Class C\/_Ma Book. -L^i THE RULES OF GOLF Being the ST. ANDREWS Rules for the game, codified and annotated . ^ SiAj. NORMAN LOCKYER, C.B., F.R.S. AND W. RUTHERFORD BARKISTER-AT-LAW HONORARY SECRETARY, ST. GEORGe's GOLF CLUB NEW YORK MACMILLAN & CO. London: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1896 '^ ^^y-^'- Copyright, 1896, BY MACMILLAN & CO. Jadge and Mrs. ^saac R.HItt July 3, 1933 os'-asv/S ^ PREFACE. ^HE recent and rapid spread of Golf ^ all over the world has rendered it desirable that an attempt should be made to frame a short handbook as a guide for beginners and others to the Rules and Customs of the Game. With this view we have compiled this little book. Much time and trouble have been expended by capable men on the framing of. the laws of the game, and the Code issued by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, and commonly known and referred to as the St. Andrews Rules, is nearly universally received as authoritative, and as the embodiment of the best experience. Accepting the St. Andrews Rules as the best expression of the laws of the game, it occurred to us that, without touching their meaning or principle in the slightest degree, they were capable of being rearranged and classified in a manner that would make them simpler to the beginner. This we accordingly attempted, and in so doing we have been careful to make no alterations in the Rules, except clerical alterations which A 2 4 PREFACE. the rearrangement seemed to us to ren- der necessary. It has been our endeavour to respect not only the meaning but the wording of each rule. It is true we have thought it desirable for the sake of clears ness to add some definitions, but these, when not copied from the St. Andrews Rules, are marked (New), and in no way change the meaning of any rule. From the same motive a few explanatory notes have been inserted. No authority is claimed for these notes,but great care has been taken to render them accurate. The Rules for Medal Play caused considerable difficulty, owing to the absence in many cases of express legislation. We have tried to remedy this by taking the Match Play Rules one by one and noting its application to Medal Play. Much of this is necessarily founded on inference, and when this is the fact it is so stated. Care has also here been taken to correct these inferences according to good opinions. It does not seem expedient that so much Medal Play law should be unwritten. Specimens of early Codes will be found in the Appendix, and a compari- son of these with the St. Andrews Rules will show that the process of law-making has been here too a "broadening down from precedent to precedent," and may, PREFACE. 5 we hope, also suggest that an attempt at codification is in the interest of the Rules themselves. Specimens of local bye- laws which were accessible to us have been included, as these may be useful as precedents for new clubs. From this we regretted to have to omit the bye-laws of the Royal Wimbledon, and of the Royal Isle of Wight Clubs, but they each play under a Code of their own, instead of the St. Andrews Rules. With the object of furthering Match Play, we have included Rules and Forms for Match Play Tournaments. We have to thank Mr. A. J. Robert- son, the Editor of "Golf," for valuable suggestions and the loan of records, and also many friends whom we have con- sulted on certain points. In this Codification, requiring so many cross-references and inferences, errors have probably crept in, in spite of all care. We shall be glad to receive any corrections or suggestions. J. NORMAN LOCKYER. W. RUTHERFORD. December y 1895. TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. DEFINITIONS. PAGB 1. The Game «. 15 2. Method of Play 15 3. A Stroke 15 4. The Tee-shot 16 5. A Side „ ... 16 6. The Clubs.. .... 16 7. A Tee 17 8. The Teeing Ground 17 9. „ ,, „ limits of ... 17 10. The Course or Links 18 11. The Course of a Hole 18 12. The Green 18 13. The Fair Green or Driving Course 18 14. A Hazard 18 15. A Bunker .- 18 16. The Putting-Green 19 17. The Hole « ... 19 18. A Match ... ... 19 19. A Bye 19 20. The Honour ... ..« ... 20 21. Rub of the Green... ..« .... 20 22. Moving a Ball ... »«. ... 20 23. Replacing a Ball 20 24. Dropping a Ball ... 20 25. Stymie 20 26. Dormy .20 27. Match Play and Medal Play ... 21 CONTENTS. II. RULES FOR MATCH PLAY. Chapter I. Rules for the Order of Play. PAGE 28. Beginning of game 21 29. Order of play in a foursome .. 22 30. Hole, how won .. 22 31. Hole, how halved .. 22 32.- Match, how won and halved ■• 23 33. Honour .. 23 34. Honour in new match... .. 23 Chapter II. Rules for the Play of THE Tee Shot from the Teeing Ground. 35. Play to be within limits of ... 23 36. Irregularities of surface remov- able 24 37. Tee shot cancelled 24 Chapter III. General Rules for the Play through the Fair Green, INCLUDING Hazards, and on the Putting Green. ^^^^ 38. After Tee shot, ball furthest from hole played first ... 24 39. Moving any implements left upon course ... ... ... 25 CONTENTS. PAGB 40. Moving any fog (moss), bent, whins, &c., to get view of ball 25 41. Accident to a ball in motion ... 25 42. Striking opponent, penalty, loss of hole 25 43. Striking player, penalty, loss of hole 25 44. Deflecting or stopping, to be played where it lies 25 45. Lodging in moving object, to be dropped near place of lodgement... 26 46. A ball must be played wherever it lies or the hole given up, except as under 26 47. Ball may be changed , 26 (i) Ball split. (2) Ball damaged. 48. Ball may be lifted without penalty and replaced _ 20 (i) Within six inches of another. (2) In three ball match, interfering with stroke. (3) Stuck fast in wet ground or sand. 49. Ball" may be lifted without penalty and dropped _ 27 (i) Touching or lying on implements, &c. (2) Lying in Golf holes or flag holes. (3) Displaced by outside agency while at rest. 50. A penalty of one stroke is incurred ... 2o (1) Changing, touching, moving a ball. (2) Moving a ball when not in act of making a stroke. (3) Playing opponent's ball, (4) Ball in water. CONTENTS. 6 PAGB 51. The penalty of the loss of the bole is incurred as under 30 52. The player's side shall lose the hole... 3*^ (r) Pressing down irregularities of surface. (2) Moving,bending or breaking any- thing fixed or growing near ball. (3) Pushing, scraping, spooning the ball, and striking twice. (4) Foursome player playing out of turn. (5) Lost ball. 53. The side opposing the player shall lose the hole 3^ (i; Ball moved by opponent. 54. A side shall lose the hole (i) Playing out a hole with wrong 3^ ball. Chapter IV. Special Rule for thb Fair Green or Driving Course. PAGE 55. Moving loose impediments ... 32 Chapter V. Special Rules for Hazards. PAGE 56. Penalty of the loss of the hole 32-3 57. Dropping ball lifted in Hazard 34 58. Dropping behind Hazards ... 34 Chapter VI. Special Rules for the Putting Green. page 59. Flag - stick removed when approaching ... ... 34 lO CONTENTS. PAGB 60. Flag-Stick removed ball resting against it 34 61. All loose impediments may be moved ... ... ... 35 62. In three-ball match, ball inter- fering with stroke, to be holed out ... 35 63. Knocking opponent's ball into hole 35 64. Player's ball displacing op- ponent's ball 35 65. Lifted ball to be replaced by hand 35 66. Caddie may stand at hole ... 35 67. Removing sand, &c 35 68. The penalty of the loss of the hole is incurred ... ... ... 36 (i) Marking putting-line to guide. (2) Shielding ball from or exposing it to wind. (3) Pressing down anything, or touching putting-line. 69. The penalty of one stroke is incurred 36 (i) Playing before opponent's ball has ceased to roll. Chapter VII. General Rules. PACK 70. Asking advice 37 71. Disputes 37 CONTENTS. II III. RULES FOR MEDAL PLAY. PAGE 27. Rules of Match Play applicable... 37 Chapter I. Rules for the Order OF Play. 30—32. Match Play Rules of Scor- ing inapplicable, and following sub- stituted 38 (i) Scores, how marked. (2) Score, the winning. (3) Ties. 33 and 34. Rules relating to the honour ... 39 Chapter II. Rules for the Teeing Ground. 35 and 37. Rules 35 and 37 (i), (2), and (3), variation of ... ... 39 (i) Play outside limits involves dis- qualification. (2) Wrongly taking honour condoned by opponent. (3) Wrong partner playing — penalty, dis- qualification. Chapter III. Rules for the Play through the Fair Green, in- cluding Hazards, and on the Putting Green. ' .^„ PAGE 38. Playing out of turn 39 42. Player's ball striking other side — a rub of the Green 40 12 CONTENTS. PAGB 43. Player's ball striking himself — penalty, loss of stroke ... 40 46. Penalty of loss of hole applied to Medal Play ... 40 48, 49 and 50. Rules 48, 49 and 50, variation of 41 48 (i) Ball interfering with a stroke may be lifted ... 41 49(3). Agency outside match ... ... 42 50 (3) Rule as to exchanging balls applied to Medal Play 42 50 (5). Lifting ball instead of playing it wherever it lies, penalty, two strokes... 4^ Penalty under Rules 51 to 54 and their sections applied to Medal Play, with exceptions — 52 (3). Striking ball twice — penalty, one stroke 43 52 (5). Ball lost — penalty, one stroke and distance 43 53. Ball moved by opponent ... ... 44 54. Playing out a hole with wrong ball... 44 Chapter V. Special Rule for Hazards. 56. Penaity under Hazard Rule ;applied to Medal Play 44 Chapter VI. Special Rules for THE Putting Green. PAGB 59. Flag-Stick removed when play is on Puttmg Green ... ... ... 44 CONTENTS. 13 PAGE 59 (2). AH balls to be holed out, or penalty^ — disqualification 45 62. Holing out first, and option as to 45 63. Query as to knocking opponent's ball into the hole 45 64. Displaciog opponent's ball ... 45 68. Query : Penalty of loss of hole under Rule 68 and its sections applied to Medal Play 45 62>b. Playing on Putting Green before competing — penalty, dis- qualification 45 Chapter VII. General. 70. Asking advice 46 71. Disputes to be determined by the Green Committee... 46 72. New holes to be made 46 73. Playing with a professional — penalty, disqualification 46 74. Discontinuance of play — penalty, disqualification 46 75. Breach of any rule— penalty, disqualification 46 IV. ETIQUETTE OF GOLF. 47 V. ST. ANDREWS RULES. 48 14 CONTENTS. APPENDICES. PAGB A. — Specimens of Old Codes .«, 6i B. — M Local Bye-aws ... 8i Supplementary Local Bye-laws 98 0.— The Open Golf Championship... 99 D.— The Amateur Golf Championship 102 E. — Match Play Tournaments: Rules and Forms .., .« ... 106 F. — Specimen Bogey Card m« — 114 15 THE RULES OF GOLF. I. DEFINITIONS. N. B.— The figures in brackets refer to the number under which the Rule will be found in the St. Andrews Rules, 1. Golf is a game played by two or more sides, each playing its own ball. (Rule I.) 2. The game consists in each side playing a ball by successive strokes with a club from a Tee or Teeing Ground over a course interrupted by hazards into a hole in a Putting Green. (Rule 2.) 3. A stroke is any movement of the club, which is intended to strike the ball. The ball must be struck at fairly, and not pushed, scraped, or spooned. (Rule 4.) A penalty stroke is a stroke added to the score of a side in consequence of the breach of certain rules. Note. — It follows from this that, if in at- tempting to make a stroke the player miss the ball, a stroke has to be added to his score. It is also reckoned to be a stroke if in that part of the stroke constituted by the downward sweep of the club the club strikes the ground, or is arrested by some obstacle. This does not prevent the player voluntarily arresting his club at any previous part of the stroke. 4. The '• Tee Shot " is the first stroke l6 DEFINITIONS. made by each side in the play of any hole. (New.)* 5. A side may consist of one or more players. (Rule i.) Notes.— («) Experience proves that the game is best played by two persons playing^ against each other; this is called a single: by two persons on a side playing against one other person; this is called a three- some: by two persons playing on each side as partners against another two; this is cal led a foursome : by three persons each playing for his own hand against each of the other two; this is called a three-ball match. (d) A variation of the three-ball match is constituted by one of the players in the match allowing the other two to elect after the play of each hole which of their balls shall be considered to have been in play during that hole. This is called playing the best of two balls. (c) A greater number of sides than two, and a greater number of players on a side than two, are eccentricities which cannot be recommended, with a reservation in favour of a three-ball match, which is often interesting, and is admissible when it does not block the course. 6. The clubs are the implements used for striking the ball. (New.) Notes. — (a) There is no regulation club or ball. The size of the ball has been de- termined by custom; it is almost invaria- bly made of gutta percha, hardened by hammering or pressure to resist as far as possible the wear and tear of the play, * " (New) " means that the definition is not included in the St. Andrews Rules. DEFINITIONS. 17 and weighs from 26 to 29 drs. The form of the club has likewise been determined by custom; it consists of a thin shaft, varying in lengths from 45 to 38 inches, of tough wood, e.g.^ hickory, attached either to a head of wood loaded at the back with lead, or to a head of iron or other metal. The wooden head varies in shape and weight, the average weight being 7^ oz. ; the length is about 4^ to 5 inches, with a depth of face of about ij inches. Metal heads vary materially in shape and weight. {fi) The player may have with him any number of clubs, and generally employs an attendant called a " caddie " to carry these for him. He may use for the pur- pose of making a stroke whichever of these clubs he pleases. A " forecaddie" may also be employed to show the way, and signal the lie of the balls. 7. A " Tee " is any spot selected by the player upon which to place his ball for the purpose of making a stroke after the ball has been lifted or out of play. The " Tee " may be formed of a pinch of sand or earth. (New.) 8. The "Teeing Ground" of each hole is the starting place for the play of the hole. A Teeing Ground is indi- cated by two marks, metal discs, or otherwise, at the beginning of the course of each hole. (Rule 3.) 9. The front of each Teeing Ground is defined by an imaginary straight line joining the two marks which are placed at right angles to the course of each hole. 1 8 DEFINITIONS. and the Teeing Ground consists of a rect^ angle formed on the above line with th* side boundaries carried to a distance o! two club lengths behind the marks. (Rule 3.) Note.