aass. Book. SOME PIONEERS Washington County, Pa, A FAMILY HISTORY F. S. READER 1902: Prbss of F. S. Reader & Son, new brighton, pa. 'i. V' '■- p. Puol. 4F'C3 -S'^^n PREFACE. This family history centers iu one of the pioneer fami- lies of Washington county, Pa., Colonel William Wallace and Elizabeth Hopkins, his wife, who were born, reared and married in Montgomery county, Md., and built their home in the wilds of Western Pennsylvania. From this central point the history of the ancestors and descendants o" rAl the families connected with this couple in the United States is given, so far as it has been possible to secure the facts; and it is a typical history of the pioneers generally, who have built up the waste places and made them possible for human habitation. The ancestors of Ck)lonel Wallace were among the pioneers and early settlers of the territory now included in Montgomery county, Md. The facts for the compilation of this history, were obtained from the Court records of Prince George, Frederick, Montgomery and Anne Arundel counties, Md., and Wash- ington county. Pa.; Archives of Maryland, New Hampshire and Pennsylvania; Library of Congress; Col. T. H. S. Boyd's history of Montgomery county, Md.; Hon. Boyd Crumrine's and Alfred T. Creigh's histories, and Baer & Co's Com- memorative 'Biographical Record, of Washington county, Pa.; History of the Early Churches Washington county. Pa.; Virginia Genealogies by Rev. Horace E. Hayden; the Genealogical Collection of John H. Wallace. Esq.. New York: and .such family histories as could be secured. No material has been used without A'eritication by means of all sources of information that could be secured, and every family line and historical statement relating to the families mentioned, is believed to be accurate and reliable. It is simply a family history, and it is hoped will interest and protit those directly interested, and all who are curious to trace family growth. CONTENTS. I. THE WALLACES, MONTGOAIERY COrXTY, MD. Chapter. Page. L Early Settlements — Brothers Lndlstry 1 IL Ellekslie, Scotland-America 7 III. Ja.mes Wallace Family 14 IV. The Hopkins Family 22 \'. William Wallace Family 32 II. THE WALLACES, WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. I. Pioneer Life 37 II. Home and Social Life 46 III. Reyolutionaky Seryick 56 IV. Political Life 60 V. Rentley Family 64 \I Orker (tregc. Families 72 III. REV. JOHN SAIITH FAMILY. I. Key. John S.mith 79 II. Hlgh Scott Family S4 III. S.mith-White Family 88 I\'. Smith -Wallace FA^HLY 93 IV. THE READER FAMILY. I. William Reader 101 II. Reader- Wall ACE T 106 III. JA^^•:s-CHARLES Reader [Marked chap. IV. in error]-- HI 1\'. Henry Reader-George Trumik) 117 \' Francis Reader-Catherine Ja.mes 121 \I. Fkancis Reader-Eleanor B. S.mith 127 I. THE WALLACES, Montgomery County, Md. COAT-OF-ARMS, WALLACES OF ELDERSLIE, SCOTLAND. ARMS. AZ. A LION RAMPANT ARC. WITHIN A BDKHURE, COUNTER COMPONY AKC;. AND AZ. CREST. Ax OSTRICH holding in his BEAK A HORSESHOE PPR. MOTTO. LiBEKTAS Optima Resumi. (Fro.m "Virginia Genealogies," by per- .VIISSION of THE AUTHOR, REV. HORACE E. Hayden>. CHAPTER I. Eakly Skttlements— Bkothkus Indistky The earliest .settlouients in that part of Maryhuul now known as Montgomery county, in which the Wallaces of wliom this history treats were residents, began about 1050, thoiigh the first person to ■ascend the Potomac river to the head of navigation, was the hardy and adventurous fur trader, Henry Fleet, the English navigator, who explored the country in 1(J25. lie descril)ed it as abounding in game, such as deer, buffalos, bears and tin-keys, while the river was full of all kinds of fish, the hunting and fishing for wliich constituted the chief employment of the Aborigines, consisting of the Indian' tribes of Yoacomicos, Anacostians, IMscataways, Senecas and Patuxents, all under control of the six nations. The country was attractive and fertile, and soon after Fleet's visit, prospectois made their way among the Indians and gained their good will, after which settlei's began to enter and make their homes. The first settlements were along the banks of Rock creek, emptying into the Potomac, between Georgetown and Washington. D. C, extending up both banks of the stream as far as Rockville, the county seat. Tlience settlers 2 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. souiilit the Tatuxeiit and coiitiiuied to spread along tlie hanks of this stream as far as Snell's hridge. Then the part of the county lying west of Rock Creek towards the Poto- nKic, and north and east of Rockville, seems to have at- tracted the attention of the settlers, and next came the flat red lands along the I'otomac, in the vicinity of Darnes- town and Poolesville. AnH)ng tlie tirst of recorded patents for land were in ItlSS. lying along Rock Creek, and an evidence of tlie rapid growth of tlie Province of Maryland is seen in the fact. th;it from tlie time of the earliest patents until the patent- ing of Brothers Industry, the ancestral lioine of the Wal- laces, in 17l'2. a large portion of the present Montgomery county was patented. Thi'U followed an era of plenty, peace and liappiness, during wlilcli the ohl tobacco planters witli tiieir baronial estates and armies of slaves, felled the forests and planted tiie virgin soil in tobacco and Indian corn. They feasted and frolicked and fox hunted, making the most of their life, building up a race of lirave and liardy men. whose love of lilterty had much to do with the founding of uur Repul)lic. In less than a century after this denuding of for- ests and exhaustion of soil began, few forests were left and no ne\v lands to till, and then emigration began. From 1700 there «-as an almost constant stream of emigration from the county, to the more fertile cotton tields of the stnitli and the rich new lands of the west. Colonel T. II. 8. P.oyd, from whose history of Mont- gomery county many of the foregoing facts are obtained, says of the settlers of the county: "By examining the EARLY SETTLEMENTS-BROTHERS INDUSTRY. names and titles given the various tracts, it will be found tliat our forefathers were gentlemen of education and re- rinement—they came to the new woi'ld to estaliHsli a conn- try and home, where lil)erty of thought and freedom of speech were to be the fundamental principles upon Avhicli to base their structure." Rev. Horace E. Hayden, author of "Virginia Genealo- gies," says of the earlier settlers of our country, in the pre- face to the work: "New England families are mainly de- scended from forefathers who left the mother country early in the seventeenth centuiy. Those of the middle and south- ern staves, mainly from those who came to America during the third and fourth quarters of that century. * * * * The element that gave being to New England, like that which made permanent colonies of Maryland and Virginia, was composed of the younger sons of titled families, esquires, gentlemen, merchants, yeomen and tradesmen- men of gentle blood. * * * * The j^ounger sons and their descendants whom the law of entail cut off from hereditary estates or the means of sup- port, formed a large proportion of the Virginia colonists of the seventeenth century. * * * * * The religious fervor of the New England settlers, made it a virtue to sever all connection with the mother country before the Revolution. Hence many New England families purposely ignored the English pedigree. The patriotic feel- ing of the Maryland and Virginia colonists during the Revolution led to a similar neglect. Hence it is that this volume contains only two families that show proof of di- rect and ancient lines of descent, i. e., Peyton and Wallace." THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COrXTV, MI). It is claimefl that a colony of ►Scotch people, probably ROUS of the landed gentry described by Rev. Hayden. made a settlement in the last quarter of the seventeenth century, within the limits of wliat is now tlie District of Colund)ia. and called their adopted home "Xew Scotland. '" It is probabU' tliat this colony Mas ;i part of the .ucneral settlement of that section of Maryland, wiiich was coni- ]>osed largely of Scotch. \Yhatever the settlements were, or whatever called, there is no doubt the Wallaces were ' amonj;' them, who claimed to l)e the descendants of the Scotch nobles of that name: and whose conraue and enter- prise led them to seelv in the new world a home for them- selves. wheVe they could carve a name and fortune wortliy their ability and character. ^The first mention of the Wallaces in th(> records of what is now ^lonforomery county. 'SU\.. was August S. IIP*, wlicn James Wallace, merchant, gave a mortgage to John Hide, of London, ami on ;\Iay 8. 3711 deiMp'd certain property to John Hide in payment of the mortgage. August 2."'>. ITIo. James Wallace merchant about to go to England, appointed John P.r.-idford his power of attorney. Xothing further appears in tlie records until ITi'l. when tlie following transaction was recorded, being the founda- tion of the Wallace Homestead of 'JSrotlicrs Industry." whicji has been in part at least, in possession of some one of the Wallace descendants luili! tlie present time, Capt. James Andei-son. a descendant, of Uoclcville, Md., having an interest in it. This tract of land lies ba<-k of Cabin John Bridge, about two miles from where this famous creek enters the Poto- EARLY vSETTLEMENTS-BROTHERS INDUSTRY. luac river, and is a beautiful place, the ground in good con- dition and valualile. The family records of the Wallaces show, that on the Itioad acres of Brothers Industry, the family home of Wil- liam Wallace, son of James Wallace, of perhaps 500 acres, was given the name of Ellerslie, in remembrance of the Wallace home in Scotland, founded more than 500 years before. Tlie following is the entry: "Land Office at Annapolis, Md., Liber I. L. No. A. page 340. Md. ss. : Whereas on the 21st day of the instant, there was a warrant granted me one of his Lordship's land officers, foi"'490 acres of land, be- i)ig due to me b.v nutiee of an assignment to me of that grant of land by Daniel Dulaney of the city of Annapolis Ksq. I do therc'fore for a valuable consideration in hand re- CiMved of William \Yallace. of Prince (4eorge county, plant- ei-. for myself, my heirs and assigns, sell and make over to tlic said Uilliam \^'allace. liis luMrs, executors and acbnin- jstrators. all my right and title, mentioned in the afore- said warrant. Witness my hand and seal this 27th day of December 1721. .lOHN BRADFORD." Und(»i- date of Aju-il 1(>. 1722. William Wallace assigned tins land to James Wallace, and the latter then owned, ac- (•(irding to the Maryland records, three tracts o( land in I'rince George counitv amounting to 1.42!) acres. On the If.tli of Ajti'il 1722. James Stoddard. Deputy Surveyor of PiMiice (George county, signed the following certificate: "l have surveyed all that tract of land called Brothers In- dustry in I'rince George county, vi'/. : 1.429 acres more or less.-' 6 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. It will be observed that the land officer, John Bradford, who sold the land to William Wallace, was the same ap- pointed by James Wallace his power of attorney, when he went to England in 1710. The following record, dated November 1, 172f5, appears in Book M-, Prince George County: "James Wallace, planter, and his wife, Mary, of Prince George county, and WiHi.ini Wallace, planter of said county, having contributed to the expense of surveying a tract of land called Brothers In- dustry, surveyed and granted to said James Wallace, for divers considerations conveys to said William Wallace live hundred acres more or less of said tract." These two brothers were the founders of two families of the name in that county, whose descendants have set- tled in several different states, and proved themselves worthy sons of the Republic. They were all planters and merchants at first, but soon they began to enter the pro- fessions and served as creditably there as in other voca- tions. EARLY SETTLEMExNTS— BROTHERS INDUSTRY. (Read after paragraph three, page four). The lirst record of the ^Vall;u•('s in Maryland was of one Matliew Walhu-e, l»elieved to be the pi'o.uenitor of all tiie AValhices in the State, who came there in the latter l>art of the Seventeenth century, and in 1(;'.>4 was .^ranted a patent for a tract of land in Somerset county. 'Sid., called "Kirkminstei-."" the tirst patent granted to a Wallace in the State. He seems to have had at least three sons, named William. James and Ko))ert. of whom William left a will dated Ki'.KS. In which he names his brothers James an mih's^. south and southeast. of the Wallace lOllerslic home in Montgomery coiiutv. Maryland. The Hopkins Family. Further and more comi)lete investi,i;'ation of the records of Maryland, of the Hopkins families, shows that the families of William Ho])kins and (ierard Hopkins, men- tioned in p-jirajiraphs two and thi'ee of pase twenty-three of this book, were not relateil to the Hopkins family whose history is given. The family of Mathew Hopkins page twenty-fonr. seems to he the one from which .John Hopkins came, and were from County Ayr Scotland. CHAPTER II. Ellerslie, Scoti.axd-Amekica. It is one of the traditions and family tenets of these W'.illaccs tliat tliey are descended from Sir Malcolm Wal- lace of Scotlan. aclaiowledged the authority of Edward I. of Enjiland. and took the usual oath. Maleoim ^ Wallace married Margaret, daughter of Sir Hugh Crawford, of Crosbie, and of this mari'iage tliere were born two sons, according to Dr. Rogers — Malcolm and William the patriot: but according to the Marquis of Bute there were tliree sons— Andrew, William and John— and of these he says: 'They all died by the hands of tlie English— tlie first on the field, and the last two on the scaffold.' William was executed in London, August 28, 1305, and his brother John two years later. The sons of Malcolm were educated chiefly by the monks at the Abbey of Paisley, but a short distance from the castle at Elderslie, and when more advanced, William, at least, was sent to Dundee. Lord Bute says he was thoroughly trained in three languages- Latin. French and his own. The best authorities are agreed that he was born about 1273. He was the son of Malcolm, the son of Adam, the son of Richard second, the son of Richard the Welshman." Continuing Mr. vV^allace says: "Up to this point (close of tlie fifteentli century) we have nothing Imt the names and locations of individuals signed as witnesses to grants of land, etc., called charters. * * * * As a matter of course, the younger or less well known members of families never were called upon to witness charters, and hence their personalities never were known and never can be known. In the four hundred years that rolled away between the birtli of Richard the Welshman and the close of the fifteenth century, there can be no doubt there were hun- lU THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. dreds and biindveds of Wallace men whose names, lot-a- tious, and pursuits can never be found. * * * '-' * * The inheritance of estates under the laws f>f primogeni- ture may have been well suited to the condition of society in the thirteenth century, but it was not an unmixed evil, for it compelled the younger sons of the titled aiul wealthy to strike out for themselves, and in making tlieir own way in tlie world, tliey developed whatever was in tliem. Tliese younger sons of the Wallaces distributed themselves wherever tlieir fancy led— in all employments, pursuits and professions. From these younger sons came the great mer- cliamts. great sailors, great scholars, great teachers, great warriors and great divines. Many of them fell in battle f(»r their country, and not a few died at the stake for their religious convictions. * - * •■ * The rising generation of Wallaces in Scotland, Ireland and America can look back over an unbroken line of in- heritance, historically established, extending to the middle ages, and covering a period of about eight hundred years. To represent this line of descent in strictly genealogical form would reiiuire the naming and plnciiig of about twenty-six successive ancestors in the right male line before Ave reached Sir Richard the Welshman." From the early generations of the Wallace families, he says: "We have considered the foundations from whicli more than forty other families have sprung." Sir William Wallace, son of Sir Malcolm Wallace, mar- ried Marion Braidfoot. and they liad one daughter, who married Williaju Baillie of Hoprig, and became the pro- genitors of the Baillies of Lamiugton, and a long line of descendants. ELLERSLIE, SCOTLAND-AMERICA. 11 An authority on the Wallaces, says: "The Elderslie line was no doubt carried on hy Sir William's brothers, who at death wei'e over marriageable age." In 1390 John Wallace, great grandson of Adam Wal- lace, was in possession of Elderslie, and from John the descent is clear for some seventeen male descendants, after which the estates seem to have passed into possession of the female lines of the family, perhaps in the eighteenth century. Sir Malcolm Wallace, known as the Knight of Elderslie, was the head of the family that the Maryland, Virgiuia and New Jersey Wallaces claim descent from. Rev. Hayden says on this point: "I judge that if the owner of any place called Ellerslie so named it in the last (eighteenth) century, as Dr. Michael Wallace did, he was in some w^ay connected with Ellerslie in Scotland." This Di-. Michael Wallace was the son of William Wal- lace, of Galgrigs, Scotland, a direct descendant of Sir Mal- colm Wallace, and was born in Scotland in 1729. moving to King George county, Va., when in his youth and there set- tled a place which he called Ellerslie, in honor and remem- brance of Elderslie the family home in Scotland. The name Ellerslie was adopted in this country by the Virginia, Maryland and New Jersej' Wallaces, instead of Elderslie. Dr. ilichael Wallace's Ellerslie was about "tO miles air line south of the Ellerslie named by William Wallace, son of James Wallace, patentee of Brothers Industry, on his share of this tract in Montgomery county, Md. It is not likely that Dr. Michael Wallace settled Ellerslie in Virginia 12 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. before ITaO, and it was about this time tliat Ellerslie in Maryland was uamed. Tlie Dr. is claimed to be the last of the Scottish line of tirst sons in Scothmd, and it is pro- liable that James Wallace was one of the younger sons, who settled in ^Maryland 40 of 50 years before Dr. Michael Wallace settled in Virginia. In 18G0 Ann Wallace, of Scotland, then 90 years of age. a descendant of Sir. Malcolm, and a niece of Dr Michael Wallace, wrote a letter to Mrs. E. P.. Wallace, of Fredericksburg, Ya.. in which she said of him: "His having named his acquired property in his adopted counti-y Eller- slie, is certain evidence of his belonging to our family." There was also an Ellerslie family of Wallace in Somer- set county. X. J., about 100 miles northeast of Ellerslie, Md. of which Hon. Joshua Mad.dox Wallace, grandson of Rev. John Wallace, of County Peel)les. Scotland, was the head, who claimed descent from Sir Malcolm Wallace. He mar- ried in ITlt; Christian Murry descendant of Robert Bruce, and had a son named John Bradford Wallace. In another place it will be seen that a certain John Bradford, an Eng- lish land officer, was given power of attorney by James Wallace when he went to England on business in 1710. and also that the same John Bradford sold 490 acres to William Wallace in 1721 to make up the tract called Brothers In- dustry in Montgomery county. Md., in which Ellerslie was located. On July 27. 1773, Lieut. Col. Gustavus B. Wallace, son of Dr. ilichael Wallace, wrote a letter from Ellerslie, Vs., to Dr. James Wallace, of Md., signing himself his brother, in which he sent his compliments to Dr. Brown and his lady ELLERSLIE, SCOTLAND-AMERICA. 13 and all friends in Mainland. Lieut. Col. Wallace's motlier was named Brown and doubtless it was her brother refer- red to. It is a fact to keep in mind also, that there was about this time a Dr. James Wallace, grandson of James Wallace, of Brothers Industry, living in Montgomery coun- ty, Md. These facts show that there must have been more or less intercourse among the Bllerslie Wallaces of Virginia, Maryland and New Jersey, and no doubt relationship, and go far to substantiate the claim of the Maryland Wallaces to descent from Sir Malcolm Wallace. The ^larylaud Wallaces mai'ried into many of the most l)rominent families of that part of the state, conspicuous among whom were the Wheeler, Young and Douglass fani- lies. who owned large tracts of land now covered by Wash- ington. I). C. It is claimed that the Capitol. Library of Con- gress, and perhaps the Navy Yard and Arsenal, occupy what was once their property CHAPTER III. James Wallace Family Family history and official records show that James Wallace married Maiy Douglass, of Scotland, a widow, and came to Maryland. The family records do not give the names of the children, but the will of James Wallace shows that they had Ave children, and earlier court records show another son, Alexaiidei*. James Wallace, of Frederick county, Md., made a will dated September (j, 1774, in which he mentions as his sons, Herbert, William and James, daughter Eleanor Hopkins, who was to have part of Brothers Industry and Weavers Denn. a daughter Anne Douglass and grandsons, John Wal- lace and Robert; Douglass. There was another son, Alexander, who died about 1759. according to the following record: "Deed of gift to Eleanor Wallace by Herbert, William and James Wallace, Jr., all of Frederick county, Md., brothers-in-law of Eleanoi-, widow of Alexander Wallace deceased, consisting of house- hold furniture, slaves and cattle." This was dated March 3, 1759. The grandson John Wallace named in the will, was doubtless the son of Alexander. JAxMES WALLACE FAMILY. 15 Of those childreu there is no record showing- descend- ants, except William, James and Eleanor. Anne Douglass named in the will was probably a widow, and the grandson Rol)ert Douglass, her son. No record has appeared of them after this in the will. John Wallace went to AVashington county. Pa., about 1779, but nothing further is known of him. Herbert and his wife. Eleanor, deeded October 22. 1779, lUU acres in the "Addition to the Remains," and 120 acres in Piney Lands, to Samuel Wade Magruder, after which they moved to Washington county. Pa., where all trace of them is lost. Tlie two other .sons remained in Montgomery county where they reared large families. I. William AA'allace married Susannah Young and had the following children: 1. Alexander Wallace married Frances Montague, No- vember 1. 17K7. She was the daughter of William Monta- gue and his wife. Hannah Ballendine, of Essex county, Va. Mr. Wallace died before his father, William Wallace, and in the will of the latter provision is made for the two infant children of Alexander Wallace. Mrs. Wallace died October 17, 1791. Their children were: i. William Montague Wallace was born in Montgomery county. Md., 1789 and married Ellen Maria, daughter of Dr. John Daughaday. of Baltimore. Md.They had eight children, of whom William Montague, Alexander Danghaday, Robert Rrnce, Charles Montague, Edward Douglass, John Fi-ank- lin and Ellen Maria Wallace died young. The only child reaching maturity was Emily Frances W.UI.ice. who married William H. Moore. June IL 1847. and 16 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. bad one daughter. William Anna Moore, born August 19, 1849, who married Louis Dare, October 30, 1879, and died September 21, 1880, leaving an infant son, Edward Monta- gue Dare, born September 17, 1880. and died in 1894. Mrs. Emily Frances Moore died in 1898, thus closing the line of the descendants of Willia'm Montague Wallace, ii. Frances Montague W^allace. See sketch later. 