\s/AR 
 HISTORY 
 
 ^*Oc>t 
 
 Tide\Vater 
 Companies 
 
Tide 
 Water 
 Tbpics 
 
 JULY'AUG-1920 
 V0b2 # NO 7 
 
fVe cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot 
 
 hallow this ground. The brave men living and dead 
 
 who struggled here have consecrated it Jar above our 
 
 power to add or detract. The world will little note 
 
 nor long remember what we soy here, but it can 
 
 never forget what they did here.'''' 
 
 -^ 
 
 Abraham Lincoln 
 
 ^-^.18/920 
 
WAR HISTORY 
 
 TIDE WATER 
 COMPANIES 
 
 Told by Those Who 
 
 Served Their Country 
 
 and Tide Water 
 
 Published by 
 
 Tide Water Oil Company 
 
 li' BROADWAY :: NEW YORK 
 
 FRANCES M. BUENTE, Cdiur 
 
6 
 
 Q 
 
 
 CoPYKKiHT 1920 
 
 Tide Water Oil Company 
 New York 
 
 'C!.Ao76106 
 
 7t^ /. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 ^ 
 
 Foreword ......... 7 
 
 Mobilization ok the Petroleum Industrn ... 9 
 
 Europe in 1914 to 1917 . . . . . . 12 
 
 Activities of the Tide Water Companies . . .11- 
 
 Tide Water Sales Department— T. J. Skidnwie 14 
 
 The Paraffin and Lubricating Department — O. V. Kt-enei/ 1.5 
 Tide Water Oil Sales Corporation—//. J. Guthrie . 16 
 Cooperage Department — A'. //. Shelley . . .17 
 
 Pipe Line — A. IV. Golden . . . . .17 
 
 Thrift Departments of the Pipe Line — C. W. Biirtis . 18 
 The Refinery's Activities — J. B. Edxcards . 18 
 
 Liberty Loans and War Savings Stamps . .19 
 
 After the United States Entered the Conflict . '20 
 
 The Battle of Chateau-Thierry . . . '2.5 
 
 Chateau-Thierry, Poem — G. V . WilUams . . . "29 
 
 The St. Mihiel Sector 31 
 
 The Argonne ....... 34 
 
 The Last Battle 3.5 
 
 The Armistice . . . . . . .37 
 
 More of Our Boys' Experiences . .39 
 
 Filter Plant Historian Champions His Bovs — Dan Sxccenei/ 40 
 A Sailor's Prayer ....... 4(5 
 
 Reward of Faithful Service — M. B. Si nil . . .47 
 
 Passed by the Censor — Violette liey . . .48 
 
 The Red Cross ........ .50 
 
 The American Red Cross Was a Mother to Him— A". //. Stilrin .5 1 
 The Camouflage Corps — 0. C. Gohde.s . . . . ,52 
 
 The Right Man for the Right Job . . . . .53 
 
 The Nut Test"" — George R. Denton .... .5.5 
 
 Honor Roll ........ .57 
 
YJf^ITH the generous help and advice of 
 ' r many Tide Water friends this history 
 has been compiled, and to them we wish here 
 to express our appreciation. 
 
 Tide Water is proud of every man and 
 woman who has done his or her share in 
 serving our country — rvhat they have done is 
 not forgotten. To them this book is dedicated. 
 
 —The Editor. 
 
'HIS BOOK is not intended as a glori- 
 fication of war or of Tide Water's part in 
 the war. It is rather a tribute to the men 
 and women of all the Tide Water Com- 
 panies who served directly or indirectly. What 
 Tide Water as an organization did for the country 
 was made possible by the devotion of the individuals. 
 With faithful industry the company supplied the 
 fuel so necessary for the prosecution of the war. 
 
 As individuals many Tide Water men and women 
 gave more direct service. Tide Water was repre- 
 sented in nearly every branch of service — military 
 and non-military. We will long remember with 
 pride the record of our men who entered the army 
 and navy. Those men who were over age rendered 
 valuable service in other ways. Our women worked 
 hard in the tasks allotted them. 
 
 These pages cannot cover the experiences of all, 
 interesting though they may be. We only hope to 
 give a general idea of the activities of our several 
 companies and employes and to record Tide Water's 
 appreciation of their part in bringing the war to a 
 successful termination. 
 
o 
 
 CC 
 
 
MOBILIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 
 
 Mobilization of the Petroleum Industry 
 
 R. D. Benson 
 
 HEN the suggestion was made 
 to me that we print a war 
 history of the Tide Water, it 
 tJ) appealed to me as eminently 
 fitting, for we have indeed a 
 war history — one of which we 
 are proud. Our history is nothing spec- 
 tacular, for we did nothing sensational 
 either as a company or as individuals, but 
 we all did what we could, and we gave 
 freely of our time, thought and strength, 
 and some of our boys gave their lives in 
 the battle for the right. 
 
 Much of this little history consists of 
 the boys' own stories, telling of the points 
 at which they touched the war. I have 
 been asked to paint the background, so to 
 speak, to sketch briefly what the Petro- 
 leum Industry did in the war, more espe- 
 cially as involving our own Company, and 
 this is so well known that only an outline 
 is needed. 
 
 Prior to the entry of the L^nited States 
 into the World War there was no regula- 
 tion of industry; every manufacturer was 
 privileged to sell to whom he would, at 
 the best prices obtainable. In the petro- 
 leum industry export trade was very 
 largo ; the demand from the Allies for 
 gasoline and fuel oil was great, and those 
 manufacturers located on the seaboard 
 had all the foreign business they could 
 handle. One of the first things done by 
 Congress after our entry into the war was 
 the passage of the Lever Bill, under Avhich 
 the control of the large industries essen- 
 tial to war work was placed in the hands 
 of the President ; and the petroleum in- 
 dustrv was allocated to the Fuel Admin- 
 
 istration and placed in charge of the Hon. 
 Mark L. Requa as Director-General. 
 
 In the summer of 1917, under the chair- 
 manship of Mr. A. C. Bedford, the Na- 
 tional Petroleum War Service Committee 
 was organized by the petroleum industry 
 itself, to work with Mr. Requa in handling 
 all problems arising out of supplying the 
 needs of our Government and our Allies 
 for the petroleum products so essential to 
 carrying on the war. This committee con- 
 sisted of thirty-two members, made up of 
 executives of the large refining and produc- 
 ing companies. The independent oil job- 
 bers, oil well supply people and the natural 
 gas companies were also represented on the 
 committee, thus covering the entire field. 
 Regular meetings were held every week 
 and sometimes several times a week, in 
 Mr. Bedford's office at 20 Broadway, and 
 in no other way could as much have pos- 
 sibly been accomplished toward governing 
 the whole petroleum industry and making 
 it work as a unit in furnishing supplies so 
 greatly needed. Mr. Requa met with the 
 Committee frequently, but he never di- 
 rected what it should do — the industry 
 governed itself and worked out its prob- 
 lems so satisfactorily that a member of 
 the British Cabinet said, "The Allies 
 floated to victory on a sea of oil which 
 was largely furnished by American in- 
 terests." After the signing of the armis- 
 tice, the French Government bestowed 
 on Mr. Bedford the order of the Chevalier 
 of the Legion d'Honneur, in recognition 
 not only of his services but of the services 
 of the whole National Petroleum War Ser- 
 vice Committee under his direction. 
 
10 
 
 TIDE \'SATER TOPICS 
 
 The Committee was divided into sixteen 
 sub-committees, each deahng with a dif- 
 ferent branch of the business. A member 
 of the Committee served as chairman of 
 each sub-committee, and the rest of the 
 members of these sub-committees were 
 largely those conversant with the business 
 who were not on the general Committee. 
 I myself served as Chairman of the Ad- 
 visory Committee on Pipe Lines, Atlantic 
 Division, which had to do largely with 
 the conveying of crude to the eastern coast 
 refineries. At various times special com- 
 mittees were appointed to take up new 
 problems that arose, such as the appor- 
 tionment of necessary supplies to the vari- 
 ous companies, and on occasion, negotiat- 
 ing compromise with other industries, 
 drawing on these same supplies for their 
 work. For example, I was chairman of 
 a Committee on Tin Plate, which had to 
 work out not only a maximum supply of 
 tin for our industry, but an equitable ap- 
 portionment of the tin among the various 
 companies in our industry. 
 
 One of the serious problems presented 
 for solution was that of providing a grade 
 of gasoline suitable for aviation work, and 
 this gave many anxious hours to the gen- 
 eral Committee as well as to the sub- 
 committee in charge, for General Pershing 
 at one time thought that only such gaso- 
 line as the French Government had been 
 supplying by re-distilling the gasoline 
 which they purchased in this country 
 would answer for aviation, and the 
 amounts estimated as required by the 
 Army Board were so excessive that if they 
 had been furnished as demanded, but little 
 gasoline would have remained for the very 
 necessary work of transportation of sup- 
 plies and ammunition from the railroads 
 to the armies at the front. It was learned 
 upon investigation that the Army Board's 
 
 estimates were about ten times its actual 
 requirements under most favorable con- 
 ditions, and it was further determined by 
 making careful cuts of gasoline that a 
 sufficient quantity could be secured, suit- 
 able for aviation use, without going to the 
 extreme limits set by the French. 
 
 From the date of our entry into the 
 war, extraordinary precautions were taken 
 to prevent any disablement of our Plant 
 by agents of the enemy. Practically all 
 the big industries on Constable Hook were 
 engaged in war work at that time, so they 
 joined forces and developed a miniature 
 navy of defence which patrolled the water 
 front in motor boats armed with machine 
 guns, covering the shore line from the 
 Jersey Central bridge at the end of 
 Newark Bay all the way to the Hook. 
 The boats of tliis fleet, besides being 
 armed, carried armed crews and any at- 
 tempt to damage the Works from the 
 water front would have been disastrous to 
 those who attempted it. Our Company's 
 own property is surrounded, except on 
 the water side, by a high concrete wall. 
 On this we built sentry boxes at frequent 
 intervals, in which were posted armed 
 watchmen who stood guard night and day. 
 We also had searchlights installed that 
 played along the wall in either direction 
 so that it was as light as day at all times, 
 effectually blocking any enemy work un- 
 der cover of darkness. We had as many 
 as fifty of these armed watchmen guarding 
 the refinery on the land side. It is possible 
 that our precautions were of no value, for 
 no attempt was ever discovered to do in- 
 jury to the Plant, but the Management 
 felt that it was our patriotic duty to pro- 
 tect ourselves against any interference in 
 supplying our part of the munitions of 
 war. 
 
MOBILIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 
 
 11 
 
 Similar precautions were taken all along 
 our pipe line. Searchlights were put up 
 at all pump stations, all employes were 
 armed, signs warning against trespass 
 were conspicuously displayed, and an 
 armed guard patrolled day and night at 
 the stations and bridges on our line. There 
 was one attempt to blow up a tank of 
 crude, and another to blow up one of the 
 bridges, but both were abortive. 
 
 No general war work construction was 
 undertaken by the Tide Water Oil Com- 
 pany but there was some special construc- 
 tion work done by The Tide-Water Pipe 
 Company, Limited, in the way of looping 
 its lines and doubling the pumping capacity 
 of the stations between Rixford and Stoy. 
 It was of the greatest importance that the 
 flow of crude from the Mid-Continent 
 fields to the seaboard refineries should be 
 uninterrupted, and to this end some of 
 the pipe line companies laid many miles 
 
 of additional line. In some instances this 
 work was paid for by funds furnished by 
 the War Service Board, but The Tide 
 Water Pipe Company did not ask any help 
 from the Government in the work wliich 
 it did. 
 
 About 800 of our young men entered 
 the service in one or another of its 
 branches, and of these, eight never re- 
 turned. 
 
 In memory of these boys, their friends 
 and associates are erecting a monument 
 in the yard of the Tide Water Refinery 
 at Bayonne. It has been designed by 
 Carrere and Hastings and will be in the 
 form of a rectangular oblong about eight 
 feet high and three feet wide. It is of 
 pink Milford granite, standing on a base 
 of the same stone, and it will form an aisle 
 of safety in the driveway entering the 
 Refinery. The inscription on the bronze 
 tablet will read: 
 
 "In Memory of Our Tide Water Boys 
 Who Gave Their Lives in the Service of 
 Their Country. 1917-1918." 
 
 Harold T, Andrews 
 WiLLARD H. Ball, Jr. 
 Robert Granger Benson 
 Walter A. Branscombe 
 James I. Cuff 
 William L. Herbert 
 Martin Joyce 
 Joseph P. Wade 
 
 "Erected by Their Friends and Asso- 
 ciates of the Tide Water Oil Company, 
 1920." 
 
12 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 Europe in 1914 to 1917 
 
 FEW of us gave more than passing 
 note to the report in the newspapers 
 of the murder of Archduke Francis Fer- 
 dinand of Austria in Bosnia on June 29, 
 1914. It was only another evidence of 
 the jealousies and quarrels of the Balkans. 
 But this incident brought to a head the 
 struggle between the Slav and the Teuton. 
 Bosnia was once a province of Serbia and 
 had recently been annexed to Austria- 
 Hungary. Austria-Hungary sent an ulti- 
 matum to Serbia which demanded the sup- 
 pression of anti-Austrian propaganda. At 
 this Teuton demand, Russia, a Slavic na- 
 tion, pricked up her ears. Four weeks 
 later Austria declared war on Serbia and 
 Russia mobilized. Germany who had been 
 standing poised, with her eye on Russia, 
 demanded in an ultimatum that she cease 
 her mobilization. Russia refused and on 
 August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on 
 Russia. 
 
 Events followed fast. The quarrel that 
 started in the Balkans between the Slav 
 and the Teuton was caught up by other 
 nations, fed by sixty declarations of war 
 and twenty-two severances of diplomatic 
 relations. It spread over the entire world. 
 It involved every nation of any prowess. 
 It was fought on every continent in the 
 world. It unloosed the hatreds smoulder- 
 ing for years among nations. It grew into 
 a world war. 
 
 England, who had tried to stop Ger- 
 many and Russia from entering the con- 
 flict, asked Germany and France how they 
 would regard the treaty of 1839, which 
 preserved the inviolability of Belgium. 
 France said she would respect it. But Ger- 
 many mobilized and asked Belgium to give 
 her entry. On August 4, Germany in- 
 
 vaded Belgium who put up a defense for 
 her sovereignty and she drove the Belgian 
 army back upon Liege. The treaty of 
 1839 became "a scrap of paper." 
 
 Germany sent three armies to strike at 
 France; the army of the Meuse which en- 
 tered Belgium by way of Namur and Mau- 
 beuge ; the army of the Moselle which vio- 
 lated the sovereignty of the little Duchy of 
 Luxemberg; and the army of the Rhine 
 which crossed the Vosges Mountains. While 
 Belgium was putting up a heroic defense 
 at Liege, England was mustering her army 
 and landed in Calais the forces which were 
 dubbed by the Germans "England's Con- 
 temptible Army." France was gathering 
 her forces to defend her country against 
 invasion and after several efforts both 
 forces established contact and were able to 
 make a concerted effort to meet the invad- 
 ing hordes of Germans. The Germans 
 made their way across Belgium, imposing 
 the severest military terms and were mak- 
 ing their way to Paris when they were 
 stopped. They encountered the wall of de- 
 fense at the Battle of the Marne. Here, 
 in September, 1914, Generals Joffre and 
 Foch halted the German dash for Paris in 
 the first and second battles of the Marne, 
 not twenty-five miles from Paris. The 
 Germans took positions along the Aisne 
 and for two years the English, French 
 and Germans played for position across 
 France and Belgium. In the east the Rus- 
 sians advanced on Cracow and were 
 stopped by the Germans under Von HJin- 
 denburg, who struck at Warsaw. In the 
 Balkans and Asia Minor, England sent ex- 
 peditions to the Dardanelles to break the 
 line which Germany wanted to hold as far 
 as Baffdad. 
 
EUROPE IN 1914 TO 191 
 
 13 
 
 The English fleet stormed the Turkish 
 forts but with httle success. Later the 
 British met the Turks in Mesopotamia and 
 captured Bagdad, a strategic point of the 
 Triple Alliance. The English Navy also 
 engaged in the greatest sea conflict off the 
 coast of Jutland, Denmark, where the Ger- 
 man fleet Avas forced to retire from the 
 North Sea. 
 
 In the Spring of 1915 the British took 
 Neuve Chapelle after a battle fought amid 
 barbcd-Avire entanglements and the desola- 
 tion of No Man's Land. At Ypres, the 
 Canadian troops met the first poison gas 
 attack used by the Germans. The Genuans 
 were also following up the Russian retreat, 
 capturing Lublin, Warsaw, Brest-Litovsk 
 and Vilna. Early in 1916 the Germans 
 started their attacks upon Verdun. They 
 sent wave upon wave of men against the 
 the forts, but the French held against 
 them. "They Shall Not Pass," said the 
 French. In the Spring the Battle of the 
 Somme began and Avas fought through the 
 summer. On the sea Germany started her 
 relentless submarine warfare. 
 
 Feeling in this country against German 
 militarism started when German v disre- 
 
 garded the Belgium treaty and steadily in- 
 creased. It was fanned by the sinking of 
 the Lusitania and grew steadily stronger 
 with the reports of outrages and ruthless 
 warfare. Germany would not guarantee 
 the rights of neutral nations to safety of 
 life and cargo on the high seas, and in Feb- 
 ruary, 1917, the United States broke off 
 diplomatic relations with the German gov- 
 ernment. This came about only after Presi- 
 dent Wilson sent several notes to Germany 
 in an effort to bring about peace. On 
 April 6, 1917, the United States declared 
 war on Germany. 
 