— Twelve to twenty feet between the marks is a convenient length of front of the Teeing Ground, to. The Course, or Links, is any do- main within the boundaries of which players have the right of playing. (New.) ir. "The course of a hole " is the part of the course lying between the Teeing Ground and the hole correspond- ing thereto. (New.) 12. The " Green" is any part of the course except the Teeing Ground and Hazards. (New.) 13. The "Fair Green" or *' Driving Course '.' is any part of the course except the Teeing Ground, Hazards and Put- ting Green. (New.) 14. A " Hazard " is a bunker, water, sand, loose earth, mole hill, path, road, or railway, whins, bushes, rushes, rabbit scrapes, fences, ditches, or anything which is not the ordinary green of the course, except, sand blown on to the grass by wind, or sprinkled on grass for the preservation of the Links ; or snow or ice; bare patches on the course. (Rule 15.) DEFINITIONS. I9 15. A " Bunker " is a sandy hollow of natural or artificial origin. (New.) 16. The " Putting Green'* is that part of the green within twenty yards of the Hole. (Rule 30.) Note. — If within twenty yards of the hole the green be intersected by a hazard, such hazard is generally deemed to form a boundary of the putting green, that is to say the green beyond such hazard is not part of ihe putting green, even if it be within twenty yards of the hole. 17.' The Hole is a circular, cylindrical cavity cut in the Putting Green, measur- ing 4i inches in diameter, and at least 4 inches deep. (Rule 3.) Note.— (a) The hole is generally lined, espe- cially in friable soils, with a hollow cy- linder of metal of the regulation size- (3) The distance of the hole from the tee- ing ground varies according to the laying out of the course; it is usually not less than 120, and not greater than 500 yards. 18. A " Match" generally consists of the play of the game over one round of the Links. One round is generally 18 holes, but by agreement a match may be made up of the play of any number of holes. (Rule 8.) Note, — A " Match " is sometimes described as " The Long Match," in contradistinc- tion to a " Bye." 19. A " Bye " is a bye-match or event played after the match has been decided, and there remain some holes unplayed. B 2 20 DEFINITlOxNS. It consists of the play of the game over the remaining part of the round. (New.) 20. The " Honour " is the privilege of striking off first from the Teeing Ground. (Rule 7.) 21. A " Rub of the Green " is a favourable or unfavourable knock to the ball for which no penalty is imposed, and which must be submitted to. (Rule 22 and Medal Rule 7.) 22. ''Moving." A ball is fconsidered to have been moved if it leave its original position and stop in another; but if it merely oscillates without being caused to leave its original position, it is not con- sidered to have been moved. (Rule 26.) 23. ' ' Replacing." The act of replacing the ball is the restoring of the ball, e.g., by hand, to a position from which it may have been moved. (New.) 24. "Dropping." The act of dropping a ball consists in the player fronting the hole to which he is playing, standing erect at a point described in Rules 45; 49; 50 (4); 57 and 58; and dropping the ball behind him from his hand resting on his head. (Rule 19.) 25. "Stymie," a putting-green term used when the ball nearer the hole ap- parently blocks the path of the further ball to the hole. (New.) 26. "Dormy." A side is said to be MATCH PLAY. — ORDER OF PLAY. 21 *'dormy " when it is as many holes up as there remain holes to be played. 27. ** Match Play " is the term applied to the game when it is decided by the tiumber of holes won. " Medal Play " is the term applied to the game when it is decided by the aggregate number of strokes made in the complete round. The ordinary Rules of Golf apply gener- ally to Match and Meadl Play, but special additional Rules have been made for Medal Play. (New.) II. RULES FOR MATCH PLAY. Chapter L Rules for the Order OF Play. 28. The game commences by each side successively playing a ball from the first teeing ground. In case of failure to agree as to which side shall have the ' ' honour " it shall be settled by lot or toss. (Rule 5.) Notes.— (ii) The " honour " is described as a privilege, see Definition 20, but it is really of little importance, except for determin- ing the order of play, and making it easier to call the game when any dispute arises as to the score. (i5) It is only at the first tee that the above option applies, and it is the custom of the game that the winner of the toss shall lead. The rule as to the lead from the other tees is absolute, as will be seen from below, see Rules 33 and 34, 22 MATCH PLAY. (c) In practice, tossingis seldom resortedto. Thecourtesy of starting isgenerally grant- ed to Captains of the Club, old Members,^ or, where odds are given, to the side giv- ing odds. 29. In a match vsrith two or more on a side : — (i) The players of opposite sides who are to strike against each other shall be named at starting, and shall continue to strike dur- ing the match in the order so named. (Rule 5.) (2) The player who shall play first on each side shall be named by his own side. (Rule 5.) (3) The partners shall strike off alternately from the tees, and shall strike alternately during the play of each hole. (Rule 5.) 30. Each hole is won by the side which holes its ballinthe fewest strokes, includ- ing penalty strokes, except where the penalty of loss of hole has been incurred. (Rule 2.) Note,— Penalties are imposed by Rules 42; 43; 46; 51; 52 ; 53 ; 54; 56 ; 68; 70 [loss of hole], and 50, 55, and 69 [loss of stroke] = 31. If two sides hole out in the same number of strokes, including penalty strokes, the hole is halved, except where the penalty of loss of hole has been in- curred. (Rule 2.) Notes.— («) For penalties, see note to Rule 3°- {d) In a match of three or more sides, the scores of strokes are taken as if each side were playing a single against each of the other sides. ORDER OF PLAY. — TEEING GROUND. 23 32. The match is won by the side which gets njore holes ahead than there remain holes to be played, or by the side winning the last hole when the match was all even at the second last hole, or by the side halving the last hole when the match was dormy at the second last hole. If two sides have won the same number of holes, it is a halved match. (Rule 8.) Note. — In a match of three or more sides, the scores of holes are taken as if each player were playing a single against each of the other sides. 33. The side winning a hole, shall take the ' ' honour " in starting for the next hole. (Rule 7.) Note.— A side retains the honour until it loses a hole. 34. On starting for a new match, the winner of the match in the previous round is entitled to the honour. Should the first match have been halved, the side which last won a hole is entitled to the honour. (Rule 7.) Note.— The result of a bye does not change this rule. Chapter II. Rules for the Play of THE Tee-shot from the Teeing Ground. 35. A player shall not tee outside the limits of the teeing ground. (Rule 3.) 24 MATCH PLAY. 36. A player, or his caddie, may press down or remove irregularities of surface near the ball. (Rule 16.) Note.— The ball may be placed on the teeing ground in any manner, and any kind of tee may be used; and, short of doing damage^ anyone may deal as he pleases with the ball and the surface of the teeing ground, before the ball is in play. 37. A side has the option of recalling the tee-shot of an opponent, and of com- pelling him toplayanotherif theopponent (i) Play the ball from outside of the limits of the teeing ground. (Rule 3.) (2) Take the honour when his side is not entitled to do so. (Rule 7.) (3) Play when his partner should have done so. (Rule 6.) Notes.— («) The stroke recalled, does not form part of the score. (3) The side loses the option of recall if he does not exercise it forthwith. Chapter III. General Rules for THE Play through the Fair Green, including Hazards, and ON the Putting Green. 38. After the tee shots have been play- ed, theball furthest from thehole towhich the sides are playing shall be played first. A player may, before his side has'played another stroke, recall the stroke of an opponent, played in contravention of this FAIR GREEN. 2$ Rule, and compel him to play another. (Rule 9.) Notes.— («) The recalled stroke does not form part of the score. (S) An exception relating to the putting green is given in Rule 62. 39. When any vessel, wheelbarrow, tool, roller, grasscutter, box, or other similar obstruction has been placed (left) upon the course, such obstruction may be removed. (Rule 17.) 40. Wlien a ball is completely covered with fog, bent, whins, &c., only so much of these shall be set aside, in a line with the hole or otherwise, as will enable the player to have a view of the ball before he plays. (Rule 18.) See also Rule 52 (2). Query : Whether the "&c." is intended to allow a player a view of the ball in all cases, e.g:, a ball entirely covered with sand ? 41. In the case of an accident to a ball in motion the following Rules shall apply. 42. When the player's ball strikes an opponent, or opponeat's caddie, or clubs, the opponent loses the hole. (Rule 23.) 43. When the player's ball strikes or is stopped by himself, or his partner, or either of their caddies or clubs, his side loses the hole. (Rule 24.) 44. When the ball is deflected or stopped by any agency outside of the match, or by the fore-caddie, it is a "rub of the green," and the ball shall be played where it lies. (Rule M.) 26 MATCH PLAY. 45. When the ball lodges in anything m<>« .g, such ball, or, if it cannot be recoveicd, another ball, shall be dropped by the player as nearly as possible at the spot where the moving object was when the ball lodged in it. (Rale 22.) Note. — In the case of the putting green, see Rule 65. 46. A ball at rest must be played wherever it lies, or the hole given up, except as under. (Rule 29.) 47. The ball may be changed without penalty and another put in its place. (r) If a ball split into two or more pieces, another ball may be put down where the largest portion lies, or if two pieces are of apparently equal siz«, another ball may be put down where either piece lies, at the option of the player. (Rule 38.) (2) If a ball crack or become unplayable, the player may change it on intimating to his opponent his intention to do so. (Rule 38.) Note. — " Unplayable " refers to the condition and not to the position of the ball, but does not include the case of foreign matter adhering to the ball. , 48. A ball may be lifted without penalty and replaced. (i) When the balls in play lie within 6 inches of each other, the ball nearer the hole shall be lifted until the other is played, and then shall be replaced^ as near as possible in its original position. The 6 inches shall be measured from the nearest points of the two balls. Should the ball further from the hole be accidentally moved in so lifting or measuring, it shall be replac«d. Should FAIR GREEN, 27 the He of the lifted hall be altered by the opponent in playing or otherwis«, the ball may be replaced in a lie near, and as nearly as possible similar, to that from which it was lifted. (Rule 20.) Note. — It is presumed that if the ball nearer to the hole is accidentally moved in so measuring, it also is to be replaced without penalty and subject to the above provisions as to lifting. (2) When in a match of three or more sides a ball lie in any degree between the player and the hole, such ball shall be lifted. (Rule 32.) Note.— An exception relating to the putting gr«en is given in Rule 62. (3) A ball stuck fast ia wet ground or sand may be taken out and replaced loosely in the hole which it has made. (Rule 13.) Note. — It is presumed that the Rule should be read as if the word " wet," were repeated before the word "sand." 49. A ball may be lifted without penalty and dropped by the player. (i) When a ball lies on or touches any vessel, wheelbarrow, tool, roller, grass- cutter, box, or other similar obstruction which has been placed (left) upon the •ourse ; or clothes, or nets ; or ground under repair or temporarily covered up or opened, the ball shall be dropped at the nearest point of the course, or, if in a hazard, at the nearest point in the hazard. (Rule 17.) Note. — It is presumed that the nearest point means the nearest playable point. 28 MATCH PLAY. (2) When a ball lies in a flag-hole, or goh hole other than that to which the sides are playing, the ball shall be dropped not more than a club length behind such hole ; if the flag-hole be in a hazard, the ball must be dropped in the hazard. (Rule 17). (3) When a ball at rest has been displaced by any agency outside of the match ; in this case the ball or another ball shall be dropped as nearly as possible at the SDot where it lay before being so dispaced. (Rule 22.) Notes. — («) Ic is presumed that the rule should be read as if the words "or by the fore-caddie" were inserted after the word " Match." See Rule 44. (3) Wind and weather and the like are not deemed agencies outside the match. (c) In the case of balls on putting green, see Rule 65. 50. A penalty of one stroke is incurred under the following conditions : — Provided always that when a side consists of more than one player, a penalty stroke, shall not affect the rotation of play of the side incurring the penalty. (See Rule 29.) (i) When without an opponent's consent a ball is touched, changed, moved or caused to move before the hole is played out, except in the cases provided for in these Rules. (Rule 10. "^ Notes. — (a.) It is presumed that this Rule is limited to the agencies of the side to whom the ball in question belongs, and of the caddies of such side. (i.) Moving a ball in act of addressing is generally reckoned a stroke of the player, not a penalty stroke. FAIR GREEN. 29 (c) The Rules referred to are as follows : — J^o penalty is incurred. {a) Making a fair stroke. Rule 3. (j)) Ball unplayable under Rule 49, (i) and (2). Moved by outside . agency. 49 (3). ifi) Lying within 6 inches of another under Rule 48 (i) ; in three ball match interfering with play. Rule 48 (2). (^ Split! ing or becoming unplayable under Rule 47. (^) Stuck fast in wet ground or sand. Rule 48 (3). Player's ball displacing opponent's ball. Rule 64. Penalty of loss of hole is incurred. (/) Ball moved by opponent or op- ponent's caddie. Rule 53. (^) Ball moved in hazard. Rule 56. (Ji) Foul stroke. Rule 52 (3) (and see Rule 43). (») Playing out of turn in foursome » Rule 52 (4). O) Holing out with wrong ball. Rule 54. (2) When the player, not being in the act of making a stroke, or his partner, or either of their caddies touches their side's ball, so as to move it, or by touching anything causes it to move.. (Rule 25.) (3) When the player plays the opponent's ball, except — {a) The opponent thereupon plays the play er's ball ; in which case the penalty is cancelled, and the hole must be played out with the balls thus exchanged (Rule 27.) 