2. William Wallace married Miss Magruder. Children: — Edwin Wallace and Malcolm Wallace, who moved to Kentucky. 3. James Wallace M. D., died without issue. 4. Charles Wallace died without issue. 5. Robert AVallace married Mary Key Watts. Children: —Richard Wallace and Frances Rebecca Wallace. 6. John Wallace married for his first wife his cousin Nancy Wheeler and had one son, Wheeler Wallace, who died in infancy. His second wife was Harriet Vinson. Chil- dren :— William married Miss Sasscer, Prince George county. Roberta married J. R. Robertson, Charles county, Md. Children:— Edwin, Harriet W., J. D. Elizabeth B., John, Edwin, Mary, James and Lavina, died without issue. Emma man-led Elisha O. Williams, son of Wm. Beall Williams, of Georgetown, D. C. Children:— .Ann Dorsey, Harriet V., Jno. Wallace, Mary W., William Beall. Mi"s. Williams lives in Rockville, Md. 7. Mary Wallace married John Anderson. 8. Anne Wallace married Col. Richard Anderson of the Revolutionary War. JAMES WALLACE FAMILY. 17 9. Eleanor Wallace married Sam'l B. Mag:rutler very late in life. PERRY-WAKLACE FAMILY. ii. Frances Montague Wallace was born October 17, 1701 in Montgomeiy county, Md., and died March 2, 1803, in New Castle, Henry county, Ky. She married October 5, LS09. John Sanford Ferry born March 1, 1773, in Fairfax county, Va., son of Franklin Perry and Elizabeth Jenkins, a widow probably from Saiiford, born 1732, died 1824 in Henry county, Ky. They removefl to Henry county, Ky., in 1S12. Their children were: i. Elizabeth Montague Perry born in Virginia July 14. 1810, married Alfred Keauchamp in 1837, and died Sep- tember 14, 1839. Children— Newell Perry Beauchamp. born December 1, 1837, and Frances Wallace Beauchamp, born May 5, 1839, died May 12, 1839. 2. Eleanor Wallace Perry was born May 7, 1812, on the Ohio river near Gallipolis, on a fiat boat. Her parents removed from Fairfax county, Va., passing over the mountains on the road that Braddock followed, striking the Monongahela river at Redstone, now Browns- ville. Pa. There they either Iniilt or bought two flat boats in which they embarked, floating down the beautiful Monongahela past Pittsburg, thence down the Ohio river. They carried with them furniture, food, horses, some silver and china, boxes of clothes and linen. They had also with them their old nurse, who had cared for "Mrs. Perry in her infancy, as well as the other members of the family. The l)uats were tied up at night, and the negroes carried tents IS THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY' COUNTY, MD. froui the boats and camped on tlie l)auk, while the faniily slept on the largest boat, yume of the furniture carried in this way. and a piece of silk yet strong and luindsome wliirli was part of a dre.ss of Frances Montague Wallace, grandmother of Eleanor Wallace Perry, and a silhouette <>1 the same lady, are still in the possession of the family. Eleanor Wallace Perry married Presley Neville Pep- per of Woodford county, Ky.. Feb. o, 1820, and is now liv- ing with her only child, Amanda M. Caine, in Louisville, Ky. To them was born Amanda M. Pepper March IH, ISH"), wlio m.irried .lohn Strange Caine Dec. l.">. lS.j4.He was the son of .John Caine and Katharine Frankham and was born September 11. 1827, died June 21. 1900 in Louisville. Ky. Their son, Paul Caine, was born in Louisville. Ky., .Tuly 12, 18r)9. christened at Grace church. Louisville, married Annie Atmore, daughter of Charles Pawson Atmore and Leah Anna (Meriwithert Williams Atmore at St. Andrew's church. Louisville, December !». 1880. Their children Avere Sydney Atmore Caine born .June 2(i. 188:!. in Louisville. Ky.. attending Institute of Technology, Boston. :Mass.. and Idella Meriwether Caine, born August o. 1881. in Louis- ville. Ky., attending Eric Pape Art School, lloston. Mass. 3. \Villiam Alexander Perry born October 0. 1814. mar- ried Caroline Brown Lee October 2r>. 1885. Children: i. Lewis Marion Perry born September 1. 1886. married Catherine Broadwell. children:— William .Alexander, Lewis Marion, Marion Lee, Ruth. Irvin Broadstreet. Tom Mellon and Kitty Perry. ii. F'anny Wallace Perry born Si^ptember 13, 1838, mar- ried Charles McAllister Marshall, children:— Charles, Carrie, JAMES WALLACE FAMILY. 19 .lolin, William Humphrey, Frances Elizabeth. Eleanor Ferrj-. Wallace Marshall. iii. Leonora Leslie Perry born October 23. 184<), man-ied Walter L. Boyd, children:— William Ferry born February r>. 1874, Carrie Elizabeth born December 25. 1875, Walter Lee born August 13. 1870, Mary l)orn March 20. 187!». Anna born September 2. 18877 iv. Elizabeth Lee Perry born October 4. 1842, no chil- dren. V. Caroline Augusta Perry born September 24, 1844, married Dr. L. M. Parks, one child Eleanor Perry Marks born November 3, 1885. vi. Mary Eleanor Perry born November 14, 1847, mar- ried Uev. L. L. Mellon July 16, 1872. Children:— Caroline T., born April 27, 1873; Eleanor P.. born June 19. 1875; Annie A., born I>l)ruary 4, 1878; Perrj- born November <>, 1879, Frederick Davis born Deceml>er 8, 1882. Leonora L.. born January 7, 188(!. vii. William Sumner Perry died in infancy. viii. Flora A. Perry born December 5. 1851. married .lasper B. Lewis November 13, 1881, children:— Lee M., born Fel)ruary 1, 1883; Hattie Davis born July 6, 1884, Louis* I.-eslie born September 20. 1880. ix. John Clarence Perry born December 17, 1854. died .IiiiK' 14, 1879, and Alice and Ida Perry died in infancy. 4. .lohn Montague Perry died in infancy. 5. Margaret Fi-anklin Perry born October 0, 1818, mar- ried Alexander Bayne. 0. John Sanford Perry born November IS, 1820, married Harriet Ann Herndou February 22, 184S, who was the 20 THE WALLACES— MONTGOxMERY COUNTY, MD. (laiij?liter of Thomas Herndon and Eleanor Wallace, daugli- ter of John Wallace M. D. Children:— Clara Adelia, Thomas llaskett, Amanda Florence and Lelie Harriet who married Jordan Barrachmau. 7. Juliet Anderson Perry born January 1. 1823, died in infancy. 8. Frances Montague Perry born May 14. 1824, unmar- ried. 9. Mary Markham Perry born December 10, 1826. un- married 10. Thomas Ballendine Perry born March 15. 18.32. mar- ried Maryland Knapp October 28. 1802. Children:— Charles Shaffner born July 21, 1863, Catherine Virginia born Sep- tember 18. 1804. Charles Wallace born December 19. 1865. Thomas Ballendine born July 16. 1867. Colby Knapp Feb- ruary 15, 1870, John Sanford July 2. 1872. Fanny Montague November 30. 1895, Louise Pannell October 25 1879. Oscar Allen October 19. 1881. JAMES WALLACE, SECOND. XL James Wallace married Eleanor Young and had the following children: 1. Eleanor married Charles Young and had two chil- dren. Mary and Solon. The latter owned a part of Brothers Industry, the old homestead, now owned by Ninian Perry. Solon was the last of the Wallaces in name who owned it. 2. James died single. 3. John ..1. D. married Eleanor Herndon, daughter of Thomas and Frances Taylor Herndon, in New Castle, Henry county, Ky., about 1823. 4. William died single. . JAMES WALLACE FAxMILY. 21 5. Mai-y lived to an old age and died single in 1S7G aged 94 years, at Ellerslie, Montgomery county, Md. H. Elizabeth married James Anderson M. D., Rockville, Md., and had children, James W., Edward, Thomas, Attor- ney, Robert, John W., Catherine Ann, Elizabeth and Eleanor B. Capt. James Anderson, son of James W., is now a resident of Rockville, Md., and has an interest in part of Brothers Industry. CHAPTER IV. The Hopkins Family The Eleanor Hopkins mentioned in tlie will of James Wallace as his danghter. was the wife of John Hopkins, as is shown by the following deed of John Hopkins and his wife, Eleanor, to Joseph Penn November 11, 1777: ■"Whereas, James Wallace, late of Frederick countj, Md., deceased, in his lifetime, towit, March 28. 174!>, obtain- ed a patent for 200 acres of laud called Weavers Denn, then in Frederick eonnty, now in Montgomery county, Md., and by his last will and testannnit did give and bequeath to liis daughter. Eleanor, wife of said John Hopkins, etc.'^ The family records state that this John Hopkins came from Scotland. Init there is no record to show when he came to this country. On October 0, 1745, John Hopkins, Sr.. and liis wife, Elizabeth, deeded 100 acres of land to Thomas An- keny, which was witnessed by James Hopkins and James Wallace, Jr., and March 12, 175(). Tliomas Boydestone deed- ed to John Hopkins a tract of land called Boydestone Dis- covery on IMney creek and tlie Potomac river. August 8, 17r>;» he sohl 170 acres of tiiis ti-act to Willi.-im riiambers, September iP>, 1707 Thomas Stump sold John Hopkins GO^^ THE HOPKINS FAMILY. • 23 acres in Stninp's valley, and Octo])er I-"), 17(!7 Walter Evan deeded to John Hopkins an island of 32 acres in the Poto- mac river, wliich Mr. Hopkins deeded to Samuel Tram well September G, ITT.*]. October 2."), 1779. John Hopkins, of Yoho gania connty. Va.. now Washington county. Pa., sold the GOVo acres in Stump's valley to Osborne Pile. There seem to have been four distinct Hopkins families in the section covered by the present Montgomery and Anne Arundel counties. The first on record is that of Wil- liam Hopkins, who owned Hopkins" plantation on Green- berry's Point among the Men of Severn in 1H57. He was granted CiO acres of land May 10. 1G71. which was deeded to Thomas Tucker November 10. 1G79. Another tract was granted to him of I.IO acres February 2ri. 1084, which he sold to Uichard Sorrell .Iiuic 0. 1().S."». Otlier transactions are also on record. In the same county there was a Gerard Hopkins, anions the Men of Severn UJ.IS. It is doiibtless his will dated Octo- ber 12. 1001. in which he names his wife Thomsin, son (Jerard. and daughters Anne. Thomsin and Mary. Gerard Hopkins married Margaret Johns, and they had seven chil- dren, .loseijh. Gerard, Phih'p, Samuel. Richard, William, and Johns Hopkins, all born between 1706 and 1720. Of these children Uichard married and had nine children, among wliom there was a (ierard. Gerard Hopkins, doubt- le.ss the third, owned a large quantity of land in Frederick connty. Md., the tracts being named Hope Improved, Trou- l)le Enough, None I^eft and Friendship, some of which ap- I>ears later in the name of Gerard Hopkins, Jr. Johns Hop- kins, the founder of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.. was a descendant of this family. 24 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. In the year 1742, Mathew Hopkins, of Kilniarnoek, County of Ayr, Scotland, came to Kock Creek, now in Mont- gomery county. Md., where he died January 1751. He bought from Osbiu-n Spriggs Aiigust 26, 1741, a tract of 300 acres of land called Sallop and later bought other lands. At his death he left a widow, Mary, who afterwards mar- ried Henry Thralkeld, but they had no children. James Hopkins, brother of Mathew, County of Ayr, was appointed by his mother to act as her attorney, to receive all prop- erty that might be due her from Mathew's estate. The power of attorney Avas dated April 29, 1752, and May 24, 1753, James Hopkins deeded to Henry Thralkeld and wife the tract of land called Sallop. and a part of the tract known as Resurvey, a part of which was incorporated in Georgetown, D. C. There is no record that James Hopkins remained in Maryland. It is probable that these families were related, but the evidence is not available to make it clear and beyond doubt. John Hopkins and Eleanor Wallace, had the following children: I. Herbert Hopkins, whose children Mary and Janet lived in Baltimore. II. William Hopkins married Miss Briscoe. III. Richard Hopkins moved to South Carolina. IV. Alexander Hopkins married Rosa Laird, children: .John. Thomas, Eliza, Rosa, Polly and Nancy. V. James Hopkins married Mary Goe, children:— John, William. Dorcas, Elizabeth, Mary A., and Thomas. VI. John Hopkins married Miss Wallace, children:— Charles. Mrs, Nancy Butler and George. THE HOPKINS FAMILY VIT. Thomas Hopkins, a Revolutionary soldier, wh© enlisted in the Fifth Md. Regiment February 1780, and was discharged November 1. 1780. The records show that he was a resident of Washington county. Pa., in 1781. in the part that afterward became Pike Run township. He married Catherine Hurd May 22. 1704. who came with her father from Londonderry. Ireland. They had tlie following children: 1. Andrew born April liO, 1795, married Anna Town- send .children:— Mrs. Edith E. Ooyle, Mrs. Catherine Hiesy, Mrs. Sabina Wilcox. Townsend and Thomas. 2. Catherine Hopkins. Sketch Wright-Hopkins family. ?>. Eleanor Hopkins unmarried. 4. Thomas H Hopkins married Elizabeth MofRtt. Chil- dren. Moffitt. Mrs. Eliza Lanning, Thomas. Mrs. Catherine K repps. 5. John Hopkins married Jane Motfitt and had one daughter, Elizabeth, wife of Dr. E. A. Wood, Allegheny county. Pa. 0. William Hopkins married Rachel Herron Januaxy 1. 1824. and had three children: i. Ajidrew. a prominent journalist in Pittsburg, Pa., and Wheeling, W. Va. ii. Catherine, unmarried, died in 1901. iii. James H. Hopkins attorney at law. While a resident of Pittsburg. Pa., he was twice elected to Congress. He is now a resident of Washington, D. C. William Hopkins was one of the most prominent Demo- crats of his time in Pennsylvania. In l&34-ti-7-8-9 and in 1861-2 he was elected a member of the lower house of the 26 THE WALLACES— MONTCIOMEKV COIXTV, MI). Legislatiire of Pennsylvania, and in 1863 a member of the State Senate. He Avas Speaker of the House in 18o8-!» anrt 40, Seeretary of the Land Ottice, elected Canal Commission- er in 1852. and in 1872 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania. 7. White F. Hopkins married Hannah Wilson, cliil- dren. Araminda. Thomas C, Joseph Wright. S. Margaret Hopkins married Thomas West, chiUUH'n. Thomas, Catherine and Jonathan, the latter serving in the Civil War, and died in Anderson ville prison. T'pon the death of her husband, Mrs. West married William Mottitt and had children. John. Eliza Jane. Joseph. Hopkins, who served in the Kinggold cavalry in the Civil War. and Mar- garet. 9. Alexander. VIH. Nancy Hopkins married Mr. Fleming. Children, John, AVhite, Nellie, Oatherlne, Elizabeth. Ann. Margaret. IX. Elizabeth Hopkins married William Wallace, son of William Wallace one of the founders of I'.rothers In- dustry. X. Anna Hopkins married William Parker. Justice of the Peace of Somerset township. Washington county. I*a.. April o. 1782, and snb-Lientenant of the comity in 17S1. XI. Eleanor Hopkins married Andrew Hoggs and had one son. Mr. Boggs was Justice of the Peace in Fallowfield township. Washington county. Pa.. February 17, 1*97. WKIGHT-HOPKINS F.\MILV. 2. Catherine born April 25, 1796, married Joseph Wright November 6, 1814. Mr. Wright was the grandson of Joshua Wright, who THE HOPKINS FAMILY. 27 with his brother James, settled in Peters Creek, Washing- ran county. Pa., then Yohogania county, Ya.. in 1764. He was of Scotch-Irish descent, and came from the eastern part of PennsjMvania. The brothers acquired 800 acres of land. 450 acres of which they ))ought from a half breed In- ilian. September 10. 1779. .Tames sold his share to his broth- er and moved to Ohio, thence to Kentucky. .Toshua was con- stable in 1775, a Ju.stice of the Peace in 1770. and presided over the courts of Yohogania county. After he had partly cleared his land and crops were planted, he returned to Harrisburg. Pa., and married Charity Sauus Harris, daugh- ter of John Harris for whom Harrisburg was named. In the spring of 178,'}, Mr. Wright started with two other men in a flat bottomed, square prowed boat, to take produce to New Orleans. He was decoyed ashore by a white man and captured l)y Indians. He was taken northward through Ohio, and at a point near Sandusky was made to run the gauntlet and was burned at the stake. His son. Enoch, married Rachel James, of whose chil- dren. Joseph Wright, born August 4, 1794 was the only one that reached manhood. Enoch Wriglit was a capable man, possessed of a large amount of real estate, on a part of .which Finleyville was built and was a very wealthy man for his times. He was Justice of the Peace for over 30 years. County Commissioner and Director of the Poor, and took an active part in the Whiskey Insm-rection. though at first opposed to it. He was originally a Baptist, and built a church on his own land to be used by all Evangelical churches. He later became a Methodist. Joseph Wright was a student of Jefferson College, Can- 28 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMEKV COL XT V. Ml). onsburg, Pa., a man of strong intellect, specially informed in Theology and the English language. He was a minister of the Pittsburg Conference M. E. church, admitted when he was 41 years of age, after a long service as local preach- er. He had largely prepared a dictionary of the Euglisli language, which had reached the letter M. at the time of his death. •Joseph and Catherine Hopkins Wright had tlie follow- ing children: i. Darthula born March 28, 1816, married Dr. James Miller and had three children. Rev. R. T. Miller, Jos. W. Miller, M. D. and Rachel, married I>r. Jos. McCready. ii. Catherine born April 4. 1818, married Tliomas Ran kin, had 12 children. iii. Lucinda born March !.">, 1820. married John Storer. and had one son. Dr. Thomas Storer. iv. Joshua Wright born May 4, 1822, married Sarah C. White March 17, 1844. She was the daughter of Rev. John White, whose father came from England and settled in the Shenandoah valley, Va., where John White was born, near Winchester, April 12, 1787. He joined the M. E. church in 1801, and in 1809. under charge of Jacob Gruber. eutereistrict, Va. On the 28th of December 1815, while on the (Greenfield circuit, Washington county. Pa., he was mar- ried to Elizabeth S. James, daughter of Robert and Cathe- rine James, of Nottingham township. Joshua and Sarah C. Wright had the following chil- dren : 1. Rev. John A. Wright born January 1, 1845. He was THE HOPKINS FAMILY. 29 a student in Washington College, when the Civil War broke out, and enlisted in Company D, 140th Pa. Regiment and served to the end of the war and was wounded at Chancel- lorsville. He was graduated from Allegheny College in 1808, taught three years in the west, and has preached continuously in the M. li. church in Ohio since. 2. Speranza Catherine born December 9, 1846, mar ried (ieorge W. Brown, Brooke county, W. Va., March 7, 18(55, now deceased. She now lives at Indianapolis, Ind., where her sou is city editor of the Sentinel. 3. Rev. Joseph Enoch Wright, born May 27, 1849, who attended Washington and Jefferson College one year. Pa. State Agricultural College and Allegheny College, after which he engaged m farming, and entered the law office of his uncle, Judge J. W. P. White and J. F. Slagle Jan- uary 1871. He was converted August i:], 1871, and l)egan at once to prepare for the ministry, entering the Pittsburj. Conference M. E. church March 1872. He was united in marriage March 24, 1875, with Rachel Luella Diehl, born November 17, 1851, daughter of Jacob H. and Anne Diehl, Georgetown, Beaver county. Pa., whose ancestors came from Germany and settled in Le- banon county. Pa. They had four children, two of whon; Anna Luella and Joseph Edwin are deceased. Their son, Jacob Merrill, born January 9, 1876, was graduated from Allegheny College, 1895, from the Pitts- burg law school 1897, and was admitted to practice in the Allegheny county courts December 1898. He married Laura A., daughter of Henry Pearce, of Cincinnati, O., June 12, 1901. They live in Homestead, Pa. 30 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. Their son, James Francis Vernon, born April 5, 1878, was graduated from Allegliouy College 1898, from Drew Theological Seminary in 1901, and received the degree of Master of Arts in 1901 from Allegheny College. He was ad- mitted to the ritt.sl)urg Conference M. B. chni'ch October 12, 1901, ordained deacon bj' Bishop J. M. \Vahlen, and was appointed to Saltsburg, Pa. 4. Elizal>eth Anna l>orn July 2.i. 1851, graduate of W.ishington Female Seminary, married Levi C Linn, attor, ney at law, and now reside in Denver Col. Children:— Char les Wright and Katherine Lowry. .">. ^Villiam Fletcher Itorn July 20, 18.j4, studied and practiced law, now State Manager of the Union Central Life Insin*ance Companj% Buffalo. N. Y. He married Laura Brown May 10. ISTO, children, Mary, Edith Blanche, Laura B.. Katherine M. asliington. Pa., and is a practicing attorney at the Allegheny County Bar. He married Helen Scluuid. daughter of Francis X. and Marie C. Schmid, Alle- gheny, Pa., and have two children living, Jane and Joshua Robert, one child, Christine, died in infancy. V. Enoch born July 28. 1824, married Emma Smith, daughter of Dr. Edward Smith, West Liberty, W. Va. They had ten children. vi. Thomas A. born March 18, 1827. vii. Joseph T. F. born June 9, 1828. married Maria Hindman. Gastonville, and had "> children. viii. Margaret Ann born December 24, 1830, graduate Washington Female Seminary, married Dr. C. W. Town- send, whose ancestors came to AYashiugton county. Pa., in 1780. They had live children. ix. Mary Eleanor born November 30, 1833, graduate Washington Female Seminary, married Rev. John C. Brown, member of the Pittsburg Conference M. E. church 1 1 .vears. and moved to Iowa. X. Hopkins born April 3, 1836, deceased. xi. Charity Sauns born May 28. 1840, graduate Wash- ington Female Seminary, married Dr. D. M. Anderson, a prominent man in the county, a member of the legislature three terms, and large real estate owner. Their children are Hopkins, graduated Columbia Law School, and Elizabeth, graduated Washington Female Seniinarv. CHAPTER V. William Wallace Family The subject of this sketch, brother of James Wallace patentee of Brothers Iinliistry, is first named in the records in the purchase of 400 acres from .Tolm Bradford, which was assigned to his brother James, and be<-ame a part of that famous tract. His services in founding this homestead, recognized by his brother in 1720 by deeding him 500 acres of the tract, form the next record, and there is no furtlier n)ention of him until tlie recording of his will June 10. 1750. This will was dated April 1, 1758, in which the names of his wife and children are given. In it he states that his son James is to have "100 acres of the jilaiitation: three daughters, Elizabctli Boydestone, Anne Mason and f]lcanor Tracy a I'ing each, 20 s In value, having already provided for them: daughter Sarah Thomp- son mulatto boy and 200 lbs tobacco: wife Frances my now dwelling house, plantation of 200 acres; son Nathaniel 100 acres: son William remaining pai't of Brothers Industry; daughters Martha, Margaret, Mary, Frances and Barbara to have Boydestone's Discovery." His wife Finances was ap- pointed executrix, and the will adds that William shall WILLIAM WALLACE FAMILY. 