 At that time, the Germans were retreat- 
 ing in France. The British took Vimy 
 Ridge. They also were occupying Bag- 
 dad. The Russians were involved in a 
 revolution and Kerensky was in charge of 
 the armies at the Front. 
 
 On the 26th of June, 1917, the first 
 American doughboys landed in France. 
 The war which had started in obscure vil- 
 lages, the names of which many of us had 
 scarcely known and often could not pro- 
 nounce, was more forcefully brought home 
 to all of us. 
 
14. 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 Activities of the Tide Water Companies 
 
 Tide Water Sales Department 
 
 T. J. Skidmore, Assistant Manager of the Bulk 
 
 Sales Department, tells how we met the demands 
 
 of the Fuel Oil Administration. 
 
 DURING the shortage of coal the Fuel 
 Administration asked the oil com- 
 panies to supply fuel oil to the govern- 
 ment and manufacturing plants. These 
 plants were rushed with government orders 
 and had to be kept going twenty-four 
 hours a day, requiring, therefore, a great 
 deal of fuel. The Fuel Administration 
 minimized shipping waste by preventinj^; 
 criss-crossing — that is, allotments for fuel 
 were made to the nearest sources of sup- 
 plies in each case. We, that is Tide 
 Water, were allotted a great deal of busi- 
 ness near at hand, and had to work night 
 and day to increase our capacity for fuel 
 oil. We took unusual methods in a great 
 many cases to meet the demand, buying 
 tank cars, bulk boats, and hiring addi- 
 tional help. 
 
 A great many battleships, torpedo boat 
 destroyers and cruisers were oil burners. 
 We had to supply fuel oil to an allotted 
 number of government boats. The gov- 
 ernment would notify us, say an hour or 
 two beforehand, that they wanted so niucli 
 oil at a certain warship at a definite time, 
 and at the appointed hour our oil would 
 be ready to bunker. To do this we were 
 forced to increase our equipment of tugs 
 and bunker boats and to use them twenty- 
 four hours a day, putting on three shifts 
 of men, as crews. We bunkered all day 
 and night and won the reputation with the 
 
 Navy of making the promptest shipments. 
 During June, 1918, a flotilla of sixty tor- 
 pedo destroyers came up the North River. 
 We were not notified until that morning 
 that they were coming in and were or- 
 dered to get every available drop of oil up 
 the river immediately and bunker as many 
 destroyers as we could. We sent a fleet 
 of seven bunker boats carrying a 
 million gallons of oil, with instructions to 
 their captains to hail each torpedo boat as 
 they went by, ask the captain if he wanted 
 any oil and if so, to supply him with all 
 he needed. This flotilla left Bayonne one 
 morning about 9 A. M. and was not heard 
 from for three days. In the meantime we 
 were very anxious to learn what they were 
 doing and whether everything was going 
 along in good order. We had the Navy 
 Department send out wireless radios to 
 their torpedo boats in the river asking for 
 information concerning the Tide Water 
 boats, but could not get word of any kind. 
 Finally the flotilla arrived back in Bayonne 
 bone dry, having delivered to the destroy- 
 ers every drop of oil they carried. This is 
 a remarkable record for efficiency. To 
 accomplish this the crews of these boats 
 had worked night and day for three days 
 with scarcely any rest. 
 
 We also supplied fuel for the ships 
 on the other side of the Atlantic as well 
 as for the British government. 
 
ACTIVITIES OF THE TIDE WATER COMPANIES 15 
 
 Tide Water furnished gasoline and kero- 
 sene in bulk quantities for ships and for 
 the use of the army automobiles and trans- 
 ports in France. Some of the warships 
 we furnished with fuel were the U. S. S. 
 Wyoming, the U. S. S. Texas, the U. S. S. 
 Ohio, and other battleships, torpedo boats, 
 torpedo boat destroyers, mine sweepers, 
 submarine chasers, transports, bulk car- 
 riers, as well as war industry manufac- 
 
 turers. We decreased our sales of refined 
 and lighter oils to increase fuel oil capa- 
 city. 
 
 Each one of us was practically at the 
 command of the government at all hours 
 of the day and night. This fact was 
 brought home to the writer very forcibly 
 when he was called for special duty one 
 morning while at church — but "c'est la 
 guerre — " 
 
 How Members of Tide Water Personnel Helped 
 
 in the Wartime Organization of the Petroleum 
 
 Industry. 
 
 IN ADDITION to Mr. R. D. Benson 
 and Mr. Frank Haskell, who were 
 members of the National Petroleum War 
 Service Committee, Mr. O. P. Keeney, and 
 Mr. B. D. Benson, served as members of 
 the Atlantic Distribution Committee, which 
 Committee was responsible for the essential 
 war industries along the Atlantic seaboard, 
 receiving necessary supplies of petroleum 
 products. The Committee was remarkably 
 successful in the performance of this task. 
 
 At the request of Mr. A. C. Woodman, 
 Director of Purchases, Lubricants and 
 Foreign Requirements of the Oil Division, 
 Mr. O. P. Keeney was called to Washing- 
 ton for one of those dollar-a-year jobs — 
 in charge of the Division of Lubricants 
 and Foreign Requirements. As our Gov- 
 ernment was financing the purchases of 
 the Allied Governments, it was desirable 
 from a financial standpoint that their pur- 
 chases be made as economically as possible 
 and from a strategic standpoint that their 
 oil requirements be furnished as promptly 
 as possible. 
 
 Among the means employed to accom- 
 plish this were the elimination of jobbers 
 
 and brokers, the securing of competitive 
 bids from a large number of refiners, in- 
 sistence upon the use of specifications in- 
 stead of brands, intervention for the re- 
 duction in prices where justifiable. 
 
 Mr. Keency's work was to see that nec- 
 essary supplies of lubricants were avail- 
 able at as low a price as possible. All 
 necessary supplies were secured as needed 
 without disturbing domestic conditions, 
 and the following savings were known to 
 have been made : 
 
 Italian $102,010.00 
 
 British 332,000.00 
 
 French 1,500.00 
 
 $435,510.00 
 
 TIDE W^ATER BULK SHIPMENTS TO ALLIED 
 
 GOVERNMENTS DURING WAR 
 
 FRENCH BRITISH 
 
 COMMISSIOX MINISTRV 
 
 Gasoline 3,225,049 gals. 7,744,296 gals. 
 
 Ref. oil 1,264,687 " 2,486,409 " 
 
 Fuel oil 7,139,763.46 
 
 The above are shipments made direct 
 and do not include shipments made by lo- 
 cal exporters who purchased from us. 
 
16 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 Tide Water Oil Sales Corporation 
 
 The following is an interziezc with H. J. Guthrie, 
 
 President and General Manager of the Sales 
 
 Corporation. 
 
 WHAT was Veedol's share in the 
 work of the war? 
 
 Briefly, we might say the services of 
 our engineers and the use of our labora- 
 tories were at the disposal of the United 
 States Government at all times. 
 
 Our engineers cooperated in developing 
 specifications for the Government lubrica- 
 tion requirements. They also did research 
 work for the Bureau of Mines, Bureau of 
 Standards, and the Quartermaster Depart- 
 ment, developing oils suitable for aviation, 
 truck, and automobile lubrication. 
 
 Our engineers worked with Dr. Herschel 
 in developing his Oxidation Oven, one of 
 which was installed at our refinery. The 
 purpose of this oven is to test oils under 
 conditions identical to the action of the 
 oil in an internal combustion engine. 
 
 We also made a special oil for torpe- 
 does, which proved very satisfactory and 
 was used by the United States Torpedo 
 Station at Newport, R. I. We worked 
 with the Government to develop an oil for 
 the extremely difficult lubrication of air- 
 planes, and as a result refined some of 
 the Liberty Aero Oil which was used by 
 the large manufacturers of Liberty Air- 
 planes. 
 
 Our Veedol Book on Lubrication of In- 
 ternal Combustion Engines was used as a 
 text book in many automobile schools giv- 
 ing instruction to soldiers and others who 
 were to enter the Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Our wholesale distributors furnished 
 Veedol to various army bases in their 
 vicinity, both in this country and abroad. 
 
 A proof that Veedol was a valuable 
 asset in the war is the following letter 
 from Engineer Lieut. Gilbert J. P. Ken- 
 drick, D. S. O., X. I. S. M. I. Mech. E., 
 R. N. Res. : May-My-O, Burma, 
 
 September, 1920. 
 Tide Water Oil Co.: 
 
 I have noticed your advertisements in the 
 Saturday Evening Post. This is my first 
 acquaintance with this magazine. 
 
 Your statements of tlie case against sedi- 
 ment and its damage to engines is borne 
 out by my experience. Veedol has been a 
 great success in my tours in the war, dur- 
 ing my campaigns in German Southwest 
 Africa and the East, and also in Europe 
 and Mesopotamia where I dealt with avia- 
 tors and armoured cars. I am at present 
 invalided back from Mesopotamia with 
 wounds for the eighth time since 191 1. 
 
 Have also noticed that P. M. Heldt, the 
 recognized authority on internal combus- 
 tion engines and author of the Gasoline 
 Automobile, substantiates your statements 
 about the importance of proper lubricating, 
 which my Indian experience bor»^ out so 
 well. Finally the Indian government and 
 later the South African government got 
 your Veedol in stock and it has been a 
 great success in the general working of the 
 following engines : aviation, armoured 
 ears, river monitors, petrol boats, motor- 
 cycles. It is also my knowledge that Brit- 
 ish Army and Navy Staff cars have used 
 your Veedol. 
 
 I feel that I must inform you that 
 Veedol has been of great service to your 
 allies in this war. 
 
 Yours faithfully, 
 
 Gilbert J. P. Kendrick. 
 
 Late of the South African Aziation Forces, 
 Armoured Cars. Royal A'ciation Petrol Boats 
 in England and Aviation in Mesopotamia and 
 of the South African Government Railway and 
 Harbors at Cape Toivn. 
 
ACTIVITIES OF THE TIDE WATER COMPANIES 
 
 17 
 
 Cooperage Department 
 
 E. H. Shelley summarizes the Work of the 
 
 Currier Lumber Corporation, the Cooperage 
 
 Department of the Oil Company, and the East 
 
 Jersey Railroad and Terminal Co. 
 
 DURING the period of the war the 
 Currier Lumber Corporation fur- 
 nished a very large quantity of oak ship 
 timber, and also supplied considerable 
 quantities of cooperage material for the 
 use of the barrel factory of the Oil Com- 
 pany at Bayonne. 
 
 This Bayonne factory manufactured 
 containers — barrels and kegs — for a great 
 variety of articles needed for the manu- 
 facture of explosives and for the sus- 
 tenance of our soldiers. These contain- 
 ers were furnished to various producers as 
 they needed them. Among the articles 
 
 thus provided for in addition to petroleum, 
 were picric acid, alcohol, lard, cooking and 
 salad oils, beef, pork, syrup, pickles, 
 vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, varnish, 
 paints and chemicals. 
 
 The East Jersey Railroad and Termi- 
 nal Company had fully 75% of its floating 
 tonnage in war service delivering fuel oil 
 and gasoline direct to our Government and 
 our allies both for supplies overseas and 
 for transport service. The company also 
 used its resources for the delivery of lard 
 substitutes, salad oils and containers such 
 as those above referred to. 
 
 The Pipe Line 
 
 A. W. Golden, President of the Tide-Water 
 
 Pipe Company, Ltd., tells why it was necessary 
 
 to increase their line. 
 
 FROM 1915 to 1918 the Tide-Water 
 Pipe Company, Limited, built seven 
 new pumping stations, added thirty-three 
 pumping engines, a total of 4810 H.P. and 
 thirty oil pumps with a capacity of 258,- 
 000 barrels. The Company also built 205 
 miles of additional six-inch pipe line which 
 increased the capacity of its trunkline 
 from 10,000 barrels to 15,000 barrels per 
 day, at a total cost of two and one-quarter 
 million dollars. 
 
 After the United States entered the war, 
 all the Company's station employes were 
 appointed as deputy sheriffs by the sheriff 
 of the several counties in which the Com- 
 pany has pumping stations. The regular 
 
 watchmen and an additional watchman at 
 the Oxbow Bridge were also deputized, and 
 were armed and authorized by their com- 
 missions to use their weapons for the pro- 
 tection of the Company's property. 
 
 Electric wires and gas lines were ex- 
 tended to all the tank yards for lighting 
 purposes and armed guards employed to 
 protect the tanks night and day. 
 
 Identification cards were issued to all 
 employes in order to prevent unautiiorized 
 persons from entering the Company's 
 property. 
 
 The total number of regular employes, 
 during the war, averaged about two hun- 
 dred and fifty. 
 
18 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 C. W. Burtis, Vice-President of our Pipe Line, 
 
 Summarizes Liberty Loan, Red Cross, and 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Subscriptions of Company and 
 
 Employees. 
 
 EMPLOYEES of The Tide- Water Pipe through the Company, also subscribed 
 
 Company, Limited, subscribed for locally. Thus the total subscriptions of 
 
 Liberty Loans as follows: our employees were considerably greater 
 
 First Issue, 32 subscribers $ 2,800.00 than the figures above indicate. They also 
 
 Second Issue, 188 subscribers 22,800.00 , i , • ^ v\, •ct. x- ™„ a 
 
 n^u- J T r,f^, I -u .ooannnn bought War savmg and thrift stamps and 
 
 Third Issue, 204 subscribers 23,200.00 o & f 
 
 Fourth Issue, 225 subscribers 32,230.00 contributed generously to the various 
 
 On the first issue most of our employees "drives" that were made during the war. 
 had made their subscriptions locally, be^ In addition to subscriptions of employees 
 
 fore the matter of subscribing through the Company subscribed liberally to the 
 
 the company had been taken up, and in Victory Loan, American Red Cross, Y. M. 
 
 the subsequent loans, many who subscribed C. A., United War Work Fund, etc. 
 
 The Refinery's Activities 
 
 J. B. Edwards, General Superintendent , remin- 
 isces about the Refinery's aim and motto — - 
 "To Win the War" 
 
 AT all times 100% efficiency is the aim 
 of the Management, but the recent 
 war placed upon this great organization a 
 burden that could only be met by the ex- 
 ercise of the greatest care and extremely 
 close supervision. 
 
 Hundreds of the Tide Water boys en- 
 tered the service in all its branches, a few 
 received decorations from the United States 
 and Allied governments for heroic eff'orts ; 
 many were decorated with wounds that 
 will be carried to their graves, and in the 
 providence of God, some made the supreme 
 sacrifice and will never again return. While 
 the answer to the roll call of their names 
 will be "absent" they will be ever present in 
 the magnificent monument to be erected and 
 dedicated at the plant here as a lasting 
 evidence of sincerest aff^ection and honor 
 by their fellow-workers. 
 
 The entry of the United States into the 
 war thrust upon the Company hazards and 
 risks that might well make people shud- 
 der. The question of labor after the loss of 
 many of our skilled hands, required the 
 splendid eff^orts of all connected with the 
 Employment Department. It not being 
 possible to secure sufficient male help, 
 women and girls were emplo3^ed to take 
 the places of men. The welding of these 
 female workers into an efficient working 
 unit was a difficult problem, but never- 
 theless was successfully solved and to-day 
 many of these girls are still in the employ 
 of the Company. 
 
 It is remarkable that during the entire 
 period of the world war, not a strike or 
 labor disturbance of any kind occurred in 
 Tide Water. Every trying situation dur- 
 
ACTIVITIES OF THE TIDE WATER COMPANIES 
 
 19 
 
 ing that eventful period was manfully met 
 by the Tide Water officials. 
 
 Perhaps it will never be known just how 
 much the Tide Water Oil Company con- 
 tributed to the United States toward the 
 winning of the war. Many a transport 
 ship carrying thousands of our boys to 
 the otlier side was sped on its way by fuel 
 oil manufactured by Tide Water. Many 
 an airship was kept in the air with Tydol 
 Aero Gasoline. Many engines of every 
 description was well oiled and revolved 
 by our Veedol oils. Every throb of 
 machinery, every turn of a pump, every 
 run of a still, each and all meant 
 success to the United States. 
 
 One of the many accomplishments of 
 the Tide Water was the splendid police 
 system, well conceived and successfully 
 carried out. No person could enter or 
 leave the great Tide Water plant without 
 being identified. Night was turned into 
 day by the powerful electric search lights. 
 The illuminating flood lights and watch 
 towers, the exacting supervision by rounds- 
 men, the clock and telephone reports, etc., 
 attested to the fact that not one single 
 
 thing happened to mar the record being 
 made in carrying on the war to a success- 
 ful issue from an industrial standpoint. 
 
 Even the river received the attention of 
 this notable police system. A motor boat 
 patrol was maintained by Tide Water 
 along with other industries in this section, 
 over the whole length of the Kill van Kull, 
 thus contributing in no small degree to the 
 safety and preservation of the oil industry 
 in Bayonne, without which the govern- 
 ment would have been seriously handi- 
 capped. 
 
 With everything running at "break- 
 neck" speed in the Refinery, with many 
 "green" hands, the exigencies of war pres- 
 ent ghost-like at every step, not a disas- 
 trous fire, not an accident worthy of note 
 — a record of which Tide Water Oil Com- 
 pany may well be proud. 
 
 Summing up the whole situation, our in- 
 dustrial army here, although not subjected 
 to the intense hardships and horrible sac- 
 rifices of war, had the same spirit and en- 
 thusiasm of our boys fighting on foreign 
 battlefields — their sole aim and motto be- 
 ing "Win the War." 
 
 Liberty Loans and War Savings Stamps 
 
 THE real ammunition of war is money. 
 But for the Liberty Loans the United 
 States could not have progressed far on 
 the road to victory. 
 