30 MATCH PLAY. (b) The mistake occurs through wrong information given by _ the ojj- ponent ; in which case the mistake, if discovered before the opponent has played, must be rectified by placing a ball as nearly as possible where the opponent's ball lay. (Rule 27.) Note. — The Rule is, apart from the exceptions, silent as to what is to be done with an opponent's ball wrongly played away, but the custom is to replace it as nearly as possible in the place from which it was wrongly played. (4) When the ball is not played because it lies or is lost in water ; in this case the player may drop a ball behind the water, on the side remote from the hole, standing as far behind as he pleases, keeping the spot at which the ball entered the water, in a line between him and the hole. (Rules 19 and 21.) Note. — This Rule is an exception to the rule as to playing in hazards ; the ball may be lifted rrom any water, even if such water be in a bunker or other hazard, and may be dropped not in, but behind such bunker or hazard, and see Rule 58, note a. ■ 51. When a ball is at rest, the penalty of the loss of the hole is incurred under the following conditions : — 52. The player's side shall lose the hole. (i) When the player or the player's caddie presses down or removes any irregu- larities of surface near the ball. (Rule 16.) Note. — It is presumed that a player's partner and his caddie are also barred. FAIR GREEN. 31 (2) When before striking at the ball the player moves, bends, or breaks anything fixed or growing near the ball, except in the act of placing his feet on the ground for the purpose of addressing the ball, and in soling his club to address the ball ; or when the ball is completely covered with fog (moss), bent, whins, &c., he sets aside more than will enable him to have a view of his ball before he plays, as per- mitted in Rule 40. (Rules 12 and 18.) Note. — It is presumed that a player's partner and caddie are also barred. (3) When the player, instead of striking the ball fairly, pushes, scrapes, or spoons the ball, or in the act of playing strikes the ball twice. (Rules 4 and 24. ) (4) When in a match of two or more on a side, a player plays when his partner should have done so. (Rule 6.) Note. — Exception as to tee shot, see 37 (3). (5) When a player loses his ball. A ball shall be held as lost if it be not found within five minutes after the search is begun. (Rule 28.) 53. The side opposing the player shall lose the hole (i) When the player's ball is accidentally moved by an opponent or opponent's caddie or clubs. (Rule 23.) Note. — Stepping on the ball of aa opponent is generally deemed an infringement ot the Rule. 54. A side shall lose the hole (i) When a player on the side has played out a hole with the ball of a party not engaged in the match, provided the mistake be discovered before either side has struck oflf from (the next; tee, (Rule 27.) 32 MATCH PLAY. Chapter IV. Special Rules for Playing through the Fair Green OR Driving Course. 55. All loose impediments within an ordinary club length of a ball may be removed. A penalty of a stroke is incurred when loose impediments (except those named in Rule 39) which are more than an ordinary club length from the ball are moved. (Rule 11.) Notes.— (a^) The loose impediment must not be in a hazard (see Rule 56). (Jb) It is inferred that earth, worm-casts (un- detached), and the like, are not deemed loose impediments. See Definition 14, and Rules 67 and 68. Snow and ice should be subjects of special arrangement. Chapter V. Special Rules for Hazards. 56. When a ball lies in or touches a hazard, the club shall not touch the ground, nor shall anything be touched or moved before the player strikes at the ball, except that the player may place his feet firmly on the ground for the purpose of addres-sing the ball. But if in the backward or in the downward swing any gras'^, bent, whin, or other growing substance, or the side of a bunker, a wall, paling, or other immovable obstacle be touched, no penalty shall be incurred. (Rule 14.) HAZARDS. 33 A penalty of the loss of the hole is incurred by the side infringing the above rule, except as provided in the Rules. (Rule 14.) Notes.— («) The exceptions are as follows : — Without Peiialty. (a) If the ball split or become unplayable another may be put down. Rule 47. {d) If the balls lie within six inches, the nearer may be lifted and replaced. Rul« 48 (i) and 48 {2) three-ball match. (c) A ball stuck fast in wet ground or (wet) sand may be replaced loo-.ely in the hole it has made. Rule 48 (3). (d) If whins, fog, bent, &c., completely cover a ball, so much of these may be set aside as to enable the player to see the bail. Rule 40. (e) If any wheelbarrow, tool, roller, grass- cutter, box, or other similar obstruction has been placed (left) upon the course, it may be moved. Rule 39. (_/) When the ball touches any of the obstructions named in preceding para- graph, the ball may be lifted and dropped in the hazard at the nearest point clear of such obstructions. Rule 49 (i). (^) When a ball lies in a flag hole in a hazard, it may be lifted and dropped in the hazard not more than a club length behind such hole. Rule 49 (2). (A) Query whether a side is entitled to a view of its ball under Rule 40. With Penalty of a Stroke (i) A ball may be lifted from water and dropped behind the hazard. Rule 50 (4X 34 MATCH PLAY. (J?) When turf is within a hazard,! t is a moot point whether it should be deemed part of the hazard or not; generally it is not deemed part. (f) The definition of hazard (Definition 14) makes this rule so sweeping, that explanatory riders are some times adopted, as for instance : In a hazard, the club shall not be grounded, but the act of touching lightly anything of the nature of grass, entails no penalty. 57. A ball lifted in a hazard, as permitted in Rules 49(1), (2) and (3), must be dropped in the hazard. (Rule 17.) 58. When a ball is to be dropped behind a hazard, the player shall keep the spot from which the ball was lifted, in a line between him and the hole. He may stand as far behind the hazard as he pleases. (Rule 19.) Notes. — («) In the case of recognised water hazards, such as ditches or streams (burns), it is the custom to give the player the option of lifting if the ball is in the hazard, irrespective of its being in the water. (jb) For- rule as to dropping ball lifted from water, see Rule 50 (4). Chapter VI. Special Rules for the Putting Green. 59. Either side is entitled to have the sflag-stick removed when approaching the hole. (Rule 35.) 60. When the ball rests against the flag- «tick before it has been removed from the hole, the player shall be entitled to remove PUTTING GREEN. 35 the Stick, and, if the ball fall in, it shall be considered as holed out in the previous stroke,. (Rule 35.) 61. All loose impediments may be re- moved from the putting green. (Rule 31.) 62. In a match of three or more sides, a ball lying in any degree between the player and the hole must be holed out. (Rule 32.) Note. — When they lie within nches of each other, Rule 48 (i) applies. 63. When the player's ball knocks the opponent's ball into the hole, the latter shall be counted as holed out in the previous stroke. (Rule 36.) 64. When, in playing, the player's ball displaces the opponent's ball, the opponent shall have the option of replacing it. (Rule 36.) 65. When a ball may be dropped, under the Rules 45 and 49, it may be replaced by hand, not dropped. (Rule 22.) 66. The player may have his own or his partner's caddie to stand at the hole. (Rule 33.) Note.— The custom is to allow anyone to do this service for the player. 67. The player, or his caddie, may re- move sand, earth, worm-casts, or snow lying around the hole or on the line of his put. This shall be done by brushing lightly with the hand only across the put C 2 36 MATCH PLAY. and not along it. Offensive matter may- be removed to a side by an iron club, but the club must not be laid with more than its own weight upon the ground. The club may be placed immediately in tront of the ball in the act of addressing it. (Rule 34-) Note. — Custom in some clubs includes mole-hills as movable. 68. The penalty of the loss of the hole is incurred under the following condi- tions : — The player's side shall lose the hole (i) When any mark is placed, or any line drawn as a guide on the ground. The line to the hole may be pointed out, but the person doing so may not touch the ground with the hand or club (Rule 33). Note. — The agencies are not named, but it is presumed these are the player and his partner or either of their caddies. (2) When any of the players or their caddies move so as to shield the ball from or expose it to the wind (Rule 33). (3) When the player or his caddie presses down sand, earth, worm-casts, or snow Ijjing around the hole or on the line of msput. (Rule 34.) (4) When the putting line is touched by club, hand, or foot, except as permitted in Rule 67. (Rule 34.) See above note to (a), 69. A penalty of a loss of a stroke is. incurred : — When a player plays before his opponent's ball has ceased to roll. (Rule 36.) GENERAL. — MEDAL PLAY. 37 Chapter VII. General. 70. A side shall lose the hole when a player on the side asks for advice from, or is knowingly advised about the game by word, look, or gesture by anyone except his own caddie, or his partner or his partner's caddie. (Rule 37.) 71. Should any dispute arise on any point, the players have the right of deter- mining the party or parties to whom the dispute shall be referred, but should they not agree, either party may refer it to the Oreen Committee of the Green where the dispute occurs, and their decision shall be final. Should the dispute not be covered by the Rules of Golf the arbiters must decide it by equity. (Rule 40.) III. SPECIAL RULES FOR MEDAL PLAY. 27. The ordinary Rules of Golf (Defini- tions and Rules for Match Play), so far as they are not at variance with the following special Rules, shall apply to Medal Play. (Medal Rule 14.) N.B.— Following the order of the Rules in the preceding pages, each rule is referred to in order hereinafter if (i) it does not apply to Medal Play ; (2) its application to Medal Play diflfers from its application to Match Play ; (3) it is modified by any of the Special Rules for Medal Play. 38 MEDAL PLAY. The Special Rules for Medal Play have been considered solely in relation to Club and Prize Competitions, where scores are returned by several sets of players all compfeting against each other, and not merely against their immediate adversary. Chapter I. Rules for the Order OF Play. 30-32. Rules 30, 31, and 32 do not apply to Medal Play, for which the follow- ing are substituted : — ( 1 ) The scores shall be kept by a special marker, or by the competitors noting each other's scores. The scores marked shall be checked at the finish of each hole. On completion of the stipulated number of holes, the score of each player shall be signed by the person keeping the score, and handed to the Secretary. (Medal Rule 4, ) (2) The side doing (playing) the stipu- lated number of holes in the fewest strokes, including any penalty strokes incurred under Rules 43, 50 (i), (2), (4) and (5); 52 (3) and (5) ; 55 and 69 ; and see 50 (3), shall be the winner. (Medal Rule i.) (3) If the lowest score be made by two or more sides, the result is a tie, and any such ties shall be decided by another round, to be played either on the same or any other day as the Captain, or, in his absence, the Secretary, shall direct. (Medal Rule 2. ) Note.— It is the custom to-decide ties by playing again the exact number of holes stipulated, whether that be more or less than one round TEEING GROUND. 39- 33-34. It is the C'lslom to follow Rules 3 j and 34 relating to the honour, see next rule. Note.— In Medal Play there is no match in the sense of the Match Play Rules, therefor* rules as to the honour do not apply. Chapter II. Rules for the Teeing Ground. 35 and 37. Rule 35 and 37 (i, 2, 3), apply to Medal Play, with the following: differences : — (i) When a player in breach of Rule 35 plays a ball from out.- ide the limits of the Teeing Ground he shall be disqualified. (Medal Rules I and 12), except that according to custom the player is entitled to correct such mistake by forthwith playing another ball from within the limits of the Teeing Ground, (2) It is the custom to follow this rule, but not to give option of recall. See note to 33-34- Note.— Medal Play is rarely taken part in by more than one player on one side, but the inference is that if a player plays the tee shot when his partner should have done so, his side shall be disqualified, except that accord- ing to custom his side may correct the mistake by the partner forthwith pl= er shall return, as nearly as possible, to the spot where the ball was (lasr) struck (from), and tee another ball. If the lost ball be found before he has struck the other ball, the firs* ball shall continue in play. (Medal Rule 5.) 44 MEDAL PLAY. — HAZARDS. 53. Ball moved by opponent. The inference is that no penalty is incurred. Note. — The case of a player's ball being acci- dentally moved by his opponent, is dealt with in ^Rule 23), but is omitted in the special rule (Medal Rule 7) which amends (Rule 23) for Medal Play. The opponent should be regarded as an agency outside the match. No penalty is incurred, and the ball should be re- placed. See Rule 49 (3). 54. The inference is that Rule 54 is varied as follows : — When a side has played out a hole with the ball of a party not engaged in the match, the non discovery of the mistake before striking off from the next tee shall not cancel the mistake. (Medal Rule i and 12.) Note. — If mistake rectified by holing out with proper ball, penalty does not attach. Chapter V. Special Rule for Hazards. 56. The inference is that the penalty attached to Rule 56 is disqualification. See Notes to 46. Chapter VI. Special Rules for the Play on the Putting Green. 59. Rule 59 is added to as follows : — (i) The flag stick sha'l be removed when the play is on the putting green. (Medal Ruleo.) It is the duty of the player to see that the flag stick is removed. When the rule has not been observed, and the player's . ball hits the stick, the inference is that the penalty is disqualification. (Medal Rule 12.) Query : If it does not hit the stick, is there anj* penalty ? PUTTING GREEN. 45 (2) All balls shall be holed out (Medal Rule 9). Ttie side infringing this Rule shall be dis- qualified. (Medal Rules i and 12.) 62. The side whose ball is nearest the hole shall have the option of holing out first, or of lifting his l>all, if it be in such a position that . it might, if left, give an ad- vantage to the other sides. (Medal Rule 9. ) Notes. — {a) This is an exception to Rule 38. {b) It is against the spirit of the game for one player to give any advantage to any other individual player. Not one, but many are competing. 