33 liave remainder of Brotliers Industry, after wife's death, and after to Nathaniel. If tliey die without issue survivors of family to inherit. The following clause aijpears in the will: "It is my desire that the boys, in case my wife should marry, shall have the produce of their labor at the age of IS years: but if she does not mamy, to stay with their mother until they are 21 years of age." This record shows that his son William Wallace, the only one of liis children of whom tliere is a record of his descendants, was a mere boy at the time of his father's death, perhaps not over 9 years of age. Of the daughters there is no record to be found any- where, the will sho^ving only that tliree of them were mar- i-ied, two in the well known families of Tracey and Boyde- stone. Under the date of November 18, ITf^Il. James Wallace, son of William Wallace, of the Province of Carolina, sold to James Wallace, Sr., of Frederick county. Md.. "all Ms right and title to part of the tract of land called Brothers In- dustry in Fi'oderick county, Md., near Captain Johns." He became a I'esident of youth Carolina, and all trace of him is lost. October 28, 1770, Nathaniel Wallace and his wife, Frances, conveyed their share of Brothers Industry to Francis Clements, and on the 4th of March 1782, he recited in brief the history of the tract, and the disposition by will of William Wallace, his father, of his share in the land, smd the deeding of Nathaniel's share to Francis Clements. He was then a resident of Washington county. Pa. In the Penna. Archives Third Series, Vol. 22 page 772. is 34 THE WALLACES— MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD. Kiven the effective supply tax list tor Somerset townsliip ill 1781, in which Nathaniel Wallace was assessed for 180 acres of laud located near the present village of Vanceville, on the middle fork of Pig-eon Creek. It is related that the tirst observance of the rite of baptism in that section by the Kaptist church, was on his farm in 1S05. During the im- mersion in the creek a severe thunderstorm arose, and a tree sheltering the platform on which the preaching was held, was ^struck killing two horses. Mr. Wallace's daughter was one of those immersed. No record can be found of this family's subsequent life and no descendants are known. Wil- liam NVallace, Nathaniel's brother, was also assessed in this list for 200 acres of land on the north fork of I'igeon Creek. On October 10, 1780, William Wallace, Jr., and Eliza- beth Hopkins, his wife, deeded to Francis Clements their part of Brothers Industiy, being then residents of Wash- ington countj', Pa. By these sales, the share of William Wallace in Brothers Industry, deeded to him in 172f), passed entirely out of the hands of the family, and all the males of the family had left Maiyland. William Wallace and his bride. Elizabeth, daughter of .John and Eleanor Wallace Hopkins, went to Washing- ton count.v. Pa., soon after their marriage July 11. 177'.», where they reared a family and have numerous descend- ants. II. THE WALLACES, Washington County, Pa^ CHAPTER I. Pioneer Life William Wallace and Elizabeth Hopkins were united ill mari'iage in Montgomery county, Md., July 11, 1779, and soon afterward removed to what is now Somerset town- ship. Washington county. Pa. They evidently came with a number of their relatives, as the records show the presence of the following persons in that neigliborhood, of the Hopkins and Wallace families: Nathaniel Wallace his bi-other, Herbert Wallace a cousin, John Wallace, Herbert's nephew, and John. Thomas and Ale.Kander Hopkins, brothers of Mrs. Wallace. These families had land on Pigeon, Pike Run and Ten Mile creeks, and lived along the valleys of the first two. They were all planters, and had taken up considerable (luantities of land amid the forests and along these streams, sheltered by the beautiful hills that make so picturesque and lovely scenery to the present time. They lived but a few miles apart and thus were able to go to each other's relief in times of danger and distress. From this settlement of relatives, the three streams named ttow into the Monongahela river, and the country 38 THE WALLACES— WASH IN(iTON COUNTY, PA. covered is well adapted to be the lioine of a brave people, where they were trained in industry, rigrhteous living and patriotism. df the families prominently represented in this history whose nationality is known, nearly all were Scotch or Scotch-Irish, and were of the Scotch Presbyterian stock, who bronght with them their principles of religions liberty, and became leaders in all that tended to the real growth and moral strength of their communities. There was no yielding of principle, ditticulties did not deter them, hard- ships failed to wear them out. and they seemed to thrive and grow amid the exactions and hardsliips of the pioneer life. Their sterling moral strength made the communities strong and self reliant, among the best in the Nation. The labor and danger of coming hundreds of miles from the east, over mountains and throngli streams, on foot or horseback, with no comforts of travel or living, was sufficient to try tln> strength and courage of the hardiest people, and the result was a race of hardy settlers. Many of them came from Maryland and Virginia, over the old Brad- dock route from Cumberland, crossing the Allegheny mountains and Laurel Hill. The winter of 1779-80. when Willian) Wallace and his bride began life on the frontier, was one of exceptional cold. In January I78u tlie harbor of New York was frozen over so solidly that the British drove laden wagons on the ice from the city to Staten Isl.-md. The snow in February was four feet deep in the woods and in the mountains of Western Pennsylvania, stopping all supply trains from the east, and the weather continued exceedingly cold for two --^ PIONEER LIFE. 39 months. The destruction of animals and birds was si'eat, and tlie sufferings of tlie settlers intense. Tliey began to do their part in winning the West, inider conditions sufticient to appall any but the stoutest heart. The pioneer life was one that their descendants can never understand or appreciate, and that in Western Penn- sylvania during the years of the Revolution, was unusually severe and trying. The constant battle with the forces and conditions of nature was so severe as to tiy their fortitude, but was nothing to the awful scenes that took place with the wild beasts and savages. They lived in an almost unln'oken forest, except where a settler had cleared space for his caljin and a few acres for tilling. Tliey had lint few neighbors, whose rallying point in times of danger was the blockhouse or the foi't. the rigors of their life and the constant exposure to imminent danger, dulling the l)rjglit and joyous features of life. A ('hronicler gives a picture of one scene in a settler's lonely cabin: "Night closed upon him in his rough house, witli his faithful dog and ritle by his si(h\ Lying in his rough bed or hammock, reptiles were coiled on the earth beneath his ])ed. while hordes of ravenous wolves attracted by the savory venison, their appetites whetted and stimu- lated to uncontrollable fury, howled about the cabin threat- ening the life of tue settler." These conditions, with the ever present danger from a raid of hostile savages, made a scene of loneliness, desolation and horror, that cannot be depicted on pai>er oi- canvas. During the period from the time Col. Wallace settled in Washington county until many years afterwards, raids of 40 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. the Indians wore frequent, and it was in these raids, and preparations to repel threatened attacks, and drive the savages westT\'ard. that tlie Rangers of the Frontiers rendered such great service in the founding of our Republic. They were not in the conflict opposed to armed and disci- plined soldiers from Europe, like their comrades in the east, V)ut they had to meet and conquer the bushwhacking savages who lurked in the woods and fell on the unsuspect- ing settlers, and were backed by the skilled and crafty British bands in the west. The awful barbarity of the savages lent horror to the warfare, and it was worse in feroclt.v. if not in the actual dangers of battle, than the more civilized warfare in the eastern part of the country. The following are a few of the raids of the savages (huing th(^ closing years of the Revolution, but not all that occurred, taken from the local histories: Sunday morning Mai'cli 12. 1780, a ])arty of Wyandotts shot and tomahawked five men and carried away thi'ee boys and three girls in the southern end of what is now Reaver county, on Raccoon creek. April L'7. ITSO. Col. I'roadliead wrote to the pi-esident of Pennsylvania, that "between 40 and -jO men. women and children have been killed or taken from what are now called Yiihog.-iiiia. Monongalia and Oliio coimties," the former containing the Monongahela region. About the middle of Sejitember 1780. the Wyandotts fell upon the settlements on Ten Mile Creek, and killed and carried away 7 persons. This was close to Col AA'allace's residence. Februarv 10. 1782. a large body of Indians visited the PIONEER LIFE. 41 dwelling of Robert Wallace, Raccoon creek, Washington county, in bis absence, killed his cattle and hogs, plundered the cabin of everything, and carried away bis wife and her 3 children. Mrs. Wallace was found afterward, impaled on the sharpened trunk of a sapling and her infant child killed and mutilated. Sunday May 12, 1782, Rev. John Corbly and family while walking to their meeting house, on Muddy Creek, in what is now Greene county, were attacked by savages, the wife and 8 children killed and scalped, and 2 daughters scalped who afterward recovered, the father alone escaping. September 13, 1782, seventy Indians attacked and besieged the blockhouse of Abraham Rice on Buffalo creek, a short distance from Col. Wallace's, but were defeated. In April 1783, a band of the savages killed one man and captured a dozen persons, within a mile of Washington, the county seat. These are but a few of the awful experiences of that period, the people being kept on the constant watch to pre- vent sudden attacks, and scores were prevented by such vigilance. It was a common occurrence, for men to carry their rifles to the woods or fields where they worked, to the house or grove where they worshipped, and never to be without them close at hand. When an uprising occurred, or when the authorities called for men to prevent incursions of the savages or drive them out, then the Rangers of the Frontier were on hand, and under their proper officers made short work of any parties of Indians that prowled around. William Wallace and wife and their friends who came 42 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. with them to the county, were truly pioneers in that wild region. But a few years before it was uninhabited, and when they arrived to make their homes, it was still a wilderness and the hunting ground of the savages. The first settlements in tlie original limits of Washing- ton county, Pa., were in 17G(). and in 1707, the cabins of the white men were first built. The Monongahela river was crossed, and settlers had stopped at the mouth of Ten Mile creek and settled on Raccoon creek. Settlements began in earnest about 1770. The Indians had no permanent dwelling places in the county, although Shingis a King, and Catfish a warrior, of the Delawares. had hunting lodges, the former at the mouth of Chartiers creek, and the latter where Washingtou now stands. Fi'om the spring of 1774, when Cresap stopped at Catfish camp with his party, at the beginning of Dun- more's war, until 1795, there was no time when fear did not find a place at the fireside of the settlers. Westmoreland county was organized February 20, 1773, and remained intact until March 28. 1781, when Washing- ton county was erected from it. After the organization of Washington county, the following counties were erected: Fayette county from Westmoreland county September 26, 1783. Allegheny county from Westmoreland and Washington counties Septeml)er 24, 1788. Greene county from Washington county February 7, 1700. Beaver county from Allegheny and Washington counties March 12, 1800. PIONEER LIFE. 43 From the latter date, Washington county has remained nnclianged. The Act erecting Washington county, provided in Sec- tion 4, that the trustees James Edgar, Hugh Scott, Van Swearingen, Daniel Leet and John Armstrong, should before July 1, 1781, divide the county into townships. Section 9, authorized Justices of the Peace to hold courts of general quarter sessions and jail delivery. Section 10, appointed James Edgar, Hugh Scott, Van Swearingen, Daniel Leet and John Armstrong, commissioners to purchase ground for a court house, etc. The trustees divided the county into 13 townships July 15, 1781, in three of which, Bethlehem, Fallowtield and Not- tingham, lived nearly all the early settlers included in this, history. These townships all bordered on the Monougahela river, and occupied all the frontage on that river in Wash- ington county. April 3, 1782, Somerset township was erected from Fallowtield, Nottingham, Bethlehem and Strabane. Addi- tional townships were formed from these three original townships, as follows: January 18, 1790, East and West Bethlehem; January 18, 1792, Pike Run, which was divided into East and West Pike Run, March 8, 1839; Carroll Sep-^ tember 30, 1834; Union March 31, 183G; Allen June 14, 1853. The early towns aloug the river in this territory, were Parkinson Ferry, laid out by Joseph Parkinson July 2.5, 1700, later known as Williamsport and now as Mononga- hela City, changed to the latter April 1, 1837. Greentield was laid out in 1819, incorporated as a borough April 9, 1834, now known as Coal Centre. 44 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. "West Brownsville laid out in ISni, incorporated as a borough April 2, 1852. California laid out May 2, 1840, incorporated as a borougli November 20, 1853. Canonsburg was laid out by Col. John Canon April 15, 1788, in Chartiers township. A ferry was operated at Greenfield as early as 1781 by Van Swearingen, who was one of the trustees of the county and its first sheriff. In the year 1781, a road was ordered from "Washington's Mill (now Perryopolis, Fayette county,) to Van Swearingen's ferry, and thence to Catfish camp." This ferry was a famous one in later years for the carrying of live stock across the river, to be taken to east- ern markets, and many persons yet living, remember the great herds of sheep, bunches of cattle, etc., that the drovers took over the mountains from the West. The Mary- land settlers in Fallowfield and Somerset townships carried on this traffic to some extent early in the last century, and perhaps soon after the settlement of the Indian troubles in 1794. William Wallace, Jr.. of Somerset, engaged in the business to some extent. The main streams emptying into the Monongahela river in these townships, were Ten Mile creek, following the line between Washington and Greene counties. Pike Run creek, emptying at Greenfield, and Pigeon Creek emptying at Monongahela City. The Trustees of the county, under the authority granted them, purchased of David Hoge October 18, 1781, proprietor of the town of Washington, a lot of land on which to erect the building for public use, which was begun in 1783, and PIONEER LIFE. 45 was built of logs. The consideration was "for his good will he beareth to the inhabitants of the said county of Wash- ington, and for the sum of five shilings to him in hand paid etc." In the original plot of the town, made in October 1781, Mr. Hoge had written "Bassett alias Dandridge" town; then he had crossed out these names and written above them Washington, the first town in the entire country to be named for the Father of his Country. CHAPTER II. Home and Sociat. Life. William Wallace owned several tracts of land in Somerset and Bethlehem townships. March 10, 178*j, a land warrant of 200 acres was granted to him, which was doubt- less for the 200 acres on which he was assessed in 1781. The Supreme Executive Council of Pennsjivania issued the following land warrants to him: 367 acres on Ten Mile creek called •■Richmond," surveyed May 14, 1785. 423 acres called "Wallace's Industry" on Pigeon creek, surveyed April 8, 178(J, named in memory no doubt of "Brothers Industry" in Montgomery county, Md., where he lived until married. 232^2 acres on Pigeon creek, called "Wallace's Bargain," patented to him March 25, 1788. He bought from Andrew Wise March IG, 1793, 100 acres out of the 400 acre tract called "Fishery," located in Bethle- hem township, on the north fork of Ten Mile creek, about 2Y2 miles from its junction with the south branch, and about four miles from the Monongahela river, on which his mill was lo<:"ated. Zollarsville is on part of this tract. He and Absalom Baird bought 302 acres from Benjamin Park- inson on Pigeon creek and Mingo creek, February 1, 1795 HOME AND SOCIAL LIFE. 47 called "Moiuit Pleasant," aud he also owned over 100 acres on Pike Run creek. The home of Colonel Wallace was about two miles from Bentleysville in Somerset township, where he lived for over forty years. The house built and occupied by him, in which all his children were born, is yet in use and in a good state of preservation as shown in the cut of it on this page. He was for some years a miller, as well as planter and Wallace Homestead, Erected 1779-1780. stock grower, and it was quite a familiar and prominent place, being recognized in the records of Washington county in surveys made. At the March session of the court of Washington county in 1794, a road was ordered "from .John Heaton's mill on the south fork of Ten Mile creek to Col. Wm. Wal- lace's mill on the north fork of said creek." In the formation of Greene county, Februaiy 9, 1796, the following record is made of the boundary line, begin- 48 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. uing "At the mouth of Teu Mile creek, on the Monongahela I'iver; thence up Ten Mile creek to the junction of the north and south forks of said oreek; thence up said north fork to Col. William W'ailace's mill etc." Col. Wallace, the planter, like many of his neighbors, held slaves for a few years. Pennsylvania was the first of the States that passed an act for the gradual emancipation of all the slaves within its jurisdiction, enacted March 1, 1780, and under the act, owners of slaves were required to register them. The following registers are shown of the Wallace and Hopkins families: December 28, 1782, Frances Wallace 11, William W^il- lace 1, Herbert Wallace 20, John Hopkins 10, Fallowheld township. February 27, 1789, William Wallace, Esq., 3, Somerset township. .July 15, 1790, William Wallace, Esq., 4I, Somerset township. March 9,1789, Herbert Wallace 1, Fallowlield township. March 7, 1789, John Hopkins, Jr., 1, Fallowheld town- ship. The ordinary occupation of the pioneer, in clearing and cultivating his land, was laborious in the extreme, while that of the women of the household was just as hard, with less of the excitement and interest of outdoor life. Far removed from the advantages and intlueuces of a more settled and civilized life, they were thrown completely on their own resources for the enjoyments of the social side of their life. The social life of the period was of the most friendly and hospitable character. A common danger broke HOME AND SOCIAL LIFE. 49 down all formality, and bound the people together in strong ties of sympathy and helpfulness. Neighbors met together in social pleasures with a heartiness and geniality of man- ner, freedom from restraint and hearty good cheer, that has largely passed away. Special invitations were not the pass- ports to the homes of the people, but literally the latch string hung out to all who might call, natural courtesy and good breeding giving a hearty welcome. They entertained their visitors with a whole souled hospitality, character- istic of the royal nobility so natural to the early builders of the country. One of the pleasant social occasions, wherein pleasure was combined with business, was the "scutching" frolic, when the women of the neighborhood prepared the flax for the clothing of their household. After the flax raised on their farm had been "retted" or softened, so that the fibre could be separated, it was passed through the "brake" a home made machine for cracking and .separating the pithy heart of the plant, and was then ready for scutching. Each woman had her scutching block, a piece of tree trunk split in two and a triangular section cut from the middle, mounted on four pins or legs. With a swingling knife made of a wooden paddle about two feet long, having a broad blade and one thin edge, the sticks of broken flax which were held along the groove of the scutching board with one hand, were beaten with the swingling knife, strik- ing lengthwise of the plant, until the tough and springy fibre was separated into threads, which lay in the groove of the scutching block a coarse, fluffy mass ready for hackling. The scene was an animated one, the exercise not 50 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. too hard, but sufficient to bi'ing color to the faces of the fair M'orkers, while their tongues were as busy in conversa- tion as their hands were in scutching. This was followed by the hackling, a coarse comb being used, with which the scutched flax was raked, until the rougher part known as swingling tow. was separated from the finer part. The latter was the linen fibre ready for spin- ning into coarse and fine threads, thence made into cuts ready for the shuttle for weaving into cloth. Such a gathering was common, and a part of the life of the people. The conversation ran along rapidly, but the themes were quite different from those at the parties of the present day. The Indians, always in mind and always a teiTor, were first in thought and speech. One related the story of the outrages of the savages when, the men absent in the fields, they came unawares on the household of women and children, or raided the settlement of unarmed residents, and murdered the helpless and the innocent, the scalping knife completing the bloody work. The horror of the days and nights with the fear of the savages constantly before them, was told in such thrilling tones as to cause a hush to fall upon all. But these were women of sti'ong faith, high courage and fixed determination, and they soon banished the soml)re thoughts of danger, and turned to more cheerful subjects. Their household duties, the making of the cloth- ing, the rearing of the children, and the latest develop- ments in the religious life of the settlements, demanded attention, and none was more discussed than the latter, which was so needful in their lives, and so vital to their welfare. HOME AND SOCIAL LIFE. 51 Not less attractive was the com shucking be«s, gen- erally in the fields, but sometimes in the shelter near the houses, which was made an occasion of great moment and interest. A group of men walking in the furrows would strip the husks from the golden ears, hurling the latter into heaps as thej' passed along; or having the stalks gathered in heaps, the men seated aboiit them, shucked the corn and piled the ears into great golden piles. The men were the principal actors in this work, as the women were in the scutching of the flax. The period of labor in each case was followed by the supper, bounteous and good, after which came the amuse- ments of the evening, when for the time all danger was forgotten. Games were made and played by the younger ladies and the gallants who had called in time for supper. These were of the kind that prevailed in the pioneer times, and not always such as we have in these days, but innocent and pleasureable. The home dances were popular, with the dancing as graceful and sometimes as vigorous, as the supple and sturdy youth who engaged in them, with music as wild as the virgin forests, from a tiddle played by one of nature's own musicians. The scene was one of rare attraction, and as innocent as it was gladsome and hearty. As the children of the pioneers grew toward manhood and womanhood, the thoughts of the parents naturally turned to the educational advantages of the homes of their childhood, and the opportunities they had, and they did what they could to supply this necessity in the life of the children. The educational advantages were necessarily of the 52 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. poorest. The school houses, when there were any, were made of logs in the most primitive manner, with one log left out to give light, the fireplace built of logs with stone back wall, calculated for a back log G feet long. The seats were made of small trees cut about 12 