Miss., 60. 
 
 Income Tax Law, 66. 
 
 Impeachment of President Johnson, ^4. 
 
 Indians, Races of, 11; Indians and Icrri- 
 torial Extension, 14; Indians .nnd Roger 
 
 Administration Jackson, President, Disregards States 
 Rigius, 4. 
 
 Ja'nestown Settlement, 13. 
 
 James II. War, 18. 
 
 Jay, John, President of Congress, 29. 
 
 Jefferson Almost Captured by Tarlcton, 
 33; Sent to Europe, 35 ; Administration, 
 41 ; Death, 46. 
 
 Jay s Treaty with England, 39. 
 
 Jackson, Andrew, in Florida, 45; Presi- 
 dent, 46. 
 
 Jackson, Battle of, 64. 
 
 James River Crossed by Jackson, 69. 
 
 Johnston Surrenders t.j Sherman, 72. 
 
 Johnson's Administration, 74; Impeach- 
 ment, 74. 
 
 tCaluschi, 11. 
 
 Kentucky a County of Virginia, 27. 
 
 Kettle Creek, Battle of, 28. 
 
 King's Mountain, Battle of, 31. 
 
 Knyphausen in New York, 31 ; Murders 
 Mrs. Caldwell, 33. 
 
 Kentucky Resolutions of '98 and '99, 40. 
 
 Kearney's Conquest of New Mexico, 51, 52 
 
 Kane's Arctic Expedition, 53; Second, 54. 
 
 Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 54. 
 
 Knoxville Campaign, 64; Burnside Be- 
 sieged at Knoxville, 64; Assault on Knox- 
 ville, 64 ; .Siege of Knoxville Raised, 64. 
 
 Kenesaw Mountain, 67; Abandoned, 67. 
 
 Ku Ktux Klan, 75. 
 
 Lundy, Benj., 4; at Baltimore, 45. 
 
 Lundy and Garrison Join Hands. 46; An- 
 nounces the Plot to Purchase Texas, 46. 
 
 London Company Settle Virginia, 13. 
 
 Lewistown, Massacre of, 14. 
 
 Louisiana Settled, 17. 
 
 Le Boeuf (Waterford, Pa.l Founded, 17. 
 
 Le Boeuf, Fort, Washington's Journey 
 to, 19. 
 
 Louis XIV., 18. 
 
 l.ouisbiirg. First Expedition Against, 19. 
 Second, ig. 
 
 Lexington, Battle of, 22. 
 
 Lee, of Virginia, Resolution of Independ- 
 ence by, 23; Resolution of June 17, 
 .'\doptcd, 23. 
 
 Long Island, Battle of, Howe and Clinton- 
 Putnam, 25. 
 
 Lee, Fort, Evacuated, 25. 
 
 Lauiens, Henry, President of Congress, 
 26, 29. 
 
 Lee, Minister to France, 26. 
 
 La Fayeite Embarks for America, 27 
 Made Major General, 27. 
 
 Louisville, Ky., Founded, 30. 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Founded, 30. 
 
 Lincoln Campaign, 31. 
 
 Laurens Arrives with Money, 32. 
 
 Louisiana Territory Purchased, 41. 
 
 Lewis i Clarke's Exploring Expedition, 41 
 
 La Colle, Can., Battle of, 43. 
 
 Lundy's Lane, Battle of, 43. 
 
 La Fay>-tte. Visit of, 45 
 
 Liberator, First Number Issued, 48. 
 
 Lovejoy, Murder of, 40. 
 
 Williams, 14; Removal and Civilization Lincoln and Hamlin, Republi<rans Nomi 
 
 of Indians Begun, 46. 
 
 (102) 
 
 nate, 55; Elected, 55; In.iuguration of,s7. 
 
Lincoln Nominated at Baltimore, 70; Re-! Missouri Compromise, 45 
 
 \lected,7a; Assassinated by Booth. ;3. ^^:^ro.Do<^n.^^^ 
 
 Louisiana Secedes, 55. 
 
 Lexington, Battle of, 58. 
 
 Lee Retreats, 61 ; Second Northern Inva- 
 sion, 65 ; Surrenders to Grant, 72. 
 
 Legal Tender Act, 63. 
 
 Lookout Mountain Taken, 64. 
 
 Lynchburg, First Expedition a Failure.eg; 
 Second Expedition '' 
 
 Masonic, Anti, Party, 46. 
 
 Mexican War, 51, 52. 
 
 Mexico, Taylor's Campaign of, 51, 52. 
 
 Mexico, Scott in Central, 51, 52. 
 
 Matamoras, Between, and Point Isabel, 
 
 52. 
 Monterey, 52. 
 Molino del Rey, 52. 
 
 Second f^Pfi'";°"A°9' ^^ ^^^-^^^ McDowell in Eastern Virginia, 58 
 Lieutenant-Genera , Grade oi,Kevivea 70 ^ Virtiinia. =;8. 
 
 Louisiana Adopts New Constitution Abol- 
 ishing Slavery, 70. 
 
 Monroe's Administration, 4. 
 
 Miner.of Pennsylvania, Introduces Refor- 
 mation, 4, 46. 
 
 Mound Builders, 11. 
 
 Mexico Explored by Grjalva, 12; Con- 
 quested by Cortez, 12. 
 
 Mississippi River Discovered by De Soto, 
 12; Explored by Marquette and Joliet, 
 17; Explored 10 Mouth by La Salle, 17. 
 
 Magellan FirstCircumnavigates theGlobe, 
 
 Maryland Settled, 13; Organized,27; Rat- 
 ifies Articles of Confederation, 33. _ 
 
 Massachusetts First Settled, 13; Rejects 
 New Constitution, 27; Pronounced Re- 
 bellious, 21 ; Battle off, 44. 
 
 Massasoit, Treaty with, 14. 
 
 May and the Indians, 14. 
 
 Money of Early Colonists, 14; Second 
 
 McClellan in West Virginia, 58. 
 
 MascJn and Slidell Seized, 58. 
 
 Memphis and Nashville Taken, 60. 
 
 Mill Springs, Ky., 60. 
 
 Memphis Surrenders, 60. 
 
 Murfreesboro, Tenn., 60. 
 
 Mechanicsville, 61. 
 
 Malvern, 61. 
 
 Monitor and Merrimac, 61. 
 
 Morgan':. Raid into Ohio, 64. 
 
 Mission Ridge, 64. 
 
 Martinsburg, 65. 
 
 Meade Relieves Hooker, 65. 
 
 Milledgeville Entered, 68. 
 
 Message, First, to the Sea, 68. 
 
 McAllister, Fort, Captured, 68. 
 