 Tide Water Oil Compaxy and Subsidiaries 
 Liberty Loan Subscriptioxs 
 
 cojiPANY and 
 
 COMPANY employes EMPLOYES 
 
 1st LoMii $L268,300.00 i$ 102,950.00 $1,371,250.00 
 
 2nd " 559,500.00 230,550.00 790,050.00 
 
 3rd " 529,500.00 188,450.00 717,950.00 
 
 4th " 1,576,300.00 364,100.00 1,940,400.00 
 
 5th " 139,500.00 295,250.00 434,750.00 
 
 $4,073,100.00 $1,181,300.00 $5,254,400.00 
 
 War Savings Stamps Sales 
 
 The Tide Water Oil Company was or- 
 ganized into eight War Savings Societies. 
 
 Each society represented 100% of the 
 department. Each member signed a pledge 
 card and all more than lived up to their 
 agreement. 
 
 The total sale of Thrift Stamps, up to 
 January, 1918, was 17,765, amounting to 
 $4,441.25. The total sale of War Sav- 
 ings Stamps was 666, amounting to 
 $2,800.51. 
 
20 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 Fred H Addis 
 
 fl Artliur L-Allen I 
 
 Fred. Beal 
 
 Oscar Bensor 
 
 '*ii^ C, ) 
 
 ftAnhurMBoothb 
 
 After the United States Entered 
 the Conflict 
 
 THE United States Declaration of War 
 meant mobilization of the entire na- 
 tion. The country began to organize 
 her resources on a vast scale. The Council of 
 National Defense which acted as a great central 
 functioning organization for all industries and 
 agencies connected with the prosecution of the 
 war, was formed. "Dollar a year men" — ex- 
 perts of high ability — tendered their services 
 freely to the government. All records were 
 broken in the speed of ship building, manu- 
 facture of munitions and airplanes, and the 
 scientific conservation of food. Bankers led the 
 Liberty Loan drives. Women were pressed into 
 service with the Red Cross or Y. M. C. A. or to 
 take the places of men in business of all kinds. 
 The whole people worked together absorbed in 
 one effort to get the American army properly 
 trained, supplied, and at the front. 
 
 June 5, 1917, was registraton day for the 
 new draft army in the United States. In July 
 the drawing of draft numbers for the conscript 
 army began. Soon after the training camps 
 began to be filled up. Here the men were put 
 through a stiff course of intensive training; as 
 Angelo Parella of the Tide Water Refinery put 
 it, "As soon as I got in Camp they let me do 
 a lot of construction of different kinds and they 
 got me tired every night." Another Tide Water 
 man, Angelo Rotondi, also bears witness that the 
 camp life was no cinch ; "I have not many stories 
 to tell," he said when we asked him for his war 
 experiences, "but I worked like anything all the 
 time." All hoped that this hard preparation 
 would be rewarded by some real excitement over- 
 seas, but some, lucky or unlucky as you choose 
 to regard them, never got beyond the canton- 
 
 /Percy EBoyer I 
 
 James Bolt-on 
 
 & Patrick Brannii 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 21 
 
 /Thomas Y. Callaha 
 
 flJolin H.Qiambqfl 
 
 1 Louis Cirrilla 
 
 INickolas Conns 
 
 fijohn J. ConwayL 
 
 "^y 
 
 ments and saw no war experience outside of 
 this country. "I was held in San Antonio 
 some eighteen months," says Julius Stratmeyer, 
 of the Sales Corporation, "and during that time 
 fought only in the dances, etc., of Fort Sam 
 Houston, Texas." 
 
 However, the life was not all work and 
 drudgery, and many felt as Fred Gerhardt who 
 says, "It was a great life although my one re- 
 gret was that I did not get overseas." 
 
 From those who did go overseas we have 
 many interesting stories. Leslie Tarhell of the 
 Tide Water Oil Co. has given us an account 
 of his experiences from the time he left this 
 country. 
 
 "I was in the o9th Infantry, Company A. 
 We sailed for England May 16, 1918, on the 
 English ship Meganic. After crossing the 
 Channel escorted by submarine chasers, we 
 landed in Calais about noon. The first night 
 we were billeted in an English camp in tents 
 about twelve feet in diameter, twelve men to 
 a tent ; we had been told it was to be a rest 
 camp, but it was too crowded for rest. 
 
 "Next we traveled in box cars about thirty 
 miles, then forty miles by foot until we finally 
 landed at Desbres, where we were assigned to 
 the English Army in support of their troops. 
 For three weeks we received instructions in 
 modern warfare. 
 
 "Then we left for the rear of Chateau- 
 Thierry, where we were in support of the 
 French Army. It was quiet the night they 
 went into action, but the next morning the 
 drive started, and then the excitement began ! 
 Two regiments of our division were in sup- 
 port at the front; we were two miles from the 
 front line, and it sounded as though the earth 
 was falling to pieces. We were in line about 
 three days, in which time we drove the Ger- 
 mans back seven miles and were relieved by 
 another American division. 
 
 "In the meantime the French turned the en- 
 tire sector over to the American Army. After 
 three days' fighting our casualties were two- 
 thirds of the regiment killed and wounded ; out 
 of two hundred and fifty men in our company 
 only seventy-five came througli uninjured. I 
 was fortunate enough to be among these. 
 
 jHarry C.Cromwdll/ 
 
 1 Robert Ctawfordlj 
 
 OHaroldCDavidson 
 
 ; liFred M.Dillender l0i 
 
 T 
 
 .^' 
 
22 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 Frank DoUt, 
 
 jTheodoreDqyle; 
 
 &trickJ.Dunph 
 
 I ^Raymond WEdejj 
 
 "The night of August 2nd we came to a 
 large forest where we stopped for grub — horse 
 meat. We had been marching all day and 
 thought we were due for a rest, but got orders 
 to march until about three in the morning when 
 we stopped and rested. We were now in the 
 front line trenches although few were aware 
 of the fact as no Germans were to be seen. As 
 we came out of the woods we were attacked 
 by a German plane driven off by anti-aircraft 
 guns. We proceeded for about one-half mile 
 in the open, being spread out in artillery for- 
 mation, when suddenly we were attacked by 
 machine gun fire and German artillery. A few 
 men were wounded, but we waited only a short 
 time and continued our march. Several Ger- 
 mans gave themselves up from machine gun 
 nests. 
 
 "As night fell we were more frequently en- 
 tertained by shell-fire and airplane bombing. 
 We had no artillery support as our artillery 
 had not caught up with us. We discovered 
 Germans on three sides of us, and received 
 signals from airplanes to get back across the 
 field, but continual German artillery bombard- 
 ment prevented this. The field was constantly 
 lit by flares sent up by the Germans. But 
 about 7 A. M. we were able to get back due 
 to heavy fog which came up. In the meantime 
 we discovered that in the church steeple of 
 the town below, the Germans had been giving 
 signals to the German army on everything we 
 were doing. In the morning after we crossed 
 the field we enjoyed an army breakfast as the 
 army kitchens had arrived — we had been with- 
 out any food except what we had in our packs 
 for a day and a half. The same fog gave a 
 chance for American artillery to come in and 
 place guns. Now located about two miles from 
 the river Vesle, we again met with strong re- 
 sistance from the Germans when we attempted 
 to advance. Two of our regiments succeeded 
 in crossing the river in three days. We gained 
 possession of a railroad and a small French 
 town. Germans had a much better position, 
 being located on a steep hill over the town, 
 so they could fire down upon us. 
 
 "After several German machine gun fire and 
 hand grenade scraps, we finally caught the 
 Jerries in their own trap, and found three 
 hundred dead. 
 
 I'* ftv 
 
 iGardnerB.Fasset 
 
 1 Arthur Freeman^ 
 
 Fred.A.Fritts 
 
 lAlbertl.Hoxwortm 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 23 
 
 H.T.Eligator 
 
 flRichardJ.Emst 
 
 I Lewis Edwards! 
 
 Hugh Flynn 
 
 |^1 John Foster 
 
 "We had no sleep and little food for three 
 days. Part of the men slept and others kept 
 watch. We were later attacked by small artil- 
 lery fire from the Germans, and it was at this 
 time that I was wounded. I had only been 
 asleep about ten minutes when they woke me. 
 I didn't care so much about the wound, but I 
 was sore at being waked up. I was immediate- 
 ly taken back to the dressing station, and from 
 there in an ambulance to an evacuation hos- 
 pital, where I was operated on within a few 
 hours of being wounded. The two doctors 
 there had operated on one hundred and sev- 
 enty-five patients in one night. The next day 
 I was taken by ambulance to an American hos- 
 pital in the center of France, at Chatelle 
 Guion ; here I stayed until October 1st, when 
 I was transferred to St. Nazaire, a French 
 port, where we awaited a transport, which soon 
 arrived ; so soon after we sailed for the States." 
 
 THE first American doughboys arrived in 
 France on the 26th of June, and the warm 
 welcome they received was recorded by many 
 photographs and movies. Sometimes they set 
 sail rather unexpectedly, and usually they left 
 their native shores in a hurry, but we doubt if 
 there is any story to compare with a tale told by 
 L. Eugene Smith of the Pipe Company : 
 
 "A negro doughboy on sentry duty in France 
 was overheard grumbling about the weather, 
 Germans, and army life in general. His Cap- 
 tain said, 'Sambo, what seems to be the trou- 
 ble, aren't you glad to be fighting for Democ- 
 racy.^ If you are not satisfied, why didn't you 
 join the Home Guards?' 
 
 "Sambo said, 'Well, suh, it's just dis way. 
 I had a good position in a livery store down in 
 Georgy payin' me a dollah an a haf a day. 
 Long comes a slick talkin' Northern man en 
 offers us niggers eight dollah-a-day jobs in 
 Noo York. Well, we all went up dere an dey 
 put us to loadin' boxes, 'long comes de boss en 
 says, all who wants to make ten dollars a day 
 step inside dis warehouse and sign up. Well, 
 suh, we all stepped thru dat door en signed up, 
 den dey closed dat door. What do you think 
 happened den. Captain?' 
 
 " 'Haven't any idea, Sambo.' 
 
 " 'Well, suh, dat warehouse done sailed 
 awav.' " 
 
 fflalph Fitzpatrick||| 
 
 Edward Finck , 
 
 lAnsel I 
 
 ^OttoC.Gohdes 
 
 iLewisLGraves 
 
24 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 iI^ayWHatger 
 
 ON August 11, 1917, it was announced that 
 the first American Field Army was organ- 
 ized and that General John J. Pershing was ap- 
 pointed Commander-in-Chief of the American 
 Expeditionary Force. The drawing of draft 
 numbers for the American conscript army had 
 begun on July 20th, so the building of America's 
 military force was well under way. 
 
 In the meantime the Russian Revolution, 
 which had broken out on March 11th, had re- 
 sulted in the establishment of Kerensky as 
 Russian Minister of War and the abdication of 
 the Czar. Under the new regime a Russian 
 offensive was initiated on the first of July 
 which resulted in a general retreat and failure. 
 After this Kerensky became Russian Premier. 
 On the 14th of July, Von Bethmann-Hollweg, the 
 German Chancellor, resigned, and was succeeded 
 by Dr. Georg Michaelis. 
 
 On August 1st, the Pope Benedict XV made 
 a plea for peace on a basis of no annexation, no 
 indemnity, which was rejected later by President 
 Wilson. 
 
 The Italians had crossed the Isonzo and taken 
 Austrian positions. Riga had been captured by 
 the Germans on the 3rd of September. On the 
 7th, Russia was proclaimed a Republic by Ker- 
 ensky. Toward the end of the month the Turk- 
 ish Mesopotamian army under Ahmed Bey was 
 captured by the British. By this time the Ger- 
 mans had begun the bombardment of Paris with 
 their "Big Bertha," the long-range gun, which 
 was seventy-six miles from Paris. 
 
 The Americans were soon given an oppor- 
 tunity to show what they could do in the battle 
 line. In the latter days of May, 1918, when 
 the Germans were sweeping forward with a series 
 of successes, and the Allies seemed near defeat, 
 the American troops had their first real fight. 
 On May 28th, the Germans had reached the 
 Aisne. On the following day the American 
 troops captured the Village of Cantigny with 
 two hundred prisoners. They had now been in 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 25 
 
 Europe almost a year. They had been under 
 the instruction of French and Enghsh experts ; 
 here and there they had been under fire. But 
 this attack at Cantigny was the first distinct 
 American drive. Hitherto the American army 
 had been held as a reserve force, but now it was 
 hurried to the front. The main point to which 
 the Americans were sent was Chateau-Thierry, 
 where they immediately began to distinguish 
 themselves. 
 
 The Battle of Chateau-Thierry 
 
 THE Germans succeeded in crossing the 
 Marne on May 31st, 1918, and reached 
 Chateau-Thierry, forty miles from Paris. At 
 Chateau-Thierry and Neuilly the great Ger- 
 man advance which had covered thirty-two miles 
 was checked by the American marines and regu- 
 lars. By June 30th, the American troops in 
 France in all branches of service numbered 
 1,019,115. It was in an aerial battle near 
 Chateau-Thierry that Lieut. Quentin Roose- 
 velt, son of ex-President Roosevelt, was killed. 
 For the story of Chateau-Thierry, let us hear 
 a first-hand report. Leonard Hill, William 
 Kellner, John Henry Wood, and Capt. John J. 
 Conway of Tide Water were all tliere, but Capt. 
 Conway tells the story : 
 
 "Stories that are red-blooded could be told 
 of almost every man I came in contact with 
 while in action, but of course, they could only 
 be appreciated by those who knew the persons 
 concerned. Extraordinary actions seemed to 
 be the rule, not the exception. 
 
 "America had a large part to play, and 
 every man that can go off alone with his con- 
 science and his God and say, no matter where 
 circumstances placed him, that he did his best, 
 should indeed be proud, for not only did the 
 German know that in an American he faced a 
 man, but also did the rest of the world. 
 
 "The Division in which I served arrived in 
 France in May, 1918, and was brigaded with 
 the British. Here is where we found how seri- 
 ous it had become. Their hearts seemed to be 
 
 ^^S^- 
 
 iJarncsDKelleyH 
 
26 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 (Above) 
 
 Airplane view of vpres 
 
 JLJC CAbovel 
 
 ALEX COOK, 
 
 France and Italy. 
 Lieut. Cook is in 
 foreground, the 
 moui^tains in the 
 
 BACK BELONGING TO 
 OUR ALLIES IN THE 
 ORDER NAMED. 
 
 CLeft) 
 
 Naval Dirigibles all set 
 
 TO play •• I SPY" WITH FRITZ. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 27 
 
 gone. Retreat had become the first thought in 
 tactics. The Boche appeared to be irresistible. 
 His drives were carrying everything before 
 him. He was hitting at two points : the channel 
 ports, Calais and Dunkirk, which meant the 
 heart of England, and his big drive on Paris 
 which practically meant the downfall of 
 France. These men who stood this for four 
 long years felt after their valiant, vain efforts 
 that nothing human could stop the Boche. Our 
 spirit and cocksureness was scoffed and 
 sneered at. 'Wait till you meet Jerry,' was 
 what we were told. A disheartened lot indeed ! 
 
 "It was when they were going to send our 
 Division on what they termed a 'hopeless 
 task,' the taking of Mont Kemmel, the key 
 to the Ypres salient and the key to Calais 
 (and England) they said, 'Now watch the 
 Yanks get it.' The French, holding Paris, 
 were in the same fix — retreat, retreat. They, 
 too, finally, with a hopeless outlook thought 
 they would send in some of these raw inex- 
 perienced troops, as the Yanks were classed. 
 It was at this time, as we were arranging our 
 ])lan of attack in conjunction with British 
 officers that the Communique was received, 
 'They are sending the Yanks in to try and 
 stop the drive on Paris.' The British naturally 
 could not see it. We were very anxious for 
 further news. Next day we gathered anx- 
 iously at Headquarters and kind of threw out 
 our chests with pride as the word came in 
 'The Yanks are holding at Chateau-Thierry.' 
 It did seem unbelievable to these people who 
 did not know the American soldier. I can see 
 a British Colonel yet as he grabbed the Com- 
 munique and read in silence for a moment 
 and then like a man with a new lease on life, 
 turned and said simply, 'Gentlemen, the Yanks 
 are going forward at Chateau-Thierry ! The 
 war is won.' And it was. The brightened 
 looks, heads thrown back, the new spirit, the 
 Boche could be stopped, he was not invincible, 
 marked the new spirit. 
 
 "Our Division went over and took the so- 
 called impossible Mont Kemmel and from 
 Chateau-Thierry on, the Allies never took a 
 back step. The race for Berlin had begun, 
 only to be stopped by the Armistice. 
 
 "So you see everyone who made that Ameri- 
 can spirit possible by a solid line-up behind 
 Uncle Sam, everyone who helped equip and 
 
28 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 transport and make possible that valiant, in- 
 vincible force, helped stop an enemy of man- 
 kind that was a menace to the world. His 
 work in Belgium and France will be a monu- 
 ment of barbarity for generations and the 
 world can thank America for its ending." 
 
 ON June 6th the Americans took Torcy and 
 captured Bouresches, and by the 11th 
 captured Belleau Wood. It was in the Belleau 
 Wood battle that John Henry Foster of Tide 
 Water won his D. S. C. 
 
 After the American victory at Chateau- 
 Thierry the Germans launched another drive at 
 Soissons. 
 
 Up to July 18, 1918, the Allied armies in 
 France had been steadily on the defensive, but 
 on that date the tide turned. General Foch, 
 who had been yielding territory for several 
 months in the great German drives, now as- 
 sumed the offensive himself and began the series 
 of great drives which was to crush the German 
 power and drive the enemy from France. 
 