feet long and split, the flat side dressed smooth with an axe, and legs put in on the round side. The schools were as primitive as the other life of the country, but what there were developed a strong people, of rare good sense, intense loyalty to right and country, and good builders of the intellectual giants W'ho followed them. Among the most interesting events in those pioneer days, as has been the case indeed in all ages, were the marriage customs and ceremonies. The mode of dress was simple and plain in the extreme. The men wore moccasins, leather breeches, leggins and liusey hunting shirts, all home made. The women were dressed in linsey petticoats and gowns, coarse shoes and stockings, handkerchief and buckskin gloves. On the event- ful day a procession was formed by the bridegroom and his friends, usually in double file, about one mile from the house of fe-stivity, and thus marched to the place. Arriving at the house the ceremony was performed at high noon, after which was a sumptuous dinner. This was of the most substantial character, consisting of a feast of beef, pork, fowl, venison and bear meat, roasted and boiled, with plenty of potatoes, cabbages and other vegetables. Tbe feast was spread in most of the homes on a table made from a large slab of timber, hewed smooth with a broadaxe, supported l)y four sticks; and the furniture consisted of ^ HOME AND SOCIAL LIFE. some old pewter dishes aud plates, the remainder being wooden bowls, and a few pewter spoons with others made of horn, and scalping knives made up any deficiency in knives. The dinner was followed by dancing, which usually continued all night, while the bride and groom were spirited away from the crowd. Whether this custom literally prevailed at the weddings in Col. Wallace's home is not known, but that they were grand affairs, and much made of, is a matter of family history. The Colonel was a lover and grower of fine horses, and his plantations contained many fine specimens, which figured in the wedding ceremonies of his daughters. When his daughters began to leave him he was comfortably fixed, luxuriously for the times, with plenty of the good things of life to make him a liberal entertainer, and a prince in good cheer and living. His daughter Frances and House Bentley were married at the old homestead August 8, 1799. The occasion was magnificent in its proportions, many guests being present, hospitality of the freest and cheeriest, the old mansion ringing with mirth and gayety, and evei'ything befitting so important an occasion. When the ceremony was over, a sumptuous and splendid banquet followed, with all the good things that earth, and woods, and sky provided for the appetite. When all were served, and the hour came for the departure of the new couple to build a home of their own, they were sent away with good wishes and good cheer, leaving in a coach drawn by four white horses, the pride of the stock that made rich the plantation of Col. 54 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. Wallace. Doubtless all the other girls were given as good a send off. Of a different character, and more solemn, and often sweet and soothing, were the religious meetings in the forests, known variously as sacramental meetings, four days meetings, and later as camp meetings. Churches and ministers were widely scattered so that the people came for miles In wagons, on horseback and on foot. In the can- vas covered wagons couches were provided for the women and children, while the men camped under the wagons or in booths. Rude fireplaces were made on which to hang the pots for cooking, while the horses were picketed in the woods. Logs were laid for seats at the place of worship, and the pulpit was in the preacher's tent, a wooden shed with raised floor, roofed but open at the sides and front. Those were the days of the ecclesiastical pioneers and giants, such as Dr. John McMillan, Rev. John Clark, Rev. Joseph Smith, Rev. Mathew Henderson and others, and the preaching was as forceful and rugged as the life and labor of the pioneer settlers. They needed strong food and they got it. Service was held at 11 o'clock after which there was luncheon and ihen preaching at 3 o'clock. In the mean- time the sacramental tokens were distributed, a custom brought from the Church of Scotland. At night the scene was picturesque and awe inspiring, when with the rude torches of pine knots lighting up the camp, the wierd, beautiful and touching singing, ' the earnest, eloquent and Impressive tones of the jpreacher, the rustling of the leaves under the touch of the breeze, the hum of the insects, the occasional twittering of birds, with HOME AND SOCIAL LIFE. 55 perhaps the plaintive note of the whippoorwill, made a scene never to be torgotten. The effect at some of these meetings was startling- in the extreme. During the revivals under Dr. McMillan, persons under strong conviction of sin were prostrated to the ground, and their bodies strangely and violently agitated. The local historians of the time thus described the scenes, and added that in many cases there was decided change of character, and the after life proved the genuineness of the work. In those days there were no church buildings and conveniences such as we have, and God's temples were the rallying places of God's chosen people. Prior to Gen. Anthony Wayne's victory over the Indians in 1794, men generally went to church with their guns on their shoulders, which were stacked ready for use at the place of worship, and sentinels were posted to sound the alarm, in case of a threatened attack by the Indians. CHAPTER III. Revolutionary Service. Col. William Wallace was a soldier in the Kevolii- tionaiy war, serving at two different times, first while in his Maryland home and after settling in Washington county. Pa. In the Maryland Archives Volume XII folio 352, a list is given of Captain Richard Smith's company of militia, for the service of the "Flying Camp," the service of the com- pany beginning September 19, 177G. Col. Wallace was a private in this company. The places of service of the com- pany seqm to have been in New York and New Jersey, in the campaigns of General George Washington in the fall of 1776 and in 1777. In the Maryland Convention July 26, 1775, the forma- tion of a regular military force was ordered, to be composed of a battalion of which Colonel Smallwood received the command, seven independent companies and two companies of artillery and one of marines. The convention also resolved to enroll forty companies of minute men, eight of which were from Frederick county. REVOLUTIONARY SERVICE. 57 On July lU, 177G, six companies under Col. Smallwood and three from Baltimore, embarked for tlie head of Elk river, whence they marched to New York, and were incor- porated in General Stirling's brigade. The four independ- ent companies remaining in Maryland, as was also the "Flying Camp," were later ordered to join Colonel Small- wood. In July 177(5, the Continental Congress authorized the establishment of a "Flying Camp" under General Hugh Mercer, composed of men from Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland. The regiment of the "Flying Camp" under Col. Beall, of Max'yland, left early in the fall, sailing to the head of Elk river, thence marching to New Y'^ork. The "Flying Camp" is shown in history, to have taken part in the battle of White Plains, N. Y., the latter part of October 177G; were at Fort Washington in November, where they held a very dangerous and important position; took part in the battle of Princeton January 1777, Brandy- wine September 1777, and Germantown October 1777. The length of service, losses, and other particulars so carefully kept in these days, are entirely lacking. In the Pennsylvania Archives Third Series, Volume 23 pages 211-223, Wallace's name is given as a private in the "Rangers of the Frontiers." These are miscellaneous rolls, showing the names of men from 1778 to 1783, but no com- panies or other commands are given. The rolls are made up of such lists as the State has been able to secure. Col. Wallace's name appears in at least three places, showing that he served on three different occasions, and was paid 58 THE WALLACES-WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. for such services. In the lists wliere his name appears are the names of many of his neighbors, showing that an organized body went into the service, and that he served his country after he l>ecame a resident of Washington county, Pa. After the Revolution he was a prominent figure in the militia of the State. In 1782 he was a private in the militia; in 1784, soon after peace was established, -he was Ensign of the militia, in the Fourth company, Capt. Marquis, 3rd Battalion, and perhaps saw some further service in defending the frontiers from attacks of the Indians, with whom peace was not established until 1795. Mr. Wallace was known as Colonel Wahace, the title being derived from his service in the militia, in which he became Colonel, and not from his service in the Revolution, in which he held no commission as an officer so far as the records show. He became colonel so far as can be learned, about 1791 or 1792. In the report of Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War to President Washington, September 2, 1794. of the officials who took any part in the "Whiskey Insurrection," or as he expressed it— "those instances of opposition and discount- enance to the laws l\v persons in office which are unequivo- cal," he says:— "Among those who composed the third meet- ing which was held at Pittsburg on the 21st of August 1792, were John Canon and Albert Gallatin, members of -the legislature; D. Bradford, deputy attornej' general; James Marshall, register and recorder; Edward Cook, associate .ludge; John Smilie, State Senate; Thomas Wilson and Samuel Geddes, colonels of militia; William Wallace, REVOLUTIONARY SERVICE. 59 then sheriff uow colonel of militia; John Hamilton, sheriff and colonel of militia; and Bazu Brown, captain of militia." See Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Volume 4, page 287. The report oi the Secretary could not give the date of the appointment of William Wallace as colonel, but the following record shows that he held this office while he was sheriff. In the Pennsylvania Arehives, Second Series, Volume 4, page 700, under date of February 9, 1792, a peti- tion is given, which was sent from Washington county to Governor Mifflin, asking for the appointment of .John Robi- son as County Lieutenant. One of the signers of this peti- tion was "Col. Wm. Wallace." This would show that at the meeting in Pittsburg August 21, 1792, he was both sheriff and colonel of militia. CHAPTER IV. Political Life. Colonel Wallace seems to have been prominent as a politician as well as a soldier. In the records of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. June 30, 1788, is the follow- ing: "William Wallace, Esq.. was appointed and commis- sioned a Justice of the Peace and of the Court of Common Pleas, in and for the county of Washington, upon a return made according to law. for the district of Somerset." The appointment was for seven years, and he was the third Justice of the township. His commission gave him the position of Associate Judge. He was also appointed Justice in 1807. He was a candidate for sheriff in 178G. but failed of election, but was elected November 9, 1700, to serve for three years, the fourth person elected to that office in the county. Hon. Thomas Scott, member of Congress, and Hon.. John Hoge. State Senator, were tlie sureties on his bond. During his term of office there was no courthouse. The first courthouse and .i^il was occupied July 1787. The building was of logs and located on the public square. This POLITICAL LIFE. 61 was destroyed by fire in the winter of 1790-91, about the time Col. Wallace entered upon his duties. The second courthouse was begun in 1791 and completed in 1794, in which period court was held at James Wilson's house. October 2, 1794, Col. Wallace was elected as a Repre- sentative from the county to the House of Representatives of the State. The county being declared in a state of insur- rection on account of the "Whiskey Insurrection!," a resolution was offered in the House December ItJ, 1794, that on this account William Wallace and others elected from the western counties at the same time, were not duly qualified for the office. The question was discussed and laid over until January 9, 1795, when the following resolution was adopted by a vote of 43 yeas and 20 nays: "Resolved, That the elections held during the late insurrection in the counties of West- moreland, Washington, Fayette and Allegheny, to represent said counties in this House, were unconstitutional, and they are hereby declared void." On February Ki, 1795, those who were candidates were re-elected, Wm. Wallace being among- the numiber, who was a member of that body for 1795-6-7. No charges of disloyalty were made against these gentlemen, but they were deprived of their seats on constitutional grounds alone. So far as the records show. Col. Wallace took no offen- sive part in the "AVhiskey Insurrection." During the early part of the movement he was sheriff of the county, and no record is known or statement made regarding his course except in 1792. In the Pennsylvania Archives, Series 2, 62 THE WALLACES-WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. Volume 4, pages 29-31, an account is giveu of a meeting held in Pittsburg August 21, 1792, at which he and his neighbor, Sheshbazzar Bentley, were present. .John Canon, founder of Canonsburg, was called to the Ciiair and Albert Gallatin elected clerk, and a committee of five members was appointed to prepare resolutions, and then adjourned until 10 o'clock the next day. At that meeting resolutions were adopted, one of which appointed a committee to draw up a remonstrance to Con- gress, stating their objections to the excise laws and pray- ing for the repeal of the same, and another appointed a committee of correspondence, whose duty it was to corre- spond together, and with such committees as should be appointed for the same purpose from the other counties, relative to the general subject. William Wallace was the first name on this committee. His name does not appear again anywhere in the records as having any part in the movement, doubtless on account of his ofiicial position as sheriff and colonel of militia, and from the fact that the law was modified, and that President Washington ordered its enforcement; whose word was law to his old soldiers. The W^hiskey or W^estern Insurrection was a deplorable event, casting a shadow on the settlers of tliat day, but it was more the work of a few hot heads on the side of the disaffected people, than of any deliberate attempt to resist the government. Many of the settlers had served under General AVashington to form the Republic, and not one of them would deliberately take up arms against him, or enter into a combination to hurt their country, but rather POLITICAL LIFE. 63 would have fought to the death for both. The hot heads on cue side aud the %yaut of patience and lack of tact of a few* who represented the governiuent, brought on misun- derstanding and eventually conflict and the strong arm of the government was exerteo to procure quiet. The cause of the opposition to the excise, was the poverty of the people. They raised plenty of grain, but had no markets, hence no money. The cost of hauling their pro- ducts to Philadelphia, their nearest market, over the moun- tains in wagons, was from $5 to $10 per 100 pounds. They had mills and ground their grain into good flour, but it cost as much for freight to Philadelphia as the flour sold for. The only way the people saw to get out of their financial difficulties, was to distil their grain into whiskey, and thus send it to market in a more portable way. In those days neither the making nor selling of whiskey was regarded as it is now, and it was believed to be legitimate, and in this way they sold their grain and procured some money. The excise which placed a tax on the whiskey, aroused the indignation of the sturdy Scotch and Irish who had taken their lives in their hands to settle the country, and they naturally opposed the imposition of the tax. This little flame was fanned by some ambitious persons who hoped to profit out of it. Some of the distillers accepted the inevitable and tried to make the most of it, and all would have done so in time no doubt but for the few, very few, leaders who kept up the agitation, some of whom were the first to leave the country when the army came west to suppress the insurrection. CHAPTER V. Bentley Family. The Beutleys who married into the old Maryland family of Wallace, had ancestors in Pennsylvania as early as 1700. The family goes back to John Bentley and his wife, Mary Miles Bentley, who were living in Chester county, Penaisylvania, in 1701. Their son Jeffrey Bentley married Eleanor Banner and were the parents of George Bentley, who served in the colonial wars, holding a lieuten- ant's commission. He married Jane Charter and they had eight children, Sheshbazzar, House, Jeffrey, Absalom, Mary, Benjamin, Margaret and Joseph. The family moved to Western Pennsylvania about the time of the Revolution. Sheshbazzar married Hannah Baldwin and had six children: House, George, Benjamin, Hannah, .Tane and Sheshbazzar. He purchased 1,050 acres of land on Pigeon creek, Washington county, Pennsylvania, May 8, 1777, and being a millwright, he built and operated the first mill on that creek. He was evidently a prominent and influential man in his day. At the meeting held in Pittsburg, August 21, 1792, during the Whiskey Insurrection, he and his friend William Wallace, were present and were appointed to act BENTLEY FAMILY. 65 together on the committee of corresponclence. Of his children, George and House were the ones that married into tlie Wallace family. I. Eleanor Wallace, born June 4, 1780, was married to George Bentley and had no children. II. Frances Wallace, born June 30, 1782, was married to House Bentley August 8, 1799, and had children as follows: 1. Hannah Bentley bom November 5, 1800, married John Kennedy, a well known and popular man, whose ancestors were old residents of Mingo, near Finleyville, Washington county, Pennsylvania, coming from Ireland about 1775. They had nine children of whom, at the present time, three are living, Sheshbazzar and House, unmari'iod, and Frances who married .John Long of Monongahela City, Pa. The children of the latter were Elizabeth and John Kennedy Long. Elizabeth married Alvin King, of Mononga- hela City, and died, leaving one son, Jack. John K. Long ma.iTied Sarah McClure and they have a family of three sons, William, Edward and Sheshbazzar and one daughter, Frances, married to S. F. Coopei", all living. 2. Sheshbazzar Bentley, born November 27, 1802, mar- ried Elizabeth Shouse in 1825. Sketch later on. 3. Elizabeth Bentley, born March 6, 1805, married Mr. Todd. 4. William Wallace Bentley, born June 22, 1807, unmar- ried, died in the south. 5. Eleanor; 6 George; 7, Benjamin; 8, House; 9, Franklin, died in infancy. 66 THE WALLACES-WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. 10. Martha J. W. Bentley, born December 3, 181G, married John Caldwell Jnly 25, 1842. He was the sou of Joseph Caldwell ITCS-lSoS and Catherine Schwartz Cald- well, of Irish lineage, and was born May 10, 1814. They had three children. i. Francis Narcissa Caldwell, born in 1844, died in 1899, never married. ii. Catharine Caldwell, born in 1847, married Adolpbus Luning and lives in California. iii. Mary Martha Caldwell, born in 1849, was adopted by her uncle B. F. Bentley, and married Alexander McLean Walker in 1871, and died in 1876, leaving no children. Mrs. Caldwell died in 185.3, and after his wife's death, Mr. Caldwell went west and died there. 11. Margaret Bentley, born February 8, 1819. married Robert Mullin. The MuUins are also an old Irish family. They came to this country from Ireland and settled in Cum- berland county. Pa., where William D. Mullin, father of Robert was born, January 6, 1787. He came to Fayette county about 1809 married Margaret Graham and had a family of eight children. Robert, the oldest son. was born December 19, 1814, and married Margaret Bentley; he was engaged in the mer- cantile biisiness until his death. Their children were: i. Orthelia Mullin, born February 28, 1846, was mar- ried to W^illiara McCune, and to them were born two children, Robert Mullin and Edward Howard. ii. Frances E. Mullin, born July 1, 1848, was married to Joseph Cooper. They live in Pittsburg. Have bo children. 12. Benjamin Franklin Bentley, born December 28, BENTLEY FAMILY. 67 1821, married Mary Van Voorliis, a descendant of one of the oldest and largest families in Washington county, tiielr ancestors coming from Holland in 1G70 and settling in the county in 1785. They had no children. 13. Mary Ann Amanda Bentley, born June 3, 1828, was twice married, first to .Joshua N. Stephens and then to Levi Stephens, a brother of .Toshua, descendants of a Welsh familj' that came to this country soon after 1700 and before the Revolution settled in the Monongahela Valley. The children of .Joshua N. and Amanda Stephens are Nathaniel Bentley, Prances Elizabeth and Belle. BENTLEY—SHOUSE FAMILY. 2. Sheshbazzar Bentley, son of House and Frances Wallace Bentley, married Elizabeth Shouse in 1825. Elizabeth Shouse was the daughter of John Shouse, who was one of the pioneer settlers in W^ashington county and was a man of parts. When the war of 1812 broke out, he was captain of a cavalry troop of Williamsport, now Monongahela, which actively participated in the war. Sheshbazzar Bentley was one of the best known, men of his day, large hearted and generous to a degree, and gained considerable prominence in politics, being elected county commissioner in 1835 and sheriff in 1840, being the last sheriff from the river district to the present da.y, and was, as well, prominent in local affairs. He owned a large tract of land below Monongahela City, part of which is now West Monongahela. He died at Washington, Pa., March 20, 1875. They had the following children: i. Roxana Bentley, born .July 1, 1827, married Dr. 68 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. Aaron Gamble. They had one son. Sheshbazzar Bentley Gamble, now a resident of Colorado Springs, Colo. ii. Mirabell Bentley, born October 28, 1829, married William Moore and had two children, Jennie ^Vilson, wife of J. W. D. Stovell, of Colorado Springs, and Mirabell, who died in early womanhood. Mr. and Mrs. Stovell have three children: Jack, James and William. iii. Sarah Jane Bentley. Sketch later. iv. William Wallace Bentley, born June 28, 183G, mar- ried Mary Bowman, of Brownsville, for his first wife, and Louise White, of Bvansville, Ind., for his second wife, and they had one son, W^lliiam Wallace Bentley, who lives near Pittsburg. V. Lanthus Bentley, born May 7, 18o9. unmarried, died November 15, 1887; he served one term as district attorney of Washing-ton county. vi. Marsena and vii. Eudora, died young. iii. Sarah Jane Bentley, born February 7, 1832, married William Hugh Wilson, November 15, 18H0. Mr. Wilson was born Noveml)er 30, 1833, and is a descendant of the old Wilson family of Carlisle, Pa., originally from Ireland. His father was Joseph Wilson, who was the son of Hugh Wil- son. The latter came to Monongahela City in 1810, and was one of the first ruling elders in the Presb.vterian church there, a strong Presbyterian of the Scotch-Irish school, of great piety and much force of character. Among his many religious books were a book of prayers, published in 1710, which is a family heirloom, and a rare old Bible of great size, which came from Ireland and contains carefully preserved records of the Wilson family. BENTLEY FAMILY. 