 Mine, Explosion of, 69. 
 
 Mobile Occupied by Canby, 72. 
 
 Maximillian, Death of, 74. 
 
 Nationalization. Second Era Explained, 2; 
 Outlines of, q. 
 
 r"'IinltarCo'ngr:risfues'\VTsrued Nltio;^^^^^ Party, Origin of, 4 
 
 ContinentalCongress issues 23, ssueu ,fi. p^^^tv Nucleus of.dc; : Formed 
 
 in 177610 1777,27; 1778,29; Continental 
 32; Paper, Useless, and out of Circula- 
 tion, 33. 
 Manufactories of Early Colonists, 14. 
 Mayflower, First Compact on, 14. 
 Mobile Founded, 17. 
 
 Montcalm Captures Oswego, 19; tort 
 William Henry, 19; Surrenders Quebec 
 to Wolfe, 19. 
 Montreal Captured by English, 19. 
 Mutiny Act, 21. 
 Montreal Surrenders, 22 
 Marine Committee. tm rj 
 
 Massacre, Lewistown, 14; Dover, W. H., 
 Schenectady, N. Y., Salmon Falls Me., 
 Casco Bay, Me., Oyster River, N. H., 
 Haverhill, Mass., 18; Boston, 21 ; Wy- 
 oming, 29; Cherry Valley, 30. 
 Mercer and Miffin, Forts, Battle of, 26. 
 Miffin, Fort, Battle of, 26. 
 Meigs Raids Sag Harbor, L. I., 27. 
 Monmouth, Battle of, 28. 
 Monk's Corner, Battle of, 31. 
 Mutiny of Pennsylvania Troops, 32. 
 Mckean, President of Congress, 32 
 
 ^J, 45, 46; Party, Nucleus of,45; Formed, 
 
 46 ; Merges into Whig, 4?. 
 New Orleans Delta, Fossil Man, 11. 
 Norwegian Discoveries, 11. 
 North Carolina First Settled, 13; Adopts 
 
 Constitution, 27 ; Battle off, 44 ; Secedes, 
 
 57. 
 New Hampshire First Settled, 13. 
 New York First Settled, 13 ; Army at, 22 ; 
 
 Campni^n, 25; Evacuated, 25; Organ- 
 New Amsterdam.First Settlement of,N.Y., 
 
 New Jersey First Settled, 13; Battle off, 
 
 44. 
 Nichol First Settles N. J., 13. 
 Navigation Act, 16. 
 Natchez Founded, 17. 
 New Orleans Founded, 17; Battle of, 43; 
 
 Taken by Farragut and Butler, 62. 
 Nova Scotia Expedition, iP. 
 Necessity, Fort, Surrender of, 19. 
 Niagara, Fort, Shirley's p'.xpedition 
 
 Against, 19 ; Captured by English, 19. 
 New England Confederation, 20. 
 
 ^'"^n^l^ofV^r:, S"k^^uE:r:|S::ioI N^i^d'i^neen United Colonies. 
 
 ized, 32 ; Robert, Maintains the Army, 32 
 Maumee, Battle with Indians on, 39. 
 Message, First Written Presidential, 40- 
 
 National Flag Adopted, 27. _, . . . 
 Newport, R. I., Occupied by British, 27. 
 
 Messaire r irst vv ritten r^resiucuiiai, ^n.'. h^' ^ •■!'"■•,>-•, u '-o a 
 
 fir^n.^Thomas, President of Congress,35. New BedforCon,.^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Meigs, Fort, Battle of, 43 
 McHenry, Fort, Battle of, 43. 
 Massachusetts Bay, Battle of, 44. 
 Maine, Coast of, Battle off, 44- 
 Madeira Islands, Battle off, 44. 
 
 (103) 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., Founded, 30; and Mem- 
 phis Taken, 60; Occupied, 60; Cam- 
 paign, 68. 
 
 Neutrality, Proclamation of, 39. 
 
 Nullification: Kentucky ResoKitions of 
 
'gS, '99, 40; Virginia Resolutions of '98, Philadelphia Campaign, 25 
 
 Philadelphia Saved, 25; Lost, 25; Evac- 
 
 40, 48 
 N.ivy Department Organized, 40. 
 No i-Iiitcrcourse Act, 41. 
 N.iiioii:il Bank Incorporated, 42. 
 North Point, Md., Battle of, 43. 
 Newfoundland, Battle off, 44. 
 National Liberty Party Formed, 49 
 
 New Mexico, Kearney's Conquest of, 51,52 Penobscot Expedition a Failure, 30. 
 New Mexico, Doniphan's Expedition in Patriotism at its Lowest Ebb, 30. 
 
 Southern, 51, 52. Prussia, Treaty with, 35. 
 
 Naval Academy Established by Bancroft, Plattsburg, Battle of, 43 
 
 uated by British, 28. 
 Princ ton. Battle of, 25. 
 Prescott Captured, 27. 
 Prisoners, British, Sent to Charlottsville, 
 
 Va., 28. 
 Paul Jones, Naval Conflict, 28. 
 
 51 
 Nashville Secession C)nventio-i, 53. 
 Know-Nothiu'^ or Anierii.-.i.i Party, 54. 
 Norfolk, Va., Surr-nd re.l, Ct\. 
 Ncwburn, N. C, Taken, 62. 
 New Hope Church, 67. 
 
 Protection and Internal 'Improvements 
 
 Sanctioned by both Houses, 46. 
 Plot to Purchase Texas, 46. 
 Pickens Havai;es Cherokee Country, 34. 
 Pincknev's Gag Resolution, 4S. 
 P.inic of '37, 49. 
 
 Naval Expedition Against Mobile, 67 ;i Point Isabel, near, 52. 
 Acainst Fort Fisher, Wilmington, S. C, I Point Isabel, between, and Matamora, 52, 
 
 a Failure, 69. 
 
 Organization. The First Era Explained, 
 
 I ; Outlines of, 8. 
 Organization. Fifth Period Explained, 2 ; 
 
 Outlines of, 37. 
 Oglethorpe First Settles Georgia, 13. 
 OpechancanouL'h's War, 14 
 Oyster River, N. H., Massacre, 18. 
 Oswego Captured by Montcalm, 19. 
 Ordinance of '87, 37. 
 Osceola Captured, 49. 
 Omnibus Rill, Clay's, 53. 
 Oath, IronClad, 59. 
 
 Parties, Dissolution of.in Monroe's Time,4 
 
 Ponce de Leon Explores Florida, 12, 
 
 Pacific Ocean Discovered by Balboa, 12. 
 
 Pacific Coast Explored by Cabrillo, 12; 
 by Drake, 12. 
 