63. "When the player's ball knocks his opponent's ball into the hole, the custom is that the latter should not h& counted as holed out in the previous stroke, and that the ball knocked into the hole should be replaced. 64. Note.— The inference is that opponent's ball must be replaced. See notes to 49 (3) and to 62. 68. The inference is that the penalty attached to Rule 68 and its sections is disqualification. See Notes to 46. 68 (b). When a player, after new holes are made, plays a stroke on a putting green (of the stipulated round) before competing, he shall be disquahfied. (Medal Rules 3 and 12.) Note.— -By custom, holing out with a wrong ball is not va infringement of this rule. 4C MEDAL PLAY. — GENERAL. Chapter VII. General. 70. A side may not receive advice from any one except his caddie, under the penalty of disqualification. (Medal Rules 10 and 12.) Query : His partner and partner's caddie not barred. 71. Any disputes regarding the play shall be determined by the Green Com- mittee. 72. New holes shall be made for the Medal Round. (Medal Rule 3. ) 73. When a player plays with a pro- fessional he shall be disqualified. (Medal Rules 10 and 12.) 74. When a player discontinues "play because of bad weather, he shall be dis- qualified. (Medal Rule 11.) Query : Whether discontinuance owing to any frivolous cause is not also barred. 75. The penalty for a breach of anj Rule is disqualification. Note. — This cannot apply to the Rules to which penalties of strokes have been expressly assigned. Query whether it is to be held to apply strictly to every Rule to which no penalty has been assigned, or to which the penalty of t?ie loss of the hole has been assigned. It must be taken to apply at least to Special Medal Rules to which no penalty has been assigned. 47 IV. ETIQUETTE OF GOLF. The following customs belong to the estab- lished Etiquette of Golf and should be observed by all Golfers : — 1. Turf ciit or displaced by a stroke in playing should be at once replaced. 2. No player, caddie, or onlooker should move or talk during a stroke. 3. In Match Play tlie reckoning of the strokes is kept by the terms — "the odd," "two more" "three more," &c., and "one off three," "one off two," "the like." The reckoning of the holes is kept by the terms — so many " holes up," or " all even," and so many " to play." 4. No player should play from the tee until the party in front have played their second strokes and are out of range. 5. The player who leads from the tee should be allowed to play before his opponent tees his ball. 6. No player should play to the putting green till the party in front have holed out and moved away. 7. A player should not put at the hole when the flag is in it. 8. Players who have holed out should not try their puts over again when other players are following them. 48 ST. ANDREWS RULES. 9. Players looking for a losi ball must allow any other match coming up to pass them. 10. A party playing three or more balls must allow a two-ball match to pass them. 11. A party playing a shorter round must allow a two-ball match playing the whole round to pa^s them. V. ST. ANDREWS RULES. 1. The Game of Golf is played by two or more sides, each playing its own ball. A side may consist of one or more per^ons. 2. The game consists in each side play- ing a ball from a tee into a ho.e by successive strokes, and the hole is won by the side holing its ball in the fewest strokes, except as otherwise provided for in the rules. If two side: hole out in the same number of strokes, the hole is halved. 3. The teeing ground shall be indicated by two marks placed in a line at right angles to the course, and the player shall not tee in front of, nor on either side of, these marks, nor more than two club lengths behind ihem. A ball played from outside the limits of the teeing ground, as thus defined, may be recalled by the opposite side. ST. ANDREWS RULES. 49 The hole shall be 4^ inches in diameter and at least 4 inches deep. 4. The ball must be fairly struck at, and not pushed, scraped, or spooned! under penalty of the loss of the hole. Any movement of the club which is in- tended to strike the ball is a stroke. 5. The game commences by each side playmg a ball from the first teeing ground. In a match with two or more on a side, the partners shall strike off alternately from the tees, and shall strike alternately dunng the play of the hole. The players who are to strike against each other shall be named at starting, and shall cuntmue in the same order during the match. ^ The player who shall play first on each side shall be named by his own side. In case of failure to agree, it shall be settled by lot or toss which side shall have the option of leading. 6. If a player shall play when his partner should have done so, his side shall lose the hole, except in the case of the tee shot, when the stroke may be recalled at the option of the opponents. _ 7- The side winning a hole shall lead in startmg for the next hole, and may recall the opponent's stroke should he play out of order. This privilege is called the "honour." On starting for a new 50 ST. ANDREV.-S RULES. match, the winner of the long match in the previous round is entitled lo the '■ honour." Should the first match have been halved, the winner of the last hole gained is entitled to the " honour." 8. One round of the Links — generally l8 holes — is a match, unless otherwise agreed upon. The match is won by the side which gets more holes ahead than there remain holes to be played, or by the side winning the last hole when the match was all even at the second last hole. If both sidts have won the same number, it is a halved match. 9. After the balls are struck from the tee, the ball furthest from the: hole to which the parties are playing shall be played first, except as otherwise provided for in the rules. Should the wrong side play first, the opponent may recall the stroke before his side has played. 10. Unless with the opponent's consent, a ball struck from the tee shall not be changed, touched, or moved before the hole is played out, under the penalty of one stroke, except as otheiwise provided for in the rules. 11. In playing through the green, all loose impediments, within a club length of a ball which is not lying in or touching a hazard, may be removed, but loose impedi- ments which are more than a club length ST. ANDREWS RULES. 5 1 from the ball shall not be removed under penalty of one Siroke. 12.. Before striking at the ball, the player shall not move, bend, or break anything fixed or growing near the ball, except in the act of placing his feet on the ground for the purpose of addressing the b dl, and in soling his club to address the ball, under the penalty of tbe loss of the hole, except as provided for in Rule i8. 13. A ball stuck fast in wet ground or sand may be taken out and replaced loosely in ihe hole which it has made. 14. When a ball lies in or touches a hazard, the club shall not touch the ground, nor shall anything be touched or m^ved before the player strikes at the ball, except that the player may place his feet firmly on the ground for the purpose of addressing the ball, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. But if in the backward or in the downward swing any grass, bent, whin, or other growing substance, or the side of a bunker, a wall, paling, or other immovable obstacle be touched, no penalty shall be incurred. 15. A " hazard " shall be any bunker of whatever nature : — water, sand, loose earth, mole hills, paths, roads or railways, whms, bushes, rushes, rabbit scrapes, fences, ditches, or anything which is not the ordin ry green of the course, except sand 52 ST. ANDREWS RULES. blown on to the grass by wind, or sprinkled on grass for the preservation of the Links, or snow or ice, or bare patches on the course. 1 6. A player or a player's caddie shall not press down or remove any irregularities of surface near the ball, except at the Teeing Ground, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 17. If any vessel, wheel-barrow, tool, roller, grass-cutter, box, or other similar obstruction has been placed upon ihe course, such obstruction may be removed. A ball lying on or touching such obstruct! 'n, or on clothes, or nets, or on ground ui der repair or temporarily covered up or opened, may be lifted and dropped at the nrarest point of the course, but a ball lifted in a hazard shall be dropped in the hazard. A ball lying in a golf hole or flag hole, may be lifted and dropped not more than a club length behind such hole. I?. When a ball is completely covered with fog, bent, whins, &c., only so much thereof shall be set aside as that Ihe plaver shall have a view of hs ball before he plays, whether in a line with the hole or other- wise. 19. When a ball is to be dropped, the player shall drop it. He shall front the hole, stand erect behind the hazard, keep the spot from which the ball was lifted (or ST. ANDREWS RULES. 53 in the case of running water, the spot at which it entered) in a line between him and the hole, and drop the ball behind hitn from his head, standing as far behind the hazard as he may please. 20. When the balls in play lie within six inches . of each other — measured from their nearest points — the ball nearer the hole shall be lifted until the other is played, and shall then be replaced as nearly as possible in its original position. Should the ball further from the hole be accident- ally moved in so doing, it shall be replaced. Should the lie of the lifted ball be altered by the opponent in playing, it may be placed in a lie near to, and as nearly as possible, similar to that from which it was lifted. 21. If the ball lie or be lost in water, the player may drop a ball, under the penalty of one stroke. 22. Whatever happen^; by accident to a ball in. motion, such as its being deflected or stopped by any agency outside the match, or by the forecaddie, is a "rub of the green," and the ball shall be played from where it lies. Should a ball lodge in any- thing moving, such ball, or if it cannot be recovered, another ball shall be dropped as nearly as possible at the spot where the object was when the ball lodged in it. But if a b?ll at rest be displaced by any 54 ST. ANDREWS RULES. agency outside the match, the player shall drop it or another ball as nearly as possible at the spot where it lay. On the Putting Green the ball may be replaced by hand. 23. If the player's ball strike, or be accidentally moved by an opponent or an opponent's caddie or clubs, the opponent loses the hole. 24. If the player's ball strike, or be stopped by himself or his partner, or either of their caddies or clubs, or if, while in the act of playing, the player strike the ball twice, his side loses the hole. 25. If the player when not making a stroke, or his partner or either of their caddies touch their side's ball, except at the tee, so as to move it, or by touching anything cause it to move, the penalty is one stroke. 26. A ball is considered to have been moved if it leave its original position in the least degree and stop in another ; but if a player touch his ball and thereby cause it to oscillate, without causing it to leave its original position, it is not moved in the sense of Rule 25. 27. A player's side loses a stroke if he play the opponent's ball, unless (i) the op\ onent then play the player's ball, where- by the penalty is cancelled, and the hole must be played out with the balls thus exchanged, or (2) the mistake occurs ST. ANDREWS RULES. 55 through wrong information given by the onponent, in which case the mistake, if discovered before the opponent has played, must be rectified by placing a ball as nearly as possible where the opponent's ball lay. If it be discovered before either side has struck off. at the tee that one side has played out the previous hole with the ball )i a party not engaged in the match, that side loses that hole. 28. If a ball be lost, the player's side loses the hole. A ball shall be held as lost if it be not found within five minutes after the search is begun. 29. A ball must be played wherever it lies, or the hole be given up, except as otherwise provided for in the Rules. 30. The term " Putting Green " shall mean the ground within 20 yards of the hole, excepting hazards. 31. All loose imppdiments may be re- moved from the Putting Green, except the opponent's ball when at a greater distance from the player's than six inches. 32. In a match of three or more sides, a ball in any degree lying between the player and the hole must be lifted, or, i/ on the Putting Green, holed out. 33. When the ball is on the Putting Green, no mark shall be placed, nor line drawn as a guide. The line to the hole may be pointed out, but the person doing 56 ST. ANDREWS RULES. SO may not touch the ground with the hand or club. The player may have his own or his partner's caddie to stand at the hole, but none of the players or their caddies may move so as to shield the ball from, or ex- pose it to, the wind. The penalty for any breach of this rule is the loss of the hole. 34. The player or his caddie may remove (but not press down) sand, earth, worm casts or snow lying around the hole or on the line of his put. This shall be done by brushing lightly with the hand only across the put and not along it. Dung may be removed to a side by an iron club, but the club must not be laid with more than its own weight upon the ground. The putting line must not be touched by club, hand, or foot, except as above authorised, or im- mediately in front of the ball in the act of addressing it, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 35. Either side is entitled to have the flag-stick removed when approaching the hole. If the ball rest against the flag-stick when in the hole, the player shall be entitled to remove the stick, and if the ball fall In, it shall be considered as holed out in the previous stroke. 36. A player shall not play until the opponent's ball shall have ceased to roll, ST. ANDREWS RULES, 57 under the penalty of one stroke. Should the player's ball knock in the opponent's ball, the latter shall be counted as holed oat in the p evious stroke. If, in playing, the player's ball displace the opponent's ball, the opponent shall have the option of replacing it: 37. A player shall not ask for advice, nor be knowingly advised about the game by word, look, or gesture from any one except his own caddie, or his paitner or partner's caddie, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 38. If a ball split into separate pieces, another ball may be put down where the largest portion lies, or if two pieces are appirently of equal size, it may be put where either piece lies, at the option of the player. If a ball crack or become unplay- able, the player may change it, on inti- mating to his opponent his intention to do so. 39. A penalty stroke shall not be counted the stroke of a player, and shall not affect the rotation of play. 40. Should any dispute arise on any point, the players have the right of deter- mining the party or parties to whom the dispute shall be referred, but should they not agree, either party may refer it to the Green Committee of the Green where the dispute occurs, and their decision shall $8 ST. ANDREWS RULES. be final. Should the dispute not be covered by the Rules of Golf, the arbiters must decide it by equity. SPECIAL RULES FOR MEDAL PLAY. 1. In Club competitions, the competitor doing the stipulated course in fewest strokes shall be the winner. 