 The first of these great blows was the one 
 which began with the appearance of the Ameri- 
 cans at Chateau-Thierry. The Germans had 
 formed a huge salient of which the eastern ex- 
 tremity lay near Rheims, and the western 
 extremity west of Soissons. Against this salient 
 the French and Americans had directed a tre- 
 mendous thrust. By August 5th, the Crown 
 Prince had been driven from the Marne to the 
 Vesle. On August 7th, Sir Douglas Haig began 
 an attack on the Lys salient, which was followed 
 by a still greater Allied advance between Albert 
 and Montdidier ; both met with striking success. 
 Mont Kemmel was occupied on August 31st, 
 and now that the Germans found their salient a 
 failure they were retreating in order to extri- 
 cate themselves from the position. 
 
 By August 10th, the Germans had fallen 
 back to a line running through Chaulnes and 
 Roye. Montdidier had been captured and by 
 August 12th, the number of prisoners was 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 29 
 
 '^ /, 
 
 IChristoplier RaisneraJl 
 
 James J. He illy I 
 
 I Cornelius Reilly I 
 
 1^ S.LI\eynoldsj 
 
 40,000. By the 18th, the Allied front was 
 almost in the same line as it had been in the 
 summer of 1916, before the battle of the Somme. 
 Bapaume was occupied on September 29th, and 
 two days later the British took Peronne. 
 
 On the 19th of September the British ad- 
 vanced into the Hindenburg line, northwest of 
 St. Quentin and on the 20th, while the American 
 guns were shelling Metz, the British were ad- 
 vancing steadily near Cambrai and La Bassee. 
 Six days later the first American army smashed 
 through the Hindenburg Hne for an average gain 
 of seven miles on a twenty-mile front, and finally 
 reached the Kreimhilde Line. And now, be- 
 tween the 30th of September and the 9th of 
 October, the French captured St. Quentin and 
 the British, Cambrai. 
 
 Chateau-Thierry 
 
 G. Vincent Williams, of the Pipe Line, 
 Warren Station, Ohio 
 
 ON the road out of Chateau-Thierry, 
 By the hill where we halted the Hun, 
 Near "Suicide Lane" and "Death Valley," 
 Where the Boches' retreat was begun, 
 
 There's an acre of crude little crosses, 
 Where we buried Sergeant Monroe, 
 
 And a crowd of his Comrade Crusaders 
 Whose names we may never quite know. 
 
 And some day this road will be teaming 
 With pilgrims who venture to go 
 
 To "Humanity's Holy of Holies" 
 
 On the road by the "Bois-de-Belleau !" 
 
 Some will be looking for brother, 
 
 Others for father or son, 
 Many for husband or sweethearts. 
 
 Or comrade who stayed by the gun ! 
 
 God grant they come in the Sunshine 
 While the Spring flowers bloom on the 
 grave 
 
 And may they be proud of our comrades 
 And glad for the gift that they gave. 
 
 Charles I{.Hoesinger|J| 
 
 fW) 
 
30 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 GERMANY SURRENDERS !' ARMISTICE DAY 
 AT RED CROSS HOSPITAL AT DARTFORD. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 31 
 
 The St. Mihiel Sector 
 
 THE reduction of the St. Mihiel sahent was 
 next undertaken by the Americans, assisted 
 by certain French units. The Germans were sur- 
 prised, various towns were taken possession of, 
 13,000 prisoners captured. The sahent was 
 wiped out, and the St. Mihiel front reduced 
 from forty to twenty miles. 
 
 Rafert H. Patteson of the Tidal Oil Co. has 
 a story for us about his experience in the St. 
 Mihiel sector. 
 
 "Things went on as usual at the front near 
 a place called Stump Logger until one day the 
 64th Infantry called on us. We were detailed 
 out in fives to carry some picks and shovels to 
 them. The Captain called four privates and 
 me to take some to the doughboys. He told us 
 where we would find them. The tools were up 
 on the side of a hill in an old dugout, two 
 shovels and two picks for each. He said that 
 when we came down the hill we should turn to 
 the right. However, we turned left and went 
 on toward the German lines. Well, we ran up 
 to where it began to get pretty warm. A Hun 
 plane flew over and saw us and gave the signal 
 to the Hun artillery and they began to send 
 over a few G. I. cans at us. We dropped our 
 picks and shovels and ran to a little village a 
 short distance away called St. Manies Farm 
 to hunt cover. One of the boys and myself lay 
 down by a stone wall. A big shell hit pretty 
 close to it and threw dirt all over us when it 
 exploded. There were some doughboys at this 
 old farm. I saw one come around the corner 
 of a building and run towards the old church 
 house. I said to the boy who was with me, 'I 
 believe there must be a dugout under that old 
 church.' He said, 'Let's see.' Well, we started 
 to run; just as we started a big shell hit a 
 small building close to us. I thought my time 
 had come. One boy said 'Follow me' which I 
 did on the run. He went to the entrance of a 
 dugout under the church. It was reinforced 
 with sand bags and concrete. We were safe if 
 
32 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 a shell did not hit the old church. They shelled 
 the place until dark. Then we started back to 
 Stump Logger. The day had been cloudy and 
 rainy. On our way back we found two of our 
 boys lying in an old shell hole. One of them 
 was wounded in the leg by a piece of shrapnel. 
 
 "Believe me, the next time we went out, 
 night or day, we paid a little more attention to 
 our directions. This little incident happened in 
 the St. Mihiel Sector in the Pruveniell Woods. 
 
 "I am home now and have a good job and I 
 believe I would rather work in the Tide Water 
 oil fields than be on the firing line in France." 
 
 H 
 
 OMER WOOD of the Dallas Osage Co. 
 says: 
 
 " 'When you are in the front line trenches, 
 boys,' said our captain, 'keep your heads down 
 or you'll get them shot off.' Say ! I sure did 
 please that Captain." 
 
 ANOTHER Tide Water man who writes of 
 St. Mihiel, was Michael James McQuinn of 
 the Sales Corporation, who was in tlie 89th Divi- 
 sion. 
 
 "The 89th Division was General Leonard 
 Wood's, and because of their heroic deeds and 
 their ability as a fighting division on the St. 
 Mihiel Front was the only national army 
 placed side by side with a national guard or 
 regular army such as the 42nd Division and 
 the 2nd Division of Marines, and was in the 
 front line for seven weeks and then was re- 
 lieved and marched to Meuse-Argonne sector 
 where they were placed as shock troops which 
 broke the lines on the steady front, and crossed 
 the river Meuse, November 10, 1918. 
 
 "We were to be the first wave into Ger- 
 many but were so badly crippled we came in 
 as the second wave. 
 
 "The SS-ith Infantry was placed in Trier, 
 Germany, as General Pershing's advanced 
 guard for their ability as fighters and soldiers." 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 33 
 
3Jj 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 /HNormanlrvinl 
 
 The Argonne 
 
 ST. MIHIEL had been recaptured from the 
 Germans on September 14th. The next 
 major engagement for the Americans was the 
 Argonne. It was in the Argonne Forest that 
 John La Forge found the town that is named 
 for him. 
 
 "The first town I saw in the Argonne," he 
 says, "was the village of La Forge. You 
 should have seen that town — oh, lady, lady ! 
 There was only about one and a half houses 
 standing. I figured that if the Huns would 
 treat a town bearing my name so roughly that 
 I was going to have a good time for a while." 
 
 EDGAR CAMPBELL'S experience sounds 
 pretty lively — 
 
 "On October 30, 1918, our hospital No. 312 
 was shelled by Germans at Apremont in the 
 Argonne Forest. Many boys were hurt. Two 
 were killed by shrapnel. It was inspected by 
 General McRae to be reported as unlawful 
 warfare to General Headquarters, Chaumont, 
 France. It was the most exciting time I have 
 ever had and now I know what it means to flirt 
 with death. Oh, it was just an evening's pleas- 
 ure. John La Forge was with us." 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 35 
 
 The Last Battle 
 
 MARSHAL FOCH'S front attacks 
 toward the end of the war may be 
 divided roughly into three great sectors. 
 The first of these attacks was delivered by 
 the French and Americans in the southern 
 sector which included Verdun and the 
 Argonne. 
 
 The second was delivered by the British, 
 Belgians, French, and Americans in the 
 Cambrai sector. 
 
 The third was delivered by the British, 
 Belgians, French, and Americans in the 
 Belgian sector on the north of the great 
 battle line. 
 
 Beginning September 18th, 1918, the at- 
 tack in the Cambrai sector was immediately 
 successful. On September 27th the Allies 
 secured possession of the Canal du Nord 
 and several villages as well as 6,000 pris- 
 oners. By October 3rd, the Teutons had 
 
 "On the night of the 30th of October, 
 1918, our regiment (324.th H. F. A.) re- 
 ceived orders to move back to Bar le Due 
 for a two weeks' rest. We had been sup- 
 porting the 26th, 29th and the 32nd Divi- 
 sion northwest of Verdun since the Meuse- 
 Argonne drive had started on the 26th of 
 September. We had been under heavy 
 shell-fire for the whole time, and we liad 
 seen the 29tli Division (one of the best 
 Divisions that ever wore khaki) come back 
 literally torn to pieces. Theirs had been a 
 hard task, driving out the Heinies after 
 they had had four years in which to build 
 almost shell-proof dugouts and machine 
 gim nests ; but nothing could stop them. 
 
 "After we had hiked about 30 kilometers 
 to a little French rest camp back of Ver- 
 dun, our orders were changed, and we 
 started back up in the Argonne again to 
 support the 32nd, whom we had started to 
 support at the beginning of the drive. We 
 moved into some abandoned German bar- 
 racks in the woods, and laid there in sup- 
 
 evacuated Lens, and on the 9th, Cambrai 
 was captured by the Allies. 
 
 In the meantime the Chemin des Dames 
 and Berry-au-bac had fallen into the hands 
 of the Allies. When St. Quentin itself fell 
 into the hands of the French on October 
 1st, it was found that the Germans had 
 deported the entire civilian population of 
 50,000. October 2nd saw Lille evacuated. 
 
 Sedan, where Marshals McMahon and 
 Bazaine commanding the armies of Napo- 
 leon III surrendered to the King of Prussia 
 in 1870, marked the last notable victory of 
 the American forces in France. 
 
 The last town to fall into American 
 hands was Stenay. 
 
 But we are fortunate enough to have an 
 account of the last battle by Harold G. 
 Davidson of The Tide-WaterPipeCo.,Ltd. 
 It follows : 
 
 port of the 32nd for several days. There 
 had been some still fighting and the woods 
 were filled with our own dead boys, and 
 many dead Germans. Many hand-to-hand 
 conflicts had taken place and we saw many 
 dead Americans and Germans locked in 
 each other's arms, where they had fought 
 each other to the death. It had rained a 
 great deal and the mud was up to our 
 knees, so we called this place, Camp de 
 Mud. 
 
 "On the evening of the 9th, we were or- 
 dered on up to the line and we started hik- 
 ing about 6:00 P. M. and hiked until 4:00 
 A. M. on the morning of the 10th, crossing 
 the bridge at Dun sur Meuse, which had 
 a day or so before been blown out by the 
 Germans. The engineers had to work on 
 the bridge under heavj^ artillery fire, and 
 with aeroplanes swooping down every few 
 minutes and emptying their machine guns 
 at them, but they finally finished their 
 task, and we were the first outfit over the 
 bridge after it was completed. On this 
 
36 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 night, I saw the highest price that I ever 
 lieard of paid for a bar of chocolate. We 
 had noticed that one of the boys got very 
 bulky letters from his wife, and we also 
 noticed that George always had cigarettes 
 when the rest of us were going begging. 
 Along about midnight, George pulled out 
 his chocolate and said, 'Oh boy, how'd you 
 like to have some?' We were all crazy for 
 something sweet and one of the boys said, 
 'I'll give you five francs for that,' but there 
 was nothing doing. The offer went to 10 
 and finally 20 francs (about $4.00). He 
 got the bar and said it was worth every 
 cent of the money. He should worry, he 
 was the best crap shooter and about the 
 best stud poker player in the outfit and he 
 would soon have that back. 
 
 "It had stopped raining and had gotten 
 colder, and on the morning when we 
 stopped, the ground was white with frost. 
 We lay down on the frozen ground and 
 slept for about four hours, then got up and 
 ate some sea turkey, raw tomatoes and 
 hard tack, and got ready to pull into posi- 
 tion. Soon the infantry went by us and we 
 had a close-up of the boys we were going 
 to support in a few hours. They went by 
 laughing and singing and talking for all 
 the world like a bunch of school boys out 
 for a lark. The American doughboys were 
 superb, no history can ever give them 
 enough credit. Artillery is very necessary, 
 but we took off our hats to the infantry. 
 I had been in the infantry for eleven 
 months, but operators were needed by the 
 artillery, so I was transferred to Co. H, 
 324th F. A. H. 
 
 "At 11 :00 A. M. we started over the hill 
 from the little town of Ecury. A large 
 number of our horses had been killed and 
 we had to take what horses were left from 
 the second battalion and split them be- 
 tween the first and third. As soon as we 
 reached the brow of the hill, the Jerries 
 made a very warm reception for us, and 
 from 1:00 P.M. until 9:00 P.M. they 
 made us feel that we were not out on any 
 picnic. We got our guns laid at 10:30 P.M. 
 and started firing and from that time 
 until 10:00 A.M. on the morning of the 
 11th, things were humming. Then we got 
 
 orders to stop firing. Now we had heard 
 rumors that there was to be an armistice 
 signed or rather one to go into effect at 
 1 1 A. M. that morning, but we thought it 
 was all bunk, and we all felt that it was 
 too good to be true; when we ceased 
 firing we all looked at each other in aston- 
 ishment. Everything was deathly still for 
 a few minutes and then the Dutch opened 
 up on us again, and killed one of our chap- 
 lains and some more of the boys. We tele- 
 phoned this information to headquarters 
 and the General said, 'Give 'em hell, boys, 
 send over ten for every one of theirs.' 
 Well, we did. The boys tried to shoot awaj' 
 all their ammunition. At 1 1 : 05 A. M. we 
 stopped firing again and the war was fini. 
 The Stars and Stripes, the official A. E. F. 
 newspaper, gave us credit for firing the 
 last shot along the American front. 
 
 "The French that were near us were 
 having a great time, kissing and hugging 
 each other, laughing and crying at the 
 same time. We gathered up all the powder 
 and everything inflammable that we could 
 find and that night we had a celebration. 
 Talk about your 4th of July. Oh, Boy ! 
 After we had shot all the signal rockets we 
 could find, burned all the powder that came 
 to our hands, we built huge bonfires and 
 sang and talked until late in the night. 
 That night instead of lying down in the 
 cold mud, we pitched out tents around the 
 fires, and went to sleep with a joy in the 
 knowledge of a job well done. 
 
 "We stayed here for several days and 
 went hunting — for cooties. We got new 
 clothes and shoes, and made ourselves as 
 presentable as possible. Major-General 
 Hahn, then in command of the 32nd Divi- 
 sion, came over and made a speech to the 
 officers and non-commissioned officers of the 
 regiment and told us he was proud of us 
 and said that we were soon to start hiking 
 for Germany, as part of the Army of 
 Occupation. We crossed the border of 
 Luxembourg and when Thanksgiving 
 came, it found us at a little villaf!:e called 
 Boudler, about 15 kilometers from the city 
 of Luxembourg. At 2:30 P. M. on the 1st 
 day of December, we crossed the German 
 border, following right on the heels of the 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 37 
 
 vanquished Huns. We had many expe- 
 riences on the hike, but space does not 
 permit me to go into details, for if I did 
 the Topics would look like a history of 
 'Pershing's March to the Rhine.' 
 
 "On the 14th of December, we crossed 
 the Rhine above Coblenz, singing, 'Hail ! 
 Hail ! the Gang's All Here !' and we were 
 very, very happy, for after hiking several 
 hundred miles on two meals a day, mainly 
 'corned willie,' sea food and hard tack, 
 with many of the boys nearly walking in 
 their bare feet, we felt that we deserved a 
 long, long rest with plenty of good chow 
 and a chance to grow fat. Yours Truly 
 had lost 40 pounds on the hike. At the 
 end of the hike, I had trained down to 165 
 — in 40 days. We hiked about 30 kilo- 
 meters back from the Rhine and started 
 doing outpost duty along the neutral zone, 
 which divided our Army from the German. 
 We billeted with German families. 
 
 "On January 1, in compliance with Gen- 
 
 eral Pershing's orders, every regiment in 
 the A. E. F. started a Regimental show. 
 Being able to warble a little, I was picked 
 to lead a quartette and from that date, 
 until the 15th of May, stood no formations. 
 Our task was to amuse the timers at the 
 game, being from Ringlings, Keiths, Fields, 
 Vogels and the like. We had some fine 
 music and eleven acts of vaudeville. We 
 were outfitted with three White trucks to 
 travel in, and to carry our make-up, etc., 
 and we traveled anywhere from 15 to 60 
 kilometers, practically every night, to put 
 on our show, in cafes, barns or theatres, 
 anywhere there was an American unit. 
 
 "On the 22nd of April, we trailed out of 
 Coblenz in box cars with a three-day trip 
 ahead of us to Brest, France. On the 10th 
 of May, we sailed for Home. What a won- 
 derful place ! We had seen England, 
 France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Ger- 
 many, but we wouldn't trade our back- 
 yard at home for the whole shebang." 
 