69 Hugh Wilson's wife was Sibby Holmes. She attended the ball given in Philadelphia in honor of the Declaration of Independence, and the gray satin gown she wore on that occasion is a valued treasure of the family. William H. Wilson and wife had the following children: 1. Margaret Elizabeth Wilson, born August 28, 1861, was married to William C. Hodill May 20, 1888, and had two children, William Philip Courtney and Bettie. ii. William Wallace Bentley Wilson, born May 16, 1863, died November 11, 1865. iil. Jennie Stuart Wilson. Sketch later. iv. Maude Wilson, born June 15, 1869, was married to John Nesbit Jenkins August 15, 1900. V. Roxana Bentley Wilson born April 5, 1871, died November 11, 1871. vi. Eliza Logan Wilson, born June 17, 1873. iii. Jennie Stuart WMlson born August 29, 1865, was married to William Herron Alexander, June 14, 1888. They have one child, Jean Alexander. By this marriage two of the early families of Monongahela City were united, the Wilson family being resident since 1816, and the Alexander family since 1828. Hugh Wilson and Joseph Alexander both had trading stores. Joseph Alexander was born April 1, 1795, and died June 20, 1871, and spent nearly all his life in business in Monongahela City. His father, Joseph Alexander, Sr., born July 9, 1765, died June 9, 1847, was a man well known in his day for his abolitionist views. He served in the war of 1812 as Forage Master in Captain Thomas L. Jack's company, Second Regiment, commanded by Colonel Robert 70 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. L. Patterson, Second Detachment of Pennsylvania militia in service of the United States from October 2, 1812 to April 2, 1813 under command of Brigadier General Rich- ard Crooks in the Northwest army under General William H. Harrison, While the term of service was not long, the historian Spencer says that the Pennsylvania troops suf- fered very great hardships during the winter dragging the artillery and stores from Sandusliy to the Rapids. As Forage Master Joseph Alexander, Sr., employed his son, Joseph Alexander, Jr., (1795-1871) and Thomas Corwin, afterwards the famous statesman, to assist him in teaming supplies for the army, and the two boys roomed and slept and took the hardships of army life together. Joseph Alexander, Sr. was the son of Isaac Alexander, born in Maryland, December 16, 1715, died 1792. Isaac was the first of this branch to settle in Western Pennsylvania, having been granted a patent for 3G5 acres of land on Ten Mile creek, near what is now Fredericktown, Washington county, Pennsylvania, March 25, 1788. His father, Elias Alexander, was a Marylander, born 1080, died 1780. The Alexanders are represented in the business life of the community at the present day by the bank bearing their name and have been active and foremost in local affairs for several generations. Joseph Alexander admitted his son, the late William J. Alexander to an interest in his store in 1843 under the name of J. Alexander & Son, which title existed until 1850, when the present name of Alexander & Co. was adopted and the banking business established. In 1800 James S. Alexander, a younger son of Joseph BENTLEY FAMILY. 71 Alexander was admitted to the firm, which was further enlarged by the admittance of Joseph A. Herron, a grand- son of Joseph Alexander, in 1871. On the death, in 1894, of William J. Alexander, William H. Alexander and Frederick K. Alexander, sons of James S. Alexander were admitted. CHAPTER VI. Greer-Gregg Families. III. George Beiitley Wallace, boru March 19, 1784. IV. Margaret Wallace, born May 20, 178C, was married to .John Greer, February IG, 1807. Children: 1. Eleanor Bentley Greer, born April 30, 1808, married Duprez, and they moved, it is believed to Louisville, Ky., where some of their descendants at one time lived. 2. Frances Bentley Greer, born June 8, 1810. 3. rfarah Selina Greer, born July 28, 1812, maiTied Rev, W. E. Post, of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, sixth pastor of the church at Washington, Pa., who was con- verted at the great camp meeting held in September 1831. He was the son of Ephraim Post, of Upper Ten Mile Presbyterian Church, an old pioneer family, who was one of five members of that church who wrote January 1831 to the president of the Cumberland (C. P.) College, Princeton, Ky., requesting that Cumberland Presbyterian preachers be sent there, and helped to organize the church in Wash- ington county. Great revivals of religion attended the formation of this chui'ch, the people melting in tears, and as mauy as 120 persons coming forward at one time for the prayers of the church. GREER-GREGG FAMILIES. 73 This was followed by a camp meeting held September 1831 for one week, 250 families being on the ground. It was the greatest meeting the evangelists had ever known, Mr. Morgan, one of them, saying: "We had attended many meetings but this surpassed any we had ever seen. Several times when the anxious were invited, we counted some 250 on the seats at one time. Convictions of sin were more general, deeper and more rational than any we had ever before noticed, and conversions the clearest, attended with the most overwhelming joy and peace. It was common to see pei'sons of age and intelligence overwhelmed by a sense of their sins, and their lost and miserable condition, in the deepest anguish of soul. From this sad and affecting condition they would seem all of a sudden to awake into light and joy the most ecstatic and indescribable." Rev. W. E. Post and family moved to Ohio and all trace of them was lost. Mrs. Greer died March 23, 1813, when Eleanor B., and Sarah Selina Greer her daughtei's, were taken home and reared by Mrs. George Wallace Bentley, but there is no record of the other child, Frances B. Greer, who it is sup- posed died in infancy. V. Martha Wallace, born September 5, 1788, married James Agnew Smith. See sketch in Smith family. VI. William Wallace, Jr., born August 20, 1790, was married to Eleanor Gregg June 14, 1811. She was the daughter of John Gregg, who came from Ireland in 1791, and settled in what Is now East Pike Run township, Wash- ington county. Pa., with his brothers Henry Gregg and William Gregg. They owned a large quantity of land 74 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. between West Brownsville and Belle Vernon, some of which still belongs to their descendants. They had one child, Sarah Gregg Wallace, born May 1, 1812. .\Irs. Wallace died December 20, 1813, and Mr. W^^l- lace died in Maryland where he had gone with a drove of horses. September 25. 1820. He was a .soldier of the war of 1812 in the Maryland service. Sarah Gregg Wallace was married to John R. Gregg Novemoer 29, 1832. He was born April 5, 1810, and was the son of Robert and Ann Robinson Gregg, and grandson of William Gregg, one of the three brothers who settled in the country together. John R. Gregg in early life was a school teacher, and was afterwaixls a merchant in Green- field. Mr. Gregg died April 17, 1885. and Mrs. Gregg June 5, 1871. They had the following children: 1. Eleanor Martha Gregg, born January 27, 1834. now lives at Stockdale, Fa. 2. Anne .jane Gregg, born September 23. 1830, mar- ried Lewis Whittaker Morgan October 27, 1857. He was born at Waynesburg. Pa., November 5, 1830, the son of William M. and Mary Whittaker Morgan. The Morgans were Quakers and of Welsh descent, and came to Pennsyl- vania from Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Maiy W^. Morgan was the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Lewis Whittaker, who came to this country from Ireland in 1797 to York, Pa. L. W. Morgan moved to Greenfield in 1844, and began business in California, Pa., May 1851, keeping the first general store in the town. He was on the river for sev- eral years after this, serving as hrst clerk on the mail line of steamboats, the longest term being on the "Telegraph," GREER- GREGG FAMILIES. 75 under Capt. Woodward. After leaving the river on account of his health, he went into the merchandising and coal busi- ness, continuing until 1888. He is now engaged in the grocery business at California, Pa. He and his family are members of the M. E. Church. He was elected superixi- tendent of the Sunday School at its organization and served in that capacity for 20 years. He has been trustee in the Normal School at California, Pa., since its incorporation, and is the only member who has served continuously. He was the first president of the board of trustees. Politically he is a Prohibitionist. Children: P. W. Morgan, born December 27, 1862, married Annie Amelia Kendig, daughter of Rev. M. S. Kendig, December 27, 1898. He was graduated at the Normal School at his home, and is now cashier of the East Pittsburg National Bank at Wilmerding, Pa. Mary Woodwaixl, born April 22, 1860; William Wallace, born in 1864; John Charles, born April 20, 1866, and Lewis Lambert, born July 20, 1870, are all dead. Elizabeth Holmes Morgan, born Februai-y 22, 1868, was graduated from the Normal School at her home in 1885. Albert Thomas Morgan, born October 8, 1872, was graduated at the Normal School in 1891, Dickinson Law School in 1898, and is practicing law at Washington, Pa. 3. William Henry Gregg, born Januaiy 24, 1839, mar- ried Mai-y L. Lambert September 22, 1880. Children: Sarah Amanda i.nd Mary Ella died young. John R. Gregg, born May 3, 1888. Lucetta Jane Gregg, born January 19,1890. Elizabeth Morgan Gregg, born February 15, 1892. 76 THE WALLACES— WASHINGTON COUNTY, PA. Joseph Etta Gregg, born September 23, 1895. Mr. Gregg served four years during the Civil War, in Company I First West Virginia Cavahy, and was a good soklier, serving his country faithfully. Mrs. Gregg was born J,une 18, 1857, in Greenfield, the daughter of .Joseph and Amanda Lambert. The latter was the daughter of William and Mary Hornbake, born at Belle Vernon, Pa. Mr. Lambert was born in Allen township, Washington county. Pa., March 4, 1833. His father, William Lambert, was born in County Wexford, Ireland in 1784, came to America when a young man, and married Lydia Jones near (Greenfield about 1823, whose father, John Jones, a teacher and Quaker, came to this country with William Penn. Wil- liam Lambert was a Catholic and his wife became also a member of that church. Two of their sons became Catholic Priests, and their daughter a Sister of Mercy. Mr. Lam- bert died in 18G8 and Mrs. Lambert in 1871, both being l)uried in the Catliolic cemetery at Elizabeth, Pa. Joseph A. Lambert is dead and is buried in the Catholic cemetery at Coal Centre. Elizabeth Wallace died June 24, 1818, and Col. William deceased. Elizabeth Wallace died June 24, 1818. and Col. William Wallace April 24, 1821, and were buried on their homestead near Bentleysville, where they had lived together for nearly forty years. III. Rev* John Smith Family* CHAPTER I. Rev. John Smith, Rev. Joliu Smith was born in 1747, near Stirling, Scot- land; was graduated at tlie University of Glasgow, and studied tlieology with Prof. Moncrieff at Alloa, near Stirl- ing, on the river Forth. He was ordained in 17G9 by the Associate Presbytery of Stirling, with a view of going as a missionary to America. In the late fall of 1770, Revs. John Smith and John Rogers were appointed missionaries to America and sailed for their new home, arriving late in the winter. They attended a meeting of the Presbytery at Pequea, Pa., June 4, 1771, and became members of it. The Associate Church of North America began in 1750, when the first application was made for preaching, 13 years after the secession from the Church of Scotland. Another application was made in 1770, which led to the appoint- ment of Revs. Smith and Rogers. Before the close of tlie year 1771, Rev. Smith received a call to preach from Guinston, York county. Pa., and Middle Octoraro, Lancaster county, Pa., and accepted the latter, being installed May 6, 1772, adding Oxford to his charge March 19, 1783. After the Union, the Covenanter Church 80 REV. JOHN SMITH FAMILY. of Octoraro was also added to his church. He remained here until 1794. The congregations grew rapidly, so much so that on May 20, 1776, the Presbytery was divided into those of New York and Pennsylvania, Rev. smith being a member of the latter, in which all his work was done. In 1774 the Reformed Presbytery was constituted in Pennsylvania, and in 1777 a plan of union was proposed between the Associate (Seceders) Presbytery of Pennsyl- vania, and the Reformed (Covenanters) Presbyteiy of Penn- sylvania, to be called the Associate Reformed Presbytery. The agitation was kept up, and in April 1781, Revs. John Smith and William Marshall were appointed a committee, to draw up an ultimatum upon which the Associate Church would enter the communion of the Reformed Pi-esbytery, which was unanimously adopted by the Associate Pres- bytery, but was rejected by the Reformed Presbytery. Another meeting was held November 29, 1781, in the report of which it is said, that "Mr. Smith, who was a man highly gifted, especially as a public speaker, directed all his efforts to secure a majority in favor of the Union." It was again brought up June lo, 1782, before the Associate Pres- bytery, which voted for the Union, and it was completed. The Associate Synod of Scotland August 31, 1785, con- demned the action, and held Rev. Smith and the others who voted for it. "to be in a state of apostasy," and the two members not voting for it, were constituted the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania. Later nearly all these minis- ters returned to the Associate Church, Rev. Smith on account of the statement of principles of the Associate Reformed Presbytery not being satisfactory. REV. JOHN SMITH. 81 He was one of the ablest advocates of the Union; and in a report on the subject of Psalmody, adopted by the Associate Reformed Synod of America in 1838, he is called "One of the fathers of the Associate Reformed Church." In the trying and stirring days of the Revolution, the ministers of these churches were in earnest and active sympathy with the Colonists, some of them being chaplains in the army. Rev. John Smith w'as settled at Octoraro most of the time he was in eastern Pennsylvania, but by request was one of the tirst preachers in Washington county, Pa. Rev. .John McMillan, D. D., was the earliest Presbyterian minister settled in the county, first visiting it in 1775, and was located permanently as pastor of the Chartiers and Pigeon creek churches in 1778. Rev. Tliaddeus Dodd became pastor of Ten Mile Pres- byterian church in 1777, and Rev. Joseph Smith, of Cross creek and Buffalo churches in 1779. The Peters creek Baptist Church was constituted November 10, 1773, Rev. John Whitteker pastor. In 1773 members of the Associate Church in Peters township made application to the Presbytery of Pennsyl- vania, for preaching, and in answer to their prayers, Revs. John Smith and John Rogers visited them, but did not organize a church, that being done by Rev. Matthew Hen- derson in 1778, who first visited the section in 1775. Revs. Smith and Rogers were probably the first members of the Presbyterian faith to preach in the county, if not the first of any church. Upon the death of Rev. Matthew Henderson in October 82 REV. JOHN SMITH FAMILY. 1705. pastor of the Chartiers Associate Church, Canonsburg, Pa., Rev. Smith was called, and became its pastor Novem- ber 15, 179G, remaining as snch until January 21, 1802. He was also pastor of the Peters Creek Associate Church at the same time. It was said of him while pastor here, that he was "A man of superior intellectual ix)wers and a very popular speaker." The Associate Synod of North America was constituted at Philadelphia May 20, ISOi, of which Rev. Smith was Moderator. Soon after 1800. Revs. John Smith and John Anderson were appointed to issue a warning on the evil of slave- holding. They made a report in which they pronounced slaveholding a moral evil, and urged the necessity of fuliy instructing the people in reference to its nature. December 20, 1797, while he was pastor of the Chartiers Church, the trustees purchased 4 acres, 2 roods and 15 perches of land from John Canon, founder of Canonsburg. for which they paid 45 pounds. One of the trustees was Samuel Agnew, brother of Mrs. Smith, who came to Char- tiers creek in 1780. The land was situated about one mile southwest of Canonsburg. on which the congregation erected their first meting house, and the remaining portion was used as a burial place by the people of Canonsbiix'g and vicinity, now known as "Oak Spring Cemetery." The house was built of round logs daubed with clay, some of the logs having been cut to give light. The seats were of round poles laid on blocks. It had no fire place, stove or chimney. There the congregation would sit for two sermons, in cold winter days, without fire, and no glass REV. JOHN SMITH. 83 in tlie windows. The church served by Rev. Smith is now the Chartiers U. P. Church. The old log house gave way to one built of limestone, which was succeeded by a brick church in 1834. This was torn down in ISrtg, and the pi'esent church edifice in Canonsburg was erected in its place and dedicated in March 1870. After his release here. Rev. Smith served a while in Alexandria, Va., and after his release there he lived on a farm near Canonsburg, where he died March 25, 1825. The day before his death, a Chronicler says: "He attended the fiuieral of a neighbor, Mr. Weller, and after the interment he returned with the family to the house of the deceased. Several other friends were present, and he delivered a vex'y solemn and pertinent address. He remained over night, and next morning at the breakfast table, after asking the blessing, he reclined his head backwards and immediately expired without a struggle or groan." A churcli historian said of him: "In mental force, in theological learning and in pulpit power, Mr. Smith had few eqvials, and perhaps no supeiiors, among all the ministers with whom he was ecclesiastically associated, and soon after the Union of 1782, he was designated by the Associate Reformed Synod, as a suitable person to take oversight and instruction of its theological students." This position he held for about ten years. Mrs. Smith died August 2C,, 1805 CHAPTER II. Hugh Scott Family Rev. John Smith was married to Anne Agnew, the granddaughter of Hugh Scott, who came from the Nortli of IreLnnd to Pennsylvania, and settled in Chester county about 1()70. Hugh Scott had a son Abraham, bom in Chester county in KiTT, who had children as follows: Ann born October 1(>9!), Samuel 1705, Rebecca December 17. 1707, Alexander 1710, Grace, Hugh 1726, Josiah 1735, two of whom Hugh and .Josiah, settled in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Rebecca became the second wife of James Agnew in 1737, and had nine children: Samuel born January 29, 1738, Martha born September 9, 1740, James born May 1, 1742, David born July 17, 1743, Margaret born August 27, 1745, Rebecca born May 3, 1747, Sarah born May 15, 1749, Abraham l)orn December 23, 17.50,\Anue born Oc tober_ 3, 1753, two of whom, Samuel and Anne, became residents of Washington county. Pa. Hugh Scott settled in Nottingham township. Washing- ton county. Pa., in 1773. He was one of the five elders of the Pigeon Creek Presbyterian church, organized by Rev. HUGH SCOTT FAMILY. 85 Dr. Jolm McMillan November 1776, the oldest Presbyterian cliurch in the county. He was one of the five trustees appointed to divide the county into townships, and to pur- chase ground for a public building for the county; was in the first grand jury panel October 2, 1781; was elected a member of the Council of Censors on the second Tuesday of October 1783, and was commissioned Justice of the Peace November S, 1788. He was married 1754 to Jeuuett Agnew, daughter of James Agnew by his first wife, and they had nine children. His daughter Rebecca married George Van Emau, of Wash- ington county. Pa., in 177G, and their daughter Rebecca married Hon. Joseph Lawrence, of the same county, from whom descended Hon. George V. Lawrence and the other members of the well known Lawrence family of western Pennsylvania, so prominent in political councils. Mr. Scott died in 1819. Josiah Scott married Violet Foster in 17G0. They settled in what is now South Strabane township, Washing- ton county. Pa., in 1773. They had twelve children. Their son Alexander married Rachel, and their son Rev. Abraham married Rebecca, daughters of .John McDowell of North Strabane township. Mr. McDowell came to the county in 1773. His wife was a sister of David Bradford, one of the most prominent leaders in the Whiskey Insurrection. Mr. McDowell was one of the first commissioners of Washington county in 1781, was a member of the legislature and associate judge of the county. Rev. Dr. McMillan preached his first sermon in the 86 REV. JOHN SMITH FAMILY. county in the log house of Mr. McDowell. In the diary of Dr. McMillan, he says: '"1775, the fourth Sabbath of August, preached at John McDowell's (Chartiers Church). Monday rode aoout six miles to Patrick McCullough's on Pigeon creek, Tuesday preached at Arthur Forbes' (the first sermon in the bounds of the Pigeon creek Presbyterian Church) and lodged with Pati-ick Scott." John Scott, son of Josiah, married Isabella, daughter of Isaac Vance, who settled in what became Somerset town- ship about 1770; and Mary, daughter of Josiah, married William Cotton, and Betsy, Robert Stephenson, of two of the early pioneer families of the county. Mr. Scott and wife died of cholera in 1819. From these two brothers have come many of the promi- nent Scotts of western. Pennsylvania and Ohio, and other connections of different names, who have held high and Important positions in the professions and politics. Samuel Agnew, sou of James and Rebec. and located in KeokuK. la., where he has been in the foundry and machine shop business since 1869. Tliey have the following children: i. Mary, ii. Nannie, iii. Cora Belle died young, iv. John Alexander bpi-n March 31, 1875, is in business in Chicago. V. Nellie Margaretta born September 7, 1879, married SMITH -WHITE FAMILY. 91 Henry Rix Collisson 1898, who is in business in Keokuk, la. Children: Sidney Dial and David McElroy. vi. David White born June 5, 1888. 3. Robert Murray McElroy born March 28, 1846, served in the Fifth Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery from September 1SH4 to July 1865. He contracted disease in the service and died May 4, 1866. 4. John Alexander McElroy born June 30, 1848, mar- ried Lily W. Jones, Canton, Mo., June 6, 1880. Children: John Harrison, David White, Julia Anna, Robert Lee. Mr. McElroy went to Missouri in 1869, and moved to Keokuk, la., in 1890, where he is in business. He served in the Fifth Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery from September 18(i4 to July 186.5. V. Murray A. White married Margaret G. Smith. See sketch in Smith-Wallace family. VI. John White died single. VII. David White married Mary B. Crane, youngest daughter of Rev. Simeon H. Crane, Presbyterian minister at Lexington, Ky., March 27, 1849. Children; Simeon Harrison born August 3, 1850, Harriet McCullough born September 18, 1852,Anna Burrows born November 18, 1854, David McCullough born January 1, 1857, and Frederick Crumbaugh White born July 13, 1860. VIII. Rebecca married Rev. James Brown, of Alyth, Scotland, no children. Rev. Brown by his first marriage to Miss Nancy T. Anderson, had 5 daughters, 3 dying young. 1. Isabella marrieti Isaiah G. Moore and had 4 children, one living, Annie, a teacher in the Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. 92 REV. JOHN SMITH FAMILY. 