 Plymouth, First Settlement of Massachu- 
 setts, 13. 
 
 Pilgrims First Settle Massachusetts, 13. 
 
 Providence, First Settlement in Rhode 
 Island, 13. 
 
 Pennsylvania First Settled, 13; Organ- 
 ized, 27. 
 
 Penn First Settled Pennsylvania, 13. 
 
 Philadelphia, First Settlement in Penn- 
 sylvania, 13. 
 
 Pequod War, 14. 
 
 Pocahontas Kidnapped, 14. 
 
 Produce of Eaily Colonists, 14. 
 
 Political Extension of Early Colonies, 14. 
 
 Pilgrims at Plymouth, 14. 
 
 Puritans at Boston, 14. 
 
 Provinciation of Colonies, Outline of, 15 
 
 Preparation for Consolidation, 16. 
 
 Provocation to Consolidation, 16. 
 
 Perpetuation of Consolidation, 16. 
 
 Pittsburg ( Fort Du puesne} Founded, 17. 
 
 Port Royal Expedition, 18. 
 
 Pontiac War, 19. 
 
 Paris, First Treaty of, 19. 
 
 Parliament Pronounces Massachusetts 
 Rebellious, 21. 
 
 Paine's Common Sense, 22. 
 
 Post-Office De artment, Ben Franklin, 
 Post-Master General, 23. 
 
 Petition, Second and Last, to the King, 23 
 
 Palo Alto, 52. 
 
 Paraguay, Tre ty with. 55. 
 
 Peace Convention at Washington, 55. 
 
 Portugal Recognizes Southern Confeder- 
 acy as Belligerents, 57. 
 
 Philippi, McClellan at, 58. 
 
 Port Royal, S. C, Taken, 58. 
 
 Parly, 1 he Union War, 59. 
 
 Prestonburg. Ky., 60. 
 
 Pittsburg Landing, Sliiloh, Tenn., 60. 
 
 Perryville, Ky.,.6o. 
 
 Port Republic, 61. 
 
 Pulaski, Fort, 62. 
 
 Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Estab- 
 lished, 63. 
 
 Polyiramy, Anti, Act, 61. 
 
 Property, Rebel, Confiscated, 63. 
 
 Port Gibson, 64. 
 
 Palmer's Demonstration Against Dallas, 
 Ga., 67. 
 
 Plc^^sant Hill, 67. 
 
 Pailucah, Ky., Forrest's Raid, 67. 
 
 Pillow, Fort, Massacre. 67. 
 
 Proclamation, Emancipation, 66. 
 
 Proclamation, Amnesty, 66. 
 
 Postal Money Order System Established, 
 70. 
 
 Peace Negotiations, Niagara Falls, 70. 
 
 Peace Negotiations by Jacijues and Gil- 
 more, 70. 
 
 Petersburg, Attack on, 71. 
 
 Petersburg and Richmor.d, Occupation 
 of, 71. 
 
 Pacific Railroad, 75. 
 
 Presidents, Table of, 76. 
 
 Quebec, Oldest Settlement in Canada, 13; 
 Siege of, 22. 
 
 Qviccn Anne's War — Second Intercolo- 
 nial, 18. 
 
 Queenstown, Can., Battle of, 43. 
 
 Quaker Road, 71. 
 
 Reformation. The Third Era Explained, 
 4 ; Outlines of, 10. 
 
 Reorganization. Ninth Period Explained,4 
 
 Rhode Island First Settled at Provi- 
 dence, 13. 
 
 Rhode Island, Battle of, 28. 
 
 Religious Extension of Early Colonies, 14. 
 
 (104) 
 
Raynebault Explores Lake Superior, 17. 'Social Extension of Early Colonies, 14. 
 
 Rosalee (Detroit) Founded, 17. 
 
 Ryswick, Treaty of, 18. 
 
 Revolution, English of '88, 18. 
 
 Revenue Act on Teas, etc., 21. 
 
 Riot, New York, 21. 
 
 Money in Philadelphia, 30. 
 
 Revenue Act of '65 Repealed, 21. 
 
 Randolph, Peyton, President Second Con- 
 tinental Congress, 23. 
 
 Revolutionists Pronounced Rebels, 23. 
 
 Retreat, Memorable, Across the Sound to 
 New York, 25. 
 
 Retreat throughNew Jersey to Newtown, 
 Pa., 25. 
 
 Ratification of Articles of Confederation, 
 
 30- 
 
 Rocky Mount, Battle of, 31. 
 
 Revenue, Cali^ upon the States for, 35. 
 
 Repudiation, 37. 
 
 Russia Treaty, 35. 
 
 Republicans, National, 38, 45, 46. 
 
 Reformation in the House Started by 
 Miner, of Pennsylvania, 46. 
 
 Rotation in Office Inaugurated, 48. 
 
 Right of Search Abandoned by English 
 Parliament, 55. 
 
 Resaca de la Palma, 52 
 
 Republican Party, Organization of, 54. 
 
 Republicans Nominate Lincoln and Ham- 
 lin, 55- 
 
 Rich Mountain, McClellan at, 58. 
 
 Richmond, Advance, 61. 
 
 Roanoke Island, 62. 
 
 Raymond, 64. 
 
 Rio Grande Expedition, 65. 
 
 Riot in Baltimore, 59. 
 
 Riot Draft, 66. 
 
 Red River Expedition, Banks', 67. 
 
 Resaca, Ga., 67. 
 
 Rome, Ga., 67. 
 
 Reconstruction Bill Passed, 70. 
 
 Rowant.a Creek, Va., 71. 
 
 Richmond and Petersburg, Occupation 
 of, 71. 
 
 Reconstruction, Outline of, 73. 
 
 Reorganization, Outline of, 73. 
 
 Reconstruction Act, 74. 
 
 Reconstruction Complete, 75. 
 
 Separation. Fourth Period Explained, 2; 
 Outlines of, 24. 
 
 Separation Enforced, 24 ; Recognized, 34,35 
 
 Slave Power, 3. 
 
 St. Lawrence Discovered by Denys, 12. 
 
 St. Lawrence River Discovered by Car- 
 tier, 12. 
 
 Spanish Explorations, 12, ; Settlements,i3. 
 
 Settlements, Outline of, 13. 
 
 St. Marys, First Settlement in Maryland, 
 
 ^^• 
 South Carolina First Settled, 13. 
 Sanannah, First Settlement in Georgia, 13. 
 Swedes First Settle Delaware, 13. 
 Swedes and Indians, 14. 
 St. Augustine, Oldest Colony in United 
 
 States, 13. 
 Santa Fe, Oldest Colony in the West, 13. 
 Smith and Indians in Virginia, 14. 
 Susquehannas, War of the, 14. 
 