 The Armistice 
 
 COMPARATIVELY sudden, to those 
 who did not know conditions, was the 
 final collapse of the Teutonic alliance. 
 Bulgaria and Turkey first gave way, then 
 Austria-Hungary deserted. At last the 
 Kaiser and his advisors appealed to the 
 Allies, through President Wilson, for an 
 Armistice during which peace terms could 
 be negotiated. President Wilson referred 
 the German appeal to Marshal Foch. 
 
 A false alarm of peace — in the shape of 
 a cabled message to the effect that the 
 Armistice had been signed, received in this 
 country on November 7th — set the whole 
 nation celebrating. For twenty-four hours 
 New York city was turned topsy-turvy by 
 wild festivities. Strangers embraced on 
 Fifth Avenue; flags waved from every 
 window; whistles, horns, klaxons of every 
 description noisily vented the enthusiasm 
 of excited New Yorkers. Every variety of 
 
 white paper or cloth was seized upon by 
 some celebrator to wave from the window, 
 or better, to throw down to the revellers 
 on the pavements below. A pandemonium 
 of excitement reigned ; the air was filled 
 with cries of "Peace ! Peace !" And all the 
 wide country rejoiced. Similar scenes 
 were taking place in all the cities of the 
 nation. 
 
 And yet it was only a false alarm. The 
 following day the report came that the fes- 
 tivities were premature. Good-naturedly, 
 people laughed at their over-optimism, and 
 waited for the true report, resolved not 
 to be fooled by the cry of "Wolf !" again. 
 
 On November 11, 1918, the Armistice 
 was signed, and as they were convinced of 
 the truth of this official report, the Ameri- 
 can people again broke forth with undi- 
 minished enthusiasm, into a celebration of 
 {Concluded on Page 56) 
 
88 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 39 
 
 More of Our Boys' Experiences 
 
 OUR boys have told us many interest- 
 ing- stories, and while space does not 
 provide for our telling all of them, here 
 are a few : 
 
 Where a few hours made a lot of differ- 
 ence — in the fast work of army and navy 
 competition : 
 
 L. Eugene Smith tells that when the 
 transport had docked safely in the little 
 French port and the sailors had been 
 granted shore liberty, they being fast 
 workers had taken the town, visited the one 
 cafe, and succeeded in adding to the pretty 
 French waitress's vocabulary a line of 
 American slang. 
 
 A few hours later a doughboy from the 
 transport dropped into the cafe and was 
 seen diligently studying a French-English 
 dictionary and the waitress. Finding what 
 he wanted he called her over and said, 
 "Embrace moi" (meaning "give me a 
 ki^s"). She seemed confused and ex- 
 claimed, "Doughboy, where you get zat 
 stuff?" He slammed his dictionary on the 
 
 table, exclaiming, "Oh, H I just knew 
 
 those sailors were ashore first." 
 
 Perhaps Edward William Hansen of 
 the Dallas Osage Co. felt as did the man 
 in his story. 
 
 "In line for inspection, an Oklahoma 
 private a little late failed to fall in. Cap- 
 tain questioned our honorable private, ask- 
 ing; him, 'Where in do you belong?' 
 
 The answer was, 'I belong in Oklahoma, 
 by gosh !' " 
 
 Tony Pullesa was drafted and sent over- 
 seas. One day, because of his awkwardness, 
 he was kidded by his lieutenant. 
 
 "What did you do before you joined 
 up?" asked the officer. 
 
 "Playa da music, and de monk, he col- 
 lecta da mon." 
 
 "Why did you join the army, then?" 
 "I no join. I was draft." 
 "And what became of your monkey?" 
 "Oh, dey make a lieutenant out of heem." 
 
 E. H. Walther, of the Sales Corporation, 
 heard this : 
 
 1st Private — Do you remember old Cap- 
 tain Brown? 
 
 2nd Private — Yes, what's new about 
 him? 
 
 1st Private — Well, I just heard that he 
 was hit by a whizz-bang which knocked 
 out all his brains. 
 
 2nd Private — Poor devil ; where was he 
 buried? 
 
 1st Private — Buried be ; he's in the 
 
 War Office now with the rest of the bunch. 
 
 Getting a Detail. 
 
 William Johnson, one of our messengers 
 in the oil company, gives us a description 
 of detail. 
 
 "For the benefit of those who are not 
 familiar with what is meant by the word 
 detail (I found that my hardest proposi- 
 tion, being a sergeant) — a detail gener- 
 ally consists of getting any number of 
 soldiers together. As this is not always 
 pleasant work, I adopted a little scheme 
 to get my details while mess was being 
 served. That, you know, is the time to 
 judge whether a man is sick or not. But 
 even then, some would complain of being 
 crippled in some other way so that they 
 may (as the saying is) 'Duck a detail.' " 
 
 A tale from Douglas McPherson of the 
 Sales Corporation, shows that luck is all 
 a matter of viewpoint, anyway. 
 
 "We had been through a long siege of 
 disagreeable trench duty and had been 
 
40 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 promised a prolonged rest, but although 
 only out two days, the front line became 
 stormy and we were ordered up. As the 
 weather was bad and prospects of very 
 dirty conditions were ahead of us, every- 
 body was in an unpleasant frame of mind. 
 We proceeded through the dark over the 
 old trenches taken from 'Fritz' towards the 
 front line we were holding. Suddenly I 
 
 saw a man fall in trying to step across a 
 trench and so detailed a sergeant to see 
 that assistance was rendered if necessary 
 and have the man rejoin our company. 
 
 "Some time afterwards the sergeant 
 came up, but minus his man, so I asked 
 him what became of the man. He re- 
 sponded, 'The lucky son-of-a-gun ! He 
 broke his leg!' " 
 
 Filter Plant Historian Champions his Boys 
 
 AS the boys from the Filter Plant will 
 not say anything about the war, it 
 behooves me to tell you the part they 
 played. 
 
 In April, 1917, when this country de- 
 clared war on Germany, there were thirty- 
 two men employed at the Filter Plant. Six- 
 teen went to war, which is a fifty-fifty basis. 
 They all returned ; some of them went 
 through what Sherman said war was. They 
 were in every branch of the service: down 
 in a submarine, up in an aeroplane, on the 
 water in a sub-chaser, with the gas hounds, 
 in the engineers, with the pioneers, in the 
 medical division, and holding the trenches 
 with the 3rd, 29th, 32nd, 77th and 78th 
 divisions, holding the line on the Marne in 
 July, 1918, with the 38th United States 
 Infantry. (From the report in the Jour- 
 nal Official). The 38th Infantry, under 
 Col. U. G. McAlexander, on July 15, 1918, 
 being attacked on its front and outflanked 
 on its right and left, was faithful to orders 
 and maintained its position on the bank 
 of the Marne. Despite all, it threw back 
 the superior numbers of the enemy, on the 
 battlefield at Fismes, at St. Mihiel, at 
 Argonne Forest, and at Meuse-Argonne. 
 
 Fred Fritts, who before this war, had 
 served eight years in the navy, sailed away 
 on a submarine for European waters and 
 when he arrived off the Irish coast, he 
 
 thought he would meet friends ; but he soon 
 found that an American submarine had no 
 friends off the Irish coast. Every boat on 
 the waters was his enemy. When his sub- 
 marine came up for air, some Yankee de- 
 stroyer would fire a shot or drop a depth 
 bomb at him. If there was no Yankee 
 about, then a French or English boat would 
 try to hit him. So he very seldom saw the 
 sunshine. Their only chance was to come 
 up at night and look at the stars. His 
 wife and three children are proud of him 
 too. 
 
 Bob Crawford, who just got back from 
 the border with the old 4th Regiment, N. J. 
 National Guards, went down South to get 
 in trim for the big job. His regiment was 
 cited twice for bravery in the Argonne 
 Forest, and he was one of the few men in 
 his company that was not wounded. His 
 two children are proud of their Dad. 
 
 Paul Allen, arrived at Allentown, Pa., 
 for his training. In two months he was 
 on his way for France. He served with 
 the French army, and for his daring and 
 bravery received the Croix de Guerre on 
 the battlefield. He arrived home in Juh^ 
 1919, and for reasons better known to him- 
 self, instead of accepting his old position at 
 the Filter Plant, accepted one as salesman 
 in the Tide Water Sales Department. He 
 is one man that I know can stop any auto 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 41 
 
 on the road, make the owner drain out his 
 gas tank, fill it up with Tydol, set the car- 
 buretor, and make the car get more miles 
 on a gallon than it ever got before. 
 
 Phil. Hickey, one of three brothers, 
 two of whom were wounded, saw service in 
 France. Phil, was one of the first to reach 
 France and spent many months at replace- 
 ment camps, bringing replacements to the 
 front. Paris and its surroundings had be- 
 come so familiar to him that he had to look 
 upon all France as a wonderful place. It 
 took the battle of Argonne to change his 
 opinion, for the very first day that he went 
 as a replacement to the 32nd Division, a 
 German machine gun bullet pierced his 
 right shoulder sending him back to the hos- 
 pital for three months. 
 
 Handsome Bill Kellner would have 
 reached a higher office if he had attended 
 school, instead of promenading down the 
 Boulevard with the French mademoiselles. 
 However, he found time to take part in the 
 battles of St. Mihiel and Argonne Forest. 
 His regiment was twice cited for bravery. 
 
 Joe Hamilton went in training in camp, 
 but his wife and child decided his place was 
 at home, and as two of his brothers were 
 in the army, the commander sent him back. 
 His life in the army was cut short. 
 
 Bill McCole first went to Washington, 
 D. C, for his training. He was there when 
 the old town went dry, December 1, 1917. 
 He wrote back to the Filter Plant and told 
 us not to vote dry, so you see we got the 
 Governor of New Jersey working for us 
 trying to make New Jersey wet. He was 
 at the battles of Mame, St. Mihiel, Ar- 
 gonne Forest, and Meuse-Argonne, and 
 after November 11, 1918, went through 
 part of Germany with the army of occupa- 
 tion. His regiment was cited for bravery. 
 
 James J. Dwyer, who for five months 
 
 was never out of the range of Fritz's gun, 
 was in the regiment that General Pershing 
 gave the most praise in his oflicial report. 
 The thirty-eighth infantry was cited six 
 times for bravery. He went through the 
 battles of the Marne, Fismes, St. Mihiel, 
 and Argonne Forest. On October 15, 
 1918, he was wounded in six places by 
 shrapnel. You can't keep a good man 
 down, and Jim is now as well as ever. 
 
 Edward Dwyer, in his flying boat off the 
 coast of Ireland, had the pleasure of having 
 a hand in making a German U-boat sui*- 
 render and also in sinking another one. 
 
 Eddie Finch says that it was a great 
 war while it lasted ; anyway, it was the only 
 war he ever had. Perhaps he would have 
 enjoyed it more if he had stayed in it, 
 instead of letting the Boche shoot him up 
 in his first battle at St. Mihiel. 
 
 Joe Geraghty was in the off^ensive at 
 St. Mihiel, Argonne Forest, and Meuse- 
 Argonne. He went over the top seven times 
 in a week and came through without a 
 scratch. It was rumored that Joe had 
 been a long distance runner at one time, 
 so the training he received in his younger 
 days must have been the cause of his being 
 able to lead his squad so close on Fritz's 
 heels. His regiment was cited twice for 
 bravery. 
 
 Pat Brannick, was right behind the boys, 
 picking them up as they fell from Heinle's 
 bullets, and carrying them back to the 
 medical ward to get fixed up. He made one 
 trip too many ; that was after November 
 11. He made a trip to Ireland and picked 
 up a wife, then back to France he goes. 
 He has not seen her since, but as soon as 
 the next boat arrives from the Emerald 
 Isle she will be on board and Paddy will 
 be happy. 
 
42 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 Tom Hogan kept his eye on the coast 
 in a sub-chaser No. Ill, from Maine to 
 Virginia. 
 
 James Bolton, in the Pioneers, cleared 
 the way for the infantry and kept them 
 suppHed. He was the last man who 
 arrived back at the Filter Plant. 
 
 Sweeney and O'Donnell were training in 
 camp and then came November 11. 
 
 They all found that there was no place 
 like home. They are all back at the Filter 
 Plant except Paul Allen, and he is working 
 for the Tide Water Sales Department. We 
 are glad to have them back, and are proud 
 of the record they made. They all did a 
 man's job. They had some good times in 
 camp and they had some hard times in No 
 
 Man's Land, and there were weeks at a 
 time when they heard nothing but the noise 
 of the German shells and the drum of their 
 own artiller}'. 
 
 We had the honor of sending the first 
 man to war from the Tide Water Oil Com- 
 pany on April 7, 1917, in the person of 
 F. A. Fritts.* Not being content unless 
 we finished the job. we also have the honor 
 of sending the last man from the Tide 
 Water Company to trim Kaiser Bill. He 
 left us on Armistice Day, November 11, 
 1918. 
 
 Filter Plant Historian, 
 
 Dan Sweeney. 
 
 *Arnold Mathis of the Oil Company also claims this 
 honor. They have not yet settled their controversy 
 to our knowledge. 
 
 TOPICS was popular in France, ac- 
 cording to Oscar Benson, of the 
 Pipe Line: 
 
 "A few numbers of the Tide Water 
 Topics were forwarded to me in France. 
 No magazine or paper in the A. E. F. was 
 read more thoroughly or with more in- 
 terest than those numbers." 
 
 A shipmate of William F. Brooks of 
 the Sales Corporation had the right idea 
 of a practical prayer. 
 
 "During a heavy blow, out at sea, one 
 of my shipmates was taken suddenly sea- 
 sick and in the depths of his misery de- 
 livered up this supplication: 'Lord, oh, 
 Lord, bring this here ocean to attention.' " 
 
 Frederick Heussler of the Tide Water 
 Oil Sales Corporation found Yankee slang 
 even in Germany. 
 
 "While guarding German prisoners I 
 espied one of them with a nice Waltham 
 watch. Being anxious to get a souvenir, 
 
 I made certain gestures about buying the 
 watch. He answered me in this manner, 
 in perfect American lingo, 'Hey, how do 
 you get that way.''' 
 
 "After further questioning I found out 
 he was an ex-bartender and had worked on 
 Sixth Avenue, New York City." 
 
 "When we left St. Yser on S, S. Finland, 
 the question was how many days before 
 we get to God's country. About six days 
 out we got near the Azores, when one of 
 our stars said, 'Gee, I never thought we 
 would hit the States in such quick time !' " 
 
 "My company got aboard the Adriatic 
 at 40th Street, North River, and most of 
 the boys had never visited New York, so I 
 thought I would explain all about our won- 
 derful sky line. When we had gone far 
 enough out to get a good view one of the 
 boys spoke up, 'Say, Fred, you can't see 
 much of New York, them tall buildings are 
 in the way.' " 
 
 Fred J. Gerhardt, of the Sales Cor- 
 poration, says : 
 
 "I entered the United States Army 
 May 25, 1918, and was transported to 
 Camp Hancock, Ga. Before I was drafted 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 43 
 
 I told my friends that I would come back 
 a General or some other officer. 
 
 "Well, my dreams did not come as true 
 as I expected, as after serving two months 
 in the 42nd Machine Gun Company I was 
 appointed Corporal and within another 
 month and a half became Sergeant. After 
 this promotion I said to myself, 'Well, kid, 
 you now have to go a little further,' and 
 when two months more had elapsed my 
 commander came up to me and said, 'Serge, 
 I am now going to make you Supply 
 Sergeant.' 
 
 "I must also give my wife a little credit 
 as on my return from the army, January 2, 
 1919, when I came home she presented 
 me with a pretty little five-months' baby. 
 
 "This is about all I can tell you of my 
 experience. It was a great life, although 
 my one regret was I did not get overseas." 
 
 "Boys will be boys" and "nnen will never 
 grow up" ; this probably explains the fol- 
 lowing story of the lure of the jam-pot 
 told by Percy Boyer — messenger for the 
 Tide Water Oil Company: 
 
 "Jam is a luxury unsurpassed at the 
 front. Therefore, dear reader, you can un- 
 derstand what it means to lose a can. 
 
 "It was a well known fact that the cap- 
 tain of Company 'K' had three plump, 
 juicy cans of jam reposing upon his pillow 
 (which was a steel helmet). The tempta- 
 tion was really great and the boys decided 
 to taste the rare treat. 
 
 "At that time Company 'K,' a unit of 
 3rd Battalion, 367th Infantry, was situated 
 in the Argonne Forest, ready to duck into 
 a gas mask at the first sound of a klaxon 
 horn, tingle of the triangle, or the yell of 
 'Gas ! Gas !' 
 
 "The evening passed without disturb- 
 ance. As there were not any orders to 
 move, the boys rolled up in their blankets, 
 fully dressed, gas mask two inches from 
 the face. Quiet reigned supreme. The 
 leaves stopped falling despite the fact that 
 it was October. Suddenly about 12 P. M. 
 came the deathly yell, 'Gas ! Gas ! Gas !' 
 
 "In less than six seconds (the time re- 
 quired to put a mask on), every soldier was 
 
 in his mask awaiting orders. The captain, 
 every inch a soldier, his face buried in his 
 mask, was moving around among his men 
 to see that all were in readiness. At the 
 same moment a distinguished gentleman of 
 honor thought it best to rig up some kind 
 of protection for the three poor cans of jam 
 — they would surely be destroyed by the 
 deadly fumes of phosgyene. So he put them 
 in a hole which was prepared for them 
 earlier in the evening. 
 
 "The captain, after testing for gas sev- 
 eral times and not finding any because 
 there never was any, gave the order 
 'Gas Mask May Be Removed.' On going 
 back to his bunk of blankets and nice hard 
 dirt, he must surely have discovered the 
 loss of the three precious ones. It was 
 never learned whether he made a vow to 
 punish the company or not. At any rate, 
 he never looked the same. Next morning, 
 the boys, afraid to keep the jam for fear 
 of being detected, gave it into the keeping 
 of the chaplain. He was a soldier, too, and 
 the jam disappeared again!" 
 