2. If the lowest score be made by two or more competitors, the ties shall be decided by another round to be played either on the same or on any other day as the Captain or, in his absence, the Secretary shall direct. 3. New holes shall be made for the Medal Round, and thereafter no member shall play any stroke on a Putting Green before compeiing. 4. The scores shall be kept by a special marker, or by the competitors noting each other's scores. The scores marked shall be checked at the finish o*^ each hole. On completion of the course, the score of the player shall be signed by the person keep- ing the score and handed to the Secretary. 5. If a ball be lost, the player shall return as nearly as possibla to the spot ST. ANDREWS RULES. 59 where the ball was struck, tee another ball, and lose a stroke. If the lost ball be found before he has struck the other ball, the first shall continue in play. 6. If the player's ball strike himself,' or his clubs, or caddie, or if, in the act of paying, the- player strike the ball twice, the penalty shall be one stroke. 7. If a competitor's ball strike the other player, or his clubs, or caddie, it is a "rub of the green," and the ball shall be played from where it lies. 8. A ball may, under a penalty of two strokes, be lifted out of a difficulty of any description, and be teed behind same. 9. All balls shall be holed out, and when play is on the Putting Green, the flag shall be removed, and the competitor whose ball is nearest the hole shall have the option of holing out first, or of lifting his ball, if it be in such a position that it might, if left, give an advantage to the other competitor. Througliout the green a competitor can have the other com- petitor's ball lifted, if he find that it interferes with his stroke. 10. A competitor may not play with a professional, and he may not receive advice from anyone but his caddie. A forecaddie may be employed. 11. Competitors may not discontinue play because of bad weather. 60 ST. ANDREWS RULES. 12. The penalty for a breach of any rule shall be disqualification. 13. Any dispute regarding the play shall be determined by the Green Committee. 14. The ordinary Rules of Golf, so far as they are not at variance with these special rules, shall apply to Medal play. 6i APPENDICES. A— SPECIMENS OF OLD CODES. (i) Rules for the Game of Golf, as it IS played by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, over their Links, 1842. L — Mode and order of playing the Game. The game of Golf is played by two persons, or by four (two of a side) playing alternately. It may also be played by three or more persons, each playing their own ball. The game comm'^nces by each party playing off a ball from a place calk d the tee, near the first hole. In a match of four, those who are opposed to each other, and to play off, shall be named at starting, and shall continue so during the match The person entitled to play off first shall be named by the parties themselves; and although the courtesy of starting is generally granted to old captains or members, it may be settled by lot or toss 62 APPENDIX. of a coin. The hole is won by the party holing at fewest strokes, and the reckon- ing of the game is made by the terms oads and like, one niorcy two more, &c. The party gaining the hole is to lead, and is entitled to claim his privilege, and to recall his adversary's stroke should he play out of order. One round of the Links, or 1 8 holes, is reckoned a match, uniess otherwise stipulated. II. — Place of Teeing. The balls must be teed not nearer the hole than two club-lergths, and not further from it than four ; and, after they are struck off, the ball farthest from the hole to which the parties are playing must be played first. III. — Changing the Balls. The balls struck off from the tee must not be changed, touched, or moved, in any case, except in striking, before the hole is played out ; and if the parties are at a loss to know the one ball from the other, neither shall be lifted till both parties agree. IV.— Lifting of Break Clubs, &c. There shall be no lifting or removing of any impediment or obstruction whatever on or off the course (except on the putting- EARLY CODES. 63 green, as specified in Rules VI. and XIII. )> nor is any obstruction to be bent down or levelled with the club. When a ball lies in a bunker or sand, there shall be no impression made or sand removed by the club before or in playing. When a ball lies on clothes or within a club- length of a washing-tub, the clothes may be drawn from under the ball, and the tub may be removed. V. — Entitled to see the Ball. When a ball is completely covered with fog, bent, whins, &c., so much thereof shall be set aside as that the player shall merely have a view of his ball before he plays, whether in a line with the hole or otherwise. A ball stuck fast in wet ground or sand, may be taken out and replaced loosely in the hole it has made. VI.— Clearing the Putting-Green. All loose impediments, of whatever kind, may be lifted on the putting-green, or table-land, on which the hole is placed, which is consid red not to exceed twenty yards from the hole. But a ball, although lyi ig within less than twenty yards of the hole, which requires to be played with a heavyr or click-iron, from the broken or unevea surface of the ground, shall not be reckoned on the putting-green, nor entitled 64 APPENDIX. lo the privilege of lifting loose imjiedi- ments- this privilege being limited to the green or table-land, where iron or wooden •butters are alone used. VII. —Rabbit-scrapes, Burrows, Holes, &c. If a ball lies in a rabbit scrape, ihe player shall not be at liberty to take it out, but must play it as from any common hazard ; if, however, it lies in a rabbit burrow, or any of the holes made 'or golfing, he may lift it, drop it behind the hazard, and play with an iron without losing a stroke. VIII. — Lifting Balls. When, on any part of the course, or off it, or in a bunker, the balls lie within six inches of each other, the ball nearest ihe hole must be lifted till the other is played, and then, replaced, as nearly as possible in its original position - the six inches to be measured from the surface of the balls. In a three-ball match on the putting green, the ball in any degree interposing between the player and the hole must be played out. IX.— Ball in Water, or in the Bjrn, AND PLACE OF RE-TEEING. II the ball is half-c vered or more wi.h water, the player may take it ouij tee it* EARLY CODES. 65 end play from behind the hazard, losing a stroke. If the ball lies in any position in the burn across the first hole, the player may take it out, tee it behind, and lose a stroke, or he may play it where it lies, if he chooses, without a penalty. In taking out and re-teeing, the ball shall be placed immediately behind the spot at which it entered the burn or hazard, and within a club-length of the hazard. X. — Rubs of the Green. Whatever happens to a ball by accident, or is done to it by third parties, or by the fore-cady, must be reckoned a rub of the green, and submitted to. If, however, the player's ball strikes his adversary, or his adversary's cady or clubs, the adversary loses the hole ; or if it strikes himself or his partner, or their cadies or clubs, or if he strikes the ball, or strikes at it twice before it stops motion, the player loses the hole. If the player touch the ball with his fuot, or any part of his body, or anything except his club, or with his club moves the ball in preparing to strike, he loses the hole ; and if one party strikes his adversary's ball with his club, foot, or otherwise, that party loses the hole. But if he plays it inadvertently, thinking it his own, and the adversary a'so plays the wrong ball, it is then tQO E 66 APPENDIX. late to claim the penalty, and the hole must be played out with the balls thus changed. If, however, the mistake occurs from wrong information given by one party to the other, the penalty cannot be claimed ; and the mistake, if discovered before the other party has played, must be rectified by replacing the ball as nearly as possible where it lay. XI. — Ball Lost. If a ball is lost, the player (or his partner, if a double match) returns to the spot where the ball was struck, tees another ball, and loses both the distance and a stroke If the original ball is found before the party playing a new one has come to the ground where it was lost, the first shall continue the one to be played. XII. — Club Breaking. If in . striking the club breaks, it is nevertheless to be accounted a stroke, if the part of the club remaining in the player's hand either strike the ground or pass the ball. XIII.— Holing out. In holing, no mark shall be placed or line drawn to direct the ball to the hole : the ball must be played fairly and honestly for the bole, and pot on your adversary's EARLY CODES. 67 ball, not being in the way to the hole ; nor, although lying in the way to the hole, is the player entitled to play with any strength upon it that might injure his position, or greater than is necessary honestly to send your own ball the distance of the hole. Either party may smooth sand lying around the hole, but this must be done lightly and without pressure, or beating down with the feet, club or otherwise. XIV.— Dropping Ball. In all cases where a ball is to be dropped, the party doing so shall front the hole to which he is playing, standing close on the hazard, and drop the ball behind him from his head. XV. — Medal Days. New holes shall always be made on the day the medals are played for, and no competitor shall play at these holes before he starts for the prize, under the penalty of being disqualified for playing for the medal. The party losing a ball on a medal day shall, after five minutes' search, go back and lose three strokes and the distance as penalty. XVI. — Asking Advice. A player must not ask advice about the game, by word, look, or gesture, from any one except his own cady or his partner. 68 APPENDIX. 3tVII. — Disputes. Any dispute respecting the play shall bt determined by the Captain or senior member present ; or, if none of the members are present, by the Captain and his Annual Council for the time at theii first meeting. (2) Golf Rules to be observed by thr Honourable Company of Golfers, 1809 1. You must tee your ball, not nearer the hole than two club-lengths, nor farther from it than four, and the tee must be upon the ground. 2. The ball farthest from the hole must be first played. 3. You are not to change the ball struck from the tee before the hole is played out, and if at a loss to know the one ball from the other, neither of them to be uplifted till both parties agree. 4. You are not to remove stones, bones or any break -club in order to play your ball, except upon the fair green j but if a ball stick fast in the ground, it may be loosened. 5. The player, in every case, shall be entitled to lift his ball, drop it at Such distance as he thinks proper, behind the hazard, and lose one stroke ; but where EARLY CODES. 69 he cannot gel behind the hazard without going off the green, he shall be entitled to drop his ball on the green, on a line with the place where it lay, except it lies on any of the roads bounding the links. 6. If a ball is half covered, or more, with water on the green, the player is at liberty to take it out, drop it behind the hazard, and play with an iron without losing a stroke ; and where the ball is coiTipldtely covered with fog or grass, so much thereof may be set aside, as that the player shall have a view of his ball before he plays. 7. If a ball lies in any of the water- tracks on the green, it may be taken out, dropped behind the track, and played with an iron club without losing a stroke. 8. When the balls lie within six inches of one another, the ball nearest the hole to be lifted till the other is played. 9. If a ball be stopt by accident, it must be played where it lies, but if stopt by the adversary, or his cady, the party who stops the ball to lose the hole. 10. If a ball is lost on the green, the player shall drop another behind the place where the other was lost, and lose one. 11. If, in striking, the club breaks, it is nevertheless to be accounted a stroke, if you either strike the ground, or pass the ball. 70 APPENDIX. 12. At holing, you are not to mark the direction to the hole : you are to play your ball honestly for the hole, and not play on your adversary's ball, not lying in your way to the hole ; but all loose impediments may be removed within six club-lengths of the hole. 13. In all cases where a ball is to be dropped, the party dropping shall front the hole to which he is playing, and drop the ball behind him over his head, 14. Any disputes respecting the play shall be determined by the captain or senior counsellor present. Geo. Mitchell, Captain, Leith, 27th May, 1809. (3) Rules of the Game of Golf, adopted by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, 1839. I. — Order of Play. At the commencement of the day, if the parties cannot agree which of them is to play first, a Toss must take place, and whoever wins it plays first or not as he or they please. If the party not entitled to it pky first at any hole, the Ball may either be taken back and played in its proper EARLY CODES. JZ order, or it may be held as the regular teed stroke, in the adversary's option^ After the teed strokes have been struck^ the Bali farthest from the hole to which the parties are playing must be played first. II.— Place of Teeing. The Balls must be teed not nearer the hole than two club-lengths, nor farther from it than four, and in front of the hole as you look towards the hole to which you are going to play. III. — Against changing the Ball. The Ball struck from the tee must not be changed before the hole is played out ; and if the parties are at a loss to know the one Ball from the other, neither shall be lifted till both parties agree. IV. — Lifting break-clubs, &c. On the fair green, grass, or driving course, stones, bones, or any break-club, wiihin a club-length of the Ball, may be removed. Nothing ihat is fixed or grow- ing can be removed at any time, either on the driving course or Putting-Green. Noth- ing whatever can be removed when the Ball lies in sand, on the road, in a bunker, or in whins. No loose impediment, such as turf, bent, whins, that is not a 72 APPENDIX. forea.c-club, can be removed on the driving ■course, nor is any obstruction to be beat down or levelled with the Club. When the Ball is in sand, or in a hazard, the player must take care, in aiming at the Ball, that he does not alter or improve its position. If he does so, he loses the hole. V. — Entitled to see the Ball. When a Ball, however, is completely covered with fog, bent, whins, &c., so much thereof shall be set aside, as that the Player shall have a view of his Ball before he plays. A Ball which is stuck fast in wet ground may be loosened. VI.