2. Eliza J. married Dr. O. B. Given, pliysician at the Indian Scliool, Oarisle, Pa., and had children, James and John. IX. Jane married Nathaniel McCrea. Children: Anne, John Pressley, David W., William E., Cora and Walter. Cora married N. Messer, of Keokuk, la., and they now live in California. Children: Edith and Donald. CHAPTER IV. Smith-Wallace Family. James Agnew Smith married Martha Wallace, daugh- ter of Col. William Wallace, of Somerset township, Septem- ber 7, 1809. The ceremOuy was performed by Rev. Boyd Mercer, second pastor of the Pigeon Creek Presbyterian church, organized in 1775. He was called by this church April 22, 1794. Mr. Smith w^as educated for the ministry of the U. P. church, but followed the profession of teaching for a num- ber of years in the district schools. For some time he was a merchant in Williamsport, and later lived for three years on a farm in Union township. After that he moved to Greenfield, where he was in business for a while. He was a man greatly beloved because of his high character and practical piety. He was quiet and reserved, doing his duty faithfully as it was pre- sented to him. He died in 1860 at the home of his daugh- ter, Margaret G. White, his wife having died July 26, 1855. They had the following children: 1. Elizabeth Wallace Smith born July 31, 1810, un- married. She was a noble Christian woman, a member of 94 REV. JOHN SMITH FAMILY. the M. E. cliurch, and enjoyed the love of all who met and knew her. Some years after the death of her sister, Eleanor, wife of Francis Reader, she became an inmate of that family, and took the place of a mother in helpinc; to rear the children of her sister. There she remained until the chil- dren married and made homes of their own. and then became a member of the family of Eleanor M. Hertzog, the youngest child of Francis Reader where she died. These children always recognized the devotion and care of their aunt with gratitude. II. Margaret Greer Smith born August 17, 1813, mar- ried Murray A. White, son of David and Anne Smith White, November 17. 1831. Mr. White was a prominent business man in Allegheny, la., for several years, engaged as cabinet maker and undertaker, and was afterward in the coal busi- ness, later removing to California Pa., where he died July 1, 1871, and his wife died Januaiy 10, 1890. They were consistent members of the M. E. church. They had the following children : 1. David, .John Hunter, Julia Bell and Charles Murray died in infancy. 2. Anna Martha married Smith C. Fry, and had two children, Herbert who died in infancy, and Anna Margaret. Mr. Fry is the grandson of Abraham and Hester Fry, who came from New Jersey to Fallowfield township, Washing- ton county. Pa., about the time of the Revolution. They had 10 children, of whom Thomas married Anna West, daughter of Samuel and Eunice West, of the same town- ship, and they had 12 children. Smith C. Fry being next to SMITH -WALLACE FAMILY. 95 the youugest. Smith and his wife moved to Woodford county, 111., in December 18G(J, and engaged in farming, and in December 1899 moved to Sloan, Iowa. 3. James A. S. White was nearly all his life a river- man. He was mate of several boats on the Monongahela river, and afterwax'd was on the locks, the later years of his life being in the employ of the U. S. Government at Lock No. 1, Pittsburg, Pa. His services were always held in high esteem, and he was a valuable and reliable man wherever called to work. At the breaking out of the Civil War, he enlisted April 25, 1801, in Capt. Cooper's Co. G. 12th Pa., Monongahela City, Pa., for the 3 months service, and afterwards became a member of Co. D. 22nd Pa. Cavalry, one of the famous "Ringgold Battalion," in which he served for 3 years, making a service of 3 years and 3 months. He was a faithful soldier, always ready for duty, and always in active, service, possessing a genial, happy disposi- tion, which made him a universal favorite among his com- rades. There was no gloom when "Dixie," as the boys called him, was about, but good nature and innocent fun on his part, routed the blues and homesickness. Upon his return home he entered upon a life of unselfish devotion to his parents and family, and upon the death of tl'.e former, he and his brother and sister Hannah, formed a family that was unbroken until his death. They were all active and zealous members of the M. E. church, and true servants of their Divine Master. James was a promi- nent Odd Fellow, and a member of Post 3, Grand Army of the Republic, of Pittsburg. He was a noble man, as 96 REV. JOHN SMITH FAMILY. true as character can make a good man, and one who deserves honor at the hands of the country he served so well. He died July 29, 1900. 4. Hannah Morrison lives in Pittsburg, Pa. 5. Murray Agnevp lives in Pittsburg, Pa. III. Julia Ann R. Smith born August 22, 1815, married Jolm H. Storer December 26, 1845. Mr. Storer was a mem- ber of one of the old Nottingham township families, his mother being a daughter of John Holcroft. They were a family of high character, and ability, some of their descend- ants having achieved considerable prominence in the pro- fessions and in business. They had two children: 1. Martha Pocahontas Storer, who married James Scott, making their home in Omaha, Neb. Their children were Julia Ann, John and Charles. 2. Kate Storer, who also married, but no record is known of the family. IV. Eleanor Bentley Smith born October 14, 1817, mar- ried Francis Reader. See sketch under head of Reader family. V. Frances Bentley Smith born July 24, 1820, married Dr. Joseph R. Crouch April 29, 1845. Dr. Crouch was born November 5, 1816, was an elder in Glade Run Presbyterian church, and physician at the Soldiers' Orphan School, Day- ton, Armstong county, Pa. He was a man of high character and eminent in his profession. He died October 7, 1882, and Mrs. Crouch died April '6, 1901. They had five children, three dying in infancy. 1. Wallace Hunter Crouch born March 17, 1854, mar- ried Miss Madge Beck September 17, 1885. They have no SMITH -WALLACE FAMILY. 97 childreu. Mrs. Crouch is the daughter of Frederick Beck born in Germany March 12, 1823, and Savilla S. Beck born in Kittanning, Fa., November 24, 1830. Mr. Crouch is a druggist, now residing at Ford City, P>a. 2. Daniel Ogden Crouch born July 15, 1856, married Miss Missouri Goodheart August 8, 1876. Her father, Dr. George Goodheart, was born in Centre county, Pa., and settled in Dayton, Pa., in 1848. He was the founder of Dayton Union Academy, and died October 5, 1852, his wife, Eliza Goodheart, dying March 23, 1900. Mr. and Mrs. Crouch live at Ford City, Pa., and have the following children: Freta Vigne born August 2, 1877, Frances Elizabeth born July 24, 1879, Florida Bernice born January 31, 1882, Frank Wallace and Fern Dell born February 5, 1885, Laura born May 15, 1888, Joseph Ram- sey born January 8, 1891, George Preston born May 26, 1893, Ruth Margaret born December 30, 1897. VI. William Wallace Smith born July 22, 1822, died July 1, 1825. VII. Charles BoUman Smith was born March 5, 1825, and died September 10, 1897. He married Mary Samuels March 20, 1848, and had the following children: 1. James Agnew Smith, railroad carpenter, Conuells- ville, Pa., married Lizzie Grey. Children: Charles, Bessie, Mary, Kate and Julia. 2. Kate Elizabeth Smith, Duquesne, Pa., married Wil- liam Conlin, who died April 9, 1896. Children: Sarah A., graduate California, Pa., Normal School, Mary L., Joseph, Charles and Hazel. 3. John Wallace Smith in the National Rolling Mill, 98 REV. JOHN SMITH FAMILY.. McKeespoi't, Pa., married Carrie Smith. Cliildreu: Mary, Kate, Edith and Charles, all dying in infancy except Charles. 6. Margaret, not married. Martha Wallace and George Bentley Smith died in infancy. VIII. Rebecca Hibelia Smith born October 26, 1827, married Gad H. Tower April 19, 1849, and had the following children: 1. Ada May Tower married Daniel Cable and had one son Gustiue Cable. 2. William Tower. 3. Harry Tower. Birdie died in infancy. Mr. Tower was the son of Edward Tower, a prominent teacher in the Monongahela Valley in the early part of the 19th century, a native of Pennsylvania, who married Martha Cook, granddaughter of Col. Edward Cook, of Fayette county, one of the most prominent men in the Revolutionary period in the history of the valley. IX. William Hunter Smith born March 24, 1830. X. Martha Anne Smith born May 23, 1833, married John S. Stanger. They moved to Illinois, thence to Denver, Col., where Mr. Stanger was editor and proprietor of the "Colorado Farmer," agriculturist and State Senator. He served in the Civil War in the 100th Pa. (Roundhead) regi- ment, for three years. Their children were: Lillian Stan- ger, married George Trevette, and had children Mary, Lily and Lucille: Frederick, Anna. Newton. lY. The Reader Family, I r ,'^ CHAPTER I. The Reader Family. The earliest record we have of the Readers, is through Thomas Palmer, whose family owned the Ravenshaw estate near Solihull, Warwickshire, England. Here Wil- liam Palmer, second son of Thomas, was born in November 1691. He married Elizabeth Knight, of Ipsley, same county, in 1717. They had eight children, of whom three were married as follows: I. Mary born in 1719, married Samuel Reader, Jr., who had no children. II. Martha bom 1732, married Rev. James Kettle, who was pastor for forty years of the Dissenting Congregation, High, street, Warwick. He died at Warwick April 13, 1800, and his wife died at Goventiy April 9, 1814, both being buried in Alderminster church near Stratford-on-Avon. They had no children. III. Elizabeth born 1721, became the second wife of Samuel Reader, Sr., of Tanworth, father of the Samuel Reader by his first wife, who married Mary Palmer. They moved to Honily, in Warwickshire, where they had seven children, two of whom were married, as follows: 102 THE READER FAMILY. 1. Hannah born February 1758, married John William- son, of Coventry, who was a builder and contractor of that city, and later became a magistrate and its Mayor. They had five children. William born November 1752, married Mary White, of High Cross, Rowington, in 1782. Mary White was the daughter of Elizabeth Nason and Joseph White, who were married August 17, 1746. Elizabeth Nason was the daugh- ter of Thomas Nason and Elizabeth Wberritt, who were married October 15, 1715, at St. Mary's Church, Warwick. All lived at Rowington in Warwickshire. In 1784 William Reader and family moved from Row- ington to Honily, which lies about three miles west of Kenilworth, and about five miles northwest of Warwick. The Ravenshaw estate at Solihull, is about fifteen miles west of Kenilworth. The descendants of these families wei'e to be found in Warwick, Coventi-y, Kenilworth, Honily, Wraxall, Birmingham, Stratford-on-Avon, etc. William Reader determined to go to America, and sold his farming stock by auction at Honily on Monday and Tuesday March 12 and 1?., 1804. He took with him to his new home all his family except his eldest son, William. They left Liverpool, England, June 11, 1804, on the American ship "Washington," and reached Philadelphia, Pa,. August 15, after a voyage of 65 days, part of which was very stormy and dangerous. The family remained in the neighborhood of Philadel- phia for some weeks, and while here Mr. Reader wrote a very interesting letter to his son William about the people in that section, which is worthy of preseiwation, as show- WILLIAM READER. 103 ing the impressions our coutttiT made on the minds of these English people. He said in part: "The people here live comfortable and happy, and every person is well dressed and fed. I have not seen a beggar or person of miserable appearance, such as your unhappy country abounds with. There is not the haughty ways in the rich, nor miserable servility in the poor, but all converse on an equality; and the working peo- ple are much better informed, and speak better language, than in England. Every one here let his profession be what it will, may support a family, however numerous, with credit and decency, and lay up something for a rainy day. What a striking contrast between this and England! There it has cost me many a bitter heartache to see a man covered with rags, slaving for a scanty pittance of bread and water, to support a miserable family, without the least prospect of being relieved from it for the remainder of his life." In the fall he bought a wagon and ^ome horses and started for Pittsburg, undergoing the hardships incident to the traveling of that day over the mountains, and through the wilderness evei-y where, but reaching the goal of his long journey happy in the thought of founding a home of his own, and for his children, among the people of the free and promising new country. From this point, then a mere village, he made inquiries for land, and traveled many miles in different directions, to find a site for a home. Among the other places he visited was the "Forks of the Beaver," at the junction of the Mahoning and Shenango rivers in Lawrence county. Pa., where the old Indian town 104 THE READER FAMILY. of Kuskuskee ouce stood, passing along the old Indian trail up the Beaver, through the present town of New Brighton, and the now prosperous valley of the Beaver, then almost a continuous wilderness, with but few homes of white men. Here he found a 'new settlement,' of which he says: "We found the people vei-y iX)or, lived in worse huts than we ever saw and very few of the conveniences of life about them. Their chief employment is hunting. They will take a rifle on their shoulders and be out in the woods for several days and nights together hunting deer and wild beasts. When the place begins to grow they sell the improvements and go back, and people who are more industrious and civilized fill up their places." He remained there eight days and then returned to Pittsburg, not caring to settle among so migratory and uncivilized a people. After returning to Pittsburg, he looked at several improved plantations, and finally selected one on the Monongahela river, in Nottingham township, Washington county. Pa. It contained over 200 acres, for which he was to pay eight dollars per acre. He entered into an article of agreement February 1, 1805, to purchase it. He described its improvements in a letter to his sou, as 'a new house which cost $1,000, a bai'u, stable and some other outbuildings, and a whiskey distilleiy, which proved the ruin of the family (that once owned it and built the distillery) for they all but two died by the love of it.' He located the plantation as "fifteen miles from Pittsburg, 15 from Washington, and 19 from Redstone, all market towns. It is about three miles above Elizabeth on the opposite side and al)out a mile from the river. It is a very thickly WILLIAM READER. 105 settled part of the country, there are four corn mills within two miles of it, a saw mill, a Presbyterian meeting house, twelve stills for whiskey, a tanyard, a porter brewery, and what I prize as much as any of them, a very good school within half a mile of the house. We have two Englishmen for next neig'hboi's, one Wm. Castleman and wife, and the other .John Holcroft from Lancashire, Eng., who came to this country before the Revolution." .John Holcroft was a prominent figure in the Whiskey Insurrection, and was at one time reputed to be the notori- ous "Tom the Tinker" of that period, which was afterwards found to be incorrect. Mr. Reader liad great faith in Mr. Holcroft, and turned to him as the adviser of his family in his property interests, while he made a business ti'ip to his old home in England. From that time the two families Avere close friends, and intermarriages occurred among their descendants. Mr. Reader died in 1808, and the prop- erty was deeded to his widow, Mary Reader, and their children, May 27, 181L William and Mary White Reader had the following chil- dren : I. William Reader born at Rowington, December 28, 1782, was a printer at Coventiy and London, and editor of the "Coventi-y Mercury" for several years. He was educated at Warwick. He married Elizabeth Hadley, of Coventry, May 0, 1815, and had four children: William born September IG. 1810, Harriet born February 10, 1818, Eliza- beth born March 4, 1821, and Charles born February 23, 1824. William Reader remained in England, when his father moved to the United States. CHAPTER 11. Reader-Wallace. II. Elizabeth Reader was born at Kowington, Eng- land, April 18, 1784, and married Robert Wallace March 17, 1807. He was the son of John Wallace, who was born in Connty Antrim, Ireland, about 1750, and came to this coun- try about 1772-73. In 1778 he married Mary Alexander, probably of Cumberland county, Pa., and about the close of the Revolutionary war they moved to western Pennsyl- vania, and settled on Peters Creek, near the line between Washington and Allegheny counties. They had eight chil- dren, two of whom, Robert and William, married two of the daughters of William Reader. They had a large amount of land in what is now Butler and Lawrence coun- ties. Robert Wallace was born in Nottingham township in 1782. After his marriage, they remained in Washington county two years and then moved to his property in Slip- pery Rock where they lived until 1827, and then settled on his property in Lawrence county, where be died February 12, 1847. He was a soldier of the war of 1812. READER-WALLACE. 107 Robert and Elizabeth Wallace, bad tbe following chil- dren : W. R., Martha and John died in infancy. 1. Mary Wallace box'n October 10, 1809, married Andrew Robinson, who had one daughter, Sarah, wife of Silas Stevenson, M. D., Elwood, Pa. 2. Harriet Wallace born February 17, 1811, married John Leeper, who had children as follows: John, William, Henry R., Edward, and Mrs. Eliza Ken*. 3. William Reader Wallace born October 29, 1812, mar- ried Isabella McCracken, of Londonderry, Ireland, January 16, 1836, to whom were born: i. Robert Wallace bom July 2, 1837, married Sarah Young November 2, 1859, their children being Mrs. Jane Wallace OfEutt born August 19, 1800, William R. born April 26, 1863, died April 15, 18(!4, Isabella born March 7, 1865, D. G. born July 24, 1867, married Alsepha Morrison, W. W. born September 15, 1869, Elizabeth G. born January 27, 1872, Robert B. born January 7, 1874, died May 9, 1875, Frank H. born September 19, 1876. ii. Jacob Wallace born May 28, 1839, married Anna Biirk July 4, 1874. Children: Robert born September 4, 1875, Mary E. born February 16, 1878. He was in the 100th Pennsylvania regiment during the Civil War. iii. William Wallace born April 28, 1842, married Amanda Wigton August 27, 1864. Children: Dr. Charles Reader born October 13, 1866, Wilbert born May 2, 1865, Anne Belle born October 20, 1871. He was in the 134th Pennsylvania regiment in the Civil War. iv. John Wallace born May 8, 1846, married Nancy Gil- 108 THE READER FAMILY. more January 8, 1870. Cliildren: Mrs. Elizabeth R. Coyne born May 3, 1870, Harry G. born October 14, 1872, Mary Belle born February 20, 1874. died .June 25, 1874, Annie Isa- bella born June 30, 187G. V. (Teorge McC. Wallace born September 18, 1848, mar- ried Nancy I. Rankin February 23, 1875. Children: Sarah A. born December 11, 1875, Elizabeth I. born September 12, 1877, Thomas G. born September 22, 1879, Mary E. born February 2. 1882, Viola O. born October 9, 1883, Wm. R. born August 2, 1880, Maud M. born December 23. 1890. vi. Mary E. Wallace born January 8, 1852, married Georg-e Thompson January 8, 1882. Children: Jane W. born January 11, 1880, Wesley W. born June 27, 1889, Anna Belle born December 15. 1890. 4. Elizabeth Wallace born April 4. 1814, married Jacob McCracken. Children: i. George W. McCracken born January 30, 1838, mar- ried Mary E. McCready. no children. In May 1801. Mr. McCracken enlisted as a private in the Tenth Pennsylvania Reserves, and was mustered out as adjutant June 11. 1804. He received the appointment of Lieutenant Colonel of the 191st Pennsylvania regiment June 1804, and vs'as discharged on account of wounds received at Cold Harbor. He was a civil engineer by profession, and was for many years editor of the LaAvrence Guardian, New Castle, Pa. ii. Elizabeth McCracken born May 15, 1839. iii. Jacob W. McCracken born February 2, 1841, served in the Sixth Pennsylvania Artillery 1864-65. iv. Robert W. McCracken born May 31, 1843, married Matilda J. Ellis. He was in the Civil War and was wounded at Spottsylvania. READER-WALLACE. 109 V. Isabelle V. McCracken born August 17, 1845, married William C. Stewart. vi. Mary Jane McCracken born March 1, 1848, married David W. Stewart. vii. Sarah M. McCracken born May 9, 1850. viii. William F. McCracken born February 21, 1853, married Catherine Peebles. ix. Rosanna H. McCracken born October 22, 1855. X. Margaret A. McCracken born September 19, 1858. 5. Sarah Wallace born April 23, 1816, married Rev. John McComb. Children: Robert W. Mrs. Elizabeth Holli- day, William R., Mrs. Sarah Uber. Mrs. Mary A. Uber, Mx*s. Annie Dennison, John W. 6. Robert Wallace born August 18. 1818, married Anna Maria Pence January 15, 1846. Children: i. Catherine born February 19. 1848, married Morris B. Robinson, M. D., who had children: Mrs. Anna Belle Hezlep. Francis Robinson. ii. Elizabeth born August 25, 1851, married J. G. Mitcheltree. iii. Samuel born August 5, 1853. iv. Robert S. born April 6, 1856, married Mary Mitchel- tree. Children: Pearl, Jane, Anna M., Ida Elmira. V. William H. born December 5, 1859. vi. Anna Jane boni December 7. 1862, married D. M. Hoffmastei'. vii. James G. born September 23, 1865. 7. Jane born March 24, 1826, marx-ied Mr. Cooper. III. Harriet Reader born at Honily, September 3, 1185, where the family moved in 1784. She never married. 110 THE READER FAMILY. VI. Martha Reader born January 20, 1790, unmarried. VII. Mai-y Reader born January 28, 1792, was married in 1817 to William Wallace, born August 26, 1794, who was a brother of Robert Wallace who married Elizabeth Reader. Children: 1. Harriet Reader Wallace born March 1.5, 1818. 2. Maria W. Wallace born. February 13, 1819, married Thomas Liston and had two children, Margaret and Angeline. 3. Louisa Wallace born August 26, 1820. 4. Sarah Wallace born May 18, 1822, mairied Mr. Bisohoff. 5. Henry Reader Wallace born February 17, 1824, mar- ried Catherine Grant August 24, 1859. Children: Elizabeth, Francis Reader married Joan Giles November 1892, Edward Price, Henry Seymour, Joseph Peter. 6. Francis Reader Wallace born January 28, 1826, mar- ried Anne Grant in 1864. Children: William H., Anna Maria, Francis Marion, Elizabeth C, Daisy, Leila Ada. 7. Edwin M. Wallace born February 28, 1828, married Jane Wilson 1869. Children: Lena, and two died in infancy. 8. Charles Reader Wallace born June 25, 1880, mar- ried Elizabeth Rhodes 1861. 9. Mary Jane Wallace born August 26, 1835, died January 10, 1842. VIII. Henry Reader born January 28, 1792, died Sep- tember 25, 1796. IX. Sarah Reader born January 26, 1795, died October 21, 1796. CHAPTER IV. James-Charles Reader. IV. James Reader born February 27, 1787, was mar- ried to Sarah Daily August G, 1812, by George Beutley, Esq. Slie was a resident of Nottingham township, whose ances- tors came to the county as early as 1773, and were promi- nent among the early settlers of that section. Their chil- dren were: 1. William Reader born .Tune 15, 1813, died June 18, 1813. 2. Eliza Reader born February 4, 1815, died August 23, 1830. 3. William Reader born July 23, 1816, was married and had four children, James, Martha, Mary, Sarah. 4. Mary Reader born August 5, 1815, married Absalom Bentley, of one of the old families of the county. They had three children, Sarah Jane, Josephine, Rachel. 5. Julia Reader born January 16, 1821. 6. Jemima Reader born July 16, 1822, died August 27, 1830. 7. James Reader born September 9, 1824. 8. Sarah Reader born August 12, 1826, died January 1, 1827. 112 THE READER FAMILY. 