 More zeal than skill was Paul V. Allen'' s 
 difficulty we infer. 
 
 "Just to prove that there is more to 
 fighting a war than guns and powder, I'll 
 tell a short story of how this was brought 
 home to me. A shell killed both cooks in 
 an outfit one night while we were up, with- 
 out destroying the field oven. Some one 
 had to cook, so I took over the job until we 
 could get another cook. We had a bag of 
 rice about, so I filled a dixie three-fourths 
 full of rice, poured on some water and 
 put it in the oven. If any women read this 
 they know the answer now. I didn't until 
 the oven door opened itself, due to the fact 
 that said rice swelled to the extent of more 
 than filling the oven. Later I learned that 
 I had used a week's rations for one meal, 
 which shows that all men can't fight, and 
 if you can do a job well in time of war 
 you are as much help toward winning the 
 war as if you were in the trenches. But 
 I'm no cook!" 
 
4^ 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 -Trtey CALL 'e/vN "f^Spt^rV tMsose rHeVx^Ke= 
 
 
 
 
 -riFffe'n'op''wHrN Yoo A^K^P Foa A pas5»-vamo w^eN he said''V£s!* 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 45 
 
 
 WHO won THE w^f^9 
 
 Looie;-H«^/, tm'is is 
 , .'He oF^iccRSpetK. 
 
 yoo CANT BE SeA&IC^^ 
 
 Pock*.— on, 
 
 French kids 
 
 "BooK5 ^=!oo. 
 
 Soi-oieas" 
 
 Thf Weapons of am 0Ff«C6w' 
 ^AiNiHG CAroP 
 
 -^13 Sort opthinq always 
 
 16N0ED Yo POT YOO AT gAEE- 
 
46 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 It was Mr. Walther again who told us 
 this one: 
 
 1st Buck Private — "Say, pal, I want you 
 to give me five dollars." 
 
 2nd ditto— "What for?" 
 
 1st Private — "It's a subscription to bury 
 the Quartermaster." 
 
 2nd Private — "Here, take fifteen and 
 bury the Sergeant Major with him!" 
 
 James J. Riley of the East Jersey Rail- 
 road & Terminal Company has the right 
 idea of a pithy short story : 
 
 "The best story I can tell is that it is 
 great to be home once more." 
 
 1^ I " ■■ 
 
 This sailor knew what he wanted, anyway, and that's more than many of us do. 
 
 A Sailor's Prayer 
 
 Now I lay me down to sleep, 
 
 I pray the Lord my soul to keep. 
 
 Grant no other sailor take 
 
 My shoes and socks before I wake. 
 
 Lord, guard me in my slumber. 
 And keep my hammock on its number; 
 May no clews or lashings break. 
 And let me down before I wake. 
 
 Keep me safely in Thy sight. 
 And grant no fire drill to-night. 
 In the morning let me wake. 
 Breathing scent of sirloin steak. 
 
 God protect me in my dreams, 
 And make this better than it seems. 
 Grant the time may swiftly fly, 
 When myself shall rest on high, 
 
 In a snowy feather bed 
 Where I long to rest my head. 
 Far away from all these scenes. 
 From the smell of half done beans. 
 
 Take me back into the land, 
 Where they don't scrub down with sand. 
 Where no demon typhoon blows. 
 Where the women wash the clothes. 
 
 Father, Thou knowcst all my woes, 
 Feed me in my dying throes, 
 Take me back, I promise then. 
 Never to leave home again. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 ^7 
 
 Reward of Faithful Service 
 
 N. B. Streit 
 
 WHEN the last December issue of 
 Tide Water Topics reached the 
 Central Division office, a number of the 
 boys were in from the road and with much 
 interest they all glanced through the wel- 
 come visitor. Unfolding the large picture 
 displaying the faces of old employes who 
 had been with the Company for a period 
 of twenty-five years or longer, naturally 
 brought a lot of comment, and during the 
 discussion the following incident which 
 happened about a year ago came to my 
 mind. 
 
 Shortly after the armistice was signed, 
 a request came into our office for our rep- 
 resentative to call at the Government Ar- 
 senal, Rock Island, Illinois, as they had 
 had some lubrication trouble with a new 
 type of tank — about one Imndred of which 
 they were completing on a final order. 
 
 Upon my arrival there, I found a Sec- 
 ond Lieutenant of the Engineering Depart- 
 ment. He seemed to be exceptionally glad 
 of my coming and after a few minutes' 
 talk on oil he stated that he himself, prior 
 to the war, had been an employe of the 
 Tide Water Oil Company in the capacity 
 of foreman, when this company was laying 
 their pipe line through Illinois. 
 
 The Lieutenant spoke with highest 
 praise and admiration of the Tide Water 
 Oil Company and then told of his father. 
 
 who had also been employed by the Com- 
 pany. "My father," said he, "had worked 
 for your Company some twenty-odd years 
 and after he had reached a certain age 
 thought he would retire. About two 
 months after he had resigned, he received 
 a letter from the Company asking him to 
 call at the office at his convenience. He 
 could not imagine why they wished to see 
 him, but nevertheless he did as they re- 
 quested. To his great surprise he was 
 told that on account of his long and 
 faithful services rendered the Company, 
 he would receive a monthly pension of 
 $50.00 and was further handed a check 
 for two months' pension since resigning." 
 
 •I do not believe it necessary to repeat 
 here all the good things the Lieutenant had 
 to say about our Company. Suffice it to 
 say that when I went to see the purchas- 
 ing agent, he accompanied me. The pur- 
 chasing agent called my attention to the 
 fact that Veedol was considerably higher 
 in price than the oil they were then using, 
 but the Lieutenant spoke up and said the 
 oil they were using had just ruined one 
 of their new 300 H.P. motors, and sug- 
 gested that they try Veedol. 
 
 The order was secured, and what is 
 more, we are still receiving orders from 
 Government Arsenal, Rock Island, Illinois. 
 
48 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 Passed by the Censor 
 
 J'iolette liey, now qf Topics Stqff 
 
 PRACTICALLY the only unanimous 
 nominees for the "noose" were second 
 looies, cooties — 'and the "Censor". 
 
 Did you rave when your mail was held 
 up because business correspondence, con- 
 firmation of cables and personal letters had 
 to be examined? If you did, then think 
 this one over: out of the nineteen bureaus 
 from which Uncle Sam got his information, 
 nearly half came from the Postal Censor- 
 ship, and it was of inestimable value to 
 the United States and Allied Governments. 
 
 During the war and before becoming a 
 member of the Tide Water family, I trans- 
 lated foreign languages for the Postal Cen- 
 sorship. So came along and let's peek 
 through the well guarded door of a certain 
 government building in New York City. 
 
 There we see a multitude of men and 
 women, speedily opening, examining and 
 re-sealing the letters that come to them 
 from trucks lieaped high with large canvas 
 mail bags. Mixed with the rustle of paper 
 is the clang of metal that rises from the 
 racks on which hang the foreign mail bags, 
 and into which the Post Office men toss the 
 packages and letters. 
 
 When we move closer we note the Censor 
 weapon of attack is the humble kitchen 
 knife (how war docs bring out hidden 
 worthiness), a stack of the familiar 
 "Opened by Censor" labels, a moistener, 
 and individual rubber stamps "Passed by 
 Censor No. — ," and pink and green slips, 
 the latter reading "The following enclosure 
 was missing when opened by the Censor." 
 
 Most likely you think of the Censor as 
 having the "Life of Reilly" just passing 
 the day by reading other people's letters. 
 
 but it zcasnt. Efficiency was tlie watcli- 
 word. We were under very strict discipline. 
 The warning whistle was blown two min- 
 utes before nine, another at nine and if we 
 had not given our number to the time- 
 keeper by that time, a half hour was de- 
 ducted from our vacation. The same per- 
 formance was repeated at noon. Days of 
 absence were also deducted from that pre- 
 cious two weeks' vacation, so that by the 
 time Summer arrived, many of us had 
 barely any vacations left and some owed 
 the Government a few days. 
 
 Along with discipline we got caustic 
 mention in many letters, as oftentimes the 
 writers (maybe you did yourself) would 
 refer to us with painful clearness of expres- 
 sion ; so it wasn't all roses. 
 
 In one department the trade mail was 
 handled. What company does not remem- 
 ber the Enemy Trading List with its daily 
 additions and removals.'' No communica- 
 tion whatsoever could be sent to anyone 
 whose name appeared on this list. 
 
 A large proportion of the letters were 
 written in foreign languages so j)ractically 
 every one employed translated from one 
 to forty-six languages. The Censors came 
 from everv state in the Union. Some were 
 natives of foreign countries who had become 
 citizens of the United States and thtv rej)- 
 resented every walk of life. One of the 
 Censor's greatest trials was reading the 
 abominable handwriting especially "those 
 letters from Spain." The Spaniards have 
 a habit of beginning their letters on any 
 part of any page. When the four pages 
 are covered, to economize, thev turn the 
 paper and write crosswise. T^ndenvood 
 
AFTER THE T\ S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 49 
 
 aiul Rc'iiiiiigtoii must inean nothing in tlair 
 lives, as nearly all business letters are writ- 
 ten by hand ( tj^pewriter exporters take 
 note). Many of the addresses on foreign 
 letters were really amusing; for instance, 
 one addressed to "Senores Made in Brook- 
 lyn" — that was all. Apparently the writer 
 had seen an ad and copied what he thought 
 was the address. Another very common 
 one was — ^"The American Consolation" for 
 The American Consulate. Another — 
 "General De Livery" for General Delivery. 
 A few extracts from letters received by 
 the War Risk Lisurance were treats: 
 
 .lust a line to let you know that I am a 
 widow and four children. 
 
 You ask for my allotment numbir. I 
 have three i)oys and two girls. 
 
 I have a four months' old bal)y and he 
 is my only support. 
 
 I received my insurance polisji and have 
 since removed my Post Office. 
 
 I am his witV and only air. 
 
 Extracts from a boy's letter: ''I am 
 writing with the ])iano playing in my uni- 
 form." 
 
 Please return my marriage certificate, 
 bai)y has not eaten in three days. 
 
 Please send nie a wife's form. 
 
 Please let me know if .Tolin has put in 
 an application for a wift' and child. 
 
 As for 3'our love letters, don't worry. 
 They were such common occurrences that 
 we considered them quite monotonous, and, 
 for the most part, uninteresting. If you 
 wrote to your beloveil in cipher, do you 
 think for a moment that it got by the 
 Censor.'' Your letter was delayed that 
 much longer for it had to be passed to the 
 cryptographer and carefully deciphered, 
 and the chances are that it took you longer 
 to write it than the censor to decipher it. 
 
 Then there was the Book and Newspaper 
 Division where periodicals and books from 
 foreign countries were looked through. 
 Then the Parcel Post, containing really 
 more humorous incidents than any other 
 branch. 
 
 After the Armistice there was instituted 
 what we termed "Firing Day." It oc- 
 curred twice a month and continued until 
 the entire force had been released. We 
 had worked hard, but, luilike the pro- 
 verbial village gossip, we felt that we had 
 profited by our legitimate prying into 
 people's affairs. After our experience in 
 the Censorship and the insight it gave us 
 into men's methods in "affaires d'amour" 
 nearly all we girls decided on life member- 
 ship in the already crowded Bachelor Girls' 
 Clubs, but some have already been dis- 
 qualified for the}' found a "he" who passed 
 censorship. 
 
50 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 The Red Cross 
 
 'The quality of mercy is not strained, 
 It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven 
 Upon the place beneath: it is twice blessed: 
 It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes:" 
 
 THE miles and miles of bandages and 
 other hospital supplies used in France 
 had to be provided by the Red Cross. 
 Red Cross chapters were speedily organ- 
 ized in all the cities and towns and villages 
 of the United States. Many a dressing 
 that played its vital part in France was 
 made in a little room labeled "Red Cross 
 Workshop," located in an obscure, rural 
 district, several thousand miles from the 
 battle front. 
 
 Practically all the energy which the 
 American women had been diverting into 
 various charitable and social activities was 
 pooled into this stupendous channel of the 
 Red Cross. They turned out all kinds of 
 surgical dressings, also hospital garments, 
 comfort kits, and trench necessities. 
 
 Every fourth man, woman and child 
 joined some chapter of the American Red 
 Cross and contributed to the $300,000,000 
 fund which was raised. But this record 
 was far exceeded by the Tide Water Com- 
 panies, which had a 100% membership. 
 
 In the Industrial Campaign of the Red 
 Cross Drive, Mr. R. D. Benson served on 
 the Committee for the Oil Division. Mr. 
 Benson appointed Mr. F. S. Turbett, Mr. 
 C. W. B. Fisher and Miss E. W. Chase to 
 assist him. 
 
 A quota of $13.52 for each employe 
 was established and each company assessed 
 accordino;ly. The Oil Trade Division turned 
 $52,046.75 into the Red Cross Treasury, 
 exceeding its allotment by $4,946.75. 
 From Tide Water alone came $5,277.00. 
 
 During the Drive our halls and offices 
 were decorated with posters. Pledge cards 
 
 were passed around, telephone booths were 
 plastered, literature of all kinds carried 
 the appeal. Everywhere was the sign of 
 the Red Cross. Practically everyone wore 
 the Red Cross button- — the evidence of de- 
 tailed canvassing. 
 
 The Veedol Team of the Wall Street 
 Auxiliary gave a patriotic concert to raise 
 money for an Ambulance Fund. This con- 
 cert was held in the old John Street Church, 
 New York Citv, on a Saturday afternoon 
 and was well attended. The net proceeds 
 amounted to $500, the largest contributed 
 by any of the Red Cross auxiliaries work- 
 ing for the Ambulance Fund. 
 
 The talent consisted of some of New 
 York's best musicians, among them the 
 Rubinstein Club Chorus. James T. Tom- 
 linson offered the services of his Boy Scout 
 Fife and Drum Corps most of whom were 
 Tide Water boys. 
 
 Three hundred and one dollars were 
 donated for the Ambulance Fund and the 
 rest was used to make woolen outfits for 
 the boys at Fort Jay and also to send 
 them boxes of goodies consisting of 
 oranges, apples, cakes, candies and 
 tobacco. 
 
 Mrs. Lillian Andrews of the Veedol 
 Credit Department was largely responsi- 
 ble for the success of this concert. 
 
 The Veedol team also marched in the 
 Red Cross parade down Fifth Avenue at 
 the head of the Oil Trade Division and 
 they carried the Tide Water flag bearing 
 three hundred and twenty-five blue service 
 stars and four gold ones. It was the only 
 business flag carried in the whole parade. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 51 
 
 The American Red Cross Was a Mother to Him 
 
 Edxcard H. iSti/rin 
 
 WHILE stationed at Boulogne, the 
 British Hospital Base, by chance I 
 discovered that among the American boys 
 confined there was Everett HoUis, who was 
 a Tidal employe, one of the first to vol- 
 unteer when war was declared ; merely a 
 boy in years, but a real soldier, and a 
 brother of Miss Mabel Hollis of the Tidal 
 office force, ex-member of the Topics 
 staff, and one of the Tidal's oldest em- 
 ployes (in point of service). Cotton, as 
 Everett was known to us, was then con- 
 valescing from fever and looked as though 
 he craved Oklahoma sunshine and could 
 not understand why they were trying to 
 keep the Boche out of that part of France, 
 but rather favored the idea of giving it to 
 them and inflicting the punishment of 
 making them live there. He had lost many 
 of his personal effects and as the boys bri- 
 gaded with the British had not much 
 chance to re-equip themselves, we found 
 opportunities to use the American Red 
 Cross stores to good advantage. 
 
 -^ 
 
 THE foregoing incidents were contrib- 
 uted by Mr. Edward H. Salrin, Audi- 
 tor for the Tidal Oil Company, who en- 
 tered the service of the American Red 
 Cross during the month of August, 1918, 
 as a Captain in the Department of Finance 
 and Accounts, and who was given charge 
 of Distribution of Supplies to Hospital 
 and Active Troops, in which capacities he 
 served until March, 1919, when he re- 
 turned to resume his position with the 
 Company. 
 
 The American Red Cross service in 
 France was divided into units, called 
 
 Some Aveeks later, while assisting in es- 
 tablishing a supply camp at a little town 
 on the Somme River near Amiens, we 
 came upon Cotton, who had just been dis- 
 charged from the hospital after an attack 
 of "flu." It was a cold, damp morning 
 and he was without overcoat ; but worse 
 still, without cigarettes. I was able to 
 supply the latter, and a supply of 
 sweaters, socks, etc., was shortly there- 
 after distributed by the A. R. C. nearby. 
 
 And right here let me add that the 
 American Red Cross looked like Santa 
 Claus to some several thousand boys that 
 day. A replacement camp had just been 
 moved to that location with meager ar- 
 rangements for caring for the men sent 
 there by the hundreds from the hospitals, 
 and with the cold, rainy weather they were 
 in real distress. With a few truck loads 
 of clothing, blankets, cigarettes, hot 
 drinks, an assortment of food stuffs, a 
 rolling-kitchen and a lot of willing dough- 
 boys we did a thriving business. 
 
 zones. After spending a month in the gen- 
 eral offices of the A. R. C. in Paris, Mr. 
 Salrin was assigned to the zone covering 
 the northeastern part of France and was 
 stationed for four months at Boulogne- 
 sur-Mer ; and at the close of activities as- 
 sisted for two months in the work of clos- 
 ing operations of the A.R.C. at Bordeaux. 
 While in France, Mr. Salrin made two 
 trips to Belgium and visited, in connection 
 with his work, many sections of the battle 
 front, where he secured a very interesting 
 collection of war trophies, now on display 
 in a cabinet in the Tidal club rooms. 
 