— Clearing Putting Green. All loose impediments, of whatever kind, may be removed on the Putting Green, which is considered not to exceed twenty yards from the hole. " VII.— Holes, &c. If the Ball lie in a rabbit-scrape, or in any other hole, except as below, the Player shall not be at liberty to take it out, but must play it as from any common hazard, or lose the hole ; if, however, it lie in a rabbit -hole or burrow, or in a hole made for the purpose of golfing, he may lift it, drop it behind the hazard, and play with an Iron without losing a stroke. EARLY CODES. 73 VIII.— Lifting Balls. When the Balls lie within six inches of each other, anywhere except on the Putting Green, the Ball nearest the hole must be lifted if either party require it. On the Putting Green it is optional to the Player to have a Ball in such circumstances lifted or not. The six inches to be measured from the surface of each Ball. In a Three-Ball Match, the Ball nearest the hole, and within the prescribed distance, must be lifted, if the third party require it, whether the Player does so or not. In all •cases where a Ball is lifted, it ought, if possible, to be done by a disinterested spectator, and replaced by him as nearly as possible in the same spot, and the Ball itself lying in the same way as it did before. IX.— Ball in Water. If the Ball is half-covered or more with water on the fair green, the Player may take it out, drop it behind the water, and play with an Iron, without losing a stroke. But if the water was in a hazard, the Ball may be taken out, dropped behind the hazard, and played with an Iron, losing a stroke. X. — Rubs of the Green. W^hatever happens to a Ball by accident, or is done to it by third parties, or by the 74 APPENDIX. Fore Cady, must be reckoned a rub of the gr-en, and submitted to ; if, however, the Player's Ball strike his adversary or his adversary's Cady or Clubs, the adversary loses the hole ; if the Player touch his Ball in the course of the hole with his foot, or any part of his body, or anything except his Club ; or if it strike himself or his Partner, or either of their Cadies, or their Clubs, or if he strikes the Ball or strikes at it, twice before it stops motion, the Player loses the hole. If one party strikes his adversary's Ball with his Club, his foot or otherwise, that party loses the hole ; but if - he play it inadvertently, thinking it his own, and the adversary also play the wrong Ball, it is then too late to claim the penalty, and the hole must be played out with the Balls thus changed. Or if the mistake occurs from information given to one party by the other, the penalty cannot be claimed, and the mistake, if discovered before the other party shall have played, must be rectified by replacing the Ball as nearly in the place ill which it lay as possible. XI.— Ball Lost. If a Ball is lost, the Player (or his Partner if in a doul)le match) returns to the sDot whence the Ball was struck, tees another Ball, and loses both the distance and a stroke. If the original Ball is found EARLY CODES. 75 before the party playing a new one has come opposite to the ground where it was lost, the first continues the one to be played. But a ball is not to be considered lost which is seen to fly on to the road or over the wall, on the south side of the road at Musselburgh. In that case the ball must be played, or the hole lost. XII.— Club Breaking. If, in striking, the Club breaks, it is nevertheless to be accounted a stroke, if the part of the Club remaining in the Player's hand either strike the ground or pass the ball. XIII. — Holing out. In hol'ng, you are not to place any mark, nor draw any line to direct you to the hole ; you are to play your Ball fairly and honestly for the hole, and not on your adversary's Ball, not lying in your way to the hole ; nor, although lying in your way to the hole, are you entitled to play with any strength upon it that might injure his position, or greater than is necessary for you honestly to send your own Ball the distance of the hole. Either party may smooth sand lying around the hole, but th'S must be done lightly, and without pressure or beating down with the Feet, Club, 3r otherwise. 76 APPENDIX. XIV.— Dropping Ball. In all cases were a Ball is to be dropped, the party dropping shall front the hole to which he is playing, and drop the Ball behind him over his head. XV.— Medal Day. New holes shall always be made on the day the medal is played for : aad no com- petitor shall play at these holes before he starts for the prize, under the penalty of being disqualified for playing for the medal. XVI.— Against Asking Advice. A Player must not ask advice about the game by word, look, or gesture, from any one except his own Caddy or his Partner. XVII. — Disputes. In all cases, where not otherwise specified, the penalty for a breach of any of these Rules is the loss of the hole. Any disputes respecting the olay shall be determined by the Captain or Senior Member present ; and if none of the Members are present, by the Captain and his annual Council for the time, at their First Meeting, N.B.— All Spectators at Golf Matches are requested to be silent, and to stand still, while the parties are striking, or about to strike. John Mansfield, Captain. EARLY CODES. 77 Laws of Golf, to be observed by the Society of Golfers at Aberdeen, 1783. 1. The distance from the hole, in teeing, shall not exceed two lengths of a club, either in advance or aside, and the tee shall be on the ground. 2. While a stroke is playing, none of the party shall walk about, make any motion, or attempt to take off the player's attention, by speaking or otherwise. 3. The party gaining a hole shall have the privilege of striking off first, as long as the opposite party do not make good a hole — the ball furthest from the hole shall be always first played. 4. If two balls happen to lie so near to one another as six inches, or less, the ball nearest the hole shall be taken up till the other be played. 5. Until the hole be quitted no ball shall- be changed nor handled on aay pretence, unless in compliance with the Fourth Law, or that the ball happens to lie on ice, or half sunk at least in water ; in' which cases the player shall have it in his option either to tee his ball on the green, behind the ice or water, or play as it lies ; if tee'd, the opposite party shall reckon one against the player. 6. No stones, bones, or other break clubs shall be removed in a hazard, nor on the fair green. 78 APPENDIX. 7. If one ball happen to be struck against another, or if the player accident- ally strike the opponent's and his own ball at the same time, both parties must take their balls as they happen to lie after such accidents. 8. No person shall be at liberty to vary or better his stance in playing, by breaking the surface of the green, placing or removing stones, sand, or any other substance ; damping his feet with water excepted. 9. In playing on the green, or out of sand, loose ground or long grass, no means shall be used to beat down the ground or grass, or to draw away or make any mark in the sand or soil, whereby to improve the lie of the ball. 10. If a stroke is made, and the club pass the ball or strike the ground, it shall be reckoned against the player, although the ball be missed, or the club happen 10 be broke. 11. A ball lost in playing shall in all cases forfeit the hole, unless when struck into water ; as to which vide Law V. ■12. The party whose ball is missing shall be allowed five minutes to search for it, after coming to the spot where the ball appeared to drop. 13. If a dog happens to carry off or damage a ball in the course of playing, the party to whom it belongs shall be EARLY CODES. 79 entitled to use another, and lay it as near to the spot where taken from as can be guessed. 14. If a stroke is made, and the ball be stopped by any person not in the game, it shall be played as it may chance to lie, although in a hazard ; the parties being obliged to submit to the accident, whether for or against the player. 15. If a ball, in playing through the green, be stopped by ihe player's partner or their club- bearers, it shall be played where it may chance to lie, and the stroke reckoned as if no such accident had happened. 16. If a ball, in playing through the green, be stopped by any of the opposite party or their club-bearers, no stroke shall be reckoned against the player, and he shall also be at liberty to lay the ball fair. 17. If any of the players or their club- bearers, by standing at or near the hole, stop a ball, whether from a putter or any other club, the hole shall be lost to the party so stopping ; with this exception only, that after a ball passes the hole and is stopped by a.ny of the opposite party, the hole shall not thereby be lost to. such party ; but the player shall have it in his option either to play the stroke over again or take the ball as it may happen to lie. 8o APPENDIX. t8. At holing the player is to aim honsiStly for the hole, and not at his opponent's ball not lying in the way. 19 The player shall not be at liberty to draw a line, or make any mark as a direction for holing, nor shall his partner stand at the hole or direct him in aiming. 20. No stones, loose sand or other im- pedimt-nts shall be removed when putting at the hole. 21. When the hole is distinctly in view of the player no person shall be allowed to stand at it for a direction. 22. If both balls happen to be holed by the same stroke, such stroke shall reckon in favour of the player's opponent, and be the same as if his ball had been previously in the hole. 23. It is unedrstood that partners may consult with, and give verbal directions to, one another, how to play, but nothing further. Golf House, Aberdeen, 9th May, 1783. The above Laws having been considered by the Society were approved of, and ordered to be strictly observed in future. Si APPENDIX B. SPECIMENS OF LOCAL BYE-LAWS. St. Andrews Links. ^ I. When the Green Committee consider It necessary, a Telegraph Board shall be used to give the numbers for starting. 2. If the ball lie in any position in the bwiican burn, whether in water on not the player may drop it or, if it cannot be recovered, another ball may be dropped on the hne where it entered the burn, on the opposite side to the hole to which he is playing, under the penalty of one stroke. 3. Should a ball be driven into the water of the Eden at the high hole, or into the sea at the first hole, the ball, or it It cannot be recovered, another ball shall be teed a club-length in front of either river or sea, near the spot where it entered, under the penalty of one stroke. 4. A ball in ihe enclosure (between the road and dyke holes) called the station- master s garden, shall be a lost ball. 5. If a ball lie within two yards of a fixed seat, it may be lifted and dropped two yards to the side of the seat farthest from the hole. 82 LOCAL RULES. 6. Any dispute respecting the play shall be determined by the Green Committee. 7. Competitions for the Spring and Autumn Medals of the Club (with the exception of the George Glenn ie Medal) shall be decided by playing one round of the links, and the competitors doing it in fewest strokes shall be the winner. 8. The order of starting for the Spring and Autumn Medals will be balloted for on the previous evening, and intending competitors must give in their names to the Secretary not later than five o'clock on the previous evening. Any competitor not at the teeing ground when his number is called shall be disqualified, unless it be proved to the satisfaction of the Green Committee, or Secretary, that he has a valid excuse, such as serious temporary illness, a train late, or such like, in which case he may be allowed to compete, and, if allowed, shall be placed at the bottom of the list. The absent competitor's partner may start in his proper turn, provided he get another player to play wiih him. 9. Competitors for medals or prizes are not allowed to delay starting on account of bad weather, but must strike off immediately after the preceding party has crossed the burn, and, after they have started, are not allowed to take shelter, but must complete their round in the order ABERDEEN (BALGOWNIE) LINKS. 83 of their start. In cases of stoppage by accident or severe temporary illness, the Green Committee may allow a competitor to resume play. 10. All private matches must be de- layed till the last medal competitors have holed out at the first hole. Aberdeen (Balgownie) Links. 1. Bent or rushes shall not be considered a hazard. 2. Should a ball be played into the Green -keeper's garden, or ihe enclosure round the Club-house, or any field off the course, the player shall return as nearly as possible to the spot where the ball was played from, drop a ball, and lose distance only. 3. A ball played into the burn at the Road (seventh) hole, where the course of the burn is due north, may be lifted and dropped on the nearest grass on the west side of the burn, not nearer the hole than where it lay in the burn, and the penalty shall be one stroke. 4. A ball laying in any position in the ditches or bums mentioned below, whether in water or not, may be lifted and dropped, or, if it cannot be recovered, another ball may be dropped in terms of Rule 19 of F 2 $4 LOCAL RULES. the Rules of Golf, and the penalty shall be one stroke. The ditches and burns referred to are the following : — The ditch at the Bunker (third) hole. The burn at the Road (seventh) hole. The burn at the Long (eighth) hole. The ditch in front of the tee at the Dyke (twelfth) hole» The ditch along the dyke at the Dyke (twelfth) hole. The two ditches in the hollow at the Hill (fourteenth) hole. 5. Any dispute respecting the play shall be determined by the Council. 6. During the Spring and Autumn Meetings, competitors for the prizes shall have the priority over other players in Starting from the first tee. 7. Players must allow the parties in front of them to hole out before they strike oft, for the Bunker (third) hole, the Cross (ninth) hole, or the Pots (fifteenth) hole. 8. Members competing tor the Gold Medal at the Autumn Meeting, and for the Leopold Cup at the Spring Meet ing, must employ caddies. 