9. Charles B. Reader born December 10, 1827, was x'eared by his uucle, Charles Reader, of Indiana. He mar- ried Elizabeth Gillam December 25, 1849, and had the following children: i. William H. Reader, physican New Amsterdam, Ind., born November 4, 1850, married Kate Wilson and had two children, Georgia and James. He again married. Lucy Dawson, and had five children, Maud, William, Benjamin, Katherine, Dudley. ii. Sarah E. Reader born March 2, 1853, married Wil- liam Rippardan February 9, 1873, and had one child, Zaida born January 9, 1880. died April 4, 1882. iii. Martha Jane Reader born June 13, 1861, married Charles W. Thomas, engineer, May 3, 1891, and had chil- dren, Elizabeth R. and Sarah F. 10. Henry Reader born April 14, 1830, moved to Ken- tucky. The family lived below West Elizabeth, Pa., where James Reader died October 13, 1830. V. Charles Reader was born July 1, 1788, and mar- ried Sarah Applegate, of Washington county. Pa., July 1818. He went to Indiana in 181() and settled on 160 acres of government land which he improved and lived upon until his death November 10, 1858. He was a man of good education, and held offices of trust for about twenty years. Sarah Applegate was born in Washington county, Pa., 1786, and died September 1864, the daughter of William and Mary Applegate, pioneers of that county. They had the following children: 1. William Reader born April 13, 1819, was a graduate JAMES-CHARLES READER. 113 of the Indiana State University and of the Louisville, Ky., Medical College, and began the practice of medicine in 1842, when he married Catharine I. Heath, of Corydon, Ind., where he settled. Tliey had five children: Edwin H., Char- les H., Richard H., Anna E., Laura M. Charles married Rose Wilson and had two daughters Sadie and Laura. Laura married Victor J. Bulleit and had two children, Rose K. and Sarah P. 2. Charles Reader was born September 15, 1821, received a public school education, lived on his father's farm which he purchased at his father's death, until 1870, when he sold it and moved to Mauckport, Ind., where he died in 1896, never having married. 3. Henry Reader was born August 31, 1823, in Harri- son county, Ind., attended public school and the University of Indiana at Bloomington, studied medicine with his brother, William, and was a student at the Medical College Louisville, Ky. He married Sarah A. Darter, Mauckport, Ind., in 1849, practiced medicine there for 15 years, moved to Marshall county. 111., in 1867, and to York, Neb., in 1883, where he died October 28, 1895. They had children: i. William Henry Reader born October 20, 1852, Laconia, Ind., attended public school and Aibingdon College, 111., married Alice H. Vincent February 11, 1880. They moved to Nebraska, settling on a farm south of York where they remained until 1890, when he was elected county clerk, serving for 6 years, after which he engaged in busi- ness in York, moving in 1901 to Carthage, Mo. Their chil- dren were: Frank Edwin born April 7, 1883, Mabel Olive 114 THE READER FAIMILY. born May 2, 1S85, Wilton Kenney born February 14, 1890, and Helen Vincent born. April 19, 1892. Two children died in infancy. ii. Lafayette Darter Reader was oorn at Mauckport. Ind., Fel)rnary l(i, 1855. -He is unmarried and lives at York, Neb. iii. Minerva Darter Reader born July 9. 1857, married Daniel N. Blood. Henry, 111., February 1<|, 187G. and moved to a farm in York county, Neb. Cliildren: Minerva Reader born .January 22, 1877. married .T. R. Barnes November 20. 1895, and liave one son Harry B. Barnes born February 19. 1897. Mary Alice liorn August 27, 1879, married Herbert T. Bone March 3, i900, shippng clerk for the Booth Packing Co., Sioux Cit.v, la. Charles Reader born May 1, 1888, and Daniel H. born July 5, 1892. iv. Anna Cora Reader born October 20, 1803. married William S. Calef, Henry, 111., September 10, 1882. moved to Nebraska in 1883, and later went to Chicago, where he is employed by the Swift Packing Co. Children: Sewall born April 31, 1884, Harry Reader born November 21, 1886, Elsie Geneva born October 18. 1889, Fred Clark born June 1, 1893, Laura Augusta born March 22, 1898. V. Edwin Scott Reader born June 7, 1865, was train dispatcher for a number of years on the Chicago & Alton R. R., in Illinois, and on other roads in Nebraska. In 1899 he enlisted in the U. S. Signal corps, served 2 years in the Philippines, was discharged October 15, 1901, and was appointed auditor of telegraph reports and accounts for the Philippine Islands, which he now holds. JAMES-CHARLES READER. 115 vi. Augusta Tlirasher Reader was born at Mauckport, Ind., August 7, 1867, is a graduate of York, Neb., high school, and is employed as a stenographer in that place. 4. Mary Reader was born June 11, 1825, and married Isaac Love, a prominent attorney of Corydou, Ind., where she lived until her death in September 1852. Mr. Love was a graduate of the Indiana State University and Law School at Bloomington, Ind., beginning practice about 1840, and died in 1859. Tliey had one daughter, Agnes. 5. Elizabeth Reader was born October 31, 1828, and died in 1840. (5. James M. Reader was born Februaxy 17, 1830, and married Laura V. Carroll. He was a graduate of the Indiana State University, and engaged in the dry goods business at Mauckport, Ind., afterwards moving to New Cambria, Mo., where he was in the grocery business. They had three children: Walter C, Emma A., Benjamin F. Emma A. married Daniel Sherman and had one son, Benjamin. James M. married a second time and had three chil- dren, Charles, Maud, Chyler. 7. Benjamin F. Reader was born October 31, 1833, was educated in the common schools and engaged in mer- chandising. He married Sarah McCarty September 1860, and they had one daughter, Jessie, who married William Jeffries and -had four children. 8. Sarah E. Reader was born April 2, 1836. She was educated in the seminary at Mauckport, Ind., and married Henry Fechyeu, a merchant of that place, September 9, 1860, and had five children, Charles J., William H., Laura M., John B., Benjamin K. 116 THE READER FAMILY. Laura M. married Daniel Sherman, now postmaster at Maucliport, Ind., February 28, 1883, and liad tliree chil- dren, Lee F., Sarah E., George R. 9. Agues A. Reader born September 30, 1839, was educated in the schools at Mauckport, and married John P. Beard, a merchant of that place, January 11, 18G0. They moved to York, Neb., buying a farm there, where they now reside. They had six children: Cora born February 17, 1SG2, married Merrit A. Green, in business at Rossland, B. C. Charles R. born May 10, 1SG4, lives in York, Neb. Jesse S. born September 25, 1807, in business in San Francisco, Cal. John F. born June 18, 1870. lives in York. Neb. Maud born March 28, 1876, lives in York, Neb. Lee O. born November 11, 1879. CHAPTER IV. Henry Reader-George Trumbo. X.^ Henry Reader born October 2, 1796, married Mrs. Margaret Kountz in, 1839. Their children were: 1. James born May 27, 1840, married Miss Miriam Burns May 27, 1862 Children: i. Francis Albert born February 10, 1863, was twice married, childi-en. Earl, Emmett, Raymond. ii. Olivia born October 6, 1866, married George Phillips, children, Osessa Overa, Pearl Elizabeth. iii. Charles W. born August 12, 18b9. iv. Nellie born August 10, 1871. V. James Melvin born March 20, 1875, married Annie E. Brown, and has one child, Mildred Glades. vi. Henry Wilford born August 1, 1877. vii. Mary born August 18, 1879, married Chas. Fogle. James Reader volunteered in the U. S. service October 16, 1862. serving as second sergeant In Co. G. 68th Penn- sylvania Volunteers, and was discharged July 24, 1863. 2. Henry Reader born February 24, 1842, died May 14, 1865. 3. Milo E. Reader born 1844, married Miss Caroline Knapper. Children: 118 THE READER FAMILY.- i. William H. born May 8, 1867, married Nannie Zort- man. ii. Annie H. born April 3, 1870, died August 28, 1894. iii. Martha born September 16, 1872. iv. Margaret E. born August 5, 1875, married Elijah Baker. V. Carrie A. born February 26, 1878. vi. Clara P. born June 29, 1880. vii. Sarah born September 9, 1883, died November 13, 1883. viii. Grace L. born November 18, 1884. ix. Mary D. born February 2, 1892. X. Eva A. born July 29, 1894. 4. Harriet Reader born .June 8, 1847, married A. G. Dunlap. Children: Henry, Walter, Albert, Olive, Hallie, Ira, Zora, Thalia, Lolo. The mother died May 24, 1898. 5. Margaret Reader born January 30, 1850, married Daniel Stout December 13, 1871, and had one son, Theodore, born September 1, 1873, 6. Francis Reader born September 5, 1852, died February 14, 1855. These families all lived in Beaver county. Fa. XI. Francis Reader born September 23, 1798. See sketch in later chapters. XII. Sarah Reader born June 11, 1800, married George Trumbo January 11, 1827. Mr. Trumbo was born in Allegheny county. Pa., April 30, 1794, in a log house on the old plantation, part of wliich is yet standing. He afterward built a large brick house, in which he died June 10, 1876, Mrs. Trumbo dying July 28, HENRY READER-GEORGE TRUMBO. 119 1876. Mr. Trilinbo was of German descent, his father, John Trumbo, being one of the early settlers in that part of the county adjoining- Washington county, where he owned several plantations. Mr. Trumbo was a soldier of the war of 1812. He and wife were members of the English Lutheran church. They had the following children: 1. Harriet Reader Trumbo born July 11. 1828, unmar- ried. 2. Eliza W. Trumbo born September 2, 1830, married John Stout June 23, 1859, and had the following children: i. Harriet C. married Adam Forsythe, children: Charles E., William J., Grace Clara. ii. Charles E. married Lizzie McGowan. Children: Cordelia, Mabel E. He was superintendent of a boatyard at Homestead. Pa., when he died aged 32. ill. William W. married Martha Lloyd. Children: Flor- ence. Roy, Mereda. iv. .Teaunette M. married Louis Roos, and had one son, Joseph Lester. V. f^rank Reader married Anna V. Cook. Children: Eva, Eliza W., Jean M., Vera C. He is superintendent of a steel works at Duquesue, Pa. vi. Sarah E. died July 22, 1890, aged 19. vii. George L. died December 29, 1893, aged 18. The father, John Stout, died June 11, 1884, and Mrs. Stout August 8, 1893. 3. Wellington Trumbo was born June 2, 1832, unmar- ried. 4. Gilbert N. Trumbo born August 17, 1835, married 120 THE READER FAMILY. Miss Lavina Garrett December 29, 1864, and had the follow- ing children: i. Alice C. married John Bower. ii. John S. unmarried. iii. Ida M. married Wm. Wickham and they have one son. iv. Grace married Israel Wakefield, and have one son, Gilbert I. V. James Duff unmarried. Mr. Trumbo died September 20, 1887. 5. Clarissa V. Trumbo born May 28, 1838, unmarried. Also one son and one daughter who died in infancy. XIII. Edwin Reader born May 25, 1802, married Cathe- rine Mellinger in 1834, and had no children. CHAPTER V. Francis Reader-Catherine James. Francis Reader was reared on the farm in Notting- ham townsliip, and learned the trade of carpenter and mill- wright. Being of a studious turn of mind, and especially fond of mathematics, in which he was very proficient, he learned civil engineering. He often told of his facilities for study, when after the day's work was over, he lay before the fireplace with pine knots burning for a light, and studied the few books he had, until he thoroughly mastered them. April 14, 1839, he was commissioned Justice of the Peace of Union, township, formed from Nottingham, the first Justice in the township, whch he resigned to go to Greenfield, now Coal Centre, in the same county. Here he followed his trade of carpenter for more than twenty years. In his new home at Greenfield, he held the office of Justice of the Peace for seven terms, being elected June 11, 1S44, April 10, 1849, April 11, 1854, April 10, 1860, April 9, 1867, April 2, 1872, and January 19, 1874, In all about thirty-two years. He heard but comparatively few law suits 122 THE READER FAMILY. in that time, his custom being when litigants came before him. to endeavor to have them settle their disputes without going to law. This made him popular as a peace maker, but it was a failure as a fee gatherer. On October 28, 18G2, he was elected Deputy Surveyor General, now County Sur- veyor, of Washington county. Pa., in which office he served for three years. For many years of the latter part of his active life, he followed the business of civil engineer, particularly in coal lands and coal banks, his work oeing regarded as so correct, that what he did was held as final and binding. Nearly all the old coal lines and mines about Coal Centre, were laid out by him. He also prepared deeds and other work in that line, in connection with his office work. He Avas a member of the Presbyterian church, and a prominent Mason. During the Civil War he was a War Democrat, both of his sons, and two sous in law, serving their country in that war. In his closing years he lived with his daughter, Martha W. Morgan, at Belle Vernon, Pa., where he died April 20, 1884, and was buried in Howe's cemetery near Coal Centre. Francis Reader and Catherine James were married December 25, 1832. She was born March 3, 1804, and was the daughter of William .lames, a farmer of Nottingham township. His father, Richard James, was born in 1733, and married Eliza1)eth .Smith in 17G0, and had ten children. His ancestors were English and came to America in the latter part of the seventeenth century. William James married Elizabeth Gallagher, of Scotch-Irish descent, and thev had eleven children. He served as a fifer during the FRANCIS READER. 123 Revolution until towards its close, and then as Orderly Sergeant. Crumriue's History of Washington county, Pa., says of this family: "Richard James, of Upper Freehold, Monmouth county, N. J., purchased of Gabriel Cox April 25, 1780, 505 acres of land, in which was included the whole of the tract called 'Coxbury' and part of 'Cox's Addition.' " This land was in Nottingham township, which he divided equally between his two sons, Robert born February 10, 17G2, and William James born January 22, 1764. Robert James married Catherine Gallagher, of Allegheny county, a sister of Elizabeth who married William James. To Francis and Catherine Reader were born, Eliza Matilda Reader December 15, 1833, and Samuel James Reader January 25, 1836. The mother died May 19, 1836. The children were taken to La Harpe, 111., by their maternal aunt, Eliza James, in 1841, and moved to Indianola, Kansas May 26, 1855. Here they selected claims of 160 acres of land each, for which they received U. S. patents in 1857, and still own the farms. READER-CAMPDORAS. Eliza M. Reader was married to Dr. M. A. Campdoras at Indianola, Kansas February 22, 1858, and to them were born the following children: 1. Leon S. Campdoras born October 21, 1858. 2. J. Katherine Campdoras born June 25, 1860. 3. Frank Reader Campdoras born April 2, 1862, who was married to Miss Florence Packard, Topeka Kansas, September 22, 1898. 4. Virginia Justine Campdoras bora September 6, 1864, 124 THE READER FAMILY. who married Albert C. Root, of Topeka, Kansas December 24, 1889, to whom was born one child, Irving C. Root May 21, 1891. 5. Grace R. Campdoras born Jnne 14, 18G6. G. Velleda M. Campdoras born December 1, 18G7. 7. Irene M. Campdoras born May 24, 1873. Dr. Campdoras died April G, 1881. Dr. M. A. Campdoras was a native of Thuir, France, and served as surgeon in the French navy from 1845 to December 1851, and came to this country in the spring of 1852, and to Topelia March 1855. After Louis Napoleon's "coup de etat" December 2, 1851, Dr. Campdoras left the French navy, and served as colonel of an Insurgent regi- ment against the regular troops, in the Department of the Yar. After the defeat and dispersion of the "patriot upris- ing," he was exiled; but was afterwards pensioned by the present French Republic. In the spring of 18G2 he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Second Regiment Indian Home Guards, "Army of the Frontier" under General Blunt. He was wounded at the battle of Cane Hill Noveni- l)er 28, 18G2, and resigned October 18G3, on account of ill health. S. J. READER-SMITH. Samuel .T. Reader was married to Elizabeth Ellen Smith. La Harpe, 111., December i7, 18G7. Children: Ruth Reader l)orn September 25, 18G8, died April 29, 1885, Eliza- beth Reader born October 9, 1871, Frederick A. Reader born January 19, 1873, died August 6, 1873. The mother died March 30, 1898. Samuel J. Reader was a private in Co. G., Second regi- FRANCIS READER. 125 ment "Kansas Free State Army," during the "Border Rufflan War." He joined the company July 29, 1856, and marched with it to Xemeha Falls, Neb., when it met the first Free State emigrant train that came into Kansas through Nebraska. Old John Brown, of Ossawatomie, was with Co. G., at and beyond the Nebraska line, and assisted and encouraged its members by his presence and advice. The name of the captain of Co. G. was Aaron D. Stevens. He went to Har- per's Ferry with John Brown in 1859, and was executed March Ki, 18(JU. September 13, 185G, S. J. Reader participated in the battle of Hickory Point, Kansas, under Capt. Wm. Creitz, General James H. Lane commanding, and the next day returned home, his services being no longer required. During the Civil War, Co. D. Second regiment Kansas State Militia was organized August 25, 1863, of which Mr. Reader was elected Second Lieutenant. He was promoted to Regimental Quartermaster November 4, 1863. The regi- ment was called into active service October 10, 1864, and served under General S. R. Curtis in Missouri. In making a reconuoisance October 22, a battalion of the regiment 275 strong, struck the flank of the advancing Confederates, near the Big Blue river, Mo. A desperate engagement ensued, when the Confederates gained the victocy. The Second fell back across the Big Blue, losing a brass 24 pounder howitzer, 24 men killed, 20 wounded and 74 captured, Mr. Reader being among the latter. After a forced march of three days he escaped from the Confederate guards, while crossing the Marmiton river in Missouri, in the night, Octo- 126 THE READER FAMILY. ber 2oth, and reached Kansas and the Union foi-ces the next day at noon. The regiment was discharged from active service October 30, 1864, his discharge papers being dated at the Adjutant General's office, Topeka, Kansas, December 6, 1865. CHAPTER VI. Francis Reader-Eleanor B. Smith, Francis Reader married Eleanor Bentley Smith, daugh- ter of James A. Smith, January 10, 1842, and had the fol- lowing children: 1. PYancis Smith Reader born November 17, 1842. 2. Martha White Reader born October 22, 1844. 3. Eleanor M. Reader born October 5, 1846. They were all born in Greenfield, where the mother died February 8, 1847. READER-MORGAN. Martha W. Reader and William F. Morgan, were mar- ried December 25, 1867. Mr. Morgan was born April 12, 1843, in Elizabeth, Alle- gheny county, Pa., the eldest of six children of Benjamin F. and Martha Tower Morgan, and was a grandson of Mor- gan D. Morgan, a native of Glamorganshire, Wales, who came to Pittsburg, Pa., in 1814, where he devoted his time to teaching school and blacksmithing, until he died in 1856. Benjamin F. Morgan, father of William F., was born April 5, 1824, in Pittsburg, Pa., where he lived until 1873, when he moved to Bellaire, O., where he died October 5, 128 THE READER FAMILY. 1889. He was a luau of piety, and served for twenty years as elder in the First Presbyterian church, South Side, Pitts- burg. On July 4, 1S(;1, he volunteered in the G2d regiment of Pa. Volunteers, Col. Samuel Black, and was discharged August 8, 18G4, having taken pail in every battle in which his regiment was engaged. His occupation was glass cutter. William F. Morgan's maternal grandfather was Edward Tower, a prominent teacher in the Monongahela valley, who was a native of Pennsylvania, and married Martha Cook, grand-daughter of Col. Edward Cook, one of the most prominent men of his day in Western Pennsylvania. Col. Cook was born in Franklin county, Pa., in 1741, and married Martha Crawford there, removing to what is now Fayette county, Pa., in 1770. They had one child, .Tames Cook, born August 13, 1772, in the Cook homestead back of the present Fayette City. .Tames married Mary Bell, who came from Ireland, and they had five sous and one daughter, Martha, who became the wife of Edward Tower. Col. Edward Cook was a member of the committee of conference which met in Carpenter's Hall in 1776, and also a member of the Constitutional Convention held that year. He was prominent during the War of the Revolution, and commanded the Rangers for frontier defense in 1781. He was Sub-Lieutenant of Westmorehxnd county in 1780, and Lieutenant of the county in 1782, having command of all the militia of the county with the rank of colonel. On November 21, 1780, he was appointed a Justice with juris- diction, including Washington county, and August 17, 1791, was appointed Associate Judge of Fayette county. In 1796-8 he was treasurer of Westmoreland county. During FRANCIS READER. 129 the Whiskey Insurrection he was very prominent in the movement against the excise laws, serving on several com- mittees and very active in every operation. After it was all over he received amnesty, and was honored, and retained his high standing with the people. He purchased three thousand acres of land fronting on the Monongahela river, and extending back of Fayette City, which place he founded as Cookstown, and built on an eminence on the beautiful tract, in 1772, the stone house yet standing and occupied, which was the family homestead, and from which nearly all his land could be seen. Rehobeth Presbyterian church was built on his land, of which he was an original elder, and in the 'beautiful cemetery of the church, he and his wife now rest. He was a man of piety and honor, greatly loved and respected. He died November 27, 1808, and his wife April 20, 1837. William F. Morgan was educated in the public and high school of Pittsburg, which he left at the age of 18, to enter the Union service in the Civil War. He responded to the first call for 75,000 volunteers in April 1861, and served in the (;2d Pa. Vols, until March 25, 1803, and re-enlisted August 9, 1803, in a Pennsylvania battery of light artillery, in which he served until the close of the war. He took part in the battles of Williamsburg, Hanover C. H., Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Seven Days Fight, and the siege of Yorktown. He was on guard in Washington, D. C, when President Lincoln was assassinated, and was one of the guard of honor that accompanied the remains from the White House to the Capitol, where they lay in state. After the war he followed glass cutting in Pittsburg 130 THE READER FAMILY. until 1873, and then moved to Belle Vernon, Pa., where he continued it until 1889, when he eml)arked in the mercan- tile business. He was captain of a company of Pennsyl- vania militia at F.elle Vernon, and is a prominent member of the G. A. R. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church, and an active and earnest worker in the cause of Cliris- tianity. in the church and Sunday School, and wherever duty calls. His wife is a member of the same church. Their home is at Belle Vernon, Pa. ^ They have had the following children: Harry Reader Morgan, born January 11. 1800, married Mrs. Grace Davis August 23, 1803. They had two children, Silas born July 1(>, 1804, who died July 10, 1805, and Edgar AVallace born August 22, 1001. 2. Frank A. ^uorgan born March 28. 1871, married Miss Florence Springer August 20, lOOo. and have one child. Eugene Francis 3Iorgan born October 7, 1001. 3. Pearl A. Morgan born August 0, 1874, married Frank E. Pelton, court stenographer, Pittsburg, Pa., August 8, 1001. 4. Kate E. Morgan l>orn May 18, 1870. 5. Mary Eleanor Morgan born April 29. 1885. 