52 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 The Camouflage Corps 
 
 CAMOUFLAGE, as most people know, 
 is the science of concealing things 
 from enemy observers. Gun emplacements, 
 ammunition dumps, roads, trenches, huts, 
 various other instruments of war had to be 
 kept hidden, not only from pedestrian spies 
 as in previous wars, but from the hostile 
 eyes in the air as well. By means of photo- 
 graphs taken by aerial observers the enemy 
 tries to secure knowledge of gun positions 
 and activities under way. 
 
 There are two kinds of camouflage, tem- 
 porary and permanent. Temporary cam- 
 ouflage requires only a net, known to the 
 corps as a fish net, and carried on the 
 trailer of each gun. These nets were 
 octagonal in shape, and concentrated or 
 heavily woven with burlap at the center, 
 gradually decreasing in density towards 
 the outer edges. When a battery advanced 
 or retreated to a new position the net 
 was raised to approximately nine feet 
 above the gun, affording shelter as well as 
 concealing both gun and crew. Long 
 wooden or metal poles supported the net 
 and held it in place. 
 
 To camouflage permanent gun emplace- 
 ments required from two days to three 
 weeks of hard work, unrolling wire, burlap 
 and other materials, driving heavy stakes 
 and timbers in place with a nineteen pound 
 sledge. Chicken wire with burlap inter- 
 woven in the meshes, resembling the forma- 
 tion of surrounding foliage, was the most 
 common means used to conceal a peraia- 
 nent gun or battery position. Whereas in 
 the temporary position each net covered 
 one gun, in the permanent position the 
 chicken wire net concealed from one to 
 four guns. Permanent positions were pref- 
 
 0. C. Gohdes, of the Sales Corporation 
 
 erably in wooded territory so as to take 
 advantage of all possible natural overhead 
 protection. 
 
 It was often necessary to camouflage a 
 whole road leading to the front so that 
 troops and ammunition could be sent over 
 without detection. Sometimes the effect of 
 the sunshine falling through the spaces in 
 the burlap would dot the ground with fan- 
 tastic shadows, so that if a fellow was 
 romantic he might imagine himself walking 
 through a grape arbor. If the sun 
 bleached the material white we had to touch 
 it up with paint to prevent it from be- 
 coming conspicuous. After a job was com- 
 pleted we would climb up neighboring tall 
 trees and survey the results of our labor. 
 
 We not only took pains to camouflage 
 the positions we held, but we also camou- 
 flaged places no longer in use, such as 
 deserted guns, etc. Often we tried to make 
 them appear as though still in use to mis- 
 lead the enemy. For instance, after a 
 heavy rain, when the good French mud was 
 deep and thick, a whole squad of us would 
 be marched out to a deserted gun place- 
 ment and make foot-prints. When this 
 was photographed by the enemy the foot- 
 prints would show white and give the im- 
 pression of occupancy. It was important 
 to make sure that paths leading to gun 
 locations were carefully hidden. Likewise 
 the bare spots left around a gun had to 
 be camouflaged as soon as action was sus- 
 pended. For this branches of trees, leaves, 
 and shrubs were used, being moved back 
 before action re-commenced. Shell holes 
 were also concealed in the same way, so 
 that the enemy planes could not check up 
 on the shells they had sent over. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 53 
 
 The Right Man for the Right Job 
 
 The work of the Committee on Classification of 
 
 Personnel in the Army is somewhat like the 
 
 work of our own Personnel Department. 
 
 TO turn a good clerk who was expert at 
 "pushing a pen" into a crack sharp- 
 shooter; to educate a truck driver to be- 
 come an army cook — such were the tasks 
 w^hich confronted our War Department in 
 1917. The problem becomes more im- 
 portant when men for the signal corps or 
 the aero or engineer service were needed. 
 How to draw^ from the civilian population, 
 to build up an efficient army was the ques- 
 tion. Never before this war had the na- 
 tions been called upon for such large and 
 highly organized armies. Modern warfare 
 requires of its soldiers technical training of 
 a high order. England, forced in 191-i to 
 create her army practically overnight, had 
 early sacrificed some of her best men as 
 well as her best efficiency, and the United 
 States, given a longer hour of grace, prof- 
 ited by England's example. 
 
 How was it done.'' Why, simply by re- 
 garding civilian occupations as so many 
 army training schools. From the record of 
 a man's previous experience his assign- 
 ment to army tasks was made. The quali- 
 fication card system worked wonders. By 
 means of it George Lilly of The Tide-Water 
 Pipe Company, Ltd., was right at home on 
 the battlefield as a private in the Field 
 Signal Battalion. Tide Water telegraphy 
 must be an excellent training school, judg- 
 ing by the war record of Raymond Harger, 
 who walked off with a British Signal Con- 
 test Medal. As far as possible the men 
 were appointed to jobs for which they were 
 qualified. But things did not always work 
 
 quite so logically. We find William 
 Brooks, a Tide Water chauffeur, becoming 
 a baker in the navy. In some cases it ap- 
 pears that the service drew out hitherto 
 latent talents or utilized the man's avoca- 
 tion rather than his vocation in assigning 
 him to duty, for we find S. L. Reynolds, 
 usually occupied as a price clerk, signed 
 up as a first class musician in the navy. 
 
 The complicated task of connecting up 
 the man and the job that fitted him was 
 taken care of by the Committee on Classifi- 
 cation of Personnel in the Army, which was 
 composed of business psychologists, em- 
 ployment managers and others who had 
 specialized in such work. This Committee 
 appointed civilian supervisors at all the 
 cantonments, among whom was ]Mr. Phillip 
 Brasher, Assistant to the President of the 
 Tide Water Oil Co., who supervised the 
 work at Camp Jackson^ S. C. 
 
 But besides fitting the man to the job, it 
 was necessary to fit the jobs for the men, 
 that is to specify and standardize the vari- 
 ous army occupations so that it could be 
 seen at a glance just for which position a 
 man qualified. Accordingly it became part 
 of the duty of the Personnel Organization 
 to undertake a systematic job-analysis 
 from the army standpoint. This included 
 not only specification of army jobs, but an 
 analysis of civilian occupations. When a 
 man says he has been an engineer, for in- 
 stance, it is necessary to find out whether 
 he is a civil or chemical engineer, or per- 
 haps a railroad engineer whose training has 
 
54. 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 consisted of transporting the New Jersey 
 commuter to his New York business. And 
 then the various sorts of army engineering 
 needs must be classified so that the man 
 may be put in the proper place. 
 
 For both officers and enlisted men, the 
 qualification card was used. In the case 
 of the enlisted men these cards were filled 
 out by expert interviewers, the officers filled 
 out their own cards which were then vised 
 by their superiors, who rated them for 
 physical qualities, intelligence, leadership, 
 personal qualities, and general value to the 
 service. 
 
 For classifying the enlisted men in addi- 
 tion to the qualification card, trade tests 
 were used. These oral, picture, and per- 
 formance examinations tested men for 
 eighty-four army trades which were classi- 
 fied as to the duties involved, qualifications 
 required, and the substitute tradesmen that 
 could best be used. Thus the man's degree 
 of skill was ascertained more certainly than 
 it could be by the results of an interview. 
 
 At the time the United States entered 
 the war, many specialists of high standing 
 flocked to Washington to offer their skilled 
 services to the Government. In order to 
 deal with these, a sort of clearing house was 
 established under the name of the War 
 Service Exchange. Mr. O. P. Keeney of 
 the Tide Water Oil Co. was appointed 
 Assistant Director of the Division of Lu- 
 bricants and Foreign Requirements of the 
 U. S. Fuel Administration, and Mr. Byron 
 D. Benson became head of the Petroleum 
 Division of the Fuel Administration. 
 
 And so it went — wherever an expert was 
 needed by the Government he was found 
 somewhere, and called upon to turn his 
 tools to war purposes. In collaboration 
 with the Adjutant-General's office, the Pro- 
 vost Marshal General's office and the Sur- 
 
 geon-General's office, the Committee on 
 Classification of Personnel rendered valu- 
 able service. Assistance was given the Sur- 
 geon-General's office in devising a series of 
 general intelligence tests, and also in the 
 upbuilding of the Development Battalions 
 in which men who were physically, mentally, 
 or educationally below par were given such 
 training as is necessary to fit them for mili- 
 tary life. The Personnel Committee saw to 
 it that these men were assigned only to 
 work which they were capable of perform- 
 ing. The Committee also co-operated with 
 the Committee on Educational and Special 
 Training, to assist in fitting men more com- 
 pletely for army duties. 
 
 This brief sketch gives only a bird's-eye 
 view of the personnel work in the army. 
 It merely suggests the methods employed to 
 utilize the man-power of America to the 
 utmost by using each man where he was 
 most capable and consequently most ef- 
 fective. 
 
 Tide Water evidently proved a desirable 
 training school. In looking over our 
 records, we find that a Tide Water auditor 
 became an army auditor; that a foreman 
 in the experimental plant served as private 
 in the chemical warfare service ; Tide 
 Water chauffeurs and truck-drivers were in 
 the transport corps. Tide Water teleg- 
 raphers in the signal corps, and engineers 
 in the engineering service. 
 
 And now much the same system is being 
 applied to Tide Water personnel. The 
 methods which proved successful and the 
 information gained by the experience of the 
 Committee on Classification of Personnel 
 for the War Department is being taken 
 advantage of by us. 
 
 It is interesting to know that the United 
 States Army is the only army that used 
 this or any method of classifying personnel. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 55 
 
 Read here the comments of one of our hoys 
 
 who served the committee on classification of 
 
 personnel. 
 
 "The Nut Test" 
 
 George R. Denton, of The East Jersey li. 1\. and 
 Terminal Co. 
 
 HAVE any of you fellows who took the 
 psychological examination at camp 
 ever wondered what it was all about? 
 Maybe you know it better by the army 
 term of "nut test." 
 
 When the war first started it was in- 
 tended to pick the best men among the re- 
 cruits by the manner in which they did 
 K. P. and such tasks. However, with the 
 change in plan by which t/ou were put on 
 all fatigue and guard details a new sys- 
 tem was necessary to test the intellect of 
 the other men. 
 
 The "squirrel" tests were arranged b}' 
 some of the leading psychologists to do 
 just that. It was possible as a result of 
 these tests to balance the men in various 
 organizations so that each unit would have 
 the appropriate number of high, medium 
 and low grade men. Instances were dis- 
 covered where one unit had a large propor- 
 tion of first-class men and another unit in- 
 tended to do the same duty was below the 
 average mentally. The tests were also used 
 to discover men who could be sent to offi- 
 cers' training camps, who could be made 
 non-commissioned officers or who could be 
 put on special assignments. 
 
 As some of you remember, the test or- 
 deal was the first through which you were 
 put after reaching camp. 
 
 The most common test was for those who 
 understood enough English to read a 
 newspaper and write a letter. There were 
 several others so that it was possible to 
 
 give nearly every one the proper test, tak- 
 ing into account his nationality, schooling 
 and length of time in this country. After 
 the examination was completed the papers 
 were rushed through the scoring room and 
 a report of the marks made to the Com- 
 pany Commander. For those who failed 
 to pass, a different test was given in which 
 knowledge of English was not a factor. 
 Those failing to pass this test were exam- 
 ined individually and the proper diagnosis 
 made. Some were recommended for regu- 
 lar training, some were assigned to labor 
 or development battalions and some were 
 discharged. 
 
 The test was in eight parts, each of a 
 different type and on a different page and 
 required less than one hour for completion. 
 Some of the tests were called "following 
 directions," and "practical judgment," and 
 "general information." They were de- 
 signed so that nearly every one could an- 
 swer some of the questions on each page 
 and yet hard enough so that very few could 
 finish a page before it was time to turn 
 to the next. This gave a large and ac- 
 curate range of results as there were few 
 zeros and no perfect scores. 
 
 The mental tests have little or no cor- 
 relation with mechanical ability. To judge 
 this the War Department used the "Trade 
 Tests" Avhich were a practical application 
 of a man's knowledge of his trade. 
 
 At Camp Dix, New Jersey, where I was 
 stationed for eight months, we examined 
 about seventv-five thousand men, twenty- 
 
5(> 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 five per cent of whom could not read or 
 write. One man when asked if he could read 
 replied that he only read the sporting page. 
 His interest in baseball was so keen that 
 he learned to pick out the forms of base- 
 ball words. We also examined a well 
 known millionaire, who replied to the ques- 
 
 tion, "What should a man do if he cannot 
 swim and falls into the water," by sug- 
 gesting that he "float around and yell for 
 help." However, he was not as bad as the 
 chap who said he could make a round trip 
 between two points and go down hill both 
 wavs. 
 
 >^ 
 
 I 
 
 In an Old French Cemetery 
 
 E. H. Salriii 
 N a quiet spot among the hills over- tenanced child of twelve, Mademoiselle 
 looking the Gironde River and not far Marcelle Bedet. Her father had been 
 
 from the village of Carbon Blanc, we 
 found the wooden cross marking the grave 
 of R. Granger Benson. There had been 
 taken over by the A, E. F. a small tract of 
 land — an extension of a beautiful old 
 French cemetery — and there among the 
 rows of newly made mounds was the small 
 white cross bearing the inscription : 
 "Robert G. Benson, Master Engineer, Jr. 
 Gr., 80T Stev. Bm. T. C, Died Oct. 27, 
 1918." Covering the grave was a mass of 
 flowers, some of them in bloom, and on the 
 
 killed during the war, and her mother had 
 died some years before. There in a part 
 of an old stone house, she lived with a 
 crippled old grandfather and grand- 
 mother. It seemed she took great pride 
 in the care of Mr. Benson's grave, and 
 as was a custom among the French people 
 who had lost a member of their family, had 
 adopted an American grave as a token of 
 appreciation and in memory of their dead. 
 In that little tumbled-down home we 
 listened to a story of privation and hard- 
 ship that would touch the hardest heart. 
 
 cross was a wreath of evergreen and holly yet they were happy in the thought that 
 
 tied with a red, white and blue ribbon. ^]^^^, ^^^\^ pleased soine one, especially an 
 
 We were informed by the Sergeant in American, 
 charge that a little French mademoiselle Before we left we reimbursed them for 
 
 was responsible for the decorations, and the cost of the flowers from a fund, given 
 
 being directed to her found her just us before sailing from America, to be used 
 
 returning from school, a serious-coim- for such purposes. 
 
 The Armistice {Continued from Page si) 
 
 the termination of the war. This time have now been re-absorbed into civilian 
 
 certainty that the war was indeed over life, taking up their peace-time tasks with 
 
 gave an added force to the festivities. the same vigor and will that they demon- 
 
 Although a part of the American Forces strated in the trenches. And now before 
 
 were kept in France as an Army of Occu- them lie the formidable problems of a 
 
 pation, from this time on the American difficult reconstruction. By these same 
 
 doughboys began to come home. They patriots these problems must be met. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 iyt 
 
 Abanese, Anthony 
 Addis, Frederick H. 
 Aggas, L. S. 
 Allen, Arthur L. 
 Allen, Patrick A. 
 Allen, Paul V. 
 Allen, Theodore A. 
 Allison, Walter G. 
 Anderson, Gus 
 *Andre\vs, Harold T. 
 Andrews, Lee 
 Arello, John 
 Arlington, Theodore 
 Ashby, Cordyn 
 Askew, Kenneth 
 Atkins, E. L. 
 Atkinson, W. DeWilder 
 
 Babbitt, Charles 
 
 Bader, Samuel 
 
 Badman, a. 
 
 Bailey, George 
 
 Baldwin, Benjamin 
 *Ball, Willard H., Jr. 
 
 Baluha, Andrew A. 
 
 Baren, Stephen 
 
 Barlow, Ivan W. 
 
 Barlow, Stanley 
 
 Barry, .John A. 
 
 Basham, Roy 
 
 Bayer, H. J. 
 
 Bayer, L. F. 
 
 Beal, Fred 
 
 Becker, William 
 
 Beggs, M. 
 
 Benson, Oscar 
 *Benson, R. Granger 
 
 BiRTCIEL, J. A. 
 
 Bishop, Harry 
 Bolton, James 
 Bolton, Joseph 
 Bond, C. E. 
 
 'Killed in Action 
 
 Bonner, R. J. 
 BooTHBY, Arthur M. 
 Bourne, Edgar J. 
 BowEN, Frank 
 Bowman, P. M. 
 BoYER, Charles 
 BoYER, Percy E. E. 
 Boyle, Cornelius 
 Boyle, Hugh J. 
 Bradley, Joe. 
 Brand, Paul 
 Brannick, Patrick 
 Brandingham, Guy 
 *Branscombe, Walter A. 
 Bray, W. N. 
 Brennan, v. C. 
 Broderick, F. a. 
 Brooks, William F. 
 Brown, Charles 
 Brown, Ralph 
 Bryan, G. W. 
 Buckman, Henry R. 
 BuHRFiEND, Henry 
 Burker, William J. 
 Burns, Ernest W. 
 Bush, Will E. 
 Busmann, Amos W. 
 Bushy, Floyd 
 
 Call, Bill 
 
 Callahan, Thomas F. 
 Campbell, Edgar 
 Carboy, William 
 Cassidy, John A. 
 Cassidy, Thomas 
 Caulfield, Harry 
 Cerbone, Luigi 
 Chambers, J. H. 
 Chicola, Walter 
 Chinery, George M. 
 CiNSOL, G. 
 