9. When ice or snow lies on the putting greens, parties are recommended to make their own arrangements as to its removal or not before commencing their match. 10. Parties having caddies may pass those carrying their own clubs. BLACKHEATH LINKS. 85 Blackheath Links. 1. Three rounds of the Links are reckoned a match unless otherwise stipulated. 2. If a ball lie within two yards of a fixed seat, it may be lifted and dropped two yards to the side of the seat farthest from the hole. 3. If a ball lie in a hole made for the purpose of, or in connection with any other game, sport, or pastime, it may be lifted and dropped not more than a club's length from where it lay, but not nearer the golf hole, being played for without a penalty. 4. Should a ball be played into Whit- field's Mount, or any private enclosure, the Player must return to the spot as near as possible whence the ball was struck, tee a ball and lose a stroke. 5. When a ball lies within a club's length of implements used for any game, which cannot be removed, or within six inches of objectional matter, or on ground under repair (excepting roads), the ball may be lifted and dropped behind them or it without a penalty, but, if in a hazard the ball must be dropped in the hazard. 6. The Special Rules for Medal Play shall apply to all Club Competitions by scores. 7. On Medal or Cup Days no competitor shall start from the Club HoubC earlier than 86 LOCAL RULES. 9 o'clock a.m. or later than 2 o'clock p.m., and no three ball play shall be allowed on those days. 8. Competitors for medals or cups hav- ing once started are not allowed to take shelter or leave the course, but must com- plete their rounds in the order of thtir start, subject to such charge in their place on the green as may be caused by other competitors coming from the Club House and starting in front of them in the second or third round, or from their passing, or being passed by, other competitors in the event of a lost ball. 9. Golfers must wait for people and conveyances to pass out of their way before playing. It is not sufficient to cull "Fore." It is earnestly desired that this rule may be strictly observed by all players. 10. Members shall always wear their red coats" when golfing. 11. The Captain, Hon. Sec, or Com- mittee shall decide all disputes, such decision to be final. Carnoustie Links. If a ball lie in any position in the Barry Burn or a ditch, whether in water or not, the player may drop it, or (if it cannot be recovered) another ball may be dropped FELIXSTOWE LINKS. 87 on the line where it entered the burn or ditch, on the opposite side to the hole to that to which he is playing, under the penalty of one stroke. In cases where it is impossible, or impracticable, to drop the ball on the opposite side (of burn or ditch) to the hole, the ball must be dropped within one club's-length of burn or ditch. Note.—" Ditch " refers to (i) the ditch running through the course and into the Barry Bum near battery, and (2) the ditch between the railway fence and putting green at ninth hole ; (3) ditch on south side of dyke between eighth and ninth, and ninth and tenth holes. A ball in the new plantation to the west of the course, or on the railway, shall be a lost ball, but in medal play a ball in the plantation must be lifted and dropped within two club's-lengths of the fence next to the hole, under the penalty of one stroke. Felixstowe Links. A ball must not be played out of the undermentioned hazards, but must be lifted under penalty : — I. Ball driven on to the tower— penalty, drop a ball where played from, with loss of a stroke and the distance. 88 LOCAL RULES. 2. Ball driven into the Zareba— penalty lift and dropped behind the hazard, with loss of one stroke. 3. Ball driven into the field — penalty, drop another ball where played from, with loss of a stroke and the distance. 4. Ball driven into enclosure holes IV. and V. — penalty, drop so that the ball shall not lie nearer the hole than the spot from which it was lifted, with loss of a stroke. 5. At the Easter, Whitsuntide and Summer Meetings no Competitor will be allowed to start after 2.30 p.m. 6. Visitors desiring to play on the links are not eligible for that purpose unless they are members of a recognised Golf Club. 7. During the Easter, Whitsuntide, First and Second Summer Meetings, no visitor can play before 2. 30 p. m. Gullane Links. Planks across ditches may be removed, but poles to show the line of the hole must be treated as hazards. A molehill is considered a loose impedi- ment, and may be removed provided the ball does not touch it in any way, in which case it must remain. HOYLAKE LINKS. 89 If a ball should happen to lie in a rabbit hole, or scrape, or other place where it is unplayable, the Player may lift it out, drop it and play from behind the hazard, loseing a stroke. Should the Player's opponent challenge an unplayable ball, the opponent shall be allowed to have one stroke at the ball as it lies ; and should he succeed in moving it more than a club length from the place in wJiich it lay, the ball shall be considered playable, and the player loses the hole ; should he fail in doing so, the ball shall be treated as in paragraph 36. Hoy lake Links. 1. If a ball be played into any of the fields, gardens, roads, or plantations, not forming part of the golfing course or throiigh or over any rails or fencing bound- ing the golfing course, the player shall drop a ball, at the spot from which the first was struck, without any penalty save th2 loss of the distance. In playing a ball that may lie close up to any rails or fencing aforesaid, no player is allowed to reach over the rails or fencing to play the ball from the far side. 2. If a ball lodge in a hedge or fence bounding the golfing course, it must be taken out and dropped a club length from 90 LOCAL RULES. where it lay, the player standing facing the hedge or fence, the penalty being the loss of a stroke. If a ditch be alongside the hedge or fence, the ball may be dropped a club length from it, or if the hedge, fence, or ditch be fringed with rushes, then a club length from the latter. No ball lifted under any such circumstances shall be dropped nearer the hole than the spot from which it was lifted. 3. If a ball lodge in a rabbit -hole or scrape, the player subject to the loss of a stroke may take it out and drop it behind the hazard. Should, however, the rabbit- hole or scrape be in a sand bunker or ditch, the ball must be dropped in the hazard. 4. If, when a ball lies in a hazard (see Rule 14), the player in addressing it, touches the ground, grass, rushes, cop, bank, or fence, he incurs no penalty, provided" he in no way improves the lie of the ball, but should the ball lie in sand he shall not touch the sand before he strike at the ball. 5. A ball in a rabbit scrape on the putting green may be lifted and repla<.ed by hand not more than a club length behind without any penalty. 6. When no penalty for the infringe- ment of a rule is especially mentioned, the loss of the hole in match play, and LITTLESTONE LINKS. 9I disqualification in medal play shall be understood to be the penalty. 7. A ball in a whin must be treated as a ball lost in water. Littlestone Links. 1. A ball lying on the banks of Nashe's Run or the Canal may be treated as if it were in water {vide Rule 21). 2. If a ball be played out of bounds at the 8th, 9th, or i8th holes, or be resting against the fencing, it must be lifted (under a penalty of one stroke) and dropped so as to lie within a club's length of the fence, and not nearer the hole than where it crossed or touched the boundary. 3. If a ball lodge in a rabbit-hole or scrape, the player may (under a penalty of one stroke) take it out and drop it behind such hole or scrape (should the rabbit-hole be in a bunker or otiier hazard, the ball must be dropped in the hazard so as to lie therein). 4. A ball, lying under the steps in any bunker may be lifted (under a penalty of one stroke) and dropped behind, so as to rest within a club's length of such steps. 5. A ball in a rabbit-scrape on a putting green (see Rule 30) may be lifted and replaced by hand not more than a club's length behind the scrape without any penalty. 92 LOCAL RULES. Luffness Links. If a ball lie in a rabbit hole or scrape it may be lifted and dropped behind, losing a stroke. Should the hole or scrape be within a bunker, the ball must be dropped in the bunker. When ice or snow lies on the putting greens, parties are recommended to make their own arrangements as to its removal or not, before commencing their match. Muirfield Links. 1. If a ball is played over the wall bounding the golf course, another ball shall be dropped as nearly as possible at the place from which that ball was struck, subject to the loss of the distance. Balls driven into any plantation are irrecoverable. 2. A ball lying in a rabbit scrape can be lifted and dropped behind the scrape, under the penalty of one stroke ; but if the rabbit scrape be in a bunker, the ball must be dropped in the bunker. North Berwick Links. I. If the ball lie in water in the ditch between the second and third holes, or in the Eel I turn, the player may take it out, change it if he likes, and, standing on the opposite side to the hole to which he is NORTH BERWICK LINKS. 93 playing, drop it behind him from his head on the line where it entered the ditch or burn, under the penalty of one stroke. Should the ball not lie in water, it must be played where it lies. 2. Should a ball be driven into the sea, it must, if recoverable, be dropped on the beach within two club lengths of the water, under the penalty of one stroke. A ball, if it cannot be recovered, must be treated as a lost ball. 3. Should a ball be driven into any of the gardens on the south side of the links, into the Ladies' Links, Carlkemp Plantation, or over any boundary, fence, or wall bounding the Links, another ball must must be dropped as nearly as possible on the spot from where the first one was struck, losing the distance only. 4. On all occasions a molehill may be removed ; and when a ball lies on, or touching a molehill the player may lift and drop. No penalty. 5 . When a ball lies near a washing- tub, or implements used in the up-keep of the links, they may be removed, and when no clothes or nets, the ball may be lifted and dropped behind them, or the nets removed to where the ball is lying ; balls touching the poles or teeing-boxes may be lifted to within a club length, the distance to the hole not to be lessened thereby ; no penalty. 94 LOCAL RULES. The wooden bridges and gates are fixtuxes, and not to be moved ; players must take the gates as they find them. 6. When ice or snow lies on the putting greens, parties are recommended to make their own arrangements as to its removal or not before commencing their match. 7. When a ball lies in a rabbit-scrape or rabbit-hole, on the putting-green, it may be lifted and dropped ; no penalty. Prestwick Links. 1. When playing past Golf Park House, should a ball lie within the railings, it shall be a lost ball ; but when played upon the railway it may be taken back and dropped within two club-lengths of the point where it leaves the Green, with the loss of a stroke. 2. Should a ball be played into one of the boxes placed on the teeing greens for holding sand, it may be taken out and dropped on either side of the box, but not nearer the hole. Should a box prevent in any way a player playing to the hole, he can have it removed. 3. In playing to the wall hole, either going out or coming home, should the ball lie near or close to the iron wicket gates, they shall be considered part of the wall, and must not be moved in any way PRESTWICK LINKS. 95 whatever to admit of the ball being played more easily. 4. In going to the third and fourth holes, the burn is to be considered the boundary, and any ball going over is to be taken back and dropped ; the player losing a stroke. The same applies to the Monkton Miln Burn. 5. Should a ball, during play, lie upon any Putting Green, it must be lifted and placed lightly on the ground, on either side of the Green, but not nearer the hole, and without a penalty. If a ball lie upon the Sea- Head rig Medal Green, when playing to the Lower Green, it must be played with a wcoden putter or lifted and placed as above. 6. Bent or rushes shall not be considered a hazard. 7. If the ball lie in any position in the Pow Burn, whether in water or not, the player may take it out, drop it on the line where it entered the burn, and lose a stroke, or he may play it where it lies without a penalty. 8. When ice or snow lies on the Putting Green, parties are recommended to make their own arrangements as to its removal or not, before commencing their match. 9. .In a hazard the club shall not be grounded ; but the act of touching any- thing of the nature of grass or whins is 96 LOCAL RULES. excluded frf)m the operation of Rule 14, and entails no penalty. 10. Any dispute regarding the play shall be determined by the Committee, or, failing a quorum being present, by the Secretary. St. George's Golf Links. 1. If a ball lodge in any water, whether the water be in a hazard or not, or in any hazard of which water is a recognised part, the player may either play it where it lies or (losing a stroke) drop a ball behind the hazard. In dropping a ball, under this Rule, the player is to keep the spot where the ball entered the hazard, in a line between himself and the hole. The above Rule is intended to apply to all casual water, as well as the recognised water hazards of the course. To give the player the right to drop a ball behind a recognised water hazard, it is not necessary that the ball should be in the water. 2. The areas of uncut grass on the links and fields out of bounds shall be con- sidered part of the ordinary green of the course, except that when a ball is com- pletely covered with fog, bent, &c., only so much thereof shall be set aside as that ST. George's links. 97 the player shall have a view of his ball before he plays, whether in a line with the hole or otherwise. 3. In a hazard the club shall not be grounded, but the act of touching lightly anything of the nature of grass is excluded from the operation of Rule 14, and entails no penalty. 4. If a ball be driven into the garden beyond the fourth Putting Green, the penalty is the loss of a stroke and the distance. 5. All the ground within the area of the Sandhills known as the "Maiden" bunker is to be treated as a hazard. 6. The ground immediately beyond the eighth Putting Green is to be considered part of the course. Note to Rule 8 of Medal Play. 7. The player may tee immediately behind the difficulty, and if it occur in a hazard, he may tee either in or behind such hazard, always provided that he keeps the difficulty between himself and the hole. 98 SUPPLEMENTARf LOCAL RULES. SUPPLEMENTARY LOCAL BYE-LAWS. The following Rules are observed in many Clubs, the Local Rules of which are not given above. 