0. Grace Helen Morgan born ]May 3i. 1887, died April 17, 1891. READEK-HERTZOG. Eleanor M. Reader and Oliver Gans Hertzog were mar- ried October 28, 1869. Mr. Hertzog was born in Springhill township, Fayette county. Pa., April 9, 1844. His ancestors on his father's side r-ame from Holland some time before the Revolutionary FRANCIS READER. 131 war and settled at Hagerstown, Md., where his grand- father John Hertzog was born in 1778. His grandmother's name was Margaret Horn, who was born in Fayette county, Pa., in 1770. and married Mr. Barchinal in 1701. by whom she liad Ave children, three sons and two daughters. After the death of her husband in the year 1810. she was married to John Hertzog, and to this union was born one son, Andrew Hertzog, father of the subject of this sketch. On his mother's side he traces his ancestry back to George Baltzer Gaus, who came with his wife from Swartzenan, Germany, in 1711), and located near Philadel- phia. Tradition assigns to him the position oi chamberlain to the King; while his wife was a lady in waiting upon the Queen. Their coat of arms was a goose in a circle. All the Gauses were originally Tankers or German Baptists, who taught the doctrine of non-resistance. Mr. Hertzog's grand- father. George Gans, was grandson of George Baltzer Gans, and was the seventh son of Jacob Gans with no intervening- girls and was known as "Seventh Son Doctor." He was said to be one of the best of men and an earnest Christian. He was born in Fayette county, Pa., and married Hannah Larsh in 18QS, a "sweet singer," whose grandmother had been rescued as a captive from the Indians. His mother Susan Gans, was the second child of this union and was l)orn in 1811, the same year as his father . Andrew Hertzog and Susan Gans were married Decem- ber 27, 1S32, and lived in the same community during their entire lives. To them were born eleven children, of whom Oliver G. was the youn'gest son. While reared on a farm he learned the carpenter's trade, attending school in the 132 THE READER FAMILY. winter. He began teaching at the age of twenty, and was educated at the State Normal School, California, Pa., and Bethany College, West Virginia, making his own way through school. He was baptized into the Baptist church at the age of sixteen, united with the Disciples of Christ at twenty one, and entered upon the work of the ministry at twenty- five, with the old Pigeon Creek Church of Christ, Washing- ton county. Pa. His labors during the eighteen months he served that church, were extended to other localities and through forces he set in motion, more than three hundred persons were baptized. October 1870 he ))egau a successful work at Niagara Falls, N. Y., building up a good church there, and planting one at Pekin of nearly one hundred members, besides conducting a successful meeting in Buffalo. N. Y^. In January 1874 he took charge of the Avork in Buffalo, paying oft' the debts of the church, and in two years making it a good self sustaining church, besides I'.olding meetings in Selkirk, Canada, that addea ninety to the church there. Januai'y 1876 at the earnest solicitation of the Welling Cooperation of Canada, he entered upon evan- gelistic work in the province of Ontario, where he remained four years, planting in all eight new churches and strengthening several old ones. Much worn out he returned to his home at Niagara Falls, N. Y., where he gathered up and rallied the forces of the church, and planted a church at Fredonia, N. Y. During this time he was tendered the position of special agent of the U. S. Treasury for the Niagara District, which he accepted and served for four and one half years, supply- FRANCIS READER. 133 iny cliiirclies on Sundays, and preaching as opportunity pre- sented itself. He retired from tliis office January 1885, and accepted tlie position of corresponding secretary of tlie New Yorlv Clu'istian Missionary Society. Under liis administra- tion the churches were planted at Wellsville and Roches- ter, and excellent houses of worship built at each place. Four and one half years were devoted exclusively to the Rochester work. A general revival of interest was found in nearly all the churches of the state, new houses of worship were built in Troy, Buffalo and Tonawanda, and new churches organized in all these cities, growing largely out of the interest created in the new church at Rochester. At the earnest solicitation of the president and board of trustees of Hiram College, Ohio, he accepted the position of financial secretary of the college September 1, 1891, and during the nine years he has served in that capacity, he and President ZoUars have added to the endowment nearly three hundred thousand dollars, built the Christian Associa- tion and other buildings at an aggregate cost of fully forty thousand dollars, besides adding several new departments and augmenting the attendance. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Hertzog is at Hiram, the seat of the college. They have had the following cliildren: 1. Frances Hertzog born April 1, 1871, married Dr. Elliott I. Osgood July 14. 1808. They went as missionaries to China, where there was born to them a son, Riussell Osgood, June 4, 1899. 2. Fred Reader Hertzog born October 17, 1872, was graduated from Case School of Applied Science June 1896. 134 THE READER FA]SriLY. He began Avork with the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburg R. R., at Rochester, N. Y., where he remained until May 1890, when he accepted the position of draughtsman with Siemen & Halsl^e Electric Co., Chicago. In 1900 he accepted a similar position with the Brown Hoisting Machinerjf Co., of Cleveland, and was promoted to position of Squad Chief. In November the same year he accepted the position of Chief Engineer with Tate, Jones & Co., Pittsburg, Pa. 3. Eleanor May Hertzog born May 23, 1878, died August 4, 1878. 4. Oliver Russell Hertzog born June 4, 1884, now a stu- dent at Hiram College. 5. Carl Willard Hertzog born May 14, 1887, died July 28, 1887. All the children were born in Niagara Falls, N. Y., and the two that died are buried in the beautiful cemetery there. READER-DARLING. Francis S. Reader was born and reared in Greenfield, living for a time with relatives in Union township, where he learned to love and till the soil. He worked at the carpenter ti'ade in Greenfield, and was assistant postmaster when the Civil War broke out, when he enlisted April 27, 1801. See sketch of services later. He attended public school during the winter, in the Pollock school house, Union township and in (ireenfield. and at a latei' period was a student for some time at Mount Union College, Ohio. Upon his return from the army in 18()4, he taught school in Greenfield, and the next spring completed a course in Iron City College, Pittsburg, Pa. July 1805 he was tendered a FRANCIS READER. 135 positiou in the office of Hon. David Sanliey, collector of iuterual revenue. New Castle, Pa., wliicli lie accepted, and continued in this service at different times for over ten years, being chief deputy collector of the district for eight years, and acting collector for several months. While at New Castle he sat at the same desk with Ira D. Sankey, the singing evangelist, and they became close and life long friends. He joined the M. B. church at New Castle December 15, 18G5, and in March 1868 was appointed preacher in charge of a circuit of nine appointments, in the North INIisso'uri Confei-ence M. E. church, but owing to the failure of his voice, was compelled to retire after one year's service. He has been an official member of the church for over 32 years, and Sunday School superintendent for 25 years. He is a member of the Historical Society of Washington county. Pa., Edwin M. Stanton Post No. 208 Grand Army of the RepuDlic of Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Societ.y Sons of the American Revolution. May 22, 1874, he and Major David Critchlow, of the 100th Pa. Volunteers, established the Beaver Valley News, a weekly newspaper at New Brighton, Pa., and January 1, 1877. he bought the Major's interest, starting the Daily News February 4. 1883, the first daily paper in Beaver county, Pa. He admitted his son, Willard S. Reader, as a partner September 28. 1802, who has filled the position of city editor since that time. He is a Republican in politics, serving for several years as a member and secretary of the Republican county com- mittee of Beaver county. Pa. While in this office in 1878, 136 THE READER FAMILY. he prepared and presented to the legislature of the State, the first law enacted im Pennsylvania for the government of primary elections; was alternate to the Chicago Conven- tion that nominated Hon. James G. Blaine for president iu 1884, served in the school board and council of New Brigh- ton. Pa., and held other positions of trust, but never solicited auiy public position. He was secretary for several years of building and loan associations, and is a director in the American Porcelain coiupany, for the manufacture of porcelain ware, in New Brighton, Pa. He is the author of a life of Moody and Sankey, the great Evangelists; the history of the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry; history of New Brighton, Pa., and of historical sketches of the Harmony Society, Economy, Pa., and of the Beaver Valley, in which he lives. Francis S. Reader and Merran F. Darling were united in marriage Deeemiber 24, 1807, at New Brighton, Pa. She is a member of the Presbyterian church, the Benevolent Society, and the Woman's Club, New Brighton, Pa. Her parents were Joseph Quint Darling, and Rebecca Cobb Darling, both descendants of old New England families. Mr. Darling was born at Orford, New Hampshire, iu 1806, son of Josiah and Mary Quint Darling. In both these old families there were Revolutionary soldiers, Mr. Darl- ing's grandfather being one of them. The Darlings seem to have had their origin in that state at Sanhorton, and were living there before the Revolution, but the records do not show when they settled there, or the history of the family back of Josiah Darling. The Quints evidently were among the early settlers of FRANCIS READER. 137 New Hampsliire, and what history is obtainable of them, shows the family to have been an enterprising and progres- sive class of people, whose descendants had considerable prominence in that section. One .John Quint was a scout against the French in Capt. Westbrook's company in 1712, in the Colonial service. .Joseph Quint was in Capt. David Jewett's company in Col. Thomas Ballet's regiment for the defense of West Point in 1780. This same Joseph appeared in Alton, N. H.. in 1788, as signer of a petition for the incor- poration of the town. Thomas Quint was in Col. George Reid's regiment for the defence of Fort Washington and in other services. This or another Thomas Quint appears in Capt. Carr's company in the expedition to Rhode Island in 1777, then said to be 19 years old, and boi'u in Portsmouth, N. H. William Quint was at Kittery Point near Ports- mouth in 1775. These were all in the Revolutionary war. The families were found in Poa'tsmouth and Dover, and the family directly concerned in this sketch was from Ports- mouth. Benjamin Quint was the head of the family that went from Portsmouth to Orford, N. H., but the year is not known, though it was shortly after the Revolution. On July 11, 1788, Benjamin Quint purchased the west half of 100 acre lot No. 5 in the town, from Samuel Morey, clerk for the proprietors of Orford, and he was one of the tirst settlers in the town. He died there April 21, 1822, aged 90 years. There was an addition to this town called Quint- town, doubtless from the large amount of land held there by the several families. Joseph Quint, no doubt the same that was at Alton in 1788, began to buy lands at Orford 138 THE READER FAMILY. April 10, 1798, and by the year 1810, he had at least 200 acres. Land ^yas also held by Thomas Quint, Benjamin Quint, Jr., and George Quint, all of the same family. A number of tlie descendants of the Quints yet live in Orford and other pai-ts of New England, and there are many of the Darlings in the state. Josiah and Mary Quint Darling had the following chil- dren: Polly wife of Harrison Dee, Hannah wife of Peter Parker, Robert, Franklin, William and Joseph Quint Darl- ing. Mrs. Darling died April 20, 1822, about which time her son Joseph Q., was thrown on his own resources and started in the world for himself. Before her death the family moved to Vermont, and in later years all the chil- dren moved west, Joseph Q., with liis brother, William, going to Chautauqua county, N. Y., in 1834. He was a lumberman there, and followed that business and oper- ating saw mills and farming, most of his life. Rebecca Cobb came also of old New England families, that came to America long before the Revolution. Tlie Cobbs settled in Boston. Massachusetts, wliere her great grandfatlier, Isaac Cobb, was born in 1700. They followed the occupation of seameui, and after the removal of the family to Gerry, Chautauqua county, N. Y., he Ava:^ captain of a boat on the great lakes called the Henry Clay. Isaac Cobb maiTied Delia Knowles ini Massachusetts, and had the following children: Isaac Cobb married Lydia Hill, Freeman Cobb married Rebecca Buekleu, Roland Cobb married Eliza Butts, Barrett Cobb unmarried, John Cobb married Elsa Pierce, Hannah Cobb married Seth Alger, Pollv Col)b married William Mellen. Julia Cobb married FRANCIS READER. 139 Amos Barmor, Adaline Cobb married William Brown, Dor-" mida Col)b married Samuel Horton. Rebecca Cobb was the daugliter of Freeman and Rebecca Bueklen Cobb, tbe latter having the following children: Isaac, Mahala, Martha, Freeman, Delia, Eliza, Johui, Rebecca, Helen, Grant. The Bucklens, an old New England family, moved to Chautauqua county, N. Y., in June 1817, and settled "Buek- len's Corners," now known as Gerry. They had the fol- lowing children: Willard, Lovell, James, Patty, Betsy, Sophia, Rebecca and Gracia. Rebecca was the wife of Freeman Cobb. Roland Cobb entered the ministry and Willard Bueklen became a lawyer. Joseph Q. Darling and Rebecca Cobb were married in Chautauqua county, N. Y., in 1845, and had four children, two dying in infancy Merrau F. Darling was born Sep- tember 28, 1846, in Chautauqua county, N. Y., after which the family moved to New Brighton, Fa., whei'e Josei>h Free- man Darling was born in 1848. Francis S. and Merran D. Reader, had two sons: I. Frank Eugene Reader was born December 15, 1868. He attended the public school New Brighton, Geneva Col- lege, Beaver Falls, Pa., and in October 1885, entered Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., where he pursued the undergraduate course, and was graduated June 1888, with the degree of B. A. He registered in the law office of Major A. M. Brown and John S. Lambie, Pittsburg, Pa., in 1889, and was admitted to practice in the Allegheny county courts September 1891, and the Beaver county courts Octo- ber 1891. Later he was admitted to the Supreme and 140 THE READER FAMILY. Superior courts of Pennsylvania. He became a member of the law firm of Moore, Moore & Reader in 1892, and was elected solicitor of the Beaver County Building and Loan Association the same year. In April 1887 he retired from the firm and opened an office in his own name in New Brighton. He was attorney for the borough of New Brigh- ton one year. He is a member of the Historical Society of Beaver county, Pa., and of the Pennsylvania Society Sons of the American Revolution. He was united in marriage witli Jennie B. Nesbit June 3, 1890, and have two daughters, Dorothy Nesbit Reader born May 8, 1897, and Merran Ethel Reader born February, 17, 19(XJ. They are members of Grace M. E. church. New Brighton, Pa. Mrs. Reader is the daughter of Rev. Samuel H. Nesliit, D. D., and Lida J. Mooi'e, daughter of Rev. James Moore, Belmont county, Ohio. Their children were: William M. Nesbit married Sarah Elliott and had two children, all deceased. Sue Nesbit died 1896, May Nesbit married John S. Craig, of the firm of Riter and Conley, Pittsburg, and have two children, Ethel May and Samuel Nesbit, James Nesbit died in 1887, Gertrude Nesbit married Rev. Harry S. Free, of the Pittsburg Conference M. E. church in 1892, and had one daughter, Margaret, who makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Craig, Rev. Free dying in 1896, and Mrs. Free 1898, Jennie B. Nesbit, and four children died young. Dr. Nesbit was of Scotch-Irish descent, his parents coming to this country from the north of Ireland when young, and were married in 1811. He was born in Butler county. Pa., September 30, 1821, was a nailer by trade, was FRANCIS READER. 141 converted in 1842, and entered Allegheny College, Pa., in 1845, to prepare for the ministry. November 3, 1843, he was licensed as a local preacher and was received on trial in the Pittsburg Conference M. E. church in 1847. He was principal of Wellsburg, Va., Female Seminary 1853-5; president of Richmond College 1857-8; elected editor of the Pittsburg Christian Advocate, which office he filled with great ability from 18G0 to 1872; was presiding elder two terms, and afterward served as pastor at Monongahela City, Butler and New BrightoQ, Pa., dying at the latter place April 5, 1891. Dr. Nesbit was one of the ablest preachers of his Conference, a writer of great ability, and a ti-ue man in every relation of life. II. Willard Stanton Reader was born September 28, 1871. He attended public school New Brighton, and Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pa. He entered the office of the Beaver Valley News as apprentice in 188G, and assumed the duties of reporter in 1888. He was admitted to partner- ship in the paper September 28, 1892, and since then has been city editor of the paper, and assists in its manage- ment. He wrote considerably for city papers for some years; was secretary of the Board of Health for some time, and one of the directors of the American Porcelain com- pany for two years, but retired from all outside work to give his undivided attention to the management of the news columns of the paper. He is a member of the Penn- sylvania Society Sons of the American Revolution. He was united in marriage with Lily D. Robinson March 1, 1897. Both are members of the Methodist Pro- testant church, New Brighton, Pa. They have two children, 142 THE READER FAMILY. Willard Donald Reader born December 20, 1897, and Robert Wallace Reader born December 13, 1901. Mrs. Reader is the daughter of Thomas Robinson and Mary J. Lynch, both dead. Mr. Robinson served as a soldier in the Civil War. His ancestors settled early in the eastei'n part of Pennsylvania, where he was born. His mother was named Edwards, sister of John Edwards, of Lawrence county, a family of strong character, one of the latter's daughters mari-ying Ira D. Sankey. Mrs. Robinson was of Scotch-Irish descent, whose ancestors came from the north of Ireland to this country in 1780, settling in Cumberland county, Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson had live childreiii: Lily D. Robin- son born in 1875, Ira Robinson born in 1878 and clerk in the Union Drawn Steel Co., Beaver Falls, Pa., and David, Andrew and ,Tohn dead. MILIT.\RY HISTORY. On Sunday April 14, 1861, following the firing on Fort Sumpter, Francis S. Reader united with his neighboi's in the formation of a company of volunteers, being one of the first to enlist, which was fully organized April 27. 1861, and its services offered to the Governor of Pennsylvania. Being unable to get into the service of Pennsylvania on account of its quota being full, the company drilled regularly at home at its own expense until July, when at the request of Governor F. H. Pierpont of reorganized Virginia, it entered, the service of that state July 9, being sworn into the U. S. Volunteer Army July 10, 1861, for three years, after- wards being paid from Apx-il 27, the date of enlistment. This was among the first, if not the first, of the three years' FRANCIS READER. 143 companies enlisted in Washington county, Penna., and tlie lirst three years' regiment in Virginia, mustered under Governor Pierpont. The company went into camp at Wheeling, Vii-ginia, where it remained until July 22, and then went to Beverly, Virginia, where it was assigned as Companj^ I Second Regiment Virginia Infantry. Of the regiment, companies A, D, F and G wei*e from Pittsburg, Pa., company I from Greenfield, Pa., company H from Ironton, O., company B from Grafton, Va., com- pany C from Wheeling, Va., company E from Ohio and Vir- ginia, and company K from Parkersburg, Va. Company A has the credit of killing the first armed Con- federate soldier of the war. Captain Christian Roberts, at Glover's Gap, Va., May 27, 18Gl,and company B of losing the first enlisted man of the war dn the U. S. service, Bailey Brown, who was shot near Grafton, Va., May 22, 18G1, by D. W. S. Knight, of company A 25th Virginia Confederate regiment. Brown was not mustered in, but would have been May 25, and his death preceded that of Colonel Ells- worth two days. Company B was in the battles of Phillipi. Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford, Western Virginia, General Garnett being killed at the latter place July 13, the first Confederate General officer to lose his life. The regiment remained at Beverly, Va., until Septem- ber 12, when it was ordered to Elkwater to help General Reynolds resist the attack of Confederate General Robert E. Lee, who was threatening Cheat Mountain and Elk- water: and the regiment has the credit of leading in the charge over the foothills, that resulted in the repulse and withdi-awal of this great general, his first defeat. On 144 THE READER FAMILY. December 13, a part of the regiment engagecl in tlie battle of Allegheny Mountain, and soon after the regiment was sent to Cheat Mountain summit, the only Federal troops in that section, where it remained behind the breastworks for three months, the highest camp of the war, in plain view of the Confederates, who were but a few miles distant on the summit of the Alleghenies. April 5, 1SG2, the regiment left Cheat Mountain, becom- ing a part of the brigade of Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy, and of tlie "Mountain Department" under command of Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont. The advance southward was attended with considerable fighting, especially at Monterey and McDowell, and was completed by the campaign in the Shenandoah valley agiainst the Confederate General T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson, resulting in the battles of Ci'oss Keys and Port Republic, June 8 and 9, 18(52, in which expedition Gen. Fremont's command marched 200 miles in 115 hours of marching, was for six weeks without tents or shelter of any kind, and for more than a month on short rations. June 20, General Milroy's brigade becailie a part of the "Army of Virginia" under command of Maj. Gen. John Pope, and took part in the battles of Kelly's Ford, Sulphur Springs, ^Vaterloo Bridge, the Second Battle of Bull Run, and the other smaller engagements of that campaign. Sep- tember 30 the brigade returned to Western Virginia, the Second Virginia regiment going into winter quarters at Beverly, where it was attacked by a superior force April 24, 1803, and after a brisk fight had to retreat, meeting the Coiiifedei-ates again at West Union, returning to Beverly May 0, remaining there until June 15, and then going to FRANCIS READER. 145 Graftou, Va., to be mounted, becoming a part of the Inde- pendent cavalry brigade of Brig. Gen. W. W. Averell. The liorses were received June 21, 1863, and later tbe regiment was designated as the Fifth West Virginia Cavah-y. At this time F. S. Reader was offered promotion but declined it, as the acceptance involved the reduction in rank of a friend and comrade, and remained a private .soldier until mustered out. When the brigade was organized he was detailed from his company for special duty at the head