 Cirriel, Philip 
 Cirrilla, Louis 
 
 Claasen, C. W. 
 Clay, Wilson 
 Cline, Albert B. 
 CoAKLEY, Patrick 
 CoGGiNS, James 
 Collier, John 
 Collins, Alfred B. 
 Collins, John 
 Connelly, James 
 Conte, William 
 CoNTi, John 
 Contis, Nickolas 
 Conway, John J. 
 Cook, Alexander H. 
 Cooper, Francis 
 Corum, Jonathan 
 Corcoran, Michael 
 cornett, n. c. 
 CosTELLO, Edward 
 CosTELLO, Thomas 
 Cotter, William 
 Cox, James, Jr. 
 Craft, Lon 
 Crawford, Henry 
 Crawford, Robert 
 Cranger, Wm. H., Jr. 
 Crewse, William E. 
 Cromwell, H. C. 
 Crooks, Charles, Jr. 
 Crockett, D. G. 
 Crowley, Charles 
 Crowley, Daniel 
 Crowley, John 
 *CuFF, James J. 
 Cummings, W. 
 Cushmeyer, yi. J. 
 
 Dalton, Edward A. 
 Dalton, Edward J. 
 Dalton, John 
 Daly, George 
 Davis, Evan H. 
 Davis, Harold L. 
 
58 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 >ilX^ 
 
 Davis, Clarence James 
 Davidson, H. G. 
 Day, Hugh 
 Deckard, Morgan 
 Degarimore, Otis 
 Demesak, Michael 
 Dempsey, Luke 
 Dennis, Robert 
 Denton, George R. 
 Desmond, William N. 
 DeHoog, John A., Jr. 
 DiDERicK, John 
 DiDRicKSEN, John 
 Dillon, Michael 
 
 DiLLENDER, FrED M. 
 DiNSMORE, C. A. 
 
 Dixon, Joseph 
 Dixon, Stephen 
 DoHERTv, William 
 Donovan, Daniel 
 Donovan, James, Jr. 
 Donovan, William 
 Doyle, Theodore 
 Dolan, Frank 
 Driscoll, John 
 Dudgeon, John 
 Duffy, Patrick 
 Duffy, C. S. 
 DuMPHY, John 
 DuMPHY, Michael 
 DuNPHV, Patrick J. 
 DwYER, Philip 
 DwYER, Edward 
 DwYER, James J. 
 
 Eagan, Thomas 
 Easton, Thomas 
 Ebbes, a. I. 
 Ede, Raymond W. 
 Edwards, C. L. 
 Edwards, Douglas 
 Edwards, Howard 
 
 Edwards, W. L. 
 Egerton, Benjamin H. 
 Eggers, Peter 
 Eligator, H. D. 
 Erickson, Asa 
 Ernst, Richard 
 Evans, James 
 Evans, J. Melroy 
 
 Fahey, J. E. 
 Farley, James 
 Farrer, L. E. 
 Fassett, Gardner B. 
 Ferguson, Albert 
 Ferguson, Wm. J., Jr. 
 Fesco, Michael 
 Finck, Edward 
 Fink, John R. 
 Fitzsimmons, Wm. 
 Flay, Raymond 
 Fletcher, H. A. 
 Fletcher, William 
 Flynn, Hugh 
 Flynn, W. B. 
 Foster, John J. 
 Foster, James 
 Foreman, C. D. 
 Fouch, Homer K. 
 Frank, Henry W. 
 Franklin, Frank R. 
 Frayer, John 
 Freeman, Arthur 
 Ferguson, W. J. 
 Fitzpatrick, R. J. 
 Ford, Henry T. 
 Fritts, Frederick A. 
 Frnora, Joseph 
 
 Gagen, Wm. 
 Gallagher, George 
 Gallagher, John J. 
 Gallagher, Patrick 
 Gallaway, Ansele 
 
 Garllo, Angelo 
 Gartlan, Frank L. 
 Garlington, O. 
 Garaghty, J. 
 Gerhardt, Fred J. 
 Gelay, Gilbert 
 Gilbert, Albert 
 Gilbert, Edgar 
 Gilmartis, Wm. B. 
 Gill, John 
 GiLLiLAND, Lester E. 
 Gion, W. 
 GivENs, Dennis 
 Glass, Neal 
 Gleason, J. 
 Glenn, Richard J. 
 Gohdes, Otto C. 
 GoRio, Louis 
 Gold, Hugh 
 Glocani, R. 
 Goldberg, Sam 
 GoLiAS, Paul A. 
 Gordon, C. 
 Gordon, J. 
 GoTT, Louis 
 Gourley, William 
 Graham, James T. 
 Graves, Louis L. 
 Granger, Wm. H., Jr. 
 Gregory, Eugene 
 Greene, C. J. 
 Griggs, Morton R. 
 Griggs, Arthur R. 
 Griggs, Terry D. 
 Grove, Ralph H. 
 GuiNN, Ralph C. 
 
 Haber, Arthur 
 Halday, W. LeRoy 
 Hanna, W^m. R. 
 Hansen, E. W. 
 Hensen, Emil 
 Harriman, Wilfred C. 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 59 
 
 Harris, A. C. 
 Harris, Henry H. 
 Harris, James 
 Harger, Raymond 
 Harmon, E. C. 
 Harvey, Alexander Boyd 
 Hayes, William A. 
 Heckler, A. L. 
 Heebe, G. W. 
 Heeney, Henry 
 Herbert, A. 
 Herbert, James 
 Herbert, Thomas J. 
 *Herbert, William 
 Heussler, Fred 
 Hickey, Philip A. 
 HicKEY, James J. 
 Higgins, Martin V. 
 Hill, Leonard 
 HiLARETSKi, John 
 HiLBERT, George 
 HiLCKEN, Walter 
 Hinners, Herman 
 Hersch, Frank A. 
 Hock, Meyer 
 HoLFORD, John 
 HoMMACK, Alexander 
 Hopkins, H. H. 
 Hopkins, Frederick N. 
 Horn, Robert 
 Horowitz, Samuel 
 HoRTON, Glen L. 
 Howell, S. K. 
 hoyman, s. s. 
 HoxE, William 
 Hoxworth, Albert L 
 Houston, Zeb 
 Hubbard, Dana M. 
 Huddy, William 
 Hughes, Parker 
 Hundley, William 
 
 * Killed in Action 
 
 Huntington, O. F. 
 Hurley, John 
 Hutchinson, James A. 
 
 Ice, Earl R. 
 Ingram, E. E. 
 Irvin, H. Norman 
 Isles, F. W. 
 IsoM, Ralph 
 
 Jackson, Claud 
 Jackson, William 
 Jeffreys, Herman 
 Jenkins, Ephraim 
 Johnson, E. X. 
 Johnson, William 
 Jordan, Edward W. 
 Joyce, Edward 
 Joyce, James J. 
 *Joyce, Martin K. 
 JozwicK, John 
 Jungdahl, Arthur 
 
 Kane, Michael 
 Karecki, K. 
 Katica, Joseph J. 
 Kearney, Nicholas 
 Keating, Patrick J. 
 Keating, William 
 Keebler, Frank W. 
 Keeney, G. a., Jr. 
 Keifer, John H. 
 Keffer, John AV. 
 Kelly, Curtis 
 Kelley, Joseph A. 
 Kelley, James 
 Kellner, William N. 
 Kemper, William E. 
 Kemptar, George F. 
 KiERMAN, Frank 
 Kline, William 
 Kress, Ivan 
 KuHN, Frederick O. 
 
 Labritt, James 
 Labrisk, John 
 Lacer, a. E. 
 Lacy, Murry 
 La Forge, John F. 
 Land, C. L. 
 Land, L. W. 
 Lee, Randall E. 
 Lee, William 
 Legan, H. W^. 
 Leonard, R. Leonard 
 Levendusky, John 
 Levendusky, Michael 
 Louis, John L. 
 Liberti, Nunzio 
 LiGNON, Michael 
 Lilly, George H. 
 Lister, V. N. 
 LocKYEAR, Frank 
 LoHMAN, Isaac H. 
 LowERY, Aebijah F. 
 Luc, Joseph 
 LucKEY, John A. 
 LuPER, George 
 
 McCaffery, John 
 McCarthy, Jeremiah 
 McCarty, Ray B. 
 McCaw, Paul V. 
 McCoLE, Charles 
 
 McCoLE, W^ILLIAM 
 
 McCreary, Frank 
 McDonald, Ansil 
 McDonald, E. J. 
 McDowell, Robert W. 
 McFadden, Charles 
 McFadden, John 
 McGiNNis, Leo J. 
 McGiNiTY, Bernard 
 McGrath, Douglas 
 McGrath, Thomas J. 
 McGuiNN, Michael J. 
 McKiEVER, Robert 
 
60 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 ..^&::ii 
 
 /^ixisb. 
 
 McLaughlin, Clarence 
 McMann, H. 
 McNally, Joseph J. 
 McNevins, Oscar 
 McPhail, Thomas H. 
 MacPherson, EXouglas 
 JMahnken, H. H. 
 Marcellus, John 
 Marcis, Joseph 
 Marohn, Fred 
 Marney, Elbert 
 Martin, Jack H. 
 Martin, Jeffeto 
 Massa, Richard 
 Mastronmanace, M. 
 Mathews, Dan W. 
 Matthews, Francis J. 
 ]\f ATHis, Arnold 
 Manurizia, a. 
 May, Wm. H. 
 Mayfield, H. 
 Meath, Thomas 
 Meers, Roy 
 Mey, Wm. H. 
 Meyer, William A. 
 Middleton, John W^. 
 ]MiLLER, Charles, S. 
 Miller, George J. 
 Miller, John C. 
 Miller, Robert 
 Miller, P. N. 
 INIooRE, Ed. 
 Moore, Ernest P. 
 Moore, Walter F. 
 MoRAN, David P. 
 Morgan, Roy J. 
 MoRPHEW, Jas. Randfund 
 Morton, Walter F. 
 Morton, H. W., Jr. 
 
 MOTTERSHEAD, Ed. 
 
 Mulligan, Luke 
 Murray, John W. 
 
 Murphy, Bartholomew 
 Murphy, Henry W. 
 Murphy, Jeremiah 
 Murphy, John J. 
 Murphy, Lawrence 
 Meyers, C. E. 
 
 Nagengast, John 
 Napieiski, Anthony 
 Naselroad, Joe 
 Neilson, George 
 Nellis, Ed. B. 
 Nelson, Helmer B. 
 Neuman, George 
 Nevius, John Richard 
 Newsome, Frank 
 Newton, Gail P. 
 Nickels, Earl F. 
 Nickels, Stanton 
 Nichols, Ernest L. 
 Nichols, Harrison S. 
 Nittle, James R. 
 Norman, George Sloan 
 
 O'Brien, Cornelius 
 O'Connor, Patrick 
 O'Donnell, John 
 O'DoNNELL, Philip N. 
 O'Halloran, John P. 
 O'Hara, E. F. 
 O'Hare, Matthew 
 Oldfield, Tipton E. 
 Oliver, George 
 Opell, John C. 
 osbahr, h. c. 
 
 Paige, Frederick L. 
 Palmer, P'rank N. 
 Palosky, J. 
 Pardee, Nicholas J. 
 Parella, Angelo 
 Pavick, Stephen 
 Pearce, J. Owen, Jr. 
 
 Peck, W. L 
 Peek, J. C. 
 Penn, V. D. 
 Pepoon, Harry L. 
 Per Lee, Charles 
 Perri, Dominick 
 Peterson, Edward 
 Peterson, Thomas J. 
 Petti, Alphonse 
 Pierce, Frank 
 PoLERO, William 
 
 POLIZZANO, NiCKOLAS N. 
 
 Porter, Clarence R. 
 Potter, S. L. 
 Pouch, John E. 
 Powers, Richard J. 
 Powers, William 
 Powell, O. T. 
 Pracht, John C. 
 Prahm, George 
 Prendergast, James 
 Price, Thaddeus 
 Prichard, N. T. 
 
 QUACKENBUSH, RoY 
 
 QuiNN, John A. 
 
 Raisner, Christopher 
 Ranger, Leon B. 
 Rathert, Louis 
 Rawlins, Fred 
 Reebe, G. W. 
 Reed, Chauncey W. 
 Reed, Harry E. 
 Reid, Glen Allen 
 Reilly, Cornelius 
 Reilly, James 
 Reilly, John J. 
 Reynolds, S. L. 
 Rhodes, Arthur 
 Richardson, Joseph 
 RicHETS, Isaac 
 RicQUE, Frank 
 
AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 
 
 61 
 
 .^ife: 
 
 m^ffb. 
 
 Riley, Bernard 
 RoENBECK, Abe 
 RoEsiNGER, Charles R. 
 RoESiNGER, Chris. H. 
 RoEsiNGER, Robert 
 Rogers, A. L. 
 RoLLiNGER, Robert 
 Roma, Charles 
 rosinski, j. 
 Roth, Jilius, Jr. 
 Rothman, Charles 
 
 ROTANDI, AnGELO 
 
 Ruff, William Wayne 
 RrsHNACK, Andrew 
 Rushnak, Joseph 
 Ryan, James J. 
 Ryan, Thomas 
 
 Sadlusky, Thomas 
 Salski, John 
 Salrin, E. H. 
 Sandburg. Charles 
 Sanders, William 
 Savage, Kenneth N. 
 Say, Stewart 
 
 SCHAEFFER, GeORCJE H. 
 SCHALK, H. L. 
 
 ScHARMAN, Edward 
 ScHiLKE, Edward 
 Schmertz, John R. 
 ScHOMP, John G. 
 
 SCHULTZ, N. 
 ScOLMAIERE, A. 
 
 Scott, Malcom 
 scribner, g. h. 
 Searle, F. Sheldon 
 Sedowski, Joseph 
 Sellinger, Eugene C. 
 Sestakosky, Joseph 
 Sexton, James 
 Shapiro, William Duff 
 Shea, Edward L. 
 
 KilK'd in Action 
 
 Shephard, George 
 
 Sheridan, Miles 
 
 Shipley, John 
 
 Showers, William 
 
 SiLSBY, John A. 
 
 Simmons, Frank 
 
 SiNGLEY, Ellis T. 
 
 Sitzer, Marshall W. 
 
 Slickman, Walter 
 
 Smallwood, A. E. 
 
 Smith, A. 
 
 Smith, Charles 
 
 Smith, D. V. 
 
 Smith, L. Eugene 
 
 Smith, James Arthur 
 
 Smith, M. J. 
 
 Smith, ^^ illiam 
 
 Smoyer, John H. 
 
 Snow, Oscar 
 
 Snipes, J. L. 
 
 socklow, a. 
 Sodluski, T. 
 Spillane, John J. 
 Squire, George 
 Stafford, James E. 
 Stahl, Francis 
 Stark, Charles A. 
 Stefeux, Joseph 
 Stewart, Gidd 
 Stower, Leslie Lowery 
 Stowell, W. H. 
 Storck, William 
 Stratmeyer, Julius 
 Sturtwant, Walter G. 
 SucHvio, John 
 Sullivan, G. 
 Sullivan, John 
 surrelli, a. d. 
 Sweeney, Daniel 
 
 Sweeney, John 
 Sweeney, Thomas N. 
 Sweeney, Thomas 
 swersky, m. 
 
 Tallmadge, C. 
 Tate, Elmer 
 Taylor, A. 
 Taylor, M. A. 
 Thomas, Marion 
 Thomas, Raymond 
 Thomas, Richard 
 Thompson, F. L. 
 Thompson, Carl 
 
 TiEFENWEITH, F. 
 
 Timmonds, Frank 
 ToEPFER, William 
 ToNEY, Arthur C. 
 ToMPsoN, Francis L. 
 Tooth MAN, Guy 
 ToRELLO, Michael 
 TowNEs, Harvey 
 Trainor, E. 
 Trussel, Ralph 
 Tucker, David 
 Tucker, Louis 
 
 Utter, George D. 
 
 Van Riper, E. A. 
 Van Sickle, H. E. 
 Van Woeart, Leon 
 Vantine, John 
 Verbryck, Fred M. 
 \'owers, William L. 
 Vyhrosky, Edward 
 
 *Wade, Joseph P. 
 Wade, Luke 
 Wagner, John F. 
 Wagner, J. 
 Walsh, John 
 Walsh, John J. 
 Walther, E. H. 
 
62 
 
 TIDE WATER TOPICS 
 
 a:^f£b. 
 
 Ward, Charles 
 Ward, H. P. 
 Ward, Harold F. 
 Ward, Luke 
 Warner, John W. 
 Waters, James 
 Waterbury, Lewis C. 
 Watkins, Emmett 
 Watson, Howard R. 
 Watson, H. R. 
 Welcher, Frederick 
 Wells, George 
 Wells, William B. 
 Wendeborn, F. C. 
 
 White, John T. 
 White, P. W. 
 Wichern, Theodore 
 WiELGowsKi, John 
 Willard, Wells 
 Wilkinson, O. E. 
 Williams, Forest G. 
 Williams, Frank 
 Williams, Vincent 
 Williamson, Wm. B., Jr. 
 Wilson, Emmett L. 
 Wilson, John 
 WiNLAND, Lloyd A. 
 
 WiTczsK, Stephen 
 Wood, Edgar 
 Wood, Homer 
 WooDROw, Ralph E. 
 Wright, Clarence 
 Wright, Hamilton 
 
 Young, John 
 Young, S. 
 Young, Shade U. 
 
 Zackman, H. G. 
 Zemkesky, Bernard 
 ZoELLER, Robert E. 
 Zygmunt, W. J. 
 
LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 020 934 432 4