1. No stroke other than a putt should be played on a putting-green. When a ball lies on any part of the course used as a putting-green other than the putting-green to which the parties are playing, it should be lifted and dropped (not nearer to the hole to which the parties are playing) on a part of the course which is never used as a putting-green. 2. No one should retard play by un- necessarily recording his strokes. When a player wishes to keep his score of strokes apart from match play he and his opponent should allow parties playing an ordinary match play game to pass. APPENDIX C. THE OPEN GOLF CHAMPIONSHIP. HISTORY. The Open Golf Championship was instituted by the Prestwick Club in i860, and down to, and including 1870, was played over the links of that Club. Besides money prizes there was as a Challenge Trophy, the Champion Belt, to be held by the winner for a year and to become the absolute property of any one winning it for three years in succession. Tom Morris, jun., of St. Andrews, achieved this feat in 1870. There was in conse- quence no competition in 187 1, but in the following year a new trophy, the Champion Cup, was substituted, and the event appointed to take place in successive years over the links of the Prestwick, Royal and Ancient, and Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers' Clubs. Previous to 1892 the competition was over 36 holes, and decided in one day, but in that year it G 2 100 OPEN CHAMPTONSHIP. was extended to 72 holes and two days' play. In 1893 there was anew departure, and at a meeting of the representatives of the three above-named clubs, it was resolved that the competition should be extended to England, and that the links of the Royal Liverpool and St. George's Clubs should be included as places of competition in turn with those of the three Scottish Clubs. The following is the effect of the Minute which now regulates the competition : — CONDITIONS. 1st. — The Competition to take place annually in succession on the greens of the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, the Prestwick Golf Club, the Royal Liver- pool Golf Club, and the St. George's Golf Club. The. rotation was fixed as follows ; — 1893, at Prestwick. 1894, at Sandwich. 1895, at St. Andrews. 1896, at Muirfield. 1897, a^t Hoylake. The competition (which is decided by strokes under the Rules of Medal Play) to extend over two days, and consist of four rounds of 18 holes each (two rounds each day) ; in all 72 holes. CONDITIONS. lOl 2nd. — Entrance Money and Prizes. Each competitor to pay Ten Shillings of Entrance Money, which shall be used as part of the Prize Fund, to which each of the associated Clubs shall contribute ;C^5 annually. The Prizes shall amount to ;^ioo annually, and, subject to any altera- tion necessitated by ties, will be divided as follows : — First : ;!^40 to the winner of the Cham- pionship, of which ;^io shall be expended on a Gold Medal, and £^o given in money to a Professional, or in plate to an Amateur Golfer ; the winner to have the custody of the Championship Cup, but he must, if required, give security for its safe keeping. Second, ;!^2G ; Third, ;i^io ; Fourth, £7 ; Fifth, £5 ; Sixth, £4 ; Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, £^ each ; Tenth and Eleventh, £2 each ; Twelfth, £1. The prizes from the Second to the Twelfth are for Professionals only, and will be given in money. 3rd. — The General Arrangements in each year including the date of the competition are left to the Club on whose green it falls to be held. I02 APPENDIX D. THE AMATEUR GOLF CHAMPIONSHIP. HISTORY. The Amateur Golf Championship Tour- nament was on the initiation of the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, instituted in 1886. For the purposes of carrying on the Tourna- ment the following Clubs are associated, and are entitled to send delegates to a Meeting held once a year at the time and place of holding the Tournament. The Royal and Ancient, The Royal Liverpool, The Royal Wimbledon, The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, The Royal Blackheath, Dalhousie, The Royal North Devon, The Edinburgh Burgess, Troon, Bruntsfield Links, West Lancashire, New Club of North Berwick, The Royal Albert of Montrose, Lufifness, Tan tallon, Aberdeen, King James VL, Alnmouth, Gullane, Innerleven, Formly, Panmure, St. George's, CONDITIONS. 103 The Tournament is held annually, and the venue is fixed by the Meeting of Dele- gates from time to time. It has been played at St, Andrews', Prestwick, Hoylake and Sandwich, and Muirfield is also on the rota. CONDITIONS. The Amateur Golf Championship Tournament is open to all Amateur Golfeis, Members of any Golf Club. 1. An Amateur Golfer is a Golfer who has never made fo-r sale golf clubs, balls, or any other article connected with the game ; who has never carried clubs for hire after attaining the age of 15 years, and who has not carried clubs for h re at any time within six years of the date on which the competition begins ; who has never received any consideration for play- ing in a match, or for giving lessons in the game ; and who for a period of five years prior to 1st September, 188 5, has never received a money prize in any open com- petition. 2. Competitors shall enter for the com- petition through the Secretaries of their respective Clubs, who, in sending in the names, shall be held to certify tnat the players are bond fide Amateur Golfers in terms of the foregoing definition. I04 AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP. 3. The Entrance Fee shall be One Guinea, and ?HUst be received by the Secretary of the club^ on whose links the tournament is held, not later than p. m. on day, of 4. The competition shall be played by holes, in accordance with the Rules of [the club on whose links the tournament is held]. 5. The draw shall take place on the day of , and shall be conducted as follows : — Depending on the number of entries, such number of byes shall be first drawn, as shall, after the completion of the first round, leave 4, 8, 16, 32. or 64 players, and one draw shall decide the order of play throughout the competition, those who have drawn byes being placed at the head of the list of winners of the first round, and taking their place in the second round in" the order in which their names then stand. 6. Each game shall consist of one round of 18 holes, except the final heat, which shall consist of a match of 36 holes. The final heat shall be played on a separate day. Note. — The above conditions as to final heat were passed at a Meeting of Delegates, held at St. Andrew's, in March, 1895. 7. In the event of a tie in any round, competitors shall continue to play on until CONDITIONS. 105 one or other shall have gained a hole, when the match shall be considered won. 8. The winner of the competition shall be the Champion Amateur Golfer for the year, and the Trophy shall be held for that year by the Club from which the winner shall have entered. The winner shall receive a gold medal, the second a silver medal, and the third and fourth bronze medals, and shall save their stakes. 9. All entries shall be subject to the approval of the Committee of the Club on whose links the tournament is held. 10. All disputes shall be settled by the Committee of the Club on whose links the ournament is held, whose decision shall be final. 11. The balance of the entry-money, after paying all expenses connected with the competition, shall be expended in providing prizes for the four winners. io6 APPENDIX E. MATCH PLAY TOURNAMENTS. Method of Drawing*. Match Play Tournaments are much the most interesting form of competition in which a number of players can take part, and .'■pecimen rules and forms are appended. The entry must close at a fixed time, and thereafter, the order of play is settled by a form of ballot called a draw. The draw takes place as follows : — The names of the competitors who have entered are written down on a list with a number attached to each name. C orresponding numbers are written on separate slips of paper, which are folded up, placed in a box, shaken up, and then drawn out one by one. The names corresponding to the number upon the slip of paper drawn, are written down in the order in which the slips are drawn. If the number of entries is a power of two, z.^., 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or so on, the draw will be regular, and the competitor first drawn will in the first heat play the competitor drawn second, the thn-d will play the fourth, and so on. If the number of en ries is not a power of two, then there will be a certain number DRAWING. 107 of byes drawn, that is to say, a certain number of players will not be required to play , a match in the first heat. The number of byes necessary is always the difference between the number of entries and the power of two next above such number ; for instance, 14 entries give 2 byes, 27 give 5, 47 give 17, and so on. This makes the draw regular after the first heat, and works out to the final heat with- out any more byes. Take the instances given : in the first, there will be 6 matches and 2 byes in the first heat, leaving in the second heat 8 players, i.e., 4 matches, in the third heat 2 matches, and then the match for the final ; in the second instance, there will be 5 byes and 1 1 matches in the first heat, leaving in the second heat 16 players, i.e., 8 matches, in the third heat 4 matches, in the fourth 2 matches, anr* then the match for the final ; in the third instance, there will be 17 byes and 15 matches in the first heat, then in the next rounds 16, 8, 4, 2, I matches respectively. The Competitors first drawn get the byes,, and the others play each other in the order of the draw. There is only one draw, and it decides the order of play throughout the tournament. The winners of the first two matches in the first heat play each other in the second heat, and the winners of the next two matches in the first heat, p'.ay I08 MATCH PLAY TOURNAMENTS. against each other in the second heat, and so on through the list. Those who have drawn byes are placed at the head of the list of players in the second heat, and play in the order of the draw. A draw is some- times made more elaborate by writing the names as well as the numbers on separate slips of paper. The numbers and the naires are then placed in separate receptacles and drawn alternately. The plan above described is simpler, and has been found to answer well. 109 Form of a Draw showing 14 entries. J < z g 1 fe •?jb;s s « JO axnijL ' «• o. £ x> T3 o H ^ . w •5jb;s ^2 JO suiix < _^ 1 c ' ' ^ I rt d K T3 t) 8 ^ ^ w •IJBJS ^^ S H m 2 fe JO 3UIIX ^2 CU M H 1 -^ " * / — * — N f — " — . ! / — " — > 1 •dopuH 1 1 "^ ^ 1 ^ "^ ^ N 1 6 pq H W m d M ^ ^ ^ < W d >— > w . l/l (D (N H O^oo 00 t^ t^ t~^ in ro H ONOO 00 tx t^vo t^ ^ N M ON ONOO tx tvvo vo vo 10 in vo ro H o\oo tx t^vo vo in IT) ir, ^ -i- -f vo N 000 t^MD lnu^lo- 01 Ol 1 VO CO if si ^ ^ So S hfl • — — ■ — .2 2 c N 1 lO . « 2rt 1 1 3^ 1" S3 s 1 J 1 1 ^1 II II ENGAGEMENTS AND NOTES. ENGAGEMENTS AND NOTES. ENGAGEMENTS AND NOTES. ENGAGEMENTS AND NOTES. THE USE OF LIFE The Right Hon. Sir JOHN LUBBOCK, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D. Cloth J gilt top. i2mo. $1.25. CONTENTS. Chapter I. The Great Question. Chapter II. Tact. Chapter III. On Money Matters. Chapter IV. Recreation. Chapter V. Health. Chapter VI. National Education. Chapter VII. Self -education. Chapter VIII. On Libraries. Chapter IX. On Reading. Chapter Chapter X. Patriotism. Chapter XI. Citizenship. Chapter XII. Social Life. Chapter XIII. Industry. Chapter XIV. Faith. Chapter XV. Hope. Chapter XVI. Charity. Chapter XVII. Character. Chapter XVIII. On Peace and Happiness. XIX. Religion. MACMILLAN & CO., 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. BV THE SAME AUTHOR. THE BEAUTIES OF NATURE AND THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD. WE LIVE IM. Cloth, gilt top. i2mo. $1.50. " We know of none other better fitted to present * the beauties of nature and the wonders of the world we live in,' to the popular understanding and appreciation than Sir John Lubbock, who is at once a master of his chosen topic and of a diction unsurpassed for clearness and simplicity of statement. It is a volume which the read- ing public will recognize and hail immediately as among the most delightfully instructive of the year's produc- tion in books. There is matter in it for the young and mature mind. . . . One cannot rise from the perusal of this volume, without a consciousness of a mind in- vigorated and permanently enriched by an acquaintance with it." — Oswego Daily Tunes. " It is a charming book. . . . Few writers succeed in making natural history, and indeed scientific subjects, more than interesting. In the hands of most authors they are intolerably dull to the general reader and especially to children. Sir John Lubbock makes his theme as entrancing as a novel. . . . The book is magnificently illustrated, and discusses the wonders of the animal, mineral, and vegetable kingdoms, the mar- vels of earth, sea, and the vaulted heavens. In the compass of its pages an immense amount of knowledge which all should know is given in a manner that will compel the child who commences it to piirsue it to the end. It is a work which cannot be too highly recom- inended to parents who have at heart the proper educa- tion of their children." — The A retia. MACMILLAN & CO., 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. 2 BV THE SAME AUTHOR. ON BRITISH WILD FLOWERS. With Illustrations. Cloth. i2mo. $1.25. " All lovers of Nature must feel grateful to Sir John Lubbock for his learned and suggestive little book, which cannot fail to draw attention to a field of study- so new and fascinating." — PaZ! Mall Gazette. FLOWERS, FRUITS, AND LEAVES. With Illustrations. Cloth. i2mo. $1.25. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES. With Illustrations. Cloth. 8vo. $2.50. Contents: On Flowers and Insects. — On Plants and Insects. — On the Habits of Ants. — Introduction to the Study of Prehistoric Archaeology, etc. " We can heartily commend this volume, as a whole, to every one who wishes to obtain a condensed account of its subjects, set forth in the most simple, easy, and lively manner." — Athen(zum. THE ORIGIN AND METAMOR= PHOSES OF INSECTS. With Illustrations. Cloth. i2mo. $1.00. POLITICAL AND EDUCATIONAL ADDRESSES. Cloth. 8vo. $2.50. " Will repay the careful attention of readers who desire to be acquainted with the best thoughts of a practical and sagacious mind on the most important topics of public and national interest." — Daily News. FIFTY YEARS OF SCIENCE. Cloth. i6mo. 75 cents. MACMILLAN & CO., 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. 3