 (105) 
 
 Stamp Act, 16. 
 
 Superior, Lake, Explored, 17. 
 
 Schenectady, N. Y., Massacre, 18. 
 
 Salmon Falls, Me., Massacre, iS. 
 
 Spanish Succession, War of, 18. 
 
 St. Augustine Expedition, iS. 
 
 Shirley's Expedition Agiiinst Fort Niag- 
 ara, i8. 
 
 Spain cedes Florida to England, 19. 
 
 Stamp Act Congress, 21. 
 
 Stamp Act, Repeal of, 21. 
 
 Separation Declared, 22. 
 
 Siege of Quebec, 22 ; Charleston, 22. 
 
 Saratoga, Battle of, 16. 
 
 Surrender of Burgoyne, 26. 
 
 Sag Harbor, R. 1 , Raid on, 27. 
 
 Savannah, B.Utle of, 28; Held, 28. 
 
 Sunbury, Ga., Battle of, 28. 
 
 Stone Ferry. S. C, Battlf of, 28. 
 
 South Carolina, First Constitution, 30; 
 Rebels, 48; Secedes. 55. 
 
 Stony Point, N. Y., Captured by British, 
 30; Battle of, 30. 
 
 Sanders' Creek, Battle of, 31. 
 
 Springfield, N. J., Battle of, 31. 
 
 Soldiers, Pennsylvania, Threaten Con- 
 gress, t,^.^ 
 
 Savannan Evacuated by British, 34. 
 
 Shay's Rebellion, 37. 
 
 Slave Trade, Foreign, Abolished, 41. 
 
 Steamboat, Tlie First, 41. 
 
 Sweden Treaty, 35. 
 
 Spain, Treaty with, 35. 
 
 Steamer, First Ocean, Crossed Atlantic, 42. 
 
 Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 43. 
 
 Stephenson, Fort, Battle of, 43. 
 
 San Salvador, Battle off, 44. 
 
 Society Colonization, 45. 
 
 Stars and Stripes on United States Flag 
 Legalized, 45. 
 
 Slavery, First Claims that Congress Should 
 Support, 45. 
 
 Slaves, Deported, Paid for by England, 46 
 
 Slavery, War for Support of (Second 
 Seminole), 48. 
 
 Slavery, First Secession on Account of, 49. 
 
 Slave Power, Culmination of, 49. 
 
 Slaveholders' Last Threat of Violence, 50. 
 
 Shaver. Prohibited in 'i erritories, 51. 
 
 Slave Trade Abolished in District of 
 Columbia, 53, 63. 
 
 Slaves, Fugitive, Army Forbidden to Sur- 
 render, 59, 63. 
 
 Slaves, Fugitive, Emancipated, 63. 
 
 Slave, Fugitive, Act Repealed, 70. 
 
 Slave Trade, Coastwise, Prohibited, 70. 
 
 Seminole War, Andrew Jackson in Flor- 
 ida, 45. 
 
 Second Seminole War, 48. 
 
 State Rights Resolution, Calhoun's, 48. 
 
 Surplus Revenues Distributed, 48. 
 
 Secession, First, 49. 
 
 Secession Convention, Nashville, 53. 
 
 Secession Begun, 55. 
 
 Secede, South Carolina,Alabama, Florida, 
 Georgia, Lonisana,T xas, Mississippi, 55, 
 
 Secession, 56, 57; Completed, 57. 
 
 Southern Confederacy Organized, 55. 
 
 Sub-Treasury Bill Passed,49; Repealed,5o 
 
Scott in Central Mexico, 51, 52. 
 Smithsonian Institution Established, 51. 
 
 Squatter Sovereignty, 53, 54. 
 
 Sumner, Chas., Elected to United States 
 Senate, 53. 
 
 Sumner Assaulted by Brooks, 54. 
 
 Spain Recognizes Southern Confederacy 
 as Belligerents, 57. 
 
 Sumter, Fort, Fall of, 58. 
 
 Slidell and Mason Seized, 58. 
 
 Shiloh, Tenn (Pittsburg Landing), 60. 
 
 Shenandoah Valley, Jackson's Division 
 in, 61 ; Early's Raid up the, 69. 
 
 Seven Days' Battle, 61. 
 
 Savages' Station, 61. 
 
 South Mountain, Md., 61. 
 
 Sabine Pass, Tex., 65. 
 
 Sherman's Campaign from Vicksburg, 
 Miss., to Meridian, Ala., 67. 
 
 Sherman's March to the Sea, 68. 
 
 Sherman Invests Savannah, 68. 
 
 Sherman Received on Gunboat, 68; En- 
 ters Savannah, 68; Crosses the Savan- 
 nah River, 71; Occupies Columbia, S.C., 
 71; Occupies Wilmington, N. C, 71; 
 at Goldsborough, N. C , 71. 
 
 Sherman Joined by Terry and Schofield, 
 71 ; Occupies Raleigh, N. C, 72. 
 
 Sherman, Johnson Surrenders to, 72. 
 
 Sabine Cross Roads, 67, 
 
 Spottsylvania C. H , 69. 
 
 Sanitary Fair, Philadelphia, 70. 
 
 Sheridan Captures Early's Army, 71. 
 
 Steadman, Fort, 71. 
 
 Smith, K.irby, Surrenders Texas forces, 72. 
 
 San Domingo Question, 75. 
 
 States, Table of Settlement and Admis- 
 sion, 77. 
 
 Tariff a National Question, 4; The First, 
 Act, 38 ; of 1816, Renewal of, 45 ; of 1824, 
 45 ; of 1828, 48 ; of 1832, 48 ; of 1833, " ■ 
 of 1842, 50. 
 
 Tariff Hill, Morrill, Final Triumph of Pro- 
 tection, 55, 
 
 Tariffs, 59. 
 
 Table Mt. Cal 
 Fossil Man, 11 
 
 Territorial Extension of Colonies, 14 
 
 England (Second Treaty of Paris), 35; 
 Sweden, Denmark, Spaiu, Russia, Prus- 
 sia, 35; Jay's with England, 39; With 
 France, 1800, 40; Monroe-Pinkney sup- 
 pressed by Jefferson, 41 ; of Ghent, 42; 
 With England, 50; Mexico, 51; Eng- 
 land, 51; Paraguay, 55; England for 
 Suppression of Slave Trade, 63. 
 
 Tenor, The New, 32. 
 
 Troops P'urnished by Colonies, 36. 
 
 Tarleton almost captures Jefferson, 33. 
 
 Tripolilan War, .40. 
 
 Tippecanoe, Battle of, 42. 
 
 Thanksgiving, 33. 
 
 Thames, Can., Battle of, 43. 
 
 Texas, First Attempt to Annex, 49; An- 
 nexation of, a Party Issue, 50; Annexa- 
 tion of, so ; Secedes, 55 ; Forces Surren- 
 dered by Kirby Smith, 72. 
 
 Tyler Vetcs His Own Bill, 50. 
 
 Telegram, First, from Baltimore to Wash- 
 ington, 50. 
 
 Taylor's Campaign in Northern Mexico, 
 51, 52 ; Death of President, 53. 
 
 Tennessee Secedes, 57. 
 
 Trent Affair; Seizure of Mason and Sli- 
 dell, 58. 
 
 Tennessee and Georgia Campaign, 64. 
 
 Tenure-of-Office Act, 74. 
 
 Tax, Income, Law, 66. 
 
 Taylor's Bridge, Va,, 69. 
 
 Taylor .Surrenders lo Canby, 72. 
 
 Telegraph, Ocean, 74. 
 
 Utrecht, Treaty of, iS. 
 
 "Uncle Tom's Cabin" Published, 53. 
 
 Ves 
 
 Locality of Pliocene, 
 
 espuciiis, Americus,from Whom America 
 Was Named, 12. 
 Verrazzain Discovers Coast from Wilming- 
 , ton to Nova Scoiia, 12. 
 ;lVincennes, Ind., Founded, 17. 
 iVenango (Franklin), Pa., Founded, 17. 
 Virginia, Settlement of, 13 ; Forms County 
 of Kentucky, 27 ; Forms County of Illi- 
 nois, 30 ; Plundered by Matthews, 30; 
 Ravaged by Arnold, 33; Resolutions of 
 Nullification, 40; Secedes, 57. 
 Vermont Negotiates with British, 33. 
 
 lerritoriai cxieusiuu ui v..u.uiii>.=, .^. ■-■ r,^ , „ 1 • 
 
 Toleration, Religious, The First by Cath-i Valparaiso Harbor, Battle in, 44 
 
 olics, 14. 
 
 Tuscaroras War, 18. 
 
 Territorial Dispute, 19; Boundaries, 19. 
 
 Ticonderoga, Abercrombie's Expedit.on 
 Against, 10; Captured by English, 19; 
 Capture of, 22. 
 
 Troops Ordered to Boston, 21. 
 
 Tompson, Chas., Secretary Second Con- 
 tinental Congress, 23. 
 
 Thirteen United Colonies, Nation N.amed, 
 23. 
 
 Treasury Department, Gerry, Chairman 
 of Committee, 23. 
 
 Trenton, Battle of, 25 
 
 Van Buren, President, 49. 
 
 Vera Cruz, 52. 
 
 Volunteers, Call for. Authorized, 59; Cajl 
 for 75,000 for Three Months, 59 ; Presi- 
 dent Calls for 82,748,59; 500,000, 59; 
 100,000, 66 ; 300,000, 66. 
 
 Vicksburg, First Attack on, 60; Reduc- 
 tion of, 64; Invested, 64; Assault on, a 
 Failure, 64 ; Siege of, 64 ; Surrender of, 
 64. 
 
 Vallandin^ham Arrested, 66. 
 
 Whig Party Preceded by National Re- 
 |)ublicaii, 4; Nucleus of New Party, 45. 
 
 ircnion, uaiiic 01, .^3. ,,,' ■ '^ t, r j o. 
 
 Tvron Raids on Danbnry, Conn., 27 ; Wings, 47, 50, 5'. 52 ; Party formed 48 , 
 
 4,. , /^ .:_... T^...l.r». Tvlcr nnt n Whlp^An! Warn 
 
 Plunders Connecticut, 30 
 Treaty of Utrecht, 18; Aix la Chapelle, 
 
 Declare Tyler not a Whig, 4(); Warn 
 People of a Scheme to Annex 'iexas, 50; 
 
 reaty 01 uirccm, 10, .niA .a v,..„pY..'-> ""I ;: •. , . ■ 
 
 i8- Ryswick,i8; First of Paris,i9; With Defeated by Abolitionists, 50. 
 France 2g- With Cherokees and Creeks Welsh Discoveries, II. 
 by Georgia 34; France, 35; Holland, 35; Windsor, First Settlement in Conn., 13. 
 ' (lOtj) 
 
Williams, Roger, First settled R. 1., 13. 
 
 Williams, Ro^er, and Indians, 14. 
 
 Wilmington, First Settlement of Del., 13. 
 
 Writs of Assistance, 16. 
 
 Waterford, Pa., Founded, 17. 
 
 William's, King, War, 18. 
 
 Washington's Journey to Fort Le Boeufjig 
 
 William Henry, Fort, Captured by Mont- 
 calm, 19. 
 
 Wolfe Captures Quebec, 19. 
 
 Williamsburg Declaration, 22. 
 
 Washington chosen Commander-in-Chief, 
 23; Crosses the Delaware, 25 ; at Valley 
 Forge, 25 ; Moves to Middlebrook, 25 : 
 Passes through Philadelphia, 25 ; Winter 
 Quarters at Valley Forge, 26; Author- 
 ized to Organize an Army, 27; at White 
 Plains, 28; in Winter Quarters at Valley 
 Forge, 28; in Winter Quarters at Mor- 
 ristown, N. J., 28 ; Refuses a Crown, 34; 
 Dissuades HisOfificersfrom Threatening 
 Congress, 34; Farewell to His Officers, 
 34; Resigns, 34; Farewell Letters to 
 the States, 36 ; Administration, 39 ; Fare- 
 well Address, 39 ; Death of, 40. 
 
 War, Pequod, 14; Opechancanough's, 14; 
 Susquehannps, 14; New York Indian, 
 14; Intercolonial, 18; King William's,i8 ; 
 Queen Anne's, 18; Spanish Succession, 
 18; Tuscaroras, 18; Yamasses, 18; King 
 George's, 18; French and Indian, 19; 
 Pontiac, 19; Quasi French, 40; Tripoli- 
 tan, 41 ; Declaration of, with England, 
 42 ; With England Closed by I'reaty of 
 Ghent, 42 ; Algerine, 42 ; Second Eng- 
 
 lish, 43 ; Seminole, First, 43 ; Seminole, 
 Second, 48; Mexican, 51, 52; With 
 Brighara Young, 55; Civil, 56; First 
 Year, 58, 59 ; Second Year, 60, 61, 62, 63 ; 
 Third Year, 65, 66; Union, Party, 59; 
 Seminoles, 45. 
 
 White Plains, Battle of, 25. 
 
 Washington, Fort, Surrendered, 25. 
 
 West Indies, British Troops Sent to, 28. 
 
 Wyoming, Massacre of, 30. 
 
 Waxhaw, Battle of, 31. 
 
 Whitney's Cotton Gin, 39. 
 
 Whisky Insurrection, 39. 
 
 Washington, D C, Chosen as Seat of 
 Capitol, 39; Capitol Removed to, 40; 
 in Danger, 61 ; Enemy Before, 69. 
 
 West Point Academy, 42. 
 
 Webster and Hayne, 48. 
 
 Webster, Death of, 52. 
 
 Walker's Filibustering Expedition, 54. 
 
 Williamsburg, 60. 
 
 Winchester, 65, 69. 
 
 Wilderness, 69. 
 
 Weldon Railroad, Attack on, a Failure, 69 ; 
 Second, a Success, 69. 
 
 Wilson's Raid, 69. 
 
 X. Y. Z. Mission, 40. 
 
 Yucatan Explored by Cordova, 12. 
 
 Yamasses War, 18. 
 
 York (Toronto), Can., 43. 
 
 Young, Brigham, United States at War 
 
 with, 55. 
 Yorktown, Va., Taken, 61. 
 
 (107) 
 
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 under appropriate heads, and a list of test words in Spelling, and other 
 miscellaneous matter of value. 
 
 In connection with the outlines are given references to the best text- 
 books in use and also to many larger works on the subjects and to many 
 works of a miscellaneous nature, which are found in libraries, both 
 public and private. This is one of the valuable features of the work. 
 It will lead the pupil out into the living pastures of knowledge and stim- 
 ulate within him a desire to search further for truth. 
 
 By the use of this book different members of the class may have 
 different authors. No need of a uniformitv in text-books except in Readers. 
 Correspondence solicited. Address 
 
 . C2) J E. SHERRILL, Danville, Ind, 
 
SOMETHING NEW. 
 
 GRlMim MADE UTTIIe AND INIERESIIISG. 
 
 UWcc Up Yoiir Dull Graviviar Class by Using 
 
 THE "NORMAL lEACHER'TARSIXG BOOK 
 
 This little book contains forty-eight blank pages ruled and arranged 
 for WriiUn Parsing Lessons, and several pages reading matter, consisting 
 of Programmes and models for parsing every part of speech, and for the 
 analysis of sentences. Rules for distmguishing the different parts of 
 speech in difticult cases, an explanation of the construction of Infinitives 
 and Participles and the Relative Pronoun. In short, a showing up, in 
 convenient form, of the difficult points in Grammar besides the rules of 
 Syntax, explanations and models fcr diagraming sentences, and other 
 matter, all of wliich every teacher who knows anything about teaching 
 Grammar, will recognize at once as the most convenient thing imagin- 
 able to have in connection with the exercise book for use in the prepara- 
 tion of lessons. No one but the live teacher of Grammar knows the time 
 and labor required in jiutling these forms and models on the board from 
 day to day. 'I'he book is by no means a treatise on Grammar, but is 
 simply matter arranged for the convenience of the pupil and to save the 
 time of the Teacher. Ncm-.-il Teachers will want this little book in their 
 schools at once, ar.d all who have had, or are having trouble in teaching 
 Grammar would do well to adopt it also. It ought to be in use in every 
 Grammar class in the land. "VVhy? 
 
 1. Because by its use you can secure regularity and order in the pre- 
 paration of parsing lessons- and steer clear of the olil haphazard, hit or 
 miss style of recitation which makes Grammar "so dull and uninteresting.'' 
 
 2. It cultivates systematic habits, is a drill in punctuation, penman- 
 ship and neatness, and gives pupils something to do, 
 
 3. The use of written lessons gives great life and interest to the reci- 
 tation through the comparisons, criticisms, etc. 
 
 4. By having the exercises corrected each day where mistakes have 
 been made, the pupil has his work preserved to him in permanent form, 
 
 or future reference. 
 
 5. Good teachers do not pretend to teach parsing, analysis, etc., in 
 any other way than by the use of written lessons, to avoid waste of time, 
 secure promptness and certainly of preparation. And all will prefer the 
 parsing book from the fact that it is sold far cheajjcr than the blank 
 paper can be bought at book stores. When these points are taken into 
 consideration all must favor the immediate adoption of the book. Retail 
 pricCj 20c per co]iy. 
 
 Samples to teachers, for examination, with a view to introduction into 
 s chools 15c. 
 
 Introductiory rates by the quantity.: 6 copies for $1.00; 12 copies $1 75, 
 14 copies $2.00; 20 copies ?2. 25, 25 copies $2.50. Order at once. Address 
 J. E. SHERRILL, Proprietor "Normal Teacher" Puhlishing House, 
 (3} Danville, Ind, 
 
PREPARE FOR EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 8FX:CIAIj JLXXOVNCEMEJiT TO THJE TEACH J JS G PROFESSION 
 
 TEE 1TOB.MAL QTJESTIOI^ BOCS: 
 
 " Prepared expressly for the use of teachers in preparijis; for examinations. 
 
 Contains nearly four thousand questions and answers on the Common 
 school branches, arranged in a systematic and philosophical order. The 
 Questions are such as to bring out the most difficult points in each subject 
 and the answers are taken from the best authorities, with the name ot 
 the author, the page, and paragraph fi-om which each answer is taken. 
 
 The Question* and Answers are classified as follows: 
 
 Questions on Orthogiapliy. 
 
 Answers to Questions on Orthography. 
 
 Questions on Reading. 
 
 Answers to Questions on Beading. 
 
 Questions on Arithmetic. 
 
 Answers to Questions on Arithmetic. 
 
 Questions on Grammar. 
 
 Answer to Quesnons on Grammar. 
 
 Questions on U. S History. 
 
 Answers to Questions on U. S. Histcry. 
 
 Questions on Geograpliy. 
 
 Answers to Questions on Geography. 
 
 Questions on Mathematical Geograjihy. 
 
 Answers to Questions on Mathematical Geography. 
 
 Questions on Physical Gengraphy. 
 
 Answer to Questions on Physical Geography. 
 
 Questions on Physiology. 
 
 Answer to Questi(jns on Physiology. 
 
 Questions on Theory and Practice of Teaching. 
 
 Answer to Questions on Theory and Practice of Teaaking. 
 
 Questions on Civil Gevcrnraent 
 
 Answers to Questions on Civil Government. 
 
 The work was prepared expressly for the use of Teachers in preparing 
 for examinations, and is also adapted to the use of Common Schools, 
 High Schoolsand Institutes for daily, weekly and monthly reviews. With 
 an Appendix, containing outlines of Infinitives, Participles and Analysis 
 in Grammar, Percentage in Arithmetic, Theory and Practice of Teaching, 
 Map Drawing, A Scale of Criticism, A Programme of Studies and Recita- 
 tions, Rules to be observed during Examination, and Hints and Suggestions 
 on the Preparation of Mss. Th/Zr List for the Study of Geography, etc. 
 By far the most complete and valuable work of the kind ever issued from 
 the press. 
 
 We believe that this book is destined to have a greater sale than any 
 other School work yet published. The first edition and all but a few 
 copies of the Second edition were sold before a single copy of the book 
 had been received from the hand of the printer. Orders were received 
 for it from nearly every State and Territory in the Union, from Canada 
 and from England, previous to the day of publication. 
 
 Nicely and elegantly bound in cloth with gilt back and side-stamp 
 printed in superb style on heavy white book paper, and contains 406 
 pp. Pvice, i7«A/ $1.50. 
 
 J E SHEERII,!., 
 
 (4) Danville, Hendricks Co., Ind. 
 
NOW READY ! 
 
 ^- CREATE AN IHTEjEST IH TOUR GLASSES. 
 
 SAVE TIME AND TEACH PENMANSHIP, USE 
 OF CAPITALS AND ABREVIATIONS, 
 DIACRITICAL MARKS, Etc., 
 
 BY USING 
 
 M "NORMAL TEACHER' 
 
 BY O. DALLA.S LIND. 
 
 In addition to the ordinary ruled blank book for writing spelling 
 lessons it will contain the following valuable matter ; 
 
 1. Diacritical marks, their names and explanation of their uses. 
 
 2. The princi,)al available rules for spelling, pronunciation, use of 
 capitals and punctuation. 
 
 3. Hints in teaching spelling. 
 
 4. Model spelling lessons and directious for using the book. 
 FllK'E, 20 <lts. Sample for examination with view to introduction 15 
 
 cts. Introductory rates by the quantity ; Six copies, $1.00 ; 12 copies, 
 $1 75 • 14 copies, $2.00; 20 copies, $2.25 ; 25 copies, |2 25. ORDER 
 AT ONCE. 
 ADDRESS 
 
 J E SHERRILL, Prop'p. 
 
 "NORMAL TEACHER" PUBLISHING HOUSE, 
 
 DANVILLE, INDIANA. 
 
 '^QUEER QUERIES" 
 
 A BOOK FOR THE STUDENT. 
 
 A BOOK FOR THE TEACHER. 
 
 A BOOK FOR EVERYBODY. 
 A COLLECTION OF QUESTIONS ON DIFFERENT BliANClIKS OF STUDY- 
 Tliis system of leaching " tUin»;3 not in tlio bonks" has Uei-ti in iiso in many of the 
 public Bchoula for seviTal years, au<l hiia met with almost unlimited succods in beinf; the 
 Dicuus of inculcating facts and principles into the youthful mind which citn hardly bo 
 impressed upon the memory in any other way. It will lead to investieatious and re- 
 ■earches on the part of tlie student which cannot iifoveotherwlS'' than beneficial. Creates 
 (treat i'lterest in Mclioola, at Institutes, wneiever used. I'rice, 2j cents ; 61.00 per dosen, 
 
 pOHtlllli'l 
 
 Published by the " Nobmai. Teacher" Pl'blisiii.s-o House, Dastille, Ind. 
 (5) 
 
"NORMAL TEACHER" PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Botanical Recokd BnoKS, by Trof. K. H. Holbrook, National Normal Schooli 
 Lebiiuon, Ohio. Paper, price 20 cents. 
 
 This is a hand-field bonk to be used by the pupil whilo examining a plant preparatory 
 to analysis. It embraces the ideas of Prof. Henslow, and is extended and adapted to 
 the practical needs of pupils while studying plants. It has been used for years by the 
 author with thousands of pupils and is very generally used in public schools, normal 
 schools and collegrs with splendid success. 
 
 Herbarium Sheets, by Prof. R. H. Holbrook, National Normal School, Lebanon, 0. 
 
 These are blank sheets foolcap size (with title pa-e and blank fjrm for the description 
 of the plant) on which th plan's, after drying an 1 pressing, are mounted for nreserva- 
 tion. The teacher who does not teach pupils to preserve plants while studying Botany 
 is n farce. TVirse sheets fire in great demand. Price, 25 cents per dozen. Any cf these 
 publications sent p'jstpaid upon receipt of price. 
 
 ScHooT, rTr'^'='TTON-s. By T!. TT"hT Holbrook, As;0ciate Principal National Normal 
 fcicli'iol, Lcbauoa, 0. I'ncj, 7") ceats. 
 
 This little work will revolution-za and refoimme'h ds of teaching (liroughout the 
 nation. It presents briefly but practically tlu latest inventions and discoveries of oce 
 of the most independent and ingenious teachers in America. It is inti nded for teachers 
 of all grades. The country district school teacher will find it practicilly invaluable, 
 while t' oldest and most successful school sup- rintendent will gather from it new and 
 practical ideas that can be applied to renova a and vitalize the oldest graded system. 
 
 OUTT.TVE OP TTTK T/TTE OP .Trsfs. The riiriTST. Bv n. Feber Holbrook, Associate Prin- 
 tipdl National Normal School, Lebanon, 0. I'lice, 75 cnuts. 
 
 Prof. ITnlbrnok has in this little work done every thoughtful Christian, every 
 student and teacher of the New Testamoi t a most invaluable service in givine to the 
 events of the life of Christ, as narrated in the four gospels, such orderly and systematic 
 arrangement as will make its study a now delight. The author of this work is famous 
 for his power of "outlining," that is, of penetrating complex and abtruse subjects with 
 keen , masterly acumen, seizing upou the controlling threads of connection and presenting 
 them distinctly and logically to the ordinary reader. In this work, each event is not 
 only placed in its proper order but the place at which it occurred and reference to the 
 chdpter and verse in which it is mentioned. A thorough index helps to make it in- 
 stantly available. 
 
 Easy Experiments in Chemistet and Philosophy. By G. Dallas Lind, author of 
 " Method of Teaching in Country Schools," and "Normal Outlines of the Common 
 School Branches." Price, 4U tents. 
 
 This book is the result of many years of study in the laboratory with the end in view 
 of (providing cheap modes of illustrating the more important principles of the Sciences 
 of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy. The manuscript has been put to a practical test 
 by classes in the Central Normal College, the students manufacturing the apparatus 
 and performing the experiments according to the instructions here given. Having 
 stood the test of actual use in the class-room it is evident that no higher praise is 
 needed. Write for terms and full particulars. 
 
 Address all orders to the publisher 
 
 J. E. SHERRILL, 
 
 (6) DANVILLE, IND. 
 
THE NORMAL SPEAKER 
 
 BT PHANK P. PRIQQ. 
 
 A Book Suited to the Wants of All, Jrom the Smallest School-Child to the 
 Oldest Reader. 
 
 Do YOU want the mosv eloquent passages ever delivered by our greatest orators? 
 
 Do vou want the most soul-stirnng patriotism? 
 
 Do you want the purest, tonierest, and most ennobling pnthos? 
 
 Po 50U want the most droll, eccentric and ludicrous descriptions and char- 
 acterizations? 
 
 Do you want the richest, rarest and most side-splitting humor? 
 
 Do you waut to arouse a new interest iu literature aud elocution among your 
 pupils? 
 
 Do vou want the cream, the quintessence of all that is suitable for reading or 
 declniming in schools, exhibitions, literary societies, picnics, or in the famil/ or 
 private reading club? 
 
 Buy the Normal Speaker and you will be sure to find in it something 
 that will supply your want. Many persons buy a great number of books 
 in order to get a few first-class selections ; in the preparation of this work 
 the weak and worn out selections have been carefully avoided, giving the 
 MOST REALLY GOOD reading ever offered in one book. Trice, 40 
 cents. 
 
 OUTLINE of"1:locution, 
 
 Compreliensive Mannual of Principles. 
 
 This book Is the only thoronghly simplified and comprehensive self-instructor 
 in Elocation Before the Public. 
 
 The exercises are copious aud explicitly illustrated by striking and pertinent 
 examples. Tlie Outline alone is worth the price of tlie book. The definitions j^tven 
 are models of text-book literature for conciseness and clearness. No one interested 
 in tliis study can afford to be without this great work. It is certainly -imr excellence 
 theleaiJingbook of its class. Tlie twelve brief Essays appended to the work are 
 clear discussions, iu short conversations, of subjects discussed nowhere else lu 
 print. 
 
 All who have followed Trof. Dale in his popular " Talks " on Elocntion in the 
 Normal Teacher during tUe past two years may form some idea of his ability to treat 
 his subject in a pleasing, and at the same time, practical manner. 
 
 The book contains a large number of choice selections arranged tinder two 
 general heads— Teaching Selections and Reading Selections, it will contain no 
 selections not available as a public reading. Kvery selection will be ;a gem. The 
 work will he printed on heavy book jiaper, bound in haudsome style, aud will be 
 Bold at the extremely low price of 81. 50. 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 J. E. SHERRILL, Pu])lishor, 
 
 (7) DANVILLE. IND. 
 
NORMAL PRINCIPLES, 
 
 I'ho most improved Methods of Instruction, Vigorous and Progressive Editorials 
 
 Practical Hints and Helps for the School Room, Letters from Actual and > 
 
 Experienced Teachers, giving iheir Plans for Conducting Reciia- 
 
 tions and Managing Schools, and Notes and Queries, 
 
 are to be found Monthly in 
 
 THE NORMAL TEACHER; 
 
 The only educational periodical in the world devoted to the dissemination of Normal. 
 Principles and to practical school work. It is essentially different from all other 
 school journals, in that it gives those principles of teaching which can be made to work 
 in every school, and by wnich the labor of tne teacher is made pleasant, instead of an 
 irksome task. 
 
 8S8~ Read its leading articles and'see if every one is not full of practical points and 
 BUggestions. 
 
 fi®"Read its vigorous, progressive and spicy Editorial notes, and compare them 
 with the stale and dry news items of other school journals. 
 
 JS^TRead its Grammir Department for the disposition of difiBcult constructions, 
 and practical hints on teaching grammar. 
 
 i^"Read its expositions of Normal Principles" for a clear insight into those 
 elements which made study a pleasure and the work of the school room delightful. 
 
 J3S0"Read its series of articles on the Mental Powers and Their Cultivation, and 
 learn Bomething of the material on which you work. 
 
 fi®"Read its Correspondence and learn the different methods of teaching and gov- 
 ernment practiced by teachers of all grades and classes. 
 
 i3®"Read its Notes and Queries for a fund of valuable and unique information. 
 
 JSSS" Read its Practical Hints and Helps for the School Room, and get the cream of 
 all the practical ideas published in two hundred educational journals. 
 
 80^ Read its instructive Paragraphs for gems of thought and words of cheer and 
 encouragement. 
 
 8®" Read its Educational Miscellany for questions npon which to post yourself for 
 examinations. 
 
 B®"Read its Book Table, and compare its literary notices with those of the leading 
 educational journals of the country. 
 
 A NEW FEATURE. 
 
 We have recently opened a department especially devoted to the preparation of 
 teachers for license. In this department will be published suggestive questions and 
 answers, courses of study for thoHO who desire to prepare themselves for examination, 
 plans and methods of review, hints in regard to preparation of manuscripts, and sug- 
 gestions to be observed during examinations. 
 
 We shall make this department alone worth many times the subscription price to 
 any teacher who expects to go before an examiner. 
 
 The following complimentary notices will show something of its reception hy the 
 teaching public, 
 
 " Normal Teacher" edited and published at Danville, Indiana, by J. E. Sherrill is a 
 monthly in pamphlet form, containing about forty pages each issue, devoted to the art 
 of teaching. It realizes what some of its contemporaries fail to do, that the newspaper 
 is the only proper vehicle of educational netvs, as of all other kind of news, and devotes 
 its space mainly to education-technics. In other words, it aims to be what its name 
 implies, a '• normal teacher." — The Chicago Weekly Journal. 
 
 •'Yesterday I received the October number of the long looked-for Normal Teacher, 
 and I need not tell you that I immediately set about to devour its contents. And a 
 Bweet morsel it was. I am intensely delighted with ' The Teacher. ' I am a regular 
 reader of a number of first-class journals, but find this on par with the best of them. 
 It contains food for all grades of teachers, and I shall most heartily recommend it to 
 the fifty-two teachers under my supervision." • G. H. DESH. 
 
 Supt. Public Schools, Allentown, Pa, 
 
 Thousands of other notices equally complimentary could be given, but these are 
 BufiBcient, We will send the NORMAL TEACHER one year for $1.00. Agents wanted 
 in every school district in the Union, to whom we offer special inducements. Please 
 Bend for our Premium Circular. Specimen copy free. Address 
 
 J. E. SHERRILL, Danville, Hendricks Co